[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]





                                                                                                                                                     Project #94.3.2.3




                                                             Durham Coastal Method
                                                 Inve'n-tory and Evaluation Project,/

                                                                                      June 1995




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                                                                                              1732





                                                                Information and Recommendations
                                                                             for the Management of
                                                                            Vegetated Tidal Marshes


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                               Durham Coastal Method
                         Inventory and Evaluation Project


















                                        Estuarine Meadow Marsh
                                         Johnsons Creek in Durham




             The preparation of this report was supported in part by a grant from the Office of
             State Planning, New Hampshire Coastal Program, as authorized by the National
             Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Grant No. NA470ZO237.

             This document was prepared by the Strafford Regional Planning Commission, 259
             County Farm Road, Dover, NH 03825.








                                                                Table of Contents                                            Page

                 Acknowledgements,          ...........................................                                              1

                 Report Format, Purpose & Background                 ...............................                                 2

                 Methodology       ...............................................                                                   4

                 Results of the Coastal Method Evaluation              ..............................                                9


                         (1) Summary Tables of Average Functional Indices                   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   10

                         (2) Results by Marsh Functions             . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   13
                                   Function IA - Ecological Integrity           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   14
                                   Function 1B - Ecological Integrity (ZOI)              ....................                     16
                                   Function 2 - Shoreline Anchoring            .........................                          18
                                   Function 3    - Storm Surge Protection          .......................                        20
                                   Function 4 - Wildlife, Finfish & Shellfish           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   22
                                   Function 5    - Water Quality Maintenance          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   24
                                   Function 6 - Recreation Potential           .........................                          26
                                   Function 7 - Aesthetic Quality          ...........................                            28
                                   Function 8 - Educational Potential            ........................                         30
                                   Function 9 - Noteworthiness          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   32


                         (3) Results by Marsh System & Evaluation Units                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   34
                                   Marsh System 1 EU 1          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   35
                                   Marsh System I EU 2          ................................                                  38
                                   Marsh System 2 EU 1          ................................                                  41
                                   Marsh System 2 EU 2          ................................                                  44
                                   Marsh System 3        ...................................                                      47
                                   Marsh System 4 EU I          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   50
                                   Marsh System 4 EU 2          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   51
                                   Marsh System 5        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    54
                                   Marsh System 6        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    57
                                   Marsh System 7        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    60
                                   Marsh System 8        ...................................                                      63
                                   Marsh System 9        ...................................                                      66
                                   Marsh System 10       ...................................                                      69
                                   Marsh System 11       ...................................                                      72
                                   Marsh System 12       ...................................                                      75
                                   Marsh System 13 EU 1            ...............................                                78
                                   Marsh System 13 EU 2            ...............................                                81

                         (4) Results of the Coastal Method Management Options Matrix                       ...........            84








               Management Recommendations for Marsh Systems/Evaluation Units          ............        88
                             Marsh System I (EUs    1 and 2)  ..........................                 *89
                             Marsh System 2 (EUs    1 and 2)  ..........................                  91
                             Marsh System 3     ...................................                       92
                             Marsh System 4 (EUs    1 and 2)  ..........................                  93
                             Marsh System 5     ...................................                       95
                             Marsh System 6     ...................................                       96
                             Marsh System 7     ...................................                       97
                             Marsh System 8     ...................................                       98
                             Marsh System 9     ...................................                       99
                             Marsh System 10    ...................................                      100
                             Marsh System 11      ..................................                     101
                             Marsh System 12    ...................................                      102
                             Marsh System 13    (EUs 1 and 2)    .........................               103

               Annotated bibliography   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

               Map 1:   Durham Zoning with Wetland Systems
               Map 2:   Durham, Great Bay Land Use
               Map 3:   Coastal Method Systems 1, 4 and 5
               Map 4:   Coastal Method Systems 2, 6 and 8
               Map 5:   Coastal Method Systems 3 and 7
               Map 6:   Coastal Method Systems 9 and 10
               Map 7:   Coastal Method System 11
               Map 8:   Coastal Method Systems 12 and 13










             ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


             The Durham Coastal Method Inventory and Evaluation project was a collaborative effort
             involving the Durham Conservation Commission, the Audubon Society of New Hampshire, the
             Wetlands Resource Management class at the University of New Hampshire, the Office of State
             Planning Coastal Program and the Strafford Regional Planning Commission.

             This study was primarily funded by the Coastal Program at the Office of State Planning.

             Richard Cook, Director of Wetlands and Wildlife, Audubon Society of New Hampshire,
             provided the necessary training and expert assistance throughout the project.

             William B. Bowden, Professor at the University of New Hampshire, gave Wetlands Resource
             Management students the opportunity to volunteer their time to the Coastal project as a class
             assignment. Twenty-two students participated in the project by volunteering their time in
             training, office and field work.

             The New Hampshire Department of Fish and Game and the New Hampshire Natural Heritage
             Inventory provided information regarding threatened and endangered species, public water access
             points, recreational harvest areas and historical points of interest.

             The cooperative nature of this project made a lot of people aware of the predicament of tidal
             marshes and the purpose of the Durham Coastal Method project. This study will lead to the
             protection of tidal marshes in the Town of Durham and will serve as an example for other
             coastal communities to follow.


             Durham Conservation Commission


             David Funk, Chairman
             William Bowden
             Ralph Bristol
             Annmarie Harris
             Deborah Merritt
             Sharon Ossenbruggen
             Theresa Walker
             Diane Woods


             Strafford Re2ional Plannin2 Commission Staff

             Stephen H. Burns, Executive Director
             Kristin M. Riviezzo, Assistant Planner
             Mary Adamo Robertson, Regional Planner











                REPORT FORMAT


                This report contains a description of the methodology and the results of the data collection for
                the Durham Coastal Method project. The results are displayed in various fon-nats, by summary
                tables, by marsh function, by marsh system and evaluation unit, and by the Coastal Method
                options matrix.

                Management recommendations are presented for individual Marsh Systems and Evaluation Units.
                These recommendations are based on (1) Noteworthiness of the area; (2) Recreation and
                Education Potential of the area; .(3) Hazards to the area; and (4) Protection and Restoration
                recommendations.


                An annotated bibliography at the back of this text describes resources which may have been used
                in this study and which will help the Town with subsequent research efforts (these documents
                are available through SRPC).



                PURPOSE


                The Town of Durham has recognized the need to protect their shorelands. It is a goal statement
                in the Durham's 1989 Master Plan, "to protect environmentally sensitive areas in the Town,
                including watersheds, aquifers, coastal shorelines, floodplains and stream banks". The inventory
                and evaluation of salt marshes in Durham is one of the objective to accomplishing that goal.

                This project was initiated by the Town in order to provide information on the functions or
                "values" of tidal marshes to the Conservation Commission, the Planning Board and other Town
                Officials. This information includes red flags for protecting the most valuable of the tidal
                marshes and makes recommendations on sites for recreation and education.


                The intent of this methodology and the resulting data is for the Town to better manage the tidal
                marshes for protection, recreation and education.


                BACKGROUND


                The following includes a brief description of tidal/salt marshes and the values and threats
                associated with them.


                Salt Marsh Fonnation

                There are 131 miles of tidal coastline in New Hampshire. Approximately, 7,500 acres of salt
                marsh are found to exist along the Atlantic coastline and around the Great Bay/Little Bay
                estuarine system. In geologic time, salt marshes are fairly young ecosystems. Developing over









             the last four thousand years, marshes are part of the recolonization of plants and animals
             following the melting of the most recent glacial event. These ecosystems have developed on
             sediment deposits in low-lying coastal waters which are protected from excessive winds, waves
             and currents. Based on the frequency of saltwater flooding, marshes can be divided into two
             classifications, low marsh and high marsh.

             Low marshes are relatively narrow fringes along river and bay shorelines. They develop where
             the surface elevation is below the level of mean high tide and then gently grade upland. As a
             result of their location, low marshes are flooded twice in a twenty-four hour period, once at each
             high tide. Compared to other marsh types, low marshes are more exposed to wind and wave
             ener- and are thus more susceptible to erosive forces. Salt marsh cord grass (S a ina
                 .1y                                                                                   p rt
             alterniflora) is the plant most commonly found in these areas.

             Hio,h marsh areas create a meadow-like appearance with a distinct bank. They typically develop
             at'@t@he point where the surface elevation equals that of the normal high tide mark along small
             indentations in shoreline rivers and bays, inside meanders and in floodplain areas. Unlike low
             marsh, these areas are flooded only several times every other week due to storm tides or spring
             tides. Salt meadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) is the plant species found to dominate these
             marshes.


                     Spartina Alterniflora                        Spartina Patens



















               Source: Tiner, Ralph W. Jr. A Field Guide to Coastal Wetland Plants of the Northeastern United States. 1987.





                                                             3











                 Salt Marsh Values


                 Marshes have succumbed to many forms of use and abuse. Historically, these areas have been
                 looked upon as insect populated wastelands that should be drained, filled or used as dumping
                 grounds for sewage and trash.        As the urbanization of seacoast communities continues to
                 expand, the need for suitable land to construct highways, commercial, industrial and residential
                 housing has been at the cost of tidal marshes. They are particularly vulnerable due to the
                 increasing demand for developable shorefront property.

                 Marshes from a distance may appear to be flat, featureless meadows. In truth, tidal marshes are
                 complex ecosystems, working to protect the shoreland environment by creating a delicate balance
                 between upland and coastal waters. Their values are well documented, but are often unknown
                 by the general public. In general marshes help prevent shoreline erosion by dissipating wave
                 energy and buffering ice damage in the winter, they provide protection from flooding, they
                 improve water quality serving as a "natural treatment" for upland runoff, as well as playing an
                 integral part of the coastal and estuarine food chain providing for a vast fish and wildlife habitat.

                 Marsh destruction has been due largely in part to the lack of knowledge about the ecological and
                 hydrological values these areas hold. It is estimated that since colonial times more than fifty
                 percent of New Hampshire's tidal marshes have already been destroyed. Salt marshes only
                 occupy about 0. 1 percent of the entire area of New Hampshire. This scarcity alone proves they
                 are a valuable resource worthy of protection. Scientists have calculated that it would cost more
                 than $100,000 a year to artificially duplicate the water purification and wildlife propagation
                 provided by a single acre of natural tidal marsh. Much like the phenomenon of the tragedy of
                 the commons, our wetland resources are a "common" potentially open to be exploited by
                 development. The tragedy forms when a community sits back and permits someone to profit
                 from development when society at large will suffer the consequences. One of the greatest
                 assaults against the environment is the destruction of habitats for alternative land use. In the
                 case of wetlands, the impact is always greater than the portion of land that is developed.



                 METHODOLOGY


                 The "Method for the Evaluation and Inventory of Vegetated Tidal Marshes in New Hampshire,
                 otherwise known as the "Coastal Method", was the method used for the inventory and evaluation
                 process in Durham, (published by the Audubon Society).

                 More than twenty University of New Hampshire students volunteered their time to be trained
                 in the Coastal Method in order to complete the inventory and evaluation process for the Town.






                                                                  4









              Inventory Process

              The study area for this project was developed by Audubon Society. National Wetland Inventory
              maps were pieced together and the Marsh Systems outlined for the Town of Durham (see Figure
              1). The Marsh Systems were numbered 1 through 13 from north to south.

              Base maps for individual Marsh Systems were constructed from aerial photos which were taken
              through the 1992 New Hampshire Coastal Mapping Project. These maps are at a scale of V
              equal 200', which provided a reasonably good view of each System and the surrounding area.
              The maps were used to divide each System further into Evaluation Units (EUs), where the flow
              of tidal water was restricted due to the construction of roads, railroads or other fill. The maps
              were also used to determine the acreage of each EU and to outline the area within a 500 foot
              Zone of Influence. Within the Zone of Influence, the number of structures could be determined
              from the map (to be updated with a field check). The maps served as guides in the field and
              were marked up with corrections during the evaluation process.

              Training

              Richard Cook, NH Audubon, trained the volunteers with three hours in the classroom and three
              hours in the field. We offered two different class days, one during the week and one on a
              weekend. Attendance was evenly spit between the two classes. Twenty-four students were
              trained, two Conservation Commissioners and one other Durham resident. All volunteers were
              provided with a copy of the "Coastal Method".        Groups of two volunteers received a packet
              with the base map of the Marsh System, information regarding boat access, how to determine
              if there were threatened or endangered species or historical sites in their assigned area, and the
              data sheets necessary for completing the field evaluation.

              Evaluation Process


              The evaluation is the process of determining the value of the tidal marsh based on an assessment
              of the functions that they perform. The assessment includes chemical, physical and biological
              processes that are important to the vitality of the marshes as well as functions that are important
              to the community.

              The volunteers completed the data sheets from the Coastal Method which include a series of
              questions related to nine different marsh functions. Most questions required the volunteers to
              be at the marsh site in order to be answered. Other questions could be answered in the office
              using maps, historical registers, and other sources of information. The answers collected were
              based on an evaluation criteria of descriptive categories. Each category had a Functional Index
              score ranging from 0. 1 to 1.0. Once all the questions in a function were completed, the scores
              were totaled, and divided by the total number of questions answered. The resulting number is
              referred to as the Average Functional Index or AFI. It is the AFI for each function that is the
              predictor of the present condition of the Marsh System or Evaluation Unit (EU).


                                                               5





                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Figure





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              Below is a list of the nine functions in the evaluation process with a brief explanation. (A
              complete rationale may be found in the Coastal Method Manual.)

              Functions of a Marsh System:

                      1. Ecological Integrity - The extent of human development affecting (a) the marsh and
                      (b) the surrounding upland (500 ft.).

                      2. Shoreline Anchoring - The effectiveness of the marsh in controlling and preventing
                      shoreline erosion.


                      3. Storm Surge Protection - The ability of the marsh to protect surrounding upland from
                      storm surges.

                      4. Wildlife, Finfish, and Shellfish Habitat - The suitability of the marsh as a habitat
                      for those animals typically associated with tidal marshes and the upland border. No
                      single species is emphasized.

                      5. Water Quality Maintenance - The ability of the marsh to improve the quality of the
                      water passing through the marsh.

                      6. Recreation Potential - The potential of the marsh as a site for recreation.
                      Shellfishing, canoeing, hunting and wildlife observation are among the recreational
                      activities that may take place in tidal marshes.

                      7. Aesthetic Quality - The visual sense of the marsh.

                      8. Education Potential - The suitability of the marsh as an outdoor classroom. The
                      presence of different habitats, as well as a range of wildlife and plantlife species are
                      important to educational value of different sites.

                      9. Noteworthiness - Those attributes that are not identified in the previous functions, but
                      may be locally or regionally significant in relation to the wetland presence.

              Verifying the Data

              After the volunteers returned the packets to Strafford Regional Planning Commission (SRPC),
              the data sheets were reviewed and corrected by staff. Audubon Society was asked to verify the
              data as well and provided a number of corrections. This process provided more consistent data
              between Marsh Systems and gave expert clarification on many points.




                                                              7









               Data Base and Mapping

               A data base was developed which included all the functional indices, average functional indices
               and text notes. The data base is set up so that when future evaluations are made, computations
               of AFIs and transfers of dependent data will take place automatically. (Errors were introduced
               into the data when calculating the AFIs or in transferring one score to another data sheet, by
               relying on the data base system for computations and automatic transfers, the level of accuracy
               in the data should increase.)

               The Great Bay Wetland Inventory coverage was transferred by UNH, Complex Systems to
               SRPC. SRPC staff updated the coverage in ARC VIEW 2 to show the Marsh System boundary
               lines and inventory numbers. All of the maps used in this document to show site specific
               information collected from the field work were generated with the Great Bays Wetland coverage.
               To create the maps showing the Marsh Systems in the context of land-use and zoning, these
               coverages of the Town (available at SRPC) were overlayed with the Great Bay Wetland
               coverage.







































                                                              8










              RESULTS OF THE COASTAL METHOD EVALUATION


              Interpreting the Results

              The following tidal marsh information which was gathered through the Coastal Method provides
              a basis for land-use planning decisions to ensure the protection and management of tidal wetland
              resources. The options and recommendations provided are not an attempt to preclude the Town
              from developing site specific plans. The Town of Durham is encouraged to use the information
              gathered through the Coastal Method as well as other available resources or data to create
              management and protection strategies appropriate for their needs. The Town's decisions may
              be based on the current condition of the marsh, the present land-use in the Zone of Influence,
              and/or the Town's policy on future growth in the Zone of Influence.

              Of the 13 Marsh Systems in Durham, nine are unobstructed and four have a tidal flow
              restriction. At the point of restriction, the Marsh System in broken into separate Evaluation
              Units. These four Marsh Systems become eight Evaluation Units. Therefore, there is a total
              of 17 Coastal Method evaluations for the Town of Durham. Evaluation Units are numbered 1
              and 2 within the Marsh System.

              There are two scores which will be referred to throughout the report. The Functional Index
              (FI), 'which is the score given to each question in the data sheets, and the Average Functional
              Index (AFI), which is an average of the sum of the Functional Indices (questions) for a
              particular function. The scores range from a low of 0. 1 to a high of 1.0. For all functions,
              with the exception of Noteworthiness, an AFI greater than 0.6 is good. For the function of
              Noteworthiness, a score greater than 0. 1 is considered good. Marsh Systems, or Evaluation
              Units (EUs) with high scores should be protected to maintain those valued functions. Marsh
              Systems which rate 0.6 or lower on functions (or 0. 1 for Noteworthiness) may need immediate
              action to stop the degradation of the marsh.

              The results of the Coastal Method evaluation are presented in four sections: (1) Summary
              Results, where high and low AFI scores are indicated; (2) Results by Marsh System Functions,
              where scores are presented by the nine functions or values of tidal marshes; (3) Results by
              Marsh Systems and Evaluation Units, where scores are displayed by the individual unit which
              was evaluated; and (4) Results of the Coastal Method Management Options Matrix. Each of
              these formats provide a different way to look at the data. Any one of these formats, or a
              combination, may be useful to portray a given perspective regarding future management of the
              Town's tidal marshes.


              Please take special note before reviewing the results, that System 4 (EUs 1 and 2) should be
              reviewed with some caution. System 4 is a completely degraded tidal marsh system and should
              be referred to as "formerly tidal". However, the volunteers decided to evaluate the System with
              the Coastal Method since it appeared to be a feasible option to reclaim it as a tidal marsh.
              There has also been some discussion in the Town of returning Marsh System 4 to its natural state.


                                                              9









               (1) Summary Tables of Average Functional Indices

               The Coastal Method is called a non-comparative technique because there are too few tidal
               marshes to compromise on any one and therefore the following results formats should not be
               used as a tool to determine "trade- offs". Instead, the results may be used to illustrate where
               there may be problems affecting the entire "Marsh System Environment" in the Town, or to use
               as an example of the value that these resources bring to the community.

               The Summary Tables show the high (Summary Table 1) and low (Summary Table 2) AFI scores
               for each Evaluation Unit by each function of a Marsh System. The high and lows are totaled
               at the bottom of each column and across the rows. This fonnat may be used to indicate how
               healthy the Marsh System Environment is as a whole. There are 81 high scores and 89 low
               scores. The results of the Summary Tables are used throughout the remainder of the report.



































                                                              10





          Summary Table I
                   Town of Durham - Coastal Wetland Average Functional Indices (High Scores)
                                                                      Frolmlical      17C        -
                                                                                        .Olmliral                                           Wildlife, Finfinh
                     Marsh        Evalklation                         1111mllity      1111v!jIlly    Showlitiv         51mill 5111(                     kh         Water 0imlily         Perreallowd          Aesthetic       E(hicational Note-
                    Number         Unit                Actemle        1,.                            AmAmpiml          Pmlocliolf,          and !"hellf            Malidetumce           Po(mitial            Quality         potelfflal       Worthilloss
                                                                      ail A           Valf 11                                               11allitat                                                                                                            >
                                                                      __ I                                                                  L@1_1_1 1                                       0.56                                0.57                [4_28@
                         1              1              14.1        P-00               0.40             0.50                0,50                                       1E, I                                   Mfl
                         1              2              19.5           0:7 :5]       M(7              0=0 -3                0.50             E @11                       0.50                0.34              E@fl              0.38                              +6
                         2              1              2.5                            0.20           =06 -5                0. 10              0.41                                          .0.25              0.59             0.22                              +4
                         2              2              10.0        [K7 :0]            0.40             0.50                0.50             0. =66                      0.43                0.44               0.55             0.34                              +3
                         3              1              20.0        Uil                0.30           0=7 8                 0.43               0.60                    Eifl                  0.55              0=6 6             0.55                  0.10        +4
                         it             1              15.2           0.43            0.30             0.30              L(:) :7 J-5          0.45                      0.37                0.53               0.50             0.51                  0.10        +1
                         4              2              0.3            0.33          0=6 5              0.30                0.55               0.38                      0.10                0.40               0.55             0.58                  0.10        +1
                         5              1              41.0        EHI                0.43           0=7 5                 0.30                                                                                0.58           5@D                     0.10        +6
                         6              1              9.5         UWI              E0               E(:1:7J0              0. 10                                      U@                    0.57              E@E             EiD                     0.10        +7
                         7              1              3.0         U . __00 1         0.15           =07 5                 0.10               0.117                   E@H]                  0.53               0.53             0.38                  0.10        +3
                         8              1              20.0        DHI                0.46           [ =06 3]              0.50               0.59                    Eifl                  0.32              EEI               0.18                Eil           +5
                         9              1              4.7         [1W]             E0               Elid'                 0. 10                                      0=7 0                 0.43              Eil               0.48                  O.io        +6
                      10                1              4.0         E,                 0.53           0=7 8                 0.15               0.47                    0=7 0                 0.26                                0.38                  0.10        +4
                                                                                    LO. 6 5                                                                                                                                     0.38                  0.10        +5
                      11                1              7.0            1                              0=7 5                 0.10               0.117                                         0.53
                      12                1              8.0                                             0.50                0,30                                       LO.7(                                   0=9 5                                   0.82        +8
                                                                   I - =0 0         =08 8                                                   =01 -1                                       [:j@jfl
                      13                1              40.0                         0=6 3            [jH]                  0.30             LO.73]                                       L@E                  Eid             E0                   U@l            +9
                      13                2              10.0                         0=8 8              0.50                0.50               0.59                      0.43                0.37              E@fl              0.31               Elid           +4
                                                       > 0.6                          -1.8             + 1, 1              +J.                -1-8                      +12                 4-3               +11               +4                    +8         +81






        Summary Table 2
               Town of Durham - Coastal Wetland Average Functional Indices (Low Scores)
                 Marsh        Evaluatiou                    Ecological      Ecological     Shoreline       Stollix Stir(      Wildlife, Finfish    Water Quality        Recreational      Aesthetic      Educational Note-
                                              Acreage       integrity        "Ite(pily                                  W,    -.111d Shellfish
                 Number        Uifit                        Pail A           'art 13       Aiichorinq       Protectioll       I fabilat            Mailitelialice        poteutial         Quality        Potontial       worthiness   <= 0.6
                       1            1             14.1         1.00            0.40)       (0.50)                0.50)            771                     0.83              0.56)             0.62           0.57)               0.28 -5
                                    2             19.5         0.75            0.75                                  0)           0.75                 0050                                   0.79                               0.46 -4
                       1                                                                       0.63'          (0.5
                       2            1             2.5          1.00                            0.65                                                       0.70                                             E)                    0.28     -6
                       2            2             10.0         0.70                        (D                                     0.66                 (@D                                                 e                     0.28     -7
                       3            1             20.0         1.00         0030               0.78                            0060                       0.83                                0.66
                       4            1             15.2      (@D_            0030           0010                  0.75
                       4            2             0.3       E)                 0.65                                            0.03 8
                       -5           1             41.0         1.00          GD                0.75                               0.71                    0.83              0.79                             0.79             G@-4
                       6            1             9.5          1.00            1.()()          0.70           0010                0.73                    0.70           e                    0.87           0.79             GD          -3
                       7            1             3.0          1,00          0. IDS            0.75                                                       0.70            0053            S                0.038              (D-7
                       8            1             20.0         1.00         GD                 0.63           GD               e                          0.83                                0.76                               0.28 -5
                       9            1             4.7          1.00            0.63            1.0o           CO DIO              0.67                    0.70                                0.82         (@D                (D-4
                       10           1             4.0          1.00          (D                0.78           e-               e                          0.70                                0.73         0038               S           -6
                       ll           1             7.0          1.00            0.65            0.75           Gp               e                          0.70                                0.66         (@D                (0.1)0      -5

                       12           1             8.0          1.00            0.98                                               0.73                    0.70              0.75              0.95           0.62                0.82     -2
                       13           1             40.0         1.00            0.63            0.75           GD                  0.73                    0.83              0.73              0.87           0.68                0.46     -1
                       13           2             10.0         0.70            0.88                           S__S                                     (D                (S                   0.88         E)                    0.28     .-6
                                         <        0.6          -2                -9                               -1.6            -9                      -5                 -14              -6             -13                 -9       -89









              (2) Results by Marsh Functions

              Graphs 1A through 9 display how the 13 Marsh Systems in Durham rate overall on the nine
              functions of a tidal marsh. The corresponding Tables 1A through 9 show the Functional Index
              for each question making up the function and the overall AFI score. These are useful for
              analyzing why a Marsh System/EU received a particular score. For example, Graph 1A
              indicates that for each second EU the ecological integrity score diminishes. By looking at Table
              1A it can be determined that these scores decrease because of the tidal restriction questions on
              this function. For each function there is a short description of how that function appears to be
              serving the Town of Durham.






































                                                             13








                   Function Graph 1A



                                                  Ecological Integrity
                                                         by Marsh System

                 1.2-


              X



                 0;8 -


              0  0.6-

              LL
              (V 0.4-
              CM
              Cu

              >  0.2


                   0
                         1     2      3      4      5      6      7      8            10     11     12     1'3
                                                            Marsh system
                                                       by Evaluation Units1and 2

                                                                1 Fi 2











               Ecological Integrity of the Marsh System/Evaluation Unit (15 EUs scored high, 2 scored low) -
               All Systems scored high in this function, with the exception of System 4 (which is formerly
               tidal). Ecological Integrity scores are lower for second EUs of a System because a restriction
               to tidal flow receives a lower score.

















                                                                      14



              Ecological Integrity of Evaluation Unit
               Marsh       Evaluation                    % Invasive    Number of        Type of         Ditching on          Average
                                                                       Tidal            Tidal                               Functional
              System        Unit          Acreage        Species       Restrictions     Restriction     EU Surface          Index

                   1           1           14.1           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   1           2           19.5           1.00            0.50           0.50             1.00                  0.75


                   2           1            2.5           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   2           2           10.0           1.00            0.50           0.30             1.00                  0.70


                   3           1           20.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   4           1           15.2           0.10            0.50           0.10             1.00                  0.43


                   4           2            0.3           0.10            0.10           0.10             1.00                  0.33


                   5           1           41.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   6           1            9.5           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   7           1            3.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   8           1           20.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   9           1            4.7           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   10          1            4.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   I 1         1            7.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   12          1            8.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   13          1           40.0           1.00            1.00           1.00             1.00                  1.00


                   13          2           10.0           1.00            0.50           0.30             1.00                  0.70








                    Function Graph 1B



                            Ecological Integrity in 500 Foot Zone of Influence,,,
                                                              by Marsh System


                     1.2-


                  x



                  7v- 0.8-

                  0

                     0.6-

                  LL
                  0  0.4-
                  0)
                  CC

                  >  0.2-
                  <


                      0
                                          3      4      5      6      7      8             10     ill    1'2    13
                                                                Marsh System
                                                           by Evaluation Units I and 2

                                                                  E 1  "2










                  Ecological Integrity of the Zone of Influence (8 EUs scored high, 9 scored low) - Overall, these
                  scores were lower than the Ecological Integrity of the System itself. This is due to the intensity
                  of development within 500 feet of the vegetated tidal marsh. Surprisingly, second EUs scored
                  higher in this function than first Eus. This is because the majority of the development is taking
                  place within the first EU (land closest to the tidal shore). Consideration should be made to
                  discourage development especially along the primary, or first EU.











                                                                     16



                Ecological Integrity of the Zone of Influence
                                                                                                                       % of Border                  Square Footage of               Average
                  Marsh            Evaluation                              Dominant        Ratio of Occupied           with a Woodland/             Roads within I SOFT             Functional
                  System            Unit              Acreage               Land Use       Buildings to EU Area        Idle Land Buffer              of EU                          Index

                     1                 1                14.1                  0.50                 0.10                     0.50                           0.50                     0.40


                     1                 2                19.5                  1.00                 0.50                     0.50                           1.00                     0.75


                     2                 1                  2.5                 0.50                 0.10                     0.10                           0.10                     0.20


                     2                 2                10.0                  0.50                 0.10                     0.50                           0.50                     0.40


                     3                 1                20.0                  0.50                 0.10                     0.10                           0.50                     0.30


                     4                 1                15.2                  0.50                 0.10                     0.50                           0.10                     0.30


                     4                 2                  0.3                 0.50                 1.00                     1.00                           0.10                     0.65


                     5                 1                41.0                  0.10                 0.10                     0.50                           1.00                     0.43


                     6                 1                  9.5                 1.00                 1.00                     1.00                           1.00                     1.00


                     7                 1                  3.0                 0.30                 0.10                     0.10                           0.10                     0.15


                     8                 1                20.0                  0.75                 0.50                     0.50                           0.10                     0.46


                     9                 1                  4.7                 0.50                 0.50                     0.50                           1.00                     0.63


                   10                  1                  4.0                 0.50                 1.00                     0.10                           0.50                     0.53


                   I 1                 1                  7.0                 0.50                 1.00                     0.10                           1.00                     0.65


                   12                  1                  8.0                 1.00                 1.00                     0.50                           1.00                     0.88


                   13                  1                40.0                  0.50                 0.50                     0.50                           1.00                     0.63


                   13                  2                10.0                  1.00                 1.00                     0.50                           1.00                     0.88








                    Function Graph 2




                                                      Shoreline Anchorin
                                                               by Marsh System

                      1.2-


                  x
                  Q


                  '7Z 0.8-

                  t5  0.6-

                  U-
                  Q   0.4-
                  C;)
                  CO
                  L-
                  Q
                  >   0.2 -


                       0
                             1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9      10     11     12     13
                                                                 Marsh system
                                                           by Evaluation Unites 1 and 2
                                                                 I, ZN1   2





                Shoreline Anchoring (11 scored high, 6 scored low)          The AFI scores for this function vary
                slightly across the Systems because of the type of Marsh System and the wetland morphology
                (whether or not there is a bank evident with or without vegetation). This function can not be
                improved through management of the marsh, but the marsh's ability to continue providing this
                function is important for the protection of the surrounding upland.













                                                                     18




                Shoreline Anchoring                                                                               Average
                 Marsh            Evaluation                           Type of               Wetland              Functional
               System              Unit               Acreage          Marsh System                               Index


                     1                  1                 14.1             0.50                0.50                  0.50


                     1                  2                 19.5             0.50                0.75                  0.63


                     2                  1                 2.5              1.00                0.30                  0.65
                                                                                                                                                                                                         ar

                     2                  2                 10.0             0.50                0.50                  0.50


                     3                  1                 20.0             0.65                0.90                  0.78


                     4                  1                 15.2             0.10                0.50                  0.30


                     4                  2                 0.3              0.10                0.50                  0.30


                     5                  1                 41.0             1.00                0.50                  0.75


                     6                  1                 9.5              1.00                0.40                  0.70


                     7                  1                 3.0              1.00                0.50                  0.75


                     8                  1                 20.0             0.50                0.75                  0.63


                     9                  1                 4.7              1.00                1.00                  1.00


                     10                 1                 4.0              0.80                0.75                  0.78


                     I 1                1                 7.0              1.00                0.50                  0.75


                     12                 1                 8.0              0.50                0.50                  0.50


                     13                 1                 40.0             1.00                0.50                  0.75


                     13                 2                 10.0             0.50                0.50                  0.50







                   Function Graph 3




                                                Storm Surge Protection
                                                            by Marsh System

                    0.8-

                 x  0.7-

                    0.6-
                 7E
                 a  0.5-
                 0

                    0.4-
                 LL 0.3-
                 CD
                    0.2-
                 <  0.11       1
                     0      1     1
                            1     2      3     4             6      7     8      9     10     11     12    13
                                                             Marsh System
                                                        by Evaluation Units 1and 2

                                                               0 1 712









                 Storm Surge Protection (1 EU scored high, 16 scored low) - This function is based on acreage
                 and marsh type and like Shoreline Anchoring can not be improved by the management of the
                 marsh. Because most of the Systems are fringe marsh and less than 50 acres, the AFIs for this
                 function are not high, indicating that the Marsh Systems do not perform this function extremely
                 well in Durham.

















                                                                  20




                                      rge Protection
                                                                                                                       Average
                       Marsh           Evaluation                       Acreage of           Type of                  Functional
                      System           Unit               Acreage        Evaluation Unit     Marsh System             Index

                           1                 1               14.1             0.50                0.50                   0.50                                                               OTI


                           1                 2               19.5             0.50                0.50                   0.50


                           2                 1               2.5              0.10                0.10                   0.10


                           2                 2               10.0             0.50                0.50                   0.50


                           3                 1               20.0             0.50                0.35                   0.43


                           4                 1               15.2             0.50                1.00                   0.75


                           4                 2               0.3              0.10                1.00                   0.55


                           5                 1               41.0             0.50                0.10                   0.30


                           6                 1               9.5              0.10                0.10                   0.10


                           7                 1               3.0              0.10                0.10                   0.10


                           8                 1               20.0             0.50                0.50                   0.50


                           9                 1               4.7              0.10                0.10                   0.10


                           10                1               4.0              0.10                0.20                   0.15


                           I 1               1               7.0              0.10                0.10                   0.10


                           12                1               8.0              0.10                0.50                   0.30


                           13                1               40.0             0.50                0.10                   0.30


                           13                2               10.0             0.50                0.50                   0.50








                  Function Graph 4




                                      Wildlife, Finfish & Shellfish Habitat
                                                           by Marsh System                        F.

                    0.8-                                                                               -------7

                x   0.7-

                    0.6-
                ,7u
                a   0.5-
                .2
                    0.4-
                u-  0.3-
                0
                0)
                IT  0.2-
                Q
                <   0.1-


                     0
                           1     2      3      4      5     6      7      8      9     10     11    12     13
                                                             Marsh system
                                                        by Evaluation Units 1and 2

                                                               0 1 ED] 2










               Wildlife, Finfish, Shellfish Habitat (8 EUs score high, 9 scored low) - This function looks fairly
               good across all the Systems. The scores here are improved by the presence of forest or idle
               land. If a reevaluation of the submerged vegetation is done in upcoming years the value may
               increase. The time of year of this evaluation (November) may not have been optimal timing for
               the evaluation of submerged vegetation. However, in some of the evaluations, submerged
               vegetation was identified.











                                                                    22




                  Wildlife, Finfish & Shellfish Habitat
                                                                                     Ecological        Type of           Diversity of     Presence            % of EU Bordered          Proximity to       Average
                    Marsh        Evaluation                      Acreage of          Integrity of      Tidal              Habitat        of Submerged         by Wood, Idle or          Freshwater         Functional
                    System        Unit           Acreage         the EU              the EU            Restriction        Types          Vegetation           Agricultural Land         Wetland            Index

                        1               1            14.1             0.50               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.50                 0.50                    1.00               0.71


                        1               2            19.5             0.50               0.75              0.50             0.50              1.00                 1.00                    1.00               0.75


                        2               1            2.5              0.10               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.10                 0.10                    0.10               0.41


                        2               2            10.0             0.50               0.70              0.30             1.00              0.10                 1.00                    1.00               0.66


                        3               1            20.0             0.50               1.00              1.00             1.00              0.10                 0.50                    0.10               0.60


                        4               1            15.2             0.50               0.43              0.10             0.10              0.50                 0.50                    1.00               0.45


                        4               2            0.3              0.10               0.33              0.10             0.10              0.50                 0.50                    1.00               0.38


                        5               1            41.0             0.50               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.50                 0.50                    1.00               0.71


                        6               1            9.5              0.10               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.50                 1.00                    1.00               0.73


                        7               1            3.0              0.10               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.10                 0.50                    0.10               0.47


                        8               1            20.0             0.50               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.50                 0.50                    0.10               0.59


                        9               1            4.7              0.10               1.00              1.00             0.10              1.00                 0.50                    1.00               0.67


                        10              1            4.0              0.10               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.10                 0.50                    0.10               0.47


                        11              1            7.0              0.10               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.10                 0.50                    0.10               0.47


                        12              1            8.0              0.10               1.00              1.00             0.50              0.50                 1.00                    1.00               0.73


                        13              1            40.0             0.50               1.00              1.00             1.00              0.10                 0.50                    1.00               0.73


                        13              2            10.0             0.50               0.70              0.30             0.50              0.10                 1.00                    1.00               0.59







                   Function Graph 5




                                                                                  nance
                                              Water Quality Mainte
                                                             by Marsh System

                     0.9-

                  x  0.8-
                  (D
                     0.7-

                  z  0.6-
                  C
                  0
                     0.5-

                     0.4
                  U-
                     0.3-
                  Cu
                  "  0.2
                  Cu     -
                  <  0.1-

                       0-
                            1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8      9     10     11     12    13
                                                              Marsh system
                                                         by Evaluation Unites 1 and 2

                                                                   1 1] 2
                                                               L








               Water Quality (12 EUs scored high, 5 scored low) - The AFIs for this function are good overall
                for Durham. The tidal restrictions creating the second EU lowers the AFIs for Water Quality.


















                                                                    24



                  Water Quality Maintenance
                                                                                          Number of              Type of                 Average
                     Marsh           Evaluation                         Acreage of        Tidal                  Tidal                   Functional
                     System           Unit            Acreage           the EU            Restrictions           Restriction              Index

                        1                 1              14.1              0.50              1.00                   1.00                  0.83                                                               02
                                                                                                                                                                                                             C

                        1                 2              19.5              0.50              0.50                   0.50                  0.50


                        2                 1               2.5              0.10              1.00                   1.00                  0.70


                        2                 2              10.0              0.50              0.50                   0.30                  0.43


                        3                 1              20.0              0.50              1.00                   1.00                  0.83


                        4                 1              15.2              0.50              0.50                   0.10                  0.37


                        4                 2               0.3              0.10              0.10                   0.10                  0.10


                        5                 1              41.0              0.50              1.00                   1.00                  0.83


                        6                 1               9.5              0.10              1.00                   1.00                  0.70


                        7                 1               3.0              0.10              1.00                   1.00                  0.70


                        8                 1              20.0              0.50              1.00                   1.00                  0.83


                        9                 1               4.7              0.10              1.00                   1.00                  0.70


                        10                1               4.0              0.10              1.00                   1.00                  0.70


                        11                1               7.0              0.10              1.00                   1.00                  0.70


                        12                1               8.0              0.10              1.00                   1.00                  0.70


                        13                1              40.0              0.50              1.00                   1.00                  0.83


                        13                2              10.0              0.50              0.50                   0.30                  0.43







                    Function Graph 6




                                                     Recreation Potential
                                                              by Marsh System


                     0.9-

                  X  0.8-

                     0.7-

                  -Fa 0.6-
                  0  0.5-

                     0.4-
                  LL
                     0.3-

                     0.2-
                  <  0.1-

                       0 -&
                             1     2      3      4             6'    7      8      9     10     1'1    12     13
                                                               Marsh system
                                                          by Evaluation Unites 1 and 2

                                                                 E1 02











               Recreation Potential (3 EUs scored high, 14 scored low) - Systems with existing trails, picnic
               areas, parking and hunting receive the highest AFIs on this function. All of the Systems have
               canoe access. These scores could improve if the shell beds open for harvest and if trails, board
               walks and/or parking are made available.














                                                                    26



                    Recreation Potential                                                                                                                                           Presence of
                                                                                                                                                Off-Road                           Visitors Center        Average
             Marsh      Evaluation                    Presence of          Waterfowl      Wildlife           Canoe/Boat        Canoe/Boat        Public         Handicap           Trails or              Functional
            System      Unit            Acreage       Shellfish Beds       Hunting        Observation         Passage          Access           Parking         Accessibility      Boardwalks              Index

                    1           1        14.1             0.10             1.00             0.71                 1.00            0.50             1 M               0.10               0.10                0.56


                    1           2        19.5             0.10             0.50             0.75                 1.00            0.10             0.10              0,10               0.10                0.34


                    2           1          2.5            0.10             0.10             0.41                 1.00            0.10             0.10              0.10               0.10                0.25


                    2           2        10.0             0.50             1.00             0.66                 1.00            0.10             0.10              0.10               0.10                0.44


                    3           1        20.0             0.10             0.50             0.60                 1.00            1.00             1.00              0.10               0.10                0.55


                    4           1        15.2             0.10             0.10             0.45                 1.00            1.00             1.00              0.50               0.10                0.53


                    4           2          0.3            0.10             0.50             0.38                 0.50            0.50             1.00              0.10               0.10                0.40


                    5           1        41.0             0.10             1.00             0.71                 1.00            1.00             1.00              1.00               0.50                0.79


                    6           1          9.5            0.10             0.10             0.73                 1.00            1.00             1.00              0.10               0.50                0.57


                    7           1          3.0            0.50             0.10             0.47                 1.00            1.00             1.00              0.10               0.10                0.53


                    8           1        20.0             0.50             0.10             0.59                 1.00            0.10             0.10              0.10               0.10                0.32


                    9           1          4.7            0.50             0.10             0.67                 1.00            0.50             0.50              0.10               0. 10               0.43


                 10             1          4.0            0.10             0.10             0.47                 1.00            0.10             0.10              0.10               0.10                0.26


                 11             1          7.0            1.00             0.10             0.47                 1.00            1.00             0.50              0.10               0.10                0.53


                 12             1          8.0            1.00             0.75             0.73                 1.00            1.00             1.00              0.30               0.25                0.75


                 13             1        40.0             1.00             0.50             0.73                 1.00            1.00             1.00              0.50               0.10                0.73


                 13             2        10.0             0.10             0.10             0.59                 0.50            1.00             0.50              0.10               0.10                0.37







                    Function Graph 7



                                                       I Aesthetic Quality
                                                               by Marsh System

                      1.2-


                  x
                  W


                  -ffi 0.8-
                  C:
                  2
                      0.6-

                  LL
                  G)  0.4-
                  0)


                  >   0.2-
                  <

                       0
                             1      2             14     5i            7      8      9      10     11     12     13
                                                                 Marsh system
                                                           by Evaluation Unites 1 and 2

                                                                     1 El 2











                Aesthetic Quality (11 EUs scored high, 6 scored low)          Surprisingly, Systems 2, 4, 5 and 7
                scored low on this function. Aesthetic Quality is compromised because of the development
                taking place within the Zone of Influence. Noise from traffic on Routes 4 and 108 also reduced
                this function. In Systems 1, 2 and 5, the evaluators noted that odors from the waste water
                treatment plant affected Aesthetic Quality.














                                                                     28



                   _Aesfh_etFc_QiTa1itF
                        Marsh             Evaluation                              Ecological          Wildlife           Land-Use              General                                                Average
                                                              Acreage             Integrity of                           Surrounding           Appearance          Noise            Odors             Functional
                        System             Unit                                  the EU              Observation         the EU                of the EU           Level           Present             Index
                            1                 1                  14.1                 1.00               0.71                0.50                0.50              0.50               0.50              0.62

                            1                 2                  19.5                 0.75               0.75                1.00                1.00              0.50               0.75              0.79

                            2                 t                  2.5                  1,00               0.41                0.50                0.50              0.10               1.00              0.59

                            2                 2                  10.0                 0.70               0.66                0.10                0.75              0.10               1.00              0.55

                            3                 1                  20.0                 1.00               0.60                0.50                0.75              0.10               1.00              0.66

                            4                 1                  15.2                 0.43               0.45                0.50                0.10              0.50               1.00              0.50

                            4                 2                  0.3                  0.33               0.38                1.00                0.10              0.50               1.00              0.55

                            5                 1                  41.0                 1.00               0.71                0.50                0.50              0.25               0.50              0.58
           W                6                 1                  9.5                  1.00               0.73                1.00                1.00              0.50               1.00              0.87

                            7                 1                  3.0                  1.00               0.47                0.50                0.10              0.10               1.00              0.53
                            8                 1                  20.0                 1.00               0.59                0.50                0.50              1.00               1.00              0.76
                            9                 1                  4.7                  1.00               0.67                0.50                O@75              1.00               1.00              0.82
                          10                  1                  4.0                  1.00               0.47                0.75                0.25              0.90               1.00              0.73
                          11                  1                  7.0                  1.00               0.47                0.50                0.50              0.50               1.00              0.66
                          12                  1                  8.0                  1.00               0.73                1.00                1.00              1.00               1.00              0.95

                          13                  1                  40.0                 1.00               0.73                0.50                1.00              1.00               1 M               0.87

                          13                  2                  10.0                 0.70               0.59                1.00                1.00              1.00               1.00              0.88







                   Function Graph 8




                                                   Educational Potential
                                                             by Marsh System

                     0.9-

                 X   0.8-
                 (D
                     0.7-

                     0.6-
                 0   0.5-

                     0.4-
                 LL
                 CD  0.3-
                 0)
                 Ca
                 (D  0.2-
                 <   0.1-

                       0-
                                                                                          F--
                            1      2      3     4      5      6      7      8      19    10     11     1'2   13
                                                               Marsh system
                                                         by Evaluation Unites 1and 2
                                                               ,:M 1    2






               Education Potential (4 EUs scored high, 13 scored low) - Student safety, existing facilities,
               parking and a variety of habitats to observe make Systems 5, 6, 12 and 13.1 the most favorable
               education sites in Durham.



















                                                                    30




                  Educational Potential
                    Marsh        Evaluation                    Wildlife           Presence of Visitors       Proximity to         Off-Road                Student            Handicap           Average
                    System        Unit          Acreage        Observation        Center, Trails or          Other Habitats      Parking for               Safety            Access             Functional
                                                                                  Board Walks                                    School Vehicles                                                 Index


                       1              1           14.1               0.71                0.10                      1.00                1.00                  0.50              0.10              0.57


                       1              2           19.5               0.75                0.10                      0.50                0.75                  0.10              0.10              0.38


                       2              1            2.5               0.41                0.10                      0.50                0.10                  0.10              0.10              0.22


                       2              2           10.0               0.66                0.10                      1.00                0.10                  0.10              0.10              0.34


                       3              1           20.0               0.60                0.10                      1,00                1.00                  0.50              0.10              0.55


                       4              1           15.2               0.45                0.10                      1.00                0.50                  0.50              0.50              0.51


                       4              2            0.3               0.38                0.10                      1.00                1.00                  0.50              0.50              0.58


                       5              1           41.0               0.71                0.50                      1.00                1.00                  1.00              0.50              0.79


                       6              1            9.5               0.73                0.50                      1.00                1.00                  1.00              0.50              0.79


                       7              1            3.0               0.47                0.10                      0.10                1.00                  0.50              0.10              0.38


                       8              1           20.0               0.59                0.10                      0.10                0.10                  0.10              0.10              0.18


                       9              1            4.7               0.67                0.10                      1.00                0.50                  0.50              0.10              0.48


                     10               1            4.0               0.47                0.10                      1.00                0.10                  0.50              0.10              0.38


                     11               1            7.0               0.47                0.10                      1.00                0.10                  0.50              0.10              0.38


                     12               1            8.0               0.73                0.25                      1.00                1.00                  0.50              0.25              0.62


                     13               1           40.0               0.73                0.10                      1.00                1.00                  0.75              0.50              0.68


                     13               2           10.0               0.59                0.10                      0.50                0.50                  0.10              0.10              0.31








                   Function Graph 9



                                                        Noteworthiness
                                                            by Marsh System

                     0.9-

                  x  0.8-

                     0.7-

                  Fa 0.6-
                  C:
                  0
                     0.5-

                     0.4-
                  LL
                  (D 0.3-
                  0)
                  Cu
                  "  0.2-
                  (D

                     0.1-

                      0
                                                                    7'     8'           1'0    11    12     13
                            1            3      4      5
                                                              Marsh system
                                                         by Evaluation Unites 1 and 2
                                                                :0 1, IE::] 2 11





               Noteworthiness (8 EUs scored high, 9 scored low) - Systems 1, 2, 8, 12 and 13 received AFIs
               over 0. 1, which makes them "Noteworthy". These Systems need the highest level of protection
               to ensure that the significant or unique quality which makes the site noteworthy is never
               compromised.














                                                                  32





                                                                                                                                                                                                                11111111111111111W
                   Notewofthiness
                     Marsh            Evaluation                        Habitat for federally       Features of         Contain site of      Tide Marsh in          EU Used as                 Average
                                      Unit               Acreage        threatened or                                   Historical                                  Long Term                  Functional
                     System                                             endangered species          Significance        Significance         Urban Setting          Research Site              Index

                         1                  1               14.1                  1.00                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.28


                         1                  2               19.5                  1.00                  1.00                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.46


                         2                  1               2.5                   0.10                  0.10                0.10                 1.00                     0.10                   0.28


                         2                  2               10.0                  0.10                  0.10                0.10                 1.00                     0.10                   0.28


                         3                  1               20.0                  0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         4                  1               15.2                  0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         4                  2               0.3                   0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         5                  1               41.0                  0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         6                  1               9.5                   0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         7                  1               3.0                   0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         8                  1               20.0                  1.00                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.28


                         9                  1               4.7                   0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         10                 1               4.0                   0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         I 1                1               7.0                   0.10                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.10


                         12                 1               8.0                   1.00                  1.00                1.00                 0.10                     1.00                   0.82


                         13                 1               40.0                  1.00                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     1.00                   0.46


                         13                 2               10.0                  1.00                  0.10                0.10                 0.10                     0.10                   0.28









               (3) Results by Marsh Systems and Evaluation Units

               The following text includes graphs, tables and notes for each Evaluation Unit. Data displayed
               in this format may be useful when dealing with a potential threat which is directed at an
               individual Marsh System or Evaluation Unit, and for specific management plans for each. The
               notes listed in this section were taken in the field by the volunteer evaluators.         Any
               recommendations given in this section have been transferred to the final recommendations
               section of the report.








































                                                            34





         Town of Durham                                                         Coastal Method



                                                                                                                 :]:A::E:@c:o@iogicai integrity Part A
                    Marsh System 1 EU 1                                                                            16 E=logical Integrity Pawt B                     1.00
                                                                                                                                                                     0.40
                                                                                                                    2 Shoreline Anchoring
                                                                                                                                                                     0. s 0-
                 Average Functional Indices                                                                      .-3 Storm Surce Protection                          0. -5 0
                                                                                                                    4  Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat:      0.71
                                                                                                                    -5 Water Quality Maintenance                     0.83
                                                                                                                    6  Recreational Potential                        0.=-
                                                                                                                    7  Aesthetic Cuality                             0.62
                                                                                                                    8  Educational Potential                         0.57..
                                                                                                                    9  Noteworthiness                                0.28








                       0.8'-






                       0.6'

                 C:
                 0




                 L.L

                       0.4



                 <



                       0.2;-






                           0
                                                     1A         1B         2         3        4        5         6        7         8        9
                                                                                     Marsh Functions



                                                                                s Shorel. An                              m Sur s Wild. Finf.
                    a Ecol. Int.                  z Ecol. Int.                                                 i Stor

                    n Water Qu n Recreatio                                      m Aesthetic m Education n Noteworth



                                                                                            35










             MARSH SYSTEM 1 EVALUATION UNIT 1


                               EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


             Ecological Integrity
                   *Potential industrial park development on the west bank, lot is clear cut with a road running through the
                    middle, leaving wetlands unprotected from freshwater overland flow
                   *There are 13 occupied buildings within the EU and Zone of Influence
                   *3600ft of the 8600ft EU perimeter has a woodland buffer
                   *There is approximately 36000sqft of paved road with in 150ft of the EU

             Shoreline Anchoring
                   *Some areas have a more distinct bank than others


             Storm Surge Protection
                   *No Notes


             Wildlife, Finfish, Shellfish Habitat
                   *Habitat types: Tidal flats, shallow pannes, fresh water source, open water, high marsh, low marsh

             Water Quality Maintenance
                   *No Notes


             Recreational Potential
                   *EU accessible and used by hunters
                   *Canoelboat access from Jackson Landing <1 mile west
                   *Off road parking at industrial park site

             Aesthetic Quality
                   *Land use surrounding EU contains few houses, wooded lots, fields and Rte. 4
                   *Moderate noise level from Rte. 4 traffic
                   *Unnatural odors present from the Town of Durham Waste Treatment Facility


             Educational Potential
                   *Other habitats include the river, open land, and upland forest
                   *Off road parking for school buses can be found on the industrial park site
                   *There is a concern for student safety due to the volume and the speed or Rte. 4 traffic


             Noteworthiness
                   *No Notes


             Summary
                   Potential industrial park and residential encroachment seems like the biggest potential hazard for this EU.
                   The east side of the marsh is already developed, somewhat, and the west side appears to be in the early
                   stages of housing development. The road that appears to be for industrial development serves as easy
                   access to the EU. This access could provide for both recreational and educational purposes, its availability
                   is questionable once the parcel of land is developed. Phragmites has been established along Rt. 4 it appears
                   small now, but could spread into the marsh given time. Immediate attention should be taken to prevent
                   this.






                                                      36











              DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
              Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                      *No restrictions, direct outlet to the Oyster River

              Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                      *Less than 5% of the EU is dominated by invasive species (Phragmites australis)

              Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                      *No fill deposition observed at site. From Rt. 4, there must have been some fill from construction, but
                      plant life has been re-established.

              Existing plant community located on fill.
                      *Invaded by terrestrial species on roadside (Phragmites).


              Presence of structures on the fill.
                      *Rte. 4


              Other causes of degradation.
                      *Suburban encroachment, runoff form residential community into the EU, mowing of clear cut industrial
                      lots and runoff from Rte. 4.
















































                                                                37





            Town of Durham                                                        Coastal Method




                                                                                                                    I A  Ecological Integrity Part A                 0.75
                       Marsh System I EU 2                                                                          1 B Ecclogical Integrity Part B                  0.10.
                                                                                                                      2  Shoreline Ananoring                         0.83
                    Average Functional Indices                                                                        3  Storm Surge Protection.                     0. 50
                                                                                                                      4  Wildlife. Finfisr, and SheiffiTh Habitat    0.75
                                                                                                                      5  Water Gualiby Maintenance                   0.50
                                                                                                                      6  Recreationai Potential                      0.34
                                                                                                                      7  Aesthetic Quality                           0.79
                                                                                                                      8  Educational Potential                       0,38:
                                                                                                                      9  Noteworthiness                              0.46









                           0.8-





                    C:
                           0.6-

                    0




                           0.4-

                    (D




                           0.27


                                  L





                                                        1A         1B         2         3       4         5        6        7         8        9
                                                                                        Marsh Functions



                           Ecol. lh-t-.m E-col. Int.                               n Shorel. An----o Storm Sur I Wild. Finf.

                       s Water Qu n Recreatio                                      m Aesthetic a Education s Noteworth




                                                                                              38










               MARSH SYSTEM 1 EVALUATION UNIT 2


                                       EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


               Ecological Integrity
                        *Minimal dammin- effect from the Rte. 4 bridge blocking the marsh from the tide
                                                                            zn
                        *Ditches were seen running East-West to the creek
                        *There are 2 occupied buildings within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                        *2200ft of the 4000ft EU perimeter has a woodland buffer
                        *There is approximately 22600SF of paved surfaces within 150 of the EU

               Shoreline Anchoring
                        *The quality of banks varies throughout the whole EU, most of the EU has no distinct bank at all
                        *A majority of those areas that do have banks are protected by vegetation

               Storm Surge Protection
                        *No Notes


               Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                        *Habitat types: Pannes, high marsh, low marsh, mud flats, fresh water source, fresh water tidal marsh
                        *3000ft of the 4000ft EU perimeter has a woodland OR agricultural buffer

               Water Quality Maintenance
                        *No Notes


               Recreational Potential
                        *EU appeared to be privately owned, an owner designated "Natural Area", no evidence of hunting
                        *Boat/Canoe access from Jackson Landing, >1 mile west of EU
                        *EU only navigable during high tide with a non-powered boat
                        *No good off road public parking; Rte. 4 is very dangerous

               Aesthetic Quality
                        *Moderate noise levels from Rte. 4 traffic
                        *Slight unnatural odors from the Town of Durham Waste Treatment Facility

               Educational Potential
                        *Other habitats include: river, and forest
                        *No safe parkina available for school buses or related vehicles


               Noteworthiness
                        *State's best example of freshwater tidal marsh, containing a plant community rare in NH

               Summary
                        *This EU is not strongly affected by the Rte. 4 bridge. The bridge does not seem to be a significant
                        restriction to water flow into the EU, although, season and spring tides may be restricted. Absence of
                        invasive or terrestrial plants on this salt marsh supports our conclusion that there is adequate flow. On the
                        south east side of the EU is a single eroded embankment. It is adjacent to a residence and on the outside of
                        a stream meander. It is approximately 3 - 5 meters in height.







                                                                    39










                DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                        *One tidal restriction, bridge for Rte. 4. It seems to be adequate for tidal flow.

                Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                        *No significant invasive species observed.

                Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                        *No fill observed at this site. Fill had to be used in the construction of Rte. 4, but plant life has been
                        re-established.


                Existing plant community located on fill.
                        *Terrestrial species have invaded roadside.


                Presence of structures on the fill.
                        *Rte. 4 bridge
                                  I

                Other causes of degradation.
                        *Steep and eroded embankment near residence on south end of EU, near Rte. 4.








































                                                                  40





           Town of Durham                                                                    Coastal Method




                                                                                                                                     I A    cological Integrity Part A
                                                                                                                                                                                         1    1.00;
                       Marsh System 2 EU 1                                                                                           13 Ecological Integrity Part B                           0.20;
                                                                                                                                       2 Shoreline Anchoring                                  0.65;
                    Average Functional Indices                                                                                         3 Storm Surg Protection                                0. 10;'
                                                                                                                                       4 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat,             0.41
                                                                                                                                       5 Water Quali!y Maintenance                            0. 70;
                                                                                                                                       6: Recreaticnal Potential                              0.25 i
                                                                                                                                       7 Aesthetic QualitV                                    0.591
                                                                                                                                       8 @@ducaticnal                                         0. 22
                                                                                                                                                          Patentai
                                                                                                                                       9 Notewcrthiness                                       0.281








                           0.8-



                    x


                           0.6'@




                    LL

                           0.4
                    CU


                    >
                    <
                                    F


                           0.2 L






                               0
                                                             1A           1B           2          3         4          5          6          7          8         9
                                                                                                   Marsh Functions



                       m Ecol. I nt.                      m Ecol. Int.                       s Shorel. An o Storm Sur a Wild. Finf.

                       m Water Qu s Recreatio                                                m Aesthetic a Education n Noteworth



                                                                                                         41










             MARSH SYSTEM 2 EVALUATION UNIT 1


                               EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


             Ecological Integrity
                    *There are 19 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                    *0 of the 3400ft EU perimeter is buffered by woodland
                    *There is approximately 50400SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

             Shoreline Anchoring
                    *No Notes


             Storm Surge Protection
                    *No Notes


             Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                    *Habitat types: Open water, tidal flats, high marsh, low marsh

             Water Quality Maintenance
                    *No Notes


             Recreational Potential
                    *Scatttered sites of shellfish beds; none of recreational value
                    *No boat access on site; Jackson Landing > 1 mile west
                    *No legal parking along Rte. 4
                    *No handicap accessibility to the marsh, but it can be seen from the road

             Aesthetic Quality
                    *Heavy traffic on Rte. 4, land use is predominantly rural residential
                    *Road and housing along the shore detracts the appearance
                    *Some trash found around docks, no invasive species present
                    *Traffic creates a loud noise level
                    *Natural odors only

             Educational Potential
                    *Other habitats: River, forest land
                    *No suitable off road parking for school vehicles, Rte. 4 is very dangerous for students to cross
                    *Walking the marsh we fell into hidden crevasses and holes many times, not recommended for children


             Noteworthiness
                    *Marsh is in a high density area; 19 structures in an almost 3AC setting
             Summary
                    Overall the marsh system has been impacted by close proximity of rural housing, with 16 buildings within
             the Zone of Influence. The EU being so small, the potential and ongoing impact could be considerable. There was
             some chan-es seen along the shoreline like the formation of retaining walls, docks, and water outfalls were noted.
             The EU runs along Rte. 4 , and proves to be a very hazardous area. Also there was a small compost pile near the
             site. Also a rocky bank bordered a large portion of the marsh possibly creating extra runoff in spring (no slowing by
             vegetation).







                                                      42










               DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
               Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                        *No notes


               Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                        *No notes


               Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                        *No notes


               Existing plant community located on fill.
                        *No notes


               Presence of structures on the fill.
                        *No notes


               Other causes of degradation.
                        *No notes


























































                                                                   43






              Town of Durham                                                                   Coastal Method



                                                                                                                                    -TA Ecological integrity Part A
                                                                                                                                                                                              0.70;
                           Marsh System 2 EU 2                                                                                         1 S'Ecoiogical.Integrity Part B                        0.40:
                                                                                                                                         2 Shoreline Anchoring                                0. so;
                       Average Functional Indices                                                                                        3 Stcrm Surge Protecticn
                                                                                                                                                                                              0. 50
                                                                                                                                         4 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat            0.66 i
                                                                                                                                         5 Water Quality Maintenance                          0.43@
                                                                                                                                         6 Recreational Potential                         1   0.44
                                                                                                                                    @7 Aesthetic Quality
                                                                                                                                         8 Educational Potential                          1   0.34 i
                                                                                                                                         9 Noteworthiness                                 i   0.28








                              0.81



                       x



                              0.6-

                       C:
                       0




                              0.4

                       Q)
                       <



                              0.2






                                                                                                                                           A
                                  0@
                                                                 1A          1B           2          3         4          5          6         7           8         9
                                                                                                      Marsh Functions



                           a Ecol. Int.                      a Ecol.            I nt.          n Shorel. An o Storm Sur v Wild. Finf.

                           a Water Qu a Recreatio a Aesthetic a Education z Noteworth
                 L

                                                                                                             44










              MARSH SYSTEM 2 EVALUATION UNIT 2


                                    EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY

              Ecological Integrity
                      *Some cattail (<5%) located near the fresh water source
                      *Water flow through the bridge appeared to be adequate, but water was pooling behind the bridge
                      *Noted heavy traffic on Rte. 4
                      *There are 7 occupied structures in the EU and Zone of Influence
                      *320OFT of the 600OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland
                      *There is approximately 28800SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

              Shoreline Anchoring
                      *No Notes


              Storm Surge Protection
                      *No Notes


              Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                      *No Notes


              Water Quality Maintenance
                      *No Notes


              Recreational Potential
                      *Scattered Oyster and Mussel shellfish beds; Posted closed for harvest
                      *No boat access on site, no safe or legal parking within a 20 minute walk
                      *Closest boat access is Jackson Landing, >I mile west or Hilton Point >I mile east
                      *No handicap accessibility on marsh, but it can be seen from the road

              Aesthetic Quality
                      *Heavy traffic from Rte. 4, creating loud continuous noise
                      *Rte. 4 is the major visual detractor for the maxsh

              Educational Potential
                      *Other habitats: Forest, river
                      *Absolutely no parking for school vehicles
                      *Crossing Rte. 4 is very hazardous especially with a group of students
                      *It is very easy to twist you ankle or even break a leg falling into hidden crevasses and holes in the marsh
                      *Not safe for children to run around on the main part of the marsh

              Noteworthiness
                      *There have been eagle, osprey, and blue heron sightings, but this is not a habitat for these species

              Summary
                      Overall the EU appears to be undisturbed, except for the road (Rte. 4). The EU itself had very little
                      evidence of anyone walking around or disturbing it. No trash was seen in the marsh, only a small amount
                      of debris was seen from the road area. The EU appeared to by in good shape considering its close
                      proximity to the road. The EU is in a dangerous area along Rte. 4 and has no real direct access to the
                      marsh system. This area provides a good aesthetic quality considering its close proximity to rural housing





                                                                45










                         and Rte. 4. The marsh system may also provide a good habitat for a wide diversity of plants and animals.
                         The EU is very nice because it has many habitat types.

                 DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                 Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                         *No notes


                 Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                         *No notes


                 Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                         *No notes


                 Existing plant community located on fill.
                         *No notes


                 Presence of structures on the fill.
                         *No notes


                 Other causes of degradation.
                         *No notes



















































                                                                     46





          Town of Durham                                                                   Coastal Method




                                                                                                                                  I A  EI-1010gical Integrity Part A                     1 M,
                              Marsh System 3                                                                                    -16    Ecclogical Integrity Pan B                        0. 301
                                                                                                                                    2  Snoreline Anchoring                               0, 78 @.    I
                  Average Functional Indices                                                                                        3  S@crm Surge Protection                            0.43i
                                                                                                                                    4  IMI-clife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat          0,60
                                                                                                                                    5  Wa@er Quad Maintenance                            0. 83
                                                                                                                                    6  Recreational Potential                            0.55
                                                                                                                                    7  Aestnetic Quality                                 0.66;
                                                                                                                                    8  Ecucational Potential                             0@55-:
                                                                                                                                    9  NcTeworthiness                                    0.10












                          0.8






                          0.6'-





                   LL

                          0.4-
                    CU


                   <



                          0.2


                              oL
                                                              1A          1B           2          3         4          5           6        7          8          9
                                                                                                   Marsh Functions



                       m Ecol. Int.                      a Ecol. Int.                      n Shorel. An u Storm Sur s Wild. Fint.

                       m Water Qu n Recreatio                                              a Aesthetic m Education m Noteworth



                                                                                                        47










             MARSH SYSTEM 3


                               EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


             Ecological Integrity
                   *Less than 5% of marsh plant community is phragmites
                   *Mix of land-use surrounding the EU including open water, agricultural, residential and highway
                   *There are 9 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                   *340OFT of the 1060OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                   *There are approximately 97200SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

             Shoreline Anchoring
                   *Predominantly meadow marsh with some areas of fringe marsh
                   *There is a moderate grade between the open water and the upland

             Storm Surge Protection
                   *No Notes


             Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                   *Habitat types: Open water, upland islands/penninsulas, high marsh, low marsh, shallow pannes, tidal flats
                   *No evidence of submerged vegetation
                   *480OFT of the 1060OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland, idle land OR agricultural land

             Water Quality Maintenance
                   *No Notes


             Recreational Potential
                   *No shellfish beds found
                   *No signs posted disallowing hunting to occur
                   *Able to walk-in a canoe from parking before Scammel Bridge, beware of tide
                                                              Im

             Aesthetic Quality
                   *Visible land-use is a combination of agriculture, woodland and Rte. 4
                   *Some visible trash, tires, wood debris, bottles, etc.; limited invasion by phragmites
                   *Loud noise from Rte. 4 and Spaulding Turnpike as well as heavy air traffic from Pease

             Educational Potential
                   *Limited parking off road before the Scammel Bridge
                   *Student safety concern due to heavy Rte. 4 traffic and debris hazards; could be avoidable


             Noteworthiness
                   *No Notes


             Summary
                   This system borders Rte. 4 (north side) at the eastern side of Durham near the Scammel Bridge. The
                   system is mainly meadow marsh on its north side, bordered by woodlands and farmland (likely pasture and
                   hay fields). The southside is adjacent to summer camp-like homes and Rte. 4. It is a combination of
                   meadow and narrow fringe marsh. Some Phragmites is encroaching into the area likely caused by
                   freshwater runoff from a paved driveway. This side of the system has a small parking area at Scammel
                   Bridge, but offers a limited view and no access. The northside is open meadow marsh and is essentially in





                                                     48









                        tact. It is bordered by private hay fields and is completely inaccessible, except possibly for hunting
                        purposes.

                DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                        *No notes


                Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                        *No notes


                Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                        *No notes


                Existing plant community located on fill.
                        *No notes


                Presence of structures on the fill.
                        *No notes


                Other causes of degradation.
                        *No notes






















































                                                                       49






            Town of Durham                                                        Coastal Method



                                                                                                                  -@A -=-Evogicai integrity Part A
                                                                                                                                                                    0.43
                      Marsh System 4 EU 1                                                                           1 B Ecological integrity Part 6                 0.30
                                                                                                                      2 S@iorehre Anchoring                         0.30
                    Average Functional Indices                                                                        3. -Qtcr,-n Surqe Protection                  0.75:
                                                                                                                               e
                                                                                                                      4 Wildlif , Finfish and Shellfish Habitat:    0.45
                                                                                                                      5 Water Quality Maintenance                i  0.37
                                                                                                                      6 Recreational Potential                      -0.53
                                                                                                                      TAesthetic Quality                            0. 5 0
                                                                                                                      8 Eciucational Potential                      0.51
                                                                                                                      9 Noteworthiness                              0.10








                          0.8'-



                    x



                          0. 6

                    0




                    ILL
                    0)    0.4


                    <



                          0.2-






                              0
                                                        1A        1B          2        3        4        5         6        7        8        9
                                                                                        Marsh Functions



                       a Ecol. Int.                  m Ecol. Int.                  n Shorel.          An o Storm Sur                         n Wild. F n.
               L
                       m Water Qu n Recreatio                                      m Aesthetic m Education m Noteworth



                                                                                              50





         Town of Durham                                                       Coastal Method




                                                                                                                I A Ecclogicai InTegrity Part A               0.43
                    Marsh System 4 EU 2                                                                         1 B Ecological Integrity Part B               0.30
                                                                                                                 2 Shoreline Anchoring                        0.30
                 Average Functional Indices                                                                      3 Storm Surge Protection                     0.75;
                                                                                                             -,1 Wildlife. Finfish and Shellfish  Habitat     0.45:,
                                                                                                                                                              0.37
                                                                                                                    Wa er Quality Maintenance
                                                                                                                 6 Receational Potential                      0.531
                                                                                                                 7 Aesthetic Quality                          0.501
                                                                                                                 8  Educationai Potential                     0.51 i
                                                                                                                 9 Noteworthiness                             0. 10






                              L











                 x



                        0.6


                                                                                                                      VNE"
                                                                                                                       -Wo
                                                                                                                       O'S"R-P


                 H

                        0.4
                 CU


                 <



                      0. 2






                                                                                  7R,
                           0                                                  ",ii-i-N
                                                    1A         1B         2        3       4         5        6        7        8        9
                                                                                   Marsh Functions



                    m Ecol. Int.                 m                                                                                               d. Finf.

                    n Water Qu n Recreatio a Aesthetic m Education i Noteworth
                                                                                                                               16


                                                                                         51










                MARSH SYSTEM 4


                                      EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMA


                Ecological Integrity
                        *No Notes


                Shoreline Anchoring
                        *No Notes


                Storm Surge Protection
                        *No Notes


                Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                        *No Notes


                Water Quality Maintenance
                        *No Notes


                Recreational Potential
                        *No Notes


                Aesthetic Quality
                        *No Notes


                Educational Potential

                        *No Notes


                Noteworthiness

                        *No Notes


                Summary
                        The values collected are non-applicable for this evaluation unit because of the state of the EU; which is
                        considered Nontidal.


                DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                        *There is one tidal restriction for this area that seems to keep all tidal waters out. Possibly a tidal gate
                        below Rte. 108.


                Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                        *All growth (100%) other than tree dominated banks were of Typha species (cattail).

                Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                        *Approximately a quarter acre of fill coverage, including a bridge, creates a very restrictive tidal flow, if
                        not total, into the area.







                                                                 52








               Existing plant community located on fill.
                       *No notes


               Presence of structures on the fill.
                       *No notes


               Other causes of degradation.
                       *Area is surrounded by residential units which lie upslope of the bank to the pond. This with the
                       accompanyin.- roads create poor water quality runoff.





















































                                                                     53






              Town of Durham                                                                  Coastal Method



                                                                                                                                     1 A iEcolcqical IntegritV Part A                       1.00
                                  Marsh System 5                                                                                     1 B Ecclcgical Integrity Part B                        0.43
                                                                                                                                       2 Shoreline Anchoring
                                                                                                                                                                                       i    0.75 1
                      Average Functional Indices                                                                                       3. Storm Surge Protection                       1    0. 30 1
                                                                                                                                       ,' Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat ,         0.71,
                                                                                                                                       5 Water Quality Maintenance                     i
                                                                                                                                                                                       1    0.83 i
                                                                                                                                       6 Recreational Potential                        1    0.79 @
                                                                                                                                       7'Aesthetic Quality
                                                                                                                                       8 Educational Pot
                                                                                                                                                             ential                         0.79,
                                                                                                                                       9 Nctewcrttiiness                                    0. 10!






                              0.81


                        x



                              0.6-





                       LL
                        a)
                              0.4-



                       <


                              0.217





                                  0
                                                                1A          1B           2          3         4         5          6         7          8          9
                                                                                                    Marsh Functions



                           a Ecol. Int.                      n Ecol. Int.                      n Shorel. An o Storm Sur v Wild. Finf.
                           n Water Qu v Recreatio a Aesthetic m Education v Noteworth



                                                                                                          54










           MARSH SYSTEM 5


                             EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


           Ecological Integrity
                  *There are 48 occupied structures in the EU and the Zone of Influence
                  *900OFT of the 1800OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                  *There are approximately 35200SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

           Shoreline Anchoring
                  *No Notes


           Storm Surge Protection
                  *No Notes


           Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                  *Habitat types: Open water, tidal creek, high marsh, fresh water course, mud flats

           Water Quality Maintenance
                  *No Notes


           Recreational Potential
                  *Boat access from Jackson Landing
                  *Handicap accessibility (somewhat) from Oyster River Bridge

           Aesthetic Quality
                  *Two primary viewing locations: Jackson Landing and Oyster River Bridge (Rte. 108)
                  *Visible land-use is predominantly rural residential, potential to be high density on western edge

           Educational Potential
                  *Other Habitats: River, formerly tidal marsh, forest
                  *Parking at Jackson Landing is safe and accessible

           Noteworthiness
                  *No Notes


           Summary
                  This is a well preserved fringe marsh system that would make an excellent educational site because of boat
                  accessibility and parking. At present the buffer zone is not over developed, but it does have to potential to
                                   0
                  become too densely populated. Zoning should be checked.



           DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
           Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                  *No notes


           Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                  *Much of this EU is a fringe marsh with a large number of mudflats. Most of the land was dominated by
                  Spartina alterniflora and there was a very small and disperse percentage of invasive species (<5%).





                                                    55









                Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                         *Two acres of fill for boat launches and parking lots.

                Existing plant community located on fill.
                         *No plant community present.


                Presence of structures on the fill.
                         *Boat launch and parking lot.

                Other causes of degradation.
                         *Some invasive plant species due to connections to freshwater systems.

















































                                                                   56





         Town of Durham                                                        Coastal Method




                                                                                                                 1 A Ecological Integrity Part A                TOO:
                           Marsh System 6                                                                        1 B Ecolcgica Integrity Part B                 1.00
                                                                                                                                L
                                                                                                                  2  Shorehne Anchoring                         0.70
                 Average Functional Indices                                                                       3  Storm Surge Protection                     0. 10!
                                                                                                                  4  Wildlife. Finfish and Shellfish Habitat    0.73:
                                                                                                                  5  Water Cuality Maintenance                  0.7Y
                                                                                                                  6  qecreational Potentiai                     0.57
                                                                                                                  7  Aesthetic Cuality                          0.87'
                                                                                                                  8  Educational Potential                      0.79
                                                                                                                  9  Ncteworthiness                             0.101






                               L



                       0.8





                       0.67


                 C:

                 LL
                 Q)
                       0.4-



                               L
                 <


                       0.2 L






                          0
                                                     1A         1B         2        -1       4        5        6        7         8        9
                                                                                     Nlarsh Functions



                                                                                     -horel. An L7 S orm Sur s Wil                                 d. Finf.
                    m Ecol. Int.                  i -c-oT -I n t.              vS

                    m Water Qu                    s Recreatio                  m Aesthetic m Education v Noteworth



                                                                                           57










                  MARSH SYSTEM 6


                                         EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


                  Ecological Integrity
                          *Goldenrod, purple loostrife invaded <5% of the plant community
                          *Land-use in Zone of Influence: forest w/ trees >20FT tall, mowed recreational fields, and agriculture
                          *One occupied building in the EU and the Zone of Influence
                          *600OFT of the 680OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                          *There are no paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

                  Shoreline Anchoring
                          *There are a few areas of meadow marsh (by the fresh water source) but it is predominantly fringe marsh
                          * Mostly a distinct bank with vegetation, approximately 10- 15 % did not show protective vegetation
                          *Some erosion in the unve(yetated banks


                  Storm Surge Protection
                          *No Notes


                  Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                          *Habitat types: Open water, high marsh, low marsh, pannes, fresh water source
                          *Fresh water stream runs from the north and enters the EU near the western edge

                  Water Quality Maintenance
                          *No Notes


                  Recreational Potential
                          *No hunting posted
                          *Walk-in access on site (potentially), access also at Jackson Landing <1 mile west

                  Aesthetic Quality
                          *Undisturbed and natural appearance
                          *Moderate noise level ftom Rte. 4 traffic
                          *Natural odors only


                  Educational Potential
                          *Other habitats: Forest, field, bay, river
                          *Safe off road parking on site, surrounded by town park, pulling out onto Rte. 4 can be difficult for buses
                          *Open water is deep, deep hidden parmes in marsh
                          *Unpaved trails could provide handicap access to marsh edge

                  Noteworthiness
                          *Locally historic sight

                  Summary
                          This marsh system is pristine. It supports both high and low marsh plant species. It is an excellent example
                  of tidal marshes for recreation and education purposes. Parking is readily available since it is already established as
                  a Town Park. However, traffic on Rte. 4 is heavy and pulling in and out of the site may be difficult. This marsh
                  system should be carefully watched for any degradation which may occur from future Wagon Hill Development and
                  impacts from park visitors.





                                                                       58










            DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
            Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                   *None


            Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                   *Less than 5% of the EU is dominated by Golden Rod, Purple Loostrife and some scrub shrub.

            Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                   *None


            Existing plant community located on fill.
                   *None


            Presence of structures on the fill.
                   *None


            Other causes of degradation.
                   *No degradation observed.










































                                                         59






            Town of Durham                                                       Coastal Method




                                                                                                                    1A Ecologicai Integrity Part A                 1.001
                             Marsh System 7                                                                         16 Ecological Integrity Part 8                 0. 15:
                                                                                                                     2 Shoreline Anchoring                         0.751
                   Average Functional Indices                                                                        3 Storm Surge Protection                      0. 10 i
                                                                                                                     4 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat     0.471
                                                                                                                     5 Water Qualily Maintenance                   0.701
                                                                                                                     6 Recreational Potential                      0.531
                                                                                                                     7'Aesthetic Quality                           0.53 i
                                                                                                                     8 Educational Potental                        0.38"
                                                                                                                     9 Noteworthiness                              0.101








                         0.8-



                   x
                   a)


                         0.61-

                   0




                   LL

                         0.4


                   >
                   <            L



                         0.2






                             0
                                                       1A        1B         2         3       4         5        6        7        8        9
                                                                                      Marsh Functiom



                       m Ecol. Int.                 s Ecol. Int.                 n Shorel. An Ei Storm Sur v Wild. Finf.

                       n Water Qu m Recreatio s Aesthetic u Education n Noteworth



                                                                                             60










           MARSH SYSTEM 7


                             EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


           Ecological Integrity
                  *Land-use in the Zone of Influence contains heavy-use highway and dense residential, <IAC lots
                  *There are '12 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                  *60OFT of the 480OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                  *There are approximately 61200SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

           Shoreline Anchoring
                  *There is a manmade wall separating the upland from the wetland

           Storm Surge Protection
                  *No Notes


           Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                  *Habitat types: High marsh, tidal flats, open water, low marsh

           Water Quality Maintenance
                  *No Notes


           Recreational Potential
                  *There is a boat launching area at the end of Cedar Point Rd, limited parking there
                  *There is a small off road parking area just before the Scammet Bridge, limited access to marsh though

           Aesthetic Quality
                  *Very limited invasive species, marsh was mainly Spartina alterniflora
                  *There is a lot of trash on most of the marsh, presumably brought in by the tides, big distraction

           Educational Potential
                  *No chance for educational site; all land privately owned and densely populated
                  *Parking off Scammel Bridge is not safest spot for students, Rte. 4 has heavy traffic

           Noteworthiness
                  *No Notes


           Summary
                  This EU is dominated by Spartina afterniflora. However, it is in very poor condition. The marsh is quite
                  narrow and is always tidally influenced. There is a lot of trash throughout it, we assume most has been
                  brought in with the tides. Most of the area along the eastern half of this EU is developed by a residential
                  community, so it seems that it would be difficult to restore the marsh without having a lot of upset
                  homeowners who want to keep their shoreline private and useable. It could be very good to have a group
                  (students?) to take on the job of cleaning up the trash.



           DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
           Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                  *No notes








                                                    61









                 Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                         *There really weren't any invasive species there was mainly Spartina alterniflora.

                 Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                         *No evidence of any fill deposited on the marsh.

                 Existing plant community located on fill.
                         *None


                 Presence of structures on the fill.
                         *None


                 Other causes of degradation.
                         *There is a lot of trash on most of the wetland, presumably brought in by the tides. There may also be
                                                                                   C,
                         runoff from roads along the marsh. Right now there is hardly any invasion by non-native species, but the
                         plants which are there are having a rough time surviving.














































                                                                     62





         Town of Durham                                                         Coastal Method



                                                                                                                     IA. Ecological InteTrity Part A               1.00,
                           Marsh System 8                                                                            1 B Ecclogical Integrity Pan B                0.46
                                                                                                                     2 Shoreline Anchoring                         0.63
                Average Functional Indices                                                                           3 Storm Surge Protection                      0.50
                                                                                                                     4 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat!    0.59
                                                                                                                     5 Water Quality Maintenance                   0.83:
                                                                                                                     6 . Recreational Potental                     0.32,
                                                                                                                     7: Aesthetic Quality                          0.76 i
                                                                                                                     8 Educational Potental
                                                                                                                                                                   0.18!
                                                                                                                                                                   0.28.
                                                                                                                     9 Noteworthiness









                       0.81-



                               L



                       0.61-
                  CU






                 LL

                 CM    0.4-


                               L



                       0.21-







                                                                                            it N
                                                       1A         1B         2         3        4        5           6      7         8        9
                                                                                        Marsh Functions



                    M Ecol. Int.                  n co . nt.                    s Shorel. An o Storm Sur n Wild. Fint.

                    n Water Qu s Recreatio                                      im Aesthetic a Education n Noteworth



                                                                                            63










               MARSH SYSTEM 8


                                     EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMA


               Ecological Integrity
                       *Land-use in the Zone of Influence contains forested land, fields and rural residential use
                       *There are 3 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                       *500OFT of the 1060OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                       *There is approximately '32400SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

               Shoreline Anchoring
                       *Parts of the EU which bordered the river were fringe marsh, overall the marsh was estuarine meadow
                       *In some areas there was a distinct bank; in others there none

               Storm Surge Protection
                       *No Notes


               Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                       *Habitat types: High marsh, low marsh, open water, tidal flats, fresh water source
                                       rD

               Water Quality Maintenance
                       *No Notes


               Recreational Potential
                       *An abundance of ribbed mussels was spotted; does not appear to be a harvested area
                       *Private boat accesses were spotted
                       *No off-road public parking available
                       *No hunting., trapping or fishing signs posted along wooded edges

               Aesthetic Quality
                       *Limited visual detraction by the homes in the area
                       *Only natural sounds predominate and natural odors only

               Educational Potential
                       *No Notes


               Noteworthiness
                       *No Notes


               Summary
                       Mostly meadow marsh, dominated by Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens. It is surrounded by river
                       and privately owned land. One lot adjacent to the marsh is presently for sale. No trespassing, hunting,
                       trapping or fishing signs posted along all wooded edges. Access only by surrounding land owners or by
                       small boat.



               DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POIENTIAL
               Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                       *No tidal restrictions









                                                                64








              Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                       *No invasive species were drawn to our attention. Species composition is mostly Spartina patens and
                       Spartina alterniflora.

              Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                       *No fill on any marsh surface was apparent to us.

              Existing plant community located on fill.
                       *None


              Presence of structures on the fill.
                       *None


              Other causes of degradation.
                       *Homeowners are storing boats on the marsh itself.













































                                                                  65






            Town of Durham                                                       Coastal Method




                                                                                                                   1 A  Ecological Integrity Part A                1.00:
                             Marsh System 9                                                                        1 B  Ecological Integrity Part B                0.63
                                                                                                                     2  Shoreline Anchoring                        1.00
                   Average Functional Indices                                                                        3  Storm Surge Protecton                      0.10
                                                                                                                                                      Habitat!     0.67:
                                                                                                                     4  Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish
                                                                                                                     5  Water Quality Maintenance              i   0. 70!
                                                                                                                     6  Recreational Potential                     0.43 1
                                                                                                                     7  Aesthetic Quality                          0.82!
                                                                                                                     8  Educational Potential                      0.481
                                                                                                                     9  Nctewcrlhiness                             0.10!






                                  !L



                          0.81-



                                                                                                                        ji

                                                                                                                         0


                          0.6-






                          0.4



                                  L
                   <



                          0.2






                              0
                                                        1A         1B         2        3        4        5         6        7        8        9
                                                                                        Marsh Functions



                       m Ecol. Int.                  m Ecol. Int.                 n Shorel. An o Storm Sur i Wi-ld. Finf.

                       sWaterQu oRecreatio mAesthetic imEducation nNoteworth



                                                                                              66









             MARSH SYSTEM 9


                                   EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


             Ecological Integrity
                     *Dominant land-use in the Zone of Influence is agricultural and rural residential lots
                     *There are 17 occupied structures in the EU and the Zone of Influence
                     * I OOOFT of the 820OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land

             Shoreline Anchoring
                     *No Notes


             Storm Surge Protection
                     *No Notes


             Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                     *Habitat types: Open water, low marsh, mud flats

             Water Quality Maintenance
                     *No Notes


             Recreational Potential
                     *No Notes


             Aesthetic Quality
                     *Visual disturbances are location specific, residential development expected to increase


             Educational Potential
                     *Other habitats: River, forest, bay


             Noteworthiness
                     *No Notes


             Summary
                     No Notes


             DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
             Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                     *No tidal restrictions


             Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                     *Species Typha is present, but in negligible numbers (<5%). No area is'dominated'by any invasive
                     species.

             Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                     *No fill observed on the marsh surface.


             Existing plant community located on fill.
                     *None







                                                               67











                 Presence of structures on the fill.
                          *None


                 Other causes of degradation.
                          *Possible effects from the wastewater treatment plant upstream. Currently there is a moderate amount of
                          housing, however there is a lot of home lots for sale and development is expected to increase.


















































                                                                        68







               Town of Durham                                                                  Coastal Method




                                                                                                                                       1 A: Ecological integrity Part A                      1.00
                                 Marsh System 10                                                                                       16 Ecotogical integrity Part B                        0.53  -1
                                                                                                                                   -2; Shoreline Anchoring                                   0.781
                       Average Functional Indices                                                                                   -- 3; Storm Surge Protection                             0. 15 @     i
                                                                                                                                       4-; Wildlife. Finf ish and Shellfish Habitat;-0.47 I
                                                                                                                                       5 1 Water Quality Maintenance                     1   0.701
                                                                                                                                       6   Recreaticnal Potential                            0.261,
                                                                                                                                       7  Aesthetic Quality                                  0.73 i
                                                                                                                                       8 Educational Potential                               0.38 1!
                                                                                                                                       9  Notewortniness                                     0.10 i












                               0.8






                               0.6





                      LL
                               0.41-






                               0.2






                                  0-
                                                                 1A          1B           2          3         4          5            6       7          8          9
                                                                                                      Marsh Functions



                           m Eco 1. 1 nt.                    n                                                                                                               Id. Finf.

                           n Water Qu n Recreatio u Aesthetic m Education z Noteworth



                                                                                                            69











                 MARSH SYSTEM 10


                                      EVALUATOR'S FILED NOTES AND SUMMARY


                 Ecological Integrity
                         *Land-use dominant in the Zone of Influence include rural residential, forested and a buffalo farm
                         *There are 10 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                         *60OFT of the 160OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                         *There are approximately 20400SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

                 Shoreline Anchoring
                         *There is a combination of both meadow and fringe marsh in the EU
                         *Distinct bank evident in some areas, none in others; erosion was seen

                 Storm Surge Protection
                         *No Notes


                 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                         *Habitat types: High marsh, low marsh, open water, tidal flats, shallow pannes, tidal creek
                         * 160OFT of the 420OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland, idle, or agricultural land

                 Water Quality Maintenance
                         *No Notes


                 Recreational Potential
                         *Posted No Hunting
                         *Boat access from Adam's Point, >1 mile south
                         *Land is private residences and a buffalo farm; off road public parking is not easy
                         *No handicap access, no maintained trails, board walks or visitors center present

                 Aesthetic Quality
                         *Dominant land-use surrounding the EU is a combination of residential and agricultural land
                         *Trash is a major visual detractor: rusty nails, bricks, wood debris, broken glass, 3 private piers
                         *Moderate noise levels from frequent airplane and motor boat traffic

                 Educational Potential
                         *Other habitats: Buffalo farm, agriculture, bay
                         *No suitable parking for school vehicles
                         *Trash such as nails, glass, bricks and loose embankments pose student safety hazards

                 Noteworthiness
                         *No Notes


                 Summary
                         Probably one of the quietest areas in Durham. If permission could be obtained, this would be a great
                         education site. Safe for students, no heavily traveled roads in the area. The appearance of the shoreline is,
                         however, very dirty.








                                                                  70











                 DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                 Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                         *No notes


                 Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                         *No notes


                 Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                         *No notes


                 Existing plant community located on fill.
                         *No notes


                 Presence of structures on the fill.
                         *No notes


                 Other causes of degradation.
                         *No notes




















































                                                                    71







             Town of Durham                                                          Coastal Method




                                                                                                                         1 A Ecological @ntegrity Part A                1.M
                             Marsh System 11                                                                             16: Ecological integrity Part B-               0.651
                                                                                                                         2 Shorefine Anchoring                          0. 75'j
                    Average Functional Indices                                                                           3! Storm Surce Protection                  1   0.10!
                                                                                                                         4: Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat 1   0.471
                                                                                                                         5 @ Water Quality Maintenance              i   0.70:
                                                                                                                         6'. Recreaticnai Potential                     0.5T
                                                                                                                         7 Aesthetic Q,,@ahty                       i   0.66i
                                                                                                                         8, Educational Potential                   1   0,381
                                                                                                                         9  Notewoilhiness                              0.101





                           0.8 L






                                                                                                                             POW",
                           0.6

                     0






                     Q)
                           0.4



                    <



                           0.2-






                               01
                                                            1A         1B         2         3        4        5          6       7         8        9
                                                                                            Marsh Functiom



                       !a Ecol. I nt.                  n Ecol. Int.                  n-Shorel. An -,-i Storm ur z Wild. -Finf.

                        m Water Qu z Recreatio a Aesthetic                                                         im Education n Noteworth



                                                                                                   72











                 MARSH SYSTEM 11


                                        EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


                 Ecological Integrity
                          *Northern section was more densely populated than the southern
                          *There are 18 occupied structrues within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                          * 120OFT of the 800OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                          *There is approximately 21600SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of EU

                 Shoreline Anchoring
                          *No Notes


                 Storm Surge Protection
                          *No Notes


                 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                          *Habitat types: Open water, tidal flats, high marsh, low marsh, upland islands and peninsulas
                          *240OFT of the 800OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland, idle, or agricultural land

                 Water Quality Maintenance
                          *No Notes


                 Recreational Potential
                          *According to NHF&G from the cable crossing south to EU border is an approved and open shellfish area
                          *No evidence of hunting, mostly private property with No Trespassing signs posted
                          * It appeared that each property had its own private dock with boats or canoes
                          *Only public access is from Adam's Point, -1/2 mile south

                 Aesthetic Quality
                          *Area is predominantly residential, there was some traffic producing moderate noise
                          *Natural odors only; you could smell the low tide

                 Educational Potential
                          *Other habitats: Bay, field, forest
                          *Adequate parking for school vehicles not found here
                                          zD


                 Note-*-,-orthiness
                          *There were many old homes within the EU, but none were historically registered

                 Summary
                          Mostly privately owned shoreline homes, marsh access is very difficult.

                 DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                 Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                          *No notes


                 Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                          *No notes







                                                                     73










                  Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                          *No notes


                  Existing plant community located on fill.
                          *No notes


                  Presence of structures on the fill.
                          *No notes


                  Other causes of degradation.
                          *No notes





































































                                                                      74







              Town of Durham                                                                    Coastal Method




                                                                                                                                        1 A -Ecological Integrity Part A                        1.00
                                 Marsh System 12                                                                                         18  Ecological Integrity Part B                        0.88;
                                                                                                                                         2   Shoreline Anchcring                                0.50 1
                       Average Functional Indices                                                                                        3   Storm Surge Protection                             0.30;
                                                                                                                                         - Wildlife. Finfish and      Shellfish Habitat;        0. 73 1
                                                                                                                                         5 1 Water Quality Maintenance                          0.701
                                                                                                                                         6   Recreaticnal Potential                         i   0. 75;
                                                                                                                                         7   Aesthetic Quality                                  0.95 i
                                                                                                                                         3 1 Educational Potentiai                              0.62 i
                                                                                                                                         9   Noteworthiness                                     0.82





                                                                                                                                                ITM
                                                                                                                                                  M.
                                                                                                                                             iNMAR-
                                                                                                                                              .,    V,
                                                                                                                                                 MR,



                                                                                                                                               IV'
                               0.8;_






                               0.6-






                               0.4-


                         >
                       <



                               0.2-






                                   0.-
                                                                  1A          1B           2          3         4          5          6          7          8          9
                                                                                                       Marsh Functions




                                                                                                nS
                           a Ecol. Int                        sEco                                      horel. An                  7 Storm ur z Wild. Finf.

                           z Water Qu a Recreatio                                               a Aesthetic                        is Education z Noteworth



                                                                                                              75











                 MARSH SYSTEM 12


                                      EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMAR


                 Ecological Integrity
                         *A very small (<5%) number of invasive species were noted at the most north-west part of the EU
                         *There are 0 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                         * 140OFT of the 500OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                         *There are no paved surfaces within 15OFT of the EU
                         *Two pipe point sources were discovered in the north eastern section

                 Shoreline Anchoring
                         *No Notes


                 Storm Surge Protection
                         *No Notes


                 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                         *Habitat types: High marsh, low marsh, open water, mud flat, tidal creek, fresh water source
                         *320OFT of the 500OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland, idle or agricultural land

                 Water Quality Maintenance
                         *No Notes


                 Recreational Potential
                         *No Huntin- si-ns posted alona roads and Jackson Lab property; spent shells were found in the area
                                   ci '7           c'
                         *Parking and boat access from Adam's Point, <1/2 mile south
                         *Trails do exist, they are clear but not advisable for handicap access, it is not apparent if they are regularly
                          maintained or not


                 Aesthetic Quality
                         *No Notes


                 Educational Potential
                         *Other habitats: Bay, field, forest, ocean
                         *Suitable school vehicle parking at Adam's Point, -10 minute walk to EU

                 Notevvorthiness
                         *EU is a USFWS Wildlife management area


                 Summary
                         This appears to be an essentially healthy marsh. No signs of plant or wildlife degradation is observed other
                         than from the presence of a 100 foot stone wall at the north west end of the marsh system. The wall does
                         not appear to restrict flow, in fact it appears as if the tide is breaking the wall down. Some wildlife species
                         seen are herring gulls, blue heron and several unknown fish species in pannes. Some wreck containing
                         trash was found, however, this is caused by tidal action and did not appear to degrade the system.









                                                                  76










                   DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                   Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                            *No tidal restrictions as defined by the Coastal Method were found. The stone wall, mentioned above,
                            does exist but does not appear to restrict tidal flow.

                   Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                            *Less than 5% of EU is dominated by invasive species. They are found at the upper end of the creek
                            where the salt marsh grades into the upland.

                   Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                            *No fill appears to be deposited on the marsh.

                   Existing plant community located on rill.
                            *No fill


                   Presence of structures on the fill.
                            *None


                   Other causes of degradation.
                            *Two pipes ere found on the north/eastern side of the tidal creek. Both pipes were about 100 feet long and
                            extended across the marsh into the upland. Both pipes were apparently put there a long time ago and their
                            purpose is unknown. One pipe is broken where it enters the creek, a white odorless fluid was flowing out
                            of it. The other ipe didn't seem to give off any odors, neither pipe affected the plant life around them.
                                            p                   Z,
                            Both pipes were buried in about 1 to 2 feet of salt marsh and can only be seen because the tide has caused
                            some erosion around them. Neither pipe seemed to degrade the area.


































                                                                            77







             Town of Durham                                                          Coastal Method




                                                                                                                        1 A: Ecoiogical integrity Part A                  1.m
                       Marsh System 13 EU 1                                                                             1 B i Ecological lnte@rity Part 3                 0. 637
                                                                                                                          2'Sficreline Anc,@oring                         0.75
                     Average Functional Indices                                                                           3 1 Storm Surce Protection                  1   0.30 i
                                                                                                                          4'Wildlife. Finfish and Shellfish Habitat       0.73;
                                                                                                                          5; WaTer Quaiitv Maintenance                    0.83
                                                                                                                          6 1 Recreaticna@ Potential                  1   0.73'
                                                                                                                          TAesthetic Quality                          1   0.87
                                                                                                                          8  Educational Potential                        0.68$
                                                                                                                          9 Noteworthiness                                0.46 j












                            0.8







                     7
                            0.6-
                        6

                      0





                            0.4-



                      <



                            0.2-







                               0
                                                          1A         1B          2         3        4         5        6         7        8         9
                                                                                           Marsh Functions



                                                                                                              n -                                                     inf.
                         m Ecol. Int.                   m Ecol. Int.                  s Shorel. A                       Storm Sur u Wild. F

                         m Water Qu                     n Recreatio                   m Aesthetic                   13 Education n Noteworth



                                                                                                   78










                 MARSH SYSTEM 13 EVALUATION UNIT I


                                         EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMAR
                 Ecological Integrity                                dential
                          *Land-use is a mix of open space and rural resi
                          *There are 12 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                          * I OOOOFT of the 1960OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                          *There is approximately 43200SF of paved surfaces within 15OFT of the EU

                 Shoreline Anchoring
                          *Marsh dominated by S. alterniflora, not a high energy system ... some plant life did not appear healthy
                          *Generally a steep distinct bank

                 Storm Surge Protection
                          *No Notes


                 Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                          *Habitat types: High marsh, low marsh, open water, tidal creek, upland islands/penninsulas, mud flats,
                           fresh water source
                          *No presence of submerged vegetation, saw mostly mud
                           1320OFT of the 1960OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland, idle, or agricultural land
                          *Marsh is connected to Crommet Creek


                 Water Quality Maintenance
                          *No Notes


                 Recreational Potential
                          *Boat access at Adam's Point
                          *Handicap access is visual from road
                          *Jackson Lab is at site, but it doesn't house a "visitors center"

                 Aesthetic Quality
                          *Primary viewinc, from Durham Point Road bridge

                 Educational Potential
                          *Other habitats: Forest, bay
                          *Suitable off road parking at Adam's Point, >20 minute walk- to primary viewing location
                          *No visible student safety hazards

                 Notevvorthiness
                          *Sightings of Great Blue Heron

                 Summary
                          The area that parallels Durham Point Road was largely inaccessible due to steep cliffs and only a few
                          residences. Only a few places were field checked. The best access is probably by boat. The road which
                          connects Adams Point could be considered a tidal restriction of sorts, however, this location is extremely
                          important for the Jackson Marine Laboratory.








                                                                      79











                  DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                  Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                           *The road built for the Jackson Lab borders the system and separates it form adjacent marsh and exposure
                           to the coast. If the road were not there it appears that the bay would flow directly into the marsh system,
                           instead of having to flow around Adams Point. However, for this evaluation, the road was not considered a
                           true tidal restriction.


                  Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                           *We did not detect any invasive species in the EU. The time of year may detract from out ability to do so.

                  Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                           *The marsh appears to have been at least slightly filled for the construction of the road to Jackson Lab, and
                           the boat landing established there. We estimate that approximate that one third (1/3) of an acre of fill was
                           deposited.

                  Existing plant community located on fill.
                           *There is no plant life because it is covered in pavement.

                  Presence of structures on the fill.
                           *The fill is covered by pavement - a road and a boat landing.

                  Other causes of degradation.
                           *No notes
















































                                                                       80






              Town of Durham                                                          Coastal Method



                                                                                                                          1 A @ Ecological Integrity Part A            i  0.70
                       Marsh System 13 EU 2                                                                               1 B; Ecologicai Integrity Part B----            0.88.
                                                                                                                      j   2, Shoreline Anc   .noring                      0.50@
                                                                                                                      L----=-
                                                                                                                      1   3 ! Storm Surge Protection
                     Average Functional Indices                                                                                                                           0.50-
                                                                                                                          CWildlif Finfish and Shellfish      Habitat i   0.5@ 9,
                                                                                                                      1   5 Water Quality Maintenance                  i  06.
                                                                                                                      !.6: Recreational Potentia(                         0.37'
                                                                                                                      1   7! Aesthetic Cuality                            0.88
                                                                                                                          8  Educational Potential                        0.31
                                                                                                                      _9 Noteworthiness                                   0.28










                            U.b




                       x


                            0.6;-






                            OAL                                                          ...



                      <


                            0. 2 L






                                U
                                                           1A         1B          2        3         4        5          6       7          8        9
                                                                                            Marsh Functions




                         s
                                --T-T----s-E-c-6-1. Int.                               s Sho-rel. A-n Ei Storm S-urm Wild. Fiff.-
                            Eco . nt.

                         aWaterQu oRecreatio sAesthetic mEducation nNoteworth



                                                                                                 81











                   MARSH SYSTEM 13 EVALUATION UNIT 2


                                            EVALUATOR'S FIELD NOTES AND SUMMARY


                   Ecological Integrity
                           25
                            *Dominant land-use in the Zone of Influence is forest, fields and open space
                            *There are 0 occupied structures within the EU and the Zone of Influence
                            *320OFT of the 600OFT EU perimeter is buffered by woodland or idle land
                            *There are 10800SF of paved surfaces within 150FT of the EU

                   Shoreline Anchoring
                            *Sighted an abundance of S. alterniflora, but it was cut off from wave energy

                   Storm Surge Protection
                            *No Notes


                   Wildlife, Finfish and Shellfish Habitat
                            *Habitat types: High marsh, low marsh, tidal creek, fresh water source
                            *Marsh is connected to a fresh water source; Crommet Creek

                   Water Quality Maintenance
                            *No Notes


                   Recreational Potential
                            *Site is canoeable, during high tide only
                            *No handicap access

                   Aesthetic Quality
                            *EU appears natural and undisturbed
                            *Natural sounds and natural odors


                   Educational Potential
                            *Other habitats: Forest, fresh water
                            *No good parking for school vehicles
                                 I


                   Noteworthiness
                            *Blue heron have been sighted here

                   Summary
                            This very small segment of tidal meadow marsh was not easily accessible, except by foot over private
                            property, so it would probably not make a very good educational site. However, the presence of the bridge
                            across the EU, Durham Point Road, provides an illustration of the effects of tidal restrictions. This marsh
                            is quiet and otherwise undisturbed. Perhaps one recommendation for restoration purposes would be the
                            reduction of fill on the marsh surface, but it may already be too late.


                   DESCRIPTION OF RESTORATION POTENTIAL
                   Number and type of restrictions between EU and free tidal flow.
                            *The Durham Point Road separates EU I from EU2. A bridge was built across the marsh, and it appears to
                                                                                       tp
                            block some tides from thru flow. It looks as if part of the marsh might have been filled to support the
                            bridge.





                                                                            82










                   Percent of the EU dominated by invasive species.
                            *We did not detect the presence of invasive species in the marsh. Perhaps due to the time of year the study
                                    was done. Our estimate of <5% dominated by invasive species may be a bit too low.

                   Acreage of fill deposited on the marsh surface.
                            *As mentioned above, some fill may have been placed on the surface of the marsh to support the Durham
                            Point Road bridge. If fill was used, it appears to be <1 acre.

                   Existing plant community located on fill.
                            *The fill that may have been placed on the marsh for the road consists mostly of large rocks and boulders.
                            Some grasses (foreign to salt marshes) were growing sparsely among them. The fill did not appear to be
                            dominated by marsh species.

                   Presence of structures on the fill.
                            *The fill was allegedly placed on the marsh for the road that crosses it (Durham Point Road).

                   Other causes of degradation.
                            *No notes





















































                                                                          83










                 (4) Results of the Coastal Method Management Options Matrix.

                 The Coastal Method Manual provides a general framework in which appropriate management
                 and planning decisions can be made based on a combination of AFI scores across various
                 functions. The criteria for each of five management options are listed in the matrix below,
                 Figure 2. Searches were performed on the data base in order to list the Marsh Systems which
                 would fall into Options A through E.        The results of that query and an explanation of
                 Management Options A through E are addressed in this section.

                     Steps to the Coastal Method Manaizement Options

                 Some functions are based on the size and type of marsh, such is the case for Storm Surge
                 Protection and Shoreline Anchoring. Therefore, neither can be improved by management of the
                 marsh. However, the marshes ability to continue providing these functions is important for the
                 protection of the surrounding upland and therefore should be included in the evaluation process.

                 The AFIs for Ecological Integrity (Parts A and B), on the other hand, indicate the effects of
                 human influence on the Evaluation Unit, and therefore implementation of a management plan
                 can improve the functional capacity for these and other functions. With this in mind, the
                 following steps or queries are outlined in the Coastal Method to be used in choosing one of the
                 five management options for Marsh Evaluation Units. (See Summary Tables for a count of the
                 high and low scores on each function.
                  Z@

                 (1) Review the AFIs for Ecological Integrity:

                     Part A. High scores ( > 0. 6) in Ecological Integrity, Part A, indicate the EU is receiving
                     adequate tidal flushing and supporting a natural tidal marsh community; Low scores
                     (< =0.6) indicate a problem with tidal flow which can lead to a degraded EU.

                     Results of the Query:
                     0 Fifteen of the 17 EUs have Ecological Integrity AF[s of greater than 0.6.
                     0 System 4 (both EUs) scored below 0. 6 on this function.

                     Part B. High scores in Ecological Integrity, Part B, indicate the 500 foot Zone of Influence
                     surrounding area of the EU is relatively undisturbed and provides the marsh with some
                     protection against the impacts of human development. Low scores here indicate extensive
                     development around the EU which can lower the value of the marsh for several other
                     functions.


                     Results of the Query:
                     ï¿½ Eight EUs have AFIs greater than 0. 6; EUs 1. 2, 4.2, 6.1, 9.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2.
                     ï¿½ Nine have AFIs less than or equal to 0. 6; EUs 1. 1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 8. 1.
                      10.1.



                                                               84










                     (2) Review of the AFIs for Wildlife Habitat, Water Quality Maintenance, and Aesthetic Quality:

                          Results of the Queries:

                          Wildlife Habitat:
                          0 Eight EUs have AFIs greater than 0. 6; EU 1. 1, 1. 2, 2.2, 5.1, 6.1, 9.1, 12.1, 13. 1.

                          0 Nine EUs have AFIs less than or equal to 0. 6; EU 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 8. 1, 10. 1,
                            11.1, 13.2.

                          Water Quality Maintenance:
                          0 Twelve EUs have AFIs greater than 0.6; EU 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1. 9.1,
                            10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1
                          0 Five EUs have AFIs less than or equal to 0. 6; EU 1. 2, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 13.2.

                          Aesthetic Quality:
                          0 Eleven EUs have AFIs greater than 0.6; EUs 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1,
                            11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2
                          0 Six EUs have AFIs less than or equal to 0. 6; EU 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 7. 1.

                     (3)  A review of the Evaluation Units which fall into the Options categories by the criteria
                          listed in the Management Options Matrix.

                    Figure 2.        Evaluation Unit Management Option Matrix


                           OPTION A                  OPTION B                 OPTION C                  OPTION D                  OPTION E

                        High Ecological           High Ecological           Low Ecological           Low Ecological            Low Ecological
                        Integrity Part A          Integrity Part A          Integrity Part A         Integrity Part A          Integrity Part A

                        High Ecological           Low Ecological            High Ecological          Low Ecological            Low Ecological
                        Integrity Part B          Integrity Part B          Integriq, Part B         Integrity Part B          Integrity Part B

                        High Water                High Water                Low Water                Low Water                 Low Water
                        Quality                   Quality                   Quality                  Quality                   Quality
                        Maintenance               Maintenance               Maintenance              Maintenance               Maintenance


                        High Aesthetic            Low Aesthetic             High Aesthetic           Low Aesthetic             Low Aesthetic
                        Potential                 Potential                 Potential                Potential                 Potential


                        High Wildlife                                                                Low Wildlife              High Wildlife
                        Habitat                                                                      Habitat                   Habitat









                                                                               85










                The following five options provide some suggestions for possible management plans for the
                EUs which met the criteria under that Option.

                  Evaluation Units 6.1, 9.1, 12. 1 and 13. 1 fall under the criteria for Option A.
                  OPTION A: A plan should be developed to ensure future protection of this EU. The
                  Town should investigate the possibility of purchasing or obtaining conservation easements
                  on land in the Zone of Influence. A review of the current zoning and other land-use
                  regulations covering the Zone of Influence should be done and any changes that ensure the
                  continued protection be made. Consideration of a tidal marsh buffer zone will help to
                  maintain high Ecological Integrity and Aesthetic Quality for the EU. The Conservation
                  Commission should carefully review any plan that might affect the flow of fresh or salt
                  water into and out of the EU. This includes road construction or improvement and
                  development in the watershed of the EU.

                  Evaluation Units 2.1, 5. 1 and 7. 1 fall under the criteria for Option B.
                  OPTION B: Continued protection of the tidal flow to the EU is critical to maintaining it's
                  integrity. A review' of those functions that consider the Zone of Influence, Ecological
                  Integrity Part B, Wildlife Habitat, and Aesthetic Quality, and question 6 of the Description
                  of the Restoration Potential should help to identify those upland influences that are affecting
                  the EU. A careful survey of the current use and land-use regulations in the Zone of
                  Influence may reveal a problem which is negatively impacting the EU. If a current activity
                  in the area is leading to the degradation of the EU and the Zone of Influence, a plan to
                  mitigate the effects should be developed. Any changes in land-use regulations that can
                  prevent further use of the Zone of Influence in ways that lead to damage of the EU should
                  be explored.

                  No Evaluation Units fall under the criteria for Option C.
                  OPTION C: If an EU were to fall into this criteria, a further assessment of the possibility
                  of restoring tidal flow should be done including the economic and engineering feasibility of
                  improving or removing the structure restricting the flow. More specific information about
                  the causes of the low Ecological Integrity of the EU should be collected, this may require
                  expertise in wetland science and hydrology. A review of the current land-use regulations
                  covering the Zone of Influence should be done and changes made that ensure the continued
                  protection of this area.

                  Evaluation unit 4.1 fall under the criteria for Option D. (System 4 isformerly tidal.)
                  OPTION D: The management plan for the EU should carefully analyze what steps can be
                  taken that will most directly influence the marsh. If changes in the current use of the Zone
                  of Influence are unrealistic, it may be most effective to try to improve the flow of tidal
                  waters to the EU. This action may have the greatest impact on the most functions. The
                  control or elimination of invasive species present in the marsh will improve the Wildlife
                  Habitat, Aesthetic Quality and Ecological Integrity of the EU. Activities in the Zone of
                  Influence that can be easily changed to lessen the impact on the EU should be considered.


                                                             86










                 No evaluation units fall under the criteria for Option E.
                 OPTION E: If an EU were to fall in this category, consideration would need to be taken in
                 regard to the effect that planned changes would have on the wildlife potential.
                 Implementation of changes that improve Ecological Integrity of the EU while maintaining
                 or improving the Wildlife Habitat are best to consider. However, changes that may
                 negatively impact the current use of the EU by wildlife must be balanced against the
                 improvement in other functions.

               Out of 17 Evaluation Units, eight fell into a Management Options category as described by
               the Coastal Method Manual. In the next section of the report, management recommendations
               are presented for each System which include's the evaluation of recreation and education
               sites, and noteworthiness.






































                                                            87












               MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MARSH SYSTEMS/EVALUATION
               UNITS


               Each Marsh System is presented with management recommendations in the following format:
               (1) Noteworthiness - this is the most important function to be considered in the protection of
               salt marshes and is therefore addressed first; (2) Recreation and Education Potential - this is
               an important resource and has long term value to the Town; (3) Hazards - are identified
               which are affecting the marsh and need to be considered in the protection and restoration of
               the marsh; and finally (4) Protection and Restoration of the EU - these are recommendations
               about the ftiture monitoring and care of the EU which take into consideration the other
               factors provided in (1) through (3).




































                                                           88









               Marsh System 1 (Evaluation Units 1 and 2)

               Noteworthiness: An AFI of .28 in EU 1 and of .46 in EU 2 make both EU's Noteworthy
               In, Tidal Rivers Land Protection Study of the Oyster, Lamprey and Salmon Falls River, the
               authors describe Johnson's Creek as an unspoiled, priority wildlife habitat where the Creek
               winds inland through a succession of low marsh, high marsh, tidal and fresh water wetlands
               to a salthole at Gerrish Brook. It is stated that this area is the State's best example of a fresh
               water tidal marsh, and contains a rare plant community, Eelgrass, which is found along the
               Creek and is an important habitat for fish and wildlife.


                                                      Eelgrass





















               Source: Tiner, Ralph W. Jr. A Field Guide to Coastal Wetland Plants of the Northeastern United States. 1987.


               Recreation/Education Potential:
               This System did not score high in Recreation or Education Potential due to the lack of
               existing facilities and safety. The evaluators noted the availability of parking at the
               "industrial park" which is a Town owned lot cleared and adjacent to the water. The lot is
               zoned office/research and the Town has hopes of develo ing an industrial park there in the
                                                                       p
               future, however, it would be an appropriate site for a visitors center and parking facility with
               linkages from one Marsh System to another. However, odor from the waste treatment plant
               was noted as a problem. See Map 3 for site specific details.

               Hazards:
               Phragmites near Route 4; potential impacts from the industrial park and residential
               development.


                                                             89












                 Protection/Restoration:
                 ï¿½   If development persist along Johnson's Creek, the impact to this rare succession of
                     habitats could be detrimental. Addressing this problem through less intense zoning and a
                     shoreland protection policy will improve and protect this System.

                 ï¿½   This Evaluation Unit should have the highest level of protection because of its
                     Noteworthiness. It is recommended that the System be reevaluated once a year.

                 ï¿½   Plans should be made for the control of invasive species.





































                                                              90








                Marsh System 2 (Evaluation Units 1 and 2)

                Noteworthiness:
                Both EUs making up Marsh System 2 have an AFI of .28, which is significant. According
                to the, Tidal Rivers Land Protection Study of the Oyster, Lamprey and Salmon Falls Rivers,
                "Bunker Creek is a meandering tidal creek bordered by salt marsh, a 100 acre tree farm,
                prime farmland, and the historic Bunker family graveyard. The Town of Durham still holds
                its ancient thatch bed, a rich high marsh near the mouth of Bunker Creek. Rare species have
                been mapped on nearly half the area of the tidal creek, occupying more of the site than the
                sensitive areas located on Johnson Creek. The scenic view upstream from Route 4 is
                enhanced by the rustic barn and pasture. This area is extensively used by herons and
                shorebirds. "


                Recreation/Education Potential:
                This System did not score high in Recreation and Education Potential. As with System 1,
                this is mainly do to the lack of existing facilities such as parking, trails, etc., and unsafe
                access off of Route 4. See Map 4 for site specific details.

                Hazards:
                Residential development encroaching on this System. Some invasive species noted near the
                freshwater source (cattails). EU 1 does not have a woodland or idle land buffer which is
                important to filter/absorb some of the contaminates from the residential development.


                Protection/Restoration:
                0   Evaluation Unit 2.1 falls under the criteria for Option B: Continued protection of the
                    tidal flow to the EU is critical to maintaining it's integrity. A review of those functions
                    that consider the Zone of Influence, Ecological Integrity Part B, Wildlife Habitat, and
                    Aesthetic Quality, and question 6 of the Description of the Restoration Potential should
                    help to identify those upland influences that are affecting the EU. A careful survey of the
                    current use and land-use regulations in the Zone of Influence may reveal a problem
                    which is negatively impacting the EU. If a current activity in the area is leading to the
                    degradation of the EU and the Zone of Influence, a plan to mitigate the effects should be
                    developed. Any changes in land-use regulations that can prevent further use of the Zone
                    of Influence in ways that lead to damage of the EU should be explored.

                0   This System should have the highest level of protection due to its Noteworthiness. It is
                    recommended that the System be reevaluated every year.

                0   A shoreland protection policy and zoning changes should be made to keep development
                    set back from the shore. This Marsh System could be greatly improved by minimizing
                    impacts within the 500 foot Zone of Influence.

                0   Trash clean up will improve the Aesthetic Quality of the area.


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                Marsh System 3

                Noteworthiness:
                This System did not rate high in the Noteworthiness function.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                This System did not rate high in Recreation and Education Potential, again due to lack of
                facilities and poor access. See Map 5 for site specific details.

                Hazards:
                Some pragmites were identified.

                Protection/Restoration:
                ï¿½ The System should be monitored or reevalutated at least every other year.

                ï¿½ Coordination for the care of this System should be arranged with the Madbury
                    Conservation Commission.


                ï¿½ Plans should be made for the control of invasive species.




























                                                             92









               Marsh System 4 (Evaluation Units 1 and 2)

               Tide gates (or flash boards) are located below the Route 108 bridge (placed there by NH
               DOT) which keep the tidal flow and fresh water from mixing. According to Chris Nash
               from the Coastal Program at the Office of State Planning, the impoundment serves to clean
               the bacteria and nutrients from the fresh water stream which flows down from the residential
               development. This impoundment, he believes, works better at removing the non-point
               pollution than a natural salt marsh because constant flooding of the area by tidal waters does
               not allow adequate time for the settlement of the pollutants.

               In the document, Oyster River Non-Point Source Pollution, by Dr. Richard Langan and Dr.
               Stephen Jones, it was noted that the impoundment of water in ponds and marshes appeared to
               have a "positive impact on water quality, resulting in-lower bacterial and nutrient
               concentrations being discharged downstream." These areas in Durham are Mill Pond, above
               the tidal dam (upstream from System 5); the pond behind the tide gate on Beards Creek
               (System 4); and the tidal marsh and freshwater marsh upstream from the mouth of Johnson
               Creek (System 1).

               However, there are conflicting reports on the value of the impoundment. According to the
               "Evaluation of Restorable Salt Marshes in New Hampshire" the one inadequate restriction to
               tidal flow in Durham is between Systems 4 and 5 at Route 108. The recommendation by
               Alan Ammann, the author, is to remove the flashboards and restore over 25 acres of salt
               marsh in the Town of Durham.


               Both points of view, for and against the removal of the flash boards, have valid issues which
               need to be considered. However, these issues can only be addressed at the local level and
               may involve hiring a consultant to perform feasibility and cost/benefit analyses.

               Please keep in mind that this is now a fresh water system and therefore the scoring as a tidal
               marsh does not apply.


               Noteworthiness:
               This System did not rate high in the Noteworthiness ftinction.


               Recreation/Education Potential:
               System 4 did not rate high in Recreation or Education Potential.

               Hazards:
               This System is a completely degraded salt marsh; it is considered "formerly tidal" with only
               fresh water plants evident.





                                                            93












                 Protection/Restoration:
                     System 4 falls under the criteria for Option D: The management plan for this EU should
                     carefully analyze what steps can be taken that will most directly influence the marsh. If
                     changes in the current use of the Zone of Influence are unrealistic, it may be most
                     effective to try to improve the flow of tidal waters to the EU. This action may have the
                     greatest impact on the most functions. The control or elimination of invasive species
                     present in the marsh will improve the Wildlife Habitat, Aesthetic Quality and Ecological
                     Integrity of the EU. Activities in the Zone of Influence that can be easily changed to
                     lessen the impact on the EU should be considered.

                     Controlling the growth within the Zone of Influence and removing the tide gates would
                     improve all of the functions of the wetland. If consideration is given to restoring System
                     4 to salt marsh, a consultant should review all of the issues and present them to the
                     Town with a recommendation. If the Town decides instead to let it remain as a fresh
                     water impoundment, than the area should be evaluated using the New Hampshire Method
                     for fresh water wetland functions.







































                                                              94









                Marsh System 5

                Noteworthiness:
                This System did not rate high in the Noteworthiness function.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                System 5 rated the highest of all Systems for Recreation (.79) and Education (.79) Potential.
                This is primarily due to existing recreation at Jackson Landing and the Shipyard Park.
                According to the Tidal Rivers Land Protection Study of the Oyster, Lamprey and Salmon
                Falls Rivers, "Jackson Landing is one of the best boat ramp areas in the estuary and coupled
                with the shipyard park provide key access to the Oyster River. " It also notes that on the
                eastern border is the Shankhassick Trust which has exceptional scenic views. This System
                has potential for expanded recreation because of existing recreation and its central location.
                See Map 3 for site specific details.


                Hazards:
                Phragmites identified. Encroaching development has affected the Marsh, especially with
                regards to aesthetic quality.


                Protection/Restoration:
                ï¿½    System 5 falls under the criteria for Option B: Continued protection of the tidalflow to
                     the EU is critical to maintaining it's integrity. A review of thosefunctions that consider
                     the Zone of Influence, Ecological Integrity Part B, Wildlife Habitat, and Aesthetic
                     Quality, and question 6 of the Description of the Restoration Potential should help to
                     identify those upland influences that are affecting the EU. A careful survey of the current
                     use and land-use regulations in the Zone of Influence may reveal a problem which is
                     negatively impacting the EU. If a current activity in the area is leading to the
                     degradation of the EU and the Zone of Influence, a plan to mitigate the effects should be
                     developed. Any changes in land-use regulations that can prevent further use of the Zone
                     of Influence in ways that lead to damage of the EU should be explored.

                     Policies should be made which will limit the impact within the 500 foot Zone of
                     Influence of the Marsh System.

                ï¿½    Although this System did not rate high in Noteworthiness, its high Recreation and
                     Education Potential make it considerably valuable to the Town. This System should be
                     monitored or evaluated at least every other year.

                0    Plans should be made for the control of invasive species.






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                 Marsh System 6

                 Noteworthiness:
                 This System did not rate high in the Noteworthiness function. However, it did rate higher in
                 more functions (5) that any other system.

                 Recreation/Education Potential:
                 This site rates as one of the highest for Education Potential (.79). This is because of existing
                 parking and other facilities available to students as well as its proximity to a variety of
                 habitats. Because of its existing parking, recreation and aesthetic quality it would be a
                 preferred location for expanded recreation (System 6 scored low in Recreation Potential
                 because there is no hunting.) See Map 4 for site specific details.


                 Hazards:
                 Invasive plant species were identified, Goldenrod and Purple Loosestrife.

                 Protection/Restoration:
                 ï¿½   System 6 falls under the criteria for Option A: A plan should be developed to ensure
                     future protection of this EU. The Town should investigate the possibility of purchasing
                     or obtaining conservation easements on land in the Zone of Influence. A review of the
                     current zoning and other land-use regulations covering the Zone of Influence should be
                     done and any changes that ensure the continued protection be made. Consideration of a
                     tidal marsh buffer zone will help to maintain high Ecological Integrity and Aesthetic
                     Quality for the EU. The Conservation Commission should carefully review any plan that
                     might affect the flow offiresh or salt water into and out of the EU. This includes road
                     construction or improvement and development in the watershed of the EU.

                     This means that the Town should consider protecting this System to the fullest extent
                     because of the functional values it serves to the Town. Land parcels should be reviewed
                     for possible protective conservation methods such as easements, or deed restrictions.

                 ï¿½   Because of the value of this System to the Town, and the plan to develop the area for
                     more intense recreation, this System should be monitored or reevaluated at least once a
                     year.


                 ï¿½   Plans should be made for the control of invasive species.









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                Marsh System 7

                Noteworthiness:
                System 7 did not score high in the Noteworthiness function.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                System 7 did not score high in Recreation or Education Potential. A small boat launch area
                exists but since this is such a small System expanded recreation or an education site are not
                recommended. See Map 5 for site specific details.

                Hazards:
                Invasive species were identified. The area surrounding this System is fairly intense
                residential development. The System scored low in general appearance and high in noise
                level which attributed to a low score in Aesthetic Quality. Within the Zone of Influence of
                this System the development is too intense to not adversely affect such a small System (3
                acres).


                Protection/Restoration:
                0    System 7 falls under the criteria for Option B: Continued protection of the tidalflow to
                     the EU is critical to maintaining it's integrity. A review of thosefunctions that consider
                     the Zone of Influence, Ecological Integrity Pan B, Wildlife Habitat, and Aesthetic
                     Quality, and question 6 of the Description of the Restoration Potential should help to
                     identify those upland influences that are affecting the EU. A careful survey of the current
                     use and land-use regulations in the Zone of Influence may reveal a problem which is
                     negatively impacting the EU. If a current activity in the area is leading to the
                     degradation of the EU and the Zone of Influence, a plan to mitigate the effects should be
                     developed. Any changes in land-use regulations that can prevent further use of the Zone
                     of Influence in ways that lead to damage of the EU should be explored.

                     Better land management practices within the Zone of Influence will improve the
                     functions of the System.

                0    Monitoring or reevaluating the System at least every other year is recommended.

                0    Trash pick-up should be arranged.

                0    Plans should be made for the control of invasive species.









                                                               97









                Marsh System 8

                Noteworthiness:
                This is a Noteworthy System, with an AFI of .28, because it is a habitat for federally
                threatened or endangered species.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                The System did not rate high in Recreation or Education Potential and the evaluators made
                no recommendations for recreation or education sites in the area. See Map 4 for site specific
                details.


                Hazards:
                None were identified.


                Protection/Restoration:
                ï¿½   Due to the System's Noteworthiness, it should receive the highest level of protection and
                    be reevaluated once a year.

                ï¿½   There is development in this area but it does not seem to have greatly affected this
                    Marsh System. However, this area has the potential to become more densely developed
                    in the near future and therefore the Town should maintain a strong shoreland/wetlands
                    protection ordinance to protect the marsh.
























                                                             98









                Marsh System 9

                Noteworthiness:
                This System did not rate high in Noteworthiness. However, it is important to note that the,
                Tidal Rivers Land Protection Study of the Oyster, Lamprey and Salmon Falls Rivers,
                mentioned the area as being meticulously maintained in its rural character and scenic beauty
                which is important to the quality of life in Durham.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                System 9 did not rate high for either Recreation or Education Potential (no hunting allowed
                lowers the score for Recreation Potential). See Map 6 for site specific details.


                Hazards:
                Some invasive species were identified.

                Protection/Restoration:
                ï¿½   This System falls under the criteria for Option A: A plan should be developed to ensure
                    future protection of this EU. The Town should investigate the possibility of purchasing
                    or obtaining conservation easements on land in the Zone of Influence. A review of the
                    current zoning and other land-use regulations covering the Zone of Influence should be
                    done and any changes that ensure the continued protection be made. Consideration of a
                    tidal marsh buffer zone will help to maintain high Ecological Integrity and Aesthetic
                    Quality for the EU. The Conservation Commission should carefull review any plan that
                    might affect the flow offiresh or salt water into and out of the EU. This includes road
                    construction or improvement and development in the watershed of the EU.

                    The System scored high in the majority of the functions. Protecting these functions may
                    be provided by land conservation measures such as easements, deed restrictions and
                    policy changes in zoning and shoreland protection which should be pursued by the
                    Town.


                ï¿½   It is recommended that this System be monitored or reevaluated at least every other year.

                9   Plans should be made for the control of invasive species.











                                                             99









                Marsh System 10

                Noteworthiness:
                System 10 did not rate high in Noteworthiness.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                This System rated high in Aesthetic Quality and the evaluators believed that it would make a
                good Education and Recreation site because of this. However, the lack of existing recreation
                trails and other infrastructure made the potential for recreation or education low. See Map 6
                for site specific details.

                Hazards:
                Trash was identified as a small problem.

                Protection/Restoration:
                ï¿½ Monitoring or reevaluation is recommended to take place at least every other year.

                ï¿½   Trash clean-up at this site should be arranged.






























                                                             100









                Marsh System 11

                Noteworthiness:
                This System did not rate high in Noteworthiness.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                System 11 did not score high in Recreation or Education Potential. However, there are
                approved shellfish beds, canoe/boat access and passage which can be maintained or
                developed to be used in conjunction with Systems 12 and 13 (Adams Point). See Maps 7
                and 8 for site specific details.

                Hazards:
                Development within the 500 foot Zone of Influence.


                Protection/Restoration:
                0   Overall the scores for this System are relatively good. Protection of the area
                    surrounding the System, by land use regulations, etc., will ensure its value as a Marsh
                    System to the Town. This is especially important since System 11 abuts Systems 12 and
                    13, which are valuable Town resources for recreation, education, wildlife habitat and
                    aesthetics.


                0   It is recommended that monitoring or reevaluation take place at least every other year.
























                                                            101









                Marsh System 12

                Noteworthiness:
                System 12 rates high in Noteworthiness for being (1) a habitat for threatened and endangered
                species, (2) for being a US Fish and Wildlife Service Management Area, (3) for being part
                of the Oyster River Plantation and (4) for being a site for long term research at Jackson
                Laboratory.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                System 12 rates high in Recreation and Education Potential (.75 and .62 respectively). The
                Town of Durham and Jackson Laboratory should consider developing the area more
                extensively for education and recreation. See Map 8 for site specific details.


                Hazards:
                Some invasive plant species were identified.


                Protection/Restoration:
                ï¿½ System 12 falls under the criteria for Option A: A plan should be developed to ensure
                     future protection of this EU. The Town should investigate the possibility of purchasing
                     or obtaining conservation easements on land in the Zone of Influence. A review of the
                     current zoning and other land-use regulations covering the Zone of Influence should be
                     done and any changes that ensure the continued protection be made. Consideration of a
                     tidal marsh buffer zone will help to maintain high Ecological Integrity and Aesthetic
                     Quality for the EU. The Conservation Commission should carefull
                                                                                      Y review any plan that
                     might affect the flow offresh or salt water into and out of the EU. This includes road
                     construction or improvement and development in the watershed of the EU.

                     Conservation easements and other land use protection measures should be considered to
                     protect this System.

                ï¿½    Due to its Noteworthiness, this System should be monitored or reevaluated at least once
                     a year.


                ï¿½    Plans should be made for the control of invasive species.












                                                             102









                Marsh System 13 (Evaluation Units 1 and 2)

                Noteworthiness:
                Both Evaluation Units scored high in Noteworthiness. The area is a site for long-term
                research at Jackson Laboratory. Evaluation Unit 13.1 is a site for threatened and endangered
                species.

                Recreation/Education Potential:
                This would made an excellent site for a small visitors center maintained by both the Town of
                Durham and Jackson Laboratory, which could serve as an education and recreation
                information center. See Map 8 for site specific details.

                Hazards:
                At Evaluation Unit 13.2 the evaluators identified invasive species and scored the culvert as
                slightly less than adequate for tidal flow (3). However, in the Evaluation of Restorable Salt
                Marshes in New Hampshire, the restriction between the Evaluation Units was evaluated as
                adequate.


                Protection/Restoration:
                0    System 13 (both Evaluation Units) fall under the criteria for Option A: A plan should
                     be developed to ensure future protection of this EU. The Town should investigate the
                     possibility of purchasing or obtaining conservation easements on land in the Zone of
                     Influence. A review of the current zoning and other land-use regulations covering the
                     Zone of Influence should be done and any changes that ensure the continued protection
                     be made. Consideration of a tidal marsh buffer zone will help to maintain high
                     Ecological Integrity and Aesthetic Quality for the EU. The Conservation Commission
                     should carefully review any plan that might affect the flow offiresh or salt water into and
                     out of the EU. This includes road construction or improvement and develo ment in the
                                                                                                 V
                     watershed of the EU.

                     Meaning purchasing land parcels, easements, deed restrictions, policy changes such as
                     shoreland protection and zoning should be considered to protect the integrity of the area.

                0    Because of the System's Noteworthiness value, reevaluation should take place at least
                     once a year.


                0    At Evaluation Unit 13.2 a plan should be made for the control of invasive species.

                0    Evaluators also recommended a reduction of the fill on this EU.








                                                               103












                     ANNOTATED BEBLIOGRAPHY


                     Armstrong, J. et al. 1974. Coastal Zone Management: The Process of Program Developme
                     Coastal Zone Management Institute. Sandwich, Massachusetts.

                     In 1972 The Coastal Zone Management Act was enacted. This legislation called for several coastal states, including
                     New Hampshire, to develop coastal resources management programs which will provide for wise and effective
                     management of the nation's valuable coastal areas. The document provides an in depth discussion on various
                     elements of the Act as well as an analysis of the key factors involved in fortring a management program. Even
                     though the focus of discussion is based on the formation of a state program, there are various issues that are equally
                     important to the Town of Durham in addressing the protection of their tidal wetlands. Factors to consider include:
                     determining land and water uses to be assessed for impact on coastal environments, inventory of existing land and
                     water uses, and analysis of existing comprehensive plans for coastal zones. A partial listing of associated problems
                     to be considered when protecting coastal systems includes the following:
                              ESTUARY WATERSHED: groundwater or stream pollution, estuary water quality and effects on biota,
                              groundwater or stream water flows, estuary and wetland salinity and effects on biota, stream sediment
                              loads, estuary sedimentation, deposition of beach materials on estuary, direct discharge of wastewater into
                              estuary from all sources.
                              POPULATIONS OF SPORT AND COMMERCIAL SPECIES: degradation of coastal streams and size of
                              anadromous fish populations, degradation of estuarine habitats and size of waterfowl, wildlife, and fish
                              populations, harvesting of commercial or sport species and maintenance of a sustained yield population and
                              food web
                              PUBLIC SERVICES: land use within sewage/water services district and the capacity of those systems, land
                              use within highway service area and highway congestion
                              PRIORITY USES:
                                       *areas that are unique, fragile or vulnerable
                                                High - scientific, educational, recreational
                                                Low - intensive public recreation, residential
                                       *areas of high natural productivity or essential habitat
                                                High - fish and wildlife refuge, fishing
                                                Low - refineries, warehouses, power plants, residences on fill
                                       *areas of substantial recreational value
                                                High - public beach, resort development
                                                Low - pulp mills, steel plants, sand and gravel extraction
                                       *areas of urban concentration where uses are highly competitive
                                                High - those uses which reduce conflicts
                                                Low - those uses which maintain or increase conflicts
                                       *areas of significant hazard if developed
                                                High - park, agriculture
                                                Low - residential developments, schools, hospitals
                                       *areas needed to protect, maintain or replenish coastal lands/resources
                                                High - agriculture, recreation, scientific and educational reserves, refuges
                                                Low - solid waste disposal

                     Breeding, C.H.J., F.D. Richardson and S.A.L. Pilgrim. 1974. Soil Survey of New Hampshire
                     Tidal Marshes. Research Rep. no. 40. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station.
                     University of New Hampshire, Durham. 94pp.

                     Historically tidal marshes provided valuable hay and pasturage to farms, even today fine salt meadow grass (S.


                                                                              104











                    patens) is cut, cured and sold as salt hay for livestock feed. There are three important qualities of NH's tidal soils
                    that address the limitations of their use.
                              (1) daily flooding
                              (2) inability to support heavy loads such as roads and structures
                              (3) release of sulfur (acid form) after prolonged exposure to air has the potential to corrode metal and
                                       concrete materials
                    Because of these issues these soils are best suited for limited recreational use and as a natural habitat. There is a
                    very specific vegetal cover that grows in tidal marsh soils. Spartina. alterniflora is the first species to colonize the
                    intertidal zone. Soil moisture, nutrient availability and salinity are all influences. As the surface of the marsh rises
                    the S. alterniflora is replaced by Spartina patens, this replacement is often gradual with the two species growing
                    together. Neither will grow in areas of continuous soil saturation or standing water. The tidal soils found in the
                    publication's study area along the Oyster River and Little Bay include: Typic Sulfihemist (397), Terrific Sulf1hemist
                    (597) and Sulfihemist (997).
                              397 - This soil is characterized as organic material thicker than 50 inches. The periodic flooding, slow
                    internal drainage and sulfide content are the principal problems to management; these three issues combined with
                    low bearing strength present severe limitations to its use for community development. The soil is well suited to
                    wetland habitat development.
                              597 - This soil is characterized as organic materials 16 to 50 inches thick overlying silty materials. This
                    soil has properties that make it unfavorable for community and recreational development uses, it is not suitable for
                    farming. It is well adapted for use as wetland wildlife habitat development. Dominant natural vegetation is S. patens
                    on the high marsh and S. alterniflora on the intertidal marsh,
                              997 - This soil is characterized as a surface soil with low salt, organic materials thicker than 50 inches or
                    16 to 50 inches thick overlying sandy or silty materials. The slow internal drainage, a very high water table,
                    presence of sulfitic materials and periodic flooding are major problems with this soil type. Further restrictions are
                    its long narrow shape and small size. The soil has little or no value for farming and will not support forest tree
                    growth. It is well suited to wildlife habitat development. Dominant natural vegetation includes S. alterniflora,
                    (intertidal) and S. patens (high marsh).

                    Comprehensive Planning, New Hampshire Office of. 1975. New Hampshire Coastal Resources:
                    A Summaly.


                    This packet contains information gathered from the Coastal Zone Study initiated by the original Coastal Resources
                    Management Program in 1974. There are four maps on which this information is represented. The first map defines
                    the Coastal Zone Boundaries, According to this map the study area for the Durham Coastal Wetlands project is
                    considered to be a Primary Zone, which is approximately 17% of Durham's area. The Primary Zone is defined as
                    all tidally influenced waters from either the mean high watermark or landward edge of a salt marsh to either the
                    first 20FT elevation contour or a distance of 100OFT which ever is furthest. The remaining 83 % of Durham is in
                    the Secondary Zone. The second map describes the Land/Water Use and Vegetative Cover. More than half of the
                    land adjacent to the Oyster River,at the time the map was created, is predominantly agriculture and abandoned land,
                    only a few sections of residential development exist. The third map highlights Areas of Particular Concern. Land
                    adjacent to the Oyster River was designated for floodplain concerns. The land adjacent to Little Bay was also a
                    concern because of its steep slopes as well as the location of various shellfish beds. The fourth map is a Land and
                    Water Capability map which identifies, in summary, the natural ability of land and waters to sustain development.
                    In general the land capability for the study area is rated as fair to poor due to the existence of floodplain, wetlands,
                    seasonably wet soils and steep slopes. There are a few areas that are rated a little different: (1) a small parcel at
                    Durham Point is rated as good, (2) a section of land on both sides if Horsehide Brook is rated as excellent and (3)
                    the area along Rte. 108 by Jacksons Landing is coded as existing urban. In terms of water capability, the water in
                    Little Bay and the mouth of the Oyster River are rated as fair, meaning water depth, bridges, and currents restrict
                    boat activity to recreation and small commercial activity and overall development potential is fair. Moving further
                    inland, the head waters of the Oyster River and the water beyond Adams Point were rated as poor, meaning this


                                                                              105












                       area is quite sensitive to intrusions by man. Existing water uses are of low intensity and overall development
                       potential is classified as poor.

                       Cook, R.A., A.J. Lindley Stone and A.P. Ammann, 1993. Method for the Evaluation and
                       InventoKy of Vegetated Tidal Marshes in New Hagipshire. Published by the Audubon Society
                       of New Hampshire.

                       Cowardin, L. et al. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
                       States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.


                       Defines a classification of wetlands in a hierarchical form consisting of system, subsystems, classes and subclasses.
                       For our purposes the classification we follow is:
                                 Estuarine
                                           Subtidal
                                                    Rock Bottom
                                                    Unconsolidated Bottom
                                                    Aquatic Bed
                                                    Reef
                                           Intertidal
                                                    Aquatic Bed
                                                    Reef
                                                    Stream Bed
                                                    Rocky Shore
                                                    Unconsolidated Shore
                                                    Emergent Wetland
                                                    Scrub-shrub Wetland
                                                    Forested Wetland


                       Environmental Services, New Hampshire Department of. 1994. Lamprey River Management
                       Plan - DRAFT.


                       This management plan creates a framework for successful long-term use and protection of the Lamprey River.
                       Recognizing that the river is an important community resource, the plan addresses five aspects of the river's ecology
                       and outlines a strategy of management and protection elements that each community along the river shore should
                       enforced.


                       Jones, S.H. and R. Langan. 1994. Land Use Impacts on NoLipoint Source Pollution in Coastal
                       New Halppshire Watersheds. Final Report to the New Hampshire Coastal Program, Report no.
                       200. NH Office of State Planning. Concord, New Hampshire.

                       The Oyster River Watershed was selected as a model to develop an effective system of assessing potential nonpoint
                       source pollution problems. The study concentrated on the tidal area of the main river and in two small watersheds,
                       Johnson Creek and Beards Creek. Jones and Langan claim that the results of baseline water quality data suggest
                       that Beard's Creek and the freshwater portion of the Oyster River are both relatively contaminated compared to the
                       well-mixed estuarine water at the mouth of the Oyster River. In addition to the point source nutrient loading from
                       the sewage treatment plant in the tidal portion of the Oyster River, sample data indicated that there are other sources
                       in the river as well. Johnson Creek appears to be the largest source of these dissolved nutrients and bacterial
                       indicators. Upon completion of a land use impact assessment study in the Johnson Creek watershed, the primary


                                                                                    106











                    land use and possible contaminant sources identified were private sewage disposal systems associated with residential
                    development. Water sampling revealed that contaminant levels were relatively low at the mouth of the Creek
                    compared to upstream sites. The authors indicate that the extensive salt marsh at the mouth of the Creek may
                    influence the contaminant levels. Sampling along the length of the marsh suggest that the mixing of freshwater with
                    low salinity water could induce the sedimentation of these particle bound contaminants.

                    Jones, S.H. and R. Langan. June 1993. Oyster River Noppoint Source Pollution Assessment.
                    Final Report to the New Hampshire Coastal Program, Report no. 163, NH Office of State
                    Planning. Concord, New Hampshire.

                    This study made an assessment of nonpoint source pollution in the Oyster River watershed. Emphasis was made
                    on the tidal portion of the river and the tributaries that empty directly into the tidal river. Their findings are
                    summarized as the following;
                              ebacterial and nutrient levels in the tidal area were as high or higher than recent measurements made in
                              other tidal rivers in the Great Bay Estuary
                              *the bacterial contamination is dominated by nonpoint sources such as on site private sewage disposal
                              systems, associated groundwater flow, urban and agricultural surface runoff, as well as other undetermined
                              sources
                              ethe Durham POTW, and potentially some sewer lines, may be intermittent sources of contamination
                              *the POTW was found to be a major point source of nutrients which masked nutrient inputs from other
                              sources
                              ethe impoundment of water in ponds and marshes appear to have a positive impact on water quality,
                              resulting in lower bacterial /nutrient counts being discharged downstream
                              *critical areas that should be protected through more strict land use regulations include the shoreline of
                              the tidal river, salt and freshwater marshes along the tidal river and in the tributaries, and water
                              impoundment areas on the tributaries.

                    Rist-Frost Associates, P.C. May 1989. Town of Durham Master Plan Update Final Report.

                    The goal stated in the Land Use section of the Durham Master Plan calls to provide a well balanced land use pattern
                    to meet present and future community needs in an efficient, environmentally sound, economical and equitable
                    manner, and to preserve and protect open space for conservation and recreation purposes. Of the many objectives
                    involved in forming this goal, the protection of environinentally sensitive areas such as water sheds, aquifers, coastal
                    shorelines, floodplain and stream banks and the preservation of scenic areas, prime agricultural lands, wildlife areas
                    and conservation/recreation corridors are most affected this study. To meet those objectives it was recommended
                    that these as well as other actions be taken by the Town:
                              *identify, prioritize, and preserve properties which the Conservation Commission has determined to require
                              protection
                              :
                               establish new shoreline protection zones that distinguish between major and minor bodies of water
                               continue participation in the New Hampshire Coastal Program administered through the Office of State
                              Planning
                              0 obtain conservation easements to complete the preservation of the Crommett Creek/Durham Point corridor
                              for conservation and passive recreation purposes

                    Short, F.T. 1992. (ed.) The Ecology of the Great Bqy EstuaKy, New Hampshire and Maine: An
                    Estuarine Profile and Bibliography. NOAA - Coastal Ocean Program Publication 222pp.

                    Short has written this profile as a document to be read by people with varying backgrounds, scientists, management
                    agency personnel, monitoring groups and concerned citizens alike. The material is a lengthy overview of the


                                                                              107












                     ecology of the Great Bay Estuary. Topics that Short covers includes the history of human activities, characterization
                     of habitats, hydrosystem, geomorphology, hydrochemistry, pollution, primary producers, consumers, and
                     biogeochemical processes of Great Bay. One of the management issues discussed in the summary is the restoration
                     or mitigation of lost wetlands. He points out that continued development within the watershed only leads to a
                     continued loss of productivity and degradation of wetland areas. Short also emphasizes the responsibility of the
                     Reserve to educate the public, governmental agencies, and private interest groups about the value of the estuary and
                     the need to maintain a healthy productive estuarine environment.

                     Sperduto, D.D. October 1994. Coastal Plain Pondshores and Basin Marshes in New Hampshire.
                     Report to the Environmental Protection Agency - Region I. Wetlands Protection Section. Boston,
                     Massachusetts.


                     These coastal plain communities are regionally and globally rare and threatened. They are in fact among the rarest
                     ecosystems in New Hampshire. The focus of this study was to determine the status, distribution, and vegetative
                     variation of these wetlands. Sperduto determined that there are presently 20 known fair to excellent quality basin
                     marshes and 14 sandy pondshore/river shore examples in New Hampshire. There were three sites found within the
                     Town of Durham that are of local interest.
                              *Durham Point Road; east side of road between road to the Buffalo Farm and Langmaid Road. The site
                              is and irregularly shaped small vernal poolibasin marsh (about .05AQ with sparse vegetation and some
                              surface stones; it was probably a pasture pond long ago; it is probably impacted by road runoff, the site
                              is only of local significance due to its small size, but is worthy of protection at this level
                              *Darne Road Basins; . 1 miles north of Dame Road; first basin is .15 miles west of its east end, is about
                              .5AC in size; second basin is .25 miles north-northwest of the first and is approximately .16AC in size;
                              the pond may have been a pasture pond long ago; the site is significant at a local level given its size and
                              rarity ranking
                              *Little Hook Road; located west of Little Hook Road just north of Wiswell Road there are two closed
                              drainage basins; the most southern is a small (70FT diameter) depression; the second, just . 1 miles north
                              has a basin swamp at its southeast end and a large vernal pool (200' by 50') at its northwest end; given
                              the proximity of the large population of Blanding's turtles just north of the headwaters, it is possible that
                              these wetlands are used during part of their seasonal meanders; vernal pool and basin marsh functional
                              values cam be depleted by development and its secondary impact through septic nutrient loading, water
                              table alterations, physical degradation and fragmentation of amphibian/reptile corridors; these do not appear
                              to be current issues but have potential without stronger protection in the future.


                     State Planning, New Hampshire Office of. June 1994. Comparison of Existiniz Coastal
                     Communi1y Shoreland Protection Ordinances to Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act
                     Minimum Standards.


                     The report investigates the status of shoreland protection in New Hampshire coastal communities. CSPA's minimum
                     standards include a 250' limited use protected shoreland; a 150' natural woodland buffer, 75'- 125' septic leachfield
                     setback; and a 50' primary building line setback. Durham is recognized as having a shoreland, a wetland as well
                     as an Aquifer Protection Ordinance. The town has one of the most extensive list of prohibited uses identified by
                     CSPA in their shoreland ordinance. In addition to those, Durham also prohibits the disposal of liquid or leachable
                     wastes, pesticide/herbicide use, tilling of soil and the establishment of feedlots. Durham requires a 150' setback for
                     all septic systems (not just leachfields) which is stricter than CSPA minimum standards. Durham has a tidal and
                     nontidal protection zone of 150' and the vegetated buffer prohibits the cutting of trees over 6" DBH. Durham's
                     primary building line setback is 125' from the reference line of public waters. Although Durham does not meet
                     all CSPA minimum standards, there are provisions established in their ordinances that are more stringent or that


                                                                              108












                     are not even addressed by CSPA.

                     State Planning, New Hampshire Office of. 1983. Great Bay Facts and Figures.

                     OSP prepared this document as an educational tool in order to recognize the local, state and national importance
                     of the Great Bay Estuarine System in a coordinated program of research, education and resource conservation. The
                     report contains information about the land use around the Bay, estuarine access areas and population growth. The
                     predominant land uses along Durham's bay shoreline are large-lot residential and agricultural, with most of the
                     immediate shore being wooded.
                              Total Land Area             1453 acres
                              Tidal Wetlands                69 acres
                              State Land                    81  acres
                              Other Public Land             6 acres
                              Other Conservation/
                                       Recreation Land      0 acres
                              Developed Land               193 acres
                              Undeveloped Land*          1104 acres         *64% of this land is in Current Use

                     Durham has many estuarine access points. There are three public boat accesses: Cedar Point, Jacksons Landing
                     and Adams Point. There is one water front park: Shipyard Landing, -3 acres with picnic tables and historic
                     information. Adams Point, -82 acres in size, is the largest single parcel of public land devoted to conservation
                     that is open to the public. The Scammel Bridge wayside area has limited parking area but provides views of both
                     Little Bay and the Bellamy River.

                     In terms of population, Durham's has increased by 94% between 1960 and 1980. Between 1970 and 1980 the
                     number of single family units grew by 27%, with a total number of units increased by 39%. It has been projected
                     that Durham's population will grow another 27% between 1980 and 2000, it is expected that development will
                     follow suit.


                     State Planning, New Hampshire Office of.                      1989.      New HaMpshire Wetlands Priority
                     Conservation Plan - An Addendum to the New Hampshire State Cogiprehensive Outdoor
                     Recreation Plan (SCORP)


                     In order to address wetlands as an important outdoor recreation resource, this plan makes an in depth investigation
                     of the status and the issues concerning both freshwater and saltwater wetlands in the State of New Hampshire. It
                     has been estimated that more than half of the original 15,000 acres of tidal marshes have been destroyed either by
                     fill or being cut off from their tidal source by roads or other construction. The plan identifies the salt marshes of
                     the Great Bay, approximately 838 acres, to be a vital resource. The report also looks at various federal and state
                     programs currently involved in protecting wetlands as well as specific plans and programs that have previously
                     developed priorities for wetland protection.

                     State Planning, New Hampshire Office of. 1988. Wetlands Mitigation/Restoration Issues.
                     Technical Bulletin Number 2


                     The Office of State Planning and the New Hampshire Wetlands Board have realized that developers are willing to
                     invest into dredging and filling of wetlands to accommodate increased growth. The potential profit of developing
                     these areas more than compensates the initial cost of land alteration. Developers have also proposed the use of
                     mitigation as incentive for obtaining wetland permits. This paper identifies when mitigation should occur, the
                     criteria for considering mitigation, types of replacement wetlands and federal mitigation policies.


                                                                               109










                    Strafford County, New Hampshire Conservation District. March 1990. Tidal Rivers Land
                    Protection Study of the Oyster, LaMprey, and Salmon Falls Rivers. 42pp.

                    This study locates and prioritizes parcels of land for acquisition and protection in order to increase conservation,
                    public access, open space, and recreation opportunities along the tidal rivers. It begins with a review of property
                    information and tax maps. Data on species and natural communities is compiled from information provided by the
                    Natural Heritage Inventory, the New Hampshire Audubon Society and field observations. Water frontage figures
                    are approximations derived from tax map information, aerial photos and landowner records. It is the opinion of the
                    study that the coastal zone is no place for more intensive development. The study further identifies ten parcels of
                    property along the Oyster River which should be a priority for protection; a method as well as a time frame for
                    protection is also suggested; they include the following:
                             Wagon Hill Farm - at publication, a strategy was being determined
                             Smith Creek - preservation of open space across from Wagon Hill would help keep Smith Creek in its
                             present healthy condition. An easement on the land buffering the creek is recommended
                             Bunker Creek - noted for the habitat it provides for endangered and threatened bird species, it is
                             recommended that an easement on the low marsh areas be obtained
                             Johnson Creek - a pristine tidal creek, expansive marsh, diverse wildlife habitat and the presence of
                             eelgrass (critical to some fish and wildlife), all suggest that an easement is recommended to maintain this
                             outstanding open space area.
                             Jackson Landing Area - this area has a diverse wildlife habitat as well as rare plant species. 5AC of land
                             owned by the Jacques family adjacent to the Jackson Landing property owned by the Town would be an
                             important addition to the Town's open space and could be used for environmental education; this could be
                             acquired through fee simple acquisition
                             Shankhassick Trust - high conservation values and also offers scenic views to people using the town land
                             across the river, an easement along this property is recommended
                             Horsehide Brook - because this area offers such a strong wildlife habitat, a wide buffer conservation
                             easement is recommended to protect this resource
                             Drew's Creek - it is important for the town to encourage the preservation of the land in the Richmond and
                             McNitt tree farm; the open space is valuable and the tidal marsh ecosystem is fragile and must be
                             protected; first, tax abatements should be installed to encourage open space use, second, a land easement
                             along the creek should be considered
                             Durham Point - this area is outstanding in terms of maintaining open space and preserving the rural
                             character and scenic beauty; considering how important these properties are to the quality of life in Durham
                             as well as to the quality of the estuarine system; protection by easement along the coast is highly
                             recommended


                    Tiner, Ralph W. 1987. A Field Guide to Coastal Wetland Plants of the Northeastern United
                    States. The University of Massachusetts Press. Amherst.


                    The method used for this project evaluates wetlands on the basis of vegetation. Tiner's book contains over 100 pages
                    of nontechnical wetland plant descriptions and illustrations arranged according to their wetland habitat. This book
                    is extremely valuable for nonprofessional volunteers and conservation commissioners interested in coastal habitats.
                    Plants observed in the field that were identified with the book include:
                             Narrow-leaved Cattail      (Typha angustifolia)
                             Common Reed                (Phragmities australis)
                             Saltwater Cordgrass        (Spartina alterniflora)
                             Salt Meadow Grass          (Spartina patens)
                             Purple Loosestrife         (Lythrum salicaria)
                    Tiner also includes a section of maps and descriptions of places with good public access to observe coastal wetlands


                                                                            110











                    in the northeast. The only place listed for the state of New Hampshire is Adams Point where the University of New
                    Hampshire's Jackson Estuarine Laboratory is located.

                    United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Evaluation of
                    Restorable Salt Marshes in New Hampshire. USDA Soil Conservation Service. Durham, New
                    Hampshire.

                    The purpose of this study was to inventory and evaluate non-natural restrictions to tidal flow in the salt marshes of
                    New Harnpshire. It also determined the restoration potential of those marshes that have deteriorated due to the
                    presence of a restriction. The study found numerous locations where salt marshes have degenerated because of a
                    lack of tidal flow. For the Town of Durham there are three different tidal inlets present along the Oyster River;
                    Bunker Creek, Johnson Creek and Beards Creek. The study determined that the inlets on Johnson Creek and Bunker
                    Creek are considered adequate, Beards Creek however, was inadequate due to a restriction under state jurisdiction.
                    It was determined that the inlet restriction effects 25.2 acres of salt marsh. The corrective action suggested is to
                    remove the flashboards.


                    United States Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers. 1969.                     'Survey of Great Bay and
                    Little Bays and their Tributaries and Adjoining Tributaries of the Piscataqua River, New
                    Hampshire and Maine. Department of the Army, New England Division, Corps of Engineers.
                    Waltham, Massachusetts.

                    The purpose of this survey is to determine the need of providing navigational improvements to the bay area. A
                    public hearing held in Durham, determined the following improvements that are desired by local interest,:
                    installation of additional boat ramps, additional channel and obstruction markers, dredge and anchorage basin
                    adjacent to each of the town landings along the Oyster River, dredge a short access channel to the proposed
                    estuarine laboratory on Adams Point, dredge a channel to the State boat ramp near Adams Point. It was noted that
                    some of these requests were outside the purview of the Corps of Engineers, others were the responsibility of other
                    public agencies. Local authorities expressed their view that the municipalities, at this time, are financially unable
                    to contribute to these improvements.

                    The Division Engineer found that the waterways are adequate for present navigational needs. The waterway is in
                    a fast growing part of New England with increasing demands for water access and recreational boating. He also
                    noted that the land ownership in the bay area is in large holdings, and it appears that municipalities would benefit
                    by establishing zoning control to guide the future shoreland development. (Maps of areas discussed are included)


                    United States Department of Commerce, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management.
                    1978a. New HaMpshire Coastal Program and Draft Environmental IMpact Statement Appendices.
                    U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA. Washington, D.C. 153pp.

                    The appendices for the Coastal Program EIS contain excerpts of various NHRSAs relevant to the protection of New
                    Hampshire's coastal waters. Those important to this report include:
                            RSA 483-A Fill and Dredge in Wetlands
                            Chapter 600 Coastal Wetlands Regulations
                            Chapter 400 Shoreline Structures
                            Rules and Regulations Pertaining to Harbors and Tidal Waters of the State of New Hampshire










                     Zoning. Chapter 172. From the Code of the Town of Durhain. 1993. General Code Publishers
                     Corp.

                     In brief, the Zoning Ordinances for the Town of Durham contain two articles which address the purpose of
                     preserving the air and water quality; to protect natural and scenic resources from degradation and to ensure that
                     development is commensurate with the character and physical limitations of the land.
                              *Article V defines the Wetland Conservation Overlay District. According to the ordinance the Tegulations
                              of this district are intended to control and regulate the development of structures and of land use on
                              naturally occurring wetlands, to prevent unnecessary/excessive expense to the town to provide
                              services/utilities as result of inharmonious use of wetlands, prevent the destruction of natural wetlands,
                              protect existing natural wetland wildlife habitats, encourage those uses that can appropriately and safely
                              be located in wetland areas, and to prevent damage to abutter's structures and properties.
                              0 Article X defines the Shoreland Protection Zone, the intent of this zone as written is to protect the water
                              quality of current and future public drinking water supplies from pollutants, to protect water bodies ftoin
                              sedimentation/erosion, to maintain shorelands as habitats and travelways for wildlife, prevent destruction
                              of aesthetic qualities of the shores (protecting property and recreational values), to protect the Great Bay
                              estuary from pollution by its tributaries or from uses of its shoreland.
                     The overall strength and level of enforcement used through the adoption of these articles has not been determined.




































                                                                              112




                   Durha'                       Zoning with Wetland Syst                                                                  IS                    Map I

                                                                         Hill lill
                                                                                Hilill
                                                          1.11141             ill!'


                                                                                 oilll
                                                                            Ill QN1
                                                                     Ir.Tr
                                                                                                                Great Bay Wetlands Coverage
                                                                        "hy
                                      All 11                                   H1111111 11
                                                                         I
                                                                                                                       Salt Marsh
                                                                                                                       Algae
                                                                      I:    HII IMIll                                  Upland
                                                                   11111111;1; 1.1;  1
                                                                     Ili ill ill! ;!!,1 11 11' W
                                                                        11   1
                                                                                                                       Water
                                                                              I    miff. fV @r
                                                                                   -. I,                        Land Use
                                                                              Ii      IN
                                                                                                                       Water
                                                                                                               Zoning
                                                                                                                       CB - Central Business
                                                                                                                       LB - Limited business
                                                                                                                       OR - Office and Research
                                                                                                                       R - Rural
                                                                                                                       RA - Residential A
                                                                                                                       RB - Residential B
                                                                        1.111 A                                        RC - Residential Coastal












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Map 2
                            Durham Great Ba                                                                                          and Use
                                                                                                                 ]I         V



                                                                                                                                                  1112:.;@                         I i.A.1...
                                                                                                                                                                                   'A:A:!:!A]J:

                                                                                                                                                                                            . ............



                                                                                                                                               :i1J
                                   Great Bay Wetlands Coverage
                                          Salt Marsh
                                          Algae                                                                                             .13A
                                                                                                                                                                                                        N.,
                                                                                                                                                                                                  N
                                          Upland

                                                                                                            A.
                                          Water

                                                                                                            A                                'AA.
                                   Roads
                                                                                                                                                                      A..
                                                                                                                    !.!.M IA...
                                                                                                                  .?_;
                                                                                                                    AAAAAA11T
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                                          Secondary
                                                                                                                    AAAAAAAA.;.I,i@
                                                                                                            i.A. 3 Al i
                                          Road or Street                                                       A
                                   A,                                                                                       ..
                                                                                                                                                                 A
                                          Unimproved
                                          Trail                                                                           .1    JAIIA@VAAA,w
                                          Other
                                                                                                                                                                  !:I:i   I ILA.
                                                                                                                             A.;.!.!1?A, A.
                                                                                                            IAAAAAAAAA
                                                                                                            "ai ..A. -
                                      V    Use                                                                                                                   :NA 1
                                   @and
                                                                                                                                    11AA
                                          Single Family Residential                                                                       A                I- ....... ......... ...................  I- TL
                                                                                                            A                                                 I I
                                          Multi-Family Residential                                                                                .......                     :i:,Jw7:!J:!.N IAT
                                                                                                                                                                                    :A!
                                                                                                            ANI                                               ..... . .
                                                                                                                                                                                 ... . ...... . .
                                          Mobile Home Park
                                                                                                                                                                                            NA
                                                                                                                                                  ::iTi.                                        A.
                                                                                                                                                          7 f   I tutl
                                                                                                                                                                                        Aq.. *hTNIAIIIATI
                                                                                                                                                                                   . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
                                                                                                                         1.11:1141:1 Al!                                  i:11

                                                                                                                                      . . ....... ...
                                                                                                            A.;                       - 4      1; 1 1 i I.:                            iAAAAAAAAA.
                                          Commercial                                                                                  TAAAA..
                                                                                                                                                               AAAA.t          1,:!.!AA A 11AAAAA: 1A:N:.,:;_;
                                                                                                                            Al
                                                                                                            Al;
                                          Industrial
                                                                                                                                               ............. ...........
                                                                                                                                                                                        IA.
                                          Urban Mixed         Use                                                                                                            A...
                                                                                                                                              IT; 1 .1 1 !AA:A
                                          Developed Institutional                                                                         i      IA.t.:.,!@!
                                                                                                                                                                                            :k       A"
                                          Public Recreational
                                                                                                                                                             ............
                                                                                                            77
                                          Agriculture
                                                                                                                                                      :i:;j:i.!,:        AAJ@il w
                                                                                                                                                                                        ... . A.A.
                                                                                                                                                                   1 IT
                                          Open Space           Vacant
                                          Forest                                                                                                               -!:!:I I: 1.L          i    !AAA
                                                                                                                                                                                        iAAAAAAA
                                                                                                                                                                       ............
                                                                                                                                                                                     ff!
                                          Water
                                                                                                                                                                        ..........
                                                                                                                                                                         ..........
                                          Approved Subdivision                                                                                        AT:.
                                                                                                                                                                                   -1,11  jImij:
                                                                                                                                                                                          NAm,
                                                                                                                                                                                     El.












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Map 3
                                  Coastal Method Syste s 1, 4 and 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Great Bay Wetland Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1 Salt Marsh
                                                                                                                                                                                             lv@,111,11 fir",
                                                                                         ffIfIffI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2 Algae
                                                                                                                                                            ...............

                                                                       f                                                                                   .............
                                                                              f          if                           f,                                                                                                                                              3 Upland
                                                                                                                                                                            If
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4 Water
                                                                                         fl,
                                                                                         If 11 i 1                                                                                                                                                                    5 Unknown
                                                                                                                                  ............    ... .......                                                                                                 Roads
                                                                                                            ............
                                                           Hill        f
                                                       H                                 f                      f f                                                                                                                                                   Primary
                                                                                         f1, 1, 1
                                                                                         fr                                                                          ......
                                  AR 1 1
                                                                            f                             If I'
                                                                                                                                                                                          M     f                                                                     Secon ary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Road or Street
                                                                                                                                             ...........
                                                                                              f f

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Trail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Unimproved
                                                                          J.: i'-
                                                                                                                                        ;0
                                                                                         If                                                ute.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Other
                                                                                                                                                Ap                 f
                                                                              ..............
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              @a Vnd  Use
                                                                                            If It         -,j                                                      op
                                                                                                                                f                                  f                                                                                                  Single Family Residential
                                                                                            f                                                                                                                                                                         Multi-Family Residential
                                                                                         116                                                                                               f
                                                                                                                                1 '41?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mobile Home Park
                                                                                            f                                                             fir
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    . ...........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Commercial
                                                                                                                                                            f                                                                                                         Industrial
                                                                                                                         N10111 I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           an Mixed Use
                                                                                                       A:                                                                                                                                                     EN      Urb
                                                                                                                                                             f rii, f i I
                                                                                                                                                                f f                                                                                                   Developed Institutional
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Public Recreational
                                                                          ........ . .                                                                                                                                                                                Agriculture
                                                                                                       f  MI. I   If
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Open Space            Vacant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Forest

                                                                                            ff         f @@f
                                                                                                               f  f;,@                                                                                                                                                Water
                                                                          f f
                                                                                                                        ..............
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Approved Subdivision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Restriction, obstructing flow
                                                                                         f  f
                                                                                                                                                  .......                                                                                                       Restriction, not obstructing flow
                                                                                                                                ..... ............ .........             ....         ...
                                                                                                                                                .............                                        ......
                                                                                                                    . ............                                                                                                                              Primary Viewing Location
                                                                                         I  ff
                                         ff                                              f  f       "  I _.      i -;.:..i .;.:I ; . ; . i. ;.;.:. ; . ;
                                                                                                                                                                                           . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          r

                                                                      ---_-------                                  .. .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ea/Grills
                                  ff I                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Picnic Ar
                                                                                                                                                             'f       r i
                                  f,
                                                                                                                                                                                                       .........                                        Co      Recreation Site/Trails
                                                              . .........:


                                                                                         f
                                  If
                                                                                         ffI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Public Boat Access
                                  I  rv
                                  If
                                                                           f             f 1                           NON      "I"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Potential Educational Site
                                                                                                                                "if   i.  i:@:i:

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                                                                                             NIB,                                                                                          r
                                                                                               T
                                                                                                                                i"RI'll
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                                                                                                                                                                                           If f





                        Coastal Method Syste                                                                          s 2, 6 and 8                                                                               Map 4
                                                                                                                                                                                      Great Bay Wetland Coverage

                                                                  I'M I
                                                                                                                                                                                            1 Salt Marsh
                                                                                                                                                                                                gae
                                                                                                                                                                                      go 3 Upland
                                                                    fu
                                                                                                                                                                                            4 Water
                                                                                                   'I'T It
                                                              4",
                                                                                                1,;                                                                                         5 Unknown
                                                                                              Nfv     ifl',
                                                                                                                                @ff
                                                                                                                                 41
                                                                                                                                                                                      Roads
                                                                                                                                                                                            Primary
                                                                                                               T"'! ,Ti@ viilili@fi, "I
                                                                 Ail
                                                                             If
                                                                                                                       1,01       ......
                                                                                                                                                                                        v Secondary
                                                                                                                                                                                      /V Road or Street
                                                                          It1, V, I ",I
                                                                            If
                                                                                                                                                                                           'Unimproved
                                                                                                              f fi,
                        If
                                                                                                                                                                                            Trail
                                                                                                                                                                                      C
                                                                                                                                                                                        V Other
                                                                                                                                                                                        and Use
                                                                                                                                                                                            Single Family Residential
                                                                                                                                                                                            Multi-Family Residential
                                                                                                                  ......                                                                    Mobile Home Park
                                                                                                                                                 .... ..........
                                                                         if;                                                                      ..........
                                                                                                                                                                                            Commercial
                                                                                 f If                               .......                                                                 Industrial
                                                                                                              Hi i
                                                                                                                                                                                      Eg    Urban Mixe       se

                                                                                   f 9 f f
                                                                                                                                                                                            Developed Institutional
                                                                                  W41
                                                                                                                                                                                            Public Recreational
                                                                                                          vg,
                                                                                                                                                                                            Agriculture
                                                                                                                   NT,mv%
                                                                                              ...............
                                                                                                                                                                                      EM    Open Space      Vacant

                                                                                                                            ...................
                                                                                                                                                                                            Forest


                                                                                                                               f I ff
                                                                                                                                                                                            Water
                                                                                                                                                                                            Approved Subdivision
                                                                                                                                                                                  Co    Restriction, obstructing flow
                                                                                                                                50
                            ............
                                                                                                                                                                                        Restriction, not obstructing flow
                                                                                                                                                           ....                         Primary Viewing Location
                                                                                                                                                                                  cr
                                                                                                                                 j i i; j1J, iii
                                                                                                                                                                                        Picnic Area/Grills
                                   if
                                  TO
                                                    e_4
                                                                                                                                                                                        Recreation Site/Trails
                                                                                                                N.
                                                                                                                                   . ......... ......
                                                                                                                                                                                        Potential Recreational Site/Trails

                                                                                                                                                                                        Public Boat Access
                                R





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                                                                 "MI.,
                                                                                  f
                                                                                             rt
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                                                                                    2i













                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Map 5
                                  Coastal Method Syste s                                                                                                                       3 and 7                                                                       Great Bay Wetland Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      I Salt Marsh

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3 Upland
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4 Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5 Unknown
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Roads

                                                                                                                                        tb
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             /V Primary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Secondary

                                                                                                   r S.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Road
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               or Street
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     'Unimproved
                                                                                                                              .............
                                                                                                                            E
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Trail
                                                                                                                      J.i. i.i. t.-....
                                                                              .......... ......... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Other
                                                                                                                                              r-fifif",    lkv
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             @Vand Use
                                              .......                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Single Family Residential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Multi-Family Residential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mobile Home Park
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Commercial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Urban Mixed Use

                                   it
                                                                           t:!:.                                                                                                                                                                                      Developed Institutional
                                   I!i ii:i i: ii; 44 i;f i; i i1: it f;                                                                                                                                                                                              Public Recreational

                                             ii  I Ii I i Iit i
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agriculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Open Space            Vacant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Forest
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Approved Subdivision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Restriction, obstructing flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Restriction, not obstructing flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Primary Viewing Location
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Picnic Area/Grills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Recreation Site/Trails

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Potential Recreational Site/Trails

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Public Boat Access

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Potential Educational Site

                                                          !!.E1AA jl Ll.i












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Map 6
                                  Coastal Method Sys e s                                                                                                                       9 and 10                                                                       Great Bay Wetland -Coverage
                                                                                                 fm',J@, fif,@   I........  @@i @.;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      I Salt Marsh
                                                                                                           Ifif fit
                                                                                                            T
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EZ] 2 Algae
                                                                                                                         ff            -fj
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3 Upland
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4 Water
                                                                                                                   Ni
                                                                                            ill, tIfiffI                fit      f,                                                                           ff,                                                     5 Unknown
                                                                                                                                                  ...........    .......
                                                                                                           f fir   1,                                                     ...... ..                          f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Roads
                                                                                                              fif
                                                                                                            ',NifMf@@                                                                                     i                                                           Primary
                                                                                                                  'ji
                                                                                                                   ,;,;f fl
                                                                                                                        f    I                                   .......
                                                                                                                       @,; ; @ T;lv                                 ; ;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              @V Secondary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              /V Road or Street
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Unimproved
                                                                                                                                         ..... ........
                                                                                                                                                                                   ..........
                                                                                                                                     .. ........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Trail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ther
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              @a Vhd OU,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         se
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Single Family Residential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Multi-Family Residential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mobile Home Park
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Commercial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Urban Mixed Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Developed Institutional
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Public Recreational
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EU      Agriculture
                                                                                            ......... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EM Open Space                  Vacant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Forest
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Approved Subdivision
                                                                                                 ........... ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Restriction, obstructing flow
                                                                                                            ...........
                                                                                                                      ........ .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Restriction, not obstructing flow
                                                                                                 . ...........
                                                                                                           . ...................
                                                                                                                                                                              IN
                                                                                          .............
                                   fitI                                                             ..........
                                                                                                               . . . . . ...... .................
                                  If  f f                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Primary Viewing Location
                                                                                                                 ....................
                                      I I f
                                      f;                                                  .............                         ....... .......                                                                                                         Cr
                                       f                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Picnic Area/Grills
                                      f    f f            Mq f0ii,f,                   ...
                                                            I , i_.Nf                     p
                                                        I., li@           fff mjf@'f
                                      if   f                                                                                                   ......
                                                      f                                                                                                                                                                                                           ecrea
                                                      fj                                                                                              ........                                                                                                  R         tion Site/Trails
                                      If
                                                                                                        .. ... ..... . ... . ....... .
                                                                                   f                                                                                                                 Op
                                                                                      i@ii- I    j           . .....                                                                                                                                            Potential Recreational Site/Trails
                                  i, f  f  f
                                                                          fi
                                                             Ti
                                                                                                                                                 t

















































                                                                        f,fI  f  i'rl
                                                                                                                          .......                                                                                                                               Public Boat Access
                                  M",


                                           fjf,fjf 11 ffi                            I,f                 ..........
                                                                                                                                                                       -%mow-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          6     Potential Educational Site
                                                            if              f         fif   I
                                                                                                     I
                                                                               If N ,
                                                                     I      f  it,               If
                                                                             -   lill            0,5f
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                                                                                                 If
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                                                                                     if          f          f@f fN












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Map 7
                                                Coastal Method Syste                                                                                                     11                                                                                   Great Bay Wetland Coverage
                                                      M,rif iMfif"t, f ff         M&
                                                If(f                    TH        ff
                                                I.          f
                                                11 ffffffififffff We    if f,     iff fire                                                                                                                                                                             1 Salt Marsh
                                                      'If     11" " I   'i If i
                                                Iif I'll, I'll If I (             if
                                                                if      if
                                                fIfffff f"Ifff", If r   f         fie
                                                J.fff f fffff I.Iff : 111f        r fr                                                                                                                                                                        EM       2Algae
                                                fffffff f 'fiff'Iff"Ef fjff       I
                                                                f
                                                if f fill 1,                                                                                                                                                                                                           3 Upland
                                                    I I,    J.          II        (If
                                                ij f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       4 Water
                                                                                  I11, fJHI
                                                rI1                               '41 ,1
                                                ff                                                                                                                                                                                                            EM       5 Unknown
                                                ri@. ..i: 1: 1: 1: fELL 1: i: 1: 1: 1:;: L".. 1:1:. 11: f: @::!A.:E 1: f::;: 1:1:17: L!: 1: i.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Roads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Primary
                                                J, I.:.;.                         ... . . ....                                                                                                                                                                         Secondary

                                                    ..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                _V Road or Street

                                                .. ........
                                                                                  .........                                                                                                                                                                            Unimproved
                                                    LLi.    ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Trail
                                                ..... .                                                                                                                                                                                                                Other
                                                .......... ............
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Land     Use
                                                [email protected]:::t::i:,.i:L.i:::.;::.,.:!.I.I.;.i.:.: .1. i.,                                                                                                                                                                 Single Family Residential
                                                f f
                                                f ff                                          'Ni     VW@ f
                                                f f f                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Multi-Family Residential
                                                f fffi
                                                            ... .......
                                                f;f f                                                      f   f
                                                If, @ff                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mobile Home Park
                                                                                                                 If
                                                ffr                                                           rr .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Commercial
                                                f, fee f f f
                                                    if
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Industrial
                                                                                                                 I f
                                                fIff
                                                ff f                                                                             if
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Developed Inst tut ona
                                                ffif fI.
                                                f   f f       If                                      f                                                                                                                                                                Public Recreational
                                                ffff
                                                f,
                                                    rffff   r r         f f
                                                                        f f f     f
                                                "if   ff    If
                                                            I   f       f         ff
                                                      ff        f       ff,
                                                                        If f
                                                    if 11               if'[
                                                                                                              ff
                                                                        IV                                                @3'il                                                                                                                               M        Open Space            Vacant
                                                                                  I. I f
                                                                        f f       f f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Forest
                                                                        f if      f f
                                                                                  f  f                    f                                                                                                                                                            Water
                                                                                  f  f
                                                            f   f                         of              if                                                                                                                                                           Approved Subdivision
                                                                        Ire       I
                                                                I       it( f     f       I     f il,;if if  f
                                                    f                   'M1 f     .  1 .1             '1 '1          1,   1 r-N  f      -1
                                                            f   i                 f                   '1     4
                                                    .11                                       f iff
                                                                                              @'      .;IVVI@t
                                                                                  f r     I                IIN@                       f
                                                f!
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Co      Restriction, obstructing flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Restriction, not obstructing flow
                                                                                  fif
                                                                                  f ff
                                                f,  f       f                      f                                  iif'N"IN
                                                    I
                                                j                                                                                                                                                                                                       Cr      Primary Viewing Location
                                                                                                                    1 f 1@ i; iJ J" -1,
                                                                                  f9      1
                                                                        fli@ "'.1i                    I I         - I -, ; r
                                                                        : @       f'ff f        f
                                                                        f         11                                                                                                                                                                                            a/Grills
                                                                        rt                                 It fell  f  I                                                                                                                                        Picnic Are

                                                                        I
                                                                                          f f                                                                                                                                                                   Recreation Site/Trails
                                                    f       if          f f f     f  I        f                                       f
                                                                        ff f f
                                                    f       f f ,       f         f  .        I                                           I
                                                                f       ifI          f                           IN W;j;i
                                                                                                                   N                                                                                                                                            Potential Recreational Site/Trails
                                                f f fWfI f f            f fIf r                 I     f I. f   1ilIiIi;q;i;'
                                                f   f f r   If  f                               f     f   I I                                      If
                                                    f f     f
                                                                                              f       f                           ...........
                                                                                                                                 iJ                                                                                                                             Public Boat Access
                                                if    f     f                     'i
                                                                                  fifff f:f   f If    I    f                     tA:
                                                                                                          ff
                                                                                  1W f@f      I
                                                      ff "T   I
                                                If                                ",f;f elf fif qri' f f                                                                                                                                                 CC I Potential Educational Site
                                                      IM01                                    f f                                1.......
                                                            I                                         1@15'1 f "
                                                                                  MINI
                                                                                  ., ( I      I f     I I
                                                            ij,         'NU                                             J.  I.
                                                                                     fil      I I
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                                                r                                    fif
                                                if( ;f      f3f J;
                                                                                          J,  If
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                                                                        if I'll
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                                                                        ;fjl      fl
                                                                        if, @1
                                                WN I =111



































                                                A
                                                Ili                                                                                 .. ....





                                   Coastal Method Syste s 12 and 13                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Map 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Great Bay Wetland Coverage
                                                                                                     'ji      .3i    tiff
                                   'iiiiiii ?i iWE I       iiwi Mimi                                                                    iNV:!:::::                                                                                                                    I Salt Marsh
                                   ff          ff ff( fffffff
                                                       I if     If @ ff 11 1 ff I II
                                                       f I, fl,    f if        f@ f,  T4                'IfR "I'T    i 11
                                               I @.. ..... if , '11, i"If f ITIMEff " f                    ff fji               il ill, i", 1, 1 if                                                                                                                   2 Algae
                                   ff          ff I T II 11M                   ff( 'j, I f f
                                                       I        ,1 1 ,
                                               IifII   "I  1q," ,, "T @ I                               ff
                                                           I If I  Ufff        f   f  ff   f                      I  I I If
                                                                               I   f  I
                                                                                                           "If
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3 Upland
                                   If                  1        11 11 "If I f 11 1 1  f                              I
                                                                               "If If If
                                                                                                        if f
                                   11 11 It
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4 Water
                                                                                                                        ti@fW
                                               If
                                   if,
                                                                                                   11 ff If it
                                               I(I                                         ff ff                                                                                                                                                                      5 Unknown
                                               T
                                                                                            PH
                                   If          11          fit                     ff              If                                        I                                                                                                               'Roads
                                                           I    '11W                                                                          I III
                                                                                           f fjf3f
                                                                                      I    f wli,
                                                                I I it                I                                                       fillf
                                                                   f                        I ff   IIf
                                                                                                                                               II-INI
                                                       ff  I                                                         ...
                                                                                   ell                                                                                                                                                                                Primary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Secondary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Road or Street

                                                           If   f  if
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Un improve
                                                                                                                                 f   rf
                                                                               it
                                   If                                                                                       .......                                                                                                                                   Trail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Other
                                               f 111 It
                                               Iit                                                                                                                                                                                                            @and    Use
                                   if,         If If                                          f                                                                                                                                                                       Single Family Residential
                                   I           IIW     ... ;Wj  1;,                ffi        I
                                   I           I
                                               fII I                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Multi-Family Residential
                                   ff          I1 1, ff                                                                                                                             fifi_;:
                                   f I f       Itiff If
                                               1 .1
                                                                                   it
                                               fI1 1.
                                                                                      I                                                                                                                                                                               Mobile Home Park
                                               ;1,1f
                                               f
                                               fII f   I I ff   ff                                            fI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Commercial
                                                                                                     ff                                                Par";
                                               ff                                                                                                                            ..................
                                                                                                        II    f
                                               If      Iil
                                                                                                   f                                                                                                                                                                  Industrial
                                                       ff
                                               fI      IfI                                                    I ff f
                                                                I I            if
                                                                                                                                                     . ..........
                                                                               Iff                                                                                                                                                                                    Urban Mixed Use
                                                                                                   3f
                                                                                                        IT-                                                                                                                                                           Developed Institutional
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Public Recreational
                                                                If ff          If                             fIIf
                                                       i        f              IT          11                      Iai
                                                                f              i
                                                                f
                                                                                           11      .11  it                                                                                                                                                            Agriculture
                                               ff
                                               I! ff I
                                               fI If I I
                                                       f I IfI Ifit
                                                       IIf I I 'T I            f   If I'
                                               Ifl-    I f                     i ii   @i
                                               II f I I I " I'IfII             I, II111                  1. -11-                                                    -           i;;;;@                                                                        M]      Forest
                                                           t                   fI  i  f    II      IN'
                                                           I    II                         IfI
                                               I       fIll, It
                                               ff If
                                               f                               if           I
                                               Ir i I IfIf IfI                                             ff
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                                               H If,
                                   If
                                               f                                                   !flf do,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Approved Subdivision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Restriction, obstructing flow
                                                                   I I             -!if f,  fvM@;i iiij,"
                                               IIf     fp;@                    JfI
                                                                I  f           I            f if I I f
                                                       it                                          I-M I
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                                               @Nl; @jf'                       N                   r ( I
                                                                                      11      f

                                               fit                                         f f     I
                                                                                   f  I f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Primary Viewing Location
                                                                                            I      f
                                   if
                                               f, r, l          f              il                                                                                                                                                                               Picnic Area/Grills
                                   ff.,        I                f
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                                                                                           fr @1   f 'if
                                   f 1 11 ff I IfIff
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                                                       1, If
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                                                                                                                     t"111,11 ii"'
                                                                                                                      1111 111 MIT 71111






















                                                       IfI                                           f I                                                                                                                                                 C&     Public Boat Access
                                                       I
                                                       f. III;                 V fit I I
                                               ill@;!i f ff     .1;            1,111 1,                                                                                          -
                                               fit",   1, f,                   f           f@i 1,
                                                                                           tiff    I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Q     Potential Educational Site
                                                                               "Ni












                                                 @,,--@Partrnorlt
                                                                                center Library
                                                              HobsOrll. AvenUe
                                                2:lestOnl SC 29405-2413

































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