    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                          II
                            I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5

     I"1.~ 131  6
                                                     ~~~~ I          i~~~~~~~~~~~"'~ Iii

    .N856
    S681 2
    1984

    To prepare for the growing threat to South Florida's
    coastal   environmental,    recreational,    and    economic
    resources  from  a  major  oil  spill,  the  South   Florida
    Regional  Planning  Council  has  developed  an  Oil   Spill
    Shoreline   Priority   Protection   Response   Strategy   to
    supplement the  resources  of  federal  and  state  agencies
    responsible  for  oil  spill  response.    Three   documents
    comprise this Strategy:

        *  Environmental Sensitivity Atlas

           The   Atlas   profiles,   on   23   color    plates,
           geomorphic,    biological,       and      socioeconomic
           characteristics of the South Florida coast.    Based
           on the effects of oil and the relative cost of
           cleanup,   shoreline   protection   priorities   are
           established. The color-coding of shoreline types,
            from  least  to  most  sensitive  to  spilled   oil,
           provides   ease   of   reference   for   contingency
           planning and field efforts in the event of a
            spill.

        *  Technical Report

           The Technical Report, designed to supplement the
            information  in   the   Atlas,   provides   detailed
            information on shoreline types, affected flora and
            fauna, and protection and cleanup measures.

        *  Oil Spill Response Handbook

           The   Handbook   assists   local   governments    In
            responding effectively, within established legal
            constraints, to an oil spill along South Florida's
            coast. While designed to be used in conjunction
            with the Atlas and Report, the Handbook's size and
           water resistant paper allow it to be carried to an
           oil  spill  site  for   reference   throughout   the
           containment and cleanup effort.

    This project was funded in part through a Coastal Energy
    Impact Program Grant through the Florida Department of
    Veteran and Community Affairs, Division of Local Resource
    Management, Office of Federal Coastal Programs, with funds
    from the United States Department of Commerce, under the
    Coastal  Zone  Management  Act  of   1972   (PL-92-583)   as
    amended.

                      TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                 Page

     ABBREVIATIONS .....................

     OIL SPILL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.............2
       Local Government Preparation for an Oil Spill ...            3
       Procedures to follow when a Spill Occurs ......4
       Oil Types and Characteristics...........                     5
       Reporting an Oil Spill...............                        7
       Jurisdictional Boundary Map............                      9
       Priority Contacts..................10
       Secondary Contacts .................13
       Reimbursement for Oil Spill Response ........15
       Local Government or Citizen Damage Claims......19

     SHORELINE PROTECTION..................20
       Shoreline Protection Lines of Defense........21
       Decision Key to Determine Protection Measures.              ...22
       Shoreline Protection Priorities...........23
       Shoreline Types and Cleanup Recommendations.....24
       South Florida Shoreline Protection Summary.......35

     OIL CLEANUP MEASURES..................36
       Effects of Cleanup Methods on South Florida
         Shorel ines ....................37
       Decision Key for Cleanup of Different Substrates ..47
       Rate of Cleanup by Method..............48
       Key to Wildlife Markers...............49
       Wildlife Oil Sensitivity, Prevention,
         and Cleanup....................50
       Less Sensitive Habitats and Animals..........i

     LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES.................52
       Federali.......................53
       USCG Spill Response Phases .............59
       State of Florida ..................60
       Spiller.......................65

     DIRECTORY .......................66
       Federal Regional Response Team ...........67
       State of Florida Response Team ...........70
       County Contacts...................74
    * City Contacts....................78
       State and National Parks ..............83
       Local Marine Resourcese...............84
       Oiled Wildlife Cleanup ...............86
       Private Oil Cleanup Organizations..........88
    *    Oil Disposal Sites .................90
       Oil Spill Contingency Plans.............91

     NOTES .........................92

                            ABBREVIATIONS

    The  following  abbreviations  are  used   throughout   this
    Handbook:

    CFR     Code of Federal Regulations
    COPM    Captain of the Port of Miami
    CWA     Clean Water Act
    FAC     Florida Administrative Code
    FDER    Florida Department of Environmental Regulation
    FDNR    Florida Department of Natural Resources
    FS      Florida Statutes
    FWPCA   Federal Water Pollution Control Act
    NCP     National Contingency Plan
    NRC     National Response Center
    NRT     National Response Team
    OSC     On-Scene Coordinator
    RRT     Regional Response Team
    SAC     State Agency Coordinator
    SRT     State Response Team
    SSC     State Spill Coordinator
    USC     United States Code
    USCG    United States Coast Guard

    LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

     LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

           LOCAL GOVERNMENT PREPARATION FOR AN OIL SPILL

    1.   One  department  should  be   the   lead   agency   for
        coordinating local response and one person designated
        as  the  local  coordinator.    Staff  members  In  the
        appropriate  department   should   be   designated   as
        members  in  the  local  oil   spill   response   team.
        Departments that should be represented include:

             Public Utilities
             Parks and Recreation
             Planning
             Police
             Fire
             Environmental Regulation
             Emergency Preparedness
             Transportation
             County or City Manager's Office

    2.   Oil Spill Coordinators should be familiar with:
        e Federal (national, regional, and local) and State
            (FDNR) contingency plans,
        * the Oil Spill Atlas and Report prepared by the
           South Florida Regional Planning Council (SFRPC)
           that Identify shoreline priorities for oil spill
            protection, containment, and cleanup methods; and
         *  reporting  and   record-keeping   requirements   for
            reimbursement of expenses.

        The local coordinator  should  establish  contact  with
         the U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office (MSO) (page
         10) and the State Bureau of Emergency Management
         (page   11)   and   develop   agreements   to    ensure
         coordination of efforts in notification, containment,
         cleanup, restoration, and cost recovery.

    4.   Local governments should examine the USCG  SKIM  system
         (pages 57-58) to
         *  ensure  that  all  local   cleanup   resources   are
            listed;
         *  consider   stockpiling   containment   and   cleanup
            equipment In locations where there are Inadequate
            resources; and
         *  work  with  the  USCG  to   obtain   and   stockpile
            additional resources.

    5.   Forms  for  oil   spill   reports   and   records   for
         reimbursement,  based  on   the   Federal   and   State
         requirements, should be prepared and made available
         to oil spill coordinators prior to an emergency.

                                 3

             PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW WHEN A SPILL OCCURS

    1.   Note spill characteristics (pages 7-8).

    2.   Notify priority  contacts  (pages  10-12)  and  provide
        them with spill characteristics Information.

    3.   If, within 1 hour of notification,  representatives  of
        the USCG or FDNR have not appeared at the site of the
        spill, notify the secondary contacts (pages 13-14).

    4.   State law maintains the right of any person  to  render
        assistance In containing or removing a pollutant.
        However, TO QUALIFY FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES and
        to coordinate with State and Federal authorities:

        GET APPROVAL FROM STATE AND FEDERAL AUTHORITIES
        BEFORE ATTEMPTING ANY CLEANUP ACTION.

    5.   Keep Itemized records of all  expenses  and  report  to
        FDNR and USCG (see reimbursement procedures, pages
         15-18).

    6.   Be sure all actions taken are  with  approval  from  or
         at the request of the OCS and SAC and are In keeping
         with State and Federal legal responsibilities and
         policies (see pages 53-64).

    7.   Be sure that the person In  charge  of  any  local  oil
         spill response action is fully acquainted with:

        * the Federal (national, regional, and local) and
            State (FDNR) contingency plans,

        * oil spill response techniques,

        * procedure for coordination with the OCS and SAC
           prior to the spill, and

        * the reporting and record keeping requirements for
            reimbursement of expenses.

                              OIL TYPES AND

    Oil Type      Examples       Physical/Chemical Properties

      (1)     Distillate fuels   - Spread rapidly
    Light,    such as gasoline,  - High evaporation and solu-
    volatile  diesel, No. 2         bility rates
    oils      fuel oil            - Tend to form unstable
                                   emulsions
                                 - Very toxic to biota when
                                   fresh
                                 - May penetrate substrate
                                 - Can be removed from sur-
                                   faces by simple agitation
                                   and low pressure flushing

      121     Medium to heavy    - Moderate to high viscosity
    Moderate  paraffin-based      - Toxicity variable depend-
    to heavy  refined oils          ing on light fraction
    oils      and crude oils        composition
                                 - In tropical climates, rapid
                                   evaporation and solution
                                   form less toxic weathered
                                   residue with toxicity due
                                   more to smothering
                                 - Light fractions may contam-
                                   inate interstitial water
                                 - Tend to form stable emul-
                                   sions under high physical
                                   energy conditions
                                 - Variable penetration, a
                                   function of substrate
                                   grain size
                                 - High potential for sinking
                                   after weathering and uptake
                                   of sediment
                                 - Generally removable from
                                   water surface when fresh
                                 - Weather to tar balls and
                                   tarry residue

      131     Asphalt, Bunker    - Form tarry lumps at ambi-
              C, No. 6 fuel    e    nt temperatures
              oil, waste fuel    - Non-spreading
                                 - Relatively non-toxic due
                                   to substrate
                                 - May soften and flow when
                                   exposed to the sun
                                 - Cannot be recovered from
                                   water surface with most
                                   cleanup equipment
                                 - Easily removed manually
                              5    from beaches

                   CHARACTERISTICS

     Toxicological Properties

    - Acute toxicity is related to the content and
      concentration of the aromatic fractions
    - Aromatic fractions are very toxic due to the presence
      primarily of napthalene compounds and, to a lesser
      extent, benzene compounds
    - Heavy molecular weight compounds are Immediately less
      toxic, but may be chronically toxic since many are
      either known or potential carcinogens
    - Acute toxicity of individual aromatic fractions will
      vary among species due to differences in the rate of
      uptake and rate of release of these compounds
    - Mangroves and marsh plants may be chronically affected
      due to penetration and persistence of aromatic com-
      pounds in sediments

    - Acute and chronic toxicity in marine organisms is like-
      ly to result from:
      1) Mechanical or physical coverage- oil completely
         smothering organisms causing death
      2) Chemical toxicity - results from the exposure of
         very toxic aromatic fractions of the oil to marine
         organisms
      3) A combination of mechanical or physical Coverage
         and chemical toxicity.
    - Mechanical or physical smothering causes acute toxici-
      ty in many marine organisms and chronic toxicity In
      many marine plants (especially mangroves)

    - Acute and chronic toxicity occurs more from smothering
      effects than from chemical toxicity, due to the smaJll
      prbportion of toxic aromatic fractions found in heavy,
      residual oils
    - Toxicity is more common in marine plants (especially
      mangroves) and sedentary organisms than In mobile
      organisms
    - Acute and chronic toxicity also results from thermal
      stress, due to the elevation of temperature in oiled
      habitats

                                 6

                       REPORTING AN OIL SPILL

    This  information  should  be  provided  as  completely   as
    possible, to assure that responsible agencies can take
    Immediate, effective action.   DO  NOT  DELAY,  however,  in
    notifying priority  contacts  even  If  you  are  unable  to
    provide all information.

    Date and Time

    Type of Oil (see page 5 for descriptions):

       Light, volatile oils

        Moderate to heavy oils

       Asphalt, Bunker C, No. 6
          fuel oil, waste fuel        l

       Other (not oil, specify)

    Location
            Longitude and latitude if possible; also landmarks.

    Source of Spill (if known)

        If a vessel is the source

          Name

          Approximate Size

          Port of Registry

    Spill due to (if known):

       Collision  B

       Grounding  []

       Other (i.e., leak, spilled container)

    Injuries

    REPORTING AN OIL SPILL (Cont'd.)

    Volume of Spill (Check One)

                      Gallons Oil/
    Standard Term      Square Mile  Appearance

    barely visible           .25      barely visible under
                                    favorable light

    silvery                   50      silvery sheen on
                                    surface water           []

    slightly colored         100      trace of color

    brightly colored         200      bright color bands
                                    visible                  []

    dull                     666      colors turn ddll  brown  E1]

    dark                   1,332      much darker brown

    Note: A one-Inch thickness of oil equals 5.61 gallons per
          square yard or 17,378,709 gallons per square mile.

    Water depth __

    Tide

    Weather Conditions

    Wind Speed and Direction

    Current Speed and Dlrectlon

    Wave Height and Direction

    Action Taken to Clean Up Oil Spill

                 FEDERAL AND STATE OIL SPILL RESPONSE JURISDICTION

    State Coastal Jurisdiction (including all
    of Monroe County and the Dry Tortugas):
    - Florida Department of Natural
       Resources
    State Inland Jurisdiction:
    -  Florida Department of Environmental
      Regulation
    From the north 8roward County border
    south along the Florida Turnpike to
    State#826. West then south on State
    #826 to State#27, then north on State
    #27 to US#41, then west an US#41 to
    the Dade County border.

    Federal Jurisdiction:
    Coastal - U.S. Coast Guard
    Inland - U.S. Environmental Protection
            Agency
    Call the Miami Marine Safety Office
    (pg. 10) for boundary clarification.

                      Y1

                          S

                                           e               v    A

                                 *, 7�
                                      o           I

                      -;iL~~~~~- Sp

            PRIORITY CONTACTS TO NOTIFY CONCERNING SPILL

    Upon completion of the form on pages 7 and 8, immediately
    notify all federal and state contacts specified below, if
    this is a coastal spill (see map on page 9). If the spill
    Is inland, notify priority contacts on page  1?.    In  both
    Instances,  also   notify   the   appropriate   county   and
    municipal contacts. Note time of contact and keep this
    list as a record  of  notification.    (A  column  has  been
    provided to allow you to update this contact list, should
    changes occur).

                                    Date/Time   New Contact/
    Current Contact                   of Contact  Date of Change

    FEDERAL

    U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)

    National Response Center
    Day or Night: 800-424-5802

    Marine Safety Office
    (MSO) Miami
    Day or Night: 305-350-5691
    (This office notifies the OSC)

    7th Coast Guard District
    Oil Spill Reporting Office
    Day:   305-350-5276
    Night: 305-350-5611

    STATE OF FLORIDA

    Dept. of Natural Resources (FDNR)

    State Agency Coordinator
    Carolann DeFord Bowen
    Day:   904-488-1992
    Night: 904-488-5757
         1-800-342-1829

    Florida Marine Patrol
    Broward & Dade counties
    Day or Night: 305-325-3346
                1-800-342-1829

    Florida Marine Patrol
    Monroe County
    Day or 305-743-6542
    Night: 904-488-5757
         1-800-342-1829           10

    PRIORITY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                    Date/Time   New Contact/
    Current Contact                   of Contact  Date of Change

    Dept. of Environmental
    Regulation (FDER)

    State Spill Coordinator
    Greg Lee
    Day:   904-488-0190
    Night: 904-224-3772
           904-997-8435

    Alternate: Jeff Taylor
    Day:   904-488-0190
    Night: 904-224-4310

    Dept. of Veteran and
    Community Affairs (FDVCA)

    Bureau of Emergency Management
    Bill Lee
    Day or Night: 904-488-1320

    Alternate: George Guthrie
    Day or Night: 904-488-1320

    LOCAL - Counties

    Broward County

    Env. Control Enforcement
    Bill Metzger
    Day or Night: 305-765-5881

    Emergency Preparedness
    Arthur St. Amand
    Day:   305-765-5026
    Night: 305-523-2192

    Dade County

    Dept. of Environmental
    Resource Management
    Pollution Control
    Day or Night: 305-638-6088

    Emergency Preparedness
    Martin Bishop
    Day:   305-596-8700
    Night: 305-661-2919
                                11

    PRIORITY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                    Date/Time   New Contact/
    Current Contact                   of Contact  Date of Change

    Monroe County

    Civil Defense
    Bill Wagner
    Day:   305-294-9581
           305-294-4641 (Ext. 566)
           305-296-2424
    Night: 305-289-1789
           305-296-2424

    IF THE SPILL LOCATION IS INLAND', IMMEDIATELY CONTACT THE
    FOLLOWING AGENCIES:

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

    Primary:   Mr. Al Smith, Chief
               Emergency and Remedial
                 Response Branch
               Day:   404-881-3931
               Night: 404-881-4062

    Alternate: Mr. George Moein, Chief
               Emergency Response & Control Div.
               Day:   404-881-n931
               Night: 404-881-4062

    Florida Dept. of Environmental
    Regulation (FDER)

    State Spill Coordinator:
    Greg Lee
    Day:   904-488-0190
    Night: 904-997-8435

    Alternate: Jeff Taylor
               Day:   904-488-0190
               Night: 904-224-3772
                      904-576-4801

                                12

            SECONDARY CONTACTS TO NOTIFY CONCERNING SPILL

    If no state or federal personnel have appeared on site
    within I hour  of  notification,  and  the  spill  is  still
    visible, then call:

                                     Date/Time   New Contact/
    Current Contact                    of Contact  Date of Change

    FEDERAL

    On Scene Coordinator (OSC)
    Capt. of the Port of Miami (COPM)
    Commander R. N. Roussel
    Day or Night: 305-350-5691

    Regional Response Team
    Chairman
    Coast Guard 7th District
    Captain Tanos
    Day:   305-350-5651
    Night: 305-350-5611

    STATE OF FLORIDA

    State Response Team (SRT) Chairman
    Secretary Elton Gissendanner
    Day or Night: 904-488-5757
                1-800-342-1829

    LOCAL - COUNTIES

    Broward County
    Administrator
    F. T. Johnson
    Day:   305-765-5140
    Night: 305-467-1150

    Dade County
    Manager
    Merritt Stierhelm
    Day:   305-579-5311
    Night: 305-274-9683

                                13

    SECONDARY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                     Date/Tlme   New Contact/
    Current Contact                   of Contact  Date of Change

    Monroe County
    Administrator
    Kermit Lewin
    Day:   305-294-4641
    Night: 305-296-6455

    MUNICIPAL

    See pages 78-82, for municipal contacts.

                                14

               REIMBURSEMENT FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE

    STATE LAW MAINTAINS THE RIGHT OF ANY PERSON TO RENDER
    ASSISTANCE  IN   CONTAINING   OR   REMOVING   A   POLLUTANT.
    HOWEVER, TO QUALIFY FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES YOU MUST
    FIRST GET APPROVAL FROM STATE OR FEDERAL AUTHORITIES.

    Federal Funding

    The Federal Pollution Revolving Fund is administered by
    the Coast Guard with expenditures authorized by the On
    Scene Coordinator (OSC).

    Can be used when the discharger Is unknown, does not act
    promptly, does not act appropriately, or if the discharge
    results from acts of God or acts.of war.

    CONTRACTORS:

    *    Informal Commitment.

         In an emergency situation when cleanup must begin
         immediately:

        - a verbal commitment to a contractor can be made by
           the OSC.

        - this Is to be promptly followed by a written
           Authorization  to  Proceed  and  assignment   of   a
           project number within 24 hours.

        -  can  not  exceed   $50,000   without   Coast   Guard
           District 7 approval.

    *    Formal Contracts.

        Within 24 hours after making an Informal commitment
        exceeding $10,000, the OSC will notify Coast Guard
        District  7  so  that   formal   contract(s)   may   be
        negotiated.

    *    Invoice Certification.

        All invoices forwarded to Coast Guard District 7 for
        payment must be certified by the OSC daily.

    STATE OF FLORIDA:                     ;

    The  State  may  undertake  removal  actions  and   may   be
    reimbursed  when  the  Federal  OSC  determines   that   the
    discharger does not effect removal properly  or  is  unknown
    and that -

    *    Federal  response   cannot   adequately   minimize   or
         mitigate  significant  damage  to  public   health   or
         welfare, or

    *    State response will  cost  less  or  not  significantly
         more than Federal response,

    *    When the above conditions are  met  for  State  cleanup
         actions, the OSC advises the State of the assigned
         Pollution Revolving Fund project number, which must
         be used for all records and correspondence.

    *    As soon as possible, but not more than  60  days  after
         completion of cleanup, the  State  representative  will
         submit a letter requesting reimbursement) via the
         Captain of the Port of Miami, to:

            Commander
            Seventh Coast Guard District
            Federal Building
            51 S.W.  1st Avenue
            Miami, Florida 33130

    The following information is necessary:

         - itemized costs for which reimbursement is being
            sought; copies of paid  invoices,  when  applicable,
            are preferred.

         -  documentation  of  all  reported   costs   must   be
            retained  and  made  available  to  the   OSC   upon
            request.

    LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:

    *    The   National   Contingency    Plan    treats    local
         governments as a-subcomponent of  State  response  (see
         next page for State fund procedures).

    *    Can be reimbursed by  the  Federal  government  if  the
         OSC officially contracts for assistance.

                                16

    REIMBURSEMENT (Cont'd.)

    State of Florida Funding

    The Florida Coastal Protection Trust Fund Is administered
    by Florida Department of Natural Resources (FDNR) with
    expenditures authorized by the State Agency Coordinator
    (SAC).

    Can be used when federal funds have been used to the
    maximum extent possible or when federal authorities have
    declined to expend federal funds In a cleanup effort.

    APPROVAL PROCEDURE:

    *    Approval must  be  received   from   FDNR   prior   to
         commencement of cleanup activities.

    *    Two of the  following  three  Individuals  within  FDNR
        must approve proposed cleanup actions:

        - Executive Director
        - Assistant Executive Director
        - State Agency (Oil Spill) Coordinator (SAC)

    *    When cleanup must begin immediately:

        -  approval  may   be   by   telephone,   but   written
           verification of the verbal agreement must be sent
           promptly.

    *    Invoices submitted for reimbursement will  be  verified
        by the SAC, and  must  reconcile  with  the  Oil  Spill
         Investigative Reports compiled by  the  Florida  Marine
        Patrol.

    *    Invoices will be dispersed for payment  after  approval
        by the SAC and Executive Director, FDNR.

    COMMERCIAL CLEANUP CONTRACTORS:

    *    Prior  consideration  will  be   given   to   certified
        cleanup organizations by FONR for spiii containment
        and cleanup contracts.

                                17

    REIMBURSEMENT (Cont'd.)

    �    Certification can be received by  application  to  FDNR
        on a  form  supplied  by  the  department  (information
        available from SAC).

    �    Prior to commencing State  funded  cleanup  activities,
        an  agreement  must  be  executed  and  signed   by   a
        representative of the cleanup organization.

        A sample of the agreement is  In  the  Florida  Coastal
        Pollutant Spill Contingency Plan,  which  Is  available
         from the State Agency  Coordinator  (see  page  10  for
         telephone number).

    LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:

    � Prior approval of any  expenditures  must  be  received
         from the State as described in Approval Procedure,
         above.

    *    Careful records must be kept including:

         - itemization of all costs for which reimbursement
            Is sought,

         -  documentation   of   all    reported    costs    for
            verification upon State request.

                                 18

             LOCAL GOVERNMENT OR CITIZEN DAMAGE CLAIMS

    Florida Coastal Protection Trust Fund

    *    Claims  can  be  made  for  damages  sustained  as  the
        direct result of a coastal pollutant spill.

    � The  claimant  should  contact  the   nearest   Florida
        Marine Patrol District office within 180  days  of  the
         date of the spill (see page 10).

    � Within  5  days  of  notification,  the  Marine  Patrol
        District will send a written acknowledgement to the
        claimant, indicating that the following information
         should be submitted within 30 days to that office:

          - A completed Reimbursement for Damage Claim Form.
           The  form  will   be   provided   with   the   claim
           acknowledgement by the Marine Patrol.

        -  Three estimates for repair of  damage  to  property.
           These estimates should be on  letterhead  stationery
            from   three   repair   facilities    and    pertain
            specifically to the property damaged directly by
           the spill.

          - Three photographs of the damage, with at least one
            including the registration number of the damaged
           property, If applicable.

    *    An investigation of the  claim  will  be  made  by  the
         Florida Marine Patrol.

    *    The Executive  Director  of  FDNR  will  establish  the
         amount to be awarded by the Department of Banking and
         Finance for payment by the Treasurer.

    *    If either the claimant  or  the  person  determined  by
         the  Executive  Director  to  be  responsible  for  the
         discharge disagrees with the damage award, a hearing
        may be requested (120.57, F.S.).

                               19

    SHORELINE PROTECTION

               SHORELINE PROTECTION LINES OF DEFENSE

    First line of defense:

    Containment at the spill site, whether offshore or Inside
    an embayment, and pickup with skimmers.

    Second line of defense:

    Exclusion  and  diversion   boom   deployment   to   protect
    sensitive areas and allow oil recovery by skimmers (for
    appropriate locations for boom deployment, refer to South
    Florida Oil Spill Atlas).

    Third line of defense:

    Boom deployment at secondary Inlets, canals and creeks
    connected to In lets and bays, when currents and winds
    cause first and second lines of defense to be breached
    (for appropriate locations for boom deployment, refer to
    South Florida Oil Spill Atlas).

                               21

                DECISION KEY TO DETERMINE PROTECTION MEASURES

                         Inlet
                                            Deflection Booming and Land-Based
                                  YES
                                            Skimmers on Least Sensitive Shore
    Depth of
                      More Than
    Inlet Less

    Than 7 Ft             100m                          Less Than
                                                                   Booming With
                                  NO       Water
                        (300 Ft)                          1 kt       Absorption or

                                                                   Harbor Boom
                                           Current

              Depth of   Inlet    I                                   Deflection
                   D     Width              Speed    More Than  Booming and Land-
     Inlet More         More Than  NO                                Based Skimmers

    Than7Pt  / 7            0m                            1 kt         On Least
                                                                   Sensitive Shore

                                   Less Than         Deflection Booming To
                        Water                       Position of Skimmer On To
                                      1 kt            Least Sensitive Shore
                        Current

                        Speed More Than Sea-going Skimmer Deployment
                                      I kt

                         Water     MLess Than        Exclusion Booming With

                                      CCurrent  kt  Absorption or Harbor Boom

                         / Speed   More Than    Deflection to Land-based Skimmers
                                           1 kt      On Least Sensitive Shore

                                          22

                  SHORELINE PROTECTION PRIORITIES

    The South Florida Regional Planning Council has prepared
    an  Environmental    Sensitivity   Atlas   and   accompanying
    Technical   Report   which   provide   priority   protection
    information  for   spill   response   coordinators.          The
    information,   based   on    physical;    biological,    and
    socioeconomic vulnerability to  an  oil  spill,  along  with
    the Information presented on  relative  costs  and  problems
    associated with different cleanup techniques, provides a
    basis for decisions on the most effective prevention and
    cleanup actions.

    The shoreline of South Florida is divided into 11 types,
    and each Is assigned an Environmental Sensitivity Index
    (ESI) number ranging from 1 to 10b, with sensitivity to
    spilled oil increasing with Increasing numbers:

    ESI #   Shoreline Type

      1     Exposed, vertical rocky shores and seawalls
      2     Exposed rocky platforms
      3     Fine-grained sand beaches
     4     Coarse-grained sand beaches
      5     Mixed sand and gravel beaches and fill
     6     Gravel beaches and riprap
     7     Exposed tidal flats
      8     Sheltered rocky shores and seawalls
     9     Sheltered tidal flats
     l0a    Mangroves
     10b    Sheltered mangroves

    Thus, when equipment or manpower available during a spill
    is inadequate to protect the entire coastline, resources
    should be deployed to ensure that oil does not reach those
    areas  with  the  highest  ESI  numbers,   and   recommended
    cleanup techniques for other areas should be followed.

    Information  in  the  Atlas  also   Includes   distribution,
    abundance  and  seasonality  of  occurrence   of   wildlife;
    coastal commercial and recreational resources; and access
    and deployment locations for first, second, and third line
    defense measures.

    Summaries of the information In the Atlas and Report are
    Included in the Handbook for easy reference at a spill
    site.

                                23

                 SUMMARY OF SOUTH FLORIDA SHORELINE
                 TYPES AND CLEANUP RECOMMENDATIONS

    EXPOSED, VERTICAL ROCKY SHORES AND SEAWALLS (ESI=I)

    Physical Description

    *    Steep scarps in limestone bedrock:
        - Little or no sediments In Intertidal zone
        - Exposed to high wave energy
    *    Man-made, concrete or tightly cemented seawalls:
        - Generally extend below low-tide mark
         -  Located on shorelines  facing  open  ocean  or  open
            fetch  areas  exposed  to  high  waves   or   strong
            currents
        -  Usually  found  with   other   types   of   man-made
            structures   designed   for   shoreline   protection
            (riprap, fill)
         -  Subtidal  sediments  natural  or  dredged   bedrock,
            sand to boulder-sized fill, or natural sand with
            seagrass beds
         -  Usually  backed  by  low,  sandy  fill  or  concrete
            structures

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    On general exposed shores, no cleanup is necessary
    *    On less exposed shores:
         - High-pressure spraying may be effective while oil
            is still liquid
         -  Manual scraping of seawalls  may  be  necessary  for
            removal of tarry deposits
    *    Cleanup recommended  only  for  aesthetic  rather  than
         environmental reasons
    *    Cleanup should not remove attached algae if possible

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 24

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    EXPOSED ROCKY PLATFORMS (ESI=2)

    Physical Description

    *    Intertidal areas of  rocky  beach  cut  into  limestone
         platforms, with widths from 15 to 500 feet
    *    Platform surfaces Irregular, and  abundant  tide  pools
         common
    *    Sharp drop-off at seaward edges of platforms
    *    Platforms often covered by a thin  veneer  of  sediment
         (mud to cobble sized)
    *    Large  accumulations  of  seagrass  wrack  often  along
         high-tide line
    *    Located on bay-  and  ocean-facing  shores  exposed  to
         direct wave attack
    *    Narrow, sand and gravel beaches common
    *    Back beach vegetation controlled by slope:
         - Low-relief shores with mangroves
         - Higher-relief shores with terrestrial vegetation
    *    Access to shore in unpopulated areas very difficult

    Recommendations for Cleanup Activity

    *    Oiled wrack should be removed where present
    *    Within high-use recreational areas:
         -  High-pressure spraying of  rocks  may  be  effective
            with recovery of released oil
         -  Scraping  of  rocks  impossible  due  to   irregular
            surface
         - No further cleanup is recommended
    *    Cleanup efforts should not remove attached  plants  and
         animals unnecessarily

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 25

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    FINE-GRAINED SAND BEACHES (ESI=3)

    Physical Description

    *    Short stretches of beach,  with  very  low  volumes  of
         sand in the Florida Keys
    *    Located on ocean side of  the  Florida  Keys,  Virginia
         Key, and Key Biscayne
    *    Moderate to high wave activity
    *    Heavy wrack accumulations along high-tide line
    *    In the Florida Keys:
         - Offshore areas generally shallow
         - Subtidal grass flats overlying bedrock
    *    Usually high-use recreational areas with good access.

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    Cleanup should commence  only  after  majority  of  oil
         has accumulated so sand removal is minimized
    *    Cleanup  should  concentrate  on  removal  of  oil  and
         oiled wrack accumulated on upper swash zone
    *    Manual labor most desirable  since  these  beaches  are
         small In area and highly accessible
    *    Oiled  sediment  and  beach  wrack  should  be  removed
         carefully from upper intertidal  zones,  preferably  by
         shovels although mechanical methods may be used with
         caution
    *    No attempts should be made to remove buried oil
    *    In areas  where  heavy  accumulations  of  beached  oil
         occur, bird hazing techniques should be employed to
         prevent oiling of shorebirds
    *    Cleanup activities should avoid physical  contact  with
         natural dune vegetation

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 26

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    COARSE-GRAINED SAND BEACHES (ESI=4)

    Physical Description

    *    Beaches north of Virginia Key:
         - Mostly renourlshed; composed of quartz and shell
            fragments
        - Characterized by narrow, steep beach faces with
            wide, high back beaches
    *    Beaches south of Virginia Key:
        -  Mostly   natural;   composed   of   locally-produced
            carbonate sediment
        -  Very narrow; usually less than  10  m  wide  between
            dune and low water
        - Heavy accumulations of wrack common
    *    Low  to  moderate  wave  activity  under  fair  weather
         conditions; high wave activity during storms
    *    Very high-use recreational areas
    *    Most common beach type In South Florida

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    Cleanup should commence  only  after  majority  of  oil
         has accumulated so sand removal Is minimized
    *    Cleanup  should  concentrate  on  removal  of  oil  and
         oiled wrack on upper swash zone
    *    Mechanical methods should be used cautiously  and  only
         on nourished beaches
    *    Beaches  of  natural  sand   accumulation   (south   of
         Virginia Key) should be cleaned manually to minimize
         sand removal
    *    Sand  removal  should  be  closely  monitored  on   all
         beaches
    *    Rapid  removal  of  beached  oil  prevents   subsurface
         burial and reduce duration of oil exposure
    *    Oiled sediments  and  beach  wrack  should  be  removed
         carefully from the upper Intertidal zones, preferably
         by shovels although mechanical methods may be used
         cautiously
    *    No attempt should be made to remove buried oil
    *    In areas  of  heavy  beached  oil  accumulations,  bird
         hazing  techniques  should  be  employed   to   prevent
         oiling of shorebirds

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 27

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    MIXED SAND AND GRAVEL BEACHES AND FILL (ESI=5)

    Physical Descrlptlon

    � Natural  send and gravel beaches:
         -  Coarse  material  composed  of   shell and   coral
            fragments
        - Located in areas of high wave activity
    � Sand and gravel fill:
        -  Composed of very poorly-sorted  mixture  of  mud  to
            cobble sediments
        -  Can  be  very  hard  packed  with   mobile   surface
            sediment
        -  Beach sediment grain size and  sorting  not  always
            related to wave conditions, thus high or low wave
            activity present
        - Profile generally artificially steepened
        - Usually easily accessible
        - Back beach characteristically steeply sloping
    *    Toe  of  beach  face  generally  composed  of  coarser,
         better sorted sediment
    *    Wrack accumulations can be heavy in the Florida Keys

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    Cleanup should commence  only  after  majority  of  oil
         has reached the beach
    � Oiled wrack and debris deposits should be removed
    *    Low-   and   high-pressure   spraying   may   be   used
         effectively
    *    Mechanical scraping and/or  reworking  of  sediment  Is
         not recommended nor effective
    *    Cleanup  by  mechanical  means  should  be  used   with
         extreme care to avoid excessive sediment removal

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 28

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    GRAVEL BEACHES AND RIPRAP (ESI=6)

    Physical Description

    *    Predominantly   gravel-   to    boulder-sized    riprap
         revetments
    *    Riprap   generally   composed   of   local   limestone;
         boulders very irregular in size and shape
    *    Moderate  to  high  wave  activity,  but  sporadic   In
         frequency
    *    Large accumulations of wrack south of Miami
    *    On riprap shores, little or no  beach  exposed  at  low
         tide
    �    Subtidal sediments adjacent to riprap  structures  tend
         to be finer grained, better sorted, and naturally
         occurring

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    On gravel  beaches,  heavily  oiled  wrack  and  debris
         should be removed
    *    Sediment removal should be minimized
    *    High-pressure spraying of  oiled  riprap  may  help  In
         cleaning  exposed  surfaces,  but  would  have   little
         effect on oil penetrated deeply into the rock
    *    Removal of riprap Is not recommended

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                29

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    EXPOSED TIDAL FLATS (ESI=7)

    Physical Description

    *    Vary in width up to tens of meters
    *    Sediment  composition  dominated  by  sand  with  minor
         amounts of mud
    *    Moderate to high wave activity and tidal currents
    *    Migrating sand bars often present on seaward  limit  of
         flats
    *    Located in open bays, in the lee of  offshore  islands,
         or near tidal inlets
    *    Generally fringed by mangroves
    *    Can be sparsely to heavily vegetated by sea grasses
    *    Uncommon in South Florida due to small tidal range

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    Cleanup  Impossible  in most  areas   due   to   soft,
         water-saturated sediments and inaccessibility
    *    Cleanup should concentrate  on  oil  and  oiled  debris
         removal from high-tide line
    *    Heavy machinery should not be used in  order  to  avoid
         mixing oil into sediments

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 30.

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    SHELTERED ROCKY SHORES AND SEAWALLS (ESI=8)

    Physical Description

    a Rocky shores composed of limestone bedrock:
         - Very narrow beaches with vertical scarps and no
            sediment
         - Pitted and irregular surfaces
         - Low-energy wave and current environments
         Man-made concrete seawalls:
         - Dominate shorelines along interior and sheltered
            areas In populated areas
         - Structures extend beneath low-water level
         -  Generally  vertical  or  nearly  so,   with   smooth
            regular surfaces
    *    Very common in South Florida

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    Low- and high-pressure spraying may be  effective  with
         recovery of oil released during cleanup operations
    *    Large  accumulations  warrant  the  use  of  booms  and
         skimmers

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                31

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    SHELTERED TIDAL FLATS (ESI=9)

    Physical Description

    *    Composed of soft mud
    *    Sheltered from waves and/or strong tidal currents
    *    Very shallow, even at high tide
    *    Very inaccessible
    *    Frlnged by dwarf mangroves
    *    Uncommon in South Florlda

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    No cleanup is recommended  since  such  operations  are
         likely to be more harmful than oil impact
    *    Under  heavy  accumulations,  when  cleanup  is  deemed
         necessary to prevent chronic oil pollution, sorbent
         boom may be deployed above low-tide line to absorb
         oil as It Is slowly released, but it must be replaced
         frequently to be effective

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                32

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Cont'd.)

    MANGROVES (ESI=10A)

    Physical Description

    *    Possibility  of  exposure  to  relatively   high   wave
         activity and currents
    *    Heavy wrack deposits in storm  swash  lines  throughout
         forests
    *    Sediment ranges from thin layers of  sand  and  mud  to
         muddy peat on bedrock
    *    Topographic profile generally flat
         Exposed, fringing forests on windward side  of  Florida
         Keys often have a low sand ridge adjacent to shore
    *    Forests can range in width from 6 to 600 feet
    *    Rendered inaccessible  by  density,  width,  elevation,
         and sediment type
    *    Very common shoreline type in South Florida

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    No cleanup recommended
    *    Recovery would be natural (though  slow)  with  regular
         and storm-generated flushing
    *    Placement of sorbent boom  along  the  mangrove  fringe
         can significantly reduce quantity of oil penetrating
         the forest
    *    With  heavy  accumulations,  when  cleanup  Is   deemed
         necessary to prevent chronic pollution of surrounding
         areas,  low-pressure  flushing  (used  in   conjunction
         with sorbent boom) may be  effective  in  cleaning  oil
         from prop roots  of  fringing  mangroves  (only  during
         periods of ebbing tides)
    *    No  attempts  should  be   made   to   clean   interior
         mangroves

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 33

    SUMMARY OF SHORELINE TYPES (Contrd.)

    SHELTERED MANGROVES (ESI=lOb)

    Physical Description

    *    Located in bays and basins  well-sheltered  from  waves
         and tidal currents
    *    Sediments composed of thin to  thick  deposits  of  mud
         or irregular rock surface
    *    Very flat topographic profiles

    Recommendations for Cleanup

    *    No  cleanup  of  light  to  moderate  accumulations  Is
         recommended
    *    With  heavy  accumulations,  to  prevent  chronic   oil
         pollution of surrounding areas, placement of sorbent
         along fringe mangrove forests (to absorb oil as it is
         slowly  released)  may   be   effective   under   close
         scientific supervision
    *    No attempt should be made to clean Interior mangroves
    *    Proper strategic boom placement In  sheltered  lagoonal
         areas  can  be  highly  effective  in  trapping   large
         quantities of oil, thus reducing the amount of oil
         reaching interior mangrove forests

    See pages 37-46 for specific cleanup techniques.

                                 34

                        SUMMARY OF SOUTH FLORIDA SHORELINE
                            SENSITIVITY AND PROTECTION

    Area            Resource              Potential Impact      Priority Response

    Boca Raton       *  Beaches      �       Tourism -          *  First I Ine of
    Inlet to                                 height in winter      defense
    Virginia Key                                                *  Manual and natural
                                                                  cleanup to avoid
                                                                  Increased beach
                                                                  erosion
                                         a Nesting turtles   *  Transplant eggs
                                            Loggerheads:          (appropriate wild-
                                              May-Sept.           life agency)
                                            Leatherbacks:
                                              April I-July
                    *  Offshore reefs   *  Toxic effects       *  Avoid cleanup that
                                            of light, vola-       pushes oil Into
                                            tile petroleum        surf
                                            products
                    *  Lagoonal          *  Damage to man-    *  Secondary line of
                       systems:             groves, bird          defense at inlets:
                       - sheltered          rookeries, and        - Port Everglades
                         sensitive         manatee winter-        - Government Cut
                         habitats           Ing areas             - Boca Raton
                       - sheltered       *  Oiled structures      - Norris Cut
                         manmade            require extensive
                         structures        cleanup

    Key Biscayne    *  Beaches            * Tourism             *  Same as above
    to Key Largo             a               Turtles
                    *  National parks   *  Interrupt re-       *  First line of
                                            creatlonal use        defense
                    *  Very sensitive                          *  Second line of
                       and valuable                               defense at major
                       natural                                    Inlets.
                       resources                               *  Third line of de-
                                                                  fense - sorbent
                                                                  and deflection
                                                                  boom near shel-
                                                                  tered mangroves

    Rodriquez Key   *  Exposed shore    *  Minor, short-        *  Natural cleanup
    to Marathon                              term damage           should be rela-
                                                                  tively rapid
                    * Sheltered          *  Impacts on wild- �   Secondary line
                      sensitive areas       life habitat,         of defense at
                                            fisheries, and       - Plantation Key
                                            manmade structures   - Matecumbe Keys

    Ohio Key to     *  Sheltered          *  Impacts on wild-  *  First line of
    Dry Tortugas        sensitive areas      life habitat,         defense
                                            fisheries, and    *  Reflection and
                                            manmade struc-        sorbent booming
                                            tures                 of mangroves (3rd
                                                                  line of defense)

                                         35

    OIL CLEANUP MEASURES

                                THE EFFECTS OF CLEANUP METHODS

                                            Conditions and
    Cleanup Method       Description          Requirements

    1. Removal Methods

    Motor grader/       Motor grader         Area open to traf-
    elevating scraper   forms windrows       fic.  Heavy equip-
                        for pickup by       ment access.
                        scraper.             ESI=3, 4.

    Elevating           Elevating            Area open to traf-
    scraper             scraper picks up    fic.  Heavy equip-
                        contaminated        ment access.
                        material direct-    ESI=3, 4.
                         ly off beach.

    Motor grader/       Motor grader         Area open to traf-
    front-end           forms windrows       fic.  Heavy equip-
    loader              for pickup by ment access.  Slow-
                         front-end           er than above
                         loader.             methods.
                                            ESI=3, 4.

    Front-end           Front-end loader    Area open to rub-
    loader; rubber-     picks up eateri-   ber-tired traffic.
    tired or tracked    al directly off      Heavy equipment
                        beach and hauls it  access.  Accumula-
                        to unloading area.  tions moderate.
                                            Preferred for
                                            gravel.
                                            ESI=3, 4, 5.

    Bulldozer;          Bulldozer pushes    Where penetration is
    rubber-tired        contaminated sub-   deep, oil accumula-
    front-end           strate Into piles   tions heavy, and
    loader              for pickup by        area will support
                        front-end loader. limited traffic.
                                            Heavy equipment
                                            access.
                                             ESI=3, 4, 5, 6.

                                37

    ON SOUTH FLORIDA SHORELINES

    Physical Effect
       of Use                Biological Effect of Use

    Removes only upper        Removes shallow burrowing poly-
    3 cm bf beach.            chaetes, bivalves, and amphi-
                             pods. Recolonization likely to
                             rapidly follow natural replen-
                             ishment of the substrate.

    Removes upper 3 to        Removes shallow and deeper bur-
    10 cm of beach.           rowing polychaetes, bivalves,
    Minor reduction of        and amphipods.  Restabilization
    beach stability.          of substrate possibly slow; re-
    Erosion and beach         colonization likely to follow
    retreat unlikely.         natural replenishment of sub-
                             strate; reestablishment of long-
                              lived indigenous fauna may take
                             several years.

    Removes only upper        Removes shallow burrowing poly-
    3 cm of beach.            chaetes, bivalves, and amphi-
                              pods. Recolonization likely to
                              rapidly follow natural replen-
                              ishment of the substrate.

    Removes 10 to 25 cm       Removes almost all shallow and
    of beach.  Reduction      deep burrowing organisms.  Re-
    of beach stability        stabilization of the physical
    may result in some        environment slow; new faunal
    erosion and beach         community could develop In the
    retreat.                  Interim.

    Removes 15 to 50 cm       Removes all organisms.  Resta-
    of beach.  Reduction      bilization of substrate and re-
    of beach stability,       population of Indigenous fauna
    may result in cliff       is extremely slow; new faunal
    retreat or inunda-        community could develop in the
    tion of backshores.       interim.

                                   38

                                THE EFFECTS OF CLEANUP METHODS

                                              Conditions and
    Cleanup Method       Description            Requirements

    Removal Methods (Cont'd.)

    Sump and pump/       Oil collects in       To remove surface,
    vacuum               sump as it moves    fluid oil on firm
                        down the beach       substrate, in con-
                        and is removed       junction with di-
                         by pump or           version booms with
                        vacuum truck.         long-shore current.
                                             Heavy equipment
                                             access.
                                             ESI=1-5, 8.

    Manual removal       Oiled sediments       To remove scattered
    of oiled             and debris are        oily debris on
    materials            removed by hand,    shores with no
                        shovels, rakes,      equipment access.
                        wheelbarrows,        Least environmental
                        etc.                 damage.  Scraping
                                             tools, disposal
                                             containers, foot
                                             access. ESI=2-6.

    Manual               Oil Is scraped        To remove light oil
    scraping             from substrate        residue from sea-
                        manually using       walls.  Difficult
                        hand tools.          on irregular sur-
                                             faces common in
                                             South Florida.
                                             Foot or light ve-
                                             hicular access.
                                             ESI=I, 8.

    Beach cleaner        Commercial beach    To pick up hard
                        cleaning machine    patties or tar
                        Is pulled across    balls on large
                        beach.               beaches open to
                                             traffic.
                                             ESI=3, 4.

    Manual               Hand scattering       To remove pooled or
    sorbent              of sorbent mat-       small amounts of
    application          erial with raking   floating,  light
                        up and disposal      nonsticky oil.
                        when oil is          Needs foot or boat
                        soaked.              access and dispos-
                                             al containers.
                                             Labor intensive.
                                             ESI=1-6, 8.

                               39

    ON SOUTH FLORIDA SHORELINES (Cont'd.)

     Physical Effect
         of Use                Biological  Effect of Use

    Requires excavation        Removes organisms at sump Ioca-
    of a sump 60 to 120        tion.  Potentially toxic effects
    cm deep on shoreline.    from oil left on the shoreline.
    Some oil will proba-       Recovery depends on persistence
    bly remain on beach.       of oil at the sump.

    Removes 3 cm or less       Removes and disturbs shallow
    of beach.  Selective       burrowing organisms.  Rapid
    removal of material.       recovery.
    Sediment disturbance
    minimal.

    Selective removal of       Removes some organisms from the
    material.  Labor-          substrate, crushes others.  Oil
    intensive activity        not removed or recovered can be
    can disturb sediments.   toxic to organisms repopulating
                             the rocky substrate or inhabit-
                              Ing shore-zone downslope of
                             cleanup activities.

    Disturbs upper 5 to        Disturbs shallow burrowing
    10 cm of beach.           organisms.

    Selective removal of       Foot traffic may crush some
    material.  Labor-          organisms.
    Intensive activity
    can disturb sediments.

                                   40

                              THE EFFECTS OF CLEANUP METHODS

                                             Conditions and
    Cleanup Method       Description            Requirements

    Removal Methods (Cont'd.)

    Sorbent booms        Deployment of         Most useful In
                        sorbent booms        small, heavily
                        near shore to        oiled, sheltered
                        absorb oil as        areas to minimize
                        It is released.      recontamination as
                                             oil is naturally
                                             removed.
                                             ESI=9, 10.

    Manual cutting                             To remove oiled
    of vegetation                              vegetation, ex-
                                             cluding mangroves,
                                             subject to scien-
                                             tific consultation.

    2. Mechanical Dispersal

    High pressure        High-pressure         Preferred to remove
    flushing (hydro-    water streams          oil from rocky
    blasting), low       remove oil from       scarps, platforms,
    temperature          substrate where       riprap and seawalls.
                         it is channeled      Light vehicular
                        to recovery area.   access.  Recovery
                                             equipment.
                                             ESI=I, 2, 6, 8.

    Steam-cleaning       Steam removes oil   To remove sticky
                         from substrate       oil from rocky
                         where it Is chan-   scarps, platforms,
                         neled to recovery   riprap and seawalls.
                         area.                Light vehicular
                                             access. Recovery
                                             equipment. Fresh
                                             water supply.
                                             Generally not
                                              recommended.
                                              ESI=I, 2, 6, 8.

                                41

    ON SOUTH FLORIDA SHORELINES (Cont'd.)

    Physical Effect
        of Use                Biological Effect of Use

    Some disruption of        Foot and boat traffic may disrupt
    sediments during fre-    organisms.
    quent changes of sor-
    bent. Labor-intensive.

    Disturbs sediments        Removes and crushes some organ-
    because of extensive      Isms.  Rapid recovery.  Heavy
    use of labor; can         foot traffic can cause root
    cause erosion.            damage and subsequent slow
                             recovery.

    Can disturb surface       Removes some organisms and shells
    of substrate.             from the substrate, damage to
                              remaining organisms variable.
                             Oil not recovered can be toxic to
                             organisms downslope of cleanup
                             activities.

    Adds heat ( > 100�C)      Removes some organisms from sub-
    to surface.               strate but mortality due to the
                              heat is more likely. Empty
                              shells remaining may enhance re-
                              population. Oil not recovered
                              can be toxic to organisms down-
                              slope of cleanup activities.

                                   42

                               THE EFFECTS OF CLEANUP METHODS

                                            Conditions and
    Cleanup Method       Description           Requirements

    Mechanical Dispersal (Cont'd.)

    Sandblasting        Sand moving at       Last resort to re-
                       high velocity       move thin tarry
                        removes oil from    oil residue from
                        substrate.          seawalls for aes-
                                            thetic reasons.
                                            Light vehicular
                                            access. Oil must
                                            be semi-solid.
                                            Supply of clean
                                            sand. Generally
                                            not recommended.
                                            ESI=i, 8.

    Low-pressure        Low-pressure         To remove scatter-
    flushing            water spray          ed or light oil and
                        flushes oil from    oil debris on
                        substrate where     shores with no
                        It Is channeled     heavy equipment
                       to recovery         access.  Recovery
                        points. equipment.  Light
                                            vehicular access.
                                            Least environmen-
                                            tally damaging
                                            method.
                                            ES1=2-6.

    3. Mixing

    Push contaminat-    Bulldozer pushes    To speed natural
    ed substrate Into   contaminated sub-   cleaning of gravel
    surf                strate Into surf    beaches in high
                        zone to accelerate  wave energy condi-
                        natural cleaning.   tions where sedi-
                                            ment removal is not
                                            available. Heavy
                                            equipment access.
                                            Generally not
                                            applicable to South
                                            Florida.
                                            ESI=5, 6 (limited
                                            use).

                             43

    ON SOUTH FLORIDA SHORELINES (Cont'd.)

    Physical Effect
        of Use                Biological Effect of Use

    Adds material to the      Removes all organisms and shells
    environment.  Poten-      from the substrate.  Oil not
    tlal recontamination,    recovered can be toxic to organ-
    erosion, and deeper       Isms downslope of cleanup activi-
    penetration into sub-    ties.
    strate.

    Does not disturb          Leaves most organisms alive and
    surface to any great      In place.  Oil not recovered can
    extent.  Potential        be toxic to organisms downslope
    for recontamination.      of cleanup.

    Disruption of top layer Kills most of the organisms in-
    of substrate; leaves      hablting the uncontaminated sub-
    some oil In intertidal   strate.  Recovery of organisms
    area.  Potential recon-  usually more rapid than with
    tamination both on- and removal of substrate.
    off-shore.

                                 44

                               THE EFFECTS OF CLEANUP METHODS

                                             Conditions and
    Cleanup Method Description                Requirements

    Mixing (Cont'd.)

    Break up            Tractor fitted       Used in high wave
    pavement            with a ripper is   energy areas where
                        operated up and      heavy oils and
                        down beach.         residues have
                                            created a pavement
                                            on coarse-grained
                                            beach sediments.
                                            Heavy equipment
                                            access. Generally
                                            not applicable to
                                            South Florida.
                                            ESI=5, 6 (limited
                                            use).

    4. Natural Recovery

    No cleanup          No action taken.    Used for light
                        Oil left to de-     accumulation on
                        grade naturally.    low priority
                                            shores or areas
                                            with difficult
                                            accessibility.
                                            Recommended for
                                            sheltered tidal
                                            flats and most
                                            mangrove-dominat-
                                            ed shorelines.
                                            ESI=1-10.

    NOTE: See pp. 56-57 for Federal cleanup techniques and
           policies; p. 64 for State.

                            45

    ON SOUTH FLORIDA SHORELINES (Cont'd.)

    Physical Effect
        of Use                Biological Effect of Use

    Disruption of sedi-        Disturbs shallow and deep
    ments.  Leaves oil         burrowing organisms.
    on beach.

    Some oil may remain        Potential toxicity effects and
    on beach and could         smothering by the oil.  Poten-
    contaminate clean          tlal Incorporation of oil into
    areas.                     the food web.  Potential elimina-
                             tion of habitat if organisms will
                             not settle on residual oil.

                                      46

                 DECISION KEY FOR CLEANUP OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES

    I Substrate    Amount                                                  Cleanup
        Type         o                                                    Technique

                                 Can              YES 1
                                 Can              YES             )   Motor Grader
        Fine                    Shoreline                                 Elevating
             Sand  Medium      Sediment                                   Scraping
                              Be Removed                     L        Front-End Loader
                     TO  w/     o Causing
                               Erosion of                    YES         Bulldozer
      Coars         High       Beaches?   N
       Sand         High                              Can             _------
                                                Sediment Be
                                                  I Replaced        Sump and Pump
                                                 If Removed?          Vacuum Truck
       Mixed                                                    NO     Beach Cleaner
      GSand and                                                        Manual Removal
      Gravel
         Fill      Light or  Natural Recovery
                  Tar Balls                                            Low Pressure
                  On Beach                                                Flushing
                                                                       Sorbents

                                                                    Low Temperature
                                                                      Hydroblasting
                        Ex~~~~~~~~~posed~~ ^                           Manual Scraping
     Rocky Shore                                                          w/Removal
     or Platform                                                       High Temperature
                                                                      Hydroblasting
                                                                     Sandblasting
      Seawalls                                                    /     Vacuum Truck
                                                                    Sorbents
                      ~~~~~~~~~~Rip Rap                        It      Low Pressure
                                                                        Flushing
                                                                    Natural Recovery

      Mangroves                                                    \    Manual Cutting
      nSheltered                                                       Natural Recovery
      Mangrovesl
        Beach                                                           Sorbent Boom
      Vegetation/

                                         47

           THE RATE OF CLEANUP (HOURS PER ACRE) BY METHOD

                                              ROUGH ESTIMATE OF
    RELATIVE                                    CLEANING RATE* IN
    RANK       CLEANUP METHOD                   HOURS PER ACRE

       1)      Steam cleaning                        67.5

       2)      Manual cutting                        62.3

       3)      Sandblasting                          54.0

       4)      High-pressure flushing                45.0
               (hydroblasting)

       5)      Combination bulldozer/                10.0
               front-end loader

       6)      Front-end loader (rubber-              6.6
               tired), tracked

       7)      Combination motor grader/ 2.4
               front-end loader (rubber-
               tired), tracked

       8)      Push contaminated                      2.0
               substrate into surf

       9)      Combination motor grader/              1.0
               elevating scraper

      10)      Elevating scraper                      1.0

      11)      Breaking up pavement                   0.6

      12)      Beach cleaner                          0.5

    * These rates are based on 100 foot hauling distance.

                                48

                      KEY TO WILDLIFE MARKERS

    The Environmental Sensitivity Atlas and Technical Report
    (refer  page  23) contain  extensive  information  on   the
    location, range, seasonality and species of South Florida
    coastal wildlife. The symbols below are used throughout
    the Atlas to identify wildlife considerations that must be
    taken Into account in oil spill prevention and cleanup
    decision making.

       KEY TO WILDLIFE MARKERS

                                                SUMMER
                  DOT: SEASONS                      (JJA)
                  COLOR =TYPE OF ORGANISM   SPRING       FALL
        \ .7_..SYMBOL  ECOLOGICAL TYPE    (MAM)            (SON)
         \'~  ~    NUMBER  SPECIES WINTERDJF

                         -  POINT LOCALITY
                         I     RANGE
                          AREA

    Familiarity with these symbols should aid prompt action to
    protect wildlife In the event of a spill.

                                49

                       SUMMARY OF WILDLIFE OIL SENSITIVITY,
                              PREVENTION, AND CLEANUP

    Animal Type        Sensitivity              Prevention            Cleanup

    Resident Mammals: � Possible respira-    * Hazing or            � Clear or
      Manatee or         tory stress due         scaring of           remove oiled
      Sea Cow           to Inhaling oil          animals from         vegetation
                        or fumes                oiled areas*
                      * Poisoning due to      *  Rooming of vega-
                         Ingestion of oil        tated areas In
                        on vegetation           manatee habitat
                                                to prevent oiling

     Key Oeer        *� Possible contaml-    * Booming of man-   * Clean oiled
                        nation of food          grdve areas          vegetation
                      * Possible oiling of   � Hazing animals    * No methods for
                        animals if swimming    from oiled            animal cleanup
                                                areas*               have been
                                                                    developed

    Coastal Birds      � Oiling and altera-   e Hazing of birds   � Clean oiled
                        tion of feeding         away from oiled      habitat
                        habitat                 areas - avoid      * Clean oiled
                      *Oiling of birds and    near rookeriesx        birds**
                        subsequent loss of   * Greatest efforts
                         Insulation and          should be made
                        waterproofing           during breeding
                      * Ingestion of oil from  season when most
                        preening feathers may  Impact would
                        result In internal      occur.
                        organ degeneration
                        and hemorrhaging of
                        digestive tract

    Reptiles:          � Nest on beaches -  a  Divert oil from    * Transplant
      Sea Turtles       oiling of adults         nesting areas         eggs from
                        and young             * Hazing animals        oiled to un-
                          Loggerhead:           from oiled areasa    oiled areas*
                            May-Sept.                               * Clean oil
                          Leatherback:                                from animal
                            April-July                                and deliver
                      * Offshore oiling                               to wildlife
                         Inhibits respire-                             agency for
                        tion and swimming                             safe release

      Crocodiles      � Oiling of habitat    * Divert oil from    . Transplant
                      aEspecially sensl-        habitat               eggs*
                        tive during nest-
                         Ing: April-August

       Only appropriate wildlife authorities should do this.

    �a Should only be done under direction of trained personnel
       (see Directory, pages 86-87, for contacts).

                                          50

                       SUMMARY OF LESS SENSITIVE HABITATS AND
                              ANIMALS IN SOUTH FLORIDA

    Habitat/Animal    Sensitivity                        Actions

    Coral Reefs         . If submerged, oil can          . If equipment Is available,
                         float over                       oil  should be diverted
                       * If oiling does occur,   a        Long-term monitoring after
                         long-term effects may            a spill necessary to detect
                         result                           most coral responses

    Seagrasses         * If submerged, oil can           * If equipment Is available,
                         float over                       oil should be diverted
                       * Grasses smothered in           * Long-term monitoring
                         Puerto Rilco showed no
                         significant damage
                       * In temperate areas,
                         acutely toxic effects
                         have been seen, but
                         few chronic effects

    Whales and          * Eye irritation and             * Hazing by appropriate wild-
    Dolphins              respiratory stress               life authorities may pre-
                         may result                       vent animals from entering
                                                        oiled areas

    Marine Fisheries  * No Impacts have been             * Long-term monitoring should
                         observed during or after         be conducted
                         other spills                  * No prevention or cleanup
                                                        methods have been
                                                        developed

    Inshore Fishes    * Acutely toxic effects on    * Long-term monitoring should
    and Shellfish         larval fishes can occur          be conducted
                       * Actual (or perceived)          * No prevention or cleanup
                         tainting of flesh has            methods have been
                         been claimed                     developed

                                          51

    LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

                  FEDERAL LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

    Federal oil spill response authority is divided between:

         The U.S.  Coast Guard - Coastal areas

         The U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency  -  Inland
          areas

    On-Scene Coordinator (OSC)

    * Captain of the Port of Miami (COPM)

       -  The  first  federal  official  from  an  agency   with
          responsibility under the National Contingency Plan
          (NCP) will coordinate activities until the arrival
          of the OSC.

    *  Primary responsibilities

       - collect all pertinent facts about the discharge.

       - direct response operations in Federal fund-financed
          efforts and coordinates all other Federal efforts.

       - consult regularly with Regional Response Team (RRT)
          and Scientific Support Coordinator (SSC).

       - advise the appropriate state agency of all reported
          discharges.

       -  Immediately  advise   Federal   Emergency   Management
          Agency of potential major disaster situations.

          develop and maintain a contingency plan.

          provide documentation necessary for cost recovery.

    *  Actions when spill occurs

          Notify responsible party of liability  for  spill  and
          determine if party is taking proper removal action.

       - If so, monitor actions.

          If  not,  or  If  responsible  party  Is  not   known,
          initiate   Federal    response    action,    including
          contracting with cleanup firm(s) and coordinating
          State and local agency action.

                                53

    Federal Regional Response Team (RRT)

    The RRT is responsible for planning and preparedness for
    oil  and  hazardous  substances  spills.       During   actual
    spills, RRT members are called as necessary to assist the
    OSC.

    Federal Agency RRT Membership:

    Department of Transportation    - Commander, Coast Guard
                                      District in which spill
                                      incident occurs

    Environmental Protection Agency - EPA Region IV, Atlanta, GA

    Department of Commerce           - NOAA Ocean Assessment Dlv.
                                      Rockvillle, MD

    Department of Interior           - Fish & Wildlife Service
                                      Atlanta, GA

    Department of Defense            - Sixth Naval District
                                      Charleston, S.C.
                                      First U.S. Army
                                      Fort Meade, MD.
                                      Corps of Engineers
                                      South Atlantic Division
                                      Atlanta, GA

    Department of Agriculture        - Southern Region
                                      U.S. Forest Service
                                      Atlanta, GA

    Department of State              - Department of State
                                      Washington, DC

    Department of Justice            - U.S. Attorney for area
                                      In which spill occurs

    Department of Energy             - Savannah River Operations
                                      Office, Aiken, SC

    Department of Labor              - OSHA Technical Support
                                      Atlanta, GA

    Department of Health and         - Public Health Service
    Human Services                     Atlanta, GA

    Federal Emergency                - Atlanta, GA
    Management Agency

    See pages 67-69 for telephone numbers.

                               54

    FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

    Florida Membership on RRT:

    Department of Natural Resources
    Department of Environmental Regulation
    Bureau of Emergency Management

    See pages 70-71 for telephone numbers.

    National Response Team (NRT)

    The NRT, located  at  Washington,  D.C.,  U.S.  Coast  Guard
    Headquarters, also called the National Response Center
    (NRC),   is   responsible   for   national   planning    and
    coordination.

    Federal Legal Authority

    Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1977 (FWPCA) as
    amended.

    *  Prohibition

      33 USC 1321(b)(3) prohibits the discharge of a harmful
      quantity of oil or hazardous substances Into or upon
       navigable waters of the United States.

      - Navigable waters extend to a distance of 12 miles
         offshore.

      -  A  "harmful  quantity"  of  oil  is  defined  as   any
         quantity discharged which causes "a film or sheen
         upon or discoloration of the surface of the water or
         adjoining  shorelines...    or  causes  a  sludge   or
         emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the
         water  or   upon   adjoining   shorelines"   (40   CFR
         110.3(d).

    *  Reporting

      33 USC 1321(b)(S) requires the person In charge of any
       vessel or facility from which a discharge in violation
      of the Act occurs to notify the Coast Guard or EPA
       immediately (See page 65 for information required).

    * Penalties

      - A criminal penalty of not more than $10,000 or
         Imprisonment for not more than one year, or both,
         will be assessed against the responsible party for
         failure to report a spill.

                                55

    FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

       - A penalty of not more than $5,000 will be assessed
          against the owner or operator of the facility or
         vessel  from  which  the  discharge  occurs  (33   CFR
          1321(d)(c)).

    *  Responsibility for Containment and Removal

       Section 311(c)(1) of the Clean Water Act requires the
       Federal government to remove or arrange for the removal
       of oil or hazardous substances, if such removal Is not
       being properly done by the discharger.

      - Cleanup Is considered necessary when It will limit
         environmental damage caused by the spill.

    *  Recovery of Costs

      Under 33 CFR 1321(f)(I), the discharger is liable to
      the U.S. Government for actual costs Incurred in the
       removal of oil unless he can prove that the discharge
       was solely a result of:

              -  an act of God,
              -  an act of war,
              -  negligence on part  of  the  U.S.  Government,
                 or
              -  an act of omission by a third party.

    Federal Cleanup Techniques and Policy

    *  First, limit spread of oil to smallest possible area.

    *  Coast Guard response  is  limited  to  control,  removal,
       and  disposal  of  spilled  oil,  and  does  not  include
      restoration.

      -  Removal  is  defined  by   the   Fish   and   Wildlife
         Protection  and  Conservation  Act  (FWPCA)  as   "the
         taking  of  such  actions  as  may  be  necessary   to
         minimize or mitigate damage to the  public  health  or
         welfare  including,  but   not   limited   to,   fish,
         shellfish,   wildlife,   and   public   and    private
         property, shorelines, and beaches."

      - Coast Guard policy includes, as part of removal,
         repairing   unavoidable   damages   due   to   removal
         actions, such as replacement of sand and shoreline
         vegetation; however, if the damage to the

                                56

    FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

    vegetation or beach is a result of the pollution only, the
    replacement of these resources Is a restoration activity.
    Restoration   activities   are   the   responsibility    and
    financial burden of the appropriate government agencies.

    * Removal Techniques

         Mechanical Methods:

              -  First   priority    because    no    secondary
                 pollution results.

              -  Consolidation  of   oil   with   booms,   then
                 removal with mechanical skimming devices or
                 other appropriate recovery devices.

              -  Care   should    be    taken    to    minimize
                 environmental damage during removal.

         Manual Methods:

              - Sorbent material is used, either broadcast
                 or in boom form, and collected by hand as it
                 becomes saturated.

          Chemicals and Other Additives

              -  The  OSC,  with   concurrence   of   the   EPA
                  representative   to    the    RRT    and    in
                 consultation with  the  State,  may  authorize
                  the use of  dispersants  and  other  chemicals
                 on oil  spills,  provided  however  that 'such
                  dispersants and other chemicals must be on
                  the list of accepted dispersants prepared by
                  EPA.

               -  For  detailed  restrictions   and   guidelines
                  see: National Oil and Hazardous Substances,
                 Pollution Contingency Plan; Final Revision,
                  40 CFR Part  30  (47FR31180).    (Ref:    page
                 91).

    Federal Information Sources

    * Spill Cleanup Inventory System (SKIM)

       - Computerized system provides the OSC with location,
          type,  and   source   of   containment   and   cleanup
          equipment.

                                57

    FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

      - The SKIM system presently stores Information on the
          availability of the following types of equipment:

          Containment Boom             Dispersants
          Sorbents                     Biological Agents
          Surface Collecting Agents   Vacuum Trucks
         Pumping Systems              Floating Storage Equipment
         Beach Cleanup Equipment      Aircraft
         Boats                        Special Clothing/Safety
          Communications Equipment       Equipment
         Generators                   Disposal Facilities
          Skimmers

      - SKIM data is available at each Marine Safety Office
          and office of the Captain of the Port.

    * Pollutant Spill Trajectory Forecasting

      - The National Response Center (1-800-424-8802) can
          forecast the path of spills in both high seas and
          coastal areas for which sea currents are known.

       - The OSC can get trajectory forecasts from the NRC,
          or from the SSC working for NOAA.

    * Sample Analysis Laboratories

      -  The   Central   011   Identification   Laboratory   In
          Washington, D.C., is available to the Coast Guard
         OSC for matching oil samples.

       - Commercial Sampling Laboratories may be used when
          rapid analysis Is needed, as long as methods are
         compatible with Coast Guard methods.

    U.S. Coast Guard Operational Response Phases

    Phase   I : Discovery and Notification
    Phase  11 : Preliminary Assessment and Initiation of Action
    Phase 111 : Containment, Countermeasures, Cleanup,
               and Disposal
    Phase  IV : Documentation and Cost Recovery

                                58

                    U.S. COAST GUARD SPILL RESPONSE PHASES

    PHASE
    I                                 SPILL DISCOVERY
                                Note Characteristics (pp 7-8)

                                           1
            ~~~~~11        ~           ~NOTIFICATION
                               Appropriate Contacts (pp 10-12)

                                           1
                                   SPILL ASSESSMENT
                            Federal and State Authority (pp 53 & 60)

         MINORSPILLS                                MODERATE AND MAJORSPILLS
                                                               'I
                                                   Is Outside Assistance Needed?

                                 NO                              I      YES

        Is Spiller's Response Adequate?                OSC Notifies RRC and SSC -
                                                    Gives All Information On Spill
             YES NO
                          ~~~YE~~SL ~      ~ NO                 R~FIRT is Activated

                                         Does Spill Require On-Scene Assessment?

                                          NO                           YES
                                           I                             IJ
                                      RRT Advises      RRT Convenes Near Spill
                                        By Phone              -
                                                   Is Further Assistance Needed?

                                                 NO  YES
                                                                       I
                                                           NRT and Any Other
                                                        Assistance is Brought In

           OSC or Delegate   CONTAINMENT AND CLEANUP PROCEEDS (pp 3548)
           Monitors Spiller's
           Response Actions

                          K ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,
    IV               DOCUMENTATION AND COST RECOVERY (pp 56 & 63)

                                         59

               STATE OF FLORIDA LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

    Spill Response Activity and Coordination - General

    State  response  to  oil  spills  in   coastal   waters   is
    coordinated by the State Agency Coordinator (SAC), a staff
    member of the Department of  Natural  Resources.    The  SAC
    will provide all information to the State Response Team
    (SRT)  and  will  work  with  the  Federal  OSC  to   ensure
    coordination between State and Federal cleanup action.

    State Agency Coordinator (SAC)

    * A member of the Department of Natural Resources staff
       designated by Its Executive Director.

    * Primary Responsibilities of the SAC

       - responsible to the Chairman of the State Response
         Team (SRT) for coordination of the team during a
          coastal spill.

       - coordinate with the Federal OSC.

      - collect all Information concerning the spill and
         transmit to the SRT.

      - collect and verify all support documentation for
         cost recovery and expenditure reimbursement.

      - develop and maintain the State Contingency Plan.

      - approve all disbursements for cleanup.

    State Response Team Chairman

    * The Executive Director of FDNR

    * Primary Responsibilities

      - overall management and direction of SRT, Including
         authorization to activate, direct, and deactivate.

      -  principal  public   spokesman   for   SRT,   including
         authorization of information for the press.

      -  advises  the  Governor  regarding  the  need   for   a
         Declaration of Emergency Proclamation.

                                60

    STATE RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

    State Response Team (SRT)

    * The SRT Is the State body responsible for preparing for
       coastal  oil  spills,  acting  separately  from  but   in
       coordination  with  the  Federal  RRT.    During  spills,
      members of the SRT are activated as necessary to assist
       and advise the SRT Chairman and SAC.

    * State Agency SRT Membership

          Department of Natural Resources
          Department of Environmental Regulation
          Department of Veteran & Community Affairs
          Department of Commerce
          Department of Highway Safety & Motor Vehicles
          Department of Law Enforcement
          Department of Legal Affairs
          Department of Military Affairs
          Department of Transportation
          Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission
          Governor's Office
          Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services

       See pages 70-73 for telephone numbers.

    State Legal Authority

    Pollution Spill Prevention and Control Act, 1979, Chapter
    376, F.S.

    * Chapter 376 supports and complements the Federal Clean
       Water Act.

    * Discharge of pollutants into or on any coastal waters,
       estuaries, tidal flats, beaches, or lands adjoining the
       seacoast  of  the  State  in  any   manner   defined   by
       Subsection   376.011-376.21,   FlorIda    Statutes,    Is
       prohibited by 376.051, Florida Statutes.

    * Lead State Agency

       - For coastal spills, Department of Natural Resources

       -  For  Inland  spills,   Department   of   Environmental
          Regulation

          See page 9 for jurisdictional boundaries.

                                61

    STATE RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

    * Reporting

      - Chapter 16N-16.22, F.A.C., requires the pilot or
         master of any vessel or the person in charge of any
         terminal facility that has a pollutant discharge to
         notify the Florida Marine Patrol or the U.S. Coast
         Guard within one hour of  discovery.    (See  page  65
         for Information required).

    * Penalties

      - Suspension of state registration of a vessel or
         facility may be imposed if FDNR determines that
         unsatisfactory  preventive  measures  or   containment
         and  cleanup  capacities  were  the   reason   for   a
         discharge of pollutants.

      -  Violation  of  the  Act  Is  punishable  by  a   civil
         penalty of up to $50,000 per violation per day, to
         be assessed by FDNR; each day during any portion of
         which the violation occurs constitutes a separate
         offense.

    * Responsibility for Cleanup and Removal

      376.09(1), Florida Statutes:

      -  requires  the  person  responsible  for  a   discharge
         prohibited by the Act to contain, remove, and abate
         the discharge to the satisfaction of FDNR.

       -  authorizes  FDNR  to  remove  or  contract   for   the
          removal of a spill regardless of  performance  by  the
         person responsible for the spill.

       376.09(5) and (6), Florida Statutes:

       -  maintains  the  right  of   any   person   to   render
          assistance in containing or removing a pollutant.

       -  requires   prior   approval   by   FDNR   for    State
          reimbursement of costs incurred in dealing with a
          spill.

                                62

    STATE RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

    * Recovery of Costs

      Under 376.12(1) and (2), Florida Statutes, a discharger
       is liable to the State of Florida for all costs of
       cleanup or abatement, with an unlimited ceiling if the
       spill was the result of willful or gross negligence or
      misconduct.

      - Any person claimlng to have suffered damage as a
         result of a prohibited discharge of pollutants can
         apply to the State for compensation (see page 19 for
         procedure).

    State Spill Response Organization

    * Notification (see pages 10-14)

    *  Verification

      - The Florida Marine Patrol district office will send
         personnel to the spill site.

      - Within 2 hours of the spill, a Preliminary Oil or
         Hazardous   Pollutant   Spill    Report    is    made,
         determining the severity of  the  discharge:    minor,
         moderate, or major.

    * Response

      - Regardless of spill size, the Florida Marine Patrol
         will

         a)  conduct  an  investigation   of   the   spill   to
             substantiate the  State's  subsequent  billing  to
             the spiller,

         b)  provide  traffic  supervision  and   control   for
             water  transportation  routes  affected   by   the
             spill, and

         c)  conduct  on-scene  monitoring   of   all   cleanup
             activities by commercial contractors and others.

      - The degree of State Involvement In response will
          increase as the severity of the spill Increases.

      -  Members of the State Response Team  will  be  involved
         and the entire team activated as characteristics of
         the spill warrant.

                               63

    STATE RESPONSIBILITIES (Cont'd.)

    State Cleanup Techniques and Policies

    * Priorities and procedures are in accordance with those
      of the Federal government (see pages 56-57) with the
       following additional restrictions:

      -  Use  of  motorized  equipment  on  beaches  or  shores
         requires prior approval of FDNR (Chapter 16B-33,
         Florida Administrative Code).

      -  Emergency coastal control  line  permits  are  required
         from  FDNR  when  cleanup  could  alter  the  physical
         characteristics  of   beaches   of   shores   (Chapter
         168-33, Florida Administrative Code).

      -  Use of  chemical  dispersants  is  prohibited  without
         prior  written  consent   of   FDER   (memorandum   of
         understanding between FDNR and FDER).

                               64

                  SPILLER LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

    A spiller Is required to provide the following information
    to the Florida Marine Patrol and the U.S. Coast Guard:

    (a)  Name,  occupation,  title  and  telephone   number   of
         person making notification.
    (b) Type of pollutant spilled.
    (c) Location of spill (nearest city, river, bay, miles,
         etc.)
    (d)  Type  of  installation  or  carrier  Involved  in  the
         spill.
    (e) Estimated amount of pollutant spilled.
    (f) Date and time (local) of spill.
    (g) Persons and agencies already contacted.
    (h) Size and characteristics of area. already affected by
         the spill.
    (1) Containment and cleanup efforts to date.
    (j) Cause of spill If known.
    (k) Person or firm In charge of source.

    Make this report by phone within 1 hour of the spill to:

        Miami Marine Safety Office
         111 S.W. 3rd Street
        Miami, Florida
        Day or Night: (305) 350-5691

        Florida Marine Patrol:

        Dade or Broward counties
        District 6
        P. O. Box 381196-1196
         1275 N.E. 79th Street
         Miami, Florida 33138
        Day or Night: 305-325-3346
                 1-800-342-1829

        Monroe County
         District 9
         2835 Overseas Highway
         Marathon, Florida 33050
        Day: 305-743-6542
         Night: 904-488-5757
          1-800-342-1829

    Send a written report to these offices immediately.

                                65

    03)

                        DIRECTORY

                    FEDERAL REGIONAL RESPONSE TEAM

                                               New Contact/
    Current Contact                               Date of Change

    OSC

    Commander R. N. Roussel
    Marine Safety Office - Miami
    U.S. Coast Guard
    51 S.W. 1st Avenue
    Miami, FL 33130
    Day or night: 305-350-5691

    Chairman

    Primary:   Capt. A. E. Tanos, Chief
               Marine Safety Division
               Seventh Coast Guard Dist.
               Day:   305-350-5651
               Night: 305-350-5611

    Alternate: LCDR J. Wysocki, Chief

    Environmental Protection Agency

    ,PrTmary:   Mr. John White
               Regional Administrator
               EPA Region IV Atlanta
               Day or Night: 404-881-4727

    Alternate: Mr. Al Smith, Chief
               Oil and Hazardous
               Materials Division
               EPA Region IV Atlanta
               Day:   404-881-3931
               Night: 404-881-4096

    Department of Interior

    Primary:   Mr. James Lee
               U.S. Department of Interior
               Atlanta, GA
               Day:   404-221-4524
               Night: 404-939-8954

    Alternate: Mr. Waynon Johnson
               U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
               Day:   404-221-6343
               Night: 404-292-6732

                               67

    FEDERAL RESPONSE TEAM (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                               Date of Change

    Federal Emergency Management Agency

    Primary:   Mr. Russell Yarbrough
               Atlanta, GA
               Day:   404-881-3442
               Night: 404-873-4879

    Alternate: Glenn C. Woodward
               Atlanta, GA
               Day:   404-881-3442
               Night: 404-971-3327

    Dept. of Health & Human Services

    Primary:   Mr. Paul Roper
               Regionl Consultant
               Public Health Service
               Atlanta, GA
               Day:   404-242-2396
               Night: 404-876-5244

    Alternate: Mr. Jack Benson, Director
               Division of Preventive
               Health Services
               Day:   404-231-2313
               Night: 404-252-4571

    Dept. of State

    Contact will be made through the NRC.

    Dept. of Energy

    Primary:   Mr. R. C. Webb, Deputy Director
               Office of External Affairs
               Savannah River Operations Office
               Department of Energy, Alken SC
    Day or Night: 803-725-2889

    Alternate: Mr. John L. Merrick

    Dept. of Justice

    U.S. Attorney -
       Pensacola       904-946-5271
       Tallahassee    904-224-3186
       Jacksonville   904-946-2682
       Tampa           813-826-2941
       Orlando         305-946-6262
       Miami           305-350-4471   68

    FEDERAL RESPONSE TEAM (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Dept. of Defense U.S. Army

    Primary:   Mr. G. Steele
               First U.S. Army
               Fort Meade, MD
               Day:   301-677-2559
               Night: 301-677-4805

    Alternate: Mr. J. O'Nell
               First U.S. Army
               Fort Meade, MD
               Day:   301-677-2559
               Night: 301-677-4805

    Corps of Engineers

    Primary:   Mr. Ronald Moore
               South Atlantic Div.
               U.S. Army COE, Atlanta
               Day:   404-221-6792
               Night: 404-981-1850

    Alternate: Mr. Leo R. LaVlnka
               Day:   404-221-6792
               Night: 404-289-8786

    Dept. of the Navy

    Primary:  Mr. Dean Harr
              Code N 311
              Charleston Naval Base
              Charleston, SC
              Day:   803-743-4961
              Night: 803-871-8322

    Alternate: Duty Officer

    Dept. of Commerce (NOAA)

    Primary:   Louls W. Butler
               NOAA
               Rockville, MD
               Day:   301-443-8951
               Night: 301-977-9129

    Alternate: LCDR Stephen H. Manzo
               NOAA
               Miami, FL
               Day:   305-361-4307
               Night: 305-253-7062        69

                   STATE OF FLORIDA RESPONSE TEAM

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Chairman

    Dr. Elton Gissendanner
    Executive Director
    Department of Natural Resources
    Day or
    Night: 904-488-5757
         1-800-342-1829

    State Agency Coordinator (SAC)

    Primary:   Carolann DeFord Bowen
               Dept. of Nat. Resources
               1900 Commonwealth Blvd.
               Tallahassee, FL 32303
               Day:   904-488-1992
               Night: 904-488-5757
                    1-800-342-1829

    Alternate: Duty Officer
               Florida Marine Patrol
               Day or Night: 904-488-5757
                           1-800-342-1829

    Dept. of Natural Resources

    Primary:   Col. D. N. Ellingsen
               Florida Marine Patrol
               3900 Commonwealth Blvd.
               Tallahassee, FL 32303
               Day or Night: 904-488-5757

    Alternate: Floyd E. Adams
               Day or Night: 904-488-5757

               See page 10 for local Florida
               Marine Patrol phone numbers.

    Dept. of Veteran & Community Affairs

    Primary:   Bill Lee
               Bureau of Emergency Management
               1720 Gadsden Street
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
              Day or Night: 904-488-1320

    Alternate: Gordon Guthrle
              Day or Night: 904-488-1320

                               70

    FLORIDA RESPONSE TEAM (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Dept. of Environmental Regulation

    State Spill Coordinator (SSC)
    Primary:   Greg Lee
               Day:   904-488-0190
               Night: 904-997-8435

    Alternate: Jeff Taylor
               2600 Blair Stone Road
               Tallahassee, FL  32301
               Day:   904-488-0190
               Night: 904-576-4801

    Dept. of Law Enforcement

    Primary:   Willis Booth
               Day:   904-487-2503
               Night: 904-385-6815

    Alternate: Michael O'Connell
               Day:   904-488-3231
               Night: 904-893-0484

    Dept. of Commerce

    Primary:   Joe Martinez
               Room 510C, Collins Bldg.
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
               Day:   904-488-9377
               Night: 904-878-1478

    Alternate: Dean Gaiser
               Day:   904-488-5606
               Night: 912-385-4639

    Dept. of Legal Affairs

    Primary:   Bruce Barkett
               The Capitol
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
               Day:   904-488-9935
               Night: 904-224-0077

    Alternate: Kent Zaiser
               Day:   904-488-9935
               Night: 904-575-6976

                              71

    FLORIDA RESPONSE TEAM (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    Dept. of Highway Safety
    and Motor Vehicles

    Primary:   Capt. Z. J. Smallwood
               Florida Highway Patrol
               Neil Kirkman Bldg.
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
               Day:   904-488-5370
               Day or Night: 904-488-8676

    Alternate: Lt. Raker
               Day or Night: 904-488-8676

    Dept. of Transportation

    Primary:   Charles R. Miller
               Burns Bldg.
               605 Suwannee St.
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
               Oay:   904-488-3547
               Night: 904-877-4988

    Alternate: Robert A. Layette
               Day:   904-488-3546
               Night: 904-877-7969

    Dept. of Military Affairs

    Primary:   Captain Jerry Vaughn
               Office of the Adjutant Genl.
               P. 0. Box 1008
               St. Augustine, FL 32084,
               Day:   904-824-8461
               Night: 904-824-5376

    Alternate: Willis J. Capo
               Day:   904-824-8461
               Night: 904-471-2809

                              72

    FLORIDA RESPONSE TEAM (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Dept. of Health & Rehab. Services

    Primary:   Herman Stokes
               1321 Winewood Blvd.
               Bldg. 2, Room 432
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
               Day:   904-487-1161
               Night: 904-878-7884

    Alternate: Paul Charters
               Day:   904-488-8901
               Night: 904-222-0571

    Governor's Office

    Primary:   Dr. Charles Reed
               The Capitol
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
               Day:   904-488-5603
               Night: 904-385-9382

    Alternate: Steve Hull
               Day:   904-488-4801
               Night: 904-222-3312

    Game & Fresh Water Fish Comm.

    Primary:   Tom Goodwin
               Farris Bryant Bldg.
               620 S. Meridian Street
               Tallahassee, FL 32301
               Day:   904-488-3831
               Night: 904-893-2946

    Alternate: Dr. Allan Egbert
               Day:   904-488-3831
               Night: 904-878-4301

    Florida Audubon Society

    Dr. Herbert Kale, 11
    P. 0. Drawer 7
    Maitland, FL 32751
    Day:   305-647-2615
    Night: 305-567-3520
           305-562-3631

                               73

                            COUNTY CONTACTS

                                               New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    BROWARD COUNTY:

    Emergency Preparedness Div.

    Arthur St. Amand, Director
    Day:   305-765-5020
           305-765-5026
    Night: 305-523-2192

    Flre Protection Division

    Primary:   Robert Bollia
               Fire Chief
               Day or
               Night: 305-563-0808

    Alternate: Joan Heggen
               Community Services Dir.
               Day:   305-357-65386

    Environmental Quality Control Bd.

    Primary:   Bill Metzer
               Day:   305-765-5881

    Maintenance Division

    Primary:   Russell Backman, Director
               Day:   305-765-5812
               Night: 305-983-7975

    Alternate: Charles Centonze
               Assistant Director
               Day:   305-765-5829
               Night: 305-974-0330

    Office of Planning

    Kelly Carpenter-Craft
    Day:   305-357-6612

                              74

    COUNTY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    Port Everglades Authority

    Huey Manges, Chief of Security
    Day or Night: 305-523-3404

    Transportation Dept.

    Primary:   Roy Reynolds, Director
               Water Management Division
               Day:   305-357-6327

    Alternate: Hal Priest, Asst. Dir.
               Water Management Division
               Day:   305-357-6326
               Night: 305-994-1939

    Water Management Division

    Primary:   Roy Reynolds, Dlrector
               Day:   305-357-6327

    Alternate: Hal Priest
               Day:   305-357-6326
               Night: 305-994-1939

    DADE COUNTY:

    Dept. of Administrative Programs

    Emergency Operating Center
    Major Richard J. Bannon
    Day:   305-446-1781
    Night: 305-442-2300

    Emergency Management

    Martin Bishop, Director
    Day:   305-596-8700
    Night: 305-661-2919

                               75

    COUNTY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Dept. of Environmental
    Resources Management

    Primary:  Tony Clemente, Director.
              Day:   305-579-2760
              Night: 305-642-2635

    Alternate: Bill Brandt, Chief
               Pollution Control Divislon
               Day:   305-579-2760
               Night: 305-238-3994

    Fire Department

    Primary:   E. A. Donaldson, Chief
               Day:   305-596-8600
               Night: 305-596-8593

    Alternate: Officer In Charge
               Fire Alarm Office
               Day:   305-596-8576
               Night: 911

    Primary:   Deputy Chief on each
               shift at Station #1
               Day or Night: 305-442-1285
                      305-442-1286
                      305-442-1287

    Alternate: Captaln of each shift
               at Station #1
               Day or Night: 305-442-1285
                      305-442-1286
                      305-442-1 87

    Parks & Recreation Department

    Beach Operations Division
    Primary:   Jim Holland, Chief
               Day or Night: 305-361-7385

    Primary:   Capt. Marcus Breece
               Haulover Beach
               Day:   305-944-3040

    Alternate: Jim Hoover
               Day or Night: 305-868-7075

                              76

    COUNTY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    Police Department

    Communications Shift Commander
    Day or Night: 305-596-6263
                  911

    Public Works Department

    Primary:   Walter Herndon
               Day:   305-579-2960
               Night: 305-651-1350

    Alternate: Ed Goldin
               Day:   305-592-3115
               Night: 305-258-5929

    MONROE COUNTY:

    Civil Defense

    Bill Wagner, Director
    Day:   305-294-9581  (Key West)
           305-294-4641 (Ext. 566)
           305-296-2424
    Night: 305-289-1789
           305-296-2424

    Emergency Services

    James Paros, Coordinator
    Day:   305-743-6619
           305-294-4641 (Ext. 155)
    Night: 305-743-9066
           911

                               77

                            CITY CONTACTS

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    Bal Harbour Village

    Primary:   Robert Wheldon
               Supt. of Public Works
               Day:   305-866-4633
               Night: 305-866-4633
                      305-866-1539

    Alternate: Fred Maley, Village Mgr.
               Day:   305-866-4633
               Night: 305-866-4633
                      305-895-1517

    Deerfield Beach

    Engineering/Utilities Dept.
    Dale Holinbeck, Director
    Day:   305-427-3331
    Night: 305-421-0760

    Dept. of Fire and Rescue
    Primary:   Herb Glattli, Div. Chief
               Day:   305-427-3331 (Ext. 302)
               Day or Night: 305-427-3341
               Night: 305-427-3348

    Alternate: Shift Commander
               Day or
               Night: 305-427-3341

    Police Department
    Primary:   William Neal
               Chief of Police
               and Civil Defense
               Day or
               Night: 305-427-3343

    Alternate: Capt. Roy Vrchota
               Day or
               Night: 305-427-3343

                               78

    CITY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    Fort Lauderdale

    Fire Department
    Primary: Lt. R. E. Lanier
              Hazardous Materials Officer
              Day:   305-761-2721
              Night: 305-791-3398
                     911

    Alternate: On Duty Batt. Chief
               Day or
               Night: 305-761-2588
                      305-761-2175

    Police Department
    Major Wayne Lowrey
    Day or Night: 305-761-2334

    Sergeant Gary Kroeger
    Marine Patrol Supervisor
    Day:   305-761-2151
    Night: 305-761-2415

    Port Everglades
    Huey Manges, Security Chief
    Day or Night: 305-523-3404

    Public Works Department
    F. T. Kaln, Director
    Day:   305-761-2431
    Night: 305-961-4502

    Hallandale

    Public Works/Utilities
    and City Engineer
    Primary:   John C. Depp, Director
               Day:   305-458-3251 (Ext. 226)
               Night: 305-456-1418

    Alternate: Robert Hall
               Day:   305-458-3251 (Ext. 234)
               Night: 305-620-4625

                               79

    CITY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    Hillsboro Beach

    Contact with:
    Deerfield Beach Fire & Rescue
    Primary:   Herb Glattli
               Division Chief
               Day:   305-427-9331  (Ext. 302)
               Day or Night: 305-427-3341
               Night: 305-427-3348

    Alternate: Shift Commander
               Day or
               Night: 305-427-3341

    Hollywood

    Beach Operations
    Primary:   Hugh Bowen, Supervisor
               Day:   305-921-3423

    Alternate: Jim Schumaker
               Day:   305-921-3423
               Night: 305-922-8092

    Fire Department
    Primary:   James Ward, Chief
               Day:   305-921-3448
               Night: 305-921-3451

    Alternate: On-Duty Combat Div. Chief
               Day:   305-921-3448
               Night: 305-921-3451

    Key Colony Beach

    Planning and Zoning Commission
    Renee Parker, Chairman
    Day:   305-289-1212
    Night: 305-289-0292

                                     80

    CITY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Key West

    David Dickey, U.S. Coast Guard
    Marine Safety Department
    Day:   305-296-6825
           305-296-2525
           305-294-4933

    Sewer Department
    Leighton D. Westlake
    Day:   305-294-3721  (Ext. 195)
    Night: 305-296-7038
           305-294-5511 (Ext. 210)
           305-745-0285

    Lauderdale-by-the-Sea

    John R. Forest, Mayor/Town Mgr.
    Day:   505-776-0576
    Night: 305-772-4505

    Lighthouse Point

    Fire Department
    Primary:   Charles Malone, Chlef
               Day or
               Night: 305-941-2624

    Alternate: Captain Elmer Hanf
               Day or
               Night: 305-941-2620

    Miami

    Primary:   Howard Gary, City Mgr.
               Day:   305-579-6040
               Night: 305-579-6245

    Alternate: Chlef McCullough
               Director of Fire Dept.
               Day:   305-579-6300
               Night: 305-579-6307

                               81

    CITY CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                               Date of Change

    Miami Beach

    Fire Department
    Primary:   William Miller, Div. Chief
               Day:   305-673-7078

    Alternate: Div. Chief On Duty
               Day or
               Night: 305-673-7171
                      305-673-7111

    Public Works Department
    Frank Aymonin, Director
    Day:   305-673-7620
    Night: 305-673-7683

    Street Sewer & Street Lighting
    Harry Dansky
    Asst. Director of Public Works
    Day:   305-673-7658
    Night: 305-673-7683

    North Miami Beach

    Marine Patrol
    Officer Skip Bosworth
    Day or
    Night: 305-948-2929

    Pompano Beach

    Fire Department
    Primary:   Buddy Borger, Asst. Chief
               Day:   305-786-4126
               Night: 305-942-2201

    Alternate: Richard Woznlak, Chief
               Day:   305-786-4126
               Night: 305-942-2200

                                 82

                  STATE AND NATIONAL PARK CONTACTS

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Biscayne National Park
    Homestead, Florida

    Primary:   James Sanders, Supt.
               Day:   305-247-2044
               Night: 305-246-1262

    Primary:   Linda Dye, Chief
               Resource Management
               and Research
               Day:   305-247-2044

    Alternate: Lorrie Sprague or
               Richard Curry
               Day:   305-247-2044

    John Pennekamp Coral Reef
    State Park, Key Largo, FL

    Primary:   Capt. Carl Neilsen
               Park Manager
               Day:   305-451-1202
               Night: 305-451-1521

    Alternate: Lt. George Jones
               Asst. Park Manager
               Day:   305-451-1202
               Night: 305-451-0558

    Keys Wildlife Refuges
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services
    Big Pine Key, Florida

    Don Kosin
    Day:   305-872-2239
    Night: 305-872-2977

    Everglades National Park

    Mr. Rick Dawson
    Day:   305-247-6211  (Ext. 259)
    Night: 305-251-1140

                               83

                       LOCAL MARINE RESOURCES

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                             Date of Change

    ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS:

    Dade Marine Institute, Miami, FL

    Primary:   Nicholas J. Millar
               Executive Director
               Day:   305-361-9076
               Night: 305-361-7934

    Alternate: Gerald Johnson
               Director of Operations
               Day:   305-361-9076
               Night: 305-361-7934

    Florida Int'l. Univ., Miami, FL

    Anltra Thorhaug, Ph.D.
    Day or Night: 305-351-1181

    University of Miami - Main Campus
    Coral Gables, FL

    Dr. Howard Teas
    Day:   305-284-4125
    Night: 305-238-2354

    University of Miami
    Rosentiel School of Marine and
    Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL

    Primary:   Dr. Sam Snedaker
               Day:   305-361-4085
               Night: 305-665-9854

    Alternate: Dr. Gil Voss
               Day:   305-350-7312
               Night: 305-271-8393

    Nova University, Oceanogciraphic Center

    Primary:   Dr. Richard Dodge
               Day:   305-475-7488

    Alternate: Dr. Curtis Burney
               Day:   305-475-7488

                              84

    LOCAL MARINE RESOURCES (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    ENVIRONMENTAL FIRMS:

    Continental Shelf Assoclates, Inc.
    Tequesta, FL

    Primary:   Robert Stevens, President
               Day or
               Night: 305-746-7946

    Alternate: David Gettleson
               Scientific Director
                      or
               Fredrick Ayer, Vice Pres.
               Day or
               Night: 305-746-7946

    Ocean Learning Institure, Inc.
    Palm Beach, FL

    Primary:  John Grant
              Day:   305-655-7243
              Night: 305-833-6626

                                85

                       OILED WILDLIFE CLEANUP

                                                New Contact/
    Current Contact                                Date of Change

    TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE:

    Florida Wildlife Rescue Bird
    and Animal Cleanup, Miami, FL

       Day or Night: 305-696-4357

    Dr. Herb Kale, Vice President
    Ornithological Research
    Florida Audubon Society
    Maitland, FL
    Day:   305-647-2615
    Night: 305-843-5796

    Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary
    St. Petersburg, FL

       Day or Night: 813-391-6211

    Florida Game & Fresh Water Fish
    Commission, Gainesville, FL

       Stephen Nesbitt
       Day:   800-432-2046
              305-376-6481
       Night: 800-342-8105

    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
    Miami, FL

       Day or Night: 305-526-2916
       Night:

    National Key Deer Wildlife Refuge

    Don Kosin
    Big Pine Key, Florida
    Day:   305-872-2239
    Night: 305-872-2977

                                86

    OILED WILDLIFE CONTACTS (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    SOURCES OF LABOR:

    Broward County Audubon Soclety

    Dr. Georgia Reynolds, President
    Day or
    Night: 305-792-7119

    Oiled Bird Rescue Team
    Joe Pundai
    Day:   305-523-7644
    Night: 305-5653-O010

    Keys Audubon Society, Marathon, FL

    Ed Davidson, President
    Day or Night: 305-743-2400

    Tropical Audubon Society, Miami, FL

    Laura Brlnkley
    Day or Night: 305-666-5111

                              87

                        OIL DISPOSAL SITES

    Prior coordination and approval by the  Florida  Department
    of  Environmental  Regulation  is  necessary  before   these
    sites can be used for oil disposal.

    South Dade County Landfill
    Mr. Robert Johns
    Metropolitan Dade County
    Environmental Resource Management
    Miami, FL
    305-579-2760

    Long Key Sanitary Land Fill
    1 mile west of Layton
    on Long Key & U.S.1
    Mr. Charles Aquero, Manager
    Municipal Service District
    Key West
    305-296-9680

    Oil products, such as gasoline, that have an Ignitable
    flash point below 140 degrees Fahrenheit, are classified
    by  State  and  Federal  law  as  hazardous,  and  must   be
    disposed of at an EPA approved site, none of which are
    located in Florida (see page 12 for numbers to call for
    Information).

                              88

                  PRIVATE OIL CLEANUP ORGANIZATIONS

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                               Date of Change

    Companies

    Danmark, Inc.
    333 N.W. 23rd Street
    Miami, FL 33127
    Day or Night: 305-573-0610
                  305-361-5033

    Cliff Berry, Inc.
    P. 0. Box 13097
    P/E Station
    Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33316
    Day or Night: 305-523-5979

    Enviropact, Inc.
    Technical Consulting
    4790 N.W. 157th Street
    Day or Night: 305-620-1700

    Port Committees

    Miami Spillage Committee
    Primary:   Edward Greenop
               1015 N. American Way,
               Room 116
               Miami, FL 33132
               Day:   305-379-2818
               Night: 305-665-3830
                      305-379-2828

    Alternate: Claude Bullock
               Day:   305-579-5252
               Night: 305-235-2638

    Port Everglades Spill Committee
    Primary:   Chief Huey Manges
               Port Everglades, FL 33316
               Day or Night: 305-523-3404
                             305-522-1528

    Other

    Belcher Oil Company
    Primary:   Richard Plante
               Day:   305-551-5200
               Night: 305-421-8330
               Day or Night: 305-766-1045

                               89

    PRIVATE CLEANUP (Cont'd.)

                                              New Contact/
    Current Contact                              Date of Change

    Primary:   Allgood Clayton
               Port Everglades
               Day:   305-525-4261  (Ext. 200)
               Night: 305-966-4063
               Day or Night: 305-766-0162

    Alternate: Willie Byrd, Safety Division
               Day:   305-525-5461 (Ext. 204)
                      305-551-5454
               Night: 305-693-2617
               Day or Night: 305-948-1326

                                90

                    OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS

    FEDERAL:

    National   Oil   and    Hazardous    Substances    Pollution
    Contingency Plan; Flnal Revision.  40 CFR  Part  1510.    45
    FR 17832.  March 19, 1980.  Available from Oil  and  Special
    Materials   Control    Division    (WH448),    Environmental
    Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C.
    20460.

    Atlanta Coastal  Region  IV  Oil  and  Hazardous  Substances
    POllution   Contingency   Plan;   most    recent    revision
    promulgated October 19,  1983.    Available  from  Chairman,
    Regional  Response  Team  (see  page  67  for  address   and
    telephone).

    Local  Oil  and  Hazardous   Substances   Contingency   Plan
    (Miami); most recent revision promulgated November 10,
    1981. Available from Miami Marine Safety Office (MSO)
    (see page 67 for address and telephone).

    STATE:

    Florida   Coastal   Pollutant   Spill   Contingency    Plan.
    Available from State Agency Coordinator (see page 70 for
    address and telephone).

    OTHER:

    Port Everglades Spillage Committee Oil Spill Contingency
    Plan (see page 89 for address and telephone).

                                 91

    NOTES

      92

    1~~~EII   ~1

            36668 0000246