[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
2- Coastal Zone Information Center SEP 3 0 1974 S7 Rk 10K S Cow U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Surveyo CtAT OF 004%, cr_ "Xi "ArES Of PREPARED BY PHYSICAL SCIENCE SERVICES BRANCH SCIENTIFIC SERVICES DIVISION (Educational pamphlet #3) GB' 474 N38 4b 1974 Revised-April 1974 Rockville, Maryland Table of Contents Pa&e INTRODUCTION .......................................... I CLASSIFICATION OF ISLANDS ............................ 1 Hawaiian ........................................ 2 Trust Territory of Pacific ..................... 2 Virgin Islands .............................. 6 Samoa ..: .......... .. ....... . 8 8 Puerto Rico ....... .......: The Diomedes ................................... 10 The Aleutians .................................. 10 Padre Island ................................... 11 Florida Keys ................................... 11 ISLANDS FOR RECREATION ............................... 11 ISLAND PRESERVATION .................................. 12 APPENDICES Appendix I: Largest Islands adjacent to the contiguous U.S . ...................... 15 Appendix II: Largest Alaskan Islands .............. 20 Appendix III: Hawaiian Islands ..................... 24 Appendix IV: 50 largest islands adjacent to contiguous U.S . ...................... 25 Appendix V: 50 largest Alaskan Islands ........... 28 Appendix VI: Charts and Information ............... 31 AMERICA'S ISLANDS INTRODUCTION Coastal islands of the United States have been surveyed and charted by the National Ocean Survey, formerly the Coast and Geodetic Survey, for well over a century. This impor- tant work is performed pursuant to hydrographic surveying, nautical charting and other investigations along our Nation s coasts. Data thus gathered are used to describe the major islands as they relate to the geography of the coasts. Measurements listed for islands of the conterminous United States (Table 1), Alaska (Table 2), and Hawaii (Table 3) were made from the largest scale nautical charts consistent with the use of a planimeter. This cartographic measuring instrument provided the area measurements by tracing the perimeter of each island. The accepted value was determined from an average of a number of repeat measurements. The alphabetical tables are supplemented with Tables 4 and 5, listing the 50 largest islands of the conterminous United States and Alaska in order of size. Latitude and longitude of each island were scaled from a point representing the island center as determined by visual inspection. Compari- sons were made with previously published values, and an accurately constructed set of templates was alsoused for verification. CLASSIFICATION OF ISLANDS Islands Are usually classified as either continental or oceanic. Continental islands rise from an underwater shelf extending from the mainland and have rock structure and flora and fauna similar to that of the mainland. They are formed in several ways. When coastal lands are submerged by subsidence of land or raising of the sea level, high points protruding above the encroaching ocean become islands. For example, the British Isles were once a part of Europe, and many of the islands off the coasts of northern North America and Scandinavia were formed in this manner. Wave action often wears away weak rock formations along the seacoast, so that the more resistant rocks become islands. The barren Isles of Shoals off the New England coast are the result of such erosion. Ocean currents sometimes build up new islands b@ depositing sand and other debris offshore. Fire Island, o f Long Island, New York, was formed in this way. Oceanic islands are surrounded by deep water far from the continent; they are generally volcanic or coralline in structure, with limited flora and fauna. The Hawaiian 2 Islands, Samoa, Fiji, and other central Pacific islands were built up from the ocean floor by continual volcanic action until they rose above sea level. The coral atolls charac- teristic of the islands of Micronesia in the western Pacific were formed by coral growth around the fringe of subsiding .volcanic islands until the original islands had become completely submerged and only the coral rings remained. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS The 25 or more islands of the Hawaiian chain are of volcanic origin and rise from a submerged mountain ridge which stretches in a southeast-to-northwest direction for nearly .2,000 miles in the north Pacific Ocean. The group consists of three sectors. The northwestern sector has low coral atolls, sandy islets, reefs and shoals. The peaks reach just to sea level. Three of these peaks are atolls--Kure Island, Midway Island, and Pearle and Hermes Reef. The middle sector includes a number of volcanic rock stacks or small, rocky pinnacles. Here four mountain peaks rise above the sea as islands--the Gardner Pinnacles, La Perouse Pinnacle, Necker Island, and Nihoa Island. In the southeast sector there are eight high volcanic islands-- Hawaii, Maui, Oahu Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, Niihau, and Kahoolawe (Table 3@. The smaller islands beyond Niihau are the oldest of the Hawaiian chain. Formerly high volcanoes they are now eroded to near sea level. The youngest is Hawaii, which is in a stage of upbuilding and active volcanism; its two 1,300- foot peaks, Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, standing 26,000 feet above the ocean floor, are the highest volcanoes in the world. The other seven islands are extinct volcanoes now in the process of being worn down. Geologically, Kauai is the oldest of the principal islands. These main islands represent 99.9% of the dry land area of, the entire group, but occupy only a quarter of the length of the Hawaiian chain. In contrast to the luxuriant, tropical beauty the islands are so famous for, only Kahoo- lawe is completely arid, ro.--ky and uninhabited. TRUST TERRITORY OF PACIFIC ISLANDS The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, occupying about 3,000,000 square miles of ocean area, with a total land area of about 687 square miles, consists of the Marshall Islands, 0 C#Z ell. f+ M M > Ron, PCI Uj Diamond Head, Oahu, Hawaii 4 the Caroline Islands, and the Marianas with the exception of Guam. The Territory is administered by the United States under a trusteeship with the United Nations. Guam, the largest of the Marina Islands, is administered by the United States as an "unincorporated territory". The Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands, located between 14'43'N to 4'34'N and between 160'48'E and 172'10'E, are a group of low coral atolls and islands scattered in two irregular, roughly paral- lel chains--Ratak and Ralik. The Ralik chain includes Jaluit, Kwajalein, Wotho, Bikini, and Eniwetok. Mili, Ebon, Majori, Maloelap, Wotje, and Likiep are included in the Ratak chain. These low coral atolls consist of a number of islands encircling a lagoon. The lagoons vary in size from one to nearly 850 square miles. The Marshall Islands have a total land area of 70 square miles. Kwajalein, in the Ralik chain, is the largest atoll in the Marshall Island group, being about 66 miles long by about 18 miles at its widest point.- More than 80 islands and islets lie along this atoll reef, which surrounds a lagoon that has an area of approximately 655 square miles. ' Climate in the Marshall Islands is temperate; temperatures (annual mean about 80') and hurnidity are high throughout the year, but are moderated by oceanic influences. Annual rain- fall totals are high (over 70 inches) but gales of typhoon force rarely occur. The Caroline Islands This group includes a large number of small islands, some of which are not much more than small rocks protrudin� above the ocean surface, lying between the meridians of 131 to 164' E and the parallels of 2' to 10'N. The five largest islands are Babelthuap (143 square miles), Ponape (129), Kusaie (42), Yap (21), and Tomil-Gail (11). The islands are of three main types--high volcanic islands such as Kusaie,, .the Palaus, Ponape, Truk, and Yap; partially raised atolls, like Angaur and Fais, which are only about 60 feet high; and low coral atolls which are rarely more than 8 feet above ocean level. Climate in the Caroline Islands is quite similar to that of the Marshalls, except that typhoons may occur in any month. .. . ....... ... .... ....... . . .. .... ..... ... . ...... ... ..... . .... . ..... . ......... 6 The Marianas and Guam The Marianas lie north of the Carolines and consist of a chain of steep volcanic islands, extending in a north and south direction for a distance of 380 miles. It consists of unsub- merged summits of great mountain ranges. Of the 14 main islands or island groups in the Marianas, only four exceed 20 square miles in area--Guam (203 square miles), Saipan (47),. Tinian (39), and Rota (33). Guam, the most southerly island of the chain, is 30 miles long and from 4 to 81-2 miles wide. It is shaped,like a peanut and is almost entirely floored by limestone; a belt of volcanic hills rising to 1,334 feet lies across the center of the island. The Marianas have a tropical climate with high temperatures throughout the year. The archipelago lies within the typhoon belt and destructive storms occur. THEVIRGIN ISLANDS The Virgin Islands are a group of small islands of ancient volcanic origin lying some 60 miles east of Puerto Rico; they belong to the-eastern extremity of the Greater Antilles and are divided between Great Britain and the United States. The British Virgin Islands Excluding numerous small rocks and reefs, the British.Virgin Islands number 36 of which-12 are inhabited. The largest islands are Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke. The total area of the group is 67 square miles. The General appearance of the British Virgin Islands is that of a partly submerged mountain range, the rugged hills rising abruptly from the sea, the higher peaks forming the chief islands while the lesser peaks form the small outlying islands. The Virgin Islands of the United States In 1917, the group of islands now called the Virgin Islands of the United States were acquired from Denmark for $25,000,000--the most ever paid for an American territory. They consist of about 50 islands and cays of which only several are inhabited and only three have any size or im5or- tance. The main islands are St. Thomas (32 square miles , St. Croix (82), and St. John (19). The land consists of a dramatic procession of craggy mountain tops of volcanic formation, rising to heights of 1,500 feet on St. Thomas, 1,300 feet on St. John, and 1,000 feet on St. Croix. g. rialls, A Swains IsIdnd, Pacific Ocean 8 The climate is one of the islands' main assets, with a temperature that never goes above 91' F or below 63' F at sea level. Humidity is low and there'is very little poll-en. Annual rainfall averages about 40 inches, the first six months of the year generally being slightly dryer than the last. SAMOA Western Samoa The ten principal islands of the Samoan archipelago, situ- ated between latitudes 13' and 14' S and longitudes 169' and 173' W, are the summits of a submarine range of volcanic mountains, which form a slightly curved chain 350 miles long. The two largest islands in this chain--Savaii (703 square miles) and Upolu (430 square miles) have been built up by a succession of great lava.flows. Between them are the islets of Manono and Apolima. These islands became independent on January 1, 1962, and were designated the Independent State of Western Samoa. American Samoa Thirty-six miles east of Upolu is the island of Tutuila, noted for its excellent harbor, Pago Pago, and the islet Aunuu. Sixty miles farther east is the Manua group of three islands--Tau, Olosega, and Ofu--and 70 miles further in the same direction is the uninhabited coral atoll, Rose Island. This group, together with Swains Island to the north, is known as American Samoa. This group of islands, comprising 76 square miles in area, became American territory by the Tripartite Treaty of 1899 between Great Britain, Germany, and the United States. In this warm, damp tropical climate, the temperature ranges between 61' and 94' F. Depending on elevation and prevail- ing trade winds, rainfall is 100 inches and above. Strong southwest winds blow from May to November; moderate gales and occasional hurricanes occur. PUERTO RICO Puerto Rico is the easternmost of the main islands of the Greater Antilles. Roughly rectangular in shape, it is about 100 miles long and 35 miles wide, and with its principal adjacent islands of Vieques, Culebra, and Mona has a total area of 3,435 square miles. It is located in the northern part of the north tropical zone, between latitudes 17'55' . . .... .. .... ,Vill %10 Toneau Ice Field, Alaska 10 and 18*32'N and longitudes 65'35' and 67'17'W. Puerto Rico is separated from the island of Hispaniola by the 75-mile wide Mona Passage; it thus dominates one of the principal entrances from the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean Sea and one of the main approaches to the Isthmus of Panama. Temperatures and the distribution of rainfall are affected by the steady northeasterly trade winds and by the mountains over which they must climb between north and south. On the north cost temperatures range from 80' F in summer to 75' in winter; on the south coast temperatures are slightly higher. Temperatures range from 5 to 10 degrees lower in the mountains than on the coasts. Lying in the path of hurricanes, Puerto Rico has suffered heavy damage from storms. Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States by Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War. In 1952, it became a self-governing commonwealth, freely associated with the United States. THE DIOMEDES Of significant inter-national importance are the Diomede Islands in the middle of the Bering Strait. The boundary between the United States and Russia, set by treaty in 1867 when the'United States bought Alaska from Russia, cuts through the Diomede Islands. At this point, American soil is in sight of the Soviet-Union. Little Diomede Island, on'!- the American side, is only 2.1 miles east of Big Diomede Island on the Soviet side of the line. The Diomede Islands ,are rocky and steepsided and surrounded by deep water. They tend to appear as plateaus.out of which rise peaks of more than 1000 feet elevation. The greatest *height on the American Little Diomede Island, which is about 5 square miles in area, is 1309; and the highest elevation on the Russian Big Diomede Island, about 20 square miles in area, is 1667 feet. THE ALEUTIANS Just south of the Diomede Islands are the Aleutian Islands characterized by devastating earth movements and volcanic action. New islands rise from the sea and old ones are reshaped quickly and violently. This chain of some 70 treeless islands extends over 900 miles between the tip of the Alaska Peninsula and Kamchatka. The Aleutian Islands are largely mountainous with irregular shorelines and rocky cliffs jutting from the ocean. There are between 30 and 40 volcanoes scattered throughout the island chain. PADRE ISLAND Padre Island, the I ongest of the Gulf coa 'st islands, is of special interest in that Laguna Madre, the third most saline body of water in the world, flows along its inner edge. An unusual phenomena concerning this island is that one can dig almost anywhere in the sand to a depth of a few feet and find fresh water. Porous, sandy islands such as this contain a dome-shaped lens of fresh water floating upon a concave surface of salt water. The fresh water is able to float upon the salt water'because it is of smaller density thus displacing the salt water by its weight. THE-FLORIDA KEYS The Florida Keys, a 150-mile-long chain of coral limestone islands, curves southwest around the tip of the Florida Peninsula from Virginia Key just south of Miami Beach to Key West, 100 miles from Havana, Cuba. The keys are narrow and generally covered by dense growths of low trees and shrubs, with mangrove swamps on the landward side; their flora includes many plants typical of the West Indies. The islands, notably Key Largo, the.largest of the islands-- 28-'2 miles long, and Key Westj the southermo'st city of the conterminous United States, are best known for their commercial and sport fishing-and as resorts. From Key Largo to Key West the islands are linked by a 123-mile-long highway which crosses to the mainland at Key Largo. From northwest to southwest, the principal islands are: Virginia Key, Key Biscayne,-Sands Key, Elliott Key, Key Largo, Plantation Key, Upper Matecumbe Key, Lower Matecumbe Key, Long Key, Grassy Key, Vaca Key, Pigeon Key, West Summerland Key, Big Pine Key, Torch Keys, Ramrod Key, Summerland Key, Cudjoe Key', Sugarloaf Key, Saddlebunch Key, Boca Chica Key, and Key West. ISLANDS FOR RECREATION Due to the popularity of our ocean beaches, the importance of successful exploitation of the coastal islands suitable for recreational. purposes has become quite evident. Ocean City, Maryland, is an excellent example -of island development for recreational purposes. "Ocean House" appeared on a map of Worcester County in 1866, 'and.it was about this time that a land grant was patented on the site 12 of Ocean City proper. The City was founded and formally opened to visitors on July 4, 1875. The railroad was extended to Ocean City in 1881, and since that time prog- ress in developing the area has gone forward at a steady pace. Fenwick Island, the popular resort at the southern border of Delaware, now forms the northern terminus of Ocean City. The entire ocean front from Fenwick Island to Sinepuxent Inlet, a distance of more than 10 miles, is rapidly becoming one of the finest ocean recreational areas on the east coast. The creation of National Wildlife Refuges on many of our coastal -islands is another successful step forward in island development. The 5600-acre Blackbeard Island National Wild- life Refuge is one of the most fascinating wildlife areas on the east coast. Despite frequent change in owndership, it has remained unexploited and largely untouched. Unlike other islands of this size, natural conditions for the pro- tection and increase of wildlife are remarkably varied and afford suitable haunts for many species. Assateague Island, off the coasts of Maryland a nd Virgini a, is another island that has not been extensively developed and is, for the most part, still in its natural setting. Plans have been made to develop a portion of the island as a seashore park with areas set aside for camping and recreational facilities. The site has an ocean frontage of approximately two miles with a fine bathing beach. ISLAND PRESERVATION Our coastline and island beaches are constantly chan ging under the influences of nature. Abnormal weather conditions, erosion, accretion,-and wind work together in a cycle build- ing up and wearing down our beaches. Waves break upon the beach; water runs up the slope of the shore, and as it recedes in an angular path a portion of the sand is carried with it. The sand continues to be carried up and down the beach by successive waves and is eventually deposited on an adjacent island or shore. Extensive planning for the con- trol and prevention of shore erosion by wave action and currents, and for the protection, restoration, and preserva-. tion of island beaches must be done before our coastal islands can be successfully developed. During the Atlantic coast storm of March 1962, considered the worst ever to hit the eastern seaboard, 20- to 30-foot waves atop high water battered the coastline from Florida to Maine, with severe damage occurring between North .. .... .. . AMR FN -Bov- 4@. LA) Nantucket lslon.d,,.,:Mass." 14 Carolina and Long Island. The most severe loss was often the sand itself. A portion of the ocean beach of Assateague. Island, off the coasts of Maryland and Virginia, was moved inland over 400 feet. The island was leveled and the sand blown into the interior bay. Federal, state, and local programs have been initiated to reclaim and preserve our beaches, and modern engineering techniques have been developed to enlarge and stabilize these recreational areas. Protective structures--breakwaters, jetties, seawalls, spurs, spilling, and groins--have been built along our coastline to lessen the erosive effects of wind and tide. Dredging and borrowing of sand from inland areas is being done to rebuild and enlarge beach areas. However, extreme care must be taken in the placement of these protective structures. Knowledge of erosive forces, together with a complete survey and record of the physical characteristics of the area under consideration, is essential to assure that structures will be designed to assist rather than oppose nature in her work. If unnatural accretion is caused in one locality, it is done at the expense of unnatural or accelerated erosion in another area. As-an example of this, protective structures built at Longport,- New Jersey, on the shore of Egg Harbor Inlet, were a major factor in accelerating the process of erosion of the beach at Ocean City, New Jersey, on the adjacent shore. Over a period of years, portions of the beach totally disappeared. Today, more and more people are turning to the coastal areas of this country for their leisure time and recreation. Conservation and preservation of our island recreation resources will provide enjoyment for many people in the years to come. 15 TABLE 1 Appendix I LARGEST ISLANDS ADJACENT TO THE 48 STATES ISLAND LOCATION AREA(SQ. MI) Lat. Long. Amelia Is., Fla. 30037'N - 81027'W 24 Anastasia Is., Fla. 29049'N - 81016'W 13 Aquidneck Is., R.I. 41032'N - 770l6f3O"W 39 Assateague Is., Md. 38008'N - 75012'W 28 Bainbridge Is., Wash. 47039'N - 122032'W 26 Beaver Is., Mich. 45038'N - 85032'W 56- Block Is., R.I. 41011'N - 71034'W 11 Bodie Is., N.C. 30000'N - 75040'W 37 Bois Blanc Is., Mich. 45045'N - 84028'W 35 Camano Is., Wash. 48010'N - 122022'W 40 Cat. Is., S.C. 33011'30"N - 79014'W 19 Cedar Is., N.C. 34056'N --76020'W 21 Cedar Is., S.C. 33009'N - 79018'W 6 Cedar Is., Va. 37037130"N - 75036'30"W 10 Chandeleur Is., La. 29050'N - 88050'W 8 Chincoteague Is., Md. 37056'N - 75022'W 7 Core Banks, N.C. 34048'N - 760201W 8 Cumberland Is., Ga. 30050'N - 81027'W 34 Daufuskie Is., S.C. 32007'N - 80052'W 10 16 TABLE 1 Largest Islands (Cont'd) Deer Isle, Me. 44012'N - 68040'W 24 Edisto Is., S.C. 32035'N - 80019'W 54 Fidalgo Is., Wash. 48027'N - 122035'W 30 Galveston Is., Tex 29013'N - 95055'W .6 Goose Creek Is., N.C. 35016130"N - 7603313011w 35 Hartstene Is., Wash. 47014'N - 122053'W 18 Hatteras Is., N.C. 35020'N - 76032'W 30 Hilton Head Is., S.C. 32011'30"N - 80044'W 42 Isle Au Haut, Me. 44002'N - 68037'30"W 10 Isleboro Is., Me. 44020'N - 68054'W 11 Isle of Palms, S.C. 32048'N - 79046'W 4 Isle Royale, Mich. 48000'N - 88050'W 210 James Is., S.C. 32042'N - 79052'W 22 Jekyll Is., Ga. 31005'N - 81025'W 10 Johns Is., S.C. 32042'N - 80005'W 75 Kent Is., Md. 38055'N - 76010'W 33 Key Largo, Fla. 25005'N - 80025'W 29 Little St. Simons is.,Ga. 31016'N - 81019'W 15 Longboat Key, Fla. 27024'N - 82038'W 5 Long Is., N.Y. 40050'N - 73000'W 1401 Long Is., Wash. 46027'N - 123058'W 8 Lopez Is., Wash. 48030'N - 122054'W 26 Manhattan Is., N.Y. 40047'N - 73057'W 22 17 TABLE 1 Largest Islands (Cont'd) Marsh Is., La. 29 34'N - 91 52'W 117 Martha's Vineyard, Mass. 41 24'N - 20 32'W 93 Matagorda Is., Tex. 28 15'N - 96 34'W 70 Merritt Is., Fla. 28 28'N - 80 40'W 93 Metomkin Is., Va. 37 44'N - 75 33'30"W 3 Mount Desert Is., Me. 44 20 N - 68 18'W 108 Murphy Is., S.C. 33 06 30 'N - 79 20' 23 Mustang Is., Tex. 27 44 'N - 97 08'W 26 Nantucket-Is., Mass@ 41 16'N - 70 05'W 46 Naushon Is., Mass. 41 28' 13'N - 70 45'W 9 North Haven, Is., Me. 44 09'N - 68 52'W 11 North Manitou Is., Mich. 45 07'N - 86 01'W 22 Ocracoke Is., N.C. 35 08'N - 75 53 'W 9 Orcas Is., Wash.. 48 40'N - 122 55'W 59 Ossabaw Is., Ga. 31 48'N - 81 07'W 42 Padre Is., Tex. 26 50'N - 97 13'W 99 Paramore Is., Va. 37 32'N - 75 36'W 10 Parris Is., S.C. 32 20'N - 80 42"2 11 Pine Is., Fla. 26 35'N - 82 07'W 31 Piney Is., N.C. 36 23'N - 75 56'W 16 Point Aufer Is., La. 29 17'N - 91 15'W 58 Port Royal Is., S.C. 32 27'N - 80 45'W 70 Portsmouth Is., N.C. 35 02'N - 76 04'W 7 18 TABLE 1 Largest Islands (Cont'd) Roanoke Is., N.C. 35 52'N - 75 40'W 19 St. Catherine Is., Ga. 31 38'N - 81 10'W 21 St. George Is., Fla. 29 40'N - 84 55'W 13 St. Helena Is., S.C. 32 22'N - 80 33'W 59 St. James Is., Fla. 29 56'N - 84 30'W 79 St. Joseph Is., Tex. 28 00'N - 96 55'W 46 St. Simons Is., Ga. 31 14'N - 81 22'W 36 St. Vincent Is., Fla. 29 29'30'N - 85 08'30"W 19 San Clemente Is., Calif., 32 55'N - 118 29'W 57 Sanibel Is., Fla. 26 26'30'N - 82 07'W 16 San Juan Is., Wash. 48 32'N - 123 05'W 56 San Miguel Is., Calif. 34 02'N - 120 23'W 14 San Nicolas Is., Calif 33 15'N - 119 30'W 22 Santa Barbara Is., Calif. 33 28'30'N - ll9 44'W 2 Santa Catalina Is., Calif. 33 24'N - 118 25'W 75 Santa Cruz Is., Calif. 34 01'N - 119 44'W 90 Santa Rosa Is., Calif. 33 58'N - 120 06'W 82 Santa Rosa Is., Fla. 30 23'N - 86 50'W 14 Sap-elo Is,., Ga. 31 28'30'N - 81'15'W 36 Skidaway Is., Ga. 31 56'N - 81 03'W 18 Staten Is., N.Y. 40 35'N - 74 09'W 57 Swan's Is., Me. 44 10'N - 68 24'W 11 Taylors Is., Md. 38 28'N - 76 18'30W 12 19 TABLE 1 Largest Islands (Cont'd) 31059'30"N - 80053'W 15 Tybee Is., Ga. Vashon Is., Wash. 47025'N - 122029'W 28- Vinalhaven Is., Me. 44005'N - 68051'W 15 Wadmalaw Is., S.C. 32040'N - 80010'W 43 Wallops Is., Va. 37052'N - 75028'W 6 Washington Is., Wis. 45022'N -.86054'W 20 Whidbey Is., Wash. 48010'N - 1220331w 172 Wilmington Is., Ga. 31059'30"N - 80058'W 19 20 Appendix II TABLE 2 LARGEST ALASKAN ISLANDS ISLAND LOCATION AREA (SQ. MI.) Adak 51050'N - 176040'W 289 Admiralty 57045'N - 134025'W 1650 Afognak. 58015'N - 152035'W 721 Agattu 52026'N - 173035'E 85 Akun 54012'N - 165033'W 63 Akutan 54"08'N - 165"54tW 127 Amchitka 51030'N - 179000'W 121 Amlia 52005'N - 173030'W 169 Amukta 52029'N - 171015'W 36 Annette 55009'N - 130028'W 132 Atka 52010'N - 174030'W 422 Attu 52054!N - 172"56'E 338 Augustine 59"22'N - 153"271W 41 Baranof 57"OO'N - 1350001W 1597 Chichagof 57050'N - 135040'W 2085 Chirikof 550 50'N- 155038'W 46 Chuginadak 52050'N - 169050'W 63 Dall 55000'N - 133000'W 253 Dee r 54055'N - 162020'W 57 Dolgoi 55008'N - 161045'W 38 Douglas 58015'N - 134028'W 76 21 TABLE 2 Largest Islands (Cont'd) Duke 54 56'N - 131 20'W 55 Esther 60 52'N - 148 02'W 53 Etolin 56 07'N - 132 25'W 345 Gravina 55 15'N - 131 46'W 94 Great Sitkin 52 03'N - 176 06'W 61 Hagemeister 58 40'N - 160 55'W 125 Hawkins 60 32'N - 146 04'W 69 Heceta 55 45'N - 133 35'W 68 Hinchin4qbrook 60 23'N - 146 25'W 173 Kagalaska 51 49'N - 176 20'W 47 Kanaga 51 46'N - 177 20'W 135 Kiska 52 00'N - 178 32'W 110 Knight 60 20'N - 147 42'W 105 Kodiak 57 30'N - 153 30'W 3670 Kosciusco 56 02'N - 133 32'W 171 Kruzof 57 10'N - 135 40'W 170 Kuiu 56 30'N- 134 05'W 750 Kupreanof 56 46'N - 133 25'W 1090 Long 54 51'N - 132 43'W 45 Mitkof 56040'N - 132 50'W 210 Montague 60 05'N - 147 22'W 323 Nagai 55 05'N - 160 'W 114 22 TABLE 2 Largest Islands (Cont'd) Nelson 60 40'N - 164 50'W 843 Nunivak 60 06'N - 166 20'W 1625 Popof 55 20'N - 160 24'W 37 Prince of Wales, 55 30'N - 132 45'W 2587 Raspberry 58 08'N - 153 10'W 77 Revillagigedo 55 35'N - 131 20'W 1145 St. Lawrence 63 30'N - 170 30'W 1712 St. Mathew 60 22'N - 172 50'W 123 Sanak 54 27'N - 162 42'W 50 Sequam 52 20'N - 172 28'W 81 Semisopochnoi 51 57'N - 179 37'E 87 Shuyak 58 33'N - 153 30'W 88 Sitkalidak 57 07'N - 153 15'W 121 Sitkinak 56 33'N - 154 07'W 98 Stuart 63 35'N - 162 30'W 53 Suemez 55 15'N - 133 20'W 58 Sukkwan 55 05'N - 132 45'W 66 Tanaga 51 47'N - 177 57'W 209 Tigalda 54 06'N - 165 04'W 34 Tugidak 56 30 'N - 154 38'W 71 Uganik 57 53'N - 153 20'W 55 Umnak 53 15'N - 168 20'W 687 Unalaska 53 45'N - 167 00'W 1064 23 TABLE 2 Largest Islands (Cont'd) Unga 55*45'N - 160*42'W 168 Unimak 54*45'N - 164*00'W 1608 Wrangell 56*18'N - 132*10'W 217 Yakobi 58*00'N - 136*28'W 82 Yunaska 52*38'N - 170*42'W 66 Zarembo 56*22'N - 132*50'W 183 24 Appendix III TABLE 3 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS ISLAND LOCATION AREA (SQ. MI.) Hawaii 19*30'N - 155*30'W 4,021 Maui 20*48'N - 156*20'W 728 Oahu 21*30'N - 158*00'W 604 Kauai 22*05'N - 159*32'W 555 Molokai 21*08'N - 157*00'W 259 Lanai 20*50'N - 156*55'W 141 Niihau 21*55'N - 160*14'W 72 Kahoolawe 20*38'N - 156*37'W 45 Midway 28*12'N - 177*21'W 2 25 Appendix IV TABLE 4 FIFTY LARGEST ISLANDS ADJACENT TO FORTY-EIGHT STATES ISLAND LOCATION AREA (SQ. MI.) 1. Long Island, N.Y. 40*50'N - 73*00'W 1401 2. Isle Royale, Mich. 48*00'N - 88*50'W 210 3. Whidbey Is. Wash. 48*10'N - 122*33'W 172 4. Marsh Is., La. 29*34'N - 91*52'W 117 5. Mount Desert Is., Me. 44*20'N - 68*18'W 108 6. Padre Is. Texas 26*50'N - 97*13'W 99 7. Martha's Vineyard, Mass. 41*24'N - 70*32'W 93 8. Merritt Is., Florida 28*28'N - 80*40'W 93 9. Santa Cruz Is., Calif. 34*01'N - 119*44'W 90 10. Santa Rose Is., Calif. 33*58'N - 120*06'W 82 11. St. James Is., Florida 29*56'N - 84*30'W 79 12. Johns Is., S. C. 32*42'N - 80*05'W 75 13. Santa Catalina Is, Calif. 33*24'N - 118*25'W 75 14. Matagorda Is., Texas 28*15'N - 96*34'W 70 15. Port Royal Is., S.C. 32*27'N - 80*45'W 70 16. Orcas Is., Wash. 48*40'N - 122*55'W 59 17. Helena Is., S.C. 32*22'N - 80*33'W 59 18. Point Au Fer Is., La. 29*17'N - 91*15'W 58 19. San Clemente Is., Calif. 32*55'N - 118*29'W 57 20. Staten Is., N.Y. 40*35'N - 74*09'W 57 21. Beaver Is., Michigan 45*38'N - 85*32'W 56 22. San Juan Is., Wash. 48*32'N - 123*05'W 56 26 TABLE 4 Largest Islands (Cont'd) 23. Edisto Is., S.C. 32*35'N - 80*19'W 54 24. Nantucket Is., Mass. 41*6'N - 70*05'W 46 25. St. Joseph Is., Texas 28*00'N - 96*55'W 46 26. Wadamalaw Is., S. C. 32*40'N - 80*10'W 43 27. Hilton Head Is., S. C. 32*11'30"N - 80*44'W 42 28. Ossabaw Is., Ga. 31*48'N - 81*07'W 42 29. Camano Is., Wash. 48*10'N - 122*22'W 40 30. Aquidneck Is., R.I. 41*32'N - 77*16'30"W 39 31. Bodie Is., N.C. 30*00'N - 75*40'W 37 32. St. Simons Is., Ga. 31*14'N - 81*22'W 36 33. Sapelo Is., Ga. 31*28'30"N - 81*15'W 36 34. Bois Blanc Is., Mich. 45*45'N - 84*28'W 35 35. Goose Creek Is., N. C. 35*16'30"N - 76*33'30"W 35 36. Cumberland Is., Ga. 30*50'N - 81*27'W 34 37. Kent Is., Md. 38*55'N - 76*10'W 33 38. Pine Is., Fla. 26*35'N - 82*07'W 31 39. Fidalgo Is., Wash. 48*27'N - 122*35'W 30 40. Hatteras Is., N.C. 35*20'N - 76*32'W 30 41. Key Largo, FL 25*05'N - 80*25'W 29 42. Assateaque Is., Md. 38*08'N - 75*12'W 28 43. Vashon Is., Wash. 47*25'N - 122*29'W 28 44. Bainbridge Is., Wash. 47*39'N - 122*32'W 26 27 TABLE 4 Largest Islands (Cont'd) 45. Lopez Is., Wash 48*30'N - 122*54'W 26 46. Mustang Is., Texas 27*44'N - 97*08'W 26 47. Amelia Is., Fla. 30*37'N - 81*27'W 24 48. Deer Isle, Me. 44*12'N - 68*40'W 24 49. Murphy Is., S. C. 33*06'30"N - 79*20'W 23 50. Manhattan Is., N. Y. 40*47'N - 73*57'W 22 28 Appendix V TABLE 5 FIFTY LARGEST ALASKAN ISLANDS ISLAND LOCATION AREA (SQ. MI.) 1. Kodiak 57030'N - 153030'W 3,670 2. Prince of Wales 55030'N - 1320451W 2,587 3. Chichagof 57050'N - 135040'W 2,085 4. St. Lawrence 63030'N - 170030'W 1,712 5. Admiralty 57045'N - 134025'W 1,650 6. Nunivak, 60006'N - 166020'W 1,625 7. Unimak 54045'N - 164000'W l,608 8. Baranof 57000'N - 135000'W 1,597 9. Revillagidedo 55035'N - 131020'W 1,145 10. Kupreanof 56046'N - 133025'W 1,090 11. Unalaska 53045'N - 16700'W 1,064 12. Nelson 60040'N - 16450'W 843 13. Kuiu 56030'N - 13405'W 750 14. Afognak 5815'N - 15235'W 721 15. Umnak 5315'N - 16820'W 687 16. Atka 5210'N - 17430'W 422 17. Etolin 5607"N - 13225W 345 18. Attu 5254N - 17256'E 338 19. Montague 60005'N - 14722'W 323 20. Adak 5150'N - 17640'W 289 29 TABLE 5 Alaskan Island (Cont'd) 21. Dall 5500'N - 13300W 253 22. Wrangell 5618'N - 13210'W 217 23. Mitkof 5640'N - 13250'W 210 24. Tanaga 5147'N - 17757'W 209 25. Zarembo 5622'N - 13250'W 183 26. Hinchinbrook 6023'N - 14625'W 173 27. Kosciusco 5602'N - 13332'W 171 28. Kruzof 5710'N - 13540'W 170 29. Amlia 5205'N - 17330'W 169 30. Unga 5545'N - 16042'W 168 31. Kanaga 5146'N - 17720'W 135 32. Annette 5509'N - 13038'W 132 33. Akutan 5408'N - 16554'W 127 34. Hagemeister 5840'N - 16055'W 125 35. St. Mathew 6022'N - 17250'W 123 36. Amchitka 5130'N - 17900'W 121 37. Sitkalidak 5707'N - 15315'W 121 38. Nagai 5505'N - 16000'W 114 39. Kiska 5200'N - 17832'W 110 30. Knight 6020'N - 14742'W 105 41. Sitkinak 5633'N - 15407'W 98 42. Gravina 5515'N - 13146'W 94 30 TABLE 5 Alaskan Islands (Cont'd) 43. Shuyak 5833'N - 15230'W 88 44. Semisopochnoi 5157'N - 17937'E 87 45. Agattu 5226'N - 17335'E 85 46. Yakobi 5800'N - 13628'W 82 47. Seguam 5220'N - 17228'W 81 48. Raspberry 5808'N - 15310'W 77 49. Douglas 5815'N - 13428'W 76 50. Tugidak 5630'N - 15438'W 71 31 Appendix VI Information and charts of islands are listed below and may be obtained from the agencies indicated: Agency Type of Information National Ocean Survey Nautical charts of Distribution Division (C44) coastal islands of Riverdale, Maryland 20840 U.S., Puerto Rico, Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Wake, Samoa, Midway, Swains, and Howland Islands. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation Islands available for U.S. Dept. of the Interior Recreation Washington, D.C. 20240 Bureau of Land Management Public Iand for sale U.S. Dept. of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 USCOMM-NOS-74 3.61668 14103.711,4,..,.. COASTAL ZONE