    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                                               THE

                                SHORE EROSION STUDY
                                          Technical Report

                                             Appendix 9

                              SHORELINE EROSION AND BLUFF STABILITY ALONG LAKE MICHIGAN

                                      AND LAKE SUPERIOR SHORELINES OF WISCONSIN

                                    DOUGLAS AND WESTERN BAYFIELD COUNTIES
                                         WISCONSIN POINT TO BARK BAY

                                                       E. Need                COASTAL ZONE
                                                     M. Johnsm
                                                     M. Schultz           INFORMATION CENTER
                                                      S. Pulley
                                                    D. Mickelson
                                                       T. Edil
                                                     R. DeGroot
                                                      A. Bagchi

                                                  July 1980

                   GB
                   459.5
                   M5
                   S5
                 appendix 9                                            WISCONSIN

                                          COASTAL MANAGEMENT

    Wisconsin Coastal Zone Management Pro!

                           This report has been prepared through the cooperative
                           efforts of the 1--Tisconsin Geological and Matural 'History
                           Survey, the University of Wisconsin (Madison, Milwaulkee,
                           Parkside, and Extension), the T,,Tisconsin Department of
                           Natural Resources, and the Office of Coastal Management,
                           Wisconsin Department of Administration. Assistance was
                           further provided by Owen-Ayres and Associates.

                           This report is being reproduced quickly and in a limited
                           quantity for dissemination to local governments and
                           interested parties.

                                                                                                     4dML-

                           Financial assistance for this study has been provided by the
                           Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 administered by the federal
                           Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic an4
                           Atmospheric Administration.

                                                                   US Department of Commerce
                                                     2        NOAA Coastal Services Center Library
                                                                    2234 South Hobson Avenue
                                                INTRODUCTION        CharleoWn,, SC 29405-2413

                          This Appendix provides detailed information on shoreline conditions

                     for the Lake Superior shoreline between Wisconsin Point and the mouth of

                     Bark River. The order of i  nformational materials in the Appendix is

                     from west to east. The shoreline has been broken down into reaches and

                     by geographic sections within these reaches. (figure 1). Each reach

                     has a general description followed by the detailed information for   .the

                     geographic sections within that reach.

                          For each geographic section, a more detailed narrative is presented

                     along with a map and two types of bluff profiles. Shown on the map are

                     the locations of measured profiles, and subsection divisions that are

                     de@;cribed separately. Engineering data such as safety factor, the confi-

                     dence level of this safety factor, and the distance the slope must retreat
                     before'a stable slope angle is obtained (assuming no further wave

                     erosion at-the toe) are also given. The subsection descriptions

                     include the.materials, condition, failure mechanisms, and,degree of

                     vegetative cover of the beach, toe, and bluff within the section. The

                     measured profiles, from bluff  top to water's edge, are presented. These

                     profiles show stratigraphy, slope angles, circles of failure, and calculated

                     safety factors for these sites. Finally, a longitudinal,profile of the

                     shoreline of the section, showing the locations and stratigraphy of

                     the measured profiles is given. Section data were collected in   the summer

                     of 1979.

                          Locationof geotechnical borings is indicated on Figure 1 at the

                     beginning.of the Appendix. Detailed information pertaining to   these

                     boreholes.are included in the Appendix where they occur  within.the-reaches.

                                                '3

                  A text describing the borehole site, a location map, and several measured

                  profiles are included. Where data were available, the engineering

                  properties and the borehole log are also given. Geotechnical data were

                  obtained during the summer of 1978.

                       The measured profiles, the safety factors,,and the stability lines

                  will all change through time so some caution is appropriate when utilizing

                  this information.

                       The meaning of abbreviations used in the Appendix is given below.

                  For more detailed description of the methods used in compiling the

                  data, regional interpretations, and conclusions about the engineering

                  characteristics and types of slope failure taking place refer to-the main

                  report (Shoreline Erosion and Bluff Stability Along Lake Michigan and Lake

                  Superior Shorelines of Wisconsin) available from the State Planning Office

                  and the Wisconsin Geological Natural History Survey.

                                                        4

                                        Symbols Used
                              @used  as nouns and adjectives)

                                     b     brown                        br       bedrock
                                     bd    boulders                    dbr       disturbed-bedrock
                                     c     clay or clayey              rst       red sandy till
                                     co    coarse
                                     f     fine
                                     9     gravel
                                     m     medium
                                     p     pebbles
                                     r     red
                                     s     sand
                                     si    silt
                                     t     till
                                     y     cobbles

                                     SF    Factor of Safety
                                           A - unsatisfactory (1-00)
                                           B - questionable (1.00-1.25)
                                           C - satisfactory (1.25)

                                  'Conf..  Confidence Level
                                           A - high confidence     at borehole
                                           B - medium confidence - near borehole
                                                    stratigraphy  visible
                                           C - low confidence -   away from borehole,
                                                    stratigraphy  questionable

                                     SL    Stability line - the   distance slope
                                                    must retreat  to attain a stable
                                                    slope angle. This assumes no erosion
                                                    at toe and unchanged conditions of
                                                    nature of material and water table.

                                                     Faack

                                                      &4c@k ;z

                ;4JQlJ CIOKt-y

                                                                           57

                            in
                                                                                         le
                                                                                          -.1,

                                                             tA

                                                       6

                                                   GEOLOGY

                           Detailed stratigraphic investigations of the bluffs along the

                      Wisconsin shoreline of Lake Superior reveal the presence of three till

                      units. Theoldest till unit is composed of the Jardine Creek till, which

                      can be distinguished by its sandy loam texture (average: 61% sand, 24%

                      silt, 15% clay). This till unit is underlain by Precambrian sandstone

                      througout the study area. The till is exposed in the bluffs between

                      the Iron River and Port Wing and on Bark Point. It is present just below

                      lake level in the western part of the study area. This till was derived

                      from bedrock.

                           The next  youngest till units is composed of the Hanson Creek till.

                      This till can  be distinguished by its clay texture (average: 10% sand,

                      32% silt,,58%  clay), its relatively browner color (5YR 3/4), and the

                      complex intermingling patterns of red and gray color bands within it

                      This till also has a lower plasticityindex (38) and higher standard

                      penetration.resistance (21) than the clay.facies of the Douglas till

                      unit (45 and 14, respectively). This till unit is exposed in the bluffs

                      from Wisconsin Point to the Iron River and is absent east of the river.

                      This till was derived from lake sediments deposited during the retreat

                      of ice that. deposited the Jardine Creek till.

                           The youngest till unit is composed of the Douglas till. Two tex-

                      tural facies are present within this unit -- the clay facies (average:

                      10% sand, 26% silt, 64% clay) and the clay-loam facies (average:,40%

                      sand,.27% silt, 33% clay). In.addition, this till can be distinguished

                      by itscharacteristic red color (2.5 YR 4/4) and its occurrence     as the

                      surficial unit of the Lake Superior plain. The clay facies is exposed

                 in the bluff from Wisconsin Point to Port Wing while the clay-loam.

                 facies extends from Port Wing to Bark Bay. This till was derived from

                 lake sediments deposited during the retreat of ice that deposited the

                 Hanson Creek till.

                       In addition to these tills a deposit of sand and gravel that comprises

                 nearly all of the bluffs between Port Wing and Herbster and a deposit of

                 fine-sandy silt between Bardon and Haukkala Creeks are significant bluff

                 constituents.

                      Thus there is evidence in northwestern Wisconsin suggesting at

                 least three episodes of glacial activity during Late Wisconsinan time.

                 These episodes are indicated by the presence of the three till units

                 exposed in the bluffs along the Lake Superior shoreline. Although lakes

                 filled the western end of the basin after each of the till units were

                 deposited,,no lake sediments were observed overlying the youngest unit,

                 the Douglas,.till unit.

                      The till units are tentatively correlated with till units described

                 in Minnesota by Wright (and others, 1970) based on lithologic similarities,

                 stratigraphic relationships, and geographic occurrence. The Jardine

                 Creek,till.unit is correlated to sandy till units deposited during the

                 St. Croix and Automba phases in Minnesota; the Hanson Creek till unit

                 to the clayey till units deposited during the Split Rock phase; and the

                 Douglas till unit to the clayey till units deposited during the Nickerson

                 phase.

                      Because they are based on dates from organic materials that could

                 be contaminated, the ages of the  phases described by Wright (and others,

                 1973),may be too old. Based on more conservative reasoning, the glacial

                                                    8

                     glacial episodes recorded in the study area probably occurred between

                     14,000 and 12,000yrs BP. They may be as young as 10,200 yrs BP.

                          The Lake Superior basin is presently undergoing glacial rebound

                     or uplift in response to the unloading of the ice mass. This.uplift,

                     however, is not occurring uniformly across the basin. The northeast

                     is rising at a faster rate than the southeast. As a result, the basin

                     is being tilted and the water in the lake is rising against the Wisconsin

                     shoreline. This differential uplift has, in part, contributed  to erosion

                     processes along the Wisconsin shoreline since waves can more directly

                     act against coastal bluffs and beaches.

                                                                                                    [0, 4T-
                                                                 !5.9                                                  -0-71
                                                             E91 -- I -

                                                                                                                             6.6

                                                                                       E1.6 D
                                                        0.1                         -1.9
                                                                                1.3.2 1 - I

                                                                                                                                     Ise
                                                                                                                           E-1      C LV L R

                                                                                                                                    Clow

                                                                                                             SIDE

                                               ly;

                                     AVERAGE ANNUAL Ft   ECESSION RATES IN FEET
                                         193u-,66 -E- I @j 1     1 1938.'76

                                                    Itj

                                                                                                                                                                     1.4     1.,
                                                                                                           0                        2.0 4.6     -6
                                                                                                                                                                [0.7 1 0.31 C'.
                                                                                                                                           -5-
                                                                                                                                     0.1 3.      1.0
                                                                                                            o.4   -     -
                                                                                                                            ----      !). 2 12.4   0.4        0.2
                                                                            0                                 1.8 11.3 1 1.7                              1.1
                                                                                                                0    0.9 0.1
                                                                                o

                                                                                     1.6

                                                               0
                                 [19.3                            0.4
                                 q. C.                                 0
                               111.01

                               2.1                                                                                           X

                           to
                            0.1                                                                                6 +1.2
                                                                                                                                      3.9    3.
                         1 1.51 -    1                                                                   40.9
                          1.4                                         j                                      1.9   B.4 3.4
                                                                                           iL
                                                                                                                      CL VE
                                                                                                                                                                   LF,
                          31
                                                                         4
                                                                                                                                                                A

                                                                        I ORT WING
                                                                                                                                                               -7,

                                                                                                                              j
                                                                                                                                                AVERAGE     ANNUAL      RECES
                                                                                                                                                               -E=t
                                          OR-! INTAI                                                                                                                 19 6 6 -'7 5
                                                                                                                                                                Datil 101 -Iva

                                                Reach 1

                       Reach 1 extends from the Minnesota-Wisconsin state line, 3.4,miles

                 to the eastern end of Wisconsin Point. This reach includes Sections 28,

                 27, 34, and 35 of Township 48 North, Range 13 West in Douglas County.

                 Geologically, this reach is a portion of the bay mount bar which separates

                 Lake Superior from Alllouez Bay. Together with Minnesota Point, this bar

                 is the longest fresh water spit in the world and provides natural harbor

                 protection for the ports of Superior and Duluth.

                       Wisconsin Point is composed of sandy material which  has been trans-

                 ported to the western end of the Superior Basin by  the littoral currents

                 which trend east to west. The sand is derived from the erosion of shorelines

                 to the east. Beaches are sandy and range from as much as 300 feet wide

                 near the Superior Entry to near zero at the eastern end of this reach.

                       Erosion in this reach varies greatly. The western-half of Wisconsin

                 Point has a stable shoreline, and in some places is experiencing accretion.

                 The area of maximum accretion occurs at the  western end where the jetties

                 of the Superior Entry block  the littoral movement of material. The eastern

                 half of the reach is eroding at a rate of approximately 1 foot per year.

                       The land is entirely owned by the City of Superior and Douglas County

                 with recreation being the major land use. A sanitary landfill is located

                 in the western section of the  reach in an area of active erosion. Alterna-

                 tives for the protection of the landfill are being investigated at the

                 present time. The only shoreline protection structures in this reach

                 are the jetties at the Superior Entry.

                                                      12

                                                Borehole Site 1

                           Borehole Site 1 is  located between Reaches 1 and 2, within the corporate

                     boundaries of the City of Superior. Sections 35 and.36 of Township 49 North,

                     Range 13 West comprise this 2.1 mile site. This study area includes Wisconsin

                     Point (the bay mouth bar which separates Lake Superior from Allouez Bay) and

                     the western portion of the red clay bluffs which dominate much of the Douglas

                     County shoreline'.

                           Wisconsin Point occupies nearly all of Section 35. Sand dunes 10 to

                     15 feet in height are present in the western portion and a wetland is located

                     between Wisconsin Point and the mainland (see Profile I and 2). Beach widths

                     in Section 35 decrease from 75 feet in the west to zero in the east.

                           .The.bluffs located in the eastern portion of Section 35 and in Section

                     36 average 50 to 60 feet in height. Two stratigraphic units are.identifiable

                     within the bluff face: an upper, redder clay unit    and a lower,  browner clay

                     unit. This  lower layer is exposed at the bluff toe east of Dutchman's     Creek

                     to the end of  the reach. This browner unit has a higher silt content    and

                     a greater percentage of cobble to boulder size clasts. The clay units

                     located in this study area extend eastward through Douglas County and into

                     western Bayfield County.

                           The role of vegetation in bluff stabilization is well illustrated in

                     this study area. In section 35 and the wester 1/4 of Section 36, flows and

                     shallow slides are prevalent where vegetation is absent. Rotational slumping,

                     however, appears to unaffected by the presence of vegetation (see    Profiles 6

                     and 8).

                           Beach widths along the bluffs vary from in   excess of 150 feet at the

                     western end to less than 20 feet in the east. The beach environment is highly

                     dynamic along this coast. To illustrate, within a period of oneyear beach

                     widths in some locations increased from zero.to 165 feet (see Profile 4).

                     This change'l*s due, in part, to decreasing lake levels combined with the

                                                 13

                amount of sand in the littoral system.

                                                          14

                                                                               c
                                                                       b                                d
                                                                        b             c                 d.
                                             NA                                                                  5

                                             N A

                                                                                            c

                                                                   SF=0.91
                                             p i           SF%1.99     SF=2.42
                                    1                                         SF=2.45          =2 D 2

                                                                                                                 665
                                                                        660

                                                                                                           ISO".

                                SAFETY FACTOR (SF)                               6 BEACH
                                  A-less thant 1.00
                                  5-1.0D to 1.25                                 5 TOE
                                  C-greater than 1.25                            4 BLUFF
                                            LEVEL                                3 STABILITY LINE
                                  A-at boreholes                                 2 couFIDENCE LEVEL
                                    (high confidence)
                                  s-near boreholes with                            SAFETY FACTOR
                                  ..stratigraphy visible
                                  C-no stratigraghy
                                    visible (low                       APPROXIMATE SCALE
                                    cor(J"i dence)                     I inch    1500 feet

                                                 15

                                            Borehole Site I

                 Bluff:

                       a) None

                       b) 0 to 20% vegetation with shallow slides, flows, and slumps

                       c) 90% vegetation with occasional slumping

                                                                                                       icl
                 Toe:

                       a) None

                       b) Flow terraces and slump debris

                       c) 100% vegetation

                       d) Wave cut. Silty-clay exposed

                 Beach:

                       a) 40 to 90 feet, sand

                       b) No beach marsh

                       C) 45 to 165 feet, sand with some gravel

                       d) 15 to 30 feet, sand

                                                      16

                                                                                   T.49N.,R13 W-SEC35

                                    100-                                                PROFILE I

                                                                                        vegetation
                                    so-                                                 AB - 4C?a'

                                  LwU 60-

                                    40-

                                    20- A             dune sand

                                             M  CO'S

                                             0        40          80        120         160       200

                                    100-                                                PROFILE 2
                                    80-                                                 0% vegetation

                                 LL.u 60-
                                 U_

                                    40-

                                    20

                                       marsh               beach -sand

                                             0        40          80         120        160       200

                                    100-
                                                                                        PROFILE 3

                                    80-                                                 vegetation
                                                                                        AB  60016

                                 u.j 60-
                                 U.
                                             A                      SF= 1.99
                                    40-
                                                          Slum ;@ b Ilb c k
                                    20-        si,c
                                                                     B        beach -sand

                                                                                                  _T_
                                                      40         80         120         160       20-)

                                                                             17

                                                                                                                         T49N.,R13W.,SEC 35.

                                           100 -
                                                                                                                                  PROFILE 4

                                           80 -                                                                                   vegetation
                                                                                                                                  AS - 0%
                                                                   SF=0.9I
                                           60 -

                                           40-

                                           20-               si,c                       B
                                                                                                            beach -sand

                                                          I       I          I
                                                          0               40                 so                 120               160              200

                                           100-
                                                                                                                                  PROFILE 5
                                           80-                                            SF=2.42                                 vegetation
                                                                                                                                  AS     0%
                                                          A                                                                       SC     50%
                                       uj
                                       U.1 60-
                                       LL                    8
                                                                         ,,slump blo k

                                           40-
                                                                      s1'c

                                           20-
                                                                                                                  C               beach -sand

                                                          0              .40                 80                 120               160              200

                                                                                                                         T.49N.,R13W.,SEC 36

                                          100-
                                                                                                                                  PROFILE 6

                                           so-                                                                                    vegetation
                                                                                                  SF=2.45                         AS     0%
                                                          A                                                                       BC     10%
                                       wuj 60 - sic
                                       LL
                                                   p.y,si,c         B        slump

                                           40-

                                           20-                                         cOncealed
                                                                                                                   C

                                                                                                                                   beach      sand & cobbles

                                                         0               40                 80                 120                '160            200

                                                                                          T49 N.,R 13W.,SEC 36

                                       100-
                                                                                                PROFILE 7

                                       80-                       SF=Z.02                        vegetation
                                                                                                AB  10%
                                                                                                BC  100%
                                    uj 60-                                                      CD - 0%
                                    Uj
                                    U.     p,si,c

                                       40--                     8

                                       20-                 concealed

                                                                               bd,p,si.c  D  beach -sand
                                                                                    i
                                                0          40           80         120          160        200

                                       100-
                                                                                                PROFILE 8

                                       80-                                                      vegetation
                                                                                SF=2.33         AB  100%
                                                 A                                              BC  10%
                                    uj 60-
                                    Ui

                                       40-         concealed         slump

                                       20--_                                        B

                                                                        y,p,si,c
                                                                                           C     beach  sand
                                                1                       7-7-
                                                0          40           80          120         160.       200
                                                                 S F= Z .0 2

                                                           co
                                                              ncealed
                                                   _@c o n c e a Lle d

                                                                        L 0 C A T 1 0 N
                                 SGT-1      T49N R13W Sec. 35

                                                                  Pocket
                              Blow Count   (split spoon)       Penetrom ter w   n   Yd       WL    lp          % Clay     01
                    Depth                                        (kg/P)                                           &               c       Descri@jtion
                    (ft.) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100                                 2                                           2
                                                                1 2 3 4 5           qm/cm                 Clay   Silt degree kg/cm          of Loil

                       5                                                      30.5  1.82     66    36   62.0     93.0                   clay,red,silty,
                     10                                                                                                                 trc.sand
                                                                                                                                             (CH)
                                                                              34.2  1.82     77.@  47."' 67.0    90.0
                     20
                     25                                                       40.6  1.82     65.4  28.9 79.0     96.0   33.0     0      clay&si It, It.
                     30                                                                                                                 gray,trc.grvl.
                     35                                                                                                                    (CL&ML)
                     40
                     45                                                       29.1 1.88      36.( 13J   18.0     95.0   28.0    0.08
                     50
                     55                                                                                                                     ECB 50.0
                     60
                     65
                     70
                     75
                     80
                     85
                     90
                     95
                    100
                    105
                    110
                    115
                    120

                                                       20

                                                     Reach 2

                           Reach 2 extends from the eastern end of Wisconsin Point to the mouth

                     of the Bois Brule River. The reach includes approximately 18 miles of,

                     shoreline in Sections 35 and 36 of Township 49 North, Range 13 West,

                     Sections 31, 32, 33,.34, 27, 35, 25, and 36 of Township 49 North, Range

                     12 West, Sections 30, 29, 28, 21, 22, 23, 14, and 13 of Township 49 North,

                     Range 11 West, and Sections 18, 17, 8 and 9 of Township 49 North, Range

                     10 West in Douglas County. The entire shoreline is made up of high bluffs

                     composed mainly of two clay units. Bluffs average 50 feet in height with

                     a maximum of 80 feet. Three miles west of the Bois Brule River the bluff

                     begins to decrease in height from 50 feet to 30 feet near the mouth of

                     the river.

                          @'Erosi6n rates of 1 to 7-feet per year have been measured along this

                     reach of shoreline. The only portions which appear to be stabilized are

                     near, the mouths of rivers and streams. These streams are actively     down-

                     cutting in their headwater reaches, but th   e mouths are drowned. Some

                     carrying large quantities of sediment into Lake Superior. Beaches serve

                     as a protective barrier to wave action at these locations. Where no stream

                     is present, beaches are narrow or absent. Waves can easily cross these

                     bedches-and directly attack the bluff toe.     Toe erosion over-steepens the

                     bluffstand triggers slides and rotational slumping. Excessive rainfall

                     commonly saturates the upper layers of the clay, decreasing soil strength.

                     As a result,  flows and shallow slides are the dominant erosion     meachanisms

                     during wet periods.

                           The land  is entirely privately-owned with the exception of the eastern-

                     most 1.3 miles  of shoreline which is part of the Brule River State Forest.

                                                 21

                 The majority of the land is. undeveloped with access to the shoreline

                 limited to a few section line roads and roads which lead to stream mouths.

                 A park and public boat landing at the mouth of the Bois Brule is maintained

                 by the State of Wisconsin.

                       Only three structures are located within this reach. A timber groin

                 and sunken barge are located at the east side of the Amnicon River. These

                 structures are completely deteriorated and non"functional. Just west of

                 Bardon Creek, a poured concrete groin has developed a beach along its

                 western side.

                                                    22

                                                .Section 35,T 49 N, R 13 W

                        The section is located at the base of Wisconsin Point. Along the

                        western third of the shoreline, a moderately-wide, sandy beach is

                        present. Behind most of this beach subsection is the city of Superior's

                        old landfill. The next third of the beach is characterized by the

                        addition of sand to the beach by the deposition of material in long-

                        shore transport. Inland from this beach subsection is a marsh.

                        The last subsection is marked by a forty foot bluff along the shoreline.

                        The bluff is naturally protected by a wide, sandy beach; however,

                        the bluff itself has not stabilized. Failure is predominantly

                        by shallow sliding, but occasional deeper slides are present. The

                        bluff material is red clay, most of which has slumped.  The toe is

                        also composed of slumped, red clay. Vegetative cover  is quite poor

                        and is restricted to clumps@of sod and occasional small alders moving

                        downslope on slump blocks. Because of its easy access and proximity

                        to Superior, this last subsection is heavily used.

                                                  23

                               SEC35 T49N R13W

                                                                        SAFETY FACTOR
                                                                          A-less than 1.0o
                                                                          B-1.00 to 1.25
                                                                          C-greater than 1.2S

                                                                        CONFIDENCE LMML
                                                                          A-boreholes
                                                                            (high confidence)
                                                                          B-near boreholes
                                                                            strati-graphy visible
                                                                          C-no stratigraphy
                                                                            visible (low
                                                                            confidence)

                                                                                 A

                                                                                      CA

                                                            3S

                                                         24

                                             Sec. 35, T 49 N, R 13 W

                     Bluff-

                        a) absent

                        b) 40  ft; broadly scalloped crest; shallow sliding with occasional
                            moderately deep slides; 10-20% grass, horsetails, some small
                            alders; slumped red clay

                    Toe:

                        a)  absent

                        b)  slumped red clay,  protected, partially vegetated with grass and
                            horsetails

                     Beach.

                        a)  spit

                        b)  spit backed by lagoon

                        C)  100-150 ft wide; coarse sand with scattered cobbles throughout
                            width and with a concentration of pebbles and granules near the
                            water'sledge

                                                      25

                     120-                                                                             Profile 3 5

                     100-                                                                                 ft. to 5 ft -depth

                     so-

                  LU
                  LU 60-              0.77
                  LL              S F

                     40-

                     20-
                                 rc

                        I         bc
                              20     40    60    80     ioO   120   140    160   180    200    220   240   260   2E

                     120-
                                                                                                      Profile 3 5 -2

                     100-                                                                                 ft. to5ft-depth

                     so-               SF=0.91                                                                     00

                  LLJ 60-
                  LU
                  LL

                     40-

                     20

                                     rc
                                     -bE--
                              20     40    66    8'0    1 '00 120   140    160   1 0    200    220   240    260   280

                     120-                                                                             Profile

                     100-                                                                                 f Uo 5 f t.depth

                     so-

                  LU
                  LU 60-
                  U_

                     40-

                     20-
                                r
                                 @c
                                 -

                              20     40    60           100   120   14'0   1@0   1@0    2,00   220   240   260    280
                                                                   FEET                        a

                                                                 T. 4 9 N., R. 13 W,Se c. 35

                             240-

                             220-

                             200-

                             180-
                                                                                                                                                        rQ

                             )60-

                             140

                          uj
                          ui
                             120

                             100

                             so

                             60

                             40-

                                                                                               rc     rc
                             20
                                                                                               rc

                                       0           1000        2000         3000        4000         5000
                                                                  F E E T

                                                27

                                           Section 36 T 49 N, R 13 W

                         The section is located a mile east of Wisconsin Point and

                    is bisected by Dutchman Creek. The bluff is 50 ft. high, except

                    at the streams, and extends throughout the section. At its western

                    end, the bluff is failing by shallow sliding. It is poorly vegetated

                    grass and alder being restricted to slump blocks moving downslope -

                    and is composed of red clay. T he rest of the bluff shows only minor

                    evidence of recent instability. It is well-vegetated with birch,

                    alder, and grass that conceal the bluff materials. West of Dutchman

                    Creek, the sandy beach is wide enough to protect the toe. Eastward,

                    the beach thins considerably and the toe, composed of slumped red

                    clay, shows marked instability. Where the beach is absent, a 10-12 ft.

                    toe scarp is present; renewed bluff instability is expected in

                    these areas. The beach west of Dutchman Creek is heavily used due

                    to its proximity,to Superior and ease of access.

                                                           28

                                       SEC 36 T49N     R1 3W

                                                                           SA 'ETY
                                                                            A _Jes s tha@i 1.00
                                                                             B-1-00 to 1.25
                                                                             C-greater ti,an 1.25
                                                                          CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                                                                 --@oles-
                                                                            K--@bore
                                                                              (high copfidence)
                                                                            B-near boreholes
                                                                              stratigraphv visible
                                                                            C-no stratigraphy
                                                                              visible (low
                                                                              confidence)

                                                                          V

                                      0             0,                01
                                    00                N

                                                                      cc
                                  0                    0

                                                            36

                               ------------------

                                                               29

                         1120-                                                                                              Profile 7-o-l

                         100-                                                                                                    f t. to 5 t t. dept h

                                                   S F =0 9:1
                         so-                                                                                                                OW

                     LLI
                                                                                                    A-E      30", veor-tation
                     LLI 60                                                                         B-C      9L)5o vegetation
                     LL

                         40-

                         20-      rc                        lump

                                                             7-
                                    20      40      60      so      10'0   11210    14'0   160      1 8@0  20'0    220     240     260     2Z3O

                         120-                                                                                                Profile 3(-,--!

                         100-                                                                                                     ft. t@,-)5ft.dcpth

                                                                                   SFWO. 85

                         so-
                                      slump                                                         A-B      70-10M, vegetation
                     LU  60-                                                                        B-C      80re vegetation
                     LLJ                             several small
                     LL                                slumps

                         40-

                                        rc
                         20-

                                    - - - - -  Thc- -

                                     I
                                    20              66       @O     100    120      140    160      180    200, 220        240     2160    2@O

                         120-
                                                                                                                             Profile 36-3

                         Ico-                                                                                                     ft.to 5 ft.depth

                                                                                     ,,F-1.016
                         80-
                                                                                                    A-S      70-907* vegetation
                     LIJ                                                                            R-C       0% vegetation
                     ILU 60- A
                     LL  40-          slum              slump

                         20-            rc                                   s I um
                                                                              9     /flowing toe
                                                bc
                                      -lu-P
                                                                                B      slump
                                                                                        c

                                                        slump

                                        rc
                                             @bc
                                    20      40       60     -80      100   120      140    160      11@0    260    2iO     24'0    2@O     2;0
                                                                                 FEET

                                                          30

                                              Sec. 36, T 49 N, R 13 W

                       Bluff:

                           a) 45-50 ft high; crest scalloped; numerous shallow slides; vegetati.on
                              (30-60%) confined to clumps of alder and grass on slump blocks;
                              clay

                           b) 45-55 ft high dropping to.4-6 ft at streams; crest generally subdued;
                              well-vegetated (90-100%) with birch, alder and grass; fairly stable
                              of late, clay

                       Toe:

                           a) red clay; slumped; protected by beach

                           b) clay, slumped, protected, vegetated with alder and grass or scarped
                              at large slump blocks

                           c) clays., slumped, partially,protecte'd, failing for 10 ft vertically
                              by shallow sliding with 2-3 ft scarps at base unvegetated

                           A) clays., slumped, unprotected from waves,'failing by shallow sliding
                              and mudflows wi.th 8-12 ft scarps at base, unvegetated

                           e) clays, slumped, partially protected, failing for 10 ft vertically
                              by shallow sliding with 2-3 ft scarps at base unvegetated.

                       Beach:

                           a) very  wide (145-150 ft) narrowing evenly eastward to wide       (85-90 ft)
                              coarse to medium.sand with cobbles scattered over whole width and
                              with a concentration of pebbles and cobbles 30 ft wide at water's
                              edge:

                           b) wide.(80-90 ft); uniform width; coarse to medium sand with few
                              scattered cobbles over whole width and with a conclusion of pebbles
                              and cobbles 15-20 ft wide at water's edge

                           c) veryjwide (150-180 ft) narrowing steadily      to absent, coarse   to,
                              medium sand; concentration of pebbles and      cobbles 15-20 ft wide at
                              watWs edge; approximately 20-30 ft of back beach near stream is
                              .Vegetated for 250 ft eastward.

                           d) mostly absent (0-5 ft) wholely     withi n wash/swash zone sand with
                              occarsional cobbles or boulders

                           e) narrow (20-30 ft) wider west'of stream (40-50 ft); coarse-'medium
                              sand; minor concentration of pebbles and cobbles 5-6 ft near
                              water's edge     concentration increases greatly eastward

                                                               t49'N.,R. 13W,Sec.36

                             240-

                             220-

                             200-

                             180-
                                                                                                                                                      uj

                             160-

                             140 -

                         uj
                             120

                             100

                                                                      ul
                             so                                                           u

                                                                      z
                                                              2                    3;
                             60 -

                                                                      C,
                             40-

                                          rc                  rc                   rc
                             20-

                                                                                   bc

                                                                F                  I

                                       0          1000        2000         3000        AOOO        5000
                                                                 F E E T

                                                     32

                                                Section 31, T 49 N, R 12 W

                             The section lies just outside the city limits of Superior,

                        WI, 3 miles to the west of the mouth of the Amnicon River. Most of

                        the bluff of this section is comprised of slumped red clay. A

                        brown clay can be seen in the banks of a small creek to the eastern

                        end of the section, but its extent and influence on the bluff is

                        unknown. The bluff height rises steadily and evenly towards the

                        east from 40 to 55 ft. except where it drops to meet the three small

                        creeks that enter the Lake. Changes along the bluff face are most

                        noticeable in the character of the vegetative cover. Where vegetation

                       -is up't o 90%, birch and alder with occasional firs are predo.m inant

                        and slope failures appear subdued. These subsections alternate with

                        areas where vegetation is less than 50% and small slumps and shallow

                        slides characterize the bluff face. The vegetation   that occurs here

                        is in the form of clumps of sod, with or without trees, which

                        are slowly sliding down slope. Along much of the bluff a 20 foot

                        wide beach protects the toe of the bluff from continuous wave erosion

                        except during intense storms. Where slumps and flows have extended

                        across the beach, the waves are actively eroding at the toe.

                        This section contains two private homesites,  but most of the

                        Shoreline is undeveloped and used only occasionally.

                                                       33

                                   SEC341" T49N R12W
                                                                 SAFETY FACTOR
                                                                   A-less than 1.00
                                                                   B-1.00 to 1.25
                                                                   C-greater than 1.25

                                                                 COWW IDENCE MTEL
                                                                   A-boreholes
                                                                     (hic.Th confidence)
                                                                   B-near boreholes
                                                                     stratigraphy visible
                                                                   C-no stratigraphy
                                                                     visible (low
                                                                     confidence)

                                                                                          E
                                                                CO
                                       A                                  J9
                                                                                             0
                                                                                               C14
                                                                                                    C&
                                                                                                       0

                                                            0, E)

                                                         34

                                         Sec..31, T 49 N, R   12 W

                       Bluff:

                          a,- c', and. e). 50-90% vegetated with birch, alder, occasional.fir, with
                             hor'setails in wet or locally failed places; predominantly red clay
                             s,lumped; medium scale rotational,slumps and shallow slides; bluff
                             .crest rises from 40 ft to 50 ft eastward; rounded but commonly
                             .showing a scarp and cut by 1-5 ft ravines.

                          b, d, and f) 10-40% vegetated with alder; birch with grass in clumps
                             moving.downslope, horsetails in west areas; red clay, slumped;
                             bluff surface straight and failing; bluff height 40' rising to 55'
                             to the east

                      Toe:

                          a, h and 1) Moderately well.;- to  well-vegetated; slumped   red clay.
                             rounded or, in places, a small@scarp, protected from      wave attack.,
                             except during large storms.

                          b, di  f,.i, k, and m) Little or no vegetation; slumped red clay; rounded
                             or  producing mudf.lows;..protect.ed from wave attack except during
                             large storms

                          c, e,,g,, And j)  Little or no vegetation: slumped    red clay; mudflows and
                             eroded   clay surfaces; unprotected

                       Beach:

                          a, c,  e,@g,  and i) Medium rand, with    pebble concentration 3.from
                             shore with occasional-boul.ders; 15-20'    wide; driftwood accumulation
                             at  back of beach

                          b, d,  f, and h) Covered, beach absent

                                                                  35

                          120-                                                                                                 Profile 31- 1

                          100-                                      cF=1.26                                                         ft. to 5 ft. depth

                          80-

                      w
                      W   60-
                      U-                                                                                                    t a

                          40-

                          20-            rc

                                                             bc
                                                              I
                                     20      410     610     80      100     1210    140     160     180     200     2'2 0   240     260     2,80

                          120-
                                                                                                                               Profile 31 -2

                          100-                                                                                                      ft. to5ft-depth

                                                                                    SIF=1.00

                          so-

                                                                                                         A-B     9070 VeaC!t.At4,.).j
                          60-
                      w                                                                                    -C    7,),';
                      LL                                                                                 C-r     , @', @,:
                          40-                                                                            r       k@f     c-,-- t.-. t

                          20-                               rc

                                                               b
                                     26      @6      66      80      100     120     140    .160     180     200     220     240     2@O     2iO

                          120-                                                                                                 Prof i le 31-3

                          100-                                                                                                     ft.to 5 ft.depth

                          so-

                                                                                                     SF=1.02
                      w
                      W   60-
                      LL

                          40-

                                                                  rc
                          20

                                                                     bc
                              II      I       I       I                               I       I
                                    20      40       60      86      100     12'0   140     40       140     260    220      240     2@O     2'8 0
                                                                                  FEET

                                                                                                         F E E T

                                                                             100                                                                100

                           cr

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      'go

                                                                                                                                         9 E

                                                 37

                                           Section 32 T 49 N R 12 W.

                         The section is located two and a half miles west of the mouth

                     of the Amnicon River. The western half of the beach is discontinuous,

                     generally 20 ft. wide and sandy; but it is occasionally covered

                     by slumped red clay. The bluff behind this beach subsection is

                     50 ft. high and the crest is finely-scalloped. Failure is by

                     shallow sliding and the moderate vegetation (30-60%) is restricted

                     to slump blocks moving downslope. The bluff materials are slumped

                     clays, redder at the top of the bluff and browner at the toe. The

                     toe is protected except where failure has pushed it out over the beach.

                     The eastern half of the section has no beach; the toe, of slumped

                     clay, is unprotected from wave action.. The bluff here is 50 ft.

                     high and the crest is more subdued and rounded. It is-well-vegetated

                     (80-90%) with alder, birch, grass and horsetails. Most of the slope

                     appears fairly stable, but a fresh scarp at mid-slope was often noted.

                     This renewed instability is no doubt due to the instability of the

                     toe, which is failing by shallow sliding and flowing, producing

                     a,10-12 ft. scarp in the slumped clay. At the eastern end,   the

                     bluff instability has extended back to the crest. The vegatative

                     cover has nearly been destroyed (0-10%) and consists of clumps of

                     alder and grass moving downslope on slump blocks. Here the bluff

                     materials are clearly slumped clays. The shoreline of this section

                     appears to be largely unused.

                                                        38

                                     SEC32 T49N R12 W
                                                                 SAFETY FACTOR
                                                                   A-less than 1.00
                                                                   B-1.00 to 1.2S
                                                                   C-greater than  1.25

                                                                 CONTIDENCE LEVEL
                                                                   A-boreholes
                                                                      (high confidence)
                                                                   B-near boreholes
                                                                      stratigraphy visible
                                                                   C-no stratigraphy
                                                                      visible (low
                                                                                           ................... ..... . ...
                                                                      confidence)

                                                                                    A
                                                                                                  -,eel

                                                                                      0     M In
                                                                                        Va

                                                       00
                                                                                            06

                                                     39

                                          Sec. 32, T 49 N, R 12 W

                  Bluff:

                      a) 45-80 ft high; crest scalloped; shallow slides; vegetation (50-60%)
                         restricted to clump on actively moving slump blocks; clay

                      b) 45-50 ft high; crest subdued; well-vegetated (80-90%) wi     'th alder,
                         birch, some conifer, grass, moss, and horsetails toward the toe;
                         fairly stable of late but fresher a-mid-slope scarp was often noted,
                         clay

                      c) 45-50 ft high, crest newly scalloped; vegetation being destroyed
                         (0-10%); shallow slides, clay

                 Toe:

                      a) mixed-colored clay (red-brown-gray); slumped; generally protected
                         from wave action

                      b) red and brown clay; slumped; under wave attack; failing for
                         12 ft vertically by shallow slides and mudflows

                  Beach:

                      a) discontinuous (covered by slumped clay occasionally) 0-20 ft;
                         coarse to medium sand with occasional large boulders and pebbles
                         and cobbles at waterline; pebble and cobble concentration decreases
                         to absent eastward

                      b) mostly-absent 0-5 ft; wholely within wash-swash zone; sand with
                         occasional large boulders

                                                               40

                               120-                                                                         Profile' 32-1

                               100-                                                                              lt.to5ft.deptV

                            LU                               sF ao v 6
                            LLI 60-
                            LL                                                               A-B  20@._, vegetation
                                                                                             3-C  805, vegetation

                               4ID-

                                            rc
                               20-
                                               bc

                                                    7-
                                       20      40   60    so    100   120    UO    160    180   200   220 240    260   2W

                               120-
                                                                                                             Profile 32-2

                               100-                                                                              ft. to 5 ft. dep

                               go-                                 SFol.19

                            LU 60-
                            LLJ
                            U_     A                                    occassional mid-slope
                               40-                                             scarps        A-B  90% vegetation
                                               rc           B                                B-C  100% vegetation
                               20-
                                                 bc

                                                                                     C
                                       20      40   66    80    100   120    1@0    16'0  180   200   220   240  260 280

                               120-
                                                                                                             Profile 32 - 2

                               100-                                                                              ft.to 5 ft.dept

                               so-

                            LU
                            ui 60-
                            LL -   A           numerous shallow               SF=1.32,       A-B 300; vegetation
                               40-                 slides                                    R-C 50-,, vegetation
                                               B                                             C-D  (M  vegetation
                                           r
                               20"             bc
                                                                          C          flowing and  sliding toe
                                               Bn

                                               c
                                               b

                                       20      40   60          100   120    140   160    180   200   240   240  260   280
                                                                          FEET

                                                              T- A 9 N., 12 W-,So C. 3 2

                           240-

                           220-

                           200-

                           180

                           160-

                           140-

                        uj
                        UJ
                           120-

                           100-

                           80 -

                                                                                               2,'@ 3
                           60

                           40-
                                                        r c                                   rc

                           20-
                                                        bc                                   bc

                                     0          1000         2000        3000        4000        5000
                                                                F E E T

                                                                                                                                        - - - ----------

                                                         42

                                           Section 33 T 49 N, R 12 W

                                The sectionis located one and a half miles west of       the mouth

                           of the Amnicon River. The beach is present only rarely within this

                           section. Where present it is at most 20 ft. wide and is composed

                           of sand, often interfingered or perhaps underlain by clay like

                           that in the toe. The bluff is 50 ft. high and only a very short

                           subsection is well-vegetated and lacking fresh scarps. Failure

                           is by shallow to moderately deep slides and by flows originating

                           on the upper half of the bluff. In one subsection      the bluff is

                           actually vertical! Here, failure is by block fall. There appear

                           to be two materials in the bluff - an upper red clay, which is less

                           .stable, and a lower browner clay, which seems to be stronger.       A

                           subtle break in slope can often be noted at the contact. The       toe.

                           in  this section is almost entirely unprotected from wave action.

                           The toe material is the brownish clay, probably in situ. The shoreline

                           .of  this section is rarely used.

                                                          43

                                      SEC33 T49N R12W

                                                                 f@@V-ETY PACTOR
                                                                                 00
                                                                          tO 1.25*
                                                                  C-greater than 1.25
                                                                CONFIDENCE LEvE
                                                                             VE E
                                                                  A- Or-e-11-es,
                                                                    high cOnfidence)
                                                                 B-near boreholes
                                                                   stratigraphy visible
                                                                 C-110 stratinraphy
                                                                   visible (10,,
                                                                   confidence)

                                                                    a

                                                                                       -c
                                                             N hn                     0

                                                                                              a4
                                                                                                 0.

                                                        44

                                             Sec.  33, T 49 N, R 12 W

                     Bluff-

                         a) 50 ft high; scalloped crest; shallow    slides and flows; vegetation
                            on slump blocks only 0-20%, red c1ay over brown clay with red clay
                            slumping over stronger brown clay

                         b) 50 ft high; scalloped crest; shallow slides;.vegetation 80-90% on
                            upper slope transitional between subsections a and c; probably
                            same materials as subsection a.

                         c) 50 ft high; subdued crest; only a very few shallow     slides;, vegetation
                            90-100%; materials the same as subsection a

                         d) 50 ft high; linear crest with very steep scarp; block-fall and very
                            deeprotational slumping; no vegetation, two-fold stratigraphy,
                            red clay over brown clay

                         e) 50 ft high; scalloped crest;   shallow slides and flows; vegetation
                            on slump blocks only 0-20%, red clay over brown clay with red clay
                            slumping over stronger brown clay

                    Toe:'

                         a) slumped or in situ clay (browner in color);     mostly unprotected;
                            scarp 2-18 ft high.

                         b) protected slumped clay covered by vegetation

                         C) unprotected slumped clay ("talus pile" from      Bluff (d))

                         d) slumped or in situ clay (browner in.color); mostly unprotected;
                            scarp .2-18 ft high

                     Beach:

                         a) discontinuous; mostly absent; if present up to 20 ft wide coarse
                            sand-with pebbles, cobbles and occasional boulders

                         b) absent

                         c) discontinuous, mostly absent; if present up to 20 ft wide      coarse
                            .sand with pebbles, cobbles and occasional boulders

                                                     45

                   120-                                                                             Profile 3 3 - I

                   100-                                                                                 ft. to 5 t t. depth

                   so-

                LU                            SF=1.01
                UJ 60-
                U.
                             B                                                  A-S 25F vegetation
                   40-                                                          B-C    OIb vegetation

                   20-
                                          bc

                                                         c
                            20     40    60     so     100  120    140   160    180   200    220    240   260   '230

                   120-                                                                              Profile 3 3 - 2

                   100-                                                                                  ft. to 5 f t. depth

                   go-
                                                    SF=0.89
                w  60-
                w
                LL      A
                                                                                A-B 95% vegetation
                   40-
                              rc

                   20-
                                     bc

                                   4     66     8'0    10'0 126    140    160   180   200    220    240   26'0  280

                   120-                                                                              Prof i le 3 3 - 3

                   100"                                                                                 ft.to 5 ft.depth

                   80-r

                LU
                w  60-                   SF=1.11
                LL      A

                   40                                                           A-B    07* vegetation

                             r
                   20-          bc

                                                 R
                                - - @bc

                      F
                             r --

                                bc

                            20     40    60     80     100  120    140   w      180   200    220    240  2@O    2BO
                                                                 FEET

                                                                                                              F E E T
                                                                                                             Z
                                                                                              0              C)l            0

        fn

             LA

                                                                                                                                                   9 V

                                                 47

                                        Section 34/27 T 49 NR 12.W

                         This section is bisected by the mouth of the Amnicon River.

                    There is very little beach west of the Amnicon; but beginning with

                    the 100 ft. wide spit built westward across the river, a good sandy

                    beach is present eastward for approximately half a mile. The bluff

                    west of the river is fairly uniform, being 33-60 ft. high. It is

                    poorly vegetated, and is actively failing by shallow sliding with

                    some flowing from the upper part. the materials are a red clay,

                    which seems weaker and prone to flowing, over a browner clay, which

                    seems stronger. This difference in strength is frequently revealed

                    by a marked break in slope at the contact, as well as the generally

                    -convex-upward profiles. This difference in strength is also shown

                    in the nature of the bluff east of the river. East of a small creek,

                    the bluff is only 15-25 ft. high and is composed wholely of the brown

                    clay; it holds a 50* slope and the crest is near the shore. As the

                    bluff rises above 25 ft., the slope angle decreases to about 30* and

                    the cr.est.recedes greatly from the shore. The mode of failure changes

                    from blockfall to shallow sliding and flowing. The toe is composed

                    mostly in situ brown clay with some slumped red clay. It is unpro-

                    tected west of the Amnicon and generally protected east of it. The

                    western portion is used by hunters and perhaps by the Camp Amnicon

                    programs, while good access and a public landing insure frequent use

                    on the east side.

                                  48

                                                     FACTOR
                                                 SA  A
                                                  FETY
                        SEC34/27 T49N R12W        A-le ss than 1.00
                                                  B-1-00 to 1.25
                                                  C-greater than
                                                CONrFIDr_NCE UVEL
                                                  A-boreholes
                                                   high confid.ence)
                                                  B-near boreholes
                                                   stratigraphy visible
                                                  C-no strati-raphy
                                                   visible (low
                                                   confidence)

                         a lai0                   ml -CI

                                 0
                          C% hm  in                       0

                                Ca                4

                                P4
                                R                        0%M
                          4* r4              27

                                              34

                                                     49

                                    Sec. 27/34, T 49 N,   R 12 W

                 Bluff:

                     a@ 55 ft crest scarped, shallow and moderately deep     sliding,'some flow,
                        from upper part; slumped clay (red over brown); vegetated 0-20%
                        alder and grass

                     b) 55 ft crest rounded, shallow slides; slumped clay; vegetation 70-80%
                        alder, birch, grass horsetails

                     c) 55-60 ft dropping at the very eastern end toward 15-20 ft;
                        crest scarped, shallow slides and flows; vegetated 0-10% tree-
                        clumps; break-in-slope evident at red clay-t---brown clay contact

                     d) 15-20 ft falling to 0 ft eastward, minor shallow sliding; 70-90%
                        vegetation, birch alder, grass.

                     e) absent - Amnicon River

                     f) rising to,60 ft and dropping back to 0 ft; scarped, shallow slides;
                        vegetation 60-70% alder-brick-grass

                     9) absent-stream

                     h) rising quickly to 12 ft then gently to 25 ft; blockfall (50'slope)
                        0% vegetation; brown clay

                     i) 50-55 ft, rising from 25 ft; shallow slide, some flow; vegetation
                        20-30% clumps, alder, grass; two clay units

                Toe:

                     a) unprotected in situ (brown) clay with some slumped (red) clay

                     b) protected and vegetated slumped clay

                     c) unprotected in situ clay

                     d) protected vegetated (0-20%) slumped clay

                     e) absent    Amnicon River

                     f) moderately protected slumped or in    situ clay

                     g) abse*nt-stream

                     h) protected in situ clay

                     i) partially protected in situ clay

                                                        50

                    cont.

                     Beach:

                        a) absent@  toe water

                        b)  maximum of 80  ft; 0 ft at both ends; coarse.sand with cobbles
                            scattered-pebbles  concentrated near water

                        c)  absent

                        d)  0-5 ft widening eastward to   50-60 ft at river coarse sand with pebbles
                            and granules concluded near   water

                        e)  spit and beach 80-100 ft wide; coarse sand with some boulders and
                            cobbles at water

                        f)  20-30 ft; coarse sand with scattered cobbles; occasional concentration
                            of pebbles and granules at water

                        g)  0-10. ft discontinuous; coarse sand,  boulders frequent

                                              51

                  120-                                                                  Profile 34/27-1

                  100-                                                                      it. to 5 ft. depth

                  go-

                LU                             SF=o.84
                UJ 60-                                                  A-B 10% vegetation
                      A                                                 B-C 75% vegetation
                  40-        B

                                  rc

                  20-
                                  bc:
                                                      C

                          20    40    60   80   100   120  140   160   180   200  220   240  260   2W

                  tm-                                                                    Profile 34/27-2

                  100-                                                                      ft. to5ft.depth

                  80-

                                      SF=I.o6
                LLI 60-A
                LLJ

                  40-                                                   A-B    0% vegetation

                           rc

                  20-

                                                B
                          @O    46    60   80   100   120  140   1@0   1;0   26   2@0   240  260 2W

                  120-                                                                   Profile 3A/ 27 - 3

                  100-                                                                      fuo5ft.depth

                I--        large slump
                UJI           block             SF@-0.99
                w 60-                                                  A-B    5% vegetation
                LL                                                     B-C   40% vegetation
                                C                                      C-D    OFS vegetation
                  40-

                                rc

                  20-

                                              D
                             'B   c
                                  bc:
                                                      C

                      r @b acl

                          @
                                C

                                rc
                                  hCD
                          20    40    60   so   100   120  140   160   180   200  220    240 260    21iO
                                                          FEET

                                    FEET

            cr
            n

     .n0

                    AMICON RIVER                                       z

                                                f            I
                    M

            a,

                                              zs

                                                53

                                     Section 35 T 49 N,R 12 W

                         This section is located between the valleys of Hanson Creek

                    and Middle River inclusive, a half a mile east of the Amnicon River.

                    A good sandy beach, usually about 60 ft. wide, is present throughout

                    most of the section. The bluff is quite discontinuous because of

                    the streams which intersect the shoreline with wide valleys. Where

                    well-expressed, the bluff is 55 ft. high, moderately vegetated, and

                    failing by shallow sliding with some flowing from the upper part.

                    The bluff materials are a brown clay overlain by a red clay but

                    the brown clay is rarely,exposed. Near the streams, the bluff height

                    rises and falls quickly, to and from approximately 30 ft.. 'It

                    is very well vegetated with little evidence of instability. A

                    well graded slope is present at the west side of the Middle River.

                    The toe is protected by the wide beach and is composed of slumped red

                    clay, with infrequent exposures of in situ brown clay. There is

                    public access at the west side of the Middle River, but no landing

                    is present. Use is probably moderate to infrequent.

                                                     54

                                 SEC35 T49N R12W

                                                               SAFETY FACTOR
                                                                A-less than 1.00
                                                                B-1.00 to 1.25
                                                                C-greater than 1.25

                                                              CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                                                A-boreholes
                                                                  (high confidence)
                                                                B-near boreholes
                                                                  strati-raphy visible
                                                                C-no stratigraphy
                                                                  visible (low
                                                                  confidence)

                                                                                             e
                                                                            1 W.1        I.C

                                                                      00
                                              0 0
                                              In                        in

                                            9L

                                                     55

                                     Sec. 35, T 49   N, R 12 W

                  Bluff:

                     a) 50 ft dropping to 0 ft; shallow slide and block fall; 0% vegetation,
                        red and brown clay

                     b) absent

                     c) rising to 50 ft; eastward shallow slides; flows from top 0-5
                        to 40-50% alder and grass; two clay units

                     d) 30 ft falling to 0 ft; no failure seen; vegetation 95-100%, birch,
                        alder, grass, horsetails

                     e) 50-55 ft; shallow sliding and flows from top; vegetation usually
                        0-20% alder grass slumped clay

                     f) 30 ft falling to 0 ft; no failure seen; vegetation 95--100%, birch,
                        alder, grass, horsetails

                        absent gentle graded slope - well vegetated

                     h) 0 ft rising to 30 ft; shallow slides and some block fall; 10-20%
                        tree-clumps and horsetails, slumped clay

                Toe:

                     a) unprotected, in situ brown clay
                     b) absent,

                     C) protected slumped clay, vegetated

                     d) absent;;gentle graded slope - well vegetated

                     e) protected slumped clay

                  Beach:

                     a) mostly absent; interfingered with clay flows

                     b) 40 ft coarse sand with pebbles concentrated near water

                     c) 60 ft; coarse sand, pebbles near water

                     d) absent-Middle River

                     e) 60-80 ft coarse sand; pebbles near water; includes spit

                                                            56

                              120-                                                                         Profile 35-1

                              100-                                                                             ft.to5ft.depth

                              go-

                                                              ';F=0.74
                           W
                           W  60-
                           LL       A

                              40 -                                                      A-B    0% vegetation

                                             rc
                              20-             bc

                                       20    40    60    so    100   120   140   160    180   200   220    240  260   280

                                                                                                            Profile 35-1

                              100-                                                                             ft. to 5 ft. dep
                                      numerous shallow
                                           slides

                                                          SF=0.92
                           W  60-
                           W
                           LL                                                           A-B    0% vegetation
                              40                                                        B-C   10% vegetation
                                                                                        C-D   25% vegetation

                                                bc
                                                                     D

                                        I
                                       20    46    60    80    100   120   140    160   180   200   220    240  260   280

                              120-                                                                         Prof ile

                              100-                                                                             ft.to, 5.ft.dept

                              so-

                           Ui
                           W  60-
                           LL

                              40-

                              20-

                                              I     f
                                             c
                                          --@@bc

                                       20    40    60    80    100   120   140   160    180   260   22'0   240  2@O   280
                                                                          FEET

                                                            T.4 9 N., R-12 W,SOC-35

                          240-

                          220-

                          200-

                          180-

                          160

                          140

                          120

                          loo

                                                                                               A
                                           u
                          80                                                   2
                                           0
                                           w
                                           c
                          60-

                          40-

                                                  rc                          rc

                          20-
                                                  bc                          bc
                                                  rc
                            L12bc
                                        . I V          I i I             I     I     I
                                    0          lodo        2000        3000        AOOO        5000
                                                              F E E T

                                                       58

                                          Section 36/25, T 49 N R 12 W

                              This section is bounded on the west by the Middle River and

                         on the east by the Poplar River Road. Throughout the section, the

                         bluff is composed of red and brown clay. The brown clay is beneath

                         the red clay stratigraphically, and occasionally.exposed at the toe.

                         At two locations, coarse sand with gravel lenses is exposed in the

                         lower 15 ft. of the bluff; however, this sand is not laterally

                         extensive and makes up only a small percentage of the bluff. The

                         bluff face consists of alternating subsections of differing vegetative

                         cover. The well-vegetated parts include thickets of small alder

                         with poplar and birch. In these subsections, the slumps and shallow

                         slides that have occurred are subdued and vegetated although a      scarp

                         at the crest is common. The less vegetated reaches consist of       alder

                         and birch rooted in sod clumps moving slowly downslope. Medium

                         scales slumps and shallow 'slides occur in the last vegetated subse   ctions

                         more frequently. Occasional large slump blocks, now forming the toe,

                         have carried a large amount of vegetation and red clay down slope.

                         Ponding may be present at the backs of the blocks as shown in RP

                         36/25-2.   Except at either end of the section, where it is between

                         20 and 50  feet wide, the sandy beach is narrow, of variable width,

                         and in many places consists only of a swash zone. Thus the toe, of

                         slumped  clay, is unprotected from wave action. Access to this section

                         is fair  and it is used only occasionally.

                                         59

                           SE036/26 T49 N Al 2 W

                                      SAFETY rACTOR
                                        A-less than 1.00
                                        B-1.00 to 1.2S
                                        C-greater than 1.25

                                      CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                        A-boreholea
                                         (hIgh confidence)
                                        B-near boreholes .
                                         stratigraphy visible
                                        C-no stratigraphy
                                         visible (low
                                         confidence)

                                                A

                                                                        y

                                    A

                                                    U3

                                               36

                                                          60

                                                 Sec. 36, T 49 N, R 12 W

                      Bluff:

                         a) 90-1.00% vegetati.on; with alder, grass with occasional birch and
                            conifer; slumped red clay wi.th brown clay occasionally exposed
                            in slumped toe; subdued slum Mocks; crest scarp 60 ft hi.gh with
                            even crest

                         b) 30% vegetation; with grass and small trees in clumps moving downslope;
                            slumped red clay, shallow slides, large rotation slump at base;
                            crest scarp; 55 ft high with even crest

                         c) 90% vegetation with poplar, alder, birch and occasional conifer;.
                            slumped red clay; subdued medium scale slumps and slides; 60 ft
                            high even crest, similar to (a)

                         d) 30-50% vegetation; in clumps of alder and birch moving downslope;
                            slumped red clay with brown streaked clay occasionally exposed
                            at base; medium scale rotational slumps and shallow slides; crest
                            scarp; 60-65' high with even crest

                         e) 90% vegetation with poplar, alder, birch and occasional conifer;
                            slumped.red clay; subdued medium scale slumps and slides; 60-65' high
                            witheven crest

                         f) n-60% vegetation with birch and alder with grass in clumps moving
                            downslope, Horsefls on recent failures; red clay with brown and red
                            clay towards base; shallow slides, bluff height 65-75 ft and
                            constant except where it drops to meet a creek.

                     Toe:

                         a) 50% vegetation with horsetails and clumps of alder, birch        and grass;
                            slumped red clay; protected from waves

                         b) 0-10% vegetation; flowing and/or slumping red clay with some brown
                            clay;@toe hit by storm waves, or in places, presently at water
                            level

                     Beach:

                         a) narrows to the east from 50' to 15', sandy with concentration of
                            pebble�'and granules 10' from shore

                         b) 3-15' wide; sandy with scattered pebbles; in places beach consists
                            only of swash zone

                         c) 20-@5b' wide; sandy with pebble concentration 10' from shore

                                                                          61

                           120-
                                                                                                                                               Profile 36/25- 1

                           100-                                                                                                                      ft. to 5 ft. depth

                           so-
                                                                                              r-Fz-6.99
                       W
                       W   60-    A
                       LL                                                                                           A-S 100% vegetation
                           40-                   rc                                                                 B-C 305,; vegetation

                           20-
                                                              bc                                             mudflows

                                        20       40        60       86      1010      11210    11410     11@0     1"       260       2120     240      260      2@O

                           120-
                                                                           SF=1.21                                                              Profile 36/25-2
                           100-                                                                                                                      ft. to5ft-depth

                           so-                                                     A-B 50% vegetation
                                  A                                                 B-C 30% vegetation
                       W                                                            C-D 70% vegetation
                       W   60-
                       LL
                                                                                      shallow slides
                           40-                           rc

                                                                    bc

                           20-                                                                      c
                                                                                                                                   D       mudflows

                                        @O       46        66       @O       100     120       140        1@0     180      26        220     240 , 260          280

                           120-
                                                                                                                                               Profile    36/25-1

                           100-                                                                                      SF=0.9u                         ft.to, 5 ft.depth

                                                  A-B 90% vegetation

                       W
                       Uj  60-
                       LL

                           40-
                                                                           rc

                           20-                                                bc

                                        20       40        60       80       100      120      140       160      180      200       220      240      2@O      2;0
                                                                                            FEET

                                          F E E T

                               gn                        C3        Pi   al
                                               0

               vo
                                                                                    ca

                                                       z 9

                                                 63

                                      Section 30, T 49 N R 11 W                                        4

                         The section lies immediately east of Poplar River Road in Lakeside

                    Township and is bisected by the Poplar River. Throughout the-section,

                    red clay is a major constituent in the bluff, with 20 ft. brown clay

                    present stratigraphically below the red clays. The brown clay is only

                    observed in the occasional mudflows and slumps at the toe or in ravines.

                    The western portion of the bl uff, is actively failing with small scale

                    slumps and shallow slides. In this subsection, vegetative cover is

                    only 30%, consisting of clumps of birch and alder moving downslope.

                    The bluff is moderately steep (24') increasing nearly vertical just

                    east of the Poplar River. The remainder of the eastern part is better

                    vegetated, up to 70% cover with the slumps and slides more subdued.

                    The toe, comprised of slumped red and brown clay, is protected from

                    wave erosion by a wide sandy beach, except in one or two subsections.

                    Access is fair for the western half but poor for the eastern half,

                    so public use is rather infrequent.

                                                      64

                                     SEC30 T49N R11 W

                                       SAFETY FACTOR
                                          A-less than 1.UO
                                          B-1.00 to 1.25
                                          C-greater than 1.25

                                        CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                          A-boreholes
                                            (high confidence)
                                          B-near boreholes
                                            stratigraphy visible
                                          C-no stratigraphy
                                            visible (low
                                            confidence)
                                                                                                 le

                                                                                     0
                                                                                     In m

                                                                            0 C4

                                                                           CO       CL

                                           r.M

                                            D6

                                                    65

                                           Sec. 30, T 49 N, R 11 W

                 Bluff:

                     a) 30% vegetation with birch and alder in clumps moving downslope;
                        slumped red clay with some brown clay exposed at base; small scale
                        slumps and shallow slides; bluff height 60-65 ft; vegetation increases
                        and bluff height drops ' at the Poplar River and small creeks; occasional
                        upper part of bluff is well vegetated

                     b) 40-70% vegetation with alder and birch; slumped red clay with brown
                        clay at base; subdued slumps and shallow slides; bluff height even
                        at 60-65'

                Toe:

                     a) Poorly vegetated; red clay or brown clay; flowing or slumping;
                        waves hit toe during storms

                     b) Moderately vegetated red or brown clay; rounded crests occasionally
                        flowing, toe hit by waves during storms

                 Beach.:

                     a) 30' wide; sand with  pebbles at shore

                     b) 3-15' wide; width variable; sandy with pebbles; beach occasionally
                        consists only of swash zone

                     c) 30-50' 'wide; sandy with pebb les at shore; extensive driftwood towards
                        Poplar River

                     d) 10-20' wide;  width fairly even; sandy

                     e) 0-15' wide; width variable; sandy with occasional cobbles and numerous
                        slumped trunks

                                                               66

                               120-                                                                          Prof ile* 3 o - i

                               100-                                                                              ft. to 5 1 t.depth

                               so-

                           W       A
                           W   60-
                           LL                                                             A-B 70ro vegetation
                                                      B                                   B-C 2M vegetation
                               40-                             shallow slides

                                                         rc
                               20-

                                                          hc
                                                                                 c
                                       20    40      66   s6    i olo 120   140    160    180  200    220    240  260   2W

                               im-
                                                                                                             Prof ile'30-2

                               100-                                                                              ft. to5ft.depi

                                          A-B 95% vecetation
                               80-         R-C 20% vegetation
                                  @A
                           ALI 60"
                           W
                           U-
                                                                         shallow slides
                               40-                                 B

                                                               rc
                               20--;
                                                                   br
                                                                                            c
                                       20            66   80    100   120    140   160    180  200    220    240  260   280

                               120-                                                                          Profile 30-3

                               100-                                                                              ft.to 5 ft. dept;

                               so-                                                       FF=1.27

                           W      A                                                         A-B 100% vegetation
                           W   60-                                 shallow                  B-C   0% vegetation
                                                                                            C-D  10% vegetation
                                                                   slides                   P-E   50% vegetation
                               40-                        D

                               20-

                                                            c
                                                              @sh@a
                                                                   sl  lo@@@@
                                                                     ide
                                                          Dt
                                                            .c

                                       20    40      60   80    100   120   140    160    180  200   220     240  260   280
                                                                           FEET

                                                             T.49 N.,R. I I W,SOC.30

                          240-

                          220-

                          200-

                          180
                                                                                                                                                    ON

                          160-

                          140

                       ui

                          120

                          loo

                          80                                                   2           3

                                                             CL
                                                             0

                          60

                                           rc                                 rc          re
                          40-

                          20-

                                           bc                                  bc         bc

                                               1060         2000        3000        4000        5000
                                                               F E E T

                                                    68

                                               Borehole Site 2

                          Borehole Site 2 is located in Reach 2. It begins 0.5 miles east of

                    the Poplar River and ends 0.5 miles east of Bardon Creek. The site includes

                    2.2 miles of shoreline in Sections 29, 28, and 21 of Township 49 north,

                    Range 11 west in Douglas County. This study area is comprised of high bluffs

                    with actively-eroding slopes. The bluffs average 70 feet in height and are

                    dissected by several gullies and streams.

                          Bluffs in Section 29 and the western half of Section 28 are composed

                    of the two clay units identified at Site 1. The lower,   browner clay unit

                    is exposed only in the lower 20 feet of the bluff face. Cobbles and boulders

                    eroded-from this unit help to identify its location. A third stratigraphic

                    unit appears in the eastern half of Section 28 and continues into Section

                    21. It is a well-sorted) dark-brown sandy silt deposit that is exposed in

                    the-lower bluff profile. This unit is very compact, obtaining slope angles

                    as high as 60 degrees (see Profiles 6 and 7).

                          Erosion in the western three-quarters of Section 29 occurs in the form

                    of shallow translational slides and flows. Surface water has played, and is

                    playing,,an important role in erodi7ng these Douglas County bluffs. Cirque-

                    shaped basins are created by drainage patterns which channel surface water

                    across the bluff. As  a result, the vegetation on these slopes has been

                    stripped by this active erosion. A distinct change in erosional   mode

                    occurs in the eastern quarter of  Section 29. Massive rotational  slump

                    blocks, sometimes encompassing the entire bluff,.have been observed. The

                    western half of Section 28 appears to be relatively stable since the bluffs

                    remain fully vegetated and there is little evidence of slope failure. East

                    of these stable bluffs, bluff profiles change dramatically. In this area,

                                                 69

                 the bluff toe is composed of the sandy silt overlain by the browner clay.

                 The differential strength of these two soil units has resulted in a distinct

                 break in slope (see Profiles 6 and 7). Erosion of the sandy silt  unit occurs

                 in the form of shallow translational slides while the clay unit experience

                 rotational slumping, and flows. Redder clay from previous slumps  often

                 covers the lower units.

                       Beaches along Study Area 2 are generally narrow, (averaging 10 to 20

                 feet), but wider beaches occur near streams.and fullies (see Profile 4).

                 Beaches are often covered by debris from recent slope failures.

                                                         70

                                                                                                          e      5

                                                                                                                 4

                                                                                                                  3
                                                                                   C                      00      2
                                                                                             d

                                                                       b
                                                                                      0

                                                                       C
                                                                                In           A    SF@@.80
                                                              b
                                                                    0
                                                                  eq kn
                                                           0      A            SF=0.97
                                                                         C
                                                         04
                                           a
                                                                         -200
                                                  C13 kn      @@s       F_                                     90
                                                            B                     14
                                           0
                                        0 N                    S F=
                                           8

                                                                        77     5
                                                    SF= 1.0

                                 B                                                                    100
                                           SF=1.57

                                                0
                                SF= 1.07
                                                  2

                                                                                 .100
                                                                                                  N

                                                                       69

                                                                                              If'

                                                                                                              72

                                         SAFETY FACTOR (SF)                                6 BEACH
                                           A-less than I.UO                                5 TOE
                                           B-1.00 to 1.25
                                           C-greater than 1.25.                            4 BLUFF
                                                                                           3 STABILITY LINE
                                         CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                           A-at borehOles                                    CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                             (high confidence)                               SAF.ETY FACTOR
                                           'a-near boreholes with
                                             stratigraphy visible
                                           C-no stratigraghy                     APPROXIMATE SCALE
                                             visible (low
                                             confidence)                         1 inch    1500 feet

                                                    71

                                              Borehole Site 2

                   Bluff:

                        a) No vegetation, with shallow slides and flows

                        b) No vegetation, with massive slumping

                        c) Full vegetated, no erosion

                        d) No vegetation, steep slopes greater than 45', with translational
                           slides, and slumping present

                  Toe:

                        .a) Flow and slump debris

                        b) Fully vegetated

                        c) Very steep wave cut toe, sandy silt exposed

                   Beach:

                        a) 0 to 20 feet, sand

                        b) jO to 70 feet, sand

                        c) 10  to 20 feet, sand

                        d) 20  to 50 feet, sand

                        e) 10  to 20 feet, sand

                                                                             72

                                                                                                                           T.49N.,Rll W.,SEC 29

                                                      100-
                                                                                                                                  PROFILE 1

                                                      80-                                                                         vegetation
                                                                                                                                  AS - 20%
                                                                                                                                  BC -  0 %
                                                  u'  60-           A
                                                  LU
                                                  U_
                                                                                                                              SF= 1.0 T

                                                      40-                          -seeps

                                                                            p,si,C

                                                      20-

                                                                                                    b P,si,c              C no beach

                                                                  0               40              so              120             160             200

                                                      100-
                                                                                                                                  PROFFILE 2

                                                      so -                                                                        0% vegetation

                                                                                                                 SF= 1.5 7
                                                  uu,j 60-
                                                  U.

                                                      40-
                                                                           p,si,C

                                                      20-

                                                                                                              O,P,s  i.c             beach -sand

                                                                  0               40              80               120            160             200

                                                      100-
                                                                                                                                  PROFILE 3

                                                      so-                                                                           % vegetation

                                                                                                                       SF= 1.0 1
                                                      60-

                                                                          p,si,C.

                                                      40-

                                                      20-

                                                                                                bs,p,si,c                                beach -,.;and

                                                                 0                40             80               12 C-          .160'           200
                                                                                   -seeps

                                                                            psiC

                                                                                                      iip
                                                                                                          S,,c@

                                               73

                                                                               T.49N.,R11 W.,SEC 28

                            100-
                                                                                     PROFILE 4
                                             S F= IA9
                            80-                                                      20% vegetation

                         Luj 60-
                            U
                         U_

                            40-              p.silc

                            20-

                                                                                                beach -sand

                                      0         40          80           120         160        200

                            100-
                                                                                     PROFILE 5
                            so-        A                                 SF=2.00     vegetation
                                                                                     AB  10%
                                                                                     BC  600%
                         Uw 60-                                                      CD - 0%
                         LL           p,si,c

                            40-

                                                                    B

                            20-

                                                                                     C
                                                                          i,c        D beach    sand

                                      0         40          80           120         160        200

                                                                               T.49N.,R11 W.,SEC 21
                            100-
                                                                                     PROFILE 6

                            80-                                                      0% vegetation

                                                                       SF= 0.97
                         Lu 60-
                         Ui                       slum
                         U_

                                            p,si,C
                            40-

                            20--
                                                      bd.p,si            beach -sand

                                     0          40          80           120         160        200
                                                                       y s

                                                      p

                                                    74

                                                                               T.49N.,Rll W.,SEC 21

                                 100-
                                                                                   PROFILE 7

                                80-                                                0% vegetation

                                60-
                              uj
                              U.
                                         p,si,c
                                40-                                       SF= 0.8 0

                                20-

                                                                         beach -sand

                                         0         40         so        120        160        200
                                         P
                                           i'c
                                          's
                                                                          S
                                              bd p @s<bei

                                                                                                   C@
                                   C) C@ tD %D CO CO -J IJ Cr, M Ul Ln LJ W M)                     CD
                           (@D Ln C) Ln C:o Cjn CD Ln C) Ln C) Ln C) Ln CD Ln C> Ln C) Un C) Ln CD C-" r1t 'D

                                                                                                   C:)

                                                                                                   r1l) Go
                                                                                                   CD-
                                                                                                   0       C)
                                                                                                   W:E     --4
                                                                                                   CD      I

                                                                                                   -r-0
                                                                                                   C)c

                                                                                                   Ln C-0.
                                                                                                   C)

                                                                                                   cn CA
                                                                                                   CD 'a

                                                                                                   C@ C*
                                                                                                   co CA   :E:

                                                                                                   0

                                                                                                          00

                                                                                                   (D

                                                                                                   r%) 2c, rDM
                                                                                                     0

                                                                                                   rD C+       F-
                                                                                                   ul C+
                                                                                                   (D

                                                          Ln                                       :E

                                                                                                   06          C>
                                                                                                   r)

                                                                                       ai

                                                                                       Ln
                                                          r-n

                                                                                       co          Lf)
                                                          Li                                       P. C-)
                                                                                       4-          C+

                                                                                                   CL
                                                          00 OD                                    IM
                                                          C> C@                                    CD

                                                                                       C:)

                                                          C) C@                                    e")
                                                                                       Ln          E3
                                                                                                   N3

                                                             LA                      Ln
                                                          -2,                                      C)
                                                       rn a,                           Q,          (1)
                                                       (D <  OL                        l<          0V)
                                                       Co                         C-) UD
                                                       M  'D                      -0)  M           2.
                                                             oj                      < 0-

                                                       (D    CD
                                                                                                   0
                                                             Ln                        c+          :3

                                                                                   S L

                                                    76

                                      Section 29, T 49 N R 11 W

                             The section lies a half a mile to the east of the Poplar River

                        and is bounded on the east side by Peterson Road. Throughout,the

                        section, the bluff is comprised of red clay, with approximately 20

                        ft. of brown clay at the-base of the bluff. Thelbrown clay is usually

                        covered and exposed only in ravines. The bluff height is constant

                        at 70-75 feet. Large slump blocks are responsible for moving large

                        masses of material from the bluff. These blocks are now at the

                        toe, actively being eroded by wave action. The exposed bluff face

                        above the slump block exhibits shallow slides and clumps of sod with

                        individua 1 trees moving down slope. No indigenous vegetation has

                       'been able to establish itself on these slopes. Where large slumps

                        have not occurred, the toe is usually a low rounded step of a former

                        mud flow. In these localities, a wide sandy beach is present. In

                        slumped areas, beach width is highly variable and occasionally consists

                        only of the swash zone. As access is not very good, the section gets

                        little public use.

                                                   77

                                 SEC29 T49N R11W

                                 SAFETY FACTOR
                                   A-less than 1.00
                                   B-1.00 to 1.25
                                   C-greater than 1.25

                                 COMMENCE LEVEL
                                   A-boreholes
                                     (high confidence)
                                   B-near boreholes
                                     stratigraphy visible
                                   C-no stratigraphy
                                     visible (low
                                     confidence)
                                                                                           V,

                                                             0Cq

                                           0

                                                            U,

                                                          78

                                                Sec. 29, T 49 N, R 11 W

                    BI af f

                         a) upper 2/3 40% vegetation wi.th birch and grass clumps in shallow
                            slides,lower 1/3, 90-100% vegetati.on with birch and alder; large
                            slump block; red clay

                         b) 60-100% vegetation with bArch, alder, and horsetai,ls; red clay;
                            hummocky surface with occasional scarp

                         c) largely unvegetated except for slump b-locks     and three clumps;
                            red clay; shallow slides and slumps

                     Toe:

                         a) Low 3-15'; wave eroded, slumped red clay

                            low 3; rounded, protected, slumped red clay

                         c) Low 3-15' scarp of slumped red clay; may be unprotected when
                            beach is absent

                     Beach:

                         a) P-10' wide-, width variable; sandy few pebbles, patches of       cobbles,
                         b).15-201  wide; sandy with pebbles hear shore
                         C) 0-15' wide, width variable; sandy with pebbles hear       shore
                         d) 15-20"wide; sandy with pebbles near shore

                                                         79

                    120                                                                                     Prof i le 29 -1

                    100-                                                                                        ft. to 5 It.depth

                     so-
                                                                       A-B 20% vegetation
                  W                                                    B-C 60% vegetation
                  W  60-                                               C-P 1005'o vegetation
                  LL
                                                   shallow
                                                  slides
                     40-                                                      slump block

                     20-                                                 C                    D

                                20     40    60    80     100    120    140    11@0    W     200    220     240   260    280

                                                                                                             Profile 29-2

                    100-                                                                                         ft. to 5 ft. depth

                     so-
                          A
                  W  60-
                  W                                                                    A-B  100% vegetation
                  LL
                                                                                       B-C    0% vegetation
                     40-                                                               C-D   60% vegetation

                     20-
                                                                      C

                              .26      4     60     80    100    120    140    160     180   200    220     240   260    280

                    120-                                                                                    Profile 29-3

                    100-                                                                                        ft.to 5 ft.depth

                                 shallow
                          A      slides                                A-B    0% vegetation
                  W
                  LU 60-                                               B-C   50% vegetation
                  L.L

                     40-

                                                          B                slump block
                     20

                                                                                              C
                                20    40     60    8@     160    12'0   140    160     1@0   260    2210    240   260    280
                                                                       FEET

                                          F E E T

                          0.    co
                     Co   0     0    C,   Q

                                                                                     10

                                                                                     CA

                                                        08

                                                 81

                                       Section 28/21, T 49 N R 11 W

                          The*section lies to the east of Peterson Road and is bisected

                     by Bardon Creek. De Vries Road runs parallel to the shoreline along

                     the bluff top west of Bardon Creek. Red clay is a major constituent

                     of the bluff. Beneath this material lies 20 feet of brown clay.

                     Toward the western end., a brown silty material appears in a ravine

                     10 ft. above the lake level. Its upper contact with the brown clay

                     rises to the east until it is 20 ft. above the lake surface. Though

                     covered many places east of Bardon Creek, this silty unit forms a

                     prominent bench in the slope profile as seen in RP 28/21-3. Throughout

                     the section, shallow slides are the dominant form of failure. This

                     material accumulates at the toe to be eroded by waves. Where the silty

                     unit forms.a bench, the sliding material forms chutes, flowing over

                     the bench and fanning outat the base into a lobe. The beach is

                     sandy and of variable width. It widens at the mouth of Bardon Creek

                     and is absent where flows and slides have covered it. Vegetation is

                     very sparse throughout the section and consists only of  trees and sod

                     slumped from the crest. A few summer cottages abut DeVries road

                     but none have developed access to the shore. At the end of DeVries,

                     a cottage with several smaller buildingsis present right on the lake.

                     A cement pier and some boulder rip-rap have been constructed here.

                     Public'use is limited by poor access.

                                        82

                           SEC28/21  T49N R11 W

                          SAFETY FACTOR
                            A-less than 1.00
                            B-1.00 to 1.25
                            C-greater than 1.25

                          CONTFIDENCE LEVFL
                            A-boreholes
                             (high confidence)
                            B-near boreholes
                             stratigraphy visible
                            C-no stratigraphy
                             visible (low
                              confidence)

                                                        0           Nrp
                                                      ON

                                                         C@
                                                        V), 0
                                         0

                                                  13

                              6 N
                              0      V) 0            21

                             0

                                     28

                                                     83

                                          Sec. 28/21,  T 49 N, R 11 w

                 Bluff:

                     a) 90-100% vegetation with birch,.alder, and occasional conifer;
                        red clay over 20' of brown clay; slumps subdued and vegetated
                        with. occasional new,scarps and flows; 65-70' high, even crest

                     b) 30% vegetation with birch and sod in clumps in upper portion and
                        horsetails covering lower slope; red clay over brown clay; small
                        slumps, shallow slides and mudflows; 65-70' with even crest

                     c) 10% vegetation-with occasional birch and sod clumps; red clay over
                        20' of brown clay over 10' of brown silt; slope very steep with
                        shallow slides and mudflows; W-75' with even crest

                     d) bluff absent- Bardow Creek

                     e) 10% vegetation with sod clumps; red clay 35', over 20' of brown
                        clay over 20' of brown silt; shallow slides and mudflows@; silt
                        forms proninent steep slope; 70-75' high with even crest

                Toe:

                     a) 3-5-ft;;slumped red clay; horsetails and sod clumps; wave protected

                     b) rounded, un-vegetated, slumped red clay of mudflows; in places hit
                        by wacks

                     c) toe absent-Bardon Creek

                     d) slumped red clay, mudflows, unvegetated, un-protected from waves

                 Beach:

                     a) 20_25'@ wide; sand with scattered pebbles; width constant

                     b) 8-15' wide;sand with scattered pebbles

                     c) 0-8' wide; width variable; sandy with log litter and occasional boulders

                     d) 8-50' wide; widents at mouth of BardonCreek; sandy

                     e) narrow  sandy swash zone or.beach absent: scattered driftwood

                                                                      84

                                   120-                                                                                     Profile 2S/21-1

                                   too-                                                                                         ft. to 5 ft -depth

                                                                             SF=1.020

                                                                                                           SF=1.007
                                Lij      A
                                LLJ
                                LL 60-                                                                            A-B    1001@'. Negetation
                                                                B                                                 B-(-'    609; vegetation
                                   40-          rc                                                                C-D      8LA; vegetation
                                                                            C

                                   20- - - -

                                                                 bc
                                             20     40     60     so      1@o   12,0   140    160     180   200     220    240    260     280

                                   120-                                                                                     Profilf 28/21-2

                                   100-                                                                                          ft. to 5 ft. dep

                                   so-                                  SFMO.951

                                W  _60-                                                               0,01. vegetation
                                Uj
                                LL
                                                             shallow
                                   40-       rc                slides

                                   20-

                                                    C

                                                        bsi
                                             26     @6     66     80      100   120    140            1iO    200    220    240    260     280

                                   120-                                                                                     Profile 28/21-3

                                   100-                                                                                         ft.to 5 ft.deptl

                                                                                            SF-0. 977
                                   so-                                                                                                     low

                                LLJ      A                 shallow slicips
                                L,j 60-                                                               05- vege .tation except
                                                                                                      A-S        veoetation
                                                rc
                                   40-

                                   20-               bc

                                                                                                 flows
                                                           bsi
                                             20     40     66     86      -@O   12,0   140    160     1@0    260    2@O    240   2@O      280
                                                                                     FEET

                                                             T-49 N.,R. I I W,SOC.28/21

                           240-

                           220-

                           200-

                           180-
                                                                                                                                                   co
                                                                                                                                                   Ul

                           160-

                           140

                           120

                           too
                                                                            u
                                                            2               z       3
                                                                            c
                           80

                           60

                                              rc           rc                     rc
                           40-

                                                                                  bc
                           20
                                              bc           bc
                                                                                  bsi
                                                          bi; i.

                                     0          1000        2000         3000       4000        5000
                                                               F E E T

                                                      86

                                       Section 22, T 49  N R 11 W

                              The section lies 8 miles north of the town of Maple and is

                         bisected by Pearson Creek whose mouth may be reached by Beck's Road.

                         The deposits which make up the bluff are, from the top,   30 ft. of red

                         clay, 20 ft. of brown clay, and 20 ft. of a brown silty   material.

                         The clay is fairly uniform whereas the character of the   silty

                         unit is variable, ranging from a homogenous sandy silt with occasional

                         pebbles in the western end, to 30 ft. of sand with bands of red

                         clayey sand in the eastern end. The silty unit does not fail readily

                         and has a gulleyed appearance when not covered. It is moderately

                         resistant and forms a steep face as can be seen in RP 22-1 and

                         RP 22-3.. The clays above are occasionally steep slope formers (RP 22-1),

                         but more commonly exhibit shallow slides and flows. Often, where

                         the silty unit is present as a bench, clay material will flow over it.,

                         forming a slide chute,.and fan out at the toe. Vegetated sod     clumps

                         with trees are also carried over the bench. The bluff face is     devoid

                         of any indigneous vegetation, and what little there is consists    of

                         clumps of sod with trees that have pulled away from the failing

                         bluff crest. The beach is wide and sandy at the creek mouth where     the

                         toe is fairly stable. But in the intervening areas, beach width is

                         variable, narrow, and occasionally absent. The toe is often unprotected

                         and being eroded. Access is good to the west half by Becks Road and

                         the beach is used when present. To the east, the bluff is less

                         accessible because of Pearson Creek.

                                  87

                      SEC22 T49NRI1 W

                        SAFETY FACTOR
                          A-less than 1.00
                          B-1.00 to 1.25
                          C-greater than 1.25

                        CONFIDENCE LEVFL
                          A-boreholes
                           (high confidence)
                          B-near boreholes
                           stratigraphy visible
                          C-no stratigraphy
                           visible (low
                           confidence)

                                                     CV
                                                      kn
                                                           C1
                                                           NrS
                                                     V

                                                    V) 0

                                    cc C14
                                    0
                                   N0
                                   9L

                           in

                          WO

                                        22

                                                             88

                                                    Sec. 22, T 49 14, R 11 W

                       Bluff:

                          a)  10-20% Vegetation, clumps of sod with alder; red clay over brown
                              clay over 20' of brown silt: Shallow slides and mudflows, flows.
                              leave chutes on hillside and lobes at base where          they fan out; si.lt
                              forms bench. which may be.obscured; 70-75' hi.gh with even crest

                          b). 30-60% vegetation; small alder and grass in clumps with horsetails
                              predominating on the lower slopes; red clay overlying shallow slides
                              predominate with occasional scarps.; brown silt outcrops but does not
                              influence slope angle: 70-75' high, fai.lry even crest

                          c)  40% vegetation,in upper slope with alder; lo@,!er slope unvegetaied;
                              brown and red clay over brown silt; shallow slides and mudflows;
                              flows leave chutes on slope and lobes at base where they fan out;
                              silt forms bench; 65-70' high

                          d)  30-60% vegetation; horsetails wi.th alder*clumps; shallows sli.des;
                              crest has scarp; does not form bench; red clay over silt 40-45'
                              high with even crest
                          e)  1.0% vegetation,'occasional birch or alder clump; red and brown clay
                              over sand with sandy till intermixed and at base; shallow slides
                              .in clay and eroded face in sand; crest scarp.occasi.onally vegetated;
                              60! high with fairly even crest

                      Toe:.

                          a) unvegetated protected lobes of redclay that have flowed over silt
                              uni.t

                          b)  slump blocks of red clay; vegetated on backs; protected but occasionally
                              unprotected

                          c ) un.vegetated; protected flow lobes.of red clay

                          d)  vegetated horsetai.1s;,sl,umped red clay; protected

                          e)  unvegetated; protected flow lobes of red clay

                      Beach.,

                          a),10-25'   wide,  sandy with scattered pebbles; occasionally absent due
                              to extensive   flows

                          b)  3-8' wide, width variable;.sandy; occasionally absent due to slump
                              blocks  and mudflows

                          C)  10-25'  wide; sandy,   with scattered'pebbles

                          d)  40-50'  wide; sandy,   cobb.ly in swash zone and 20' back

                                                                            89

                              120                                                                                                                    Profile 22-1

                              100-                                                                                                                         ft. to 5 f I -denth
                                                                                           SrU0.965

                              80-

                         W                                                                                              A -Fk     80-10(r., venetation
                         LLI  60-                                                                                       R-r       On venetation
                         LL

                                         rc

                              40--

                                              bc                             mudf low

                              20- -

                                                bsi                                            C
                                              20     40       60        so       100      120       140      160        180     2;0       220        240     260      280

                              120-                                                                                                                    Profile 22-2
                              100-                                                            SFul.008                                                      ft. to5ft.dept,",

                              so-
                                      A                                                                                 A-B       40% vegetation
                         LLJ  60-                                                                                       B-C         M.veoetation
                         LU
                         4r
                                              rc
                              40-
                                                                                       -slide/flow chute
                                                bc
                              20-                                                             mudflow

                                                   bsi
                                              26     4         66       iO        100     120        44'0     16        180      200      220        240      260      280

                              120-                                                                                                                    Profile 22-3

                              100-                                                                                                                          ft.to 5 ft-depth

                                                                                SF-0.949
                              so-
                                                                                                                        (r, venetation

                         LLJ           shallow slide
                         Ljj  60-
                         ILL
                                      rc
                              40-----
                                         bc

                              20-        S
                                                                S       mmif lows

                                                   s
                                        shallow
                                      rc             slid
                                      @
                                         rc-
                                              bc

                                                bsi

                                              c
                                      _ _ <b
                                         s

                                              2@     46        k        86        1@0      120       140      11@0      11@0     2@O      2@O        240     2@O       280
                                                                                                 FEET

                                                 F E E T

                                                 0     C)    0     COO

                vo   01

               cr
                           n

        Ld

                                                                                                   Pi

                               Pearson Creek

            -7-@n -r7--7-

                                     w

                                                                 06

                                                91

                                           Borehole Site 3

                      Borehole Site 3 is located in Reach 2 and extends from west of Haukkala

                 Creek to a point midway between Nelson and Fisher Creeks. This study area

                 includes 2.2 miles of shoreline in Sections 23, 14, and 13 in Township 49

                 north, Range 11 west in Douglas County. The shoreline is dominated by erodible

                 bluffs which range from 50 to 65 feet in height. Haukkala Creek, Nelson

                 Creek, and three unnamed streams dissect these bluffs.

                      The bluffs at this site have geological units similar to those identified

                 at Site 2 one mile to the west. In the western end of the site, the two

                 clay units are underlain by a unit of well-sorted sand (see Profile 1).

                 Further. to.the east, the lower, browner clay is intermittently exposed at

                 the,.bluff toe. The two-clay units are occasionally separated by a thin

                 lense of sand (see Profile 2). Gray clay, which may represent an inclusion

                 within the silty-clay soils, is present at one location within the study

                 area (see Profile 6). Bluff failures primarily in the form of large-scale

                 rotational slumps result from the continual erosion of the bluff toe (see

                 Profiles 1and 4). Beaches, generally less than 10 feet in width, provide

                 little protection from this wave action. The removal of vegetation by

                 large-scale rotational slumping has increased the susceptibility of the

                 site to translational slides and saturated earth flows.,

                                                         92

                                                                                                              4

                                                                                      0

                                                      0
                                                    0 rq

                                                                                 5_1

                                                                            ..ip

                                                                   it

                                                                                      V/'

                                                                    6-93
                           S-71,

                                     SAFETY FACTOR (SF)                               6 BEACH
                                       A-1 ess-Th-an-T.-U0
                                       B-1.00 to 1.25                                .5 TOE
                                       C-greater than  1.25                           4 BLUFF
                                     CONFIDENCE LEVEL                                 3 STABILITY LINE
                                       A-at boreholes                                 2 ONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                         (high confidence)
                                       S-near boreholes with                            SAFETY FACTOR
                                         stratigraphy visible
                                       C-no stratigraghy
                                         visible (low                       APPROXIMIATE SCALE
                                         confidence)                        I inch    1500 feet

                                                 93

                                          Borehole Site 3

                Bluff:

                      a) 80% to 100% vegetation except where large scale rotational
                         slumping has occurred, flows and translational slides present
                         locally.

                Toe:

                      a) Wave cut with local slump blocks and flow terraces

                Beach:

                      a) 0 to 10 feet, sand; greater than 30 feet near streams, and gullies.

                                                                  94

                                                                                                 T.49N.,R11 W.,SEC23

                                      100                                                               PROFILE 1

                                      so-                                                               vegetation
                                                                                                        AB - 10%
                                                                                                        SC - 70%
                                   Uw 60-
                                      i                                                                 CD - 0%
                                   LL             A

                                      40-   P,si,c
                                                         B            large slump
                                      2Q-     concealed                   C

                                                                     s
                                                                                   beach. - sand/boulders
                                                                                                -1
                                                                                         -120
                                                0              40           80                          160

                                      100-
                                                                                                        PROFILE 2

                                      80-                                                               vegetation
                                                                                                        AB   90%
                                                  A                                                     BC   10%
                                   LLU" 60 -
                                   LL

                                                p,si,c
                                      40-

                                      20-
                                                            bd,p,si.c        C
                                                                                           beach -sand

                                                 0             40           80           120            160          200

                                      100-
                                                                                                        PROFILE 3

                                      @0 -                                                              vegetation
                                                                                                        AB   80%
                                                                                                        BC   0%
                                      60-
                                   Uj,            A

                                      40-
                                                bA,P.Si.c

                                      20-

                                                                                       B
                                                                                          C   beach     sand/cobbles

                                                0             40           so            120            160         200
                                            P'si'c
                                               - -       B            large sluml
                                           @@,onceale@d                   C
                                                                   :@s
                                                              'p.;           D

                                                 'si.c

                                                            c

                                                                   95

                                                                                                            T.49N.,R11 W.,SEC 13

                                      100-
                                                                                                                    PROFILE 4

                                      80-                                                                           vegetation
                                                                                                                    AB - 20%
                                                                                                                    BC - 80%
                                      60                                                                            CD - 0% -
                                  Ui
                                                    A
                                             p'si'c     B

                                      40-
                                                                         large slump
                                                    concealed
                                      20-

                                                                                        C
                                                                          p S1,C           D     beach     sand/boulders
                                                                          7         1        1      1        1       1        1      1
                                                    0              40              80              120              160            200

                                      100-
                                                                                                                    PROFILE 5

                                      80-                                                                           vegetation
                                                                                                                    AB    10%
                                                                                                                    BC    50%
                                  LwU 60-
                                  LL                 A                                                              CD    0%
                                      -       p,si,c      B
                                      40--
                                                    concealed             slumps, slides

                                      20-

                                                                                                      C
                                                                                   blA,y,si,c          D beach - sand/boulders

                                                    0              40              so              120              160            200

                                      100-
                                                                                                                    PROFILE 6

                                      80-                                                                           vegetation
                                                                                                                    AB    0%
                                                                                                                    BC    75%
                                  LLU so-
                                  .U                                                                                CD - 0%
                                  LL
                                                    A
                                      40 - p'si'c            B
                                                                                 slump
                                      20-                  concealed
                                                                                                     C seeps
                                                                             --bo, p, r.        -si,-c     D beach -sand
                                                          B
                                                                         large slump
                                                    onceale@d
                                                                         'p.            C D
                                                                             S@
                                                                             7c

                                                                          slumps, slides
                                                    _con@cealed
                                                                                                     C D
                                                                                     d'y's.

                                                                                             bd

                                                    0             40               80              120              160            200

                                                          96

                                                                                      T.49N.,R11 W.,SEC 13

                                 100                                                        PROFILE 7

                                  60-                                                       vegetation
                                                                                            AB - 0%
                                                                                            BC - 100%
                                LU
                                w 60-                                                       CD - 0%
                                LL     p,si,cA B
                                  40-

                                            concealed

                                  20-

                                                                               C
                                                                                 D          beach -sand
                                                                bd,p,si.7

                                           0            0                      1 0          160        200
                                           _@co n c e a @Ie d                  C
                                                                            @D@@b e a @ch

                                                 97

                                   Section 23/14, T 49 N R 11 W

                         This section is located to the west of Windy Lane, a road which

                     meets Highway 13 one mile west of Cloverland. The section is bisected

                     by Haukkala Creek. In this section, the bluff height slowly decreases

                     steadily from 55 ft. to.45 ft. Similarly, a silty unit, which occurs

                     in the sections to the west, become less visible to the east and is

                     absent by the center of the section. The silty unit here contains

                     a large amount of sand. Failure in this unit j_s uncommon and, when

                     exposed, has an eroded appearance. The overlying 20 ft. of brown

                     clay and 30 ft. of red clay are similar in type of failure. Occasionally,

                     a large rotational slump occurs, but shallow slides are more common.

                    -In the more vegetated reaches, occasional scarps are noticeable,

                     signifying renewed failure. In the western third, vegetation is

                     sparse and consists of horsetails, and trees and grasses being rafted

                     down from the failing crest by shallow slides. In the remainder of

                     the section, though not entirely stable, grass and alder cover 80-90%

                     of the hummocky bluff face. In some subsections the beach is wide  and

                     the toe is mostly protected. In the other subsections, the beach width

                     is variable and often absent, leaving the toe unprotected from wave

                     erosion. Access to the shore in the section is poor. No development

                     is present at this time along the bluff.

                                                        98

                                    SEC23/14, T49 N R1 I W

                                       SAFETY FACTOR
                                          A-less than 1.00
                                          B-1.00 to 1.25
                                          C-greater than 1.25

                                       CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                          A-boreholes
                                            (high confidence)
                                          B-near boreholes
                                            stratigraphy visible
                                          C-no stratigraphy
                                            visible (low                                             Oe
                                            confidence)
                                                                                                      V4,

                                                                    0 N

                                                        0 N

                                                        L;          14 C4

                                                    99

                                          Sec. 23/14,  T @49 N, R I I W

                  Bluff:

                     a) 10-20% vegetation with occasional alder or birch clump;,red tobrown
                        clay over sand with till; shallow sli     des and mudflows; 55-60
                        ft high; crest fairly even; sand with till forms bench.

                     b) 10% vegetation; with grass tufts and birch clump; steep      failing.
                        slope; red to brown. clay over sand with till; 60-65' high

                     c) 80-90% vegetation; horsetails and alder; hummocky rounded bluff
                        face; clay over sand with till (?); even crest 55-60'

                     d) 50% vegetation with grass birch and   'alder ' red over brown clay:
                        shallow slides with scarps common: 50-55' with even crest

                Toe:

                     a) unvegetated protected lobes of mudflow red clay that have flowed
                        over sand with till bench

                     b) rounded, slumped red clay, unprotected with occasional
                        tree@clumps

                 Beach:

                     a) 3-8 wide; sandy with cobbles.and boulders; occasionally absent

                     b) 20-30' wide; sandy with scattered pebbles; lots of driftwood

                     c) 3-8' wide; sandy with occasional boulders; occasionally absent

                     d) 20' wide; sandy with pebbles at shore

                     e) 3-8' wide; sandy with occasional boulders, occasionally absent,

                                                                   100

                                   120-                                                                                   Profile 23/14-1

                                   1100-                                                                                      ff.to5h.deplt
                                                     SF=1.27

                                   so-

                                                                                                    lCr!, venetAtion
                               ILJ
                               LLJ 60-
                               U-                       shallow Slidps
                                                           and flows
                                   40-     r

                                   20-       bc

                                         --------------
                                                   s
                                             20     46    66      86    1700  120     140    160    180    200   220    240    260    280

                                   120--@                                                                                 Profile 23/14-2

                                   100-                                                                                       ft. to 5ft- der

                                   so-
                                                                                                    A-S     60%, vegetation
                               LLJ                                                                  R-C      00,; venetation
                               11.1 60-A            shallow slides                    SP-1.031
                               LL

                                   40-     rc

                                   20-                                     B          hallow    sliHes
                                                  bc                                            and flows

                                             26     4     60      80    100   120     140    160    180    26    2@O      40   2'     2'80
                                                                                                                         2      60

                                   120-
                                                                                                                          Profile 23/14-3

                                   100-                                                                                       ft.to 5 ft.d.ep

                                   80-
                                                                                                    A-B     905% vegetation
                               LJ                                                    SFwl.26        R-C      O@;, verjetation
                               Lij 60-
                               LL      A       small slump scarps
                                   40      rc        X

                                   20-                                                   shallow slides
                                               bc                                                  and flows

                                                                                  C
                                           r

                                             bc

                                             20     40    60      80    100    120    MO     160    1@10   2@O   2@O    240    2@O    280
                                                                                    FEET

                                                              F E E T
                                                 co     Z5    Z                   CD

                                             HAUKKALA CREEK

                                                                                                                    10

                                                                               TOT

                                                   102

                                      Section 13, T 49 N R 11 W

                             The section is located four miles west of the mouth of the Brule

                        River. The beach is not present throughout the section, being absent

                        or nearly so for about a quarter of a mile in the middle. West of

                        this it begins at 15-20 ft. in width widening to 40 ft. Eastward it

                        reappears at 10-20 ft. for the remainder. When present, it is sandy

                        and boulders are quite frequent throughout. The bluff declines slowly

                        from 50-55 ft. in the west to 30-40 ft. in the east and is moderately

                        to well vegetated throughout. It is failing by two mechanisms. At

                        the west end, repeated shallow sliding predominates, producing an

                        evenly-sloped hummocky surface. At the east end, failure is by large,

                        single-block sliding of moderate depth-, this produces a broadly stepped

                        profile. A long subsection in the middle shows elements of both

                        mechanisms. The bluff is composed of a red clay, mostly  slumped,

                        coveting a brown clay which underlies it. The toe is poorly to partially

                        protected on the average and is composed of slumped red clay. Although

                        there is reasonable access to the section, use seems to be limited.

                                                103

                                SEC 13 T49N R1 1 W

                                  SAFETY FACTOR
                                    A-less than 1.00
                                    B-1-00 to 1.25
                                    C-greater than 1.25

                                  CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                    A-boreholes
                                      (high confidence)
                                    B-near boreholes
                                      stratigraphy visible
                                    C-no stratigraphy
                                      visible (low
                                      confidence)

                                                                                       0

                                                         0N

                                                        104

                                                  Sec. 13, T 49 N, R 11 W

                      Bluff:

                         a) 50-55.ft; crest scalloped and scarped; shallow sliding slumps;.
                            70-9.0%,alder and grass silty clay over clay
                         b) absent-estuary

                         C) 50-55 ft; single block slide with shallow failure above'and below;
                            60/10 alder and grass; slumped silty clay over clay

                         d) 40-50 ft. declining to east; crest scarped and scalloped;        poorly
                            expressed single block failure; numerous shallow failures        - hummocky;
                            vegetated 40-80% birch, alder and grass, horsetails; silty clay over
                            clay

                         e) 35-40 ft; broadly scalloped; single-block moderately-deep slide,
                           .shallow sliding on main and toe scarps; vegetated 70-90% alder and
                            grass

                     Toe:

                         a) partially protected, slumped silty clay

                         .b) absent-estuary

                         c) protected, rounded slumped silty clay

                         d) poorly  protected, slumped silty clay - in situ clay

                         e.) unprotected, slumped silty clay and in.situ clay

                         f) partially protected, silty clay and in situ clay

                      Beach:

                         a) 15-20 ft; discontinuous, coarse sand with boulders offshore

                         b) 40 ft; coarse sand with pebbles boulders at water

                         c) 0-5 ft; coarse sand, boulders offshore under waves

                         d) 15-20  ft, discontinuous; coarse sand,.boulders offshore

                         e) absent-boulders

                         f) 10-15  ft; coarse sand boulders offshore

                                                        105

                     120-                                                                                    Profile 13- 1

                     100-                                                                                        ft.to5 ft.depth

                     80-

                 W
                 W   60-                numerous shallow                               A-3 50% vegetation
                 LL                          slides                                    B-C 3(Wi vegetation
                     40-

                     20

                               20    40      60    80      100   120     140   160     180   200     220    240   260    280

                                                                                                             Profile 13-2
                     120-

                     100-                                                                                        ft. to 5 ft. depth

                     so-

                                                ____-@numerous shallow
                 W   60-                                     slides
                 W
                 LL
                     40-                                                             A-B 70% vegetation
                                                                                     B-C 80% vegetation
                                 rc                                                  C-D    5% vegetation
                     20
                                                                          C

                                                                                                      I      f      I
                               26    4       60    80      10'0  12'0    140   160     180   200    220     240   260    280

                     120-                                                                                    Profile 13-3

                     100-                                                                                        ft.to 5 ft.depth

                     .so-                 A-B   90% vegetation
                                           B-C 100976 vegetation
                 W                        C-D   10% vegetation
                 W   60-
                 ILL

                     40- A                     large slump block

                                B

                     20-

                                                                                D
                               20    40      66    810     100   120     140   160     180   200    220     240   260    280
                                                                      FEET

                                                      f E T

                           4@          co                               CD
                                       0

                                 NELSON CKEEK

       m          ao

         L%

                                                                    90T

                                                107

                                      Section 18, T 49 N R 10 W

                          This section is located three miles west of the mouth of the

                     Brule River. There is a beach present along most of the section. To

                     the west it is sandy and discontinuous, 10-20 ft. wide with boulders

                     offshore. It widens to theleast to 60-70 ft. The bluff is 50 ft.

                     high at the west end, drops to 35 toward the middle, and rises

                     to 40-45 ft. at the east end of the section. It is well-vegetated

                     except near the stream mouths, where the bluff is usually much steeper

                     than elsewhere. Failure is by many.processes and is quite varied

                     spatially. It is usually marked by a single slump block 10-20 ft.

                     deep across its top. The slide may be anything from shallow to

                    -moderately deep. The top of the block is frequently hummocky and

                     ponded, and it may be titled forward or backwards. The long scarp

                     above the block may be hummocky and well-vegetated or actively

                     sliding and flowing. The front of the block forms the toe and  is

                     usually scarped and failing by sliding and flowing. The bluff  is

                     composed of a red clay, which contain a fair amount of silt. A  browner

                     clay is occasiona lly exposed near the toe, but the contact is obscured

                     by the failure. The toe is composed mostly of slumped clay  and its degree

                     of protection is directly related to the width (or absence) of the beach.

                     There is good access at the west end of the section,.but use appears

                     limited.

                                                       108

                                     SEC 18 T49N R10W

                                         MUETY FACTOR.
                                           A-less than
                                           B-1.00 to 1.25
                                           C-greater than 1.2S

                                         CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                           A-boreholes
                                              (high confidence)
                                           B-near boreholes
                                              stratigraphy visible                                 %Y
                                           C-no stratigraphy
                                              visible (low
                                              confidence)
                                                                           A

                                                                                        CO
                                                                   00                      M

                                                0                    M
                                               0 N

                                                                 CT.

                                                                    is

                                                    109

                                             Sec. 18, T  49 N, R 10 W

                  Bluff:

                     a)  50 ft at west, dropping to 35 in middle and rising back to 40 ft
                         at east; crest broadly scalloped, both scarped and rounded; failure
                         is by many processes and is quite varied spatially: large rotationa-I
                         slumps, slides and flows on slump scarp; brown silty clay; birch,
                         alder, grass, moss and horsetails.

                 Toe:

                     a) partially protected, but may be either rounded and vegetated or
                         scarped and flowing; slumped silty-clay

                     b) protected, rounded and vegetated but occasionally scarped and
                         flowing; slumped silty-clay

                     c)  unprotected, scarped and flowing

                  Beach:

                     6)  10-20 ft, discontinuous coarse sand with boulders frequent of
                         offshore

                     b)   60-'70'ft; coarse sand with boulders frequent offshore

                     c)  absent; boulders offshore

                                                                         110

                                    120-                                                                                          Prof i le 18 1

                                    100-                                                                                               ft. to 5 f t. depth

                                    so-

                                LU
                                LU  60-
                                U.                                                                                N
                                    40                             slump block
                                                                                                           A-B 80fo vegetation

                                    20-
                                                                     be
                                                                                          B
                                              20     40       60     86     1010   120    .140    160     180     200     220     240   260    280

                                    120-
                                                                                                                                   Prof i le i a@2

                                    100-                                                                                               ft. to5ft.dept

                                    60-
                                LU
                                                         shallow slides                                    A-B 90% vegetation
                                    40-. A                  and flows                                      R-C 40% vegetation
                                    20- -                               slump block
                                                                B

                                                                                                   1@0    11                         7 --
                                              26     4               so     10'0   1210    140             SO     26     220     240    260    280

                                    120-                                                                                          Profile 18-3

                                    100-                                                                                               ft.to 5 ft.depti

                                    so-

                                LU
                                LU  60-
                                U-                                                                        A-B     90fo  vegetation
                                    40-                                                                    B-C    80%   vegetation

                                    20-'                             slump block
                                                            allow    slides
                                        @A                @,d f      owsslump, block
                                                                B

                                              20     40       60     80     100    120, 140       160     180     200    2@O     2@O    2@O    2 0
                                                                                        FEET

                                                               t4 9 N..' R. i oW,Sec.i8

                            i4O

                            220-

                            200-

                            ISO

                            160-

                            IAO -

                         LU
                         uj
                            120 -

                            100

                            80                                         2                        3'

                            60

                            40                  rc
                                                                                                 rc

                            20

                                                bc                      bc
                                                                      -r-c- -

                                      0          1000         2000        3000         4000        5000
                                                                 F E E T

                                                    112

                                          Section 17/8, T 49 N R 10 W

                             This section is located 2 miles'west of the mouth of the Brule

                        River. West of Smith Creek the beach is either absent or frequently

                        interrupted. Where present in the  se subsection, it is sandy, 10-20

                        ft. wide with boulders offshore throughout. A 40-60 ft. wide sandy

                        spit is built across the Smith Creek estuary, some of which is

                        vegetated. East of Smith Creek the beach narrows'to 20-30 ft.

                        The bluff is 35-40 ft. high and moderately to well-vegetated throughout.

                        Failure is by shallow sliding with blocks of varying size and number,

                        and by flowing. In the eastern half, there is a single,   large block,'

                        and the sliding is perhaps the deepest here. There is additional

                        sliding and flowing above and below this block. Between this.subsection

                        and Smith Creek, the sliding becomes quite shallow and is much mixed

                        with flowing. East of Smith Creek, numerous shallow slides are present

                        above a subdued larger block. The bluff is composed of a red clay,

                        which is underlain by.a brown clay.- The the is unprotected where

                        the beach is absent, partially protected elsewhere; but it is only

                        wbolely protected east of Smith Creek. It is composed of slumped

                       .clay. Access to the section is quite poor.

                                                    113

                                   SEC 17/8 T49N R10W

                                     SAFETY FACTOR
                                        A-less than 1.00
                                        B-1.00 to 1.2S
                                        C-greater than 1.2S

                                      CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                        A-boreholes
                                          (high confidence)
                                        B-near boreholes
                                          stratigraphy visible
                                        C-no stratigraphy                              4)
                                          visible (low
                                          confidence)

                                                                                              0
                                                                                            0 N

                                                                           N

                                                                                             W

                                                        0
                                                      0 N
                                                                       H

                                                                       U)

                                                      r4

                                                       114

                                              Sec. 17/8, T 49 N,   R 10 W

                     Bluff:

                        a)  35-40 ft; crest broadly scalloped, scarped or rounded; single
                            moderately deep slide, shallow sliding and flowing on main scarp
                            and.toe; vegetation 70-90%, birch, alder, grass, horsetails; red-
                           .brown silty clay, mostly slumped

                        b)  35-'40 ft. crest scalloped and scarped; shallow sliding and flowing,
                            lacks large single block failure; vegetation 40-60%, alder and grass
                            moving down slope; silty clay

                        C)  absent -,Smith Creek; boulders offshore

                        d)  40 ft; crest scalloped, rounded; failing by single block, shallow
                            slide, with sliding and flowing above; vegetation 80-90%, birch,
                            alder, grass, silty clay

                    Toe:

                        a) unprotected, scarped, flowing and sl    iding, slumped silty   clay

                        b) generally protected, often scarped, flowing and sliding,       slumped
                            silty clay.

                        c)  absent - Smith Creek; boulders offshore

                        d)  protected; slumped silty clay, rounded and vegetated

                     Beach.

                        a)  absent,'boulders offshore

                        b)  10-20,ft; coarse sand often interrupted by toe-flo,ws, boulders
                            offshore

                        c)  absent - Smith Creek; boulders offshore

                        d)  5-10 ft; coarse sand, 2-3 ft wave-cut face at water-line

                        e)  40-60 ft. back half vegetated; 2-3 ft. wave-cut face 25 ft from
                            water-line; coarse sand with concentration of pebbles near water,
                            boulders

                        f)  20-30 ft; coarse sand occasionally interrupted; concentration
                            of pebbles near water: a-5ft wave-cut face 6-8 ft from toe, boulders

                                                     @115

                    120-                                                                               Profile 17 s-i

                    100-                                                                                   ft. to 5 ft -depth

                    so-

                 w
                 W  60-
                 U_
                    40-  A             slump block\                                A-B 10(Wa vegetation
                                                                                   B-C 3(W* vegetation

                    20-                               B

                                     I)c
                                                                C

                             20            60    so    100     120  140     160   180    200   220    240   260   2BO

                    120-
                                                                                                       Profile 17/8-2

                    100-                                                                                   ft. to5ft. depth
                                                   SF=7-25

                    so-

                 W  60-
                 W               umerous shallow                                   A-B 60% vegetation
                 U.             slides and mudflo s

                    410.m-'

                    20-

                             20     40     60    80    100 120      140
                                                                            1W    11@10  26    2W     240   2W 2W

                    120-
                                                                                                       Profile 17/8-3

                    100-                                                                                   Ift.to 5 f t.dept h

                    so-

                 W
                 Ljj 60-
                 U.                      shallow,slides
                    40-                                                           A-B 100% vegetation
                                                                                  B-C    70% vegetation

                    20-                                       mp block
                                 ume  O's
                        @A
                                       Slum   block
                                            p
                                                      13\
                                                                C

                                @
                                            Ah
                                           s allow
                                 Iide@sand mud-flo s

                                                         @@s  luml:
                                                         C
                                                                             T__
                             20     40     60                               160   1RO    260   2@O
                                                 80    100     120  140                               240   2@O    280
                                                                  FEET

                                                      F E E T

                                                      Z

                             540=1i CPFEK

                                                                       9TT

                                                  117

                                       Section 9, T 49 N R 10 14

                           This section is located j'ust west of  the mouth of the Bru-le

                     River. A sandy beach 30 ft. wide, is present along the western half

                     of the shoreline. It then becomes narrower (15-20 ft.) is often

                     interupted and then widens quickly to 80 ft. The bluff is 40 ft.

                     high to the west declining 35 ft. just west of the estuary after

                     which it is absent. Subsections to the east and west ends are moderately

                     to well vegetated and failing such that one large slump block is well

                     preserved. Shallow sliding of much smaller blocks occurs on the scarp

                     above the block while the scarped toe is more prone to flowing. A

                     short subsection toward the midd  le is more poorly vegetated and is

                     -failing by numerous shallow slides and flows of small scale. The

                     bluff is composed of a red clay, which is underlain by a browner

                     clay. In places mediu'm-coarse sand interbedded with silts and clays

                     may be  found between them. These relationships are partially obscured

                     by the  slumps and vegetation. The toe is scarped and composed of

                     slumped  and in situ clay along the western three-quarter. The eastern

                     quart,er is well-rounded and vegetated. There is good access

                     to the very small western-most portion of the shore but the estuary

                     is unpassable at present.

                                     SEC 9        T49N R10W

                                      SAFETY FACTOR
                                        A-less than 1.00
                                        B-1.00 to 1.2S
                                        C-greater than 1.25

                                      CONrTDENCE LEVEL
                                        A-boreholes
                                           (high confidence)
                                        B-near boreholes
                                           stratigraphy visible
                                        C-no stratigraphy
                                           visible (low
                                           confidence)

                                                                             0

                                                                           u

                                                                           U3

                                                      0
                                                   0 N

                                                     119

                                             Sec. 9, T 49 N, R 10 W

                   Bluff:

                      a)40ft; crest broadly scalloped, rounded; single-block shallow slide
                        with flowing and shallow sliding on main and toe scarps; 90%
                        vegetated, birch, alder, grass, horsetails; silty clay gradational
                        to clay, with a clean sand occasionally between

                      b)35 ft; crest scalloped, scarped; shallow sliding and flowing; poorly
                        vegetated 0.5% on moving blocks; silty clay over clay, sometimes
                        gradational sometimes with sand in-between

                      c)35 ft; crest broadly scalloped, single-block shallow slide with
                        flowing and shallow sliding on main scarp and most of toe; moderately
                        well vegetated, 50-60% alder, grass, horsetails; silty clay gradational
                        to clay with occasional sand layers.

                  Toe:

                      a)Protected,,flowing, slumped
                      @)poorly Protected, scarped and flowing, slumped silty clay

                      Oprotected, mostly rounded, slumped silty clay

                   Beach:

                      a)30 ft; coarse   sand with some pebbles at water; .5.ft. wave-cut face
                        cl*ose to toe;  boulders offshore

                      b)discontinuous, interrupted frequently, 10-15 ft. coarse sand with
                        boulders offshore

                      020-80 ft; broadest just west of stream               and across estuary
                        coarse sand with pebbles near water; 2-3 ft wave-cut face often present.

                                                             120

                              120-
                                                                                                             Prof ile 9--1

                              100-                                                                               ft. to 5 ft. depth

                              so-

                           LLI
                           LLJ 60-                                                        A-B 90@r, vegetation
                           LL
                                             shallow                                      B-C 70'ro vegetation
                                              slides                                      C-IN   Oao  vegetition
                              40-

                              20       5
                                                      B    C       flowing

                                       20    40     60    so    100. 120    140    160    180   200   220    240  260   280

                              120-                                                                           Profile 9-2

                              100-                                                                               ft. to5ft.dept

                              so-

                           W  60-
                           UJI
                           U_

                              40-
                                                                                          A-B 0-5%   vegetation

                              20-

                                                 B
                                                                                                                          F
                                       20    46     @O    80    100    120  140    160    180   200   220    240  260   280

                              120-                                                                           Profile 9-3

                              100-                                                                               ft.to 5 ft. dept I

                              so-
                                                 il@=! @!)3

                                                    shallow slides and   flows
                           LIJ 60-
                           LL                                                             A-B 4W; vegetation
                              40-                slu p block      SF=1.86                 B-C 60% vegetation
                                                                                          C-.D  0% vegetation

                              20-   rc
                                                            C       --flowing
                                      hr

                                               r
                                  L-7
                                   A

                                  k
                                    rc

                                       20    40     60    80    100    120  140    160    11@0  260  220     240  260   280
                                                                          FEET

                                                   F E E T

                                        co                        cm
                                                        0    0

                      n  10

                     n  (AI

                LN                                                                                     t
                0
                        'A  @j

                                                       122

                                                      Reach 3

                            Reach 3 extends approximately 9.5 miles from the Bois Brule River to

                      Quarry  Point, one mile west of Port Wing. This reach includes Sections

                      10, 3, 2, and I of Township 49 North, Range 10 West, in Douglas County,

                      Sections 6, 5, and 4 in Township 49 North, Range 9 West, Sections 33, 34,

                      35, 36, and 25 in Township 50 North, Range 9 West, and Sections 30 and 19

                      inTbwnship 50 North, Range 8 West in Bayfield County. Bluffs are generally

                      less than 30 feet high in the reach. Between the Brule and Iron Rivers

                      the redder     clay unit composes most of the bluffs. Between the Iron

                      River and Quarry Point a thin cap of the redder        clay overlies a sandy

                      loam and/ or lenses of well sorted sand. Bedrock crops out at the toe

                      of the bluff from Jardine Creek eastward.

                            Erosion along this reach of shoreline has become a serious problem

                      at several locations. Shore protection for State Highway 13 has been

                      required at a location 6.5 miles west of Port Wing between Reefer Creek and

                      Iron River. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in cooperation with the Wisconsin

                      Department  of Transportation, has established a demonstration site to

                      test low cost  structural protection methods. In addition to Highway 13,

                      several homes  are being threatened by erosion. Recession rates averaged

                      1.5 to 2.0 feet per year between 1938 and 1966. Locally, erosion rates

                      have been  much higher. Bluff retreat of 27 feet was measured over a

                      13 month period at the Corps of Engineers demonstration site (Sterrett, 1978).

                            Beaches, where present, are less than 10 feet wide and composed of

                      sand and gravel. These na   rrow beaches provide very little protection from

                      wave attack. Erosion of the bluff    face is largely the result of shallow

                      slides triggered by oversteepened   slopes and saturated earth flows. Very

                      little rotational slumping has been observed within this reach.

                                               123

                       With the exception of the western two miles of shoreline, part of the

                 Brule River State Forest, all land is under private ownership. State

                 Highway.11provides excellent access-and much of the shoreline has been

                .subdivided for seasonal and year-round homes. Even though several homes

                 are being threatened by erosion, no privately-owned shore protection

                 structures are found within this reach.

                                                     12.4

                                              Section 10/3.'T 49 N,R 10 W

                              The section lies just west of Brule Point in Brule River State

                         Forest   The western half is cut by the Brule River and the shoreline

                         characteristics show the river's influence. Access is excellent along

                         Brule River Road. A parking lot with picnic facilities lies at the

                         end of the road near shore, a small park operated

                         by the DNR. There is no bluff along the shore at     the eastern end. Here

                         sandy spits have prograded, protecting the bluff and forming a@.marshy

                         area behind. A profile across the'present spit is shown in RP 10/3-1.

                         In the remainder of the section, a very low bluff is present, rarely

                         exceeding 20 ft. The materials in the bluff are dominantly red clay

                         but others are present. Medium to coarse sands occurs below the red

                         c12y in varying thicknesses occasionally comprising much of the bluff.

                         At the toe and lying under the sand (where the sand is present),

                         a brown clay is occasionally exposed, and beneath that in just a few

                         small outcrops is a red sandy,till.     The bluff height is low enough

                         that major failures are uncoramon.. Instead, the toe is undercut

                         by wave action and the surface vegetation and sod slowly slide downslope.

                         Wheresand comprises much of the bluff, mass wasting phen*omena are

                         replaced by rill erosion. The beach is variable in width and particle

                         size. It is mostly sandy although certain subsections are bouldery

                         and cobbly. Where the beach is absent, wave action is directly

                         eroding the toe. Because of the good access, this reach is used frequently.
                         Since it is a state'@@forest, no housing development has o'ccured along

                         the bluff crest.

                                                125

                           SEC 10/3 T49N R10W

                            SAFETY FACTOR
                              A-less than I.UU
                              B-1.00 to 1.25
                              C-greater than 1.25

                            CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                              A-boreholes
                                (hig.h confidence)
                              B-near boreholes
                                                                                       VO
                                stratigraphy.visible
                              C-no stratigraphy
                                visible (low
                                confidence)

                                                                             0
                                                                           0 N
                                                                                       NY,

                                                       0
                                                      0 C4

                                                        13    10

                                       126

                                       Sec. 10/3, T 49 N, R 10 W

                     BluM

                       a) No Bluff; sandy spits at shore with marsh behind; stable
                         vegetated slope lies well behind beach

                       b) 100% vegetation with confier and alder; fairly hummocky
                         S-irface with occasional scarp; red clay over red sandy till;
                         20-25,' high with even crest

                       C) unvegetated except for occasional treeclump; red clay with
                         thick sand in places over red sandy till; shallow slides or
                         eroded; 20' high with even crest

                         40% vegetated with birch clumps; red clay over till; small
                         slumps and shallow slides; 20' high

                    Toe:

                       a) No Bluff

                       b) Yegetat-dd rounded slump block toe; forms step 2.5' high;
                         unprotected

                       c) occasionally

                     Beach:

                       a) sandy spits; pebble concentration along shore

                       b) 3-8 ft. sandy with scattered boulders; locally beach is cobbly

                       c) 20 ft.; sandy

                       d) 3-8 ft.; sandy with scattered boulders

                       e) 10-20 ft.; sand, boulders, cobbly in places, coarse sand
                         along shore

                                                            127

                       120-                                                                                             Prof ile 10/3-1

                       100-                                                                                                  ft. to 5 ft. dent h

                        80-
                    l'-
                    LIJ
                    UJI 60-                                                                      OFS veaetation
                    LL

                        40-

                        20-
                                     sandy spit

                                                          I       f       I
                                  20      46     66       80     100    120     140     160      180   200      220    240     260     280

                       120-                                                                                              Profile 10/3-2

                       100-                                                                                                   ft. to5ft.depth

                        80-

                    LLI 60-                                                                      80ro vegetation
                    UJI
                    LL

                        40-

                        20-...
                                          shallow slides

                                  b
                                 bc
                                  c
                                  26      4      66        80    100    120     140              180    200     220    240     260     280

                       120-                                                                                              Profile 10/3-3

                       100-                                                                                                  ft.to 5 ft.depth

                        80-

                    ui
                    Lij 60--
                    LL
                                            SF-1.390                                             1005r venetation at crest
                        40-                                                                        0% remainder of profile

                        20-

                              rr          )c r st
                            z -::,Z.
                                        _shal

                                  20      40              80     100     120    140     11@0     18'0   200     220    240    2@O      2'80
                                                                              FEET

                                                                   E E T

                                        Co.                                               cc
                                                COO

                            RRTYLF Prxyrp

                                                129

                                       Section 2, T 49 N, R 10 W

                         This section is located just west of Brule Point, about one mile

                     east of the Brule River. A sandy beach is present spordically along

                     the shoreline. Subsections of 15-20 ft. in width alternate with subsec-

                     tions of 15-20 ft. in width alternate with subsections of near or total

                     absence. The beach is quite wide just east of the stream estuary

                     which-bisects the section, but it narrows steadily thereafter. The

                     bluff is 15-20 ft. high at the western. end anddeclines slightly to

                     10-15 ft. at the estuary. Following a subsection of no bluff (graded,

                     gentle slope) it rises again to 10-15 it. and then more slowly

                     to 15-20 ft. It is failing by shallow sliding and flowing; but the

                     degree of. activity, as indicated by the amount of vegetation, varies.

                     Subsections with 80-100% vegetation alternate with subsection having
                     20-40%. The @luff is composed of clay, mostly slumping. The toe is

                     composed of slumped clay and its degree of protection relates directly

                     to the width (or absence) of the beach. There is reasonable access

                     to the middle of the section by an unimproved dirt road, but use seems

                     to be infrequent.

                                                    130

                                     SEC 2 T49N R10 W

                                       SAFETY FACTOR
                                         A-less than 1.00
                                         B-1.00 to 1.25
                                         C-greater than 1.25

                                       CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                         A-boreholes
                                           (high confidence)
                                         B-near boreholes
                                           stratigraphy visible
                                         C-no stratigraphy
                                           visible (low
                                           confidence)
                                                                                                VO

                                                 A               V

                                                                                0 N

                                                                                    ra.
                                                         0 N

                                             1 0

                                           us

                                                    131

                                                   Sec. 2.  T 49 N, R 10 W

                        Bluf f

                            a) 15-20 ft; shallow slides; vegetation 80% alder, birch, grass;
                                red clay

                            b)  15-:-20 ft; scarped crest; shallow slides and flows; vegetation
                                10%, birch clumps; red clay

                            c)  15-20 ft; crest scarped, shallow slides and flows; vegetation
                                20%, birch and alder clumps; red clay

                            d)  10-15 ft; crest scarped; shallow slides with good blocks;
                                vegetation 60-70%, alder, poplar, grass; red clay

                            e)  absent graded slope very low gradient

                            f)  rising quickly to'10-15 ft.; s  hallow slides with little
                                movement; vegetation 90-100% grass, alder, birch red clay

                            g)  15-20 ft; crest scarped; shallow slides; vegetation 30-50%
                                grass, alder poplar birch; red clay

                        Toe:

                            a) p rotected slumped red clay

                            b) unprotected, slumped red.clay

                            c)  mostly protected slumped red clay

                            d)  unprotected, slumped red clay

                            e)  absent graded slope very low gradient

                            f)  mostly protected, slumped red clay

                            g)  0-5 ft mostly absent; coarse sand with scattered pebbles

                         Beach:

                            a)  15-20 ft; coarse and magnetitesand, pebbles at water

                            b)  absent

                            c)  10-15 ft; coarse sand with cobbles    and boulders scattered

                            d)  0-5 ft;-mostly absent, coarse sand

                            e)  80 ft narrowing esatward to 10 ft;    coarse sand with pebbles
                                and cobbles at water

                            f)  5-10'ft. often interrupted; coarse sand with many cobbles
                                throughout

                                                  132

                               0-5 ft. mostly absent; coarse sand with scattered pebbles

                                                     133

                     120-
                                                                                                      Profile 2-1

                     100-                                                                                 ft.to5 ft.de pth

                      go-

                   LU
                   LLJ 60-
                   U-
                      40-     minor slump block                                   A-B 309o vegetation
                                                                                  B-C    0% vegetation
                                                                                  C-D 50% vegetation
                      20-  A     SF*=.96

                                  c

                                20   46     60    so    100   120    140   160    180   200    220    240  260    280

                     120-@                                                                             Profile 2-2

                     100-                                                                                  ft. to 5 ft. depth

                      so-

                   W  60-
                   W
                   LL.
                                                                                  A-B    0% vegetation
                      40-  shallow slides

                                           SF*=.75
                      20-    A

                                @20  46     60    80    100   120    140    160   180   200           240   260 280

                     120-
                                                                                                      Profile 2 -3

                     .100-                                                                                ft.to 5 ft.depth

                                                                                                                  -lop-

                   Ui
                   LIJ 60-
                   U-
                                                                                  A-B 100ra vegetation
                      40-
                             shallow slides

                      20-            SF*=1.10

                                20   40      60   80    100    120   140   160    180    200   220    240  2@O    280
                                                                   FEET

                                                    F E E T
                                0.    M             Z     X!
                                                                       cc     a
                                0     0                   0      0

                                                                                                         CA

        Lft
        40

                                                   135

                                         Section 1, T 49 N R 10 W

                           This section lies on the eastern side of Brule Point and is the

                      eastern-most section of the shoreline in Douglas County. Th     rough-

                      out the section, the bluff materials consist predominantly of red

                      clay. In two isolated locations, a browner clay of similar texture

                      occurs, but does not influence in the vegetation or failure style.

                      In the western part of the'section where vegetative cover is 100%,

                      the bluff is stable and has a smooth, moderately steep profile.

                      Farther east, vegetation decreases and the clay is failing in small

                      rotational slumps and shallow slides. These slides scallop the bluff

                      crest and carry sod clumps and trees down slope. In the eastern-most

                     -portion, the bluff may be unvegetated and very steep with shallow

                      slides and flows. The*crest of the bluff lies 20-30 ft. above the lake

                      and is fairly even, rising steadily towards the east. The toe

                      of the bluff is unvegetated, except for the western portion and the

                      occasional sod clump brought down from the crest. It is composed of

                      slumped red clay. It is protected by a wide sand beach except in

                      a few subsections where waves attack the toe directly. The shoreline,

                      here,  is undeveloped and is used seldom. Access is poor and only

                      from unimproved dirt roads which lie in the adjoining sections.

                                                  136

                                   SECI T49N RIOW
                                                                 SAFETY rACTOR
                                                                   A-less than 1.00
                                                                   B-1-00 to 1.25
                                                                   C-greater than 1.25

                                                                 CoNiFIDENCE LENTEL
                                                                   A- oreholes
                                                                     (high confidence)
                                                                   B-near boreholes
                                                                     stratigraphy visible
                                                                   C-no stratigraphy
                                                                     visible (1014
                                                                     confidence)

                                                                                               Sle

                                                                               ON

                                                                   C4
                                            T-A

                                                    137

                                             Sec. 1, T  49 N, R 10 W

                        Bluf f

                            a) 10% vegetation, sod clumps; shallow slides in red clay; 18 ft.
                               with root-bound crest

                            b) 100% vegetation; grass sod with birches, smooth stable slope
                               in red clay; 20' with even crest

                            C) 10-40% vegetation with sod and birch in clumps; shallow
                               slides with occasional rotational slump; 20-30' high rising
                               steadily to the east

                            d) 0-50%; well Vegetated where small slumps predominate; no
                               vegetation in near vertical scarps; red clay; 20-30' irregular
                               crest.

                        Toe:

                            a) slumped red clay, unvegetated, occasional unprotected

                            b) 1-2' stop of red clay, protected

                            c) unvegetated slumped clay; forms small scarp when occasionally
                               unprotected

                            d) unprotected  slumped red clay

                         Beach:

                            a) 3-10 ft.; sand

                            b) 30 ft.; sandy, no pebbles

                            c) '20 ft. sandy

                            d) 0-5 ft, swash zone occasional; sandy

                            e) 20-30.ft., sandy, no pebbles

                            f) 0-10 ft, sandy with occasionally covering slumps

                                                         138

                              120-                                                                   Prof i le  1-1

                              100-                                                                       ft. to 5 ft. dept

                           U.1
                           LLI 60-
                           LL                                                       109o vec)etation

                              40-

                              20-..          allow slides

                                  rc
                                     20     46   60   80    100   120  140   160   180  200    220  240   260  280

                              120-
                                                                                                     Profile 1-2

                              100-                                                                       ft. to 5ft. der

                              80-

                           LLI 60-                                                  10%/ vegetation
                           LLJ
                           LL
                                       SF*-.75
                              40-

                                             shallow slides

                              20-

                                               .66
                                     20     40         80   100  120   140   160   180   200  2@0   240   2@O  280

                                                                                                     Profile 1-3

                              100-                                                                      ft.to 5 ft.dep

                              so-

                           LIJ                                                      SOF -typnetatinn
                           Uj 60-
                           U-
                                     SF*-.55
                              40-!

                                      slumn hlock
                              20-
                                      C@

                                 :@@@h-llow slides
                                     20     40   60   so    100   120  140   11@0  180   200  220   2@O  760   280
                                                                      FEET

                                                             t 49 N.,' R. I OW,Se c.1

                           240-

                           220-

                           200-

                           180-

                           160-

                           140

                        uj
                        UA
                           120

                           100

                           so

                           60

                                                                   2               3
                           40-

                           20

                                                                  rc               rc
                                                                 f 76'
                                                            7-
                                        rc F

                                     0          1000        2000        3000        4000        5000
                                                               F E E T

                                                    140

                                             Section 6, T49N, R9W

                          This section is the westernmost section in Bayfield County. the

                    bluff throughout is composed of 15 to 20 feet of red clay over 5 feet or

                    less of brown clay which is exposed occasionally at the toe. This material

                    is failing.in shallow slides and sliding tree clumps producing a hummocky

                    surface. Medium scale rotational slumps occur occasionally. Bluff height

                    is fairly consistent at  30 feet. The amount of vegetative cover increases

                    from 10-30% in the west  to 100% in the east and consists primarily of birch

                    and alder with grass. The toe is made of red clay that has, slid*downslope

                    and is protected throughout by a wide (15-30 feet) sandy  beach. Access to

                    the shoreline is possible along a dirt.road from highway  13. Though the

                    land surface affronting the lake has been cleared in the  past, it.is returning

                    to a natural,state. No homes occur and the shoreline is infrequently used.

                                               141

                                 SEC6 T 49 N       9 W

                                                          S
                                                            _E
                                                           @@E Ty FACTOP 1,00
                                                            A less than
                                                            B-1-00 to 1.25
                                                            C-greater tlian 1.25
                                                          CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                                               (high confidence)
                                                            B-near bareholes
                                                               strat! graphy visible
                                                             C-no stratigraphy
                                                               visible (low
                                                               confidence)

                                                         0                       0
                                                                               0 N

                                            1        1u
                                 C%                                              M
                                                                            M
                                                                             Co.

                                                         142

                                              Sec. 6, T  49 N, R 9 W

                            Bluf f

                                 a) 10-30% vegetatated,shallow slides moving sod clumps; red with
                                    occasional brown clay at base; 30' high

                                 b) 40-80% vegetated, variable types, alder and birch predominate
                                    shallow slides and medium scale rotational slumps in red
                                    clay; 20-30' high

                                 c) 100% vegetated; alder and grass, low sloping hummocky surface
                                    in red clay; 30' high

                             Toe:

                                 a) slumped red clay, protected

                                 b) slumped red clay; occasionally unprotected

                                 c) continuation of bluff slope

                             Beach:

                                 a) 30' wide; sand with pebbles at shore

                                 b) 5@-15' wide, width variable; sand

                                 c) 30-40' wide, sand with pebbles at shore

                                                143

                  120-                                                                         Prof ile 6 - I

                  100-                                                                            tt. to 5 f t. depth

                  so-

                w
                W 60-
                U-

                  40-
                                 1-hallcyw qlides
                                 S                                     10-20%1'eqetation

                  20-

                                              I
                           20    40    60    so    100   120   140   1@0   I"     2@O   2'20 240   26'0  2@0'

                  120-                                                                         Prof i le 6 -2

                  100-                                                                            ft. to5ft.depth

                  SO -

                w 60-
                w
                LL

                  40-
                                                                     10(r, Vegetation
                                 Small slumps
                  20-

                             r
                           @6    4     66    @O    1@0   140   140         1@0    200   220  240   260 216

                  120-                                                                         Prof i le 6- 3

                  100-                                                                            ft.to 5 ft.depth

                  so-
                                                                    100%  Vegetation
                w
                LLj 60-
                U-
                  40-                                   SF=2.87

                  20-
                          rc

                                        Pr
                           20    40    60    80    100   120   140   1@0   1@0    260   22'0 24'0  2@O   280
                                                             FEET

                                                                       F E E T

                                            ol                0                         a.       CD       0

                                                                                                                                                10

                                                                                            Vtv T

                                                145

                                          Section 5, T49N, R9W

                       This section occurs near the western end of Bayfield County and is

                 bisected by Fish Creek. State Highway 13 lies within 1/4 mile throughout

                 the section. The bluff is 25 to 30 feet high and is composed of 15 to 20

                 feet of red clay over 5 feet of brown clay. The bluff is fairly stable,

                 its rounded, hummocky appearance indicating no major recent movement.

                 Failure has occurred more recently east of Fish Creek where the bluff-top

                 has been cleared near a small cottage. The bluff is well-vegetated throughout

                 with birch and alder forest. The bluff toe is protected by a wide (15-25 feet)

                 sandy beach. At the extreme east end of the section, the Corps of Engineers

                 has levelled the bluff and rip-rapped the toe with a variety of materials

                 (see subsection description) as a shoreline protection demonstration. A

                 dirt road just west of Fish Creek provides access to the shoreline. One

                 cottage is present but shoreline use is minimal.

                                                          146

                                        SEC 5 T4 9 N R9 W

                                            SAFETY FACTOR
                                              A-les@i than 1.00
                                              B-1.00 to 1@25-
                                              C-greater than 1.25

                                            CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                              A-borcholes
                                                (high confidence)
                                              B-near boreholes
                                                strati-raphv visible
                                              C-no straticgraphy
                                                visible (low
                                                confidence)
                                                                                        V

                                                                                                        ie

                                                                  cc         F4

                                              M
                                                    "'@encp

                                                               42

                                                                           00

                                                   147

                                          Sec. 5,  T 49 N, R 9 W

                       Bluff and Toe:

                           a), 100% vegetated in alder and birch forest; smooth to slightly
                              hummocky surface in red clay; fairly stable; 20-25' high of
                              even crest

                           b) no bluff, Fish Creek with low lying lateral terraces

                           c) 100% vegetated in alder and birch forest; hummocky surface
                              with occasional slumps, red clay, 30' high with even crest

                           d) Corps of Engineers rip-rap study; 500' wide; bluff leveled
                              at low slope and the following sequence of materials are
                              found at toe (west to east)
                                   Boulders
                                      Concrete ribbed blocks
                                        Boulders
                                           Interlocking cinder blocks
                                                  Boulders
                                                      Interlocking cinder blocks
                                                            Boulders
                                                               Bolted automobile tires
                                                                   Boulders
                                                                      Fence of I-Beam frame and
                                                                      railroad ties

                        Beach:

                           a) 20-25' wide; sand with pebbles

                           b) 15-20' wide sandy

                           c) 15-20' wide sandy

                           d) 10-15'; sandy, pebbly with cobbles and scattered boulders

                           e) (see bluff subsection 1d')

                                                    148

                          120-                                                              Prot i le5 -1

                          100-                                                                 ft. to 5 ft. depth

                          go-

                        w
                        W 60-
                        LL

                          40-
                                         SF*-. 77
                                                                       1000, Vegetation
                          20-

                                 20    40    60   so  100  120   140  160  180   200  220  240  260  280

                          120-                                                              Profile 5 -2

                          100-                                                                  ft. to 5 ft. dept

                        w 60-
                        III                        -SP-1. 60
                        LL                                            80% Vegetation
                          40-

                                     Slump, b ock

                          20-

                                     rc
                                         bc -
                                       4     66   80  100  120   140  160  180    2W  220  240  260  280

                          1207                                                              Profile 5- 3

                          100-                                                                 ft.to 5 ft.deptt

                        w
                        Ui 60-
                        U-
                          40-                     SF-1.42              100% Vegetation

                          20-      r

                                      br.
                                     Slumpb

                                          c
                             .-@@rc  @b

                                   r h,
                                 20    40    60   80  100   120  140  1@0  1@0    260 22'0 :@O  2@O  2@O
                                                               FEET

                                                             T.49 N. R. 9 W,Ss c.5

                           240-

                           220-

                           200-

                           180-

                           160

                           140

                        ui
                        ui
                           120

                           100

                                                             w
                                                             w
                                                             te
                           so -                              u

                           60 -

                                                                           2             3

                           40-

                           20-
                                              rc                           rc          rc

                                                1000        2000        3000        4000        5000
                                                               f E E T

                                                  150

                                            Section 4, T49N, R9W

                         This section lies 5 miles to the west of Port Wing near the western

                    end of Bayfield County. The bluff is. 20 to 25 feet high and is composed

                    primarily of red clay (15-20 feet) over brown clay (<5 feet). This material

                    is failing in shallow slides and sod clumps moving down slope. Vegetative

                    cover is highly variable, ranging from 0 to 100% depending on the failure

                    activity along a given portion of the shoreline. Vegetat ion consists of

                    birch, alder, shrubs, and grass predominantly. The bluff is protected

                    throughout by a 5 to 25 foot sandy beach. Towards the east end, boulders

                    occur occasionally on the beach. Half of a doz en cottages are located along

                    the bluff-top but use of the shoreline is minimal. The section.is bisected

                    by Reefer Creek and State Highway 13 lies with in 1/4 mile throughout the

                    section.

                                                 151

                                 SEC4 T49N R 9W

                                                                       SNFETY FACTOR
                                                                         A-less than 1.00
                                                                         B-1.00 to 1.2S
                                                                         C-greater than 1.25

                                                                       CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                                                         A-boreholes
                                                                           (high confidence)
                                                                         B-near boreholes
                                                                           stratigraphy visible
                                                                         C-no stratigraphy
                                                                           visible (low
                                                                           confidence)

                                                               00

                                                    0 N

                                                    N m

                                    Ln

                                                          152

                                                  Sec. 4, T49N, R9W

                           Bluf f &  Toe:

                                a) 20-40% vegetated, tree and sod clumps moving down ste          ep (60%)
                                    slope in red clay; 20-25' high

                                b) No bluff; Reefer Creek

                                c)  0% vegetated; shallow slides in steep red clay with brown
                                    clay at base; 20' high

                                d)  100% vegetated; shrubs and birch, shallow slides and small
                                    scale rotational slumps; 20' high

                                e)  40-60% vegetated with tree clumps      and grass moving    downslope,
                                    shallow slides, red clay, 20-25' high

                            Beach:

                                a)  20-25 ft.; sand with occasional pebbles

                                b) Reefer Creek;sand spits

                                c)  5-20 ft; sand with occasional boulders

                                                       153

                      120-                                                                               Profile 4-1

                      100-                                                                                   ft. to 5 f t. depth

                      so-

                   w
                   W  60-
                   LL

                      40-             SF*=.79                                 Oq Venetation

                                         5hallo
                      20- -7@@                  %v slides
                                                    I
                                20    40     60    so     100   120     140   160   180     200   220   240   260    2W

                      120-                                                                               Prof i le 4 -2

                      100-                                                                                   ft. to5ft.depth

                      so-

                   w  60-

                   ILL

                      40-

                                                                          .1007o Vegetation

                      20-

                               .26    46     6'0   80     100   120     140   160   180     26   2@O    2@O   2@O 2'80

                      120-                                                                               Profile

                      100-                                                                                   f UO 5 f t.depth

                      so

                   Uj 60-
                   LL

                      40-

                      20-

                               @O     4'0    @O    810    1@0   120    140   V;6    11@0    2@O  22'0   2'40  2@O    280
                                                                     FEET

                                                                         t49N.,R.9 W,Sog.,4

                                240-

                                220-

                                200-

                                ISO
                                                                                                                                                                                 Ln

                                160-

                                IAO

                                120

                                100

                                80

                                60
                                                         CL
                                                         u

                                                         (x                2
                                40-                      14

                                20-

                                              rc
                                              T ;7                     1@7-c     t

                                           0             1000           2000          3000           4000          5000
                                                                           F E E T

                                                      155

                                                Section 33, T 40 N, R   9 W

                           This section lies 5 miles west of Port Wing near the west end-of

                    Bayfield County. The section is bounded on the east by the Iron River.

                    The bluff is 15 to 20 feet high and is composed mostly of red clay. The

                    stiffer and slightly more silty brownclay, which is present to the west of

                    this section, is absent here. Also, bedrock, which is Precambrian red

                    sandstone of the Bayfield Group and absent to the west, is present for

                    the first time in this section. Medium scale rotational slumps and shallow

                    slides are the predominant failure type. Vegetative cover is variable

                    depending on   failure activity and includes birch, fir, and grass. A wide

                    beach (20 to,  40 feet) occurs at the east end of the section but elsewhere

                    the.beach is   either narrow, absent, or replaced by bedrock. Thus, in places,

                    wav@s freely   attack the bluff toe. The shoreline is accessible.at its

                    eastern end  from State Highway 13 but is probably rarely used.

                                          156

                              SEC 33 T 50 N   9 W

                              SAFETY FACTOR
                              --X--Iess than 1.00
                                D-Loo to 1.25
                                C-greater than 1.25

                              CONMENCE LML

                                 (Ugh eQnf

                                 stratigraphy vi,@ ti>lo
                                C-no stratigraphy
                                 visible (low
                                 e0afidence)
                                                           *OL

                                                     157

                                        Sec. 33, T50N, R9W

                         Bluff & Toe:

                             a)  80-100% vegetated, birch and firs; Medium scale rotational
                                 slumps in red clay over 1-10' feet of red clayey sand;
                                        high with even crest;-bedrock at toe in west half.

                             b)  10% vegetated, birch clumps sliding downslope; shallow slides
                                 in shallow slides in red clay-Vith bedrock occasionally at
                                 toe; 20' high

                             c)  40-50%@vegetated, birch and sod clumps; small slumps; no bedrock
                                 at toe; 15-20' high tapering off to east

                          Beach:

                             a)  0-10 ft; sandy with boulders; boulder concentration increases
                                 to the east

                             b)  0-5 ft.; cobbly and bouldery; beach often replaced by bedrock
                                 V-5' exposed

                             c)  20-40 ft, widening towards east and Iron River; sand with
                                 pebbles; no bedrock

                                                               158

                               120-                                                                              Profile 33- 1

                               100-                                                                                  It. to 5 It. depth

                               go-

                            W
                            W  60-
                            LL

                               40-

                                                                                       2(ro Vegetation
                                        chall7ow slides
                               20-

                                        rd
                                         I
                                        20      40   66           100   120    140     160  180 .200     220    240   260   2W

                               120-                                                                              Profile33 -2

                               100-                                                                                  ft. to 5 ft. dept

                               so-

                            W
                               60-
                            W
                            LL
                               40-.        SF=.92
                                                 Shallow sl  -ides                   0%  Vegetation
                               2C@-

                                    r
                                        26      46   66     96    1@0   120    140     '11@0 11@0  200   220    240   260   280

                               120-                                                                              Prof i le

                               100-                                                                                  1 Lto 5 f t.. dept V

                               so-

                            W
                            W  60-
                            LL

                               40-

                               20-

                                        20      40   60     so    100    120   140    160   180    200   220   240    260   280
                                                                             FEET

                                                                             t5ON.,R.9 W,S@C,33

                                 240-

                                 220-

                                 200-

                                 180-

                                 160-

                                 140 -

                             uj
                                 120 -

                                 100 -

                                 so -

                                 60

                                                                           2

                                 40-

                                 20-

                                              0             1000           2000            3000           4000            5000
                                                                               F E E T

                                                  160

                                             Section 34, T50N, R9W

                         This section lies 4 miles to the west of Port Wing, Wisconsin and

                   the Iron River flows into Lake Superior at its west end. The stratigraphy

                   is more complex here than to the west. Throughout the section, red clay

                   occurs at the top of bluff and makes up the whole bluff towards the western

                   end. In the middle portion of the section, two-thirds of the bluff is made

                   fap of sand with occasional interbeds of red clay.  This unit forms a pronounced

                   break in slope. At the extreme easternend, a red sandy-loam till occurs

                   cropping out at the bluff toe. The   bluff height is 20 to 35 feet rising

                   steadily to the  east. Failure is primarily by small slumps and shallow

                   slides which carry clumps of sod downslope. Vegetation is sparse consisting

                   of birch and grass in the western end.. Towards the east, vegetation is

                   absent except for occasional sod clumps. The beach is narrow and sandy

                   with cobbles and boulders. The width is not sufficient to protect the bluff

                   from wave attack during intense storms. The entire section shows signs

                   of past or present development. Numerous access roads and homesites

                   have been constructed, but the shoreline itself probably sees  little

                   concentrated use.

                                                      161

                                     SEC34 T 50 N A 9 W

                                         SAFETY FACTOR
                                           A-less than 1.00
                                           B-1.00 to 1.25
                                           C-greater than 1.25

                                         CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                           A-boreholes
                                             (high confidence)
                                           B-near boreholes
                                             stratigraphy visible
                                           C-no stratigraphy
                                             Visible (low
                                             confidence)

                                                                                 0 0
                                                                    00                              ty"L.

                                               tL

                                                      162

                                          Sec. 34, T50N, R9W

                         Bluff and Toe:

                              a) No:bluff, Iron River

                              b) 40% vegetated; birch and grass; red clay; small slumps and
                                 shallow slides; 20' high

                              C) 40% vegetated grass; red   clay over 2 ft. of clayey sand till;
                                 long narrow shallow sod blocks sliding downslope; 20-25' high

                              d) 0% vegetated, occasional tree clumps in east end where
                                 crestis vegetated; red clay over sand; shallow slides and
                                 flows; 30-55' high, sand forms break in slope

                          Beach:

                              a) Iron River; 50'   sand beach to west, cobbly swash zone to
                                 cast

                              b) 15'-20 ft., occasionally absent; sandy with cobbles and
                                 scattered boulders immediately off shore

                              c) 5-10 ft., sand and cobbles with boulders

                                                        163

                       120-
                                                                                                            Profile 3A -I

                       100-                                                                                     ft. to 5 ft. depth

                        so-

                     W
                     W  60-
                     LL
                                                                                 A-B 105; Vegetation
                        40-             SF=I. 17                                  B-C IO(Y-.: Vegetation
                                                                                C-D M Vegetation
                                          clump   block
                        20-

                                 rc

                                  I
                                 20     40     60     so   100    120    140    11@0  IiO    200     220  240    26'0  2W

                                                                                                            Prof ile 3A -2

                       100-                                                                                     ft. to 5 ft. depth

                        so-

                     W  60-
                     W
                     LL
                        40-             !zF*=.96

                        20-                  allow slumps                     20% Vegetation

                              rc
                                 26     4      66     8'0   100 120      140    160   180    200     220  240    260 280

                       120-                                                                                 Profile 34-3

                       100-                                                                                     ft.to 5 ft. depth

                        so-

                     Uj 60-

                        40-

                                        .;F*-.95

                        20-
                                          C-hallow flows     slides

                                W/C
                               @rc-

                                 210    410    60     80    100   120   140    160    11@0   26o     2@o  240    2@O   280
                                                                       FEET

                                                                  F E E T

                                                  cm
                                                                                         00
                                                                                                 CDP     CD

                              IPON RIVER

          fn
                                                                                                                                  z

                                                                                                                                  10

                      ffi;

             4;p

                   tA

                                                                                    V9T

                                                 165

                                         Section 35, T50N, R9W

                        This section lies three miles west of Port Wing and one mile east

                  of the Iron River. Jardine Creek and a small restaurant (the Quarry Inn)

                  are located near the eastern end of this section. The stritigraphy consists

                  of red clay over red sandy-loam till throughout the entire length of the

                  shoreline. At the eastern end, bedrock outcrops at the bluff toe. Above

                  the bedrock lies a zone of breccia composed of broken-up sandstone presumably

                  as a result of fracturing by overriding ice. Bluff height is even at 20

                  feet. Erosion of the bluff is by rill and wave erosion w/small shallow

                  slides. No large scale failures were observed. The bluff is unvegetated

                  except for occasional clumps of sod moving downslope. Boulders, eroded

                  from the sandy till, dot the predominantly sandy, narrowbeach. The bluff

                  top is fairly well developed for Lake Superior with several cottages, a

                  restaurant, and a wayside off of State Highway 13. Access to the beach is

                  easily made from any of these sites.

                                                     166

                                    SEC35 T50N R9 W

                                                        SAFETY FACTOR
                                                          A-less than 1.00
                                                          B-1.00 to 1.25
                                                          C-greater than 1.25

                                                        CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                                          A-boreholes
                                                            (high confidence)
                                                          B-near boreholes
                                                            stratigraphy visible
                                                          C-no stratigraphy
                                                            visible (low
                                                            confidence)

                                                                                                    WO,

                                                                                                     IS

                                                                N

                                                  0 N

                                                u

                                                in
                                              CL IC

                                                    167

                                       Sec. 35, T 50 N, R 9 14

                        Bluff and Toe:

                            a)  0-20% vegetated, sod and birch clumps, red clay over red
                                sand till; till forms a break in slope; 20-30 feet.

                            b)  Jardine Creek, no bluff

                            c)  0% vegetated red clay, sandy till, disturbed bedrock over
                                bedrock rilled with slides; 20' high; > 100% slopes

                         Beach:

                            a)  15 ft.; sandy with occasional boulders

                            b)  5 ft; cobbly and sandy with occasionalboulders

                            c)  Jardine Creek

                            d)  10 ft; cobbles and boulders

                                                                           168

                                    120-                                                                                                Profile 35 - I

                                    100-                                                                                                     ft. to 5 ft. depth

                                    go-

                                Lij
                                LLJ 60-
                                U.

                                    40-
                                                  FF-.=.65 (rc)                                         0% Vegetation
                                    20-              Shallow slid(-s

                                              rd -                r-F*=1.03(rst)
                                                20     40       60      80    100     120     140     160      180    200      220    240     26'0    2E6

                                    120-
                                                                                                                                        Prof i le 35 -2

                                    100-                                                                                                     ft. to5ft.depth

                                    so-

                                W   60-
                                LU
                                LL

                                    .40-
                                                       I;F*                                           0% Vegetation
                                                           -.63 (rc)

                                    20-
                                         rc'*'-.       shallow slides
                                            rst                         SF*-1.0(rst)
                                                I
                                                20              60      80     100    120     140      11@0    1@0    200     220     240,    2@O     2iO

                                  A20-
                                                                                                                                        Prof He 35 -3

                                    100-                                                                                                     ft.to 5 ft.depth

                                    so-

                                W
                                LLJ 60 -
                                LL

                                    40-
                                                   SF*=.48(rc)
                                                   -,F-c.76 (rst)                              0% Vegetation
                                    20

                                                20     40       60     86     10'0    120     140     160      180    200     2iO     240     2@O     28'o
                                                                                            FEET.

                                                       169

                        120                                                                             Profile 35 - 4

                        100-                                                                               ft. to 5 ft -depth

                        80-

                    LU
                    LJJ 6o-
                    LL

                        40-        cF*=.43(rc)                                   05% Vegetation
                                   SF*=.68(rst)
                                   SF"-=. 68  s)
                        20- -..rc

                             cqbr

                                 20    40    60    So    100    120   140    160   180   200    220   240    260   280

                        120-                                                                            Profile

                        100-                                                                                ft. to 5 f t. depth

                        so-

                    uj  60-
                    LLI
                    LL

                        40-

                        20-

                                       46    @D     80    100   120   140    160   180   200    22D   240    260   280

                        120-                                                                            Profile

                        100-                                                                               ft.to 5 ft.depth

                        so-

                    LLJ
                    LLj 60-
                    U_

                        40-

                        20-

                                 20    40    60    so     100   120   140   160    ISO    200   220   240   2@O    280
                                                                    FEET

                                                               F E E T

                                               co
                                                       0       0      0       0              Q       C3.

                            JAPDINF CPFFK

                    14,-,

                   CL
                   (7

                                                                                OLT

                                                171

                                       Section 36/25, T50N,R9W

                        This section lies two miles west of Port Wing. The stratigraphy

                  throughout is highly variable with several units. Red clay occurs at

                  the bluff top through the entire section. In the western third,

                  this red clay overlies a red sandy-loam till which in turn overlies bedrock.

                  Occasionally the bedrock has a brecciated appearance. Red clay over

                  bedrock dominates the middle third. Here bedrock composes one-half to two-

                  thirds of the entire bluff. The remaining eastern third has red clay over

                  bedded sand and gravel with bedrock occurring occasionally at the toe. The

                  bluff varies in height from 20 to 35 feet. Vegetation'is sparse with the

                  exception of occasional sod clumps that have moved downslope. Erosion is

                  primarily by rilling and wave action with shallow slides. Little development

                  has occured along the bluff top with the exception of a few cottages. Access

                  to the beach is from Kukor Road located at the eastern end of the section.

                                                      172

                                     sEC36/25 T50N R9w'

                                                @gr@,Ty YACTI.IR
                                                              1.00
                                                   ._less th n
                                                   B-1,00 to 1.25
                                                   C-greater than 1.25                                    90
                                                CONTIDENTCE LEVFL
                                                      --'@o
                                                     (high corif idence)                                   a04
                                                   B-near borehales
                                                     stratigraDhy visible
                                                   C-no Stratigraphy
                                                     visible (Im'T
                                                     confidence)

                                                             0
                                                           0

                                                            u

                                                    173

                                            Sec. 36/25, T 50 N, R 9 W

                 Bluff and Toe:

                     a) 0-20% vegetation, birch clumps; red clay over disturbed bedrock
                         occasional cobbly sandy till; eroded with clay flows; bedrock in
                         toe and occasional wave beaten; 20-25 ft,

                     b)  0% vegetation; red clay over bedrock; 20'    with Bedrock up to 15'

                     c)  0-10% vegetat 'ion, tree clumps; red clay over find sand and gravel;
                         rilled with shallow flows.; 20-30' high

                  Beach:

                     a)  5-20'; cobbly with occasional sandy streatches and scattered bedrock
                         outcrops

                     b)'bedrock with occasional small sand pockets

                     c) 20-30'; sand and pebbles with scattered boulders and cobbles

                     d) 5'; cobbles and boulders

                                                           174

                           120-                                                                           Prof i le 36/25 --1

                           100-                                                                               ft. to 5 it. depth

                            so-

                         LLI
                         LLI 60-
                         LL

                            40-

                                                                                 0% Vecetation
                                            *-.!56(rc)
                            20-            .*-.79(br)
                                rc",
                                  d        @Iucl f 10,ms
                                     h-r-
                                    20     40    60    86    100    120   140   160   180    200   220   240   260   280

                           .120-                                                                           Profile 36;25-2

                           too-                                                                                ft. to 5 ft. depth

                            so-

                         LLJ 60-
                         LLI
                         LL           cF=1.20                                0%  Vegetation
                                             SF=1.71
                            40-

                                             M d flows

                                     .s

                                                                    -T-
                                    20     46    a6    80    100    120   140   160   180     200  220   240    260 280

                           120-                                                                            Profile

                           100-                                                                               ft.to 5 ft.depth

                            so-

                         F-
                         uj
                         Uj 60-
                         LL

                            40-

                            20-
                                          tzr
                                  d@
                                    r
                                     h-r-

                              KLF
                            270              M
                                               d

                                    20     40    60    so    100    120   140   160   180     200  220   240   2@O   2iO
                                                                        FEET

                                                              T.5 0 N., R. 9 W,50 C. 36/25

                           240-

                           220-

                           200-

                           180-                                                                                                                       F-

                                                                                                                                                      Ln

                           160-

                           140

                        LU
                        uj
                           120

                           100

                           so

                           60

                                                                                                2

                           40-

                           20                                                                  rc
                                                            rc
                                                                                               sp
                                                            dbr
                                                       hr   ----                                  -  --           I
                                                                                                   T-     I

                                     0          1000         2000        3000        4000         3000
                                                                FE E T

                                                 176

                                      Section 30/19, T50N, R8W_

                         This section lies just one mile west of Port Wing. Quarry Point,

                   the site of an abandoned sandstone quarry, occurs at the east end of the

                   section. The entire shoreline in this section is-dominated by bedrock.

                   Locally sand and gravel may overlie the bedrock,and red clay occurs at the

                   top of the bluff throughout. The bluff height is 20 to 30 feet high with

                   bedrock making up one-to two-thirds. Rilling and some mudflows occur in

                   the red clay but the protection of the bluff by the bedrock toe allows the

                   unconsolidated portion of the bluff to become somewhat stabilized. Beaches

                   are present only in bedrock.recesses. Vegetation is 10 to 20% with shrubs

                   and occasional tree clumps. Several summer homes have been built along

                   Kukor Road in the western half of the section. The eastern half is largely

                   undeveloped. Access to the shoreline is eassy along Kuk.or Road and at

                   Quarry Point.

                                                    177

                                  SEC30/19 T50N R8W

                                                                                                  0
                                                                                                   ,e

                                    SAFETY FACTOR
                                      A-less than 1.00
                                      D-l.oo to 1.25
                                      C-greater than 1.25

                                    Co\,T- IDENCE LEVEL
                                       -boreholes                                                 C)KI
                                        (high confidence)
                                      B-near boreholes
                                        stratigraphy visible
                                      C-no stratigraphy
                                        visible (low
                                        confidence)

                                                               N

                                                             N

                                                  178

                                      Sec. 30/19, T 50 N, R 8 W

                 Bluff and Toe:

                     a) 10-20% vegetation, shrubs in ravines and occasional tree clumps;
                        shallow slides and rilling; red clay over sand with gravel lenses;
                        bedrock occasionally at toe and hit by waves; bluff steep 25-30'
                        high

                     b) bedrock domi.nated bluff with up to 10' of unconsolidated material
                        (red clay and/or sand with gravel) resting on 5-15' of exposed
                        bedrock; 20' high with little vegetation

                 Beach:

                     a) 5-25'; sandy and cobby wi.th scattered boulders and occasional bedrock

                     b) bedrock at water level with occasional cobbly pocket beaches

                                                      179

                      120-                                                                              Prof i le 30/29 - 1

                                                                                                            ft. to 5 ft -depth
                      too-

                       80-

                    LLJ
                    LLJ 60-                                                         Or/' venetation
                    LL       SP*-.52(.rc)
                             SF*-.57(so)
                       40-

                             rc
                       20              rilled
                               so          slides

                                20    46     60    so    100    120   140    160    180   200     220  240   260     280

                      120-                                                                              Profile 30/29 -2

                      100-                                                                                  ft. to 5 ft. depth

                       so-

                                         SF=1.249
                    Lij 60-                                                          10% venetation
                    LU
                    U-

                       40-

                       20-   r        rilled
                             rs

                              br
                                @6    40     66    So     100   120    140   160    180   2W      220  240    2@O   22 0

                      120-                                                                              Prof i le

                      100-                                                                                  f t. to 5 f t. dept h

                       so-

                    F-

                    LLj 60-
                    LL

                       40-

                       20-

                                      4@           80    .100   120   140    11@0   11@0  2@O    22'0  240   2@O     280
                                                                     FEET

                                                                                                                                           F E E T

                                                                                                                                                                                             co
                                                                                                                                                                                                               0                0                0

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CS)

                                                                                                                                                                               08T

                                                 181

                                               Reach 4

                        Reach 4 starts at Quarry Point one mile west of Port  Wing and extends

                  7 miles eastward to a sands tone outcrop one mile west of the Village of

                  Herbster. This reach includes Sections 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, and

                  22 of Township 50 North, Range 8 West, and Sections 6 and 7 of Township 50

                  North, Range 7 West in Bayfield County. The geology of the shoreline

                  changes significantly within this reach. A two-mile sand spit is found

                  along the western edge of Reach 4. This sand spit forms a bar around

                  the mouth of the Flag River. Bluffs reoccur west of the sand spit and

                  gradually rise to a height of nearly two hundred feet. The bluffs

                  are primarily composed of sand and gravel, and capped with a discontinuous

                  layer of clay-loam. Sandstone bedrock is exposed at the bluff toe at

                  several locations.

                        Beaches between Quarry Point and the Flag River are sandy and narrow.

                  East of the Flag River the beaches are sandy and very wide near the harbor

                  jetties, and decrease in width towards the east. Beaches along the

                  bluffs are generally less than 10 feet in width and composed of cobbles

                  and boulders. Where sandstone is exposed at the base of these bluffs, no

                  beach is present.

                        Erosion rates along this shoreline vary significantly. Between Quarry

                  Point and the jetties at the mouth ofIthe Flag River, recession rates in

                  excess of 20 feet per 'year have been measured. East of the jetties  the beach

                  has accreted as much as 12 feet per year.   This variation is caused by

                  the jetties which block the westerly littoral transport of sediment, thereby

                  starving beaches to the west and creating a surplus of sand on the eastern

                                                  182

                   side of the jetties. Along the  high bluffs, erosion is very spotty.

                   Approximately one-half of the bluffs are well vegetated and show little

                   active erosion while other portions are void of vegetation and actively

                   receding. Erosion of the bluffs occurs in the form of translational

                   slides and flows. No large-scale rotational slump blocks are present along

                   this shoreline. Where bedrock is exposed at the base of the bluffs,

                   the toe is protected from wave action and little or no erosion is present.

                         The land within this reach is entirely under private ownership.

                   Access to the shoreline is impossible along the high bluff shoreline.

                   The upland areas are undeveloped with the exception of a few year-round

                   residences. Excellent-access is available at Port Wing and a small boat

                   harbor is located at the mouth of the Flag River. Between Quarry Point

                   and the Flag River the shoreline is undeveloped. East of the river to

                   the high-bluff shoreline, a moderate amount of development has occurred,

                   including several seasonal and year-round homes. The only shore protection

                   structures along this reach are the steel-sbeet jetties at the mouth of

                   the Flag River.

                                                 183

                                        Section 20, T50N, R8W

                        This section is located just west of Port Wing. Except for a low,

                  wave-attacked bedrock bluff (10 ft. high) at the extreme western end of

                  the section, the shoreline is a 15 ft. wide, medium sand beach. The active

                  beach is backed by a 50-ft. wide zone of vegetated beach ridge and the

                  Bihor, Lake marsh. The harbor of Port Wing i's partially within this section

                  and there is access to the beach at the western end.

                              BVC2() 1 50 ta

                                                                                y         l.00
                                                                             j,@less
                                                                                     to j..25 1.25
                                                                                         than
                                                                                 reater

                                                                                        T
                                                                            C()N   rehojes       e)
                                                                                         nf ide tic
                                                                                 high CO 1,01.es
                                                                               D-riear bove , Islb]Le
                                                                                         :rrap Y
                                                                                  stratIg tgraphY
                                                                                C-no stra   (low
                                                                                   Visible nce)
                                                                                   Conf 3-de

                                                        0'
                                                          CIA

                                            Sec. 20/29, T 50 N, R 8 W

                   Bluff:

                       a) Low bench of red sandstone, 10' high and wave attacked

                       b) no bluff

                   Beach:

                       a) beach absent

                       b) wide beach; 15' with steep sand berm, with 50' of grass backed by
                          trees behind beach. Breakwater and light at eastern end for Port
                          Wing Harbor

                                                           186

                             120-                                                                          Prof i 14 20 -1

                             100-                                                                              ft. to 5 t I -depth

                             80-

                          LU
                          LU 60-
                          LL

        L                    40-

                                                                                   0% Vegetation
                             20-    -FF-c3.4
                                             Medium sand beach

                                     20     40    4@1   80    100, 120     140   160   180   200    220   240   260   2W

                             120-                                                                           Prof i le

                             100_,                                                                             ft. to5ft-depth

                             so-

                          w  60-
                          w
                          LL

                             40-

                             20-

                                           @6
                                     26           60    W     100   120    140   1@0   1@0    2W    220   240   260   280

                             120-
                                                                                                           Prof i le

                             lw_                                                                               ft.to 5 ft. depth

                          LIJ
                          LU 60-
                          LL

                             40-

                             20-

                                     20    40     60    so    100   120   140    4D    18'0   200   220   240   260   280
                                                                         FEET

                                                             T-5 ON., R. 8 W, So c, 20

                           240-

                           220--

                           200-

                           ISO-
                                                                                                                                                  co

                           160-

                           140

                        uj
                        LU                                                                Lb
                           120

                           100

                           80-

                           60

                                                                                          @-A

                           40-

                           20

                                     0          1000        2000        3000        4000        5000
                                                               F E E T

                                                  188

                                             Section 21, T50N, R8W

                         This section is located just east of Port Wing. The shoreline

                   is characterized solely by a beach ridge, backed by a marsh, The unvege-

                   tated (active) beach is 15 ft. wide and composed of medium to coarse sand.

                   The harbor at Port Wing is partially within this section.

                                                   189

                                 SEC21 T 50 N      R8W

                                          SAFETY FACTOR
                                           A-less than 1.00
                                           B-1.00 to 1.25
                                           C-greater than 1.25

                                         CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                           A-boreholes
                                             high confidence)
                                           B-near boreholes
                                             stratigraphy visible
                                           C-no stratigraphy
                                             visible (low
                                             confidence)

                                                                                                CY

                                                 190

                                           Sec. 21, T50N, R8W

                 Beach:

                     a) 15 ft; no bluff;,long sandy beach; backed by grass bordering marsh

                                                                            191

                            120-                                                                                                                    Profile 21-1

                            100-                                                                                                                         ft.to5ft-depth

                             so-

                         LU
                         LU  60-
                         LL

                             40-

                                                                                                             0% Vegetation
                             20-          FFjk=4. 2 5
                                                       Medium sand beach

                                          20         40      60       80        100      120      140       11@0      18'0     200       220     2410      260 .280

                            120-                                                                                                                    Profile

                            100-                                                                                                                          ft. to 5 ft. depth

                             so-;.

                         .w  60-
                         w
                         U-

                             40-

                             20-

                                          26         4       66        80        100     M        140       160      180        200     220      240       261D     280

                            120-
                                                                                                                                                   Profile

                            100-                                                                                                                         ft.to 5 ft.depth

                             so-

                         Ui
                         W   60-
                         .U-

                             40-

                             20-

                                          20         40      60       80         1160    11210    14'0      160      180        260     22'0     240       260      280
                                                                                                FEET

                                                                         F E E T

                                             0.                 a                                   co       Ol
                                     C>       a                 C>       a        a                 0        a

                                            bw

                                                                                                                                                   co

             0

             40

                                                                                              Z6T

                                                 193

                                        Section 22/15, T50N, R8W

                        Section 22/15 lies immediately to the east of Port Wing. Marked

                   changes in stratigraphy and bluff characteristics from those seen to the

                   west occur in this section. The bluff rises abruptly from a 5 feet beach

                   ridge at the section's western end to 60 feet after one-quarter mile. By

                   the east end of the section the bluff height has reached 80 feet. The bluff

                   is capped with a sandy clay to clay loam unit 3 to 5 feet thick. 'Most of

                   the material found in the bluff beneath this clay consists of sand with

                   occasional gravel lenses. Towards the eastern end, medium thick beds of

                   sandy clay occur'within the sand, and usually have seeps associated with

                   them. Most of the bluff is stable and well forested. Large seep failures

                   occur at acouple locations. Much of the bluff is protected from wave action

                   by a sandy, cobbly beach although during storms, waves probably attack the

                   toe. This section contains four private homesties, but most of the shoreline

                   is undeveloped and largely inaccessible.

                                                           194

                                        SEC 22/15 T.50N   n8W

                                       FAOT'IR
                               8APTY   s   n
                                 A -Jestha 1.00
                                 B-1-00 to 1.25
                                 C-greater than 1.25
                               CONTIDEN'CEF LMTL                                                    C
                               -Y--bo-reQes
                                   (high confidencfa)
                                 B-near boreholes
                                   stratigraphy visible
                                 C-no stratigraphy                                         L! 0
                                   visible (low
                                   confidence)

                                                             195

                                            Sec. 22, T 50 N, R 8 W

                    Bluff and Toe:

                         a) no bluff

                         b)  100% forested in fir and birch; rises to 30' steadily eastward;
                             stable slope in sand and gravel

                         c)  bluff is sand and gravel cut by ravines and seep failures with
                             debris slides which form fans at toe; rilling, gullying, and
                             sand flows -on none-vegetated bluff face; bluff alternates 100% forested with
                             0 vegetation; 60 ft with irregular crest

                         d)  100% forested, fir and. pine, smooth slope in sand and gravel;
                             60' high

                         e)  sand and gravel with occasional indurated sand layers with seeps;
                             80' high; patchy exposures; 100% forested otherwise

                     Beach.:

                         a)  15 ft sandy, pebbles at shore

                         b)  10 ft cobbles with sand at shore and more cobbles immediately.
                             of shore

                         C)  20';sandy, pebbles at shore

                         d)  20'; even width; cobbles

                         e)  5'; cobbles with numerous: slumped trees

                                                                  196

                                120                                                                                    Profile 22/15-1

                                100-                                                                                       ft. to 5 ft,depth

                                                                 SF= 1 .044

                             ui            smooth slopp
                             Lij 60-
                             LL

                                                                                                  100% venetatinn
                                40-

                                          so
                                20-

                                                                                                                T
                                           20     40    60    116    10,0   120    140    16TO   18'0   260    220    240    260   280

                                120-                                                                                   Prof i le 22/15

                                100-                                                                                        ft. to 5 ft depth

                                80-                             SF=1.057

                             F-
                             w             smooth  slope
                             w  60 -                                                              601.", venetation
                             LL

                                40-

                                         sq

                                20-                         small slide

                                                             rsc

                                           26     4     66     @O    10,0   120    140    160    180    200    220    240    260   280

                                120-                                                                                   Protile

                                100-                                                                                       ft.to 5 ft.depth

                                so-                                                                                                --Pm-

                             F-
                             w
                             LLj 60-
                             LL   .

                                40-

                                20-
                                                      "C'
                                        ,\\s

                                          I
                                           C,
                                           V

                                           5@mooth <slope
                                                             rsc

                                                  40    60     80    100    120    140    1@0    18,0   2,00   220    240   260    280
                                                                                 FEET

                                                                               197

                                120-                                                                                                                      Profile 22/15-3

                                100-                                              SFmO.996                                                                      ft. to 5 ft -depth

                                  80-

                             Uj
                             LIJ  64D -           rills         debris/
                             LL
                                                                                                                             0%   vpnotation

                                          rsc
                                  40----

                                          SO

                                  20 -              9-
                                                                           f
                                                                            low

                                                                                                                                     _T
                                               20       40         60       s6      11010      120      14'0      160       180      700       220      240       260       280

                                120-                                                                                                                      Profile 22/ 15-4

                                1007                                               SF=0.974                                                                     ft. to 5 ft. depth
                                           100% veqetation
                                  so-_

                             LLJ  60- S                                                                                      W,   vegetation except
                             LL)          W/C                                                                                     where noted
                             U_

                                                                     C
                                  40-

                                  20-
                                                                                                 d fan
                                                  sg
                                               210                 @D       80       100       120      140       11@0      180      26        2@O      240       2@O       280

                                120-,                                                                                                                     Pro  file

                                100-                                                                                                                            ft.to 5 ft.depth

                                  so-

                             LU
                             W    60-
                             ILL

                                  40-

                                  20-
                                          S
                                             @
                                             C

                                                 S

                                                                    C_
                                                                                            snd fan

                                                          f
                                               20       40         60       so       100       120      140      11@0       1;0      260      22'0      2@O       2@O       280
                                                                                                     FEET

                                                                                                                              F E E T

                                                                                                                                             a@
                                                                                              COO                                                                           COO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              co

                                                                           INN

                                                                                                                                                                  86-1

                                                  199

                                             Borehole Site 4

                         Borehole Site 4 is located within Reach 4 and begins 1.9 miles east

                   of the Port Wing harbor. This study area includes 2.1 miles of shoreline

                   in Sections 15, 14 and 11 of Township 50-north, Range 8 west in Bayfield

                   County. It is a high bluff area with bluffs ranging from 60 to 120 feet.

                   The face of the bluffs have been dissected by numerous gullies and intermittent

                   streams which gives the bluff face a 11flat iron" appearance.

                         The composition of the bluffs in this study area are much different

                   than those to the west. Bluffs are composed predominantly of well-sorted.

                   sand and gravel. Clay-loam (less than 10.feet thick). caps the sand in

                   some locations. Precambrian sandstone is exposed at the bluff toe in the

                   northeast portion of Section 15, the southwest portion of Section 14 and

                   the northeast end of the study area in Section 11.

                         Beaches along this coast are generally less than 20 feet wide and composed

                   of cobble t,o boulder-sized clasts. Where b-edrock.is exposed at the bluff

                   toe the beach is often absent (see Profile 3)-. Althrough translational

                   slides are the primary mechanism of erosion, sheetwash and rill erosion are

                   also evident in this study area. The aerial distribution of erosion is very

                   irregular. Bluffs which are actively eroding and void*of vegetation are

                   often adjacent bluffs which are fully vegetated on slopes greater than 45

                   degrees (Profile 2). This pattern  does not appear to be modified by the

                   presence of bedrock at the bluff toe. This pattern appears to indicate that

                   bluff failures are not initiated by wave attack at the bluff toe, but erosional

                   agents acting on the upper half.

                                                       200

                                                                                                d

                                                                                                   d   4
                                                                                                         3

                                                                               c

                                                                                c
                                                                                         0
                                                                                         W1

                                                        b

                                                         b

                                                            in

                                                                                  -70

                                            V 0

                                                                                                8:4

                                        0
                                                                                                    N

                                                                74
                                                           5
                                                            2.

                                      SAFETY FACTOR (SF)                               6 BEACH
                                        A-less than--I--.-UO
                                        B-1.00 to 1.25                                 5 TOE
                                        C-greater than  1.25..                         4 BLUFF
                                      CONFIDENCE LEVEL                                 3 STABILITY LINE
                                        A-a" boreholes                                 2 CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                          (high confidence)
                                        S-near boreholes with                            SAFEY FACTOR
                                          stratigraphy visible
                                        C-no stratigraghy
                                          visible (low                         APPROXIMATE SCALE
                                          confidence)                         I inch   1500 feet

                                                 201

                                           Borehole  Site 4

                  Bluf f

                        a) Steep slopes, greater than 45*. Vegetation generally restricted
                           to ravines, translational slides present.

                        b) Bedrock, well vegetated

                        c) Steep slopes. Vegetation limited to ravines, gullying and
                           translational slides present.

                        d) Bedrock, well vegetated

                  Toe:

                        a) Wave cut exposing bluff material.

                        b) Generally fully vegetated with sandstone exposed

                        c) Wave cut exposing bluff material

                        d) Fully vegetated with sandstone bedrock exposed

                  Beach:

                        a) 15 to 20 feet, cobbles and boulders, wider near gullies.

                        b) 0 to 10 feet, cobbles, boulders, and/or bedrock.

                        c) 10 to 20 feet, cobbles and boulders, wider near gullies.

                        d) 0 to 10'feet, cobbles, boulders, and/or bedrock.

                                                         202

                                                                                     T-50N.,R 8 W.,SEC15

                              100-
                                                                                           PROFILE 1

                              80-                                                          01% vegetation

                              ui 60 - bd,p.s
                              uj

                              40        9

                              20-         S/g

                                                                      beach   cobbles

                                       0            40           80          120           160         200

                              100-
                                                                                           PROFILE 2

                              80 -      A                                                  vegetation
                                  md.p,s  B                                                AB - 0%
                           u' 60-                                                          BC - 100%
                           LU
                           U-                                                              CD - 0%

                              40-   concealed

                              20-
                                                            C
                                                    S         D   beach   cobbles

                                       0            40           80          120           160         200

                              100-
                                                                                           PROFILE 3

                                                                                           0% vegetation

                                  P,si,c
                           Lu 60-
                           ui
                           LL     bd.p,s
                              40--        s

                              20 -

                                                       ss            no beach
                                       c
                                     pls@
                                          S
                                   "p'    B
                                  _7conc@ealed-
                                                            C

                                                    S
                                                              D

                                         bd.P S

                                                     -Ss--

                                       0           40           80           120           160        200

                                                            203

                                                                                               T.50N.,RS W-,SEC 11
                                    100 P,si,c
                                                                                                    PROFILE 4
                                     80
                                                                                                    0% vegetation
                                           bkl.P,s       seeps
                                 U"J' 60

                                    40

                                   20

                                                                                       beach   cobbles/boulders
                                             0            40            80           120.          160          200

                                                  204

                                              Section 1.4/11, T50N, R8W

                         The section lies three miles west of the town of Herbster. Most

                   of the bluff in this section consists of sand with gravel. But the

                   stratigraphy may be complicated locally by lenses of red sandy clay which

                   are not vertic ally or laterally extensive. The bluff rises steadily to

                   the east from 75 ft. to 140 ft. interrupted occasionally by small creeks

                   entering the lake. Where the bluff is nonvegetated, shallow sand flows-and

                   rills develop. However, most of the bluff is well vegetated in forest.

                   Occasionally, seep failures occur producing long narrow gullies and sand

                   fans at their base. Seeps are usually associated with the clayier beds

                   within the sand. Beaches Are narrow and cobbly, widening where the bluff

                   faces more northeasterly. During intense storms, waves attack the bluff

                   toe directly. The beach and the land along the bluff top is totally undeveloped.

                   The steepness and height of the bluff discourage use of the shoreline in

                   this section.

                                                    205

                                  SEC 14/11 T50 N R 8 W

                                      SAFETY FACTOR
                                        A-less than 1.00
                                        B-1-00 to 1.2S
                                        C-greater than 1-25

                                      CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                        A-boreholes
                                           (high confidence)                                    00
                                        B-near boreholes
                                                juraphy visible
                                           strat
                                        C-no stratigraphy
                                           visible (low
                                           confidence)

                                                                                          0
                                                                                          in

                                                                                               C;

                                                                          0
                                                                        0 on

                                                                            11 ON
                                                                            (L .
                                                                            (1.0

                                           0
                                           CII

                                                      206

                                         Sec. 14/11   T 50 @N, R 8 W

                   Bluff:

                       a) bluff mostly forested with scattered patches of non-vegetated bluff
                          face;  sand with discontinuous silty or clayey beds which are often
                          indurated With seeps; shallow sand flows and rills on exposed
                          face. Occasional seep failures producing long narrow gullies with
                          fans at base; 75-80' high with irregular crest

                       b) 100% Vegetated, fdrested; few scarps, smooth slope; sand with some
                          gravel and occasional clay layers in upper slope which produces
                          seeps, 100' high

                       c) 0-100% vegetated sand with red clay at top of bluff and occasional
                          gra@vel lenses; rilling, gulling and seep failures where non-vegetated;
                          steep 125 -140 ft seeps where sand is silty or clayey

                  Toe:

                       a) sand fans below failures; vegetated, bedrock at extreme W end

                       b) sand.fans

                       c) sand fads  below failures; "talus" of slid sand; vegetated

                   Beach:

                       a) 5-10'; cobbles with sand; o   ccasional covered by sand fan; numerous
                          slumped trees

                       b) 20-25; sand with cobbles; sand spits at creek

                       c) 10-15 ft; sand and cobbles; sand at creeks

                                                                               207

                                 120--                                                                                                                 Profile 14/11-1

                                 100-                                                                                                                       It. to 5 f t. depth

                                 so-                                                    SF=0.976

                             w
                             w   60-'           c                                                                         A-B; C-D           100c'@ veaetation
                             U_                                                                                           all other slopes unvenetated
                                 40-       s                       seeps

                                 20-
                                                   S                                     --,sand fan

                                                I
                                                20     40        60       ;70      160      1210      11410     '16'0     18'0     200       220     240       260       2W

                                 120-                                                                                                                   Prof ile 14/11-2

                                 100-                                                    SF-0.987                                                            ft. to5ft depth

                                 so-               rilled
                                           c
                             w   60-                                                                                      0% vegetation
                             w
                             LL                           -seeps
                                 40-
                                                s                           c3ullied

                                 20-
                                                                                                    and fan

                                                20     40        60       so       100      120       140       160       180       26       2@O     240       2@O       2iO
                                           sc
                                 120            eer)                                                       S
                                                                                                           .,F=0.953                                   Profile 14/11-3

                                 100-                                                                                                                        ft.to 5 ft.depth
                                             W/g

                                                                        illed
                                             -s- /si                      A                                               A-B        SOF vegetation
                             w                                                                                            B-C 100% venetation
                             W   607
                             LL
                                                         s                                          gullie
                                 40

                                                                                                               B
                                 20-                                                                                      asnd fan
                                        rs
                                                           d

                                                210     410       610     116       1;0      12'0     14'0      1         180       200      220     240       2@O       2'80
                                                                                                    FEET

                                                      F E E T

                                  0

        rn

                                                                                                           co

                                                                      80Z

                                                  209

                                             Section 12, T50N, R8W

                         This section is located 2 miles west of Herbster. The bluff is

                   140 ft. high at the western end of the section and the height decreases

                   gradually to 120 ft. at the eastern end. The bluff is cut by a number

                   of very large gulley systems, but all of the streams are intermittent.

                   The bluff is composed almost entirely of sand and gravel with a thin,

                   discontinuous cap of clay loam. In addition to rilling and gulleying,

                   seep failures are common and act to keep the gulleys from stabilizing.

                   Except for the active gulleys, the bluff is generally well-vegetated.

                   At the shoreline, cobbly beaches with a coarse sand matrix, 20-40 ft. wide,

                   alternate with bedrock outcrops 4-8 ft. high.

                                                     210

                                   SEC12 T50N        R 8 W

                                           SAFETY FACTOR
                                            A-less than 1.00
                                            B-1.00 to 1.2S
                                            C-greater than 1.25

                                          -CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                            A-boreholes
                                               (high confidence)
                                            B-near boreholes
                                               stratigraphy visible
                                            C-no stratigraphy
                                               visible (low
                                               confidence)                                          00

                                                           V
                                                       0                                      0 C,4

                                                             0 CII

                                                   0
                                                 0 in
                                                                   0

                                                 0

                                                      211

                                        Sec. 12,1750N, R8W

                    Bluff:

                       a)  140-150 ft; sand and gravel; seeping and rilling/gulleying; vegetation
                           variable 0-100%, -tall birch, alder, fir and thick undergrowth

                       b)  140-150 ft; sand with occasional gravel lenses; narrow seep failures
                           which open up laterally at creast; vegetated 60-100% tall birch,
                           fir and alder, thick undergrowth

                       c)  120-130 ft; sand; seeping;.rilling; dry flows; vegetation mostly
                           0% some 50-90% tall birch, cedar and fir with undergrowth

                       d)  140 ft dropping at strea-n,then rising, as a series of ridges
                           .oblique to shoreline, -to 120-140 ft.; sand with gravel lenses;
                           gulleying and dry flows; vegetation mostly 100% tall birchi cedar
                           and fir;'some 10-20% vegetated slum blocks

                    Toe:

                       a-) vegetated sand

                       b)  partially vegetated and partially failing sand

                       c)  6-8 ft bedrock

                       d)  vegetated sand, partially failing

                       e)  4-6 f.t.bedrock

                       f)  vegetated sand,partially failing

                       g)  4-6 ft and up to 25 ft of bedrock

                       h), vegetated sand, partially-failing

                    Beach:

                       a)  20-30 ft; cobbles and boulders with coarse sand matrix

                       b)  20-40 ft; coarse sand with cobbles atAoe

                       C)  20-5 ft; cobbles with pebbles and boulders

                       d)  bedrock with occasional 0-10 ft coarse sand

                       e)  20-30 ft; cobbles and   boulders with coarse sand matrix

                       f)  bedrock

                       g)  ?0-30 ft; cobbles and boulder's with coarse    and matrix

                                                  212

                 cont'd.

                     h) bedrock

                      i) 15-20 ft; coarse sand with cobbles at toe

                                                          .213

                                                                                                                Profile 12-1
                        180-
                                                                                                                    ft. to 5 ft. deg.'.'

                        160-

                                                                                                 SF=0.930

                             X

                               s
                        120-              seep

                                 s
                        100--                    seep

                        so-
                                        sq                                                              /slump block
                     LLI 60-
                     LLJ
                     LL

                        20-                               5

                             I
                                                       @O    1@0    120    1@0    160    180    26     220    240            -1
                                 @O            @D                                                                    260    280
                        200-

                                                                                                                Profile 12-2
                        180-
                                                                                                                    f It. to 5 f t. dept h.

                        160-
                                                                                                                            AIBM-
                        140-                                                SF=1.072

                             A
                        120-                                                            A-B     partly vegetated

                        100-

                        so - - - - - - - - -

                     LLI
                     LLj 60-
                     LL

                        40-

                        20-

                                                                                B
                                            -p

                                               Sseep

                                                                                  @O     1@0                    0    2@O    280
                                 26     40     60     80     100    120   11@0    1             @260   220     24
                                                                             CY

                                                                 214

                                                                                                                       Profit(- il-I

                               180-
                                                                                                                           ft. to5ft.dep.

                               160-

                               140-

                               120-

                                                                           SF=0.947
                               100-

                                                                                                  A-B    crest, 0% vegetation
                               so
                                                                                                  C-D    301,; vegetation

                            W  60-
                            W
                            LL             so
                               40-                        -seep

                                                                 C
                               20-
                                                                        D          flowed sand
                                                             -T- - v         I    - I      I      I      1     -1      1      1      1
                                          20    @O     66      60    100   120     140    160    180    200    220   240     260   28G
                               200-

                                                                                                                       Profile

                               )so-
                                                                                                                           f t.to 5 f t.dept!

                               160-

                               )40-

                               120-

                               100-

                               go-

                            W
                            W  60-
                            LL

                               40-

                               20-
                                           So
                                                                 p

                                                                 C

                                          20    46     60      80    100    120   140    16'0    11@0   26o   21o     240   2@O    2'80

                                            F E E T

                                         rp
                                                  w

             tr

                      fA

                                                         STZ

                                                 216

                                        Section 7/6, T50N, 97W

                        This section is,located a mile west of Herbster. The bluff height

                  rises from 120 ft. at the western end to 170-180 ft., which is the bluff

                  height of most of the western half of the section. As the shoreline bends

                  northward, the bluff height decreases to 70 ft., which is the bluff height

                  for the eastern half of the section. The higher bluff is composed almost

                  ent irely of sand with a thin discontinuous cap of clay loam. Bedrock occurs

                  occasionally at the toe. Bedrock comprises. the.lower half of the 70 ft.

                  bluff with sand making up the rest. At the very eastern end the bluff is

                  composed of clay loam over silt loam over sand. Most of the failure is

                  by rilling and gulleying with some shallow sliding. The bluff is moderately

                  to well vegetated. In the western end of the section, the beach alternates

                  between 15-20 ft. of coarse sand and bedrock outcrops. The beach of the

                  eastern half of the section is.all bedrock.except the very eastern end which

                  is 45-60.ft. of coarse sand and granules.

                                           217

                            SEC7/6 150N R7W

                                                      SAFETY rACTOR
                                                        A-loss thaii 1.00
                                                        B-1.00 to 1.25
                                                        C-greater than 1.25

                                                      CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                                        A-boreholes
                                                          (high confidence)
                                                        B-near boreholes
                                                          stratigraphy visible
                                                        C-po stratigraphy
                                                          visible (low
                                                          confidence)

                                 7ATut
                                           ON
                                        V

                                                                          Nor

                                           0 in

                                                                          Lr

                                                        218

                                               Sec. 7/6, T 50 N, R 7 W

                    B.1 uf f:

                        a)  180 ft dropping to 100 after northward bend; sand with gravel lenses;
                            rilling and gulleying; vegetation as little as 0-10%; half to two-
                            thirds i.s 70-90% tall birch and cedar with undergrowth

                        b)  100 then 70 ft after eastward bend; sand and gravel over bedrock
                            the latter is 1/2 of bluff height; there are watercourses graded
                            to rock lip;occasi.onal fai-lure by block fall; vegetation 100%
                            birch, cedar, fir, alder alonj Eke top o@ �ke btLJN.
                        c)  70 ft; bedded sands and silts; shallow sliding and gulleying;
                            40-70% vegetated; clumps moving downslope, birch and alder

                     Toe:

                        a)  15-18 ft bedrock

                        b.) sa ndiprotected

                        c)  15-18 ft bedrock

                        d)  sandjp@otected

                        e)  sandipoorly protected

                        f)  4-40 ft bedrock

                        g)  sand;protected

                     Beach:

                        a)  bedrock

                        b)  15-20 ft; coarse sand wi.th occasional cobbles and pebbles

                        c)  b.edrock

                        d)  20-25 ft; coarse  sand

                        e)  1-2 ft; cobbles and boulders; bedrock just underwater

                        f)  bedrock

                        g)  45-60 ft; coarse sand, pebbles at shore, granules in swash zone

                                                   219

                     k

                                                                              SF=1.0,19,,               Profile 7/6-1
                    180-A
                                                                                                            ft. to 5 ft. de@,,

                        r S
                    160-

                    140-

                    120-

                                                                                   A-S 0-1(r- vpqetation
                                                                                   R-C 40-5015 w-getAtion
                    100-                         Ft     ri 1 led
                    so-                                  /Seep

                 w  60-
                 LL

                                                                                   c
                    20-                     s

                             26    46     60     so    100   120     140   160    1@0    200   220    24'0  260    280
                    200-

                                                                                                       Profile 7/6-2

                    180-
                                                                                                           ft.to 5 ft.depth

                    160-

                    140-

                    120-                                                          some vegetation   at toe

                    100-

                                                  SF=0.966
                    go-
                         s

                 w
                 Ljj 60- r.

                    40-

                    20-
                                     - 7:7-e p

                                                                                              220    240    2;0   2@O
                            20     40     60    80     100   120    140    160   180    200
                                                                  97 1= 9: T

                                     F E E T

                                                  co
                                                  a

                                             LA

       rn

               Lt.

                                                  221

                                                 Reach 5

                        Reach 5 extends from a sandstone outcrop one mile west of the Village

                  of Herbster along 7 miles of shoreline to the mouth of Bark River. This

                  reach includes Sections 6, 5, 4 and 1 of Township 50 North, Range 7 West

                  and Sections 33, 34, 27, 26, 23, 24, 25, 36, and 36 of Township 51 North,

                  Range 7 West in Bayfield County. The morphology of the shoreline is very

                  similar to that of Reach 3. The bluff at the western end of the reach is

                  70 feet in height and decreases in height toward "he Cranberry River at

                  which point a low, sandy spit is present. East of the river, the bluffline

                  rises to an elevation in excess of 150 feet halfway between Herbster and

                  Bark Point. Bluff heights then decrease from this maximum to 15 feet along

                  thelneck of Bark Point. The high bluff areas are composed largely of sand

                  and gravel with a thin veneer of clay-loam near the bluff top. The low

                  bluffs near Herbster and Bark Point are primarily composed*of clay-loam

                  overlying a sandy-loam. Precambrian sandstone bedrock is present at the

                  tip of Bark Point.

                        Beaches vary  greatly in width and composition throughout the reach.

                  At the mouth of the  Cranberry River in Herbster, a sandy beach in excess

                  of 50 feet is present while along the bedrock shorelines no beach exists.

                  Most of the shoreline has a very narrow beach, often less than 10 feet

                  wide, composed of gravel to cobble-sized clasts. The spit and beach at

                  the mouth of Bark River are also wider than 50 ft.

                         Erosion is a serious problem along much of this shoreline. In the

                  Village of  Herbster, the low clay bluff is being eroded at a rate of 1 to

                  2.feet per  year. A section of the road along the water front has recently

                  been relocated, and sever al other portions of the road are presently

                  being threatened. The high bluffs east of Herbster ate eroding at

                                                  222

                   approximately the same rate as the low bluff. To date, bluff erosion

                   has not.caused serious problems since very little development has

                   occurred along the bluff  edge. However, severe surfac e water erosion

                   in the form of gullying  is threatening both homes and roads. Sand and

                   gravel, the principal bluff constituents, are extremely susceptible to

                   stream erosion. Because the clay loam which is found near the surface

                  ,has very low permeability, erosion from surface water runoff remains a

                   continual problem. In addition, some land development activities have

                   served to heighten erosion potential along high blufflines. The combination

                   of rapid runoff, a steep gradient to the lake, the erodibility of the sand

                   and gravel, and man's activities have produced dramatic problems. For

                   example, along the Bark Point Road, severalvery large gullies, some

                   threatening the road have developed as a result of surface water channeliza-

                   tion.

                         Ekcept'in the Village of Herbster where the Town of Clover maintains

                   a lake front park and the mouth of the Cranberry River which is  owned by

                   the State of Wisconsin, the shoreline is under private ownership.; This

                   reach of shoreline is moderately well developed. Seasonal and year-round

                   homes are numerous from Herbster to Bark River. Only two shore protection

                   structures are present: a non-functionaltimber jetty at the mouth of the

                   Cranberry River and a timber pier groin which is in excellent condition

                   in front of-a resort in the Village of Herbster.

                                                 223

                                            Section.8/5, T50N, R7W

                         This section is located at the town of Herbster and is bisected

                   by the Cranberry River. The bluff is 55-60 ft. high at the western end

                   of the section and becomes steadily lower eastward until it is replaced

                   by a beach ridge, which extends to the eastern end of the section. The

                   bluff is composed primarily of sand and has a thin capping of clay loam.

                   The western end of the bluff is well-vegetated and fails by dry flows and

                   gulleying. The lower bluffs (less than 25 ft.) are less vegetated and shallow

                   slides occur frequently. The beach is uniformly 20-30 ft. wide and is

                   composed of coarse sand and granules, probably derived from the bluff.

                   The beach to the east of the Cranberry River is heavily used by the resi-

                   dents of Herbster and tourists.

                                                       224

                                    SEC 8/5 T50 N R 7 W

                                       SAFETY FACTOR
                                         A-less tftan 1_00
                                         B-1.00 to 1.2S
                                          C-greater than 1.2S

                                        CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                         @-@or@ehole@s
                                            (high confidence)
                                          B-near boreholes
                                            stratigraphy visible
                                          C-no stratigraphy
                                            visible (low
                                            confidence)

                                                                                             0 C13

                                                                 '0 C13

                                                    0 N

                                                                  Go
                                                    C%

                                                                   .op

                                                     225

                                     Sec. 8/5, T 50 N, R 7 W

                    Bluff:

                       a) 55-60 ft height drops to 30-35 at east end; sand, some clayey sand;
                          gulleying and flowing; 80-100% vegetated birch, alder, cedar

                       b) 25-30 ft - dropping to 0 ft eastward; clayey sand over sand; shallow
                          sliding; 20% vegetated

                       c) absent

                   Toe:

                       a) protected sand

                       b) protected clayey sand

                       c) absent; or beach sands as ridge; xxxxrip-rap

                    Beach:

                       a) 20-30 ft; coarse sand; pebbles at shore, granules in swash zone

                                                                                        226

                                            120-                                                                                                                  Profile 8/!5-1

                                            100-                                                                                                                       ft. to 5 f tdepth

                                            so-

                                        w
                                        W   60-
                                        LL                         SF-0.956                                                          A-H        O@@ veoptatinn
                                            40 -                                                                                     B-C        grass
                                                        s
                                                        r

                                                   x
                                            20-

                                                        s

                                                         20        40       60        s6       1 oo    12'o      14'0      160       180     200       220       240      260      280

                                            120-                                                                                                                  Profile 8/5 -2

                                            100-                                                                                                                        ft. to5ft-deptl

                                            so-

                                        F-
                                        w   60-
                                        w
                                        U-

                                            40-
                                                              SF*=3.8                                                                A-Ti       1005r vegetation

                                            20-
                                                                          spit
                                                                   A               IR

                                                                                                                                                                            f
                                                         26        46       @O        80       100     120       140       11@0      1@0      200      220       240      260      280

                                            120-                                                                                                                  Profile 8/5-3

                                            100-                                                                                                                        ft.to 5 ft.depth

                                            so-

                                        w
                                        W   60-
                                        LL    -
                                            40-                                                                                      A-R      1000-" vegetation
                                                               SFO-2.1                                                               R-C        9011@ veqetation

                                            20-     road

                                                        P
                                                      ` S
                                                                                                                                                I        T
                                                         26        4'0      @O        80       100      120      14'0      1@0       18,0     200      220       2@O     260       280
                                                                                                               FEET

                                                           F E E T

                               0

          rn                                                                                                       z

                                 CPANBFRPY PIVFP                                                                   6D
                                                                                                                   Z7.
                         Ll

                                                                          L Z Z

                                                 228

                                            Section 4/33, T50/51N, R7W

                         The western end of this section represents the eastern limits of the

                   Village of Herbster, Wisconsin. The bulk of the material in the bluff is

                   made up of.sand with gravel. The coarseness of this material varies along

                   the shoreline. At the top of the bluffs lies a persistant red clay

                   to clay loam unit. Translocation of clays from this unit has produced a

                   clayey sand unit immediately below-the upper capping unit. Towards the

                   middle of the section, a brown silt-rich, till-like material occurs for

                   a couple tenths of a mile in the bluff. The bluff height is greatest

                   towards the middle of the section where it is 50 ft. The.bluff drops

                   steadily to 25 ft. at.the eastern end. At the western end, the bluff is

                   absent for 1/4 mile. Here, a sand berm, which has been rip-rapped, protects

                   a local roal from wave attack. Vegetation is up to 10.0% and consists of

                   birch, pine and shrubs. Where vegetation is more patchy, rilling and gulleying

                   is eroded the exposed material. The beach is cobbly and narrow throughout

                   and does not serve to protect the bluff toe from wave attack during intense

                   storms. Homesites occur continually along the bluff and a few include

                   access to the beach by stairs. Most use is limited to the easily accessible.,

                   sandy beach which lies at the western end of the section. Here the presence

                   of the town of Herbster, a camping area, and a small resort encourage use

                   of the beach

                                                    229

                                                                                                               7

                                                                                  Sol
                                  SEC4/33 T51/50 R7W                    V             11nig

                         B-1.00 to 1.2s
                         C-agreater than 1-25

                      CONFIDENCE LEVFL
                         A-borehoIUS
                           (high confi(lence)
                         B-near boreholes
                                     Ily visible
                           strati,-,rL'P
                         C-no stratigraphY
                           visible Clotq
                           confidence)

                                                       0

                                           u

                                                      230

                                          Sec. 4/33, T 50/51 N, R 7 W

                    Bluff:

                        a) no bluff; small rip-rapped 2-4' rise behind beach, vegetation
                           with grass and shrubs

                        b) bluff rises eastward to 40-ft, 100% birches and pines with shrubs
                           in clay over clayey sand over sand and gravel, occasional shallow
                           slides, brown sandy silt occurs at toe over limited beach

                        c) 25-.35' bluff in sandy clay (5-8') over sand with gravel; 80%
                           vegetated, trees; eroding by slope wash and occasional shallow flows

                    Toe:

                        a) no bluff, occasional rip-rap; protected

                        b) vegetated, protected

                        c) vegetated, protected   some talus cones of swamped debris

                    Beach:

                        a) 20' wide; sandy with   occasional culvert; two piers

                        b) 15' wide; cobbles and   pebbles with scattered boulders,

                        c) 5' wide; cobbles of scattered boulders

                        d) 10-20  wide; cobbles and pebbles; occasional boulders

                                                         231

                         120-                                                                                Profile 4/3.3-1

                         100-                                                                                   ft. to 5 ft. clopth

                         so-

                      W
                      W  60-
                      LL

                         40-

                         20-

                                    -rap
                                  20     46     60    80    100     120  140    1610   180   200    220    240   260    280

                         120-                                                                                Profile 4/33-2

                         100-                                                                                   ft. to5ft.deptl,

                         so-

                                                    SFmO.987
                      W  60-
                      W
                      LL        rc                                                      30@7 veaptation at toe of slope;
                                                                                             elsewhere unvegetated
                         40-                  -shallow slides
                                rc                       and rilling

                                  sg          sand flow

                                  20            66    196   100     120   140   160    180    2@O   2@O    24'0   26'0  28'0

                         120-                                                                                Prof i le 4/33-3

                         100-                                                                                   ft.to, 5 ft.depth

                         so-

                                                 SF=1.140
                      W
                      Lj 60-                                                      60Y> vegetation at      toe; elsewhere
                      LL        rc                                                           unvegetated
                         40-<@
                             rc             :.-rillino w/small slides

                         20-     s
                                               -sh

                                                nd

                                  20     40     60    80    1@0     12'0 140    160    180    200   22'0   24'0  2@O    2@O
                                                                        FEET

                                                          232

                             120-                                                                        Profile 4/3.1-4

                             100-                                                                            ft. to 5 fdepth

                             80-

                          LLI
                             60 -
                          LL

                             40-           SF-0.96
                                                                                       05' vegetation

                             20-
                                 s   a
                                             fan

                                     20     40   60    86     o'O  1210  140    160   180   200   220   240   260   2W

                             .120-                                                                        Prof He

                             too-                                                                            ft. to 5 It depth

                             so-

                          LU 60-
                          w
                          U-

                             40-

                             20-.

                                                        80   100   120    140   160   180                           280
                                     26     46   66                                         2;0   2@O   240   2@O

                             120-
                                                                                                         Prof i le

                             100-                                                                            ft.to 5 ft.depth

                             so-

                          LIJ
                          LL, 60-
                          LL

                             40-

                             20"
                                 S

                                     20     40    60   80    100    120  140    11@0  180  .200   220   240   2@O   28'0
                                                                        F E E T

                                                                                                                          F E E T

                                                                                           co                                                                         co              C@
                                                                                                                                                                      C>              C>             C3,            40

                rro
                r"
                -4

                                                  ti
                                                 10
                                                  n

                                                                                                                                                               UZ

                                                  234

                                              Borehole Site 5

                         Borehole Site 5 is located  half-way.between the Village of Herbster and

                   Bark Point  in Reach 5. This study area begins 1.2 miles east of the Village of

                   Herbster and includes 2.0 miles of shoreline in Sections 33, 34,and 27 of

                   Township 51 north, Range 7 west in Bayfield County. The shoreline is composed

                   of bluffs which generally increase in height from 25 feet in the southwest to

                   85 feet in the northeast. Beaches fronting these bluffs are.10 to 30 feet wide

                   and composed of cobbles. Some isolated "pocket" sand beaches are also found in

                   Reach 5.

                         Bluff composition is similar to that of Site 4, mostly well sorted sand and

                   gravel. Sand'As well compacted and obtain slope angles in excess of 50' in many

                   l6cations. Red-brown clay-loam is found overlying the sand discontinuously.

                   In Profile 6, a stony silt-loam unit is exposed at the toe of the bluff.

                   Sandstone is exposed at one location between Profiles 6 and 7 in Section 27.

                         Erosion along this coast occurs as the result of direct wave attack on

                   the bluff toe. These slopes fail by translational slides and flows.

                   A second form of coastal erosion at this site is gullying. Numerous ravines

                   dissect the bluff face and are actively being enlarged by @surface water

                   drainage. One gully north of Profile 4 is being enlarged at a rapid rate as

                   the result of land management practices. A roadside ditch is channeling

                   large volumes of storm water into the gully which, in turn, erodes bluff soils.

                  .Without some corrective measures, the road may become endangered over the

                   next three years.

                                                            235

                                                                                               d   6

                                                                                                        4
                                                                                             c            3

                                                                                                            2

                                                                      b
                                                                                       In

                                                                        b

                                                                            kn
                                                                                                  S F=         SF= 1. 11

                                                                                       SF=0.99
                                                                                                               1z

                                                                                  SF= 0:9

                                                   Q
                                                                    A

                                                     0

                                                                    SF=1.00

                                                     0

                                                                                                   700
                                                                  SFzo.91
                                                                       IN

                                                                                      1550

                                                     SF=0.94

                                                                                                              -t- AL

                                                                  T .51 N
                                                                  tr 50 N il

                                SAFETY FACTOR (SF)                                    6 BEACH
                                   A - I e S s--t h a n -1 , UD
                                   B-1.00 to 1.25                                     5 TOE
                                   C-greater than   1.25                              4 BLUFF
                                C014FIDENCE LEVEL                                     3 STABILITY LINE
                                   ,4-at borehoFe-s                                   2 CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                     (high confidence)
                                   3-near bor-eholes'with                               SAFETY FACTOR
                                     stratigraphy visible
                                   C-no stratigragby.
                                     visible (low                          APPROXIMATE SCALE
                                     confidence)                           1 inch     1500 feet

                                                      236

                                                Borehole Site 5

                     Bluff-

                           a) 25% to 40% vegetated with shallow slumping, translational slides,
                              and seeps present.

                           b) Steep slopes greater than 450; zero vegetation, translational
                              slides, and gullying present.

                           c) 50% vegetation generally   near gullies; translational slides,
                              gullying, and seeps present.

                    Toe:

                           a) Covered with debris from slope    failure.

                           b) Steep faced wave cuts exposing   bluff material.

                           c) Covered with  debris from slope   failure.

                     Beach:

                           a) 10 to 20 feet, cobbles and boulders, wider near gullies.

                           b) 20 to 30 feet, sand and gravel.

                                                                237

                                                                                               T.51 N..R 7 W-SEC33/34

                                  50 -
                                                                                                       PROFILE I

                                  40 -                                                                 0% vegetation

                              Lu  30
                              w
                              U-
                                                       0.94

                                  20 -
                                       L
                                        .id.y,s

                                                          seeps
                                                    s
                                                                       beach     cobbles

                                             0            20            40             60,           80           100

                                  50
                                                                                                       PROFILE 2
                                  40-                              SFz 0.91                            0% vegetation

                              U.J 30 - si,c
                              w
                              U-

                                  20-
                                       bd,y.s/g,s

                                                                            beach     cobbles/boulders

                                             0            20            40             60            80           100

                                  50-
                                                                                                       PROFILE 3
                                  40-                                                                  0% vegetation
                                                                        SFz 1.00

                              *Ltj 30-
                              LL
                                              's

                                  2r

                                  10-

                                                                         beach    cobbles/ bou Id ers
                                             0            20            .40            60            810          100
                                             y
                                                    r

                                            's
                                                    ss e @ep s

                                                                   SFz 0-91

                                       s ic
                                     ,\bdy @s/gs

                                                              238

                                        go -                                                        T.-51 N.,R 7 W.,SLC 27

                                        80 -                                                                        4
                                        70-                                                               0% vegetation

                                               Six                           SF= 0.93

                                        60

                                              bd,p,s
                                     LU 50
                                     U-

                                        40
                                                 S?g

                                        30-

                                        26 -
                                                   bd,p,s

                                        10-

                                                                                             beach   cobbles/boulders

                                                   0           20            40           60            80            100

                                        90

                                        80.-                                                              PROFILE 5

                                                                                                         0% vegetation

                                        70-

                                        60-

                                                                                 SF= 0.99
                                     W  50-
                                     LU      Six
                                     U-

                                        40-

                                        30
                                             bd.Y,S/si

                                        20-

                                        10-

                                                                                     beach - cobbles/boulders

                                                   0-          20           40            60            80           100

                                                                       239

                                               90                                                               T.51N.,R 7 W.,SE.C27

                                               80-                                                                     PROFILE 6

                                                                                                                       0% veqetation

                                               60-

                                               50-

                                                                         SF=1.55
                                               40
                                               30- A.Y's        seeps
                                               2 \0
                                                        p,sf

                                               10-

                                                                                              beach    cobbles
                                                                                                I       %      I       1      1.     T_
                                                         o              20             40             60              80             100

                                               so-

                                               0-     p.s                                                              PROFILE 7
                                                                                                                       0% vegetation

                                               7           s

                                                                                   SF= 1.11
                                               60-       bd.p@s

                                          ul   50--                             seeps
                                          uj
                                                   -                   si,c-

                                               40-

                                                                                 S
                                               30-

                                               20-

                                               10-

                                                                                                                              beach -rand

                                                         0              20             40             so              80             100
                                               7 @O-

                          r"3      C) C:) kD   ':3 CO    J C7% C7% VI Lrl A@ r@ L.3 E.J N3 f@)            CD
                          CD Ln    (@n C:) Ln       L@    ._n CZ) L" C@ Lrj CD L, C:) Ln Lrj C:) LrI      C+ _0

                                                                                                          C)

                                                                                                          C)0       C)
                                                                                                          wX
                                                                                                          C)

                                                                                                          C>
                                                                                                          =3
                                                                                                          Ln C+
                                                                                                          C@l-      Ln                                         W,
                                                                                                                    :z

                                                                                                                    ;10
                                                                                                          C) C+

                                                                                                          co 4A
                                                                                                          C) -V
                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                          Lo
                                                                                                          C)

                                                                                                                    -4
                                                                                                          CD

                                                                                                          -0
                                                                                                          I.- rD

                                                                                                          to C+ 0

                                                                                                          0 a7r
                                                                                                          4@- @ a(D
                                                                                                          rl,)rD c+
                                                                                                          Ln C+
                                                                                                          CD            (D

                                                                              C)    Ln r%@. C_n

                                                                                                          to
                                                                                                          CK
                                                                                                                        CD
                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                          23

                                                                              rQ    r1a  rQ  r1a          Q. r)
                                                                              C)    C)   C)  C)
                                                                                                          r+ aj

                                                                                             Lo           M
                                                                              C)    C)   C:) 00           Lo lc;k

                                                                                                          rD

                                                                                                          to
                                                                              C)    C) C:) C@

                                                                                 0     Qj  0    ol
                                                                 m                  ;@ =5  .    =         CD
                                                                 C)                 l< P-  f.5L           ILnD
                                                                 co                 -  -1  - -%           0
                                                                                    LA M   r+l  CD        -3
                                                                                    C@
                                                                 Ln                    L-o @.,, j,'
                                                                                                cr
                                                                 C)              0     --1
                                                                                 0- C. :3  L/)  =3
                                                                                 cr        -V

                                                                                 rD

                                                                                       0 17 z

                                                 241

                                    Section 34/27, T51N, RN

                        This section lies alcng the western side and forming the base of Bark

                   Point. Herbster lies just one mile to the west. The bluff materials are

                   made up of predominately sand with gravel. At the top of the bluff, a

                   sandy clay to clayey sand unit occurs throughout the section. The sand

                   in places is poorly sorted and contains enough clay that when dry, forms

                   nearly vertical cliffs. Eros.ion occurs in these reaches primarily by slope

                   wash. Elsewhere, sand anddebris flows, block falls, and/or rilling occurs.

                   The bluff rises evenly from 25 ft. at its western end to 60 ft. near the

                   eastern end. At the eastern section line, the bluff top rises sharply to

                   nearly 120 ft. 'The bluff is 80-100% vegetated except for occasional exposures

                   and the stretch towards the western end of nearly vertical cliffs. The beach

                   is.narrow and cobbly and does not protect the toe of the bluff during intense

                   storms. Bedrock is exposed in a very limited expo sure toward the eastern end.

                   The bluff top is partially developed with occasional small cottages or

                   farm buildings. Access to the beach is poor and-evidence suggests that

                   it is used seldom.

                                                    242

                                   SEC 34/27 T51N R7W

                                      SAFFTY FACTOR
                                      --@@--less than 1.00
                                        B-1.00 to 1.25
                                        C-greater than 1.25

                                      CONFIDENCE LEVEL
                                        A-boreholes
                                          (high confidence)
                                        B-near bareholes
                                          stratigraphy visible
                                        C-no strati-raphy
                                          visible (low                                           NXS
                                          confidence)
                                                                                1-0

                                                                                    cc
                                                                                    0
                                                                                    0

                                                                                    Lr

                                             0

                                             0

                                                      243

                                             Sec. 34/27, T 51 N, R 7 W

                     Bluff:

                        a) 25-40' high bluff; red clayey sand with clay on top and occasional
                           clean sand beds throughout; 60-80% in birch and shrubs; occasional
                           shallow slides

                        b) steep (45'-90') slopes in hard dry poorly sorted sand; eroded by
                           slope wash, occasional debris flow, and block falls; usually 3-4,
                           of sandy clay at top with overhanging poor bound crest.
                           Farther east, seep failures occur; 40-50' high

                        c) steep high bluff in sand and clayey sand; sandy clay occasionally
                           at crest; 60' high; Densely vegetated on scarp and in ravines but
                           no vegetation on scarp faces; shallow sand flows and rilling

                   Toe:

                        a) occasiona.1 unprotected toe; well vegetated occasional with small
                           fans of slumped material

                        b) sand-talus and flow fans; protected and sparsely vegetated

                        c) too occasionally unprotected; flow fans

                    Beach:

                        a) 0-5 ft wide; sand over cobbles; numerous slumped trees; occasionally
                           absent

                        b) 10-20 ft; cobbles with sand and scattered boulders

                        C) .3-10 ft; variable, sandy and cobbly; numerous fallen trees

                                                                   244

                                120-                                                                                     Profile 34/27-1

                                                                                                                             ft. to 5 ft - dopth
                                100-

                                80-

                             LIJ
                             LLJ 60-                    SF-0.913                                        %cgetat.ioll
                             LL

                                40-
                                            rcs
                                                    "r i I led
                                20-
                                        s n             fan

                                          20     40     60     80     100    120    140    160    180    200      220   240    260    2@O

                                120-                                                                                     Profile 34/27-2

                                                                                                                              ft. to5ft-dePth
                                100-

                                so-                            SFWO.p96

                             LIJ 60-                                                               0% vegetation
                             W

                                      s
                                40---         r i I led

                                20-     S W/g

                                          26     4      66     80     100    120    140    .160   180    200      220  240     2@O    280

                                120-                                                                                     Profile 34/27-3

                                                                                                                             ft.to 5 ft.depth
                                100-

                                so-                            Spul.008

                             uj
                             Uj 60-
                                    I ". rcs                                                        M.venetation
                             U-
                                                           rilled w/shallow flows
                                40-
                                      S  W/d

                                20-
                                                               f Pkn
                                         W/

                                                                  n

                                          26     46     66     80     100    120    140    1@0    1. @O  260     22'0  240    260     280
                                                                                  FEET

                       t 51 N., R. 7 W,Sec.34127

           240-

           220-

           200-

           180-

           160-

           140 -

          ui
           120

           100

           80

                         2     3

           60
                     1-7@ cs  rcs

           40-
                  @C-
                         s    tw/g
           20-    sq     W/g
                              s

               0  1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
                       F E E T

                                                 246

                                         Section 26. T51N, R7W

                                           (Northeast-facing)

                        This section is located at the base of Bark Point, approximately

                   3 miles from Herbster. The bluff is 125 ft. high at the western end of

                   the section, rises to 140 ft., and then decreases steadily to around 10-15

                   ft. The higher bluffs are composed mostly of sand, with some silty layers,

                   capped by a thin clay loam. A stony silt loam is exposed at the toe at

                   the western end of the section. These higher bluffs are moderately to well

                   vegetated with mature alder, birch, fir, and cedar. Failure is largely shallow

                   slides with some rilling and gulleying. The low bluffs are composed of

                   clay loam over a discontinuous laminated clay over sandyloam. The bluff

                   face is fairly steep and fails in shallow slides and flows. The beach is

                   15-25 ft. wide at the western end and is composed of coarse sand, probably

                   derived from the bluff. Eastward, the beach thins becomes more cobbly and

                   eventually pinches out. There are a number of cottages on top of the higher

                   bluffs but the beach appears to be seldom used.

                                                      247

                                  SEC 26 T 51 N     R7W

                                                                                                   Ob.

                                       SAFETY FACTOR
                                       --K--less than I.UU
                                                                                                   0
                                          B-1.00 to 1.25
                                          C-greater than 1.25
                                        CONFIDENCE LEVEL                                           VO
                                          A-boreholes
                                            (high confidence)
                                          B-near boreholes
                                            stratigraphy visible
                                          ,C-no stratigraphy                             0
                                            visible (10W
                                            confidence)

                                                                     in

                                                                       in
                                                                       C@
                                                                       m
                                              0
                                            N kn

                                            C;
                                            N r-4

                                                      248

                                   Section 26/23, T 51 N, R 7 W northwest-facing shoreline

                     Bluff:

                        a)  125-140 ft. falling to'100 ft "eastward"; some shallow slump and
                            surface flows, rilling and gulleying; vegetation - usually 90-100%
                            alder fir and cedar; where failing, 0-20%; loose sand over silt
                            loam

                        b)  100 ft. falling to 15 ft steadily; shallow slides and surface
                            flows and gulleying; vegetation usually 40-50% alder,,birch, fir
                            and cedar; often 1-00% or 0%; clay loam over sand

                        c)  15-10 ft. even height; shallow slides; vegetation 30-40% as above;
                            clay loam over discontinuous laminated clay over loamy sand

                    Toe:

                        a) protected sand or sandy clay; mostly in situ

                        b) unprotected clayey sand, in situ

                     BeaGh:

                        a)  15-25 ft; coarse sand, with pebbles at.water and cobbles at toe
                            occasionally

                        b)  15 ft cobbles and boulders   With coarse sand at water occasionally

                        c)  0-2,ft; cobbles and coarse   sand; mostly absent

                                                              249

                              A                             SFwO. 004
                          120-  s
                                                                                                                       Profile 26-1

                                    B

                          0
                          1 0-                                                                                             ft.lo5ft.depth,

                          so-

                      LLj              s
                      UJ  60-                                                                   A-B       M venetation
                      LL                                                                        B-C   1005". venetation
                                                                                                C-r,      5-10% vegetation
                                                                                                D-E     20@1 vec
                          40-                                                                                    )etation

                          20-                  sc

                                                   60     s6                            '0                                   6
                                    20     46                    100    120     140    16       111@0  2@O    220    240    2 0    2W

                          120-                                                                                         Profile 26-2

                          100-                                                                                             ft. to 5 ft. depth

                          so-                               SF=1.055

                      LLJ 60-                    z
                      LU                       X
                      U-      @\Isc \                                                           A-B     0% veget  ation
                          40-

                                    s

                          20-

                                                          80     100    120     140     160     180    200   220      2'
                                    210    @O      60                                                                  40   2@O    280

                          120-
                                                                                                                       Profile 26-3

                          100-                                                                                             ft.to 5 ft.depth

                          so-

                      LLJ
                      LLj 60-
                      U-

                          40-
                                                                                                A-B    I".. vegetation

                          20-                  SF*-1.14
                                                                             D
                                               sc

                                c

                                    @20    46      60     80     100     120   140     11@0     11@0   260   2@O     2@O    2@O    280
                                                                              FEET

                                     F E E T

                                                  co  0
                            00
                                                  a   C>   0   0

                                                                        LA

        ca
        40

        K:1
            "I', F()w

                                               Osz

                                                 251

                                         Section 24/25, T51N, R7W

                         This section forms the bulk of Bark Point. The bluff ranges from

                   10-15 ft. to as high as 30 ft. with the greater heights occurring around

                   the tip of the point. The lower bluffs along either side of the point are

                   composed of clay over clayey sand; around the end of the point, bedrock

                   rises to form the toe of the bluff. The bluff face is typically steep

                   and failure is by rill-wash and shallow sliding. The beach ranges from  5

                   to 20 ft. in width and is often interrupted by'slide debris. The beach  is

                   composed predominately of cobbles, with some boulders and a coarse sand

                   matrix. One landowner has constructed some wooden cribs and a concrete

                   retaining wall in an attempt to forestall the erosion of his property.

                   This is one of the more densely developed areas on the western side of the

                   Bayfield Peninsula

                                                        252

                           SEC 25/24 T51 N   R7W

                                                                                                           V

                                                                                     W

                      SAFETY FACTOR
                        A-less than 1.00
                        B-1.00 to 1,25
      0                 C-greater than 1.25

                            )EINCE LFVErI
                      CONFIF

                           (high confiderice)
                        i3-near bareholes
                           strati.-raphy visible
                        C-no stratigraphy
                           visible (low
                           confidence)

                                                      253

                              'Sec. 24/25, T 51 N, R 7 W

                    Bluff:

                        a) 10-15 ft rising northeastward to 20-25 ft; shallow slides of bluff
                           top vegetation clumps, some rilling; 30-50% vegetation, clumps of
                           birch, alder and fir, or horsetails; clay with sand over laminated
                           clay over clayey stony sand and occasionally over loamy stony sand

                        b) 20-25 ft; blockfall, some shallow sliding off crest; 0% vegetation;
                           mostly bedrock; 2-4 ft. of clayey stony sand on top.

                        c) 15-20 ft; shallow sliding off bluff top, rilling;,20-30% cl.umps of
                           slumped birch, poplar; clay with sand over laminated clay over
                           clayey stony sand over bedrock toe

                        d) 20 ft rising to 30 southward; shallowing sliding, rilling in clay;
                           bedrock rises and consistuted up to 1/2 of bluff and upper clay
                           units may be absent

                        e) 30 ft falling to 15 ft southward; shallow slides off bluff top,
                           some rilling; 30-50% vegetation, birch, alder, and fir, or horsetails;
                           clay with sand over laminated clay over clayey stony sand

                        f) 10-15 ft; shallow sliding off crest; vegetation variable, mostly
                           10-20% slumped clumps, birch and poplar, occasional 100% meadow
                           grasses and vines; clay units over layey stony sand

                        g) 3-5 ft. little failure noted; 80-100% birch, poplar, fir, cedar

                   Toe:

                        a) mostly protected, slumped.clayey sand

                        b) bedrock

                        C) protected by rip-rap over clayey sand

                        d) bedrock

                        e) mostly protected, slumped clayey sand

                    Beach:

                        a.)5-15 ft cobbles with boulders; often interrupted by slide blocks

                        b) 10-20 ft coarse sand with cobbles

                        C) 5-15 ft cobbles with boulders; often interrupted by      slide blocks

                        d) bedrock - no beach

                        e) 5-15 ft cobbles with boulders; often interupted by      slide blocks

                                                  254

                   Con Vd.

                       f) bedrock- no beach

                       g) 5-15 ft cobbles with boulders; not as interupted by slide blocks

                       h) 10-20 ft coarse sand with cobbles and two conc reate and wood piers

                       i) 5-15 ft cobbles with boulders; less interupted by slide blocks

                       j) 10-20 ft coarse sand with cobbles and one pier at south end

                       k) 5-15 ft cobbles with a short portion cribbed with wood and less
                        . interupted by slide blocks

                       1) 10-20 ft coarse sand with two piers, a retaining wall between
                          and a wood crib at south end

                       M) 5-15 ft cobbles with boulders; less interrupted by slide blocks

                                                            255

                         120-                                                                                      Profile 24/25-1

                         100-                                                                                          ft.to5ft.depth

                         so-

                     LLJ
                     LLJ 60-
                     LL

                         40-
                                          SF*=o.p9                                           A-B     4(XI,'. vegetation

                         20-    A
                                   c

                               cs

                                   20     40      60    80      100   120     140    160     180   200     22 0    240   260     280

                         120-                                                                                      Prof He 24/2 5-2

                         100-                                                                                           ft. to5ft.deptii

                         so-

                     F-
                     LU  60-
                     Lij                  sr=0.91P
                     LL                                                                      A-B     00c' vegetation

                         40-                 FFmO.P78

                               c
                         20---

                               cs

                                cibr
                                   20     40      60    86      100   120     140
                                                                                     160     180   200    220     240    260     280

                         120-
                                                                                                                   Profile24/25-3

                         100-                                                                                          ft.to 5 ft.depth

                         so-

                     F-
                     LLJ
                     Uj  60-
                     U-

                         40-

                                           C'F*=0.6p
                         20-                                                                 A-R     100%, vegetation
                               C
                             C @%-r

                                   26     46      o!@   io      160                                                T
                                                                      120    140    11@0     11@0  2@O    2@O     240   2@O      2@O
                                                                           FEET

                                                                                                                   F E E T

                               aL.N

                                  cr-
                                  I

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         14

                  Lj

                  416

                  LA
                            I J)

                                                                                                                                                      9sz

                                                                                                                                                                                                  F E E T

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     w                      C>
                                                                                                       C3                                                                                                                                                                                                          C>

                                                             Cor-
                                          0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          rr,                  Ln
                                  rn                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                41
                                  m

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .CN.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          tj

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      LSZ

                                                  258

                                          Section 26, T51N RN

                                           (Southeast facing)

                         The section is located:at the base of Bark Point. There is bluff

                   present throughout, rising from less than 5 ft. at the northern end of the

                   section to 30-40 ft. at the southern end. Most of the  section has a 10-15

                   ft. bluff with a poorly vegetated, nearly vertical face. The bluff is

                   composed of clay overlying clay-sand overlying sand and gravel, @nd fails.by

                   shallow sliding or rill-wash. Most of the beach is 10-15 ft. wideand

                   composed of boulders and cobbles with a corase sand ma trix. At the southern

                   end of the section it narrousto a maximum of 5 ft. and is occasionally

                   interupted by slide debris.

                                                      259

                                  SEC 26 T51 N R7 W

                                 Frn' M CTOR
                                 A-less than 1.00
                                 B-1-00 to 1.25
                                 C-greater than 1.25

                               CONTIDENCE LEVEL
                                 A-boreho"e                     0
                                   (high confidence)
                                 B-near boreholes
                                   stratigraphy visible
                                 C-no stratigraphy
                                   Visible (low
                                   confidence)

                                                                                  04

                                                       260

                                   Section 26/23, T 51 N, R 7 W southeast-facing shoreline

                    Bluff:

                        a) < 5  ft; mostly well-graded and vegetated (100%) with poplar and birch
                           and  cedar; clayey sand

                        b) 10-15 ft rising to 25-30 ft southwest-ward; clay over clayey sand;
                           shallow sliding and rilling; 0-10% large trees fallen over

                        c) 30-40 ft; clay over sand over.clayey sand: occasional shallow
                           slides associated with seeps; vegetated mostly 100% birch, cedar,
                           poplar, fir: 0% on failures

                    Toe:

                        a) protected clayey sand

                        b) slum ped clayey sand or sand

                    Beach:

                        d) 10-15 ft;,cobbles with boulder and occasional coarse sand matrix

                        b) 0-5  ft; cobbles; interrupted by blocks from failures

                                                     261

                       120-                                                                            Profile 26-4

                       100-                                                                                ft.to5ft.depth

                       so-

                    LLJ
                    W  60-
                    LL

                       40-          Sc=0.972                                       A-P    100 r vegetation

                       20-

                            cs
                            s
                                20    40     66     s6   too   12'0   140   160    180   200    220   240   260   280
                       120-                                                                            Prof ile

                       100-                                                                                ft. to5ft-clopt!,

                       80-

                    w  60-

                    LL

                       40-

                       20-

                                26    @6     a6     so   1100  1210   1140  160    180   200   220    240   2@O   280

                       120-                                                                            Profile

                       100-                                                                                ft.to 5 ft.depth

                       so-

                    w
                    Uj 60-
                    U-

                       40-

                       20-
                           ss <-.-

                                20    40     60     so   100    120   140   11@0   11@0  260   220    240   2@O   280
                                                                    FEET

                                                                                                                              F E E T

                                                               3@                                                                                                           co              0                               a.
                                               0.              C.              0              0               C.             0               0                              C>              a               a               C@

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           01

                     pi
                     0                                                                                                                                                                                                                       LA               -4

                     CD,

                     CD

                                                                                                                                                                  z9z

                                                 263

                                       Section 35/36, T51N, R7W

                        The section is located at the eastern side of the base of Bark Point

                  and the southern end of Bark Bay. There is a 30-40 ft. bluff, composed of

                  clay overlying clayey sand, present for a short distance from the northern

                  end of the section. The bluff is well-vegetated with birch, poplar and

                  cedar, but some shallow-slide failures do occur. The bluff height drops

                  rather rapidly to nothing and is replaced by a beach ridge (backed by a

                  lagoon and marsh) that comprises 80% of the section shoreline. Where the

                  bluff is present there is a 5-10 ft. wide cobble beach. Elsewhere the beach

                  is 20-30 ft. wide and is composed of medium sand. There are a number of

                  small, summer cottages along the beach ridge but there is no access to this

                  area by road.

                                                     264

                                   SEC 35/36 T. 51.N R7W

                                  SAFETY FACTOR
                                    A-less than 1.00
                                    B-i.oo to 1.25
                                    C-greater than 1.25

                                  CONFIDE\TC,'F LEVEL
                                    A-boreholes
                                       (high confidence)
                                    B-near boreholes
                                       stratigraphy visible
                                    C-no straticrraphy
                                       visible (low
                                       confidence)

                                                                              0           cc

                                                                                          C,

                                                                  0 N

                                                   0 N

                                                                            V.

                                                              M

                                                              (L

                                                       265

                                              Sec. 35/36, T 51 N, R 7 W

                    Bluff:.

                         a) 30-40 ft.; clay, sand, clayey sand; occasional shallow sli.ding;
                            mostly 100% vegetated birch, poplar, cedar

                         b) falling to 0 ft; no failures; 100% vegetated

                         c) absent; beach ri-dge

                     Toe:

                         a) vegetated, b.irch, poplar, cedar

                         b) absent; beach ridge

                     Beach:

                         a) 5-10 ft; cobbles wi.th sand matrix

                         b) 20-30 ft; medium sand

                                                           266

                            120-                                                                           Prof i le 35 --1

                            100-                                                                               ft. to 5 ft. depth

                         LU
                         UJ 60-
                         U.

                            40-

                                                                                  100'/S Vegetation
                            20-
                                         SF*=3.8,,

                                      210  40     60    86    1@0   120   140    160   180   200    220   240   260   280

                            120-
                                                                                                            Prof ile35-2

                            100-                                                                               ft. to 5 ft. depth

                            80-

                         LU 60-
                         LLI
                         U-

                            40-

                            20-        SP*w3.4                                   100% Vegetation

                                      26   4      66    810   100   120    140   160   180    200   220   240   260 280

                            120-                                                                           Profile35-3

                            100-                                                                               f Uo 5 ft. depth

                            so-

                         LU

                         LL

                            40-
                                         SP*=5.7                               100% Vegetation

                            20-

                                     .26   @O     6@    iO    10'o  12'0  14'o   1@o   140   .20'0  220   24'0  2@0   280
                                                                         FEET

                                                                           T. 5 1 N., R. 7 W,So c.35136

                               240-

                               220-

                               200-

                               180-                                                                                                                                                          rQ

                               160-

                               140 -

                           uj
                           LU
                               120 -

                               100 -

                               80 -

                               60 -

                               40-

                                                                                            2             3                   1
                               20-
                                                                                            2             3

                                            0             1000            2000            3000           4000            5000
                                               C                              F E E T

                                                 268

                                           Section 1, T50N, RN

                         The section is located at the southern end of Bark.Bay. The mouth

                   of the Bark River is at the eastern end of the section. A moderately well-

                   vegetated beach ridge, backed by a marsh and laggon, extends throughout

                   the section. The beach itself is.20-30 ft. wide and is composed of medium

                   sand. There are a number of small summer cottages along the beach ridge, but

                   there is no access by road to this area.

                                                      269

                                   SECI T50N R7W

                                                                      SAFETY FACTOR
                                                                         A-less than 1.00
                                                                         B-1-00 to 1.25
                                                                         C-greater tharl 1.25

                                                                      CO,NFIDFi\TCE LEVE T,
                                                                         A-boreholes
                                                                           (high confidence)
                                                                         B-near boreholes
                                                                           stratiaraphy visible
                                                                         C-no stratigraphy
                                                                           visible (low
                                                                           confidence)

                                                                                    In
                                                                        r4          N

                                                                                           m M
                                                                                    Ln

                                                   270

                                           Sec. I   T 50 N, R 7 W

                    Bluff:

                        a) absent; beach ridge; 50-100% vegetated; maple, fir, pine, cedar,
                           birch, poplar, shrubs and gasses-and horsetails

                    Toe:

                        a) absent; beach ridge

                    Beach:

                        a) 20-30 ft; medium sand; some horsetails on backbeach

                                                        271

                        120-                                                                               Profile I --i

                        100-                                                                                  ft. to 5 f.t. depth

                        so-
                     l'-
                     LIJ
                     L-U 60-
                     LL

                        40-

                        20-                                                     017, Vegetation

                                                                                                           r
                                 20     40     60    so    100    120    140   160    180    200   220   240    260   280

                        t2O-                                                                               Profile 1 -2

                        100-                                                                                   ft. to5ft.depth

                        so-

                     w  60-
                     Lij
                     LL

                        40-

                        20-         f-F*=4.25                                  0%,Veoetation

                                 @0     @O     d@    80     100   120    140    *0    180     2W         240    260   280

                        120-                                                                               Profile 1-3

                        100-                                                                                   ft.to 5 ft.depth
                                                                                                                                @J

                        so-

                     w
                     LU 60-
                     LL

                        40-

                        20-
                                    SF*al.36                                    0% Vegetation

                                 20     40     60    80     100   120   140    1;0    11@0    260  22'0   24'0  2@O   280
                                                                       FEET

                                                               50 N., R. 7 W,so C. I

                           240-

                           220-

                           200-

                           180

                           160-

                           140

                        LU
                        LU
                           120

                           loo

                           80

                           60 -

                           40-

                           20                                                                   3

                                     0          1000        2000         31000       4000        5000
                                                               F E E T

                                                                                                                                                     0

                                                                                                                                                  t -

                                                                                                                                                     I

                                                                                                                                             Ambl., -

                                                                                                                                                i@-

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