[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






















                                                      OCTOBER 1994





















































                                                                               0





         Prepared by:
         park RQGQUrCOG Management Information System

         Department of Environmental Resources                                                            Harrisburg, PA 17105
         Bureau of State Parks
         Resources Management and Planning Division









                                               Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program

                                                   Analog and Digital Topographic Map
                                                                of

                                                      Presque Isle State Park



                                            DER Grant/Contract No. C21:92.02PS

                                                      Grant Task No. C21:92-

                                                          ME No. 91498

                                                          ME No. 91260



                         A Report of the Pennsylvania Department.of Environmental Resources

                                                       to the

                                               National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
        
                                                       Pursuant to

                                               NOAA Award No.








                   PENNSYLVANIA
                                                                              Funded and coordinated through
                                                                              Department of Environmental
                                                                              Resources, Office of Resources
                                                                              Management,Bureau of Resources
                                                                              Management, Division of Coastal
                                                                              Zone Management and the Erie
                                                                              Coastry Department of Planning.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                              



                 Project was financed in part through a Federal Coastal Zone Management Grant from the
                 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, with funds provided by the NOAA. The
                 views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or
                 any of its subagencies.
                                
                                                                                                  
                                                                                                       
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                              
                                   
                                     








                                            ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



           The Bureau of State Parks would like to acknowledge the success of the Presque Isle State Park
           Pilot GIS Project. This is the result of the generous efforts of many people from various
           agencies. The opportunity to work with a variety of accomplished staff made this project a
           rewarding experience and successful project.

           A special thanks goes to Donald Hosk ins, Christina Dodge, and Thomas Whitfield of the Bureau
           of Topographic and Geologic Survey for their assistance and coordination of the agreement with
           the U.S. Geologic Survey and producing products for use.

           Thanks to U.S. Geologic Survey Eastern Mapping Division for their assistance on developing the
           coverage and overall GIS program for Presque Isle State Park.

           Special acknow ledgement goes to Regis Crawford and the staff of the Bureau of Facility Design
           and Construction, for his help with establishing survey control points for use with the program.
           Also, with his help in determining GPS standards and methods to be used at Presque Isle State
           Park.

           Thanks goes out to James Ruff, Bureau of Forestry, for his advice and assistance with working
           with coverage and the computer system at the Department of Environmental Resources.

           Without the guidance and help of Craig Reed and Sally Holbert of Earth Information Services
           the project would not have progressed as quickly and had sufficient standards developed.
           Thanks for your patience and assistance on this project.

           Without the help of James Bissell, Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Eric Jesperson,
           Planned Dynamics Inc. the additional coverages that state parks wanted and didn't have the
           information could not have been developed.

           Cooperation is a must with any Geographic Information, Systemand without the information
           provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District, the Bureau of State Parks
           would not have historical shorelines to compare. Therefore a thanks goes out to the staff at
           Buf falo.









                                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS



                                                        Section                                                Page

            Acknowledge ments        ..............................................                                i

            Table of Contents        ..............................................                                ii

            List of Exhibits      .................................................                                iv

            Executive Summary        ..............................................                                1

            1.0 Introduction and Background Information           ...........................                      3

                 1.1    Purpose of Study      .....................                                                3
                 1.2    Historical Setting    ......................                                               3

                        1.2.1 History of Erosion of Presque Isle State Park         ...............                6

                 1.3    Natural Resources      .......................................                             6

                        1.3.1   Physiography     ......................................                            6
                        1.3.2   Geology    ..........................................                              7
                        1.3.3   Vegetation    .........................................                            8
                        1.3.4   Water     ..........................................                               9
                        1.3.5   Bolls   ............................................                               11
                        1.3.6   Minerals     .........................................                             13
                        1.3.7   Fish and Wildlife    ...............................                 o...   .      15
                        1.3.8   Species of Special Concern      ............................                       17

                 1.4    Recreation Facilities      ......................................                          19
                 1.5    Historical    .............................................                                21
                 1.6    Shoreline Processes      ...............       o  ......................                   24

                        1.6.1 Sand Spit Morphology        .................................                        24
                        1.6.2 Captured Dunes       .............................              o  .......           25
                        1.6.3 Shoreline Dynamics         .................................                         26

            2.0  Project Initiation    ... -     ......................................                            26

                 2.1    Geographic Information System        ..............................                        26
                 2.2    Meetings     ..............................................                                27
                 2.3    Agreements     ...  o o............                    .................                   27
                 2.4    Equipment     ..................                       ..........     o  ......            28

                        2.4.1 Hardware       .........................................                             28
                        2.4.2   Software    .......................            o.......    o .........             28

                 2.5. Training    .................          o.............................                        35

            3.0  Data Collection      ................        o ............................                       35

                 3.1    U.S. Geological Survey     .....   o                                                       35
                 3.2    RBA Study     ..................                                                           35
                 3.3    Global Positioning System      ..................................                          36









                                                Section                                          Page

           3.0 Data Collection (Continued)

                3.4  Hardeopy Maps     ..........................................                 36

                     3.4.1 Raster Images    ......................................                38
                     3.4.2 Vector Images     ......................................               38
                     3.4.3 Digitizing   ..........................       I ..............         38
                     3.4.4 Scanning   ...................      i  .....................           38

                3.5  Remote Sensing    .........................................                  39
                3.6  Administrative Records                                                       39
                3.7  C o o r d 1 n a t e G e o m e t r y                                          39
                3.8  Other Sources of Data    ....................................                39

           4.0  Bureau of State Park Map Standards    ..............................              39

                4.1 Naming Conventions    ............................                            40
                4.2  Metadata   ...........................................                       40
                4.3  Display and Output  .......................................                  40

           5.0 Budget    ....................................................                     60

           6.0  System Evaluation   ...........................................                   60

                6.1  Development    ...........................................                   60
                6.2  Base Map    ..............................................                   60
                6.3  Erosion/Deposition  .......................................                  66
                6.4  Special Maps   ...........................................                   66
                6* 5 Environmentally Sensitive Area   ..............................              66
                6.6  Other Resource Potential Use    ................................             74
                6.7  Future Application  .......................................                  75

           7.0  Recommendations     ............................................                  75


           Appendix     .....................................................                     77

           Bibliography   ...................................................                     83








                                                  LIST OF EXHIBITS


              Exhibit                                         Title                                     Page


                1-1           Soil Map    ......................................                          12
                1-2           Presque Isle State Park Mini-Map      ....................                  20
                1-3           Historical Sites  .................................                         22
                1-4           Archaeological Sites   ..............................                       23
                2-1           Letter to BTGS    .................................                         29
                2-2           USGS Agreement 594 PA 01709         .....................                   30
                2-3           Planned Dynamics SPC 249388        ......................                   32
                2-4           Earth Information Services SP   C 239162     ...............                33

                2-5           Hardware     .....................................                          34

                3-1           Environmental Sensitive Areas      ......................                   37

                4-1           State Park Name Code      ............................                      41
                4-2           Map Theme Names       ...............................                       43

                4-3           Metadata Form     .................................                         44

                4-4           Metadata Sample     ................................                        48
                4-5           Log Sheet    .....................................                          52
                4-6           Log Sheet Sample    ....  ............................                      53
                4-7           Map File    ......................................                          54
                4-8           Map File Sample     ................................                        55
                4-9           Map Display Standards     ............................                      56
                5-1           92 CZM Gra   nt Budget   .............................                      61
                6-1           Coverage Contents     ...............................                       62
                6-2           Presque Isle State Park Status Report     .................                 65
                6-3           Base Map 1994     ..................................                        67
                6-4           Shoreline aml    ...................................                        68
                6-5           Numerous Shoreline Map      ...........................                     71
                6-6           87-95 Comparison Map      ............................                      72
                6-7           Environmentally Sensitive Area Buffering       ..............               73
                6-8           Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Letter         ....           76












                                                              iv








                                           EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


          Presque Isle State Park is a seven-mile peninsula, encompassing approximately 3,200 acres in
          size. The state park is managed by the Bureau of State Parks, Department of Environmental
          Resources, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for recreation and conservation purposes. As the
          years past and numerous yearly storms pound away at Presque Isle State Park's shoreline,
          erosion and sedimentation occur along this shoreline. This results in a change of the shoreline
          and a continuous growth of the state park. As a result of this constant change a program
          needed to be devised to provide an up-to-date base map of the state park.

          This project documents what is available, resource wise at the state park, types of equipment
          purchased, training performed, technical assistance, and future plans. It states standards set
          forth for the Bureau of State Parks to use in data collection and mapping. The project was
          completed through joint ventures with the. state and federal agencies as well as private
          corporations and individuals.

          This report has been organized to present the background, historical, physical characteristics,
          and recreational facilities of Presque Isle State Park in Section 1. Section 2 deals with the
          project initiation which include the meetings, agreements, equipment purchases, and training.
          The various ways in which data was collected is explained in Section 3. Section 4 deals with the
          standards used on the project and establishes a starting point for a Geographic Information
          System plan for the Bureau of State Parks. The final budget is explained in Section 5. A
          discussion on the system and the current uses- of it are explained in Section 6 along with ideas
          and future considerations for various applications.

          The overall goal of this project was to provide a modern, up-to-date, accurate geographic data
          base map in digital and cartographic format for use by the state park system in managing
          Presque Isle State Park resources.

          This project was a pilot project to collect very detailed topographic data and to prepare an
          up-to-date lithographic map of the state park for managing the state park for recreational and
          conservation purposes. In addition, data would be collected digitally for use on a state park
          operated P.C. computer system that would allow augmenting and monitoring digital data as it is
          modified through management decisions and as the shoreline is affected by rising and falling
          lake levels. The project included data acquisition which meets standards for use of
          Depart ment-approved computer systems; provision of necessary software and hardware, and
          training for state park personnel to operate systems.

          The program has been developed to the point that Arcview 2 will be used at the park to run
          applications and do some editing and application development. Overall responsibility for the
          basic coverage will be the Central Office staff of the Bureau of State Parks. Presque Isle State
          Park will be able to produce any map of any scale for coverages that have been created along
          with database reports.

          The 92 CZM grant was the. first phase of the project with the 93 CZM grant as Phase II to be
          completed in 1995. The Geographic Information System is a dynamic tool that will continue to
          grow and actually never be 100 percent complete.

          Phase Il of this project will complete and/or enhance coverage that are in development, write
          applications for their use, and develop additional coverages to meet the needs of Presque Isle
          State Park.








           The following are the recommendations that the Resources Management Section will make to
           the Bureau of State Parks with the CZM project is complete:

                To take the information from this project and Phase Il and develop a Geographic Informa-
                tion System Plan for the Bureau of State Parks before continuing with future applications.

           o    To use State Plane, NAD 83 as the standards projection for state park maps.

           0    To establish a GIS coordinator to oversee the GIS program in BSP.

           0    To require a inkjet plotter for maps upto 1711 x 1111 in size.

           0    To use GPS equipment for collecting of data within the park boundary. The 1-2 meter
                accuracy will be a major improvement in the quality of state park maps and will be an
                acceptable error factor.

                To use the Department's cardiographic section to digitize existing accurate maps into
                Auto Cadd for use by Resources Management Section. The Resources Management
                Section will use Arc CAD to take maps between Are Info and Auto CADD.

                To acquire Arc CAD and Arc Scan modules for Arc Info for use with the GIS program-




































                                                         2









            1.0   INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

                  This section of the report. describes the purpose of the project effort, discusses the
                  historical setting, natural resources, recreational opportunities, and shoreline processes of
                  Presque Isle State Park.

                  1.1   Purywe of St

                        Presque Isle State Park is a seven-mile peninsula, encompassing over 3,200 acres in
                        size. The state park is managed by the Bureau of State Parks, Department of
                        Environmental Resources, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for recreation and
                        conservation purposes. As the years past and numerous yearly storms pound away at
                        Presquelsle State Park's shoreline, erosion and sedimentation occur along this
                        shoreline. This results in a change to the shoreline and a continuous growth of the
                        state park. As a result of this constant change a program needed to be devised to
                        provide an up-to-date base map of the state park.

                        The overall goal of this project was to provide a modern, up-to-dateo accurate
                        geographic data base map in digital and cartographic format for use by the state
                        park system in managing Presque Isle State Park resources.

                        This project was a pilot project to collect very detailed topographic data and to
                        prepare an up-to-date lithographic map of the state park for managing the state
                        park for recreational and conservation purposes. In addition, data would be
                        collected digitally for use on a state park operated P.C. computer system that would
                        allow augmenting and monitoring digital data as it is modified through management
                        decisions and as the shoreline is affected by rising and falling lake levels. The
                        project included data acquisition which meets standards for use of Depart-
                        ment-approved computer systems; provision of necessary software and hardwarev
                        and training for state park personnel to operate systems..

                  1.2   Historical Setting of Presque Isle State Park

                        In terms of historical records, Presque Isle State Park was discovered and named by
                        the French in the 1720's (French Explorers). The name Presque Isle State Park when
                        translated into English means "almost an island."

                        However, there is little doubt that Presque Isle State Park was occupied by Indians
                        prior to the arrival of the French. The earliest native American inhabitants that we
                        can identify by name were the Erie's, who were in possession of this region until
                        their defeat and extermination by the Iroquois in 1650. From what we know of the
                        Erie's they were a somewhat domesticated people who could have cleared portions
                        of the peninsula for use in farming and possibly even settlement. But this can only
                        be termed speculation since there have not been any archaeological investigations to
                        verify that fact. Subsequently the Seneca nation of the Iroquois Confederacy
                        controlled the area, but they were primarily warriors, and it is doubtful they would
                        have used Presque Isle State Park for anything more than a hunting preserve.

                        French Period (1720-1759). The French did not come to northwestern Pennsylvania
                        for settlement, but to establish a series of military outposts with which to resist the
                        encroachment of the English. To them the peninsula had great strategic value as it
                        afforded natural protection for the harbor and against attack from the water. Two
                        sites have been identified - one at the neck of the peninsula and the other at the
                        easternmost tip, where the French may have erected military installations. Both
                        structures are said to have been made of brick.





                                                             3








                        British Period (1760-1763). Following their defeat by the British in the French &
                        Indian War, the French burned their fort on the mainland at the mouth of Mill
                        Creek, and abandoned their claims to northwest Pennsylvania. However, they were
                        still a presence, and this along with the threat of Indian attack prompted the British
                        to erect fortifications oi their own. But, they did not replace the French fort, they
                        simply built a blockhouse on the same site. A separate outpost and stockade were
                        constructed at the neck of the peninsula for the grazing of animals.

                        The British in turn were evicted from this area by the Indians during Pontiac's
                        Rebellion in 1763. The blockhouse on the mainland was destroyed. Presumably, the
                        post on Presque Isle State Park suffered the same fate.

                        No-Man's Land (1764-1794). The ferocity of the attack         and continuing Indian
                        antagonism discouraged the British from any further fortification or settlement of
                        this region. Records of what transpired during this thirty year period are extremely
                        vague. This was a time in which the focus of the contest for domination first
                        between the Indian and white man, and later after 1771 between the Americans and
                        British, shifted further west. The destiny of northwest Pennsylvania was settled at
                        negotiating tables and in strife far removed from Presque Isle State Park. Out of
                        these negotiations came a resolution to a dispute over ownership of the Erie
                        Triangle which included the northern half of Erie County and the peninsula. In 1792,
                        Pennsylvania was able to purchase the disputed territory from the Federal
                        government. There is some evidence to suggest that there was a trading post here
                        during these years, which was visited from time-to-time by white men, both British
                        and American.

                        American Military Period (1795-1825). The defeat of the western Indians by
                        Anthony Wayne in 1795 finally cleared the way for. permanent settlement of this
                        region by the Americans. However, the British continued to intrigue the Indians
                        which posed a threat to the new village at what was then called Presque Isle State
                        Park. That such a threat existed was recognized in the 1794 act authorizing the
                        laying out of the town, which reserved a "tract of 100 acres on the peninsula,, for the
                        use of the United States in erecting forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, etc." The
                        need for such fortifications became a reality in 1812 with the outbreak of war with
                        England.

                        Battle of Lake Erie. Presque Isle State Park harbored a naval base during the War
                        of 1812. It was here that Commodore Perry built his ships and trained his men for
                        the coming battle.

                        On September 10, 1813, the British and American fleets clashed in a battle that
                        became the turning point in the War. After Perry's victory, the fleet returned to
                        Presque Isle State Park and erected a bunkhouse and storage building at Misery Bay.
                        Misery Bay received its name from the hardships his men endured during the cold
                        winter that followed.

                        In 1814, the brigs Niagara and Lawrence were sunk In Misery Bay In hopes of
                        preserving them. They were raised again to commemorate the centennial of the
                        War. The Lawrence was In such ill repair that it was sold for souvenirs. The
                        Niagara was sunk again, later to be raised and fixed.

                        In 1813, a large blockhouse was constructed on CrystalPoint just west of Misery Bay
                        to guard the harbor entrance. This installation remained in operation until 1825.
                        Also during this period Misery Bay served as a harbor for inactive vessels of the
                        American squadron as well as captured vessels of the British squadron from the
                        Battle of Lake Erie.




                                                            4








                         However, use of the peninsula was not entirely confined to military purposes and as
                         the commercial potential of Erie's harbor became apparent toward the close of the
                         period, the first-aid-to-navigation - a plerhead light, was installed on the north side
                         of the channel entrance in 1819.

                         Public Works Era (1826-1920) With the diminished possibility of attack, attention
                         now shifted from military concerns to the role of the peninsula in Erie's growing
                         maritime trade. The immediate need was to improve the channel entrance, and this
                         was done by the construction of a series of dikes and piers, under a
                         $20,000 appropriation from the Federal government.

                         A further problem for the harbor occurred when the neck of Presque Isle State Park
                         was breached by a storm in the winter of 1828-29. A second break in 1833 rapidly
                         expanded to a width of one mile and was not fully closed by natural siltation
                         until 1864. For a good part of this period, bulkheads were used to maintain a
                         400-foot wide navigation channel. In 1874, the peninsula was breached again. This
                         break was closed the following year with 400 feet of pile and plank fencing
                         strengthened with stone. These were just a few of the measures taken to arrest the
                         erosion of Presque Isle State Park by the Federal government during this period.
                         From 1829 to 1883, a total of $220,000 was spent on the construction of
                         breakwaters, jetties, and protective fencing.

                         In other matters of Federal concern, the Presque Isle State Park Lighthouse,
                         generally known as the flashlight was erected on the north shore of the. peninsula
                         in 1872. Three years later the first life-saving station was established on the north
                         side of the channel entrance.

                         In connection with the above, it should be noted that Presque Isle State Park had
                         many changes of ownership during this period, passing from the Federal government
                         to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, then to the City of Erie, then to the Marine
                         Hospital Corporation. Finally in 1871, legislation at both the Federal and State
                         levels provided an arrangement whereby for purposes of national defense and
                         protection of the harbor, custody and control of the peninsula was awarded to the
                         United States; while for the purposes of all other matters subject to civil and
                         'Criminal jurisdiction, actual title and ownership was vested in the Commonwealth of
                         Pennsylvania. Since this legislation further stipulated that the peninsula was "to be
                         held near as may be, in its present condition ..... 11 it appears that it was the intention
                         to limit commercial use. To what extent this prohibition was followed is difficult to
                         determine. We do know that a small fish processing plant was constructed on Misery
                         Bay in 1874. It is likely that other ventures, such as boating and bathing
                         concessions, were allowed as well.

                         In 1904, the City Water Commission was permitted to extend its intake pipe through
                         the peninsula into Lake Erie. A concrete-lined settling basin was added to the
                         system put into use on October 2p 1911. For the purpose of periodically emptying
                         and cleaning the settling basin, a hollow tile pumphouse was built in 1917.

                         State Park Era (1921-Present). In 1921, for the purposes of creating a state park,
                         Pennsylvania acquired outright ownership and control of Presque Isle State Park
                         with the exception of that land immediately surrounding the lighthouse and Coast
                         Guard station at the channel entrance, which was reserved to the Federal
                         government. Thus, began the period of the most intensive development in the
                         history of the peninsula. The first paved road was laid in 1924, which went to the
                         lakeside so visitors could view the lake. It was during these years that many of the
                         structures such as the cabins, picnic pavilions$ the Nature Center building, boat
                         livery buildings,. etc.0 some that we still see today were constructed. Other
                         structures such as sawmills, fire tower, etc., have since disappeared.


                                                               5









                         During the 1950s major changes were made to the state park to better accommodate
                         the growing crowds. The neck of the peninsula was widened on the lakeside by the
                         U.S. Corps of Engineers in 1956, when they placed 3,000,000 cubic yards of sand for
                         a distance of five miles. This was followed by a major landfill operation on the bay
                         side of the neck which was carried out by the Department of Forests and Waters.

                         When sand was taken from the area south of Long Pond to widen the peninsula, a
                         large new 12-foot deep inland lake was created for the marina. The new peninsula
                         neck, widened on both the lake and bay sides, was then sufficiently large enough to
                         plan and start building a one-way traffic circulation system, with integrated of f-
                         street parking and beach facilities.

                         In 1957, three modern bathhouses were completed, each unit with a 1,100 car
                         capacity parking area. New toilet facilities were provided. Over three miles of
                         water main was laid in 1958. The present state park administration building was
                         built in 1962.


                         1.2.1   History of the Erosion on Presque Isle State Park

                                 The action of waves and littoral currents cause erosion on the Lake Erie side
                                 of the peninsula and deposition at the distal end of the peninsula. The net
                                 effect of this erosion and deposition is to cause a gradual movement of the
                                 land mass from west to east. In the past, prior to the installation of groins
                                 and a rock protected steel bulkhead, the neck of the peninsula had on
                                 occasions been breached during severe storms. In 1917, the breach was wide
                                 enough to accommodate small boat navigation between the lake and the bay.

                                 Since the year 1819, the Federal and State governments have maintained the
                                 peninsula and have combatted the erosion on the lakeside shore. This obliga.
                                 tion has resulted in a considerable effort to stabilize and replenish the beach
                                 areas. Perhaps the largest project in the past was in 1956, when the Corps of
                                 Engineers installed much of the groin and bulkhead system along the neck of
                                 the peninsula, and pumped sufficient sand from the bay to replenish the
                                 beaches from the neck to the lighthouse.

                                 Since 1956, activity has primarily been directed toward beach maintenance
                                 by sand replenishment. During 1972 and 1973, an experimental grout filled
                                 nylon bag reef was included in the sand replenishment contract in an attempt
                                 to reduce sand losses from Beach 6. In 1978, breakwaters were placed in the
                                 Beach 10 area as another experimental step in beach erosion control. This
                                 resulted in sand build-up to the lee of the breakwaters with severe erosion to
                                 the east.


                   1.3   Natural Resources

                         This section contains a brief narrative of the natural resources found at Presque Isle
                         State Park. The project area includes all of Presque Isle State Park and 500 feet out
                         from the shoreline.

                         1.3.1   Physiography

                                 Presque Isle State Park lies within the Eastern Lake Section of the General
                                 Lowland Physiographic Province and is an east-west trending sandspit, also
                                 commonly called a peninsula. Its westernmost (proximal) end is connected to
                                 the shore, while its easternmost (distal) end curves toward the shore, but is
                                 not attached. Approximately seven miles long, Presque Isle is hook-shaped


                                                                6








                                 with the point recurved toward shore at the east end. Width at the neck is
                                 less than a thousand feet, while in the center and at the east end, width
                                 exceeds one mile. The spit forms an embayment, Presque Isle Bay, between
                                 its southern shore and the northern shore of the City of Erie. A channel at
                                 the east end of the bay is maintained by dredging to permit ship access to the
                                 harbor.

                                 The sandspit formed sometime after the retreat of the last glacial advance
                                 on Erie County (11,000 years ago) and after the last stage of Lake Erie
                                 attained its current general elevation (3,500 years ago). Presque Isle State
                                 Park's elevation ranges from 572 feet above sea level at the lake shore to
                                 approximately 590 feet at some of the highest dunes. This difference yields a
                                 maximum relief of nearly 20 feet within the state park boundary. ,

                                 The reason for the spit's location and origin is uncertain. Studies of old maps
                                 and aerial photos, the dynamics of the beaches and dunes, and processes along
                                 the lake shore suggest that the materials comprising it have been transported
                                 from the west. The probable source for most of the material is sediment
                                 carried by streams to the lake and material eroded from the lake bluffs. The
                                 sediment, composed predominantly of sand with lesser amounts of pebbles
                                 and cobbles, was carried by shoreline (littoral) currents and subsequently
                                 deposited to form the spit. At the time of its origin, the sediment supply
                                 from the downcutting, youthful streams entering Lake Erie was much greater
                                 than at present. As long as the sediment supplied to the spit was greater
                                 than the amount of sediment being carried into deeper waters east of the
                                 spit, the peninsula grew in both length and width.

                         1.3.2   Geology

                                 Bedrock Formations Underlying Presque Isle State Park

                                 Underlying the relatively thin veneer (approximately 100 feet) of sand and
                                 other glacially derived sediments which make up Presque Isle State Park,
                                 there is almost 6,000 feet of sedimentary rock. The sediments which make
                                 up this rock were deposited from 600 to 350 million years ago when this area
                                 was below sea level. The rocks consists of nearly horizontal layers of shale,
                                 limestone, dolostone (magnesium limestone), claystone, sandstone, and salt.
                                 The uppermost bedrock unit beneath Presque Isle State Park, the Devonian
                                 .age Northeast Shale, is also exposed along the lake shoring in much of central
                                 and eastern Erie County. This rock is predominantly a gray silty shale, with
                                 thin layers of fine grained sandstone and calcareous (limy) layers and lenses.
                                 The bedrock surface beneath the peninsula slopes gently lakeward from about
                                 two feet below low water datum at the junction of the neck and the mainland
                                 to more than 100 feet below the surface at two gas well locations. The
                                 individual beds dip very slightly to the south, so that progressively younger
                                 rocks are at the surface south of the lake.

                                 Underlying the layers of sedimentary rock are older metamorphic rocks, such
                                 as are exposed in Canada north of the sedimentary rock cover. A number of
                                 wells, drilled primarily for oil and gas exploration, confirm the existence of
                                 these metamorphic basement rocks, as well as the overlying sedimentary rock
                                 sequence.

                                 Pleistocene and Recent Deposits Under Presque Isle State Park

                                 There is little specific data on the material directly above the bedrock at
                                 Presque Isle State Park. Borings done by the Corps of Engineers just off the


                                                                7








                                lake shore of the Peninsula reveal up to about 20 feet of recent lake sand.
                                Along the neck, this overlies up to about 25 feet of silt and clay also
                                interpreted to be of recent age. From about Beach 4 east, the lowest
                                material penetrated by the borings is dense, fine-to-coarse sand and gravel
                                which the Corp's' reports described as glaciolacustrine sands. Depths of these
                                borings ranged from 2 0.7 to 48.2 f eet below lake level. Drilling on land, to
                                install monitoring wells near the septic systems found only sand, gravel and
                                some silt and clay to depths of approximately 35 feet. Drillers logs from two
                                gas wells in the state park indicated "fire clay" and "gray clay" at depths of
                                37 and 62 feet, extending to top of bedrock at 114 and 117 feet. This has
                                been interpreted as representing glacial diamict, but other interpretations
                                are possible.

                                One of the features that may support the idea of the existence of glacial
                                deposits under Presque Isle State Park is the Long Point-Erie ridge. This
                                topographic high on the lake bottom is "broad, flat-topped, and about 40 km.
                                (25. miles) wide" (1980 Corps' report) and has been interpreted as a glacial
                                moraine. The Corps of Engineers (1979 report) determined that the ridge is
                                topped by an average of 7 feet of sand and gravel; waves reworking a moraine
                                may be the source of the material sampled. A SW-NE channel separates the
                                ridge from the platform underlying Presque Isle State Park leaving room for
                                doubt that the ridge once extended to the south shore and that glacial
                                deposits underlie the spit.

                         1.3.3  Vegetation

                                0 ver the years, many different species of vegetation have been planted on
                                Presque Isle State Park. In 1920, over 20,000 poplar trees were planted.
                                Lombardy poplar was planted in the roadway medians which resulted in a
                                short term distinctive feature of the state park. Records indicate that many
                                cottonwood plantings have been made mostly for the exigencies of soil
                                stabilization and aesthetic effects. In the 1950s or 60s, a cottonwood
                                plantation was established in the Cookhouse Pavilion area. Other plantings
                                include the Scotch pine plantation located along Pine Tree Road, and the
                                introduction of Phragmites into the wetland areas. Some of these plantings,
                                such as Phragmites, are now endangering rare plants in. the state park.

                                In 1985, the forest   types on Presque Isle State Park were mapped by the
                                Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry and,the Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks.
                                Four forest types encompassing 1,392 acres are recognized on Presque Isle
                                State Park. These forest types are the mixed oak, northern hardwoods, pine
                                plantation, and cottonwood. Approximately 190 acres of the state park are in
                                mixed oak type which consists of red oak, black oak, and red maple in the
                                overstory. The northern hardwood type contains 204 acres with black cherry
                                and red maple forming the overstory. The pine plantation contains
                                approximately 92 acres with the dominant species being Scotch pine with
                                scattered pitch pine and white pine. The remaining forested area of
                                690 acres consist of eastern cottonwood.

                                An effort to update plant species of special concern locations was initiated
                                in 1980 by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PA
                                DER) and Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (WPC) through the
                                Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) project. In 1985, field
                                surveys were begun by PA DER, WPC, Presque Isle State Park Audubon
                                Society, and Cleveland Museum of Natural History. This field Inventory was
                                continued through 1986 and 1987 by the Cleveland Museum of Natural
                                History. The 1987 botanical survey included a natural community


                                                                8








                                 classification description and mapping.project (Bier, C.W. and
                                 J. Bissell, 1987). As a result of these inventories, exotic plant species
                                 invasion was identified as a threat to the natural integrity of Presque Isle
                                 State Park's native flora and natural communities. An exotic plant control
                                 project was initiated by the Bureau of Parks and Forestry, Division of Coastal
                                 Zone Management, and Cleveland Museum of Natural History (Bissel, 1989).
                                 Active management is being done by mechanical removal of nuisance species
                                 at selected sites.

                                 The lake shore dunes along the north side of the        peninsula are built and
                                 stabilized primarily by two species of grass: beach grass and switch grass.
                                 Cottonwoods naturally establish on the stabilized grass dunes.

                                 Mature and young cottonwoods are a prominent component of the lower
                                 elevations of the ridge vegetation, the marsh/ridge transition areas, and
                                 where past filling operations created flat expanses. Cottonwood and willows
                                 are also aggressive invaders on exposed mineral sites adjacent to the areas of
                                 rapid sand accretion. Cottonwood is a short-lived species that has a
                                 remarkable ability when young to generate adventitious roots as sand
                                 accumulates above the initial and subsequent root collar(s). Eastern
                                 cottonwood, together with willows, is instrumental in helping to both create
                                 and stabilize dunes. In some instances, they may be replaced by red maples,
                                 black oak, or black cherry. But in other areas, their impending loss may leave
                                 only low, semi-shrubby cover and it will be an extended period of time before
                                 other more tolerant trees attain present canopy levels.

                                 The old fields and savannahs encompass 39 acres on Presque Isle State Park.
                                 Old fields consist primarily of bayberry, Indian grass, and various species of
                                 goldenrod. The savannahs are dominated by Indian grass, little bluestem, and
                                 switch grass.

                                 The wetlands of Presque Isle State Park are a highly complex, extremely
                                 vulnerable system and are some of the best and most extensive wetlands in
                                 Pennsylvania. They are invaluable as a habitat for waterfowl and other
                                 wildlife, a support for fisheries, and sanctuary for rare and endangered
                                 species; and an asset for their educational, recreational and aesthetic values.
                                 Wetlands comprise 458 acres on Presque Isle State Park. The major species
                                 found in the wooded swamps are blackgum and red maple. The shrub swamps
                                 are dominanted by buttonbush. The marshes and wet meadows are character-
                                 ized by sedges, cattails, bur-reed, phragmites, spatterdock, and fragrant
                                 white lily.-

                         1.3.4   Water


                                 Lake Erie Water Levels

                                 The water level of Lake Erie at any point in time depends on a balance of the
                                 amount of water received from the amount of water removed by a variety of
                                 means. If these quantities are in exact balance, the general lake level is
                                 constant. If the quantities received are greater then the quantities removed,
                                 the volume of water in the lake increases and the lake level rises and, in the
                                 absence of any controls, the outflow increases. The amount of change
                                 depends on the magnitude of changes inwater supply and the timing of the
                                 passage of this supply through the system. Changes in water supply and the
                                 timing of Its flow are the result of the interaction of the natural and
                                 artificial factors which affect the supply and discharge of water to and from
                                 the system. The range of levels and flows is also directly affected by the


                                                                9








                              relationship between the area of the lake and the discharge capacity of its
                              major outlet(s).

                              There are three categories of water level fluctuations that should be under-
                              stood with respect to observed levels on Lake Erie. Each of these categories
                              produces an affect with respect to Presque Isle State Park. The three
                              categories are: long-term, seasonal, and short period.

                              Long-term fluctuations are the result of conditions within the hydrologic
                              cycle over an extended period of time. Hydrologic imbalances that result in
                              a low water supply produces low levels such as were recorded on Lake Erie in
                              the mid-60s. Those imbalances that produce a high water supply produce high
                              levels such as were recorded in 1973 and again in 1985. In examining the
                              period of record (1860-1994), no case can be made for regular, predictable
                              cycles in water levels. Intervals between episodes of high and low levels and
                              the duration of any episode vary widely for the 125 year period. The range
                              between extremes of high and low are in the magnitude of 5.3 feet (1.8m).

                              Seasonal fluctuations in water level are superimposed on the long-term
                              changes and are based on the normal annual hydrologic cycle. These seasonal
                              variations are predictable in the sense that higher net supplies can be
                              expected in the spring and early summer with lower net supplies during the
                              remainder of the year. With one possible exception, the high water level for
                              Lake Erie has always been recorded by late July. In most instances the high
                              level comes at the end of May and persists through June and early July.
                              These variations are normally small, averaging about 1.5 feet (.46 m) on Lake
                              Erie.

                              Short-period fluctuations can last from a few hours to several days and are
                              caused by meteorological disturbances. Wind and difference in barometric
                              pressure over the surface of a lake can create some significant changes in
                              levels without changing the overall volume of water in the lake. During such
                              an event winds blowing from the WNW over the long fetch of Lake Erie can
                              produce simultaneous readings at the eastern and western ends of the lake
                              that can vary as much as 8 feet (2.44 m).

                              The Formation of Presque Isle State Park   Ponds and Lagoons

                              The ponds, lagoons and wetlands of Presque Isle State Park are a highly
                              complex, extremely vulnerable system. They are invaluable as a habitat for
                              waterfowl and other wildlife, a support for fisheries, a sanctuary for rare and
                              endangered species, and an asset for their educational, recreational and
                              aesthetic value.

                              Presque Isle State Park is a unique recurving sandspit-formed peninsula.
                              Erosion of sand at the western neck of the peninsula is redeposited at the far
                              eastern end of the peninsula. The repeated breaching of the neck and the
                              development of the Isle's northeast extension constantly caused new bars to
                              form eventually touching the land mass and trapping lake waters forming
                              beach or sandspit ponds.

                              The ponds that develop along the lake side are always elongated and parallel
                              to the present or former shoreline, and initially only a few meters from the
                              lake. The ponds may persist for a few months or for several hundred years
                              old. Beach ponds that are sealed in formation, have no direct lake contact.
                              These ponds are shallow and narrowly elongated. As the pond ages, its
                              volume and surface area are reduced as the perimeter is filled In by


                                                           10








                                 windblown sand and organic matter accumulated through the death and decay
                                 of organisms.

                                 Another type of pond formation that occurs on Presque Isle State Park
                                 Peninsula are lagoon ponds. These ponds are formed when sand, eroded from
                                 the lakeside moves eastward and is deposited at the northeast end.
                                 Occasional strong wave action carries sand around the eastern tip creating a
                                 recurved beach which isolates a fingerlike pool from the main body of the
                                 lake. Lagoon ponds may retain contact with the lake for a number of years.

                                 Groundwater on Presque Isle State Park

                                 Groundwater is water which occurs in the subsurface in space between solid
                                 materials. In the case of Presque Isle State Park, which is predominately
                                 sand, 25 to 50 percent of the total volume can be occupied by groundwater.

                                 The water table, which is the upper surface of water saturation, is very
                                 shallow on Presque Isle State Park. Below the water table, all space between
                                 solid materials is occupied by water. In general, the water table has the
                                 same (or slightly higher) elevation as the surface of the lake. During the wet
                                 periods, the water table on Presque Isle State Park rises. During dry periods,
                                 the water table is lower; approximating lake level. The time it takes for a
                                 "higher" water table to readjust itself to lake level is proportional to the time
                                 it takes for water to move through the sand. The loose, unconsolidated sand
                                 which comprises Presque Isle State Park is very permeable, allowing water to
                                 move through the material relatively easily. In an undisturbed state though,
                                 groundwater movement is slow (zero to a few feet per day) because of the
                                 level conditions. Like surface water, groundwater requires a slope In order to
                                 flow. As slope increases, flow rate increases. The high permeability of the
                                 sand, and hydrostatic pressure exerted by the surrounding lake, prohibits the
                                 water table from falling significantly below lake level. This situation
                                 provides a very stable supply of groundwater. However, the permeable
                                 conditions allows for rapid changes in groundwater quality.

                         1.3.5   SoUs

                                 The four soil types which occur in the state park are all "new" soils which are
                                 currently in the process of formation and change. Caution needs to be
                                 exercised due to their fragility and in selecting species to be planted due to
                                 the lack of soil nutrients and drought-prone characteristics of these soils. A
                                 soil map of Presque Isle State Park is included in this report, Exhibit 1-1.

                                 Beach and Riverwash (Ba) is a miscellaneous land type is made up of
                                 unassorted sand, gravel, and small fragments of flagstone. Before sediments
                                 are deposited on the beach, they are transported by streams and are then
                                 dropped into the waters of the lake. Here, they are reworked by wave action
                                 and are then washed onto the beach. During storms the beach material is
                                 again reworked and is carried eastward by shore currents. In its place new
                                 sediments are deposited by waves. During the winter a well-defined beach is
                                 often altered greatly by storms.

                                 Beach and riverwash is not stable enough to maintain a cover of plants. It
                                 consists largely of material weathered from the underlying shale;, it also
                                 includes some sediments of sandstone, granite,.and quartzite that were
                                 carried into the area by glaciers. No soil profile has developed.



























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                                  10




                                     PARK RESOURCES                 PREPARED         LEGEND      a Trai,sH        Park           Marsh      Rive
                             MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS     DESIGNED BY: KAT                                  Boundarm
                                                                                                      Park        Dune      ?%-144 Beach    Buil
                                                                                                                                 Sand
                              BUREAU OF STATE PARKS             DRAWN BY: GRJ                     9   loa    NO 0 Ell. Sand
                             OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY       nATF- 10/29/94                   FN   R ds








                                 This land type has no value for agriculture, but it provides valuable areas for
                                 recreation.

                                 Beach Sand, Stabilized (Bb) is a miscellaneous land type consists          of deep,
                                 sandy beach material that is nearly level and moderately well-drained to
                                 poorly drained. This material is mostly acidic with the exception of the
                                 moist sandplains at Budney Beach which has alkaline characteristics. It is
                                 protected by a beach ridge from the waves of Lake Erie. The material has
                                 been in place long enough so that it has a cover of plants but not long enough
                                 for a soil profile to form. It does, however, have an organic surface layer.
                                 No erosion has taken pla  ce,

                                 This extensive land type      occurs only on Presque Isle State Park. The
                                 vegetation consists primarily of cottonwood, bayberry, and several important
                                 grasses - Indiangrass, switchgrass, and little bluestem. The seeds of these
                                 grasses apparently were brought to Presque Isle State Park by the lake
                                 current.

                                 This miscellaneous land type formerly consisted of shifting sand. The sand
                                 became stabilized after a ridge was built up that protected it from wave
                                 action. The beach sand is only 1 to 1 1E feet above the level of the lake. The
                                 permanent water table, therefore, is only about that depth below the surface.
                                 The beach sand is low in plant nutrients but the groundwater has minerals and
                                 nitrogen in solution. These plant nutrients, along with the favorable
                                 permeability of the material and the stable supply of moisture,. cause plants.
                                 to make.a dense growth.

                                 This land type has little agricultural value. It is suitable for recreational use
                                 and is also suitable for trees or for wildlife habitats.

                                 Dune Sand (Ds) is a miscellaneous land type consists of deep, loose, droughty,
                                 windblown sands. The sands were sorted from the lacustrine materials by
                                 wind and were blown into the shape of dunes. These dunes were built
                                 primarily by beach grass and switch grass. The dunes lack the characteristic
                                 crescent or oblong shape of active dunes because they have been partially
                                 stabilized by little bluestem, switchgrass, and cinquefoil.

                                 Fresh Water Marsh (Fm) is a land type that occurs in shallow lagoons on the
                                 bay side of Presque Isle State Park. The soil material consists of 6 to
                                 12 inches of partly decomposed organic material that is underlain by deep
                                 lacustrine sand and gravel. The surface is covered by 1 to 3 feet of water.
                                 The water level fluctuates seasonally and is especially high following storms.

                                 The areas   support a luxuriant growth of sedges and are suitable as habitats
                                 for wildlife. In general, most of the Presque Isle State Park marshes are
                                 sedge marshes, and the sedge marshes support many plants of special
                                 concern. The growth of cattails in many of the marshes is associated with
                                 disturbance and the cattail growth may well be a long term threat to the
                                 sedge marshes in the state park.

                          1.3.6  Minerals


                                 Oil and.Gas

                                 A number of gas producing zones exist within the upper 1,000 feet of
                                 bedrock, which consists of shales, siltsones, and very fine sandstone.
                                 Production from this zone is usually sufficient for domestic or light


                                                                 13








                              commercial use. Production life from this shallow zone varies substantially,
                              ranging from I year or less to as much as 20 years.

                              The major commercial gas producing geologic formations in Erie County are
                              the Oriskany Sandstone and Medina Group sands, which occur at a depth of
                              approximately 1,300 feet and 2,100 feet respectively beneath Presque Isle
                              State Park. The Oriskany is very erratic in occurrence and has not been
                              proven to exist beneath the peninsula. Gas or oil production from deeper
                              geologic formations has not been evaluated to date.

                              There are two gas wells located in the state park. The Marina well drilling
                              (permit number ERI-20846) was completed on October 10, 1979, at a depth of
                              1,276 feet. It was estimated to heat several buildings (marina, manager's
                              home, and administration building) for 30 to 40 years. PA DER provided
                              $23pOOO towards the $200,000 project. The well proved to be a
                              disappointment producing only 4,000 cubic feet per day in the first year.

                              The Beach 7 well was drilled in 1910 by the City of Erie at a depth of
                              3,572 feet. It was used to run machinery at waterworks park and later
                              abandoned in the 1920s. The marina gas well is currently used to heat the
                              administration building garage, maintenance building, carpenter shop, and the
                              marina comfort station.

                              In 1970, a black, foul-smelling surface discharge was reported in the Beach 7
                              well area. The discharge resulted in the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into
                              the air and other hazardous substances into the soil and shallow ground water
                              near the well. As the odors continued, DER uncovered the pavement
                              overlying the discharge in 1979, and identified the well as the source of the
                              discharge. The discharge was found to be emanating from a deep
                              underground formation called the Bass Island formation.

                              From 1964 to 1971, over one-billion, ninety-million ga Ilons of wood pulping
                              wastes were injected into the Bass Island formation by the Hammermill Paper
                              Company at wells located approximately four miles to the east of the
                              Presque Isle State Park 7 well. An explanation is that the injected wood
                              pulping wastes flowed along the Bass Island formation and surfaced at the
                              Beach 7 well. Beach 7 well was shut off and plugged in April 15, 1980 to
                              900 feet of the surface. At that time a substantial amount of gas was found
                              near the surface that did have potential for use.

                              In September 1983, the Beach 7 well was placed on EPA's National Priorities
                              List. The National Priorities List consists of hazardous sites across the
                              country where cleanup need's are so serious as to warrant designation as a
                              Superfund site. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
                              and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as the "Superfund," was passed
                              by Congress in 1980. The Act addresses the nationwide problem of
                              uncontrolled hazardous sites.

                              In 1992, EPA delisted the well from the National Priorities List. Restoration
                              work was done on the site.


                              Iron

                              Iron ore was mined in the 1800s at the bluffs at the neck of the 'peninsula.




                                                          14









                       1.3.7  Fish and Wildlife

                              There are over 22 species of mammals, 30 species of "herptiles            over
                              780 species of invertebrates, 17 species of fish, and a minimum of 321 bird
                              species which have been found at Presque Isl e State Park.

                              Fish


                              The fish community inhabiting Lake Erie, Presque Isle Bay, and tributary
                              streams is diverse and unlike that found in any other part of Pennsylvania.
                              Lake Erie has at least 17 species of fish involved in the sport fishery and
                              about 15 species in the commercial harvest. Presque Isle Bay supports a
                              warm water fishery, while Lake Erie supports both a cold and warm water
                              fishery. Lake Erie provides an opportunity for anglers to catch coho and
                              chinook salmon, and steelhead trout. It is one of the f ew waterways
                              inhabited by lake trout, rainbow smelt, bowf in, longnose and spotted gar, and
                              freshwater drum. In addition to these species there are at least 86 other
                              species of fish known to occur in these waters. Most of these species will
                              reproduce in the waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries. In some tributaries
                              natural reproduction of trout has been noted. All but the smallest tributaries
                              sustain spawning runs of coho, chinook salmon, and steelhead and rainbow
                              trout. Smallmouth bass, white suckers, smelt, and emerald shiners also use
                              the mouth of the largest streams as nursery areas or spawning grounds.
                              Reproduction of muskellunge has not yet been documented.

                              Invertebrates


                              Presque Isle State Park has a spectacular series of habitats laid out in
                              chronological sequence from a few months to hundreds of years in age. The
                              peninsula is in continual transition and several collectors have noted that
                              Presque Isle State Park has the most diverse population of faunal species in
                              the northeastern -United States. The geographic location of Presque Isle
                              State Park is such that it is on the border for southern extension of the
                              northern range of species and northern extension of the southern range of
                              species. There are over 780 invertebrate species representing 7 phyla
                              recorded for Presque Isle State Park. Many invertebrates are near the
                              bottom of the food chain and are necessary for the whole ecosystem to exist
                              and an understanding of the various phyla may provide an understanding of
                              the changing pond conditions on Presque Isle State Park. There is evidence of
                              a decrease in certain insect populations notably of the order Odonata over
                              the past 30 years. Lepidopterists have noted color variant of butterflies on
                              Presque Isle State Park. A list of invertebrates was compiled by
                              Masteller (1986) in a comprehensive literature search and field work.

                              Zebra Mussels

                              The exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpla) is present in Lake Erie and
                              was first observed at Presque Isle in 1990. The explosions In numbers of this
                              mussel has caused problems with man-made structures and native mollusc.
                              The windrow effect on the beaches of washed up shells from dead zebra
                              mussels may require some maintenance efforts. There are no control
                              measures other than educating the users to the presence of zebra mussels and
                              the need to avoid transporting the mussels to unaffected waters.






                                                           15









                               Amphibians and Reptiles

                               Of the 30 species of herpetofauna present or expected to be present on
                               Presque Isle State Park, McPherson captured or observed 19 of these species
                               in a study conducted in late summer of 1982. McPherson's study showed that
                               frogs and toads form the largest populations of amphibians in the state park.
                               Only a few species of salamanders were observed or captured during the
                               study with the red spotted newt being the most. common. Four species of
                               snakes were observed in the state park. The two most common species of
                               snakes were the northern brown snake (Storeria d. dekay! and the eastern
                               garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalls . Nine species of turtles have been
                               recorded for the peninsula, but only 5 species were observed during the
                               1982 study. The midland painted turtle was the most abundant turtle found on
                               Presque Isle State Park.

                               Wildlife

                               A complex of physical and biological factors determine the occurrence of a
                               specific plant community in an.area. In turn, many species of wildlife require
                               a specific type of plant community or association of specific plant
                               communities to thrive. Because of the diversity of physical and biological
                               factors found at Presque Isle State Park, there are many different species of
                               wildlife inhabiting the state park.

                               The 1934-35 Erie County survey, dealt specifically with Presque Isle State
                               Park. From this data, in addition to what is known about individual species
                               range and habitat preferences, it is estimated that Presque Isle State Park
                               may be the home to as many as 48 different species representing 7 taxonomic
                               orders. Only 22 species have actually been verified for Presque Isle State
                               Park.


                               Because of the peninsula's geographic location and the diversity of natural
                               habitats which occur there, Presque Isle State Park is a haven for birdlif e. It
                               is important both as a resting and feeding area for multitudes of migrants and
                               as a nesting area for many species, including several important species of
                               special concern. A minimum of 321 species of birds have been recorded on
                               Presque Isle State Park. At least 45 of these are off icially listed as species
                               of special concern: 6 are state or federally endangered, and 6 are listed as
                               threatened. Two federally endangered species-- the bald eagle and the
                               piping plover - nested on the peninsula as late as the mid-1950s.

                               Deer were artificially stocked on Presque Isle State Park during the 1950s.
                               At that time 40 deer were placed on the peninsula. They thrived, their
                               population exploded, and all reachable portions of palatable species of
                               vegetation were heavily browsed. Supplemental feeding by area residents
                               avoided some starvation but it tamed many animals. Consequently, when the
                               Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) reduced the population, there was a
                               huge public outcry.

                               The population built back up again and reached the point in the early 1970s
                               where starvation was in evidence despite supplemental feeding. At that time
                               the population was estimated at between 200 and 300 deer. Fifty carcasses
                               were found in the winter of 1974, and the Pennsylvania Game Commission
                               began a public relations effort to advise the public that the deer suffered
                               from overprotection. Citizens were led on a hike to see first-hand the poor
                               conditions of the live animals and the number of frozen carcasses that
                               existed.



                                                             16









                                In 1975, Pennsylvania Game Commission personnel conducted a trap and
                                transfer program with public acclaim instead of criticism. That favorable
                                public opinion held in spite of a loss of approximately 30% of the animals,
                                primarily weakened yearlings and doe. The Pennsylvania Game Commission
                                reduced the herd in 1975 from more than 200 deer to 75 by the use of
                                anesthetizing darts and the transport of the immobilized animals to other
                                state game lands in northwestern Pennsylvania.

                                An annual aerial deer survey was initiated in 1980 to monitor deer
                                populations on Presque Isle State Park.

                                Red fox are known to be breeding suc      ce ssfully on Presque Isle State Park.
                                This is documented by numerous observations by state park and Pennsylvania
                                Game Commission personnel and others. There are no formal population
                                studies to document specific total numbers or trends. Fox populations can be
                                cyclically affected by diseases.

                                Raccoons are commonly observed on Presque Isle State Park. While the state
                                park's raccoon population is subject to normal fluctuations in the population
                                levels, the numbers of raccoons appear to stay consistently high. This is
                                primarily caused by the availability of garbage, artificial feeding, and
                                protection from natural enemies. As documented by the McPherson (1982)
                                study conducted on Presque Isle State Park, turtle egg predation by raccoons
                                occurs in inordinate amounts with possible predation on snake and bird eggs.

                                A population of beavers is prese   nt in the state park. Their presence adds to
                                the diversity of wildlife. However, beaver activity in developed use areas
                                pose problems with fallen trees. Control measures may be implemented to
                                regulate the number of beavers in use areas.

                        1.3.8   Species of Special Concern

                                Birds

                                There are 35 birds listed as Pennsylvania species of special concern in 1994.
                                Of these, the bald eagle, pipingplover, and peregrine falcon are listed as
                                federal endangered. The bald eagle and the piping plover nested on the
                                peninsula as late as the mid-1950s.

                                At least 10 species of special concern rely upon wetland habitat, and at least
                                21 species of special concern rely upon woodlands and/or edges with at
                                least 5 of these relying upon dead trees within or on the edge of woodland
                                habitats. At least 17 species of special concern rely upon open sandy beaches
                                and/or open grasslands, and the remaining species of special concern
                                (breeding, former breeding, visitor, or migrant) rely upon a variety of
                                habitats including open water. Some species, such as the bald eagle, require
                                large undisturbed areas for nesting and feeding.

                                Fish

                                There are 8 fish species listed as Pennsylvania species of special concern
                                found within the Presque Isle Bay and peninsula waters. The mooneye is
                                listed as Pennsylvania extirpated, however, two specimens have been
                                captured and verified by anglers in Presque Isle Bay. These records may be
                                doubtful. The species persists either In Presque Isle State Park or, more
                                likely, has penetrated the eastern basin as transients from western Lake Erie.


                                                               17








                               The blue pike Is listed as extinct. The lake sturgeon is listed as Pennsylvania
                               endangered. Young specimens are occasionally reported in Presque Isle Bay
                               by anglers and adult specimens have been reported caught and released by
                               commercial fishermen in Lake Erie. The Lake Erie Research Unit of the
                               Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission measured a 179 centimeters total
                               length (aged 40+ years by fin ray section) specimen which was washed ashore
                               at North East, Pennsylvania in 1975. The most recent specimen was
                               observed 1991.

                               The eastern sand darter is lis ted as Pennsylvania threatened. The species has
                               a reproducing population along the shores of eastern Lake Erie and most
                               probably near or within Presque Isle State Park, although Its numbers must be
                               greatly diminished. In 1975, a specimen was collected Inside of the bay near
                               the tip of the peninsula, and in Horseshoe Pond in September 1990.

                               There are 4 species listed as Status Indeterminate: Iowa darter, silver chub,
                               lake herring, and the lake whitefish. The Iowa darter Is a glacial relic that is
                               now limited to only two other locations In Pennsylvania outside of Presque
                               Isle State Park. Because of this and its restricted habitat requirements, it is
                               felt the species is very sensitive to habitat deterioration and vulnerable to
                               extirpation in its Pennsylvania range. The Iowa darter is believed to be
                               limited at Presque Isle State Park to the south shore but has also been found
                               in the lagoon across from Misery Bay near the boat livery. Cooper, 1985
                               (Species of Special Concern) indicates that the species is "locally common."
                               Any threat to its habitat in this ecological reserve of Presque Isle State
                               would probably weaken the vitality of this isolated population, and species in
                               Pennsylvania. The silver chub is listed as Status Indeterminate by the
                               Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission although it is considered to be
                               threatened. The silver chub has been reported caught annually in the
                               U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service population assessment exercises in the western
                               basin of Lake Erie. Only one specimen has been reported since 1971 in
                               eastern Lake Erie. Since 1971, a single specimen of lake herring has been
                               captured by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission in Pennsylvania
                               waters of Lake Erie. Isolated occurrences along the beaches of Presque Isle
                               .State Park are possible in the fall and winter. The lake herring prefers cool
                               temperatures and deep water, and consequently is not a likely inhabitant of
                               Presque Isle Bay or peninsula waters. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat
                               Commission has been able to document reproduction of the lake whitefish
                               annually since 1971. Whitefish year classes vary considerably in size, and
                               there are still at least 10 or more age groups in the Lake Erie population, and
                               the limited commercial catch seems to have a minimal effect on stock size.
                               The species contact with Presque Isle State Park is limited to casual
                               excursions from its deep water habitat in spring and fall. Because its
                               numbers are but a fraction of its abundance in the first half of this century,
                               the species status remains undetermined. The occasional large year class,
                               e.g. 1985, seems to suggest possible rehabilitation to higher levels of
                               abundance.


                               Other species of concern include the spotted gar and the bowf in, both are
                               considered rare. The spotted gar is still found in trapnet surveys and other
                               Presque Isle Bay and peninsula water fish collection exercises. Presque Isle
                               Bay and peninsula habitats are the only areas of the spotted gar's
                               Pennsylvania distribution. The bowf in population at Presque Isle State Park
                               appears to be one of the self-substaining ones which thrives in its original
                               Pennsylvania range. The bowfin Is unique among North American fish
                               because it is the sole representative of the order Amilformes.



                                                             18 -









                               Invertebrates

                               Minimal information exists for Presque Isle State Park invertebrates. There
                               are 4 insect species, and 8 species of mollusk listed as Pennsylvania species
                               .of special concern known from Presque Isle State Park.

                               There are 7 species of invertebrates that may or may not be present on
                               Presque Isle State Park because of elimination of their habitats. They are
                               the silver spotted skipper (Eparyureus clarus , the roadside skipper
                               (Amblyscirtes vialls p pepper and salt skipper (Amblyscirtes hegon , regal
                               frillilary (Speyeria idalla , zebra swallowtall (Eurytides marcellus , and the
                               West Virginia white (Artogeia virginiensis). A list of the species of special
                               concern and their Pennsylvania status is located in the Appendix.

                               Amphibians and Reptiles

                               There are two known "herptiles" species listed as Pennsylvania species of
                               special concern in 1986 and no known amphibians or reptiles listed on the
                               Federal Species List. The Blandings' turtle is listed as Pennsylvania
                               Endangered, and the eastern hoghnose snake is listed as Status Indeterminate.

                               Mammals


                               At this time there are no known mammals at Presque Isle State Park
                               currently listed as federal or Pennsylvania species of special concern.
                               However, Keen's little brown bat (Myoti keenii) has been found not far from
                               the pennisula in Millereek Township and is listed as Pennsylvania vulnerable.
                               The prairie deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdil , is a species of
                               special local concern which was collected quite commonly along the beach at
                               the eastern end of the peninsula as late as 1959. Collections made in recent
                               years throughout the county have not yielded any specimens of this mouse.

                  1.4   Recreation Facilities

                        .Presque Isle State Park, located in Pennsylvania!s northwestern corner on the south
                        shore of Lake Erie, is unique in many aspects. It is extremely diverse in its physical
                        make-up and thus its usage. Presque Isle State Park or "the Peninsula" as it is
                        commonly referred to, is many things to many people (Exhibit 1-2). Exhibit is the
                        map being currently used and will be replaced with the new base map at the
                        conclusionof Phase 11 of this project.

                        Presque Isle State Park's usage is most concentrated during the period of late June,
                        July, and August. Swimming/sunbathing Is overwhelmingly the most prevalent
                        activity, accounting for approximately 75% of all visitor recreation during this time.
                        Many of these visitors are from out-of-town and contribute significantly to the
                        tourism industry in Erie. By comparison, all other recreational and educational
                        activities appear to have light participation.

                        The recreational opportunities include picnicking at one of 825 tables, boating using
                        both non-powered and powered craft, water skiing, fishing, limited hunting, hiking,
                        ice fishing, cross-country skiing, bicycling, roller blading, and environmental
                        education opportunities. In conjunction with boating the state park provides six
                        launch ramps, 498 slip marinas, and boat rentals which include canoes, row boats,
                        and motorboats.







                                                            19









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                        A large percentage of the state park visitors come year-round to drive their cars on
                        the peninsula and view the flora and fauna. These are mostly local residents who
                        see the state park as their "country" environment. For the naturalist, the quality of
                        their experiences on Presque Isle State Park rate high among those who come to
                        study and enjoy the ecological environment so unique to this sandspit.

                  1.5   Historical Sites/Structures

                        Presque Isle State Park possesses several types of resources which make it unique
                        within the state park system. Among these are the large number of sites with
                        archaeological potential dating from the periods of French, British, and American
                        military occupation (1753-1825). Of further significance are those buildings and
                        structures which pre-date the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) era (1933-42)
                        during which the vast majority of state park facilities were constructed. While
                        several of these were built by the City of Erie for what came to be known as
                        I'Pumphouse Park," they are now owned by the Commonwealth.

                        There are a total of 30 historic build ings/st ructures/sit es (Exhibit 1-3) which have
                        been documented for Presque Isle State Park. One of the historic buildings is the
                        Presque Isle State Park Lighthouse, which has been listed in the National Register of
                        Historic Places under a nomination submitted by the Historic American Engineering
                        Record Great Lakes Lighthouse Survey in 1979.

                        The following table presents a summary of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum
                        Commission's Historic Resource Survey Forms which are located in the Appendix:

                        1.    Fog Signal Station, ca. 1899.
                        2.    Single Dwelling, ca. 1870. Lighthouse Establishment.
                        3.    Double Dwelling, ca. 1900. Lighthouse Establishment.
                        4.    Pierhead Light, ca. 1819. Lighthouse Establishment.
                        5.    Leo's Boat Livery. 1938.
                        6.    "French Stone Chimney," ca. 1753.
                        7.    British Post, 1760.
                        8.    Crystal Point Blockhouse, 1813.
                        9.    French Blockhouse, ca. 1758.
                        10.   Caviar Factory, ca. 1874.
                        11.   Fire Tower, ca. 1928.
                        12.   Biological Field Laboratory, ca. 1930.
                        13.   "Waterworks" Sawmill, ca. 1921.
                        14.   Thompson Monument, ca. 1931. Park & Harbor Commission.
                        15.   Misery Bay, ca. 1753-1945.
                        16.   Nature Center, "English Cottage" style, ca. 1937.
                        17.   Pumphouse, ca. 1917.
                        18.   Smokehouse Pavilion, ca. 1920. (Cookhouse).
                        19.   Manager's Residence, Former Summer House, ca. 1903.
                        20.   Presque Isle State Park Lighthouse, ca. 1872.
                        21.- 29. Nine Miscellaneous State Park Buildings, ca. 1930.
                        30. Perry Monument, ca. 1926.

                        Presque Isle State Park contains a large area of potentially sensitivity (Exhibit 1-4)
                        in regards to archaeological.








                                                            21












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                                                     41












                                    PARK RESOURCES                 PREPARED          LEGEND           T r a i 1   Park             Parking
                             MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS     DESIGNED BY: KAT                                  Boundary         Lots
                              BUREAU OF STATE PARKS             DRAWN BY: GRJ                         Parks N     Breakwateo       BuildinqT@j
                             OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY       DATE- 10/29/94                        Road        Groins









                   1.6   Shoreline Processes

                         Presque Isle State Park is a compound recurved sand spit that is migrating to the
                         NNE at an, indefinite rate. The origin of Presque Isle State Park is related to a
                         supply of sand and gravels deposited by receding glaciers 10,000 years ago and a lake
                         level that has varied through a hundred feet or more since that time. This supply of
                         sediment has rotated off a clay and bedrock platform that exists to the west of
                         Presque Isle State Park between the current position of the neck and Walnut Creek.

                         The leading edge of the migrating spit (Gull Point) is spilling sand carried the length
                         of the spit into deeper waters. The platform that supports Presque Isle State Park
                         does not extend to the east. Therefore it Is unlikely that Presque Isle State Park
                         will migrate as a spit form any further down the coast. In fact, if left unprotected,
                         Presque Isle State Park would evolve into a "flying spit" and eventually disappear
                         into the deeper waters of the eastern basin of Lake Erie. The apparent "growth" of
                         Gull Point at the distal end of the spit is attributable mainly to a large amount of
                         sand moving down the face of the spit in the late 1920s. This "slug" of sand was
                         available as a result of severe storms and rising lake levels eroding beaches that had
                         accumulated sediment during the quieter times preceding 1925. Gull Point has
                         grown appreciably since 1955. The Army Corps of Engineers nourished the beaches
                         in 1955-56 with four million cubic yards of very fine sand which eroded to the distal
                         end within months of being deposited.

                         Presque Isle State Park is, as a landforin type, an old age geomorphic feature that
                         !1as evolved over time under conditions that are in constant change. The fact that it
                         is migrating with a net annual loss to its existing form is an indication of advancing
                         age. In the case of Presque Isle State Park, such rejuvenation, a sustained increase
                         in the amount of sediment available for growth and/or a significant decrease in the
                         water level of Lake Erie would rejuvenate Presque Isle State Park.

                         1.6.1   Sand Spit Morphology

                                 Sand spits develop when littoral drift plays a predominate role in the system,
                                 provided the drifting sediment enters a zone of slack water where deposition
                                 can occur. Littoral drift is a current that operates along the shore. This
                                 current carries sediment deposited as material eroded from updrift. At
                                 Presque Isle State Park this littoral drift system generally operates in a
                                 southwest to northeast direction.

                                 When there is, in the shore region, a surplus of unconsolidated sediment, the
                                 prevailing currents sweeping the shore (littoral) will carry this sediment along
                                 the shore. This longshore transport system effectively distributed sand and
                                 gravel along the coast. The eroding shore and streams carrying sediment add
                                 to the overall supply along any given reach of shoreline. As long as sediment
                                 is in surplus of the demands of the offshore losses, beaches will persist along
                                 the coast.

                                 Spits form when this moving body of sand enters a zone of slack water; across
                                 the mouth of a bay for example. Or, the spit may form as sediment is carried
                                 lakeward from a headland or an irregular coast. Simple spits build very
                                 quickly in the initial stages because of the shallowness of the nearshore
                                 water. As the spit builds into deeper water, the growth rate diminishes as
                                 more material is needed to provide an ever enlarging base for the above
                                 water accumulation. Incoming waves then have an opportunity to operate at
                                 the growing (distal) end of the spit turning it toward the shoreline behind the
                                 spit. Such a spit takes on a hooked form and is called a hooked, or recurved,
                                 sand spit.


                                                                24









                                 The overall system supplying material to the littoral drift is not uniform.
                                 Coastal erosion and supplies of sediment from streams are intermittent in
                                 character. So it is that when forces tending to elongate the spit in a more or
                                 less straight line prevail, the spit builds lakeward. Later, a period of time
                                 may elapse during which the turning forces prevail. These forces, mostly
                                 waves, cause the otherwise linear form to deflect shoreward. A spit is
                                 produced whose inner side is marked by a series of deflected points
                                 representing this sequence of events. A radical recurvature may begin to
                                 enclose open water producing bays or, close off open waters entirely
                                 producing ponds (lagoons). Such ponds then evolve more or less independently
                                 of the open lake and are the heart of the emerging spit ecosystem. Such spits
                                 are termed compound recurved sand spits.

                                 As the shore feeding the spit erodes, the landward (proximal) end of the spit
                                 recedes with the eroding shoreline. The spit takes on a form where the
                                 proximal end is narrow, expanding into the fuller spit form at the distal end.
                                 This simple shore at the "neck" then behaves as any eroding shoreline with all
                                 remnants of the former spit form removed. The net effect is to cause the
                                 spit to build lakeward farther and farther from shore at its distal end as it
                                 builds in a downshore direction. In simplest terms, the spit is rotating on a
                                 fulcrum lying somewhere between the dista-I and proximal ends. Toward the
                                 proximal end the spit erodes and toward the distal end it accumulates
                                 sediment.

                                 As the shore at the proximal end continues to erode the spit rotates more and
                                 more until an increasing length of the spit is presented to the normal
                                 direction of highest wave energy. The migration of the fulcrum point toward
                                 the distal end causes the spit to ultimately disappear or, when a new
                                 attachment is made to the coast, re-establishes the spit and the cycld begins
                                 anew.


                                 As sand and gravel sweep the lakeward side of the spit, larger waves cast this
                                 sediment many feet above mean water level and smaller waves raise the
                                 surface slightly nearer the water's edge. The spit owes its relief above lake
                                 level to this phenomena. This sediment can be reworked by wind producing
                                 dunes in the backshore.

                                 In the area of Gull Point, dunes first develop on beach berms adjacent to the
                                 beach face accumulating as low, barren ridges. As accretion raises the
                                 elevation of the dunes above the water level, vegetation begins to occupy
                                 these young low ridges and slow the velocity of the wind thus creating a wind
                                 shadow. This results in the accumulation of more wind transported sand
                                 along the ridge which increases the height, length, and width of the dune.
                                 Subsequently denser vegetal growth results in the creation of a still greater
                                 wind shadow which, in turn, aids In the progressive growth of the dune. As
                                 vegetal and dune growth progress, littoral accretion occurs along the beach
                                 face including the development of a new berm and the dune building process
                                 is repeated. The ultimate result is a succession of aligned dunes and
                                 depressions that show a progressive change in dune size and vegetation. The
                                 dunes at Gull Point develop in this manner and are all oriented west-to-east.

                         1.6.2   Captured Dunes

                                 The ridges that can be seen In the forest from the roadway and hiking trails
                                 have exactly the same orientations as the dunes that are developing at the
                                 distal end. In fact, the depressions between these forested ridges contain


                                                                25








                                 sand, pebbles and cobbles of the same characteristics as presently observed
                                 at the distal end. The assumption that these ridges are ancient dunes that
                                 were formed upon the distal end of the spit in the past could be made. These
                                 dunes were preserved by the vegetal cover and provide a history of the.
                                 dynamic change the sandspit experienced through part of its existence. The
                                 ancient dunes are called captured dunes.

                                 Since the processes building the spit operate intermittently, successive
                                 embankments are added as the spit grows lakeward. These successive
                                 embankments may be closely spaced with shallow depressions between. If
                                 these depressions are below water level, the embankments may be separated
                                 by lagoons. These beach ridges are interesting since they mark the geological
                                 growth of the spit. For example, if the ridges are far apart and separated by
                                 deep water, the indication is that the spit experienced significant growth at
                                 the expense of coastal erosion at and beyond the proximal end.

                         1.6.3   Shoreline Dynamics

                                 Shoreline stability in any unprotected natural coastal zone is controlled by
                                 the supply, transfer, and loss of material (McGill, 1980). Sand accumulation
                                 at any point on the shore is equal to the amount of sand in the system minus
                                 the amount lost downshore and/or lost offshore. Presque Isle State Park
                                 persists because the incoming supply of sand is more or less equal to the
                                 amount being lost to other parts of the system.

                                 Rather than being stable for any length of time, the beach is in a process of
                                 dynamic equilibrium through time unless the natural processes are thrown out
                                 of balance by a drastic change in the amount of beach material, changes in
                                 lake level, by storm waves in a 50-100 year event, or various other factors.
                                 The supply of sand to the system originates updrift. The sources are streams
                                 carrying sediment to the littoral and/or material wasted from the shoreline
                                 itself including the sand content of the bluff.

                                 A beach may be temporarily eroded by storm waves and then restored by the
                                 milder constructional wave. In addition, the erosion and accretion patterns
                                 may occur seasonally. The long-term configuration of the beach is totally
                                 dependent on supply. For example, the shore will accrete sand and will
                                 prograde when the rate of supply of sand exceeds the rate of loss.

            2.0    PROJECT INITIATION

                   This section deals with the initiative that was undertaken by the Bureau of State Parks to
                   meet with other state and federal agencies to develop a Geographic Information
                   System (GIS) Program for Presque Isle State Park. This initiative required establishing
                   agreements, setting up training, and specifications for hardware and software.

                   2.1   Geographical Information System

                         Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are basically a set of computer programs that
                         allow the construction, display, and analysis or maps. They are an advanced mode of
                         computerized mapping. The use of maps and other drawings is a common activity
                         shared by all the functions of the Bureau of State Parks. The use of GIS increases
                         the comprehensiveness and efficiency of map use.

                         GIS operat  es first by developing a computerized description of all the information
                         contained on a map or drawing. Each point, line, polygon (area), letter, or number



                                                                26








                       on a map sheet is translated into a series of code numbers (digits) and entered into
                       the computer. This process is referred to as digitizing.

                       The digitized media can be tradit   ional maps or drawings, aerial photographs;
                       satellite images, or digital descriptions of phenomena from surveyorls notes to
                       electronic scanners.

                       GIS main function is the manipulation of the data information in the computer. This
                       is the power of the system. First, a GIS can automatically change scale, combine
                       maps of different scales, add coloration to differentiate features, and add legends
                       and titles to the map without having to redraw or alter photographically the map.
                       This is a major advance in both efficiency and completeness. This frees time for
                       more complex analysis into the problem at hand or for performing other tasks.

                       GIS allows for new information to be generated from the map base with. remarkable
                       savings of time and effort. Calculations of area (acreage of wetlands, open fields),
                       linear distances (miles of fencing, roads, earthworks), slope and aspect, and many
                       other land characteristics can automatically be determined with the GIS.

                       A major strength of GIS is the ability to combine maps and drawings of different
                       scale and themes to develop maps that did not exist previously. For example, a
                       historic vegetation map and a map of present conditions can be automatically
                       combined to produce a new map highlighting areas of similarity and change. This is
                       an extremely useful tool for cultural and natural resource management purposes.

                 2.2   Meetings

                       This project required meetings with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
                       Resources (PA DER), U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Mapping Division (USGS
                       EMD), private vendors, and the National Park Service (NPS) to pull the project
                       together.

                       Initial meetings were held between August, 1992, and March 1993, with PA DER
                       staff from the Bureau of State Parks (BSP), Bureau of Topographic and Geologic
                       Survey (BTGS), Bureau of Information Systems (BIS), and the Comptroller's Office.
                       The purpose of these meetings was to establish purchasing guidelines and to look at
                       time constraints, to insure this system would function with the rest of PA DER
                       computer system programming and responsibality for handling any agreement that
                       may be required. At this time BSP requested BTGS handle agreements with
                       USGS EMD (Exhibit 2-1) since they were handling other joint agreements.

                       Between January 1993, and March 1994, numerous meetings were held with USGS
                       EMD concerning hardware, software, the requirements of the joint agreement
                       between PA DER and USGS EMD, technical assistance,. and what USGS EMD would
                       provide to PA DER in a product form.
                       During 1993 state park staff met with NPS and New Jersey's GIS staff regarding
                       what they are doing, what works, what doesn't, and available resources. The NPS
                       provided state parks with sample GIS programs being used in northeast United
                       States.

                       The final set of meetings with Earth Information Services (EIS) was held from
                       June 1994, to the end of October 1994, to assist state parks with finalizing the
                       program. These meetings were held biweekly with Central Off Ice staff and/or
                       Presque Isle State Park staff.




                                                          27










                  2.3   Agreements

                        In addition to the Memorandum of Understanding of January 1, 1993p between
                        Division of Coastal Programs, Bureau of Land and Water Conservation and the
                        Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey and Bureau of State Parks three other
                        agreements were entered into to complete the project.

                        On May 3, 1993, Joint Funding Agreement (Exhibit 2-1) TGS 92-6 (594PA01709) was
                        signed between the USGS EMD and PA Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey
                        was signed. This agreement provided for technical assistance, in developing GIS
                        program, recommendations for hardware and software components, Digitalortho-
                        quarterquads (DOQQ's)p and digital line graphs (DLG's) and digital elevation modules
                        (DEM's) for the Presque Isle State Park pilot GIS project. The products were
                        furnished to the BSP. in both digital and hardeopy format. The layers of coverage
                        provided included transportation, boundary, hypsography, and hydrology. Two years
                        (1987 and 1993) of DOQQ's were received in hardcopy and image format. All of this
                        data was used in developing the GIS coverages and will be of assistance in the
                        future.

                        The only problem BSP had with USGS EMD was their limited experience with Arc
                        Info and unable to work at a small scale.

                        A second agreement with Planned Dynamics (Exhibit 2-2) for training on using
                        Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment was entered into in July 1994. This
                        equipment was needed to perform additional mapping of features at Presque Isle
                        State Park for when BSP did not have any accurate information on which to create
                        coverages. ,

                        The final agreement was with Earth Information        Service (Exhibit 2-3) for technical
                        assistance. The contract was used to assist the BSP with finding solutions to
                        problems on creating other coverages and writing application for use by Presque Isle
                        State Park's staff.


                  2.4   Equipment

                        This section discusses   the hardware and software purchased to develop a functional
                        GIS program.

                        2.3.1   Hardware

                                The Presque Isle State Park GIS program was set up to have a 486 DX2/66TE
                                Personal Computer and eight pen plotter at Presque Isle State Park. This
                                equipment would be supported by a workstation digitizing tablet,'and
                                486 DX2/66TE personal computer in BSP Central Office, Harrisburg. See
                                Exhibit 2-4 for a complete listing of hardware.

                        2.3.2   Software

                                A combination of software will be used to support the BSP GIS program. Arc
                                Info will be the primary analytic software used for performing major
                                application. The Central Office staff will be responsible for developing the
                                various coverage and applications. Presque Isle State Park will use
                                AreView 2, a product of Are Info, for the mapping and applications at the
                                state park. Arcvlew is a more user friendly software package that requires
                                very little training especially compared to Are Info itself.



                                                              28







                                                                                      EXHIBIT 2-1
                                                                                   LETTER:.,TO BTGS




                                                                   Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
                                                                      Environmental Resources
                                                                           August 27, 1992


                                                                           In reply refer to
                                                                               PF-P-0

            Subject:    Presque Isle GIS Pilot Project
                        Presque Isle State Park


            To:         Donald M. Hoskins, Director
                        Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey


            From:       Roger Fickes, Director
                        Bureau of State Parks



            This in reference to the meeting on August 18, 1992, on the pilot GIS project at Presque
            Isle State Park.


            The Bureau of State Parks would appreciate the Bureau of Topographic and Geologic
            Survey handle the cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey
            and Department of Environmental Resources.

            In regards to the 1:12,000 scale used by the USGS National Mapping Division, this scale
            will be acceptable to the Bureau of State Parks.

            cc:   Presque Isle State Park
                  Park Region 2
                  Tom Baldwin
                  George Burns
                  Frank Haas
                  File - PF-P-0
                  Daily

            RF:KAT:Isk







                                                                                                              EXHIBIT 2-2
                                                                                        USGS AGREEMENT 594 PA 01709


                                                                                                                  TGS-92-6


   Form 9-1366                                                                                                     Enclosure 1
       REV. 6/86)



                                                            GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
                                                         JOINT FUNDING AGREEMENT
                                                                   FOR
   IS AGREEMENT is entered into as of the     22nd       day of  March                1992 by the GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, UNITED STATES
   DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, party of the first part, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Bureau of
   Topographic and Geologic Surve party of  the second part.
   1
       The parties hereto agree that subject to the availability of appropriations and in accordance with their respective
       horities there sha'LL be maintained in cooperation a proiect to collect 1:100,000-scate digital data over the State of
   Pennsylvania herein called the program.

       The following amounts shalt be contributed to cover at( of the cost of the necessary field and office work directly
       tated to this program, but excluding any bureau level general administrative or accounting work in the office of either
   Irty.
       a) $ 94,370 by the party of the first part during the period beginning on the date of this agreement to March 31, 1994.

       (b) $133,845 by the party of the second part during the period beginning on the date of this agreement to March 31, 1994.
   1 '
       (c) Additional amounts by each party during the above period or succeeding periods as may be determined by mutual agreement
           and set forth in an exchange of letters between the parties.
       Expenses incurred in the performance of this program may be paid by either party in conformity with the taws and
   regulations respectively governing each party, provided that so far as may be mutually agreeable all expenses shalt be
   paid in the first instance by the party of the first part with appropriate reimbursement thereafter by the party of the
       ond part. Each party shalt furnish to the other party such statements or reports of expenditures as may be needed to
       isfy fiscal requirements.

   4.  The field and office work pertaining to this program shalt be under the direction of or subject to periodic review by
   an authorized representative of the party of the first part.

       The areas to be included in the program shalt be determined by mutual agreement between the parties hereto or their
       horized representatives. The methods employed in the field and office shalt be those adopted by the party of the first
   part to insure the required standards of accuracy subject to modification by mutual agreement.

       During the progress of the work ail operations of either party pertaining to this program shalt be open to the inspection
       the other party, and if the work is not being carried on in a mutually satisfactory manner, either party, may terminate this
       eement upon 60 days written notice to the other party.

       The original records resulting from this program wilt be deposited in the office of origin of those records. Upon request.,
       ies of the original records will be provided to the office of the other party.

       The maps, records or reports resutting from this program shalt be made available to the public as promptly as possible.
   The maps, records or reports normally will be published bythe party of the first part. However, the party of the second
       t reserves the right to publish the results of this program and, if already published by the party of the first part shalt,
       n request, be furnished by the party of the first part, at cost, impressions suitable for purposes of reproduction similar
   that for which the original copy was prepared. The maps, records or reports published by either party shalt contain a
   statement of.the cooperative relations between the parties.
       Sitting for this agreement will be rendered quarterly on actual expenses. Payments of bills are due within 60 days after
       bitting date. If not paid by the due date, interest will be charged at the current Treasury rate for each 30-day period, or
   Ition thereof, that the payment is delayed beyond the due date (31 USC 3717; Comptroller General File B-212222, August 23, 1983).
                                                                  PENNSYLVANIA DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
                GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
                  UNITED STATES                                   BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC & GEOLOGICva@VRVEY
          DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR                                                            PF-_
                                                                  ByA#-1A1-W%'                                Date
                                                                      @W "f;WW W
                                                                      Ait Ur A. Davis, Secretary
        By 'Zz/                                                   By                                          Date
                GNgUAE AND TITLE)
       ,k-K.--rr c/Anderson, Chief, Eastern Mapping Center

                                         (USE REVERSE SIDE IF ADDITIONAL SIGNATURES ARE REQUIRED)







           APPROVED AS TO LEGALITY AND FORM
                                 



           Office of Attorney General







           Chief Counsel
           Department of Environmental Resources



           Fed. ID #53-0196958




           I herely certify that funds in the
           amount of $133,845 are available
           under appropriation symbol       
           001-035-501-5-0100-00022- (ME91498)
           ME92610







           Comptroller



           APPROVED:





           Secretary, Office of the Budget


           Date




                                                                                                                                                                                              EXHIBIT. 2-3
      VE   OF PENNSYLVANIA                                                                                                                                                          PLANNED DYNAMICS
      ,@*1 - -'k,   REV. 4-03                                                                                                                                                         *         SHOW THIS NUMBER
                                                                        SERVICE PURCHASE CONTRACT                                                                               3101                 ON INVOICE
                                                                                                                                                                           El             sp 249388
                                                                                                                                                                           [] 320
                      I                                                                                   11-tt 10 1 Pi4k) ME        AND I TID CIII-11 It -1. 1,
           O'A@"Co                                                                                                        of Environmental Res                             u
      'rfen           f Environmental Resources                                                           Dept.                                                          o rces
      s      Forestry Administration                                                                      Parks & Forestry Administration
      Fl., Market Street State OffLce Building                                                            P.O. Box 8551                                                                        7 / 5 / 94
      &Jarket Streets                                                                                     Harrisburg, PA 17105-8551                                                       IIIEC.1W DATE
      i urg, PA 17101-2301.                                                                                                                                                                    7 / 21. / 94
      IRS NAAIE AND ADDRESS                                                                               CONTRACTORS FEDERAL 10 O.SOC SEC .10                                                        DAIE
                    Planned Dynamics, Inc.                                                                         22-2781987                                                                  7 / 22 / 94
                    684 E..Main Street                                                                    CONTRACTORS LICENSE OR TIEGISITIATION NO                                        ANTICIPATED OEtIVE11V DATE
                    Middletown, NY 10940


                                                                                                          CONTRACTOR 3 1(LEFN04( NO                                                       CONTRACT NOT 10 EXCEED

                                                                                                IT                                         -7                                                 $       1,400.00
             IT


                                                SeRvIcts PEOLIESIrn                                                                                                                                   IUIAL PINCC


      i      training on Geographic Positioning System
      elthe attached GPS Training Agenda and letter
      d May 27, 1994.










      70                                                                                                                                                           TOTAL                               1,400         _,00
                                                           --iERIA                     D                ITI         S 0                      R              E S E
                                                                                                                                   bi.          NERS               ID AND                   T                          IT IF
      TtCTOR AGREES TO TWE                                                      AW" Cb@ib                                                                                                 AiTACHMEN-TS'
      I      HICH ARE PART OF THIS CONTRACT. THIS CONTRACT IS NOT VALID OR ENFORCEABLE UNTIL FULLY
      :UTED, APPROVED AND DELIVERED TO THE CONTRACTOR.
      D.j;0RAGIlEEMENTS
      r         r agrees to comply with Attachment A, Provisions for Commonwealth Contracts, as
      ched.
      1OKr"'CA",N roo ADD..
             vice is needed to provid,2                                     adequate skills in using Geographic Positioning System'units
      collecting data in real world                                         coordinates. This information is to be downloaded into DER
      uIrs to create various resoitrces management maps and databases.
      AtIMIT                                                     -Xiii I                                _. __..                                 -
                                                                          .1.1 1 1.       AIUHE
      ie Lincoln                   717-783-3309'
      MMorrow                         17-772-1216
      OPT I APP            I YR      LOG,      ORG          COST FUr;     "ON                                   EA!.40VNI or                    PRE-ENCUMDRANCF                      ANIT.QF     PR E-ENC.          COUE0
                                                                                                                  NCUNIBRANCE                          NUMBER                             LICIUMAIED
      F35 134                 94 1 6600 6600                                        152                                                                                                                             140 AUDIT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   PUS I 10-


      ED AGENCY ATTORNEY
                                                                                    DATE                       cokIPT50I.I.En look D[Fatitirl    I                                                 I'Alf


      r jrERA4. COUNSEL VF REOUMED)                                                 OAIE                       A(;tNCY 14EAD MIT OE%I(;Pjlll
      F JORNEV GENERAL [IF REOUIREDI                                                DAT E                      SE C. RE TA 511Y or 7t4r, BUDGET 40" OESIONFEI                                      DAIF





                                                                                                                                                                                         EXHIBIT 2-4
                                                                                                                                                      EARTH INFORMATi6i4--SERVIdE'
           rP&MYLVANLA                                                                                                                                                                                           IS
           I       REV.4-93                                                                                                                                                      4W SHOW THIS NUMBER
                                                                      SERVICE PURCHASE CONTRACT                                                                      IC                         ON INVOICE
                                                                                                                                                                      53101          sP 239162
                                                                                                                                                                      [:1320

 SEAVICE TO JAGENCYI                                                                                  BILL TO IPROY.DE ORIGINAL AND TWO COPIES Of INVO.C91                           PAN NO.
 ,If Environmental Resources                                                                          Dep    t. of Environmental Resources
      of State Parks                                                                                  Bureau of State Parks                                                          DATE PREPARED
 1., Market St. State Office Bldg.                                                                    P 0 Box 8551                                                                     4 /19 /94-
 Ike t S t.                                                                                           Hafrisburg, PA 17105-8551                                                      EFFECTIVE DATE
      urg, PA 17101-2301                                                                                                                                                               6                         94
 TOR 3 NAUE AND  ADORES$                                                                              CONTRACTOR'S FEDERAL 10 NO.1SOC. SEC. NO.                                      TERMINATION DATE
                                                                                                          23-2092961                                                                 12 / 31                     94
         7/24    Earth Infor-S'e'r'vices                                                              CONTRACTOR'S LICENSE 00 REG13TRATION MO.                                       ANTICIPATED DELIVERY DATE
                 1240 N. Mountain Road
                 Harrisburg,. PA 17112

                                                                                                      CONTRACTOWS ft EPHONE NO.                                                      CONTRACT NOT TO EXCEED

            0                                                                                             717-541-0644                                                                   $10,125.00

                                              SERVICES REOUESTED                                                                 OUANTITY                     UNIT PACE                         TOTAL PRICE


       Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages
       dance with the attached Invitation                                                      Bid
 11and Specifications.

         Hour: $45.00








                                                                                                                                                             TOTAL                             10,125.qo
      INACTOR AGREES TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS ON THE REVERSE SIDE AND ATTACHMENTS,                                                                                                                                IF
          HICH ARE PART OF THIS CONTRACT. THIS CONTRACT IS NOT VALID OR ENFORCEABLE UNTIL FULLY
        ED, APPROVED AND DELIVERED TO THE CONTRACTOR.
      31TIONS CIA AGREEMENTS
      1 or agrees to comply with Attachment A, Provisions for Commonwealth Contracts, and
      Lint B, Federal Requirements, as attached.
      0 JUSTIFICATION FOR ABOVE
           expertise necessary to complete preparAtion of GIS in the development of resource
         t GIS's for the entire park system.
                                                    TELEPHONE Od@@S SIGNATURE                                                    DATE
           incoln             717-783-3309                                                                                                     CONTRACTOR 11 TITLE
                                                                                                                                       "If
                                                                                                             A                             PRE-EACUM ANCE                      AMT. OF PRE -ENC.              CODED
      JWT I APP             YR    LDQ       ORG          COST iIJZCT6q I 1          /08                     ENCMAUIVITAIZE                        NUMB   EORR                        LJOUIDATED
      CM 1701              93 7 3940                   00113                    310                              1.000. OF-
                                                                                                                                                                                                              PW- -AUOIT
                                                                                                                 5062.5
      )-35                 94 7 3940                   00113                                                     4062.510
              1701                                                                                                                                                                                            OSTFO
                        RNE                                                     DATE                      COMPTROLLER JOR @ESIGNI E)                                                        DATE
                           (L                                                                  q
                                                                                                                 C                                                      12J44
                                                                                31-0 1
                                                                     1          @@]

      r   ERAL COUNSEL (M-TtEOUIRED)                                            UATE                      A        Ivr9b Ion     0 IGNE                                                     DATE
                                                 AC
      !TTORNEY GENERAL 11F REOW&ED                               JV             DATE                      M@ETARY OF T            BykGET JORAESIONEE)                                       DATE








                                              EXHIBIT 2-5

                                              HARDWARE



          Central Office


               CADD Station

                    Sun Space Station 1PX, MODE/ 4/50GX-16-P43
                    1911 Color Monitor
                    16 MB RAM with 16MB Memory Expansion
                    1.5 GB SCSI Disk Drive
                    Digitizer, Calcomp 95360, 2411 x 36"
                    Raster Flex 24 Bit Graphics Card
                    Sun 2.1 GB Ext Fast SCS12


               Resources Management Section

                    486 Freedom Microprocessor DX2/66MHZ
                    16 MB of RAM
                    300 MB Hard Drive
                    2 MB Video RAM
                    1711 SVGA Color Monitor
                    CD-ROM Reader


          Presque Isle State Park

               NEC PM DX2/GGTE 8 MB RAM, 535 MB
               Multisync 5FG Monitor
               4 MB Simm Upgrade Kit
               Hewlett Packard Plotter, Draft Pro DXL, Size A-D
               Calcomp Digitizer, Drawing Board, 16 Button


























                                                     34








                               Support software to be used by BSP staff includes AutoCadd, Cad Overly, and
                               Soft Desk Civil Survey package. The primary function of the two Cadd
                               packages is to do mapping. The Soft Desk Civil software will be used to
                               create the official boundary map. All of this information will then be
                               exported into Arc Info for use by the state park. This software is not
                               available for use by the park staff.

                  2.5   Training

                        Training was provided to BSP staff by the USGS EMD, Environmental Scientific
                        Research Institute (ESR% Planned Dynamics, and Earth Information Services. All
                        training was geared towards the use of various software and how to apply them in
                        creating coverage.

                        Training performed by the various agencies is listed below:

                        - 120 hours of Introduction to Are Info for three people
                        - 80 hours of Durance Arc Info for three people
                        - 24 hours of UNIX Operating System for three people
                        - 144 hours of GIS Training from USGS EMD for six people
                        - 24 hours of Digitizing Training for four people
                        - 7 5 hours of G PS Training for f ive people

            3.0 DATA COLLECTION


                  3.1   U.& Geological Surv

                        The USGS provided data on a 1-24,000 scale for transportation (roads, pipelines,
                        railroads$ utilities, bridges, parking lots, and trails), boundary lines (state, county,
                        municipality, and government agency boundaries), hypsography (contours), hydro-
                        graphy (lakes, ponds, streams, and wells), man-made structures (buildings thatcan be
                        seen from the air), vegetative (forested areas), and non-vegetative (non-forested
                        areas). Of these layers the only ones that could be used for Presque Isle State Parks
                        project where the boundary, transportation, and hydr.ography coverage. All the
                        other covers were not detailed enough to use at a 1-4,800 scale. Plus there were
                        other sources available to get more detailed information.

                        The DOQQs that were obtained from USGS EMD proved to be of great help for
                        verification of items when a discrepancy or question arose. These photos allowed
                        staff the possibility of seeing the area in question and if need be redigitizing it from
                        the images.

                  3.2   RBA Study

                        The RBA Group was contracted in 1989 to prepare an Environmentally Sensitive
                        Area Study to identify the most Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) within the
                        state park requiring special management consideration. The project approach
                        employed for this study recognized a need to manipulate a large array of existing
                        data at various scales and detail in order to identify the most significant and
                        sensitive natural sites within the state park. The methodology focused on an
                        explicit and replicable process for this identification. A GIS provided the means and
                        flexibility to manipulate the data in a manner which, if done in a traditional hand
                        overly method, would have been overly cumbersome and limited.

                        The methodology for the ESA study was effected in four steps: data collection, data
                        analysis, analysis modeling, and data synthesis. The data collection effort first
                        classified the data gathered using a standard nomenclature. Data useful for


                                                             35 -








                        modeling purposes was then encoded into a uniform grid cell data base addressable
                        by the GIS command language. Data analysis, Step 2, was conducted concurrent
                        with the data collection effort and provided the data sift. Existing available infor-
                          ation regarding the state park's resources was obtained the state park's archives
                        and workshops held with state park researchers and staff. Step 3 involved the
                        M

                        creation of analysis models using the GIS command language. Individual models
                        were developed for each predefined ESA criteria. A composite model identified the
                        most significant areas within the state park or the ESA "hot spots." Step 4 trans-
                        ferred locations highlighted by the composite model to the topographic base map of
                        the state park by correlating the ESA "hot spots" to identifiable ground features,
                        natural community boundaries, and cultural or biological edges. Nineteen discrete
                        ESAs were delineated.

                        An ESA is defined as: An area which contains an ecosystem whose biological and
                        physical integrity, as well as its ecological processes, should be maintained and
                        protected. Within a state park, they are the most significant and sensitive natural
                        sites. They require special consideration in the determination of management
                        actions because of the sensitive features that they contain.

                        All of this data was collected at a 1-9,600 scale in a grid format.

                        For use at Presque Isle State Park this information was taken from a raster format
                        into a vector format for smoother lines and continuity with the GIS program.
                        Exhibit 3-1 shows the numerous critical areas that must be considered when
                        managing Presque Isle State Park.

                  3.3   Global Positioning System (GPS)

                        A method that was tried as part of this project was creating coverage using GPS
                        equipment. The level of accuracy that the hand held GPS units provided the BSP
                        was one of one to two meter accuracy. It has been determined that for most of
                        state park mapping this level of accuracy will be sufficient.

                        A team of four scientific, engineering, and technical interns from the Bureau of
                        State Parks carried out a pilot GPS exercise at Presque Isle State Park. The crew
                        chief used Trimble software to build a data dictionary which outlined the features
                        and attributes that were to be collection. The crew collected data for various
                        features such as: trails, water utilities, PNDI, control points, shorelines, and signs.

                        The trails required the use of an all terrain vehicle (ATV) to GPS their locations. An
                        intern from the state park assisted with finding the trails and driving the ATV. The
                        ATV was also used to complete the shoreline. A state park maintenance person
                        helped one of the interns locate all of the water utilities such as shutoffs, fountains,
                        etc. A team from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History located plants of
                        special concern for the interns to collect data from. The signs were started on our
                        first day at the state park but we soon realized that it would take over a week to
                        get locations for every sign with both professional pathfinders being utilitized. The
                        interns started at 7:30 a.m. and were collecting data within 30 to 40 minutes. The
                        data was down loaded into a PC at lunchtime and at the end of the day. Each
                        evening the batteries were recharged and summaries were computed that outlined
                        any problems or suggestions concerning that days work. The training that we
                        received from Planned Dynamics proved to be satisfactory. The interns were able
                        to solve any problem that arose throughout the week without any outside help. The
                        project was a learning experience and a definite success. The maps that are being
                        compiled from the data will have an accuracy within 1-2 meters of the features that
                        were collected.




                                                             36





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                                                                                                    AICM                                                      1.156.000
                                                                                                            -351.000                    0
                             EU*un=nt211y Sensitive Areas
                                     JESA I        Transport Zone        Darter                     ESA VI        Horseshoe Pond Peninsula                          ESA XI           Crystal Point Mollusk Bad                         ESA
                                     ESX 11        Say fla;rtey                                     ESA VII       Fry's Landing                                     ESA   X11        Marina Drive Promontory                           ESA
                                     1EU Ill       Gull Point Sanctuari                             ESA Vill ,    Ecological Reserve                                ESA   X111       Duck Pond                                         ESA
                                     ESAi IV       Lake Slurgson Channel                            ESA IX        Beach #9 Sandplain                                ESA XIV          Red Maple Swamp                                   ESA
                                     ESZ V         Coast Guanll Flats                               ESA X         Misery Bay Mollusk Bed                            ESA XV           Big Bond
                                                                          -71  T I

                                                                                   44




























































                                                                                                     17-





















                                                                                                              Commonwealth of Nn:uyKrazAa
                                 Presque Isle State Park                                                      Departmeni of EnwortMenfal Resources          *:-4:R. 13 El
                                                                                                              BL.UOaU Of State Parks
                                 EmvUa=entff lly -Siamsidve Area Study








                        The data points were transformed from a PC to a workstation running Arc Info.
                        This process was difficult but staff was able to create coverages with attributes and
                        plot accurate maps. Staff had the option of tracking the data into AutoCad. This
                        process may be more simple than using Arc. This is one avenue that will be explored
                        with future projects.

                  3.4   Hardeopy M

                        This section identifies ways that information is put into the system using existing
                        maps and photographs from any source such as BTGS, Bureau of Facility Design and
                        Construction (BFDC), BSP, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

                        3.4.1   Raster Images

                                This method involves scanning a map, item, design, or photograph into the
                                computer system so it shows up on the monitor. Once you have image staff
                                can use a tracer command to follow specific lines or else the operation can
                                use the cursor to digitize over the elements that are to be captured in the
                                particular coverage.

                                A raster image is made up of a group of cells that represent a point, line, or
                                area as a matrix of values. This term comes directly from digital display
                                which is an area which can individually illuminated from scanning a line. The
                                size of cell dictates the level of resolution. A large cell provides a lower
                                level of resolution. This resolution is reflected in the display. The display
                                will be displayed in straight lines.

                        3.4.2   Vector Image

                                Vector is the other form of image on electronic mapping. Instead of using          a
                                cell as done in raster images vector uses a set of Cartesion (X,Y) coordinate
                                to create the pricture. Lines are created by stringing a set of these
                                coordinate from one point to another, a polygon is created by a string or
                                coorinates having a common start and end points while a point is just X,Y
                                location.

                                This form of image creates a much smoother and accurate picture compared
                                to a raster image. In the past the slowness of creating this image was a
                                disadvantage but advances in technology have pretty much elimated the
                                slowness.

                        3.4.3   Digitizing

                                Reality is best represented by visual images such as maps. Digitizing is the
                                conversion hardcopy maps to electronic digital form. Digitizing assigns
                                electronic codes such that contour lines of maps, for example, are
                                represented by digits which are the language of computers. The most
                                common form of digitizing is the manual tracing with a cursor of a map that
                                has been mounted and registered on a digitizing table. The term is also used
                                to describe the conversion of maps to digital form through scanning or other
                                techniques.

                                This form of data collection uses a digitizing tablet and cursor to enter in
                                points, arcs, or polygons. This information can be in forms such as a map,
                                photograph, or a design.




                                                               38








                         3.4.4  Scanning

                                Graphic elem  ents can also be created by scanning. By measuring the value of
                                light, color, or shading of maps, photographis, drawings, or flat objects a
                                unique machine called a scanner is used to create a raster duplicate.

                                Each cell in the scanned raster image is called a pixel. The density of pixels
                                per inch that the scanner can measure establishes the resolution. PA DER is
                                scanning images at 800 pixels per inch which is good resolution.

                   3.5   Remote Sensing

                         When you combine aerial photography and satellite imaging to create with a digital
                         raster Image or vector image this is called remote sensing. These Images are used
                         to assist in correctly registering other spatial data to real earth coordinates or to
                         produce land use or other theme maps classified to a particular use..

                         When aerial photography is gathered work must be done in the photo to correct for
                         camera angle and terrian changes. This corrected photograph is then called an
                         orthophotograph.

                   3.6   Administrative Records

                         Not all the information for producing coverages is in map form but may be in
                         databases located in park office files. This information for Presque Isle State Park
                         included ground monitoring well location, incident reports, and lifeguard reports.
                         This data can be read by Arc Info to create spatial maps on where the walls are and
                         locations of a high number of incidents. There must be a common link between the
                         database and real world coordinates.

                         The automation of non-graphic data is just as Important to a GIS as the graphic
                         data. This is done using standard data processing methods of entry at a terminal,
                         PC, or workstation.

                   3.7   Coordinate Geometry

                         The final way information was inputted Into Presque Isle State        Park GIS program
                         was through actual entering of coordinate information. This method was used
                         primarily for entering boundary data for centimeter accuracy. The Are Info
                         software computes the coordinate values for the geometric description by using a
                         program called COGO. Another software package that computes coordinate values
                         is Soft Desk Civil Survey software.

                         This program re   quires a defined beginning point which continuing bearings and
                         distances. All of this data is provided to the BSP through surveys completed by
                         BFDC or from deed when the land was acquired.

                   3.8   Other Sources of Data

                         In addition to collecting/gathering information from the USGS EMP the BSP used
                         other sources. Maps from commercial vendors were used for comparison and
                         template, breakwater, baseline, and raster Imaging was obtained from Army Corps
                         of Engineers, utility data was obtained from General Telephone Comapny and
                         Penelec (this Information has not been converted into spatial data for the 92 CZM
                         project but will be done for 93 CZM project), Information from Mill Creek Township
                         and City of Erie regarding the water lines In Presque Isle State Park, information



                                                              39








                        from other Bureaus in PA DER, Soil Conservation SErvice, and National Oceanic and
                        Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

           4.0 Bureau of State Park Map Standards

                  This section contains the standards for producing maps, naming maps, and metadata for
                  Presque Isle State Park as well as the other 113 state parks.

                  4.1   Naming Convention

                        The filename will consist of three letter indentification code for each park it is
                        dealing with (Exhibit 4-1). For example, Presque Isle State Park = PRE. The next
                        three to five letters dictate the type of data or map theme (Exhibit 4-2). This list is
                        not exhaustive. When additional themes are required the name win be approved by
                        BSP GSI coordinator. If a file deals with changing data, eg. moving requires or
                        boundary changes include the month and year (MMYY) in the filename for the time
                        period the file addresses. An example for Presque Isle State Park boundary map
                        PREBY794.

                        For all maps created, the ffra extension must be applied. The BSP standard
                        projection is State Plane, NAD 83 for all final coverages.

                        Once the project, like Presque Isle State Park, Is com  Ipleted the coverages will be
                        moved to a CD ROM for the individual park and copies to the park. In this case
                        Presque Isle State Park will have a.CD in Central Office and a copy of each
                        coverage will be sent to the park. Information will be stored, on a CD because BSP
                        does not have a storage capability on a hard drive for 114 parks.

                  4.2   Metadata

                        Each coverage will have a metadata form (Exhibit 4-3) completed for the coverage
                        as shown in Exhibit 4-4. For Presque Isle State Park a copy of the metadata will be
                        provided to Mike Gagnon, PA DER GIS Coordinator, BIS; Coastal Zone Management;
                        and Presque Isle State Park. This information will be supplied at the conclusion of
                        Phase 11 of this project in 1995.

                        The Resources Management Section maintains a log file (Exhibit 4-5) and GIS MAP
                        File (Exhibit 4-7) for each coverage created at Presque Isle State Park as well as the
                        other parks. A sample of a log sheet (Exhibit 4-6) and GIS MAP File (Exhibit 4-8)
                        for Presque Isle is provided in this report.

                  4.3   Display and Output

                        The biggest advantage of GIS is one's ability to display information in a graphic and
                        tabular form after doing some type of query on the information.

                        Products from a GIS include textual or tabular, maps, and charts and business
                        graphs. When you combine a visual product with the actual data it is the best
                        understood by the user.

                        It is important that the visual maps produced for Presque Isle State Park as well as
                        other parks are always outputted in a standard line coding. Therefore, a standard
                        line type, color and size (Exhibit 4-9) has been established for BSP during the
                        Presque Isle State Park Pilot GIS Project.





                                                            40








                                                       EXHIBIT4-1

                                       STATE PARK CODING FOR NAME


                Code               State Park Name                      Code             State Park Name


            ARC              Archbald Pothole                      GOU              Gouldsboro

            BAL              Bald Eagle                            GRE              Greenwood Furnace
            BEL              Beltzville                            HIR              Hickory Run
            BEN              Bendigo                               HIL              Hillman
            BER              Benjamin Rush                         HIC              Hills Creek
            BIS              Big Spring                            HYR              Hyner Run
            BLA              Black Moshannon                       HYV              Hyner View
            BLU              Blue Knob                             JAC              Jacobsburg Env. Ed.
            BUB              Buchanan's Birthplace                 JEN              Jennings Env. Ed.

            BUC              Bucktall                              KET              Kettle Creek

            CAL              Caledonia                             KEY              Keystone
            CAN              Canoe Creek                           KIN              Kings Gap Env. Ed.
            CHA              Chapman                               KIB              Kinzua Bridge
            CHE              Cherry Springs                        KOO              Kooser

            CLE              Clear Creek                           LAC              Lackawanna

            COD              Codorus                               LAH              Laurel Hill

            COL              Colonel Denning                       LAM              Laurel. Mt.
            COP              Colton Point                          LAR              Laurel Ridge

            coo              Cook Forest                           LAS              Laurel Summit

            cow              Cowan's Gap                           LEH              Lehigh Gorge

            DEL              Delaware Canal                        LEO              Leonard Harrison

            DEN              Denton Hill                           LIN              Linn Run

            ELK              Elk                                   LIB              Little Buffalo

            EVA              Evansburg                             LIP              Little Pine
            FOR              Fort Washington                       LOC              Locust Lake
            FOW              Fowler's Hollow                       LYM              Lyman Run

            FRA              Frances Slocum                        MAU              M. K. Goddard

            FRE              French Creek                          @MAR             Marsh Creek

                             Gifford Pinchot                       MCD              McCalls Dam







                                                              41







                                                     EXHIBIT4-1

                                                       (Continued)


                Code              State Park Name                    Code             State Park Name


           MCM              McConnells Mill                     RID             Ridley Creek
           MEM              Memorial Lake                       RYE             Ryerson Station

           MIL              Milton                              SBE             S. B. Elliott

           MOR              Moraine                             SAL             Salt Springs

           MON              Mont. Alto                          SAM             Samuel S. Lewis

           MTP              Mt. Pisgah                          SHA             Shawnee
           NES              Neshaminy                           SHI             Shikellamy
           NOC              Nockamixon                          SIN             Sinnemahoning

           NOL              Nolde Forest Env. Ed.               SIZ             Sizerville

           NOR              Norristown Farm Park                SUS             Susquehannock
           OHI              Ohiopyle                            SWA             Swatara
           OIL              Oil Creek                           TOB             Tobyhanna
           OLE              Ole Bull                            TRO             Trough Creek

           PAR              Parker Dam                          TUS             Tuscarora

           PIN              Pine Grove Furnace                  TYL             Tyler
           POP              Poe Paddy                           UPP             Upper Pine Bottom
           POV              Poe Valley                          WAR             Warriors Path
           POI              Point                               WHI             Whipple Dam
           PRE              Presque Isle                        WHC             White Clay Creek,

           PRI              Prince Gallitzin                    WOR             Worlds End

           PRL              Promised Land                       YEL             Yellow

           PRP              Prouty Place
           PYM              Pymatuning

           RBW              R. B. Winter

           RAC              Raccoon Creek

           RAL              Ralph Stover
           RAV              Ravensburg

           REE              Reeds Gap

           RIC              Ricketts Glen








                                                           42







                                                            EXHIBIT 4-2

                                                  BUREAU OF STATE PARK

                                                      MAP THEME NAMES


                       Cover Name                      Coverage Description                            Cover Type

                 act                     Activity Areas                                          annotation
                 arch                    Archeological Area                                      poly
                 archp                   Archeological Points                                    point
                 bdmmyr                  Presque Isle Shoreline                                  line
                 bdycor                  Park Corners                                            point
                 bldg                    Buildings                                               Poly
                 bndy                    Park Boundary                                           poly
                 entrl                   Survey Control Points                                   point
                 elec                    Electric                                                point
                 eros                    Erosion Control/Breakwaters                             poly
                 esa                     Environmental Sensitive                                 poly
                 hist                    Historical Sites                                        point
                 hunt                    Hunting Areas                                           poly
                 lots                    Parking Lots                                            poly
                 manhol                  Sanitary Sewer Manholes                                 point
                 Mgt                     Management Units                                        poly
                 olds                    On-lot Disposal Systems                                 point
                 PNDI                    Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory                poly
                 poles                   Telephone/Electric Poles                                point
                 pond                    Lagoons/Ponds                                           poly
                 rail                    Railroads                                               line
                 road                    Roads                                                   line
                 row                     Gas and Oil Lines                                       line
                 sewl                    Sanitary Sewer Lines                                    line
                 sign                    Signs                                                   point
                 soil                    Soils                                                   poly
                 stmsew                  Stormwater Collection System                            line
                 stru                    Structures - Polygons                                   poly
                 strup                   Structures - Points                                     point
                 tank                    Tanks (Underground Stora      ge)                       point
                 tele                    Telephone Lines                                         line
                 topo                    Topography/Contour                                      line
                 trail                   Trails                                                  line
                 valve                   Water Fire, Hydrants, Shutoffs                          point
                 vege                    Vegetation                                              poly
                 water                   Water Distributions Lines                               line
                 well                    Monitor Wells                                           points
                 wet                     Wetlands                                                poly



                                                                     43






                                                            EXHIBIT 4-3
                                                          PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
                                               METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
                                            (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)


                Filename (Data Set)
     PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK                                                    IDENTIFICATION
     Theme Keyword
     Representation Model:
     Transfer Format:

     Data Set Extent:

     Intended Scale of Use:

     Data Set Description:








                                                                                    ACCESS

     Transfer Mode

     Transfer Instructions








                                                                                 PROJECTION

     Projection Name

     Noricontrol Datum
     Projection Units
     Projection



                                                                  44






                                                              EXHIBIT 4-3
                                                            PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
                                                 METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
                                              (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

                 Filename (Data Set)
     PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK                                                           STATUS
     Degree of Completion:
     Completion Status and Data:
     Percentage Complete:
     Degree of Availability:
     Custodial Policy Status:
     Copyright Status:
     Custodial Liability:
                                                                                REFERENCE SECTION

     Revision Dates:

     Review Dates:

     Mandata Contact:
                                                                               SOURCE INFORMATION

     Data Set Name:

     Name of Source:

     Scale and Medium:

     Creator:

     Data of Source Material:
     Source Projection Information:
                                                                                  DATA CUSTODIAN

     Contact Type:
     Contact Person/Title:
     Organization:
     Contact Instructions:


                                                                    45






                                                                             EXHIBIT 4-3
                                                                           PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
                                                             METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
                                                         (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

                  Filename (Data Set)
                Presque Isle State Park                                                      Associated Attribute Tables

                      Table Name                                            Table Description

        1.

        2.

        3.

        4.

        5.

        6.

        7.



        9.

       10.

       11.

       12..

       13.

       14.

       15.

       16.

       17.

       18.

       19.

       20.
       !21.

                                                                                    46






                                                            EXHIBIT 4-3
                                                          PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
                                               METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
                                            (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)
              Filename (Data Set)
            Presque Isle State Park                                     Associated Attribute Tables

                                Begin-
                                  ing                                                Out-
                     Attribute   Col-    Field                               Input   put   Field    Field    Relation
       Table Name      Name      umn     Name       Alternate Field Name     Width  Width Type Decimals        Info.    Descrip.





























                                                                 47






                                                                       EXHIBIT 4-4
                                                                     PREGIS - 1(9/94)
                                                        METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
                                                    (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

                   Filename (Data Set)                                                              SOILS
      PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK                                                                 IDENTIFICATION
      Theme Keyword                                    Soil
      Representation Model:
      Transfer Format:                                 DXF, EOO
      Data Set Extent:                                 131,5400,718000      1340500,740000
      Intended Scale of Use:                               20P00011
      Data Set Description:                            This set includes the four soil types that are present on Presque Isle State Park.







                                                                                                   ACCESS
      Transfer Mode                                    Internet, 8mm tape, 3 1/2 diskette
      Transfer Instructions                            Contact Resources Management Section 717-787-6674 or Internet Tecumseh, PA DER.GOV.







                                                                                                PROJECTION
      Projection Name                                  Soils. Prj
      Noricontrol Datum                                NAD 83
      Projection Units                                 Feet
      Projection                                       State Plane



                                                                              48






                                                                       EXHIBIT 4-4
                                                                     PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
                                                        METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGEk7
                                                    (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBIF)

                   Filename (Data Set)                                                              SOILS
      PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK                                                                      STATUS
      Degree of Completion:                            100%
      Completion Status and Data:                      Final, Final
      Percentage Complete:                             100%
      Degree of Availability:                          100%
      Custodial Policy Status:
      Copyright Status:
      Custodial Liability:
                                                                                            REFERENCE SECTION

      Revision Dates:                                  None
      Review Dates:                                    10-25-94
      Mandata Contact:                                 Keith Taylor
                                                                                           SOURCE INFORMATION

      Data Set Name:                                   Soils
      Name of Source:                                  Soil Survey of Erie County, Pennsylvania
      Scale and Medium:                                1"- 20,00011
      Creator:                                         Jennifer Graves
      Data of Source Material:                         December 1960, 1950 Aerial Pnotuordeny
      Source Projection Information:                   State Plane, West Zonep Trasverse Mercayor, NAD 27
                                                                                             DATA CUSTODIAN

      Contact Type:
      Contact Person/Title:                            Keith Taylor
      Organization:                                    PA Bureau of State Parks, P.O. Box 8551, Harrisburg, PA 17105
      Contact Instructions:                            Phone 717-787-6674, Internet Keith, Telumsth, PA DER, GOV

                                                                              49






                                                                              EXHIBIT 4-4
                                                                            PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
                                                              METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
                                                         (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)

                  Filename (Data Set)                                                                      SOILS
                Presque Isle State Park                                                       Associated Attribute Tables

                      Table Name                                             Table Description                                            Intended Use

       1.   Slope                                    Slope Degrees
       2.    Capability                              Needs and Limitation of the Soils                                     If Sultabl. e for Recreation

       3.

       4.

       5.

       6.

       7.



       9.

      10.

      11.

      12.

      13.
      i4.

      15.

      16.

      17.

      18.

      19.

      20.
      121.

                                                                                      50






                                                            EXHIBIT 4-4
                                                          PREGIS - 1 (9/94)
                                                METADATA FOR GIS COVERAGES
                                            (This Information is Entered into PRESGIS.DBF)
              Filename (Data Set)                                                 SOILS
            Presque Isle State Park                                      Associated Attribute Tables

                                 Begin-
                                  ing                                                Out-
                     Attribute    Col-   Field                               Input    put   Field    Field    Relation
       Table Name      Name       umn    Name       Alternate Field Name     Width   Width Type Decimals        Info.    Descrip.
     Slope          Slope                                                   5       5      C      0                     Range
     Capability     Capability                                                             C      0                     Rating


























                                                                  51






                                                                 EXHIBIT 4-5
                                                               PREGIS - 2 (9/94)
                                                       GIS COVERAGE LOG BOOK

     Proje Name:                            File Description:

                                                                                         Changes, Correctionsp Elections, Additions
           Date                   Name                       Coverage                          Include Geographic Changes


































                                                                      52






                                                                  EXHIBIT 4-6
                                                                PREGIS - 2 (9/94)
                                                        GIS COVERAGE LOG BOOK
     Project Name: PIGIS                     File Descriptlon@. Presque Isle State Park Coverage
                                                                                           Changes,, Correctionsp Electionst Additions
          Date                    Name                        Coverage                            Include Geographic Changes

     9-30-94          Jennifer Graves                 Soils                     NAD 27 to NAD 83 and Attributed
     10-12-94         Gerry Johnston                  Buildings                 Cleaned and Surveyed Buildings


























                                                                        53






                                                                   EXHIBIT 4-7
                                                                 PREGIS - 3 (9194)
                                            GIS MAP FILES FOR BUREAU OF STATE PARKS

             Path            Map File         Date           Date         Project
      Include Sub Directory    GRA          Created        Update        File Name              Description/Purpose              Request By


      2.

      3.

      4.

      5.

      6.

      7.

      8.

      9.

      10.

      11.

      12.

      13.

      14.

      15.

      16.

      17.

      18.

      19.

      20.

      21.

      22.

      23.




                                                                         54






                                                       EXHIBIT4-8
                                                     PREGIS - 3 (9/94)
                                    GIS MAP FI1,ES FOR BUREAU OF STATE PARKS

           Path         Map File      Date        Date       ProJect
    Include Sub Directory GRA       Created      Update     File Name          Description/Purpose        Request By
     1. Data/PIGIS    BASE.GRA      08-25-94    10-24-94               Public Distribution              Harry Leslie
     2. Data/PIGIS    S01L.GRA      10-25-94                           CZM Report                       Greg Schrum

     3.

     4.

     5.

     6.

     7.

     8.

     9.

    10.

    11.

    12.

    13.

    14.

    15.

    16.

    17.

    18.

    19.

    20.

    21.

    22.

    23.




                                                            55









                                                                                     EXMBIT 4-9

                                                                          MAP STANDARDS


                               Coverage                     Symbol Set                    Color             Number                Pen             Comments

                               B NOY
                   Park        .. ........             Cartol.lin                    Black                            826    .70                Default

                   County                              Cartol.lin                    Black                            825    .70
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
                   State                               Cartol.lin                    Black                            116    .35

                   Leas        e                       Carto    1.  lin              BIa  ck                          113    .35

                               LOTS
                                    ................... ................................. ......................... .................... ................................................
                   ,Paved                              Plotter.shd                   Red                              90     .35                Default
                   ....................................... ........... @ a .................._...................... ................... ...............................................
                   Gravel                              Plotter.shd                   Black                            89     .35
                                                       .. .... ....... . .           ..... .                          . . .....
                   .....       .....
                   Tra   iler                          P  lot ter.s h d              Blu  e                           92     .50
                   ...................................... .......................... -- *-*   .............. ............ ...... ................... ...........................
                   Turf                                Plotter.shd                   Green                            91     .50

                               PNDI

                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... .................... ............................
                   Wildlife                            Cartol.shd                    Violet                           725    .50
                                       ...........                                   ......*..... --  ......                      ......            ......
                   Fish                                Cartol.shd                    Blue                             425    .50
                   ............ . ...                  .......... .. .....           .. .......                                                 ............
                   .Terrest    .rial                   Carto    1.  shd              Green                            325      50               Default

                   Historic                            Cartol.shd                    Brown                            525    .50
                   ....................................... ......................         .. .............. .................. ..... ............. ...........................
                   Community                           Cartol.shd                                                     625    .50
                   ....................................... .... ........................... ...............   .............. ................... ............................
                   Bndy Corn                           Municipal.mrk                 Black                            129    .35                Default

                               CNTRL

                   Benchmark                           Oilgas.mrk                    Blue                             426    .50
                   ................. .                                               .. .......
                   Monument         s                  Oil  ga  s. mrk               Green                            326    .50
                                                                             ...... ..................                ........... ................... ............................
                   Survey Pts                          Oilgas.mrk                    Red                              226    .35                Default    ,
                   ....................................... ......................
                   Army Corps                          Oilgas.mrk

                               TANK

                                                       Municipal.mrk                 Red                              238    .35
                   - A-- - b--o  ... v- e-- g--r- o-. u. n. d- ................. .. . . ...... . . .................. .......... . . ..... .
                   ......................................I................................ ......................... .................... ................... ...........................
                   Underground                         Municipal.mrk                 Black                            138    .35                Default
                                          ............. .......
                   Struct                              Mineral.mrk                   Red                              222    .35                Point
                               ...............                                                                  ...........



                   ....................................... .........................          .............. ................... ..... ............. ...........................
                                                       Plotter3.lin                  Brown                            601    .50                Poly

                               ROADS
                   ....................................................................... ......................... .................... ................... ............................
                   Primary                             Plotter3.lIn                  Red                              70     @.35               Default
                   ....................................... ........ .......................I.................. ....... ....................  .. .......................
                   Secondary                           Plotter3.lIn                                                   42       50


                                                                                              56









                              Coverage                     Symbol Set                          Color         Number                Pen            Com     ments

                   Unim Gravel                          Plotter3.lin                                                    37     .50

                   Improve Gravel                       Plotter3.1in                                                    38     .50
                                                                                    ......................... .................... ................... .............................

                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................................................
                   Dirt                                 Plotter3.lin                Brown                               549    .50

                   Ab   a  nd on  ed
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
                   Joint                                Plotter3.lin                Red                                 74     .35
                      ................................... ......................               .............. .......... ........ ..... ............. ............................
                   Ad   m  inistrat  ive                Plot ter3     li   n        V! o  I    et                       741    50
                   ". *. .. ............ .....          .. .... ...... ... .        ... . ...                           ...    .....
                   Fire                                 Plotter3.1in                Magenta                             649    .50

                              SE  W  ER

                              .... .. .....
                   Park                                 Plotter3.lin                Brown                               589    .50               Default

                   Public                               Plotter3.1in                Magenta                             689    .50
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
                   Manhole                              Municipal.mrk               Blue                                429    .50
                   ....................................... ........................... ............*............ ................... ................... ...........................
                   Lift Station                         Municipal. mrk              Blue                                434    .50

                                  SIGN

                           ............                             ........                                      .......                                       ..........
                   Traff le                             Plotterl.mrk                                                    22     .50               Def ault

                   ....................................... ............................... ......................... .................... ...............................................
                   Trails                               Plotterl.mrk                Brown                               521    .50
                                                                                                             .............         ...... *,:* .. ....
                   Regulatory                           Plotterl.mrk                                                    24     .50
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ................  .........
                   Bulletin Bd                          Plotterl.mrk                                                    21     .50
                   ....................................... ..........................          ..... .......... ................... ......... ......... ...........................
                   Information                          Plotterl.mrk                Magenta                             621    .50

                              TRAILS

                                                ...... ........
                   Snowmobile                           Plotter3.1in                Magenta                             677    .50
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ................... ............................
                   Hiking                               Plotter3.lin                Green                               79     .50               Default
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
                   Bicycling                            Plotter3.lin                Brown                               577    .50

                                  ATV                                               Black                               77     .35
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ................... ...........................
                   Cross Country                        Plotter3.lin                Violet                              777    .50
                   ....................................... .........
                   Equestrian                           P I o t t"e"r"' 3*'.' "1 i                                             3 5
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
                   Multi-Use                            Plotter3.lin                Blue                                80     .50

                                                                                    ... ... .                           ...    .....
                      _o w- n- -h- i-1-1. ... S_ -k- i i. n.. g- ............ .. P. I- o__ it. e._ -r- 3--.- -1 1-n ........... -Black ............... ......... 8.7.7 ..... .. 50 ............. ...........................
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
                   Vege                                 Plotter.lin                 Green                               7      .50               Default
                                           .............. ......
                                                                                                                               .....             ............
                                                        Plo           l-i-n         B. -r-     w.n.............. ......... 5-0-1 ...... .. 50 ............. Default .............

                              WATER
                   -Park-L-1-n-e  ...................... .Carto.1n...mrk   ......... .B1.u_e   ................. .......... 4.0-6 ..... .. 50 ............. -Default ..............
                   ....................................... ......................       .. ...............   ................... ................... ............................
                   Public Line                          Carto.lin                   Blue                                405    .50
                   .Hydrants      ....................... .P-Iot-ter.mrk   .......... .B1.u_e  ................. ........... 7*0"'  .... ..................................

                                                                                               57









                                 Coverage                  Symbol Set                        Color          Number                Pen             Comments

                   Wells                               Plotter.mrk                     Blue                            92     .50

                                         ............. ................................ ......................... .................... ................... ............................
                   'Fount'ain    ...                   Plotter.mrk                     Blue                            100    .50

                   ............  I.......................... ................................ ................................ ............. ...............................................
                   Shutoff                             Plotter.mrk                     Blue                            76     .50              Default

                                 WELLS

                   ....................................... ..............................                        ......                                          ........
                   Gas                                 Plotter.mrk                     Green                           91     .50
                   *0il             -** ..........     P  ,lot,ter.'  mrk    ..... .   R*e,d                           9*0... .50 ... *"**  ...... .......
                   Monitor                             Plotter.mrk                     Black                           89     .50              Def ault

                   Wetlands                            Plotter.lin                     Green                           95     .50              Def ault
                                                                                                                                                        ....................
                   Ponds                               Plotter.lin                     Blue                            88     .50              Def ault

                                 EROSI ON

                                 .. ........ .....
                   Breakwaters                         Plotter.shd                     Red                             85     .35
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
                   Groins                              Plotter.shd                     Brown                           561    .50              Def ault
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
                   Getty                               Plotter.shd                     Red                             62     .38
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
                   Rip Rap                             Plotter.shd                     Violet                          761    .50
                   ....................................... .....................       ...... ............... ................... .................... ...........................
                   Gabion                              Plotter.shd                     Black                           61     .35

                                 HUNT

                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ................................................
                   No Hunt                             Plotter.shd                                                     65

                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... .... ...............I...........................
                   Safety                              Plotter.shd                                                     66
                   ....................................... ................................ ......... ............... .................... ................... ............................
                   Duck Blinds                                                                                         67

                                 TOPOGRAPHY

                   ....................................... ................................ ..... ................... .................... ................................................
                   Contours                            Carto.lin                       Green                           317    .50              Default
                   ....................................... ................................ ..... ................... .................... .................... ............................
                   ESA           TELEPHONE             Carto.snd                       Green                           325    .50              Default

                   Underground                         Plotter3.1in                    Brown                           521    .50
                   .. . . . . ...........              .... .. ...... ..                                               ...    .....
                   A b           oveground             P  lot ter3   Ii n                      a                       721    .50

                                 ELECTRIC
                   ......... .. ........
                                                       .. .... ...... ..               .. .......
                   Park          Above                 P  lot ter3   Ii n              Green                           99     50
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ............................
                   Park Under                          Plotter3.1in                    Blue                            100    .50
                   - P-- u-- b-- .1 1-c ....A... b. o- v- e- ................ -P. .1 o- t--t. e- r- 3.... -1 in ............ ..R... e. d- .................. ...........9.8..... .. 35 ............. ............................
                   ....................................... ............................... ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
                   Public Under                        Plotter3.1in                    Brown                           597    .50              Default
                   -Met-ey       ............................ M-u-n-lclpal.-m-rk ...... .BI-a-e-k ............... ......... 1.1-3--..- -.35 ............. ...........................
                   ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ..........................
                   Pole                                Municipal.mrk                   Black                           109    .35
                   .............. .. . .               ... . . .. ...... .. ...        ......                          ...    .....
                   Transfor      m er                  M  un  1cipal.   m  rk          BIa   ck                        106    35


                                                                                             58









                                 Coverage                   Symbol Set                        Color           Number              Pen             Comments

                    Cut Off                            Municipal.mrk                Black                         102         .35

                                 R-0-  W

                                 ........ ..
                    Gas                                Plotter3.1in                 Violet                        793         .50

                    Oil                                Plotter3.lin                 Magenta                       693         .50               Default

                                 HISTORIC

                    Buildings                          Mineral.mrk                  Red                           221         .35               Default
                    ....................................... ................................ ......................... ................... ................... ...........................
                                                                                                   ........ .....  **-*- .... ........                       ............



                    Structures                         Mineral.mrk                  Blue                          421         .50

                                                                                                                                                          ................
                    Sites                              Mineral.mrk                  Green                         321         .50

                    ....................................... ......................            .............. ................... ..... ..I.......... ...........................
                    Districts                          Plotter.shd                  Violet                        757         .50

                                 MGT UNITS
                    ....................................... ................................ ......................I.. .................... ................... .....I ......................
                    Lakes                              Plotterl.shd                 Blue                            80        .50

                    Day-Use                            Plotterl.shd                 Red                             66        .35
                    ....................................... ................................ .....I................... ................... ................... ...........................
                    Overnight                          Plotterl.shd                 Brown                         565         .50
                    -............                                                             ........
                    LDA                                Plotterl.shd                 Magenta                       665         .50
                    ....................................... ...................... -*-- -**   ...*. .............. ................... ................... ...........................
                    Administrative                     Plotterl.shd                 Violet                        765         .50
                    ....................................... ................................ .....I................... ................... ...........        ......
                    Nat. Area                          Plotterl.shd                 Green                           79        .50

                                 ON-LOT

                    Septic                             Plotterl.shd                 Black                           57        .35               Def ault
                    ..........                         .. .... ...... .. . .        ....
                    Leech                              P lot  terl        shd       Brow      n                   5 5    7    50
                    ....................................... ................................ .....I................... .................... ................................................
                    Sand Mound                         Plotterl.shd                 Green                           59        .50

                                 RAILROAD
                    ............................ .......... ................................ .....I................... .................... ................... ...........................
                    Active                             Plotter3.lln                 Red                             86        .35               Def ault
                    ........ .....                     .. .... ...... ..
                    -Inact-ive   ........I   .......... .P.lot.ter3       .Ii.n........... .Brow.n............. ..........5.8.8..... .. 50 ... .......... ..................  .........

                    ARCHAEOLOGICAL
                    M_ ... e- d__ I u- ...m...............I.......... ... C_ a-- r--t- o. ..-I-i n. ................ .. B_ Iu-e ................. .......... 4.2-5 ..... .. 50 ............. ............................
                    ....................................... ................................ .....I...................I................... ................... ............................
                    High                               Carto.lin                    Red                           225         .35

                                 BUILDINGS
                    ....................................... ................................ .....I................... .................... ................... ............................
                    Administrative                     Cartol.shd                   Red                           221         .35
                    -Pulbl-le    .......................... .Cartol...snd ............. .Vi-o-let .............. .......... 7.2-1 ..... .. 50 ............. .Def ault ..............
                    ....................................... ................................ .....I................... ................... ................... ............................
                    Residence                          Cartol.shd                   Green                         321         .50
                                    .................... ............... ................ ......................... .................. ................... ...........................
                    -Lease---                          Cartol.shd                   Magenta                       621         .50
                    ....................................... ................................ ......................... .................... ........ .......... ...........................
                    Private--                          Cartol.shd                   Black                         121         .35
                                 e
                  @Le            .........
                    Pr           ate
                       iv                             I
                       e7au      t sthe standard used when not plMing all the individual attributes in e&ach covera-g-e.---a


                                                                                              59








                       These specifications are meant to be dynamic, refined, and adjusted with experience
                       as the initial program is developed within BSP. The original color, line, and size has
                       been developed for use with a eight pen plotter. If the BSP upgrades to an inkjet
                       plotter revisions will have to be made because of the additional flexibility.

           5.0   Budget

                 The budget for the project was divided Into three areas. Approximately 55% of the initial
                 budget went to map preparation and the remaining 45% was to be spent on equipment and
                 technical services. Exhibit 5-1 shows the proposed budget and actual expenditures.

           6.0   System Evaluation

                 This section discusses the system development, capability of producing up-to-date base
                 maps, utility in normal day-to-day operationp applicability to other resources agencies,
                 and future recommendations for applications.

                 6.1   Development

                       The development of Presque Isle State Park GIB program has progressed fairly well
                       since BSP, Resource Management Section staff did not know what a GIB program
                       was two years ago. The first year of the project was just a learning experience and
                       acquiring hardware and software. At the end of the first year BSP realized that GIB
                       was a very powerful system that could save money and time as well as be a terrific
                       management tool. It was also noted that developing a GIB program is a major task.
                       The next step was to establish what would be the basic coverages for Presque Isle
                       State Park (Exhibit 6-1). The second year of project was devoted to developing the
                       coverages and writing problems with the coverages. Exhibit 6-2 shows the status of
                       the coverages as of October, 1994. As noted, all of coverages are not completed but
                       are scheduled to be finished with the available information with the Phase Il CZM
                       project for the completion of the pilot GIB program. Phase 11 includes the
                       enhancement of existing coverages, additional coverages, and applications.

                       As a basic GIB program has been developed for Presque Isle State Park, it is far
                       from being completed. There are so many applications, advances in technology, and
                       additional data needed that the project will never be complete but continue to grow
                       and be enhanced.

                 6.2   Base Map

                       The primary objective of the project was to have the ability to produce an accurate
                       base map for Presque Isle State Park. This objective was met with success above
                       the BSP of expectations. Originally BSP figured on digitizing the new boundary of
                       Presque Isle State Park from the 1-4001 serial photography the U.S. Army Corp of
                       Engineers provides for April, July, and October annually. This would have enabled
                       BSP to have a new boundary for the base map within 90 days. However, another
                       avenue that was tried during the summer of 1994 was to GPS the shoreline. This
                       method proved to be very acceptable to BSP and allows for a new base miap within a
                       day. In addition, BSP will be able to create a boundary map anytime they need it,
                       for example a major storm batters the shoreline and causes major changes shoreline
                       changes. Exhibit 6-3 shows a base map with a 1993 boundary. The base map does
                       not have all the names of the roads, trails, etc. because of the large scale it would
                       be really cluttered. In the Appendix is the same base map drawn at a smaller scale
                       using the same Information. Total time to produce these maps was less than 1 hour.
                       If BSP was to do this, the Ink and pen method it would have taken two weeks.




                                                           60







                                                     EXHIBIT 5-1

                                            92 CZM GRANT BUDGET



              Work Elements                          Planned Costs               Actual Expenditures
              Technical Services                     $     30,000.00                 $    32p5l4.30
              Map Preparation                             117pOOO.OO                    113,605.28
              GIS Equipment                                50,000.00                      51,207.44
                    Total                            $    197,000.00                    197.327.02


                         Funding Source                                      Amount
                         Federal Share (CZM)                              $    50,000.00
                         State Funds (BSP)                                    116,682.25
                         Oil and Gas Funds                                     30v644.77
                         Other

                               Total                                      $   197,327.02


                                                      Summary

                         GIS Equipment                                       Amount
                               Hardware                                   $    35,655.25
                               Software                                        14,705.00
                               Supplies                                            847.19
                               Total                                      $    51,207.44


                         Technical Services                                  Amount
                               ERSI                                       $     70500.00
                               USGS                                            15,000.00
                               EIS                                              6,062.50
                               Miscellaneous                                    2,551.80
                               Planned Dynamics                                 1,450.00
                               Total                                           32,514.30


                         Map Preparation                                     Amount
                               USGS                                       $   103,845.00
                               Travel to Presque Isle State Park
                               to do Mapping                                    1,540.52
                               Hired Staff to Create Maps                       6,844.66
                               Planned Dynamics GPS                             1,375.00
                               Total                                          113,605.28




                                                           61









                                                      EXIBBIT 6-1

                                              COVERAGE CONTENTS

                                    Types ofInformation Contained in Fall Coverage


            *Activity Areas (ACT)                                 *Historic Sites (HIST)

                  A.    Guarded Beach Boundaries                        A.    Buildings
                  B.    Research Permit Locations                       B.    Structures
                  C.    Picnic Area                                     C.    Districts
                  D.    Ball Fields                                     D.    Sites
                  E.    Boat Storage Spaces
                  F.    Valleyball Areas                          *Management Units (MGT)

            *Archaeological Points (ARCHX)                              A.    Resource Management Units
                                                                              From the Resource Plan
                  A.    Points

            *Archaeological Areas (ARCH)                          *On-Line Disposal System (OLDS)

                  A.    Areas                                           A.    Septic Tanks
                                                                        B.    Leech Fields
            *Buildings (BLDG)                                           C.    Sand Mounds

                  A.    Administrative                            *Railroads (RAIL)
                  B.    Public
                  C.    Residences                                      A.    Active
                  D.    Lease                                           B.    Inactive
                  E.    Private
                                                                  *Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory
            *Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA)                    (PNDI)

                  Areas of Natural Resource Interest                    A.    Wildlif e
            *Electric (ELEC                                             B.    Fish     al
                                                                        C.    Terrestri
                                                                        D.    Historic Areas
                  A.    Park Lines                                      E.    Natural Communities
                        1.      Aboveground
                        2.      Underground                       *Park Boundary (BNDY)
                  B.    Public Lines
                        1.      Aboveground                             A.    Park Boundary
                        2.      Underground                             B.    Township/Borough
                                                                        C.    County/State
            *Electrical Points (ELECX)                                  D.    Lease

                  A.    Transformers                              *Park Boundary Description (BDYCOR)
                  B.    Meters
                  C.    Cutoffs                                         A.    Corner Numbers
                                                                        B.    Bearings
            *Rights-of-Ways/Easements (ROW                              C.    Corner Description

                  A., Gas
                  B.    Oil





                                                             62









                                                          EXMBIT 6-1

                                                           (Continued)


             *Parking Lots (LOTS)                                       *Structures Point (STRUP)

                    A.    Paved                                               A.     Picnic Tables (optional)
                    B.    Gravel                                              B.     Park Benches
                    C.    Trailers                                            C.     Memorials
                                                                              D.     Charcoal Grills
             *Roads (ROAD)                                                    E.     Radio Towers
                                                                              F.     Monuments
                    A.    Primary                                             G.     Train Cans
                    B.    Secondary                                           H.     Dumpsters
                    C.    Gravel Improved                                     1.     Lifeguard Chairs
                    D.    Gravel Unimproved                                   J.     Bouys
                    E.    Dirt .
                    F.    Abandoned                                     *Structures (STRU)
                    G.    Joint
                    H.    Administrative                                      A.     Docks
                    I.    Fire                                                B.     Marina Piers
                                                                              C.     Gates
             *Sanitary Sewer System (SEWL)                                    D.     Underwater Hazards
                                                                              E.     Bridges
                    A.    Park Line                                                  1.      Pedestrian
                    B.    Public Line                                                2.      Vehicular
                                                                                             a.    One Lane
             *Sanitary Sewer System Points (SEWX)                                            b.    Two Lane
                                                                                             C.    Four Lane
                    A.    Manholes                                                   3.      Combination
                    B.    Lift Station                                  *All Tanks (TANK)
             *SurVey Control Points (CNTRL)
                                                                              A.     Underground
                    A.    Benchmarks                                          B.     Aboveground
                    B.    Monuments
                    C.    Survey Control Points                         *Trails (TRAIL)
                    D.    Army Corp Control Point      Is                     A.     Snowmobile
             *Soils (BOIL)                                                    B.     Hiking
                                                                              C.     Bicycling
                    A.    Sol! Survey Information                                    1.      Mountain Bike
                                                                                     2.      Standard Bike
             *Signs (SIGN)                                                    D.     ATV
                                                                              E.     Cross Country Skiing
                    A.    Traff ic                                            F.     Equestrian
                    B.    Trails                                              G.     Multi-use
                    C.    Information                                         H.     Exercise
                    D.    Regulatory                                          1.     Downhill Skiing
                    E.    Bulletin Board









                                                                  63









                                                   EXIHBIT 6-1

                                                    (Continued)


           *Vegetation (VEGE)                                 *Topography (TbPD)

                 A.   Overstory                                     A.   Contour Lines
                 B.   Understory
                 C.   Exotic Species                          *Telephones (TELE)

           *Water System and Distribution (WATERX)                  A.   Telephone Lines
                                                                         1.     Aboveground.
                 A.   Park                                               2.     Underground
                      1.     Hydrants
                      2.     Wells
                      3.     Fountains
                      4.     Shutoffs
                 B.   Public


            Water System and Distribution (WATER)

                 A.   Park
                 B.   Public

           *Wells (WELL)

                 A.   Ground Monitor Wells
                 B.   Gas Wells
                 C.   Oil Wells


           *Wetlands (WET)

           *Ponds (POND)

                 A.   Lagoons
                 B.   Ponds


           *Erosion Control (EROS)


                 A,   Breakwaters
                 B.   Groins
                 C.   Jettys
                 D.   Rip Rap
                 E.   Gabion Baskets

           *Hunting (HUNT)

                 A.   No Hunting Areas
                 B.   Safety Zones
                 C.   Duck Blinds










                                                          64







                                                                                                                                                                                                      EXHIBIT 6-2
                                                                                                                                                          PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK STATUS REPORT
                                                                                               Presque Isle Coverage Status


      Presque Isle Status Repor
      Report Date: 10/26/94
                     Coverage                      Cover          Cover                                      Rubber          Build/
                    Disedplu                       Name           TyM          D*g*t*7,ed &qjectedl          Sheeted       Cleaned Attributed,                             fmments


      Activity Areas                          bndry          annotation           n/a
      Archeological Areas                     Archepol       poly                 no                                                                   data collected from museum
      Archeological Points                    Archepoi       point                no
      Breakwaters                             brkwater       point                yes            yes            yes            yes      not needed
      Buildims                                bldgs          poly              8/10/94           yes            yes            yes            yes      have some GPS bldgs to add
      Electric                                electric       point                no
      Environ. Sensitive                      Environ        poly                 no                                                                   need the 12 areas ID in Ohio report
      Gas & Oil Lines                         Utilines       line                 no.
      Groins                                  groins         line    -yes                        yes            yes            yes            yes
      Historical Sites                        Historic       point                no
      Laaoons/breakwater                      lagoons        poly           yes                                          yes            yes
      Management Units                        man-unit       poly                 n                                                     L              can be created from vegetation map
      On-lot Disposal Systems                 olds           point                no
      PA Natural Diversity Inventory          PNDI           poly              gps data                                                                hold for Phase II: use ESA's
      Park Boundary                           bndyspfn8      poly              8/10/94           yes            yes            yes            yes
      Park Comers                             bndrycor       point                no                                                                                 ble
      Parking Lots                 -parking                     oly               yes            yes           'yes            yes            yes      I
      Railroads                               Rails          line                 n/a                                                                  none in Presque Isle Park
      Roads                                   roadutmol      line                 yes            yes            yes            yes            yes
      Sanitary Sewer lines                    Sansew         line                 no
      Sanitary Sewer Manholes                 Manholes       point                no
      Signs                                   signs          point                yes            yes                           yes            yes
      soils                                   soils          poly                 yes            yes            yes            yes            yes      needs attribs, from anno
      Stormwater Collection System            Strmsew        line                 n/a            n/a            n/a            n/a            n/a      none in Presque Isle Park
      structures - Points                     strucpoi       point                no-            yes            yes            yes            no
      Structures - Polygons                   strupol        poly                 no             yes            yes            yes            no
      Survey Control Points                   srvcntrI       point                yes
      Tanks (Underground Storage)             tanks          point                no
      Trails                                  trails         line                 yes            yes            yes            yes            yes
      vegetation                        -vege                poly                 yes            yes            yes            no             yes      need look-up table
      water distribution lines                Water          line                 no
      water fire hydrants                     Hydrants       point                yes            yes            yes            yes            yes      Combine into one coverage
      Water supply wells                      Wells                               n/a                                                                  none in Presque Isle Park
                                                                01
      wetlands                                wetlands                                                                                                                               ion


                                                                                                   mpico@slm m                                                          m m m@









                    6.3   Erosion/Deposition

                          one of the primary application of the Presque Isle State Park GIS program is
                          to figure the amount of sand deposition and erosion. Exhibit 6-4 is the
                          program in Arc Info that figures the amount of sand lost and gained and
                          shows you where it occurred. Exhibit 6-5 is the result of running this
                          application and comparing shoreline changes between July 1987 and April
                          1993.

                          This program will be converted to Are View 2 and designed as a pull down
                          menu for use by the park.

                    6.4   Special Maps

                          The biggest visual ability of Presque Isle State Park staff with the GIS
                          program is to produce any type of map at any scale using a mix of the
                          available coverages. For example, listed below are maps that could be
                          produced for the public or park use.


                                        Group                      Coverages Used

                                 Boaters              Hydrographic and Base
                                 Hunters              Facilities, Topographic, and Hunting
                                 Utility Companies    Facilities, Vegetation, Wetland, Soils,
                                                      Topographic, Archaeological, and
                                                      Rights-of-Way
                                 Hikers               Topographic, Facility, and Water
                                 Fisherman            Topographic and Hydro
                                 Researchers          Vegetation, Soils, and PNDI
                                 Contractors          Geology, Topographic, and Hodry,
                                                      Arenaelogical
                                 Maintenance Staff    Gralls, Vegetation (Query done on what
                                                      was mowed In the last 3 weeks)
                                 Park Rangers         Roads, Trails (To show patrol routes)
                                                      Buildings


                    6.5   EnvironmentaUy Sensitive Area

                          The Environmentally Sensitive Area Coverage was created using existing
                          mapped data produced in the RBA Group Study of 1989. Digital data files
                          produced for the RBA study were acquired in a raster OSU-MAP format. In
                          order to import the files Into Arc Info, a second GIS package called IDRISI
                          (produced by Clark University) was used to convert the OSU-MAP files to Are
                          Info format.






                                                         66






























                                                                                       OF







                                                                                            t



































                                                                PREPARED
                                  PARK RESOURCES
                                                                                LEGEND rT-,' Trail          Park            Breakwate
                           MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS   DESIGNED BY: KAT               L111,111j,        Boundary       Groins
                            BUREAU OF STATE PARKS           DRAWN BY: Taylor                    Park
                                                                                                     s F-1   Structurg Parking
                           OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY F-nATi:. 10/29/94                       Road                        Lots










                                                  EXMBIT 6-4

                                               SHORELINEAML



              Purpose:   Determines the shoreline change given two shoreline polygon coverage. The
                         change is reported in acres for accretion and erosion. Each of the input
                         coverage representing the boundaries of the park should have only two
                         polygons, the universe polygons and one polygon representing the park
                         boundary. Each time the aml is run two new coverage are produced called
                         accrt_<year> and erosn  - <year>. If you want to preserve these coverage
                         rename them before running the aml a second time. The aml will check if
                         they exist and delete them before executing.

              History:   Sally Holbert, March 1, 1994, Original Coding.


              Coverage
              ACCRT %date% - Coverage resulting from the identity command that contains polygons
              represeRing accretion.
              EROSN  -%date% - Coverage resulting from the identity command that contains polygons
              representing erosion.

              &type 'This aml requires two input polygon coverages representing the boundary'
              &type 'of Presquelsle State Park. There should only be two polygons In each'
              &type 'polygon coverage.'

                    Determine the amount of acretion.
              &sv date = Ores 9onse 'What is the year of the newest boundary file:6
              &sv inputcov = response 'Enter the name of the most recent boundary file:16
              &if Oexists %inputcov% -cover6 &then
                    &sv idcovero = %inputcov%
              &else &do
                    %type %inputcov% does not exists, Check name of coverage and start aml again.
                    %goto stop
                    &end
              &sv ldcovact = Oresponse 'Enter the name of the older boundary file:16
              &if exists %ideovact% -cover6 &then
                    &sv inputcov2 = %idcovact%
              &else &do
                    &type %idcovact% does not exists'
                    &goto stop
                    &end


                    Determine the amount of accretion
              &if Oexists acert %date% -cover6 &then
                    kill accrt-19date%
              identit@ %inputcov% %idcovact% accrt %date%
              &if Oexists erosion %date% -cover6 &tien
                    kill erosn-%date%
                    Determine the amount of erosion
              identity %inputcov2% %ideovero% erosn-%date%



                                                         68










                                      EXHIBIT 6-4

                                       (Continued)



               Start Areplot
           areplot
           display 9999
           &sv mapname *Response 'Enter name for map composition' testmap6
           map %mapname%
           pagesize 36 24
           mapscale automatic

           mape acert-%date%
           arcs accrt-%date%
           arcs erosn %date%
           shadeset colornames.shd
           reselect accrt-%date% polys perimeter < 130000
           polygonshades accrt-%date% 30
           clearselect
           reselect erosn %date% polys perimeter < 130000
           polygonshades erosn -%date% 60
           clearselect


               Open a cursor to determine total area of erosion
           cursor areaero, declare erosn %date% poly rw
           reselect erosn %date% poIXgon perimeter c 130000
                     - 0extract 1 show select erosn %date% poly
           &sv selectset =
           &if %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
               &sv counter = %selectset%
               cursor areaero open
               &sv erosionsum = 0
               &do &until %empty%
                   &sv erosionsum = %erosionsum% + %:areaero.area%
                   &sv eroacres = %erosionsum% / 43560
                        &type %erosionsum%
                        &type %eroacres% eroded acres
                        cursor areaero next
                        &sv counter = %counter% - 1
                        &if %counter% = 0 &then &sv empty Arue.
                            &else &sv empty = Jalse.
               &end /* &do &until %empty%
           &end /* Wf %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
           /* Set global variables to hold area values
           &sv.erosionsum = %erosionsum%
           & sv eroacres = %eroacres%
           cursor areaero remove















                                           69










                                                   EXMBIT 6-4

                                                    (Continued)



                    Open a cursor to determine total area of accretion
              cursor areaacc declare acert-%date% poly rw
              reselect acert %date% polygon perimeter < 130000
                              Oextract 1 show select accrt date poly66
              &sv selectset =
              Wf %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
                    &sv counter = %selectset%
                    cursor areaacc open
                    &sv accretsum = 0
                    &do &until %empty2%
                          &sv accretsum = %accretsum% + %:areaace.area%
                          &sv accretsum = %accretsum% / 43560
                          &type %accretsum%
                          &type %accacres% acres of accretion
                          cursor areaacc next
                          %sv counter = %counter% - 1
                          Wf %counter% = 0 &then &sv empty2      Arue.
                               &else &sv empty2 = Jalse.
                    &end /* &do &until %empty2%
              &end /* Wf %selectset% ne 0 &then &do
              /* Set global variables to hold area values
              &sv.accretsum = %accretsum%
              &sv accacres    %aceacres%
              WV

              cursor areaacc remove


              /* Create Legend
              textsize .35
              keybox 1.5 1
              keyposition 28 15
              keyseparation .25 1
              keyshade shoreline.key
              /* Report Accretion and Erosion Totals
              textsize .35
              move 30 14.5
              text otruncate %.accacres%6
              move 31.5 14.5
              text 'acres of accretion',
              move 30 12.5
              text Otruncate %.eroacres%6
              move 31.5 12.5
              text 'acres of erosion'

              Wabelstop
              &type stopping execution






                                                         70















































                                      PARK RESOURCES                  PREPARED                            1973          1993
                              MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS      DESIGNED By. KAT       LEGEND           Shorelig      Shoreline
                                                                                                          1987
                               BUREAU OF STATE PARKS              DRAWN BY: GRJ                           Shoreline
                              OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY        nATF- 10/29/94
















                                                                                                                                         ----------





















                                                                                                 V



















                                     PARK RESOURCES                 PREPARED         LEGEND
                             MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS     DESIGNED By. KAT                     47 acres of sand ac
                              BUREAU OF STATE PARKS             DRAWN 13Y:Holbert                    39 acres of sand er
                             OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY       nATF, 10/29/94































                                    PARK RESOURCES                PREPARED                         TraillM Park             Structurg BrE
                            MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS    DESIGNED By. KAT     LEGEND FN-                 Boundarp                     Grc
                             BUREAU OF STATE PARKS                                            IM Parks&       ESA      M    ESA            Pa
                                                              DRAWN BY-Holber--                    Road       Border        Buffer         Lol
                            OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY
                                                              DATE. 10/29/94










                           After evaluating the data in Are Info it was decided to produce a new digital
                                                 e
                           data file of the ESAs directly in Arc Info by digitizing the hard copy map of
                           the ESA areas. This produced a better quality coverage compared to the
                           digital data file converted from OSU-MAP format to a vector format in Are
                           Info. When files are converted from a raster (grid cells) format into a vector
                           format, the boundaries of polygons take on a stair step effect instead of a
                           smooth Ii ne.

                           Using the analytical capabilities of Are Info a buffer was generated 50 feet
                           around each of the zones represented by polygons in the ESA coverage to
                           produce a buffered coverage called EXANRD 83. If needed for park manage-
                           ment purposes, different buffer distances based on the degree of protection
                           required for each ESA zone can be generated. Exhibit 6-7 shows this buffer.

                    6.6    Other Resource Potential Use

                           Most of the coverages created for the Presque Isle State Park will be of use
                           to other resource management agencies listed below. Certain coverages,
                           such as historic sites, archaelogical sensitive areas, and species of special
                           concern, will be restrictive use,to other agencies. This is required by the
                           sensitivity of the item, regulations, and/or letters of agreements between
                           agencies. Exhibit 6-8 is an example of letter that was need to obtain
                           information.

                           All of hardware and software acquired is compatable with the types of
                           equipment used by PA DER as well as federal agencies. The data collected
                           used guidelines from other agencies responsible for similar types of data.
                           BSP did not want to recreate the wheel or develop new standards to replace
                           existing ones. The BSP did make guidelines more restrictive because of the
                           scale they perfered to work at.

                           PA DER Agencies

                           0    Bureau of Forestry
                           0    Bureau of Waste Management
                                Bureau of Water Projects
                                Bureau of Land and Water Conservation
                                Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

                           Other Pennsylvania Agencies

                           0    Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency
                           0    Pennsylvania Game Commission
                           0    Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission

                           Federal Agencies

                                National Ocean Atmospheric Administration
                                U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                           ï¿½    Soil Conservation Service
                           ï¿½    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                           0    U.S. Geological Survey





                                                          74










                     6.7   Future Applications

                           The following is a list of future applications being considered for Presque Isle
                           State Park. Applications marked with an asterick are currently under
                           development by the Resources Management Section of BSP for the 93 CZM
                           Project due for completion in 1995.

                           0    Mowing schedule with height and time restrictions for maintenance.*
                           0    Water shut location and type for maintenance.*
                                Sip location, replacement, and for maintenance and administration.
                                Exact Location of PNDI species for administration, maintenance and
                                ranger functions.
                           0    One foot contour map for administration to show lake level effects
                                (BSP has 65% of Park in Hardcopy Maps).*
                           0    Rights-of-Way maps for administration.
                           0    Houseboat inspections for administration.
                                Exotic species areas of concern for administration.
                                Monument location for administration.*
                           0    Historic shoreline erosion for administration        and environmental
                                education.
                           -    Pump preventive maintenance for maintenance.
                           0    Breakwater maintenance plan for maintenance.
                                Marina reservations for administration.
                                Bouy placement for ranger activities.

              7.0    Recommendations

                     The following is a list of recommendations that will be made to BSP senior staff
                     for enhancement of the GIS program and implementation statewide.

                     0     To use State Plane, NAD 83 as the standards projection for state park maps.

                     0     To establish a GIS coordinator to oversee the GIS program in BSP.

                     0     To require a inkjet plotter for maps upto 1711 x 1111 in size.

                     0     To use GPS equipment for collecting of data within the park boundary. The
                           1-2 meter accuracy will be a major improvement in the quality of state park
                           maps and will be an acceptable error factor.

                     0     To use the Department's cardiographic section to digitize existing accurate
                           maps into Auto Cadd for use by Resources Management Section. The
                           Resources Management Section will use Are CAD to take maps between Are
                           Info and Auto CADD.

                     0     To acquire Are CAD and Arc Scan modules for Arc Info for use with the GIS
                           program.

                     0     To take the Information from this project and Phase 11 and develop a
                           Geographic Information System Plan for the Bureau of State Parks before
                           continuing with future a6plications.





                                                            75







                                                                      EXHIBIT 6-8
                                  PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL AND MUSEUM COMMISSION LETTER

                                                  COMMONWEALTHOF PENNSYLVANIA
                                                   Department of Environmental Resources
                                                          June 29, 1994

                                                        In Reply Refer to:
                                                              PF-P-RM



     SUBJECT:   Archaeological and Historical Sites
                Presque Isle State Park


     TO:        Kurt Carr
                Chief
                Division of Preservation Services
                Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission


     FROM:      Roger Fickes
                Director
                Bureau of State Parks
                Department of Environmental Resources


     This memo  is in reference to the confidential historical and
     archaeological site information/data for Presque Isle State Park.

     The information received from the PA Historical and Museum Commission
     on historical and archaeological sites in Presque Isle State Park is
     for official use only and will not be provi   ded to the general public or
     any other agencies.' The data will remain with the Bureau of State
     Parks as part of the Geographic Information System (GIS) that is being
     developed for Presque Isle State Park for resource management planning
     and administrative purposes.

     If you have any questions, please contact Keith A. Taylor of the
     Resources Management and.Planning Division at (717) 783-3305.

     bcc:   Park Region 2
            Presque Isle State Park
            Presque Isle GIS,
            Daily
            File

     RF:GMS:JPB:KAT:jd











                                             APPENDIX


            PI Coverage Dictionary
            DLG Map
            GPS Summary Sheet


















































                                                   77






                                                                                  Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary


                Coverage                 Print Area 131:1157                 Attribute             Aftribute Aftribute                Allowable
                                           Name          Type
                                                                            Descri "to                Name      D-efi-n-itio-n
               gmdpig                                                                                                                   V&qe                                       ts
   Archeological Areas                   Archeo       poly          site name                     name          c,30
                                                                    site id no.                   site id       c,9
                                                                    site descrip                  descrp        PAO
   Buildings                             bldgs        poly          bldgL!ype.._                  type          1c,9         admin,public,residence
                                                                                                  use           c,20         change house,restmm,cabins
                                                                    bldg id number                id            c,8
                                                                    building name                 name          c,25
                                                                    floor space (sq. ft.)         floor sp      n,5.0
                                                                    Buildinq Material             bldgmatl      c,l          see LUT for codes
                                                                    buildina condition            cond          c.1          see LUT for codes
                                                                    No. of Months of Use          mo use        n,2.0        months per year?
                                                                    type of heating               heat          0
                                                                    hot water                     hoth2o        I
                                                                    year bldg constructed _yr built             c,4
                                                                                                  hist-rea      0
                                                                                                  hist use      U
                                                                    trim painted                  trim          n,5.0
                                                                    year trim last painted        trim-yr       n,4.0
                                                                                                  ex wood       n,5.0
                                                                                                  ex wd yr      n,4.0
                                                                                                  int wood      n,5.0
                                                                                                  in wd_yr      n,4.0
                                                                                                  masonry       n,5.0
                                                                                                   r mason      n,4.0
                                                                                                  roof          n,5.0
                                                                                                  yr roof       n,4.0
                                                                                                  day nite      c,2
                                                                                                  roof pit      c,4
                                                                                                  electric      0
                                                                                                  plumbing      n,2.0
                                                                                                  leased        3,c.
                                                                                                  maintain      U
                                                                                                  showers       U


   Electric                              electric     point                                       pole-id       0
                                                                                                  tmsform       0            NO or KW rating
                                                                                                  power         i,3          KW ratina
                                                                                                  cut-off       c,1          Y or N
                                                                    !Service To                   serves        c.15







                                                                                 Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary


                                                                                                 locatn       C.1          0 (overhead) or U (underground)
   Environ. Sensitive                   Environ

   Gas & Oil Lines                      Utilines     line                                        owner        c,18
                                                                                                 type         c,6
   Historical Sites                     Historic                   Site Name                     name         c,24
                                                                   Description                   descrp       c,40

   Management Units                     man unit poly
                                        mgmtunit poly              unit-ld number                unit-id      c,8          4801.000 thru 4806.000
   On-lot Disposal Systems              Olds _point                Type system                   type         1c.16
                                                                   Tank Size                     tankvol      1n,4.0
                                                                   Field Size                    fleldsiz     n,5.0
                                                                   Date Installed                dateinst
   Park Boundary                        bndry        poly          owner                         owner        c,4          twp.,boro,cnty,stat,cfty
                                                                   ownership                     type         c,6          lease.own

   Park Comers                          bndrycor     point         comer No.                     cor id       C,5
                                                                   description                   cor desc     c,40

   Parking Lots                         parking      poly          surface                       surftype     c,9          paved,aravel
                                                                                                 use          c,14         autotrailers

   PA Natural Diversity Inventory PNDI               poly                                        eo-code      C,15
                                                                   common name                   name         c,25
                                                                   scientific name               scientif     c,25
                                                                                                 status       1c,12        rare,endanglered,threateneWd.undert rmined
                                                                                                 class        C,15         terrestrial,aguat[cwildlife,exotfe
                                                                   museum number                 museum       c,9
   Railroads                            Rails        line          Name of Railroad              owner                                                    use item sizes from R2T files
                                                                   Name of Rail Line             linename
                                        roads        line      -Prefix (North,South)             roadpre      c,2
                                                                   Name of Road                  roadname     c,18
                                                                   Road Type                     roadtype     c,4          ST.LN,BLVD,AVE,CT,

   Roads                                                           class                         class        c,9          primarysecondary
                                                                   surface                                       18        gravetimproved, asphaft
                                                                                                                           gravetun-improved, concrete
                                                                                                                           earth
                                                     @oint
                                                       OIA






































                                                                   status                        status         9          in-use
                                                                                                 I                         abandoned







                                                                                               Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary


   Signs                                      signs                           Sign Post Material                 post           02              steel channel,wood 4X4,
                                                                                                                                                wood W,concrete,steel pipe,
                                                                                                                                                qate mounted.other
                                                                              Reflective                         reflect        c,1             y or n
                                                                              Height                             height         c,3
                                                                                                                                I                                     -

                                                                              Sign Mate ial                     -sign           c,12            routed wood, metal, plastic
                                                                                                                                                plywood, other
                                                                              Date Installed                     dateinst       CA              YY/MM/DD

                                                                              Sign's Message                     text           c,25
                                                                              Owner                              owner          C,18
                                                                                                                 comment        c,30
                                                                              sign class                         class                          destination,information.
                                                                                                                                                environmental Interpretive,
                                                                                                                                                traffic,special,other
                                                                                                                 multiple       c,1             YorN


   soils                                      soils           poly

   Stormwater Collection System Strmsew                       line            Line ID no.                        id             c,9
                                                                              material type                      type           c,12
                                                                                            ter                  diameter       n,4.1
                                                                              invert elev. upstream              My up          n,7.2
                                                                              Invert elev. down stream           inv dn         n7.2



   structures                                 struc           point           structure identification no struc id              c,9
                                                                              structure type                     type           08

   Survey Control Points                      srvcntrl                        Point ID no.

   Tanks (Underground Storage)                tanks           point           Tank ID no.                        tank id        c,9
                                                                              Legal Owner of Tank                owner          c,24
                                                                                                                 contents       c,15             asoline, diesel fuel, etc.

   Trails                                     trails          Iline           trail use                          use            c,10              nowmobile,hiking,                 !codes field with LUT
                                                                                                                                                bicycling,atv,skilng,equestflan
                                                                                                                                                exercise,cross-country
                                                                              type construction                  constr         c,10            asphaft,concrete,unpaved,other







                                                                                       Presque Isle Coverage Dictionary



                                                                        trail width                     width
                                                                        trail name                      name          c,1 5
   vegetation                             vege           poly           vege type                       type          c,1            A,B,C,D,E,F,K,P
                                                                        Site Class                      siteclas      0
   Wastewater Collection system                                         Size/Stocking Class             sizeclas      c,1                                  12345678
                       Sanitary Sewer Sansew             line           Line ID no.                     id            c,9            luse upstream manhole ID
                                                                        material type                   type          c,12
                                                                                     ter                diameter      n,4.1
                                                                        invert elev. upstream           iny up           7.2
                                                                        Invert elev. down stream        inv dn        n7.2
                              Manholes Manholes point                   Manhole ID no.                  id              c,9
                                                                        rim elevation                   rim ele       n,7.2
                                                                        invert elevation                inv ele       n,7.2
                                                                        Manhole Type                    type          cl             pre-cast.brick.other
   Water Distribution system
                      distribution lines Water           line           material type                   type          c,9
                                                                                                        diameter      c,5
                           fire hydrant Hydrants         point                                          id            c's

   Water supply wells                     Wells          points         Well ID no. -well id
                                                                                                        owner         c,24


   wetlands                               wetlands       poly           Wetland Type                    type          c,2            U1,U2.U3,U4-

   Activity Areas                         bndry          annotation










































                                                                     c=1



















































                                                                                                              0

                                   PARK RESOURCES                PREPARED         LEGEND          PoliticaQ Transportation
                            MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS   DESIGNED BY: KAT                     Boundari       lines
                            BUREAU OF STATE PARKS            DRAWN BY. USGS                       Contours E]    Hydrography
                           OFFICE OF PARKS AND FORESTRY      DATE- 10/29/94









                         SUMMARY SHEET FOR PRESQUE ISLE GPS PROJECT

                                                 JULY 25-29, 1994


                Weather: Clear to partly cloudy skies with temperatures in the high seventies.

                Worked on GPS from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

                Si-an The signs were taped on the lower left corner to signify that the sign was logged
                on the data logger. The data dictionary was set up so that the date for the sign
                installation was automatically generated by the computer. This could have proved to be
                a bigger problem if the attribute was located in the middle of the data menu. One could
                not press enter when the date appeared.. The next step was to feature off of signs. If
                the date was in the mideele of themenu, it is unsure of what the procedure would be,
                possibly moving to the next attribute would work. The only GPS unit problem was a
                defective battery that would not stay charged. Definitely need two or three people
                doing singn, with two units working on the feature. Total hours spend collecting
                was 13.5.


                Shoreline: A tree was marked to set a marker on beach 10. There were several times
                when there was not enough satellites available or the PDOP was too high. Did not use
                data dictionary because the basic unit was used. An ATM was used and the shoreline was
                done twice in a relatively short period of time. The second trip on the shoreline was
                better because more satellites were available. Did some bay points and used a truck for
                transportation. We walked along the concrete structures along Perry's Monument, the
                West Pier, the East Pier and by the Coast Guard Station. Shoul have created a data
                dictionary for shore points for the bay side and then we could have used the pro and
                added attribute Information. Total hours collecting data was 18 with three hours on gull
                point.

                Water Utilities: No markers were set. Feature selected itself several times and the key
                pad was never touched. No problems with the data dictionary. Could not stand right,
                next to the building when data logging spigots and fountains. Total hours collecting data
                was 26.

                Trails: GPS equipment was not hooked up properly and got "NO GPS RESPONSE"
                message. We checked our connections and then continued. Have to make sure that
                everyone knows how to feature off of an intersection within the trail feature. The basic
                machine was also used for trails and worked very well. Fox Trail could not be connected
                so there is a portion in the middle that is missing. Have to use an ATM or the trails
                would not get done. Total hours collecting data was 42.5.

                PNDI: No markers were set. Need to use range poles instead of the backpacks. Should
                have crated a feature for wetlands, because a few areas were recorded as terrestrial.
                Cannot pause data logger for more than two minutes. Total hours collecting data
                was 24.












                                                           81










                                            BIBLIOGRAPHY


                   Urban and Regional Information System Association, introduction to GISP
                   1991-1993, pp 4-2 - 6-12

                   Rafkind, Charles D. and De Hugh Devine, Geographic Information System
                   Management and Operations Plan for Colonial National Historic Park, Revised
                   December 1993

                   RafkInd, Charles D., SOP GIS and Feature Taxonomy April 28, 1992, pp 5-14

                   Leslie, Harry, Presque Isle State Park Resource Management Plan, May 1993

                   Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc., Presque Isle Bay Recreational Boating StudV,
                   March 1994

                   Environmental System Research Institute, Inc.p Understanding GIS the Are Info
                   Method, 1992







































                                                     83









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                                                                                                                                     3 6668 14111945 5 @







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