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A S T E R P L A N 1-3 . . . . . . . . . . v ........... FORT MIFFLIN On The ]Delaware 2, 0 c t o b c r 1995 pre paredfor: Fort Mifflin on the Delaware prepared by: CLRdesign inc. Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program FORT MIFFLIN OM THE DELAWARE MASTER PLAN JUNE, 1995 DER Grant/Contract No. CZ1: 9402PD Grant Task NO. 94 Qqpd- ME No. 94168 A REPORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION PURSUANT TO NOAA AWARD NO. PENNSYLVANIA ZonE Project was financed in part through a federal Coastal Zone Management Grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, with funds provided by the NOAA. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. -30- F3 7- M A S T E R P L A N Preparedfor: Fort Mifflin on the Delaware Fort Mifflin Road Philadelphia, PA 19153 Project Team: CLRdesign ine. Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Exhibit Design 115 North Third Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 History Now Historical Interpretive Planning 306 Washington Avenue Haddonfield, NJ 08033 Pennoni Associates Inc. Environrnental Engineering 515 Grove Street Haddon Heights, NJ 09035 FF 0 R T-MIFFLIN On The Delaware 2 0 c t o b e r 1 9 9 5 Preparedfor: Fort Mifflin on the Delaware prepared by: Cl-Rdesign inc. M A S T E R P L A N Acknowledgments This research and planning effort has been made possible through the involvement of a number of dedicated individuals. It is with gratitude that we acknowledge the assistance, review and thoughtful input of the Fort Mifflin Master Plan Advisory Committee: Malik Alkabir Jim Chalker Diane Davis Lori Dillard Wayne Irby Doretta McMunn William Polachek Katie Rothermel Thomas Rozek Larry Tise T able of Contents I Executive Summary 1 2 Existing Conditions at Fort Mifflin 2 2.1 Chronology of die Existing Fort 2 2.2 The Existing Site 4 2.3 Use of Historic Facilities 7 3 Master Plan Concept 10 3.1 Visitor Arrival 10 3.2 Visitor Parking 10 3.3 Visitor Services Building 10 3.4 Water&ont Access 10 3.5 Fort Interpretive Loop 11 3.6 Nature Trail System I I 4 Master Plan Components 13 4.1 Vehicular Circulation 13 4.2 Pedestrian Circulation 15 4.3 Facilities Improvements 18 4.4 Landscape and Environmental 20 Improvements 5 Wayfinding and Interpretive Programming 23 5.1 Wayfinding 23 5.2 Interpretive Programming 24 6 Master Plan Development Projects 37 6.1 Immediate Action Projects 37 6.2 Short-term Action Projects 38 6.3 Long-term Action Projects 39 7 Appendix 41 7.1 Programming & Activities 42 7.2 Operations & Physical Plant 52 7.3 Education Plan Fiscal Years 1995-2000 56 7.4 Environmental & Engineering Evaluation 57 D iagrams & Illustrations Site Location Plan 3 Existing Site Conditions 6 Historic Structures Plan 9 Master Plan Concept 12 Vehicular Circulation Plan 14 Pedestrian Circulation Plan 17 Facilities Improvement Plan 19 Landscape & Environmental Improvements Plan 22 Preliminary Signs & Graphics Location Concept 35 Offsite Signs Location Concept 36 Illustrative Master Plan 40 Executive Summary vision for the Fort property which can be approached I as a series of discrete projects to be prioritized and Originally sited strategically on the Delaware River implemented over time. To this end, consideration is south of the City of Philadelphia, Fort Mifflin now is given not only to the historic aspects of Fort Mifflin, set within a dramatically altered social and physical but to its valuable waterfront, and the undeveloped context. Credited by historians with a critical southern half of the approximately fifty acre site. defensive role during the American War of Independence, the Fort has endured urban change, The Plan makes recommendations for building, industrial growth, and developments in military landscape, site, and environmental improvements at warfare which, over the years, have threatened to three levels: addressing existing problems related to relegate it to the status of relic rather than resource. the physical site; remedying aesthetic issues; and In 1962 Fort Mifflin was deeded to the City of enhancing educational and recreational opportunities Philadelphia, though plans for the restoration of the at the Fort through development of interpreted Fort as a historic site were not fully implemented at landscape and historic areas. that time. The final section of the Master Plan describes its In 1992, a non-profit organization, Fort Mifflin on recommendations as discrete projects, and prioritizes the Delaware, assumed administration of the site in a them according to immediate requirements, short- year-to-year lease from the City of Philadelphia. term needs, and long-term recommendations. Since that time, notable gains have been made at the Fort. Improved maintenance and physical repairs, as Immediate Action Projects include. well as establishment of a regular schedule of Moat Improvements educational, interpretive and special event programs Wayfinding Sign Installation figure among the indications of a turning of the tide Gatehouse and Entry Improvements Visitor Parking of fortune at Fort Mifflin. Historic Fort Perimeter Parade Ground Paving North Sallyport Access Improvements In the spring of 1994, CLRdesign inc. (CLR) was contracted to prepare a physical Master Plan for Fort Short-term Action Projects include: Mifflin on the Delaware. The Master Plan presents Improvements to Fort Mifflin Road Access a broad summary of operations and facilities at the Dock Reconstruction Fort, assessing current status and establishing goals Battery Boardwalk for the future. Elements of the Master Plan have been Historic Fort Parapet Viewing pre-pared by Fort staff and address Fort programming Wood Foot Bridges and activities, as well as Fort operations and physical Moat Boardwalk Nature Trail Access Path plant. Architectural survey, historical restoration and Primary Nature Trail building condition analysis are not included in the Interpretive Signage scope of this master planning effort. Conclusions Self-Guiding Brochures and recommendations from previous historic surveys prepared by others have been included in this report. Long6term Action Projects include. Visitor Services Building Tle physical Master Plan prepared by CLR in close Visitor Services Plaza cooperation with Fort staff evaluates existing site Storehouse Restroom Improvements conditions and makes proposals for facilities Fort Satellite Sales Shop improvements to accommodate increased visitation, Secondary Nature Trails provides an in-depth examination of land use issues, Interpretive Video Program Interpretive Audio Program and suggests methods to improve interpretation of Memorial to Defenders of the Fort Fort Mifflin as a unique historic and environmental resource. The Master Plan establishes a long-range Existing Conditions at Fort Mifflin Archaeological materials are constantly found on the 2 site, either during supervised digging or as they surface due to changing ground conditions. The 2.1 Chronology of the Existing Fort original base of both a Revolutionary War structure Fort Mifflin was originally constructed in 1771 on (located in the northeast comer of the front parade what was called Mud Island, located in the Delaware ground) and the Guard Shack Oust east of the River approximately 500 feet from the Pennsylvania Storehouse) are still visible on the grounds. shore. Captain John Montressor, working for the King of England, Laid out three plans for the Ile entire area of open space from Hog Island (south fortification. The one chosen was a modified star, of Mud Island) to the Schuylkill River is Fort formed out of stone, with bastions facing the east. Mifflin. However, when the army left the historic The rest of the Fort was constructed of racuies and Fort in 1954, the amount of acreage ceded to the City stockade fence. was approximately 46 acres, including the Fort, the moat and front parade areas, demilune and High Destroyed by the British during a seven week siege in Water Battery. In actuality, the acreage of historic 1777, the Fort was reconstructed in 1779; the first Fort Mifflin runs over Island Avenue and into the buildings being the Bombproofs and the Citadel (now Airport property. The Army Corps provides an the Commandant's House). Eventually, the Soldiers' access casement for use of the dock on the Delaware and Officers' Quarters, Artillery Shed, Powder River (which remains Army Corps property) and for Magazine and Blacksmith Shop were built inside the the Hospital Building and surrounding ground, Fort. The Hospital Building was built outside the located northeast of the Fort. This area represents an Fort to the northeast. Lastly, the Torpedo Casemate additional 3.8 acres beyond the original historic was constructed in 1867. South of the Fort, the High property. The Fort is bordered on the east by the Water Battery was begun during the Civil War, but Delaware River, on the north by the Army Corps and never completed. Police Impoundment Lot, on the west by the Philadelphia International Airport, and on the south The Blakely House (Cannonball House) was by the Fort Mifflin Terminal. All aforementioned originally located about one mile northwest of the organizations are often considered "Fort Mifflin" and Fort and was moved by the Water Department in the are referred to in various documents as the Fort 1970's, when they were mandated by the EPA to Mifflin Army Corps Project, Fort Mifflin Auto expand their facilities. It is currently located directly Pound, and Fort Mifflin Terminal. These adjoining north of the Fort and west of the Hospital Building. properties are not considered historic and for the It is an historic intrusion that in no way is relevant to most part are located on man-made land that once the interpretive plan of Fort Mifflin, and is was part of the Delaware River or a back channel. deteriorating at a rapid rate. Today, the property totals approximately 49.8 acres, The Fort Mifflin Historic Landmark is presently run including significant wetland area, approximately 25 by the non-profit organization Fort Mifflin on the acres of wooded area, a moat, 14 historic buildings, Delaware which assumed control of the site from the and a dock. An access road to the Army Corps and City of Philadelphia in 1992. Before the creation of National Guard Installation crosses the property. the non-profit organization, the site was kept open by The site is secured by a chain link fence and the the Olde Fort Mifflin Historical Society, a group of Delaware River. individuals devoted to the historic nature of the Fort. As fimdratsing and administration became an ever more important issue, the Society agreed to the formation of the non-profit organization for administration of the site. 2 SITE LOCATION PLAN RT Fr 0 FORT MIFFLIN DELAWARERIVER NORTH 2.2 The Existing Site adjoined by the Cannonball House which is in a significantly deteriorated condition. The Arrival Experience Fort Mifflin represents a unique resource for the City, given the history of its site, and the extent to which its historical buildings have remained intact. The industrial context which has developed around the Fort, however, poses obstacles to the Fort's ............... .. .............................. image. .......... ........ .......... ........... The Fort, adjacent to major regional and local ........................... ........ ........ ............... highways at the southern edge of the City, is located ............. within convenient driving distance for Philadelphia .......... residents, as well as for visitors. The Fort does suffer thoughfrorn being isolated from other historic and recreational resources by its industrial neighbors. Currently, no public transportation is available in the vicinity of the Fort. The actual approach to the Fort, The Cannonball House is in an extremely deteriorated bypassing industrial complexes and the Philadelphia condition, and is proposedfor removalfrom the site. International Airport, gives little indication of the presence of the historic site. Existing directional signage to the Fort is inadequate for overcoming this Fort Mifflin!s strongest asset relative to visitor arrival situation. Even the vehicular entry for the Fort is the Fort itself. The entry view of the Fort walls is property, a shared entry with the Army Corps of unarguably powerful and compelling. Engineers, presents a weak image of the historic resource located just beyond. 0 The Historic Fort 'Me Fort's immediate neighbors, the Philadelphia Current use of the fifty-acre site is confined to International Airport and the Army Corps of approximately half of the site - the historic Fort, the Hospital Building area, and the recently developed Engineers, have a significant effect on the Fort picnic area adjacent to the Water Battery. Both of environment. The presence of the Airport is these areas provide significant attractions. The constantly audible and visible, as planes fly directly Water Battery affords impressive views overlooking over Fort Mifflin at regular, frequent intervals. both the Delaware River and the Fort itself. Although Unscreened views into the Army Corps service yards this relationship to the Delaware River is elemental in also detract from the historic and aesthetic the establishment of the original Fort, there no longer atmosphere at the Fort. is access to the Fort from the River, as the existing Fort dock is in unstable condition. The Fort itself Among these conflicting first impressions of Fort includes a number of intact historic structures. The Mifflin, the visitor's arrival experience includes some northeastern parapet provides an excellent vantage confiision in parking and ticketing. A guard is from which to view both the Fort compound and the employed to greet and ticket visitors at the vehicular Delaware River. entry only on weekends and during periods of anticipated high visitation. During the week, ticketing and security depend on Fort staff being in the administration building and alert to activity outside. The informal parking area now provided for visitors is unpaved, un-edged, and undersized for anything more than minimal visitation. This lot is 4 The Nature Walk Across the moat at the southern half of the property, a path is marginally maintained through a large tract ..... of otherwise unmanaged vegetation. Much of this area is wetland, and provides an accommodating ............ habitat for wildlife species. This is a pleasant area, but it is neither significant nor distinctive in terms of its vegetation, and it is difficult to access. I. al "S X The northeast parapet affotds excellent views of the Delaware River, as well as views across the historic Forl itsey. Although there are new gravel walks at the picnic area, there is no clear, continuous or fiilly accessible ...... circulation route for the visitor. Site orientation .......... depends on interpretation provided either by a Fort F:4 .. .. .. ...... guide or by brochure. Access to many portions of the site is occasionally limited by wet ground conditions. The southern hatf of the site is difficult to access, and given The Fort is sited below the level of the Delaware over to uninanaged vegetation. River, resulting in significant water buildup, poor surface drainage, and water related stresses on Fort structures. Site water problems are compounded during rainy periods by large volumes of water shed from 1-95 and the Airport due to inappropriate road and runway drainage. 0 The Moat Fort Mifflin provides features of significant environmental interest in addition to its historic resources. The Fort moat is interesting from both perspectives, being home to a variety of wildlife, including a Pennsylvania threatened species of turtle. The condition of the moat is quickly deteriorating, however, due to siltation and an unchecked spread of vegetation. The sluicegate which at one time provided for flushing action of the moat by the Delaware River is now inoperable. The moat presently collects drainage from the Fort and surrounding land. There is significant flooding during and after any large rainfall. 5 ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS UNATTRACTIVE VIEWS TO EXISTING DOCK (NO ACCESS, ARMY CORPS FACILITY POOR CONDITION) TORIC STRUCTURE IN. UNATTRACTIVE CONTEXT@@ MAGAZINES & GUN EMPLACEMENTS ATTRACTIVE VIEW TOWARDRIVER 491= ATTRACTIVE PICNIC,@REA FORTMIFFLIN UNSTRUCTURED GOOD VIEW TO FORT On The'Delaware ?ARKINGA @A ATTRACTIVE RIVER VIEWS RE 31AKELY HOUSE JUNSTABLE WOOD STAIR MASTER PLAN JNATIRACTIVE CIONDITTON NG ENTRY TIT EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS STRONG ENTRY- cz ATTRA6TIVE RIVER VIEWS WEAKLY SCREENED _jv ET ARMY CORPS FACILM' -71 KEY GOOD ENTRY VIEWS - DELAWARE LIVER HISTORIC FEATURE OFFORT UNATTRACTIVE ENTRY POORLY DRAINED GRQUND SURFACE GOOD VIEW _1111N@NQNA 'Ad GATE & GATEHOUSE INTACT IRSTORIC FOC&S\ POORLY ------6' 03 UNATTRACTIVE VIEW SHELL OF BURNED BUILDIN41 FOCUSED POSITIVE SITE FEATURE ARRIVAL SLUICE IN POOR CONDITION \\, f PROBLEMATIC SITE FEATURE > < PEDESTRIAN TRAIL 00000000 WOOD BRIDGE (SOLE ACCESS TO WO@I)S, MOAT POORLY SIGNED POORCONDITION) \BLOCKED VIEWS ENTRY 0 TIDAL STREAM \1 0 GOODVIEWTOFORT BLOCKED VIEWS TO RIVER 0 -EXISTING PATH CUT THROUGH UNMANAGEDWO ODLAND c t\,, GAZINES, JN EMPLACEMENTS UNATTRACTIVE INQUSTRLAIL Y9 VIEWS FROM PARAPET SED WETLAND % % 0 UNUSED SALLYPORT t-- - - % 0 % UNATTRACTIVE WATER\- % CONDITION,PRESENCE OF\ WILDLIFE Az7 CL Rdcsign inc. SCALE: I"=150'-O" DATE, 10/2/95 UNUSED WETLAND AREA NORTH 0 -50 1_51 - -- - -- 2.3 Use of Historic Facilities interpreted through the presence of furniture, fixtures Ilie current use of Fort Mifflin's historic structures is and/or artifacts. itemized below. Staff have noted that one thousand visitors is the maximum that can be accommodated Inside the Fort, there are three bathroom stalls for within the Fort at any one time. Buildings have poor women, and two for men, in addition to limited retail ventilation and no seasonal climate control. Building facilities located in the Quartermaster's Store. spaces are small. Few historic intenors are Facilities Usage Chart Building Historic Use Current Use Proposed Use Hospital/Mess Hall Downstairs Mess W1 Meeting Space Visitor Activities Kitchen Am Offices Office Space ................................................................... ..................................................................................... Upstairs Post Hospital Office Space Office Space Officers' Quarters Residential Area Upstairs Officers' Living Space Break Room Break Room/Storage Changing Room Changing Room/Vault ................................... ..................................................................................................................... Downstairs Display Areas Interpreted Exhibit Rooms Soldiers' Barracks Upstairs Soldiers' Living Space/ Maintenance Room Maintenance Room Laundress's Room ...........................................I........................................I........................................................ ........... Downstairs Soldiers' Bunk Room Soldiees Bunk Room Soldiers' Bunk Room Soldiers' Bunk Room Diorama Room Exhibit Space Mess Hall Empty Meeting Space Sutler's Shop Storage Electrical Switches Day Scrgeant's Room Medical Display Satellite Sales Shop/ Beverages Storehouse Commissary Sales Shop/Restrooms Enlarged Restrooms Casemate #1/Bombproof Prison Interpreted Interpreted Casemate 42-34-lBombproof Officer's Prison Interpreted Interpreted Casemate #5/Bombproof Prison Interpreted Lectures/Music Bakeoven Bakeoven/Prison Interpreted Lectures/Music Artillery Shed Cannons/Carriages Interpreted Artillery Shed/Stables Equipment Storage 7 Building Historic Use Current Use Proposed Use Blacksmith Shop Same Interpreted Blacksmith Shop Powder Magazine Same Interpreted Powder Magazine Water Battery Gun Mounts and Powder Mags Picnic Area Picnic Area Food Concessions Black Powder Storage North Sallyport Exit West Casemate Guard Room Transformer Room Transformer Room East Casemate Guard Room Security Dogs Security Dogs East Sallyport Main Entrance Pathway to Demilune Main Entrance Pathway to Dernilune West Sallyport New Entry to Nature Trail South Casemate Guard Room Unused Interpreted North Casemate Guard Room Unused Interpreted Commandant's House Home of Commander Ruin Interim Stabilization & Protection Future Restoration Arsenal Guardhouse/ Maintenance Storage Interpreted Small Arms Arsenal Display Torpedo Casemate Torpedo Casemate Interpreted Interpreted Cannonball House Farm House Ruin To Be Removed 8 HOSPITALIMESS HA. (FORT ADMINISTR)@TTON) FORTMIFFLIN *On The Delaware* MASTER PLAN CANNONBALL HOUSE DELAWARERIVER (NOT HISTORICALLY SIGWICANT TO SITE i 40AT HISTORIC STRUCTURES PLAN CASEMATF-S t-1 Z' @'Z-/' MATN GAJE QUA RTF-RMASTER'S STORE ARSENAL NORTH GATE TORPEDO CASEMATI@' RIC F/01 HI SOLDIERS BARRAC COMMANDANTS HOUSE OFFICER'S QUAR ARTILLERY SHED BLACKSMITH SHOP POWDER MAGAZINE SALLY PORT HIGH BATTERY NA RE @LRdesigninc. SCALE: I"=150'-O" DATE, 10/2/95 NORTH 0 50 15C Corps fhcility to the cast and views of the lot itself 3 Master Plan Concept from other locations on the Fort property. Given space constraints on the Fort property, overflow Ile Master Plan concept makes recommendations for parking during large events will continue to be improving site conditions and operations at Fort located on the Army Corps lot and to some extent Mifflin, and identifies opportunities for enhancement along the Fort Mifflin access road. and expansion of recreational and interpretive programs. Relative to development goals, no 3.3 Visitor Services Building maximum figure has been established for Fort As a general guideline, no new construction is suggested by the Master Plan within the Fort walls. v1sitatiall, and no analysis has been performed to The Plan does suggest that the limited visitor services determine specific staff or facilities needed to now provided at Fort Mifflin be expanded with accommodate various levels of increased visitation. eventual construction of a new visitor services 3.1 Visitor Arrival building that will offer food service, a retail shop, and Given the local context of the Fort, it is important visitor orientation and education/interpretation space. that the image and visibility of the site be This new building will be constructed adjacent to the strengthened. The Master Plan suggests that Hospital Building in an "L" shaped configuration waYfinding signage be introduced in a consistent visually buffering the Army Corps of Engineers site. manner and that aesthetic improvements be made to A plaza will fink the two buildings and provide an the immediate approach to the site. Such identifiable location for tour groups to gather for improvements include screen and aesthetic feature Orientation, as well as an outdoor site for conducting Planting, new entry gates and a gatehouse for interpretive programs in good weather. ticketinj I,, and security. The planned relocation of the 3.4 Waterfront Access Army Corps entry drive extends an opportunity for The Master Plan recommends that the existing dock Fort Mifflin to establish its own identity at the on the Delaware be repaired to re-establish the Fort's entrance to its site. vital link with the water. In the future, this dock will - ............... ................. function as an entry point for waterfront tours. The Master Plan highlights the importance of providing for pedestrian circulation to and from the dock along the Water Battery. This is a key feature of the site, ............. ......... ........... and critical to interpretation of Fort history. ........... :X, ......... . ................... ........... . ...... ... ........... ........... ...... . ...... .... .......... .. ... ....... .. ............. .. ..... ..... .......... .... . ...... ... ..... .... ...... .. .......... . . . .. .... .................... .... ............... ........... .... ......... The existing entry to the Fott property is unimproved and conveys 47 Poorfi rst impression of the historic site. 3.2 Visitor Parking Assurrung the removal of the deteriorating Cannonball House, the Plan provides for appropriate visitor Parking at the vehicular entry to the Fort, to accommodate individual visitors and bus tours. Reconstruction of the dock at the Delaware River and Parking' Improvements incorporate new Plantings to introduction of a boan4walk along the Water Battery offer new Provide: shade as well as visual screening of the Army opportunitiesfor site access and interpretation ofFort history. 10 3.5 Fort Interpretive Loop .......... ...... ooo". ................ . ............ ..... ...... .... ....... ........... With planned increase in Fort visitation, it is critical ........... ........... ...........I............ ....................... ............... to establish clear patterns for pedestrian circulation within the Fort. Proper paving and paths are important for the safety and orientation of visitors, and for maintenance of the site, affording access even when ground conditions are wet, and protection of the site from erosion and compaction caused by foot traffic. The Master Plan designates a discrete loop which links major interpreted sites within the Fort. This pedestrian circulation system within the Fort includes a stair access and paved viewing terrace on the northeast parapet. The West Sallyport should be reopened, improving access to 3.6 Nature Trail System the natural area at the southern portion ofthe site. The Master Plan identifies an interpreted nature trail system to be developed on the southern half of the Fort Mifflin property. Visitors are provided several trail options. It is envisioned that this environmental area eventually will draw its own audience to the Fort, offering visitors the option of touring either or both the historic Fort and nature area. The nature trail system begins at the East Sallyport@ the Main Gate of the Fort, and is routed along the original Fort . ......... walls and the moat. .......... YM A new pedestrian bridge across the moat accesses the natural area of the property, which is to be improved to provide environmental interpretation. Ile Plan designates development of one trail featuring wetland plants and providing views out to the Delaware; a second trail devoted to display of native Pennsylvania @ 0"1 plants; and a third trail providing bird and berry habitat, where new plantings will be selected to attract wildlife. The natural trail system includes Selective clearing of invasive vegetation and weed species in installation of a boardwalk along the southwestern pretation the site's natural area uill also improve inter edge of the moat, and erection of a new bridge link to opportunities at the High Water Battery. the now-closed West Sallyport of the Fort. NEW VISITOR SERVICES BUILDING ARMY CORPS OF ENGMERS VISITOR SERVICES PLAZA VIEW SCREEN FORT ADNIMSTRATION f OVERFLOW/EVENT PARKING DOCK ENTR & ORIENTATION 0 -0 BUS DROP-OFF @10_ FORTMIFFLIN VISITOR PARKING & io -*On The Delaware* ROAD REALIGNMENT 4 PICNIC AR'E@ VIEW SCREEN MASTER PLAN NEW ARMY CORPS EN IRY ROAD' 0 41, ACCESS 0 FORT ENTRY MASTER PLAN CONCEPT PA 0. KEY L DELAWAIRE RIVER F RT EX[T e, -1 0 - 0 ENTRY/ORIENTATION FEATURE NEW GATES & GATEH )USE 0 0 0 0 WITH TICKETING It 11 It "1 0 0000000 PEDESTRIAN PATH ENTRY (PLANTNG4 SIGNAGE, ENTRY _HS C F I ACCESS 71 ED mm@> FEATURE) VEI 0 SCREENING INIPROVEMENTS 7 ooc@@ NEW PEDESTRIAN B@TGE 1111 0@ 0 "o 10 0 /0 VIEWING TERRACE 0 mo /0 0 0 NATURE TRAIL I 0 (WATER/ WETLAND PLANTS). 00 k 0 IMPROVEMENTS TO FORT MIFFLIN tW` PED5 BRID ACCESS -3--- 0. - 0110 VIEWING TER@ ACE bi 00 x 0 ell 0 - 00 0 NATURE TRAIL 3 (BIRD &BERRY HABITAT) @01 NAT A 00 00 000- 0 0 0 0 1j. 0 0 00000,0000 0.0.1" 000 000 -- nr 0 0 000 o 00 0 C,LRdesigninc. 00 NA TRAIL 2 0. co (NA IVE PLANTS),, SCALE: 1"=150%0" DATE, 10/2/95 ur VIEW SCREEN NORTH 0 50 151 4 Master Plan Components 4.1 Vehicular Circulation Ile Vehicular Circulation Plan highlights improvements to be made at the Fort to improve veldcular access to and circulation through the site. Ibe plan indicates the new alignment for the Army Corps entry north of the existing shared site entry. This allows for new paving and entry unprovements to be made at the vehicular entry to the Fort Mifflin property. A slight realignment of the existing Fort Mifflin access road is indicated to accommodate construction of a visitor and bus parking lot. Bus circulation is accommodated with a drop-off at the visitor services courtyard. Five bus parking spaces are located along the northeastern property boundary. Visitors to the site will return to the bus parking area to reboard their designated bus. Fifty-two visitor and staff parking spaces are provided with fidl lot build-out. The lot can be accessed either at the visitor services courtyard, or near the vehicular entry to the Fort property. Vehicular access through to the Army Corps facility is to be maintained with gated access, Given space limitations on the Fort Mifflin site, access to the Army Corps site will continue to be required for overflow and event parking. 13 ARMY CORPS ENTRY ROAD BUS DROP OFF FORTMIFFLIN *On The Dclaware* BUS PARKING MASTER PLAN VISITOR PARKING 'VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PLAN FORT MIFFLIN ACCESS ROAD REALIGNMENT (4 "IX 777N 'CLRdcsigninc. SCALE: 1"=150'-O" DATE:. 10/2/95 0 50 150 NORTH 4.2 Pedestrian Circulation The Pedestrian Circulation Plan identifies path systems to be introduced to provide clear pedestrian access to all interpreted areas of the property. Four xii*."i ..... ..... :X. ...................... . .... . . .... different types of path construction are recommended, in keepmg with the varying character and construction conditions across the site. Accommodation for physically challenged visitors must be provided and considered in all areas of the site. Visitor Services Plaza paved plaza links the existing Hospital Building New stair construction is required to improve access to a and the new visitor services center, affording an area viewing terrace at the northeast parapet of the Fort. for visitor orientation and outdoor events. Unit pavers should be used in this high visibility area. Picnic Area -%e existing gravel paving is to remain within the picnic area. This path is extended at its north end to meet the visitor services plaza. % Dock and Water Battery e new dock will be wood construction. The Plan ...... . ... KX: ... recommends extending this to include a boardwalk/ ...... wood deck along the Water Battery for viewing and .......... interpretation. A new wood stair is required to return ..:: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........ ell visitors to the picnic area. :X X:K*K .... ................. -:XX The Historic Fort . ...... ....... . . . . . .. . .... ... ......... The Master Plan recommends a continuation of the brick and stone paving vocabulary now in place .............. inside the historic Fort. Many of the existing paths are in poor condition, however, and require re-laying -dnor realignment to achieve a clear and and n ............ ................ continuous path system from the Main (East) Gate of the Fort; around the north perimeter of the Fort, and out the 'West Sallyport. Paving is limited to this area, ..... ... ........ ... ........ as it is this area of the Fort which contains the . . . . . . .... ...... majority of interpreted historic structures. Access to the northeast parapet is to be improved with the construction of steps cast of the existing Storehouse, and construction of a paved viewing area on the parapet itself. This viewing area will be surrounded by a guardrail which will protect visitors, and A viewing terrace is proposed to provide improved and safe discourage unauthorized access to the remainder of visitor access to the northeast parapet of the Fort. the Fort parapet. 15 The Nature Trail System The nature trail system introduces various paving types, given the changing site conditions within the nature area. Ile primary path is to be asphalt, with red stone aggregate. This custom color will match the color and character established by the stone paving in the picnic area. Secondary nature trails are to be gravel paths, in response to the more sensitive nature of the wetlands in this area. Limited specific areas will require boardwalk construction, due to wet ground conditions, such as the river viewing platforms, and the boardwalk along the southwest moat perimeter. New moat bridge construction will also be wood, linked to the moat boardwalk. F 16 INSTALL VISITOR SERVICES PLAZA REALIGN'EXISTING GRAVEI PATH TO JOIN PLAZA REBUILD EXISTING DOCK EXISTING GRAVEL PATHS TO REMAIN FORTMIFFLIN INSTALL BOARDWALK AT BATTERY *On The Delaware* REMOVE EXISTING WOOD STAIR MASTER PLAN INSWL WOOD STAIR 'PEDES TRIAN CIRCULATION PLAN INSTALL STAIR AND - RAMEPART VIEWING EXISTI@G BRIDGE TO REMAIN '\ KEY REPAVE TO PROVIDE INSTALL W06D'BRIDGE ACCESSIBLE FORT ENTRY WOOD CONSTRUCTION INSTALL PEDESTRJA@4 PATH STONEPAVERS ASPHALT GRAVEL I MT01RJ F REPLACE EXISTING WO0\D\BRIDGE H-$TORI INSTALL RHYLARY NATURE TRAI@ kill, INSTALL WOOD VIEWING PLA-TFO MS,1 \J A sits*** INSTALL/RELAY FORT A TIIS voll NAT INSTALL WOOD BRIDGI A INSTALL BOARDWALK @LONG MOAT mmul INSTALL SECONDARY N LRdesigninc. SCALE: I"= 150'-0" DATE:- 10/2/95 NORTH 0 50 4.3 Facilities Improvements 0 Restrooms The Master Plan does not make extensive The Fort Storehouse should be entirely devoted to reconirriendations for construction of new buildings restroom facilities, increasing the number of fixtures on this historic site, although improvements to available to visitors. specific existing structures are recommended. As a general guideline, no new building construction is to be permitted within the confines of the walls of the historic Fort. Gatehouse at Vehicular Entry The Master Plan includes a new gatehouse as part of the Fort: entry improvements proposed. The construction of this gatehouse should be sympathetic ...... ON to the style and materials of the Fort's historic ... structures, establishing the perception for the visitor .... . . .......... that one: is entering a special, historic district. A new VOW gate and security fence should be developed in conjunction with the gatehouse. Square footage requirements for the gatehouse are minimal, accommodating only gate security and ticketing . ........ ... ....- services with approximately 100 square feet. The Storehouse is to be improved to expand restroontfacilities within the entire building. 0 Visitor Services Center A visitor services center is the primary facility Sales Shop required for future development and program It is important that limited retail facilities be expansion at the Fort. The plan sites a single story maintained inside the Fort, particularly to provide structure of approximately 1400 square feet adjacent refreshments for visitors during the warin summer to the existing Hospital (administration) Building. months. The Master Plan proposes that a small retail The structures accommodates education/ interpre- facility be created at the east end (Master Sergeant tation space (500 SF) food service and retail space Room) of the Soldiers' Barracks for this purpose. (700 SF) and restroom. facilities (200 SF). With interpretive and educational facilities provided in the first floor of the existing Hospital (administration) Building, visitor services are concentrated in this key ........... - ... ....... .................................................. ............... .................... location. It is recommended that additional .............................. . ..... ............. ..........- ...... .................... ...... * *::::.. .:::::X.X.X. *: - ...................... . ... ...............-.......... ................. ............... ... ................... education/interpretation space be accommodated ......... ....... X.X .. . ...... ... ...... ............ ......... ... .. .................. X.. ................. ...................... ........ ... ............... .. .. ...... ............... ............. within available historic facilities inside the Fort. ........ .......................... ... ..... The Mess Hall inside the Soldiers' Barracks has been .. .. ...... .... ....... identified as a suitable site for this use. It is intended ... .. . .... .... N 0 that the visitor services center replace the existing minimal retail facility inside the Fort. ---------------- Commandant's House . ... ....... Ltoration of the fire-damaged Commandant's House, recommended by previous architectural, historiad and building condition analysis, is a A satellite sales shop is proposedfor the east end of the priority for securing the historical integrity of the Soldiers'Barracks to maintain limited retailfacilities inside Fort. the historic Fort. 18 NEW VISITOR SERVICES CENTER (1400 SF) HOSPITAL BUILDINGIFORT ADMINISTRATION 'GROUND FLOOR EDUCATION& B,FMRPRETIVE SPACE FORTMIFFLIN *On The Delaware* REMOVAL OF CANNO] T13ALL MASTER PLAN HOUSE F OVEMENTPLAN ACILITIES IMPR /K_ -STOREHOUSE NEW GATEHOUSE (10( SF) VISITOR RESTROOM HAPROVEMENTS SOLDIERS'BARRACKS SATELLITE SALES SHOP COMMANDANT'S It INTERPRETIVE PERIOD ROOMS HOUSE REST TION EDUCATION & INTERPRETIVE ORA SPACE, OFFICERS' QUARTERS till till INTERPRETIVE PERIOD ROOMS LRdesigninc. SCALE: 1"=150%0" DATE, 10/2/95 NORTH 0 50 15 4.4 Landscape & Environmental 7-1degate Improvements In lieu of repair of the existing sluicegate - a The Master Plan utilizes landscape and procedure deemed excessively expensive and environmental improvements to remedy existing complicated - the Master Plan recommends physical problems on the site; to improve aesthetic installation of a tidegate at the existing stream located problems; and to develop and enhance Fort adjacent to the bridge access to the nature area. If interpretive and recreational programs. this stream were cleaned, it is anticipated that tidal flushing of the moat could occur here. 0 Site and Environmental Improvements The Moat Bank Stabilization The poor quality of the moat at the Fort represents Bank stabilization is recommended due to ongoing one ofthe single most pressing issues relative to the erosion of the bank adjacent to the Fort. This can be Fhysical condition of the existing site. Due to the accomplished by vegetative methods. inoperable condition of the sluicegate, flushing action no longer occurs in the moat. The quality of the moat Fort Ground Conditions is rapidly deteriorating due to siltation and the Lowering of the moat water level through increase in unchecked spread of vegetation. In order to preserve moat depth and tidal flushing will effectively lower water quality in the moat, it is imperative to dredge the water table in adjacent areas. This will afford a the moat not only to remove siltation and decayed degree of drying of soil conditions inside the Fort, vegetation, but to increase the water depth, which where the high water table and wet ground conditions will in turn discourage regeneration of vegetation often restrict visitor circulation. which is now choking the moat. Hydraulic dredging is recommended. Any dredging activity should occur 0 Landscape Screening in the surnmer months, so that animals living in the The introduction of landscape buffers is moatare free to move away temporarily from the recommended particularly at the northern edge of the area of activity. Vegetative removal from the moat site, separating the Fort from the Army Corps site. will involve some routine maintenance following Additional planting at the edge of the new visitor initial dredging. parking lot will screen direct views of parked cars and buses from other areas of the site. Perimeter screening is also suggested at the southern boundary of the site, which juxtaposes the Airport. .... ........ -.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... ... ...... .......... ........... .. ... .... .............. .... ............... ... .. ... .. ......... .. ............. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ Actions are required to improve water quality at the Fort moat, Views of the Army Corpsfacility intrude on the historic and which is stagnant and choked with vegetation. aesthetic atmosphere of the Fort. 20 Landscape Enhancements Vehicular Entry The Master Plan identifies areas along the vehicular approach to the Fort which can be improved with landscape treatments. Specifically, the drive into the Fort along the Philadelphia Airport property should be improved with shade trees and roadside ornamental planting. A new sign should be installed with ornamental planting at Fort Mifflin Road, as the visitor passes into the entrance of the Fort property itself. The Nature Trail The principle environmental and landscape enhancement suggested for the Fort involves development of the southern half of the site to provide a new regional environmental resource. The Master Plan suggests development of specific types of nature trails appropriate to the environmental conditions at the Fort, and of interest to a little-tapped audience of Fort visitors. The Plan recommends: selective clearing of invasive weed species in the natural and wetland areas of the property, and replanting to create distinct natural areas for recreational walks, environmental education and interpretation. 21 ORNAMINTAL & SHADE PLANTING AT VISITOR SERVICES LAZA PERIMETER SCREET I PLANTING A4 PARKING LOT BUM ER PLANTING FORTMIFFLIN *On The Dclawarc* MASTER PLAN Ll ANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS PLAN MOAT Q@ALITY IMPROVEMENTS (INCREASE MOAT DEPTH, REMOVE EXISTING MOA.\T VEGETATION) -x PROVIDE V 9 EGETAT" STABILIZATICN @@�TWCF OF MOAT BANK MOAT FLUSHING IMPROVEMENTS (INSTALL TIDEGATE, CLEAN EXISTING TIDAL STREAM) NATURE TRAIL IMPROVEMENTS (PERFORM SELECTIVE CLEARING OF ,rASIVE AND WEED SPECIES, INTRODUCE WETLAND AND NATIVE COLLECTIONS) . . . . . ........ ....... . . ... ... .. . ...... . . . ... .% ..... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .. . .. . PERIMET R@R 9CREEN PLANTING SCALE: 1"=150%0" 10/2/95 DATE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ......... .... . . . .......... . . . .. ... . . ...... ..... ....... .. ... ... . . ... . .. . . . . . .. .. ...... . . ..... ...... . . . 0 50 1 NORTH , .50@ communication materials from letterhead to signs Wayfinding & Interpretive Consistent use increases a visitor's recognition, 51'rogramming whether the purpose is to draw attention to advertising or to direct the visitor to a certain site. Wayfinding and interpretive programming are Effective use of an identity increases the perception important aspects of the Master Phin, dealing with of an organized and well-run institution or facility. reinforcement of Plan site improvement concepts Fort Mifflin has begun the important process of through the development of an effective orientation developing a consistent visual identity through the aid interpretation system. This section describes in creation of a logo (cannon with cattails) and a color detail wayfinding and interpretive programming for scheme (green and white). It is important that this Fort Mifflin on the Delaware. basic component be used in a consistent manner on 5.1 Wayrinding wayfinding signs where necessary and appropriate. 0 Existing Signs For example, it would be ideal if signs directing The existing Fort Mifflin signs both on and off the visitors into the site from 1-95 employed the logo and site vary greatly in size, typeface, color and the green and white colors of Fort Mifflin. VVhile the materials, creating a somewhat confusing image. interstate system and the City of Philadelphia have V&He some signs are certainly readable, their strict regulations governing road signs with location may not be the most effective. There will be regulations as to sign size, typeface and color, a need for new sips with the implementation of the conversation with the Department of Licenses and Master Plan. These signs will guide visitors, provide Inspections has indicated that some flexibility is basic orientation, note regulations and identify possible, i.e. the standard green rather than brown buildings and services where necessary. Effective may be used and the logo would be considered, if wayfinding directs a visitor to and around the site their equipment were able to reproduce it. The City ,with a minimum of difficulty and time spent by staff would require submission of sketches to determine in giving directions. approval of a custom sign of this type. Comparatively few wayfinding signs would require It is recommended that Fort Mifflin undertake a the use of the logo; others may only use the typeface ,specific study of wayfinding and signing needs that is and color scheme. A system of standard sizes for coordinated with site, landscape and interpretive different purposes would be determined, making it planning to guide the creation of a consistent, easier to order signs on an ongoing basis. These and effective series of sign designs and locations. The other issues would be addressed in the study preliminary signs and graphics location plan mentioned above. indicated in this Master Plan identifies general areas where signage will be required to provide visitor Wayfinding. Identity Used by the marketing and graphic design industries, the word identity refers in part to the consistent visual and verbal means by which an entity (individual, institutional or corporate) becomes known and immediately recognizable to the general public or a target audience. The basic component is usually a logo, an entity's name and/or symbol presented in consistent form and colors, and used on 23 5.2 Interpretive Programming update of this book, Fort Mifflin, Philadelp-hia's Great Island Fortification by Jeffrey M. Dorwart, Mission Statement Ph.D. is to be published in the fall of 1995. The Board of Fort Mifflin on the Delaware has adopted the following mission statement: Overview The Master Plan recommends developing and To develop, preserve and interpret Fort Mifflin as a enhancing the Fort's interpretive programming. Initial National Historic Landmark whose unique history, focus is on the historical programming, followed by originalfabric and surrounding environment will be recommendations for environmental interpretive protected and used to educate and enrich students programming. The combination of these interpretive andfamilies and serve as a significant regional themes will expand the base of potential visitors and tourist resource. offer visitors attracted by the historical significance of the site more options and a richer experience. In � Physical and Architectural Preservation will general, both historical and environmental themes be to the period of 1771-1875 will be strengthened by systematic cross-referencing, since natural conditions had great influence on the � Historical Interpretation will be inclusive of siting and engineering of the Fort, while historical the Fort's service during each ofAmerica's alterations have had tremendous impact on the local major wars: Revolutionary, War of 1812, terrain and environment. Civil War, World War I and World War H A critical next task for Fort Mifflin's board and staff � Environmental Interpretation will be is to review the proposed interpretive themes, inclusive of the Fort's river siting, wetland evaluate them, and refine them. Part of this process habitat and wooded areas. should involve piloting the proposed tour routes, incorporating first-person narratives and additional examples of historical vocabulary into tours and programs, and clearly articulating the basic themes so Existing Interpyetation that they are accessible to visitors. Evaluation of This section deals with interpretation for the general these efforts will guide the staff in revising both public visiting Fort Mifflin, as distinct from visitors themes and programs so that they are engaging, involved in education programs. enjoyable, and informative for visitors of various Currently, interpretation is a record of the human background, ages and interests. history of the site, with little reference to natural a Historical Programming history and the environment; and it is conveyed in Fort Mifflin is a national historic site whose the following ways: interpretation is influenced by two key fitctors. First, memory and history, commemoration and a) a printed self-guiding brochure, interpretation are necessarily so entangled that they b) a slide-tape presentation on the events of the must be developed together: it is essential for visitors Revolutionary period, to understand the site in order to share in its c) a series of wayside graphics within the walls of commemoration. Remembrance is integral to telling the Fort, Fort Mifflin's historical story. d) guided tours, e) a scale diorama representing the siege of 1777, Second, the site's historical significance relates f) historical furnishings. primarily to the crucial struggles of Autumn 1777, while virtually all of the historic fabric which remains A book, Fort Mifflin, Valiant Defender of the today dates from later periods of history. These two Del by John W. Jackson, detailing the history issues must be addressed, resolved, and expressed in of the Fort is available for sale in the gift shop. An the Fort's interpretive themes and programs 24 Because of its historical significance, long history, 1) A Crucial Chokehold: Fort Mifflin's history as a rich resources and large scale, Fort Mifflin on the military site extends for nearly two centuries, Delaware: could undertake a virtually limitless beginning in 1772 and extending into the era of number of interpretive initiatives. However, both the Cold War. Its principal historical significance practical and qualitative considerations dictate that a rests, however, on the events of its first years of few primary or core themes be selected and that development and use, most notably in the heroic programs,, activities, and special events be developed defense of the Fort during the Autumn of 1777. around a few basic ideas. In this section of the The prolonged siege and ultimate destruction of Master Plan, three themes have been identified to Fort Mifflin were of critical importance to the help staffand visitors grapple with the survival of the Continental Army in the first part complexities of the site. Also identified are a number of the War for Independence. By denying the of historical and environmental resources that can be British water-bome access to Philadelphia for used to develop these themes. weeks and then months, Fort Mifflin and its sister fortifications prevented the occupying army in Ifistorical Interpretive Themes Philadelphia from re-grouping and either moving Most people who visit historic sites bring with them a north to link up with General Burgoyne's army or few basic questions. What is this place? How does it moving west to attack Washington's battered work? What happened here? Why is it important (to forces. In the long struggle to defend Fort Mifflin, me)? Visitors take cues from the site and its a majority of its defenders (estimated at from 50% structures in order to answer these key questions. The to 70%) became casualties of the battle, and only scale and complexity of Fort Mifflin's site and a small number of the garrison and its structures can both mislead and inform, so it is reinforcements were able to make their escape to especially important to select interpretive themes the Jersey shore. This heroic and historically which emerge from the environment, terrain, and significant defense of a key chokehold demands- material evidence that visitors actually experience at and deserves-interpretation and commemoration: the Fort. it is a vital part of American historical memory. Three aspects of the story are especially striking-the 2) A Self-Contained Community: This singular place of Fort Mifflin in American historical memory, event, however, does not exhaust the story and its social history, and the challenges of establishing a significance of the site. Fort Mifflin is also fort on A/lud Island. These primary or core themes notable as one of the oldest continuously-used can engage many of the most dramatic and interesting forts in North America. It is an outstanding structures and stories at Fort Mifflin on the example of an important type of self-contained Delaware.. If they are effectively interpreted, severally community. At this site, soldiers, sailors and or together, they will go far toward answering the civilians lived and worked. Here they washed and threshold questions which visitors bring with them to dressed, cooked and ate, cleaned and slept. Here the site. These three themes can be summarized as they exercised and practiced crafts, pursued follows: A Crucial Chokehold: commemorates the sports and recreation, got sick and died. Ile role of Fort Mifflin in 1777 when its protracted history of Fort Mifflin as a self-contained defense purchased essential time for the Continental community, especially as it functioned in the mid- Army; A Self-Contained Community: interprets the 19th century, is another important theme for life of Fort Mifflin in the 19th-century, with special interpretation, one that is amply dramatized in the emphasis on its social history; An Engineering Forfs surviving fabric and structures. Challenge: explains how ingenuity and technology were used to respond to the uses of sea power, the 3) An Engineering Challenge: Ile third theme links evolution of naval artillery, and the problems of site the two others: the challenge of engineering at the and terrain. Fort on Mud Island. The evolution and use of the Forfs physical fabric over its period of occupation was determined by changes in both military and 25 civil engineering. Eighteenth-century military Civil engineering also helped to shape the Fort as we engineering dictated the siting of the Fort on Mud see it today. One of the basic engineering challenges Island and its basic form. Two prominent features was designing, building, and maintaining a fortress of the site-the casemates and the magazines-were and a community on what was essentially a tidal mud responses to the power of naval armaments. This flat. All the usual problems of establishing a continuing progress of naval guns made Fort defensive fortification in the 1770's were Mifflin obsolete during the 19th century. The compounded by the nature of Mud Island: it was soft, theme of engineering also brings out the wet and unstable. When strong walls were erected, importance of sea power: Fort Mifflin is an water from tides, rain, and seepage rushed into the integral part of the long, enduring tradition of center of the Fort, creating vast pools of standing American coastal defense. By the end of the 19th water. Many of the prominent features of Fort century, of course, new fortifications closer to the Mifflin, including its dikes, drainage system and mouth of the Delaware had made Fort Mifflin sluicegates, were installed in order to deal with the redundant. sponge-like character of the terrain. Other features, since lost, such as the "parades and walks" cited in Joseph Plumb Martin's account of the 1777 siege, were installed for the same purpose. Crosswalks are shown in the map of the central Parade Ground sketched by Lt. Col. Charles Smith in 1777: postholes that contained the supports for these wooden walks were excavated in 1959. In addition, the Forts's location in a marshy area down river from a large urban center multiplied the risks of illness, both viral and bacterial. It is no accident that a large hospital was established to deal with the sick, rather than the wounded! This aspect of engineering also introduces the Fort's relationship to its natural environment. Gun emplacements offer opportunities for placement of historic armaments and interpretation at the historic Fort. 26 Historical Interpretive Resources and palisades, part blockhouses and strong points. Opportunities Introduction of soldiers in the image would help to Fort Mifflin occupies a large, rich, and complex site. establish a sense of scale and to enliven the scene. Visitors to the site are confronted with unexpected- A set of maps and views-based on documentary and sometimes telling-juxtapositions and research-could be commissioned for use in disjunctions. Within minutes one could observe an waysides, publications, exhibits and media 18th-witury fortified wall, several adult turtles productions. basking on a log, a 19th-century sluicegate, a recent slide-tape presentation, a re-enactment or a 3) First Person Narratives: There are some demonstration, and a jumbo jet taking offjust wonderful first-person accounts included in overhead. All of these phenomena and more can be existing planning reports. It would be easy and deployed as resources for interpretation. Fort Mifflin effective to make use of some of these texts in the needs to refiirbish its current resources, exhibitions tour program, dramatic living history, media and media presentations, revise and re-publish its productions, special events, publications and brochures and guides, and focus its educational exhibits. Few interpretive tools are as powerful as programs on the same kinds of interpretive themes as a good story, especially told in the first-person. are used in the tour program. The current long-range Use of multiple sources-that is, multiple plan for education incorporates many services and characters' accounts-would enable interpreters to activities which comport well with the interpretive juxtapose two or more responses to the same themes proposed here: the more closely integrated the event or issue: this can reveal the complexity of interpretive and education programs are, the stronger the situation, often with humor, irony, or both. and more effective both will be. 4) Historical Vocabulary: One of the most engaging The following list of resources and opportunities is and informative aspects of the guided tour is an necessarily suggestive rather than definitive, explanation of how phrases such as 'hit the sack,' providing some ideas for extending the interpretive 'sleep tight,' and 'don't let the bed-bugs bite' program that is currently in place. came into our contemporary vocabulary. In addition to such domestic terminology, the jargons 1) Historical Documentation: The Historic of themilitary, sailing and commerce, hand crafts American Buildings SunMLs several planning such as smitbing, and medicine offer rich reports, books, and articles, constitute a rich resources for interpretation. Naval usages give us resource for interpretation and commernoration. 'boarding party' and 'close quarters' and many These sources provide excellent documentation of others as well. The following phrases from our thelayout and elevations of the original Fort contemporary usage all come from the age of sail, destroyed in 1777. One area which could be more especially relevant in interpreting Fort Mifflin fiill, exploited are military records such as muster which was designed to close off a key waterway and casualty lists: it would be important to know to sailing vessels: if the names of soldiers at the garrison in 1777 could be identified, especially the names of those batten the hatches trim the sails who fell in its defense. by and large elbow room plain sailing gathering way 2) Visual Representations: The sources noted above come about chock-a-block provide ample documentation with which to create give a wide berth fag end a new generation of interpretive visuals. To hand overfist know the ropes understand the strategic position that the Fort squared away try a new tack occupied, a detailed scaled map is needed. A hard and fast weather the storm large-scale bird's eye view is also badly needed in order to show the actual character of the. 5) Preservation and Archaeology: People are defenses-part stone-clad walls, part wooden usually very interested in ongoing processes, as 27 well as those that have been completed in the past. Northeast Bastion confirms the Fort's strategic Historical preservation and archaeology offer Fort location relative to the metropolis. Even the jets Mifflin an exceptional opportunity to interpret taking off and landing can be put to interpretive ongoing research, study, planning and use: they are the contemporary equivalent of interpretation. The Fort is already doing this water-borne shipping in the 18th-century, and it through its exhibit on restoration and its signage takes only a little imagination to see how easily throughout the site. A new exhibition is now Fort Mifflin's guns could cut off air traffic today, warranted, given the progress of recent years; it as it closed off the riverway in the 18th century. would also be wonderful to provide updates on current restoration projects, especially the The Historical neine - Interpretive Commandanfs House. Historic preservation Strategies. Visitor Circulation projects can also be linked to period craft Exhibitions, media presentations, publications, demonstrations and special events (such as a workshops and lectures are all effective ways of house-raising). If there is any way to initiate interpreting Fort Mifflin and will continue to be additional archaeological investigation at the site, important in the site's arsenal of interpretive modes. this too could provide visitors with dramatic But the most critical mode of experiencing Fort access to history: many sites based on Mifflin is likely to be the tour, guided or self-guided. archaeology have made the process the primary At present, both guided and self-guided tours are theme for interpretation! offered to visitors; in the future, both fb=s of tours will need to be provided, perhaps with the addition of a self-guided audio tour. An audio tour can be a dramatic and engaging new form of interpretation. At .......... ... .. ..... .......... ........ . ..... .... .... ...r Fort Mifflin, the basic overview tour of the site should encompass all three of the basic themes outlined previously, whether guided or self-guided using a printed brochure or an audio tape. .......... ........ ........ ...... .. ........ ........... ................. ... ... . . . . ..... ................. ............ ....... ............. ............ .............. ...... .. . .................. .... ...-..................... ... .......... . . ........... . X....... ...... ............ ............ . .. .... Reconstruction of the Commandant's House is a priorityfor enriching historic integrity Wthin the Fort. 6) The Contemporary Context: The site's location . ............. .... ........ and environment are valuable resources f or ... .. . ............ interpretation. Any visitor who climbs the parapet at the Water Battery, or who walks around the Guided tours and re-enactments ofFort history are effective outside of the perimeter wall, will see how closely stmiegiesfor inteppretation and education. Fort Mifflin is tied to the water, and how the natural environment challenged the Fort's For a tour of the site to achieve its fidl potential, the designers and builders. The presence of tankers, storylines and themes need to be clear and freighters, and barges on the river is an active comprehensible, the circulation routes have to be reminder of how important a waterway the well-defined and accessible, and the interpretation has Delaware is in the life of the surrounding valley. to connect visitors to what they are actually The view of Philadelphia's skyline from the experiencing at each moment on the tour. We have all 28 been on tours with guides or brochures that ask us to linked to first-person narratives, will show how Fort imagine what would have been here or-just as bad-to Mifflin closed off the waterway to British shipping. imagine that a standing structure isn't here, or worse yet, some combination of the two. The tour program As visitors move from the river toward the Fort, two needs to be carefully orchestrated to develop the core or three waysides should interpret the siege. Crossing themes at the places where visitors can experience the the bridge over the moat, visitors approach the was history being interpreted. of the Fort: here they should learn about the Fort's reduction and evacuation. Directly under the walls, At present, both the guided and the self-guided tours visitors should encounter some kind of a memorial begin with visitors entering the Fort from the north which commemorates the heroism of the defenders side. Visitors are encouraged to see the slide-tape and details the terrible casualties which they suffered. presentation and the large-scale diorama at the outset Commemoration is integral to site interpretation, and of their tour. These two interpretive elements tell the the Master Plan recommends that a memorial be story of the 1777 siege; and since both experiences erected in the shadow of the walls that survived the are indoors, they avoid the confusion of telling the siege. story of the l8th-century Fort (destroyed in the 1777 battle) in the misleading context of a l9th-century fortress. The self-guiding brochure also tells the story of the 1777 battle on one side of the sheet, and then tours visitors around the post-1777 Fort on the other side of the sheet. The interpretive program would gain much from driving home the distinction between the 1777 Fort and the Fort which visitors experience at the site ..... today. The only remaining fabric that survives from . . . . . .X .. ...... the 1777 Fort is a section of the stone-clad southeast ..................... ......... wall (now surmounted with later brickwork). To re- . . . . . ..... . ............ . ........... ... capture Fort Mifflin in the crucial year of 1777, it is . ....... . important to begin both guided and self-guided tours ...... outside the walls, approaching-the Fort from the northeast via the Water Battery. This line of ...... .... .. approach will orient visitors to the Forts strategic ...... location on the Delaware, offer a compelling view of the 18th-century fortifications, and allow time to tell why thr. Fort was placed here and what happened during the siege. The Master Plan proposes priIMary ent?y to the historic Fort at Once tie guided and self-guided tours begiri near the the Main (East) Gate, highlighting the strategic location of the picnicarea or the Water Battery-ideally at the originalfoWleations on the Delaware. restored dock, the visitor should proceed through the Water Battery (and, if possible, the dock) toward the Fort, and then south for a bit along the 18th-century The 1777 reduction of Fort Mifflin provides a good wall. A self-guiding brochure and a series of wayside opportunity to move into the theme of engineering on signs can explain the critical situation in which the Mud Island. In response to the Fort's destruction, the Continental Army found itself after a succession of next generation of fortifications incorporated a fully- losses and the occupation of Philadelphia by General developed perimeter wall (bigger and higher than the Howe. Maps, plans, and a bird!s eye view of the Fort, original walls), re-vamped bastions, heavily 29 reinforced casemates and magazines, erected a the interests of visitors by emphasizing one or central citadel, extended dikes and a full moat, and another theme. Third, self-guided thematic tours installed various systems for water control and should be made available on request: this means that disposal. Visitors entering the Main (East) Gate can visitors should be able to access specific structures visit the monumentally-scaled casemates and ascend and features in various sequences. onto the northeast bastion. The views from this high point will support all three of the core themes: views toward Philadelphia win show how the Fort was .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . placed to cut off water-borne supplies to the City (whose skyline is clearly visible); views toward the river will show the many engineering challenges; and ...-.... those over the interior of the Fort will show visitors a ........ ..... distinct sense of the self-contained community that ... ..... . ........ ... . ......... . ..... I . ............. existed in the Fort throughout the 19th century. 'Me ............. ............ . theme of engineering can be picked up in waysides and exhibit panels strategically placed in relation to standing structures and features. The theme of self-contained community is well- ------------- supported by standing structures. A clockwise walk Period interpretation, such as currently exists at the around the interior of the Fort, starting at the Arsenal Blacksmith Shop, should be expanded as an interpretive or the Storehouse, will bring visitors to the Artillery strategyfor the historic Fort. Shed, the Blacksmith Shop, the Commandant's House, the Parade Ground, and then to the Officers' Quarters and the Soldiers' Barracks. This kind of routing continues to reinforce the river orientation of the Fort and the primacy of its defensive function: it was there to block enemy navies moving upstream toward Philadelphia. The clockwise route also helps visitors to understand that the Fort was an artillery base and that structures like the Powder Magazines, . ........... Artillery Shed, and Blacksmith Shop were .............. functionally critical, while the living accommodations for the garrison were primarily for peacetime use, to be abandoned for the casemates in time of battle. Daily life in the Fort, especially in the living quarters, ... would make a good subject for an exhibition, or, even better, a media presentation. This would give visitors a compelling climax experience. Unused squarefootage in the Officers'Quarters offers Several qualifications have to be added at this point. opportunitiesforperiod interpretation of historic interiors. First, the site will always need some kind of a media presentation that tells the story of the 1777 Fort and I I siege in order to accommodate visitors who cannot 0 Environmental Interpretive Programming for walk the proposed tour route because of time the Nature Trail constraints, physical disability, inclement weather, This section describes the interpretive planning etc. Second, guided tours need not follow the strategies that relate to the environmental theme. For suggested tour by rote: costumed interpreters should the purposes of this Master Plan, these strategies are have the knowledge and ability to tailor each tour to incorporated in the proposed nature trail. 30 The natural setting of Fort Mifflin is an essential part nineteenth century on, this most industrial of of its history as well as an important wetland cities has changed the sizes and shapes of its ecosystem. Three major interpretive themes have river edges and wetlands. been identified that will in some instances enhance the human history of Fort Mifflin, as well as d) Describe eighteenth century use of wetlands as a increase the visitors' enjoyment of this surprisingly source of food and medicine (both plant and refreshing island of green in a heavily industrialized animal), household items (bedstraw), etc. Touch urban area. on the specific impact Fort Mffflin had on its natural surroundings through sewage and waste Environmental Interpretive Themes disposal and the effects of Fort construction, etc. Ile themes are broken down into several interpretive Discuss Philadelphia as an upriver source of storylines which may be presented on interpretive contagion. graphic panels and/or used as the basis for developing self-guiding handouts and guided tours. e) There is an opportunity to contrast all this These three themes can be summarized as follows: heavily European impact with the Native The Nature of Fort Mifflin: Then and Now: American (Leni Lenape) use of the land and point contrasts the eighteenth century with the of view. contemporary natural environment of Fort Mifflin; An Island of Green: interprets Fort Mffflin as an 2) An Island of Green: isolated green area and wedand within a heavily Ile theme of the 'Island of Green' focuses on the industrialized area; The Plants and Animals of Fort Mifflin ecosystem today and problems Fort Mifflin: emphasizes very specific plants and associated with small, isolated tracts of green animals at the Fort. space (i.e. fewer species, less buffer or protection against elements which tends to further reduce 1) The Nature of Fort Mifflin: Then and Now: the size of green areas). Emphasize positive The theme of 'Then and Now' describes reasons for preserving these isolated areas: historical human impact and the changing shape essential to migrating birds; can be critical of the site over two hundred years. It deals with habitat for endangered species; may connect with changing attitudes: the idea of humans struggling greenways in the future. to conquer natural forces in contrast with the contemporary idea of preserving nature. a) Show Fort Mifflin in its surroundings as a green haven hernmed in by industrial sprawl. Describe a) Describe the tidal riverine mud flats around Fort the encroachment of industry on the site - an Mifflin and adjacent wetlands of the late illustration of how big cities have traditionally eighteenth century as an ecosystem. used and misused their rivers. b) Fort Mifflin has changed its shape radically since b) Describe the site as having wetland and upland the eighteenth century. Describe its evolution habitats and the differences between these. from an island to its current state over the intervening years. Represent the populated vs. c) Define and describe wetlands, touching on the natural areas of the time and contrast with the different types and how to recognize them. present day. Describe the Fort Mifflin type, tidal riverine wetland, as one of richest and densest of living c) Discuss the European attitudes towards nature in communities outside of a tropical rain forest. the eighteenth century (something to be feared, mastered, used and controlled). For example, the d) Wetlands are critical habitat for migrating birds. prevalent belief that a marsh was not only They produce a great deal of food and provide a gloomy and unsightly but a threat to health as a safe haven and nesting place. Wetlands support natural source of pestilence. Show how, from the many and diverse plant and animal species. 31 Discuss wetlands as potential links in greenway Interpretive Programming/Site Development systems. Following is a list of strategies for incorporating wayfinding and interpretive strategies with e) Wetlands are crucial filters of toxic materials. recommended site improvements: 3) The Plants and Animals of Fort Mifflin: Reception and Orientation: ne 'Plants and Animals' theme describes the More and better signage is required to help visitors native plant species and contrasts them with find their way to the reception and admissions area invasive species. Their value to other wildlife is and from there to the starting point of guided or self- explained as well their contribution to our guided tours and other interpretive programs. A new understanding of the eighteenth-century visitor services building is proposed in the Master landscape. Wildlife-attracting species and easily Plan. observable species (such as the black walnut tree, which is both) are specified. Screening and Refurbishing the Site: Thick screens of trees and shrubs are needed to close a) Provide an overview (but not an exhaustive off views of the Army Corps complex to the description) of the animal species that may be northeast of Fort Mifflin. These views, unlike the seen at Fort Mifflin. Include the common as river views or even the passing aircraft, are intrusions well as the spectacular. Avoid identifyirig the on the site and obstacles to interpretation. endangered species on site as such. There is Refurbishing of housekeeping items such as the concern that tins may actually encourage replacement of worn and tattered exhibit elements interference with these plants and animals. and labels, and re-siting the guns at the Water b) Describe the function o f a tidal moat and Battery are included here. adaptations that selected, potentially Dock Entry: observable plant and animal species have The Master Plan reconunends that the dock be made to tidal fluctuation. stabilized and/or restored. This could be a wonderful starting point for tours. It would give visitors a clear c) Describe the encroachment and effects of orientation to the strategic importance of the site and invasive plant species, how they got here, and allow them to experience directly the waterway and why they create a problem. Contrast this river views. Dock access is also important, if the site with the process and value of returning is to develop water-borne traffic from Philadelphia. natural areas to native species. Tour Access: d) Note the efforts Fort Mifflin is making to Two points on the proposed tour route will require increase the value of its green space as a easier access. Currently, if visitors move along the wildlife habitat. Water Battery from east to west, they find themselves standing at the southwest rampart of the Water c) Establish a calendar of Natural Events: Fort Battery with a somewhat difficult descent. Ile Mifflifi changes with the seasons. Describe Master Plan proposes a new wood stair in this area. what one may see when returning in spring, Inside the Main (East) Gate, the Master Plan includes summer, fall or winter. Suggest best times for construction of a new ascent to the top of the birding or seeing certain plant species in northeast bastion. bloom, etc. This may be developed as a simple handout and may be displayed in a Interpretive GraphieslWayside Exhibits: larger format at the visitor services building. The proposed tour route requires researching, 32 planning, designing and installing sequences Of interpretive graphics running from the dock or Water Battery to the southeast wall of the Fort, through die Idain (East) Gate and into the northeast bastion, and then around the inside perimeter of the Fort, New interpretive graphics (including first-person quotes) should be placed in the interiors of the Casemates, b4agazines, Barracks, Smithy, etc. Commemorative and interpretive initiatives at the southeast wall are imperative at this important comer of the site. Pathways. Ckher than the access points noted above, the suggested tour routes are currently accessible to visitors. It is recommended that stable walkways be installed in the interior of the Fort in response to c*ntinuing wet conditions. It is also desirable to improve the perimeter path along the Fort's exterior, especially along the eastern side of the Fort: the path is uneven and somewhat undefined on this side of the site. Exhibitions, Media, andPublications: Revising these elements will be complex and costly: these efforts can be put on hold while the thematics are being worked through. It is recommended that revision of the self-guiding brochure be undertaken in the near future, as this may take a significant amount oftime to produce. 33 Descriptive Key to Signs and Graphics (see Location Plan) Wayfinding Signs SI Fort Mifflin Vehicular Entrance GWIO Artillery Shed S2 Fort Entrance (arrow) GW11 Blacksmith Shop S3 Parking GW12 West Sallyport. S4 Visitor Services, Ticketing (arrow) GW13 Powder Magazine S5 Visitor Services GW14 Officers' Quarters S6 Daily/Weeldy Events/Orientation Map GW15 Soldiers' Barracks S7 Administration Offices GW 16* Hospital& Mess Hall S8 Fort Entrance (arrow) S9 Nature Trail Existing waysides may be replaced in subsequent phase S10 Nature Trail SII Nature Trail S12 Restrooms S13 Gift Shop S14 Exit/Exit Message Interpretive Graphics - Historical GHI Introduction to Fort Mifflin GH2 Overview of Military Situation in 1777 GH3 Strategic Importance of Mud Island/Coastal Batteries GH4 Siege - Part I GH5 Siege - Part 2 GH6 The Original Wall GH7 Overview of Reconstruction: What You See Today GH8 Water Battery Interpretive Graphics - Environmental GNI Tidal Moat GN2 Fort Mifflin Area Ecosystem: Then & Now GN3 What is a Wetland? GN4 Why are Wetlands Important? GN5 Tidal Adaptations of Plants & Animals GN6 An Island of Green/Fort Mifflin's Landscape Restoration GN7 Native Plants GN8 Animals of Fort Mifflin GN9 Seasonality Existing Fort Waysides GWI* Fort Mifflin on Mud Island GW2 Storehouse/Preexisting Buildings GW3 Casernates or Bombproof GW4* Artillery GW5 Main (East) Gate/Flag GW6* The Siege of Fort Mifflin GW7 Arsenal GW8 Torpedo Casemate GW9 Citadel/Commandant's House 34 SU FORTMIFFLIN *On The Delaware* MASTER PLAN @'PRELIMINARY SIGNS AND GRAPHICS LOCATION CONCEPT KEY j WAYFINDING SIGNS SI-S14 S1 INTERPRETWE GRAPI-IICS GHI-GI18 MSTORY lilt 14ArURAL IIISTORY GNI-GN9 GW15 E)GSTING FORT WAYSIDES GWI-GWI6 -A13W 14 Nut" til GNV Note: Symbols Indicate General Areas For Locating These S10 Graphics and Sip Types. Quantities and Specific lllli@U3 \1 i Locations To Be Determined In A Subsequent Phase. Sil 2 GN3 GN4 GN8@ 0 7 ok@ @TTTD L= A I U K\I-:, rx -1@ Rdesign inc. I SCALE: 1"=150'-O" DATE, 10/2/95 NORTH 0 30 1.50 OFFSITE SIGNS LOCATION CONCEPT 0 Offsite Signage Required at Intersections. p t4'K RTPANFr ft-0 -41- 0 0 DELA WARE RIVER FORT NUFFLIN NORTH Master Plan Development Projects identified due to the conceptual level of planning and 6 minimal detailed design information. Many of the projects listed below can be phased over a period of Work identified through the Master Plan is defined in time, as funds are available. Volunteer labor can the following chart as discrete projects which are also be utilized as available, with an eye to reducing prioritized according to immediate action, short- construction costs. term action, and long-term action projects. The projects listed below include only new work Preliminary costs for construction of these projects identified within the Master Plan. Current have been estimated using 1995 dollars. These costs maintenance and building restoration needs have been do not include design fees. Standard contractor costs identified by the Fort staff, and costs for their are assumed for the purposes of estimating general implementation have been addressed separately in the costs. In most cases a range of cost has been Appendix of this document. 6.1 Immediate Action Projects Project Probable Cost Of Construction 1. Moat Improvements Dredging $60,000 - $100,000 Bank Stabilization $40,000 - $50,000 Tidegate Installation $50,000 - $70,000 2. Wayfinding Sign Installation Offsite Signs $3,000 - $4,000 Onsite Signs $9,000 - $13,000 3. Gatehouse and Entry Improvements Demolition & New Gatehouse @ 100 SF. $15,000 - $20,000 New Entry Gate $10,0000 Entry Planting $2,500 4. Visitor Parking Removal of Cannonball House by Others Lot Paving & Curb/Access Road/Drop-off, Custom Color Asphalt Paving $135,000 - $165,000 Army Corps Edge & Ut Screen Planting $35,000 - $50,000 51. Historic Fort Perimeter Parade Ground Paving Unit Pavers $50,000 - $75,000 6.. North Sallyport Access Improvements Custom Color Asphalt Paving with Edging $11,000 - $15,000 37 6.2 Short-term Action Projects Project Probable Cost Of Construction 1. Improvements to Fort Mifflin Road Access 500 LF. planting, both sides of road $15,000 - $25,000 2. Dock Reconstruction $500,000 3. Battery Boardwalk Oboardwalk, guardrail, steps $25,000 - $35,000 4. Ffistoric Fort Parapet Viewing Ggravel landing, guardrail, steps $10,000 - $12,000 5. Wood Foot Bridges Torpedo Channel $2,500 - $3,500 South Nature Trail $12,000 - $15,000 West Sallyport $20,000 - $25,000 6. Moat Boardwalk $50,000 - $65,000 7. Nature Trail Access Path Custom Color Asphalt $10,000 - $12,000 8. Primary Nature Trail Custom Color Asphalt $15,000 - $20,000 Selective Clearing $2,000 - $3,000 Planting $30,000 - $40,000 9. Interpretive Signage Historical Signage $35,000 - $45,000 Environmental Signage $35,000 - $45,000 10. Self-Guiding Brochures $5,000 - $10,000 38 6.3 Long-term Action Projects Project Probable Cost Of Construction 1. Visitor Services Building $200,000 - $225,000 2. Visitor Services Plaza $100,000 3. Storehouse Restroom. Improvements $50,000 - $75,000 4. Fort Satellite Sales Shop $10,000 - $15,000 5. Secondary Nature Trails Trail IlWater & Wetland Gravel Path $12,000 - $15,000 View Terrace 1 &2 $25,000 - S30,000 Selective Clearing $2,000 Planting $30,000 - $40,000 Trail 2INative Plants Gravel Path $12,000 - $15,000 Selective Clearing $4,000 Planting $50,000 - $60,000 Trail "ird & Berry Gravel Path $15,000 - $18,000 Selective Clearing $3,000 Planting $40,000 - $50,000 6. Interpretive Video Program $50,000 - $75,000 7. Interpretive Audio Program $10,000 - $20,000 8. Memorial to Defenders of the Fort $10,000 - $20,000 39 VISITOR SERVICES CENTER ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS HOSPITAL BUILDING/ FORT ARAPET VIEWING BOAT DOCK ADMINISTRATION VISITOR SERVICES PLAZA- BUS DROP OFF BUS PARKING BATTERY BOARDWALK FORTMIFFLIN VISITOR PARKING *On The Delaware* -PICNIC AREA MASTER PLAN LANDSCAPESCREEN NEW ARMY CORPS ENTRY - ILLUSTRATIVE MASTER PLAN ROAD FORT P@ RY WNW MOAT NEW GATEHOUSE AND i ENTRY GATE Ff7TEXIT DELAWARBRIVER SITOR RE ENTRY ROAD LANDSCAPE IMPROVEMENTS HISTORIC SATELLITE SALES/ SHOP NATURE TRAIL ACCESS PATH PA%ADE GRO PJAAqNG s@ ..... .... ... . A 711@ G TE MOA_@BOARDWALK PRIMARY NATURE TRAIL . . . . ........ IN . . . . . . . . . .. SALLYPORT ACCESS VIEWING TER-RACE NATURE A4A SE ONDARY NATURE TRAIL I .. ....... .. ...... ...... ... N@\ SECONDARY NATURF-.TRAII. ... . . .. i.......... C L Rdcsign inc. SCALE: I"=150'-O" Ix,i:iam DATE:, 10/2/95 NORTH 0 50 150 SECONDARY NATURETRAIL 2 7 Appendix The Master Plan Appendix contains various documents which were instrumental as background for the planning process. The detail of these documents also serves as a point of departure for implementation of the Master Plan recommendations. Many of these documents have been compiled by the staff of Fort Mifflin and include summaries of Programming and Activities, Education Planning through the Year iOOO, and Operations and Physical Plant. Attached as the final portion of the Appendix is the "Environmental and Engineering Evaluation offort Mifflin on the Delaware", prepared by Pennoni Associates Inc. that identifies environmental issues and conditions; permitting considerations and requirements; and sitelmoat engineering options. 41 7.1 Programming & Activities Visitor Information Hours of Operation: April I through November 30 Wednesday through Sunday 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. December I through March 30 Monday through Friday Performed Group Tours only Admission Prices: Adult: $4.00 Children/Students: $2.00 Seniors: $3.50 Education Programs: $1.00 Group Pricing: Receptive Operator: $3.25 per adult 10% discount in Sales Shop Bus Tours $3.50 per adult 10% discount in Sales Shop Group Leaders: $3.75 per adult Security Gate is locked from 5:00 PM to 7:00 am and monitored by the Army Corps of Engineers Maintenance: Grounds Maintenance, use of seasonals, Chief of Maintenance, Cleawng Crews, Volunteers and Community Service Corps 42 E Visitor Profile Visitors to Fort Mifflin currently fall into broad identifiable groups: special event visitors, weekday and weekend visitors. Visitation occurs primarily during ten months of the year - March through December. The Fort is closed to, visitors on Monday and Tuesday. All visitors generate ticket sales and rental foes for the Fort, with the exception of visitors for the Freedom Blast (a free City-wide celebration), Mothers on Mothers Day, and Fathers on Fathers Day. Following is a summary of current visitation trends, based on staff observation rather than survey figures. This summary does not address seasonal trends in visitation, although the Fort staff notes an increase in visitation on Simdays, and in the fall. 1994 Annual Visitation 15,000 Special Events 6,400 Site Rentals 500 April History Alive (day) 250 June/July Freedom Blast (day) 5000 Oct. Garrison Days (2 days) 550 Nov. Siege of 1777 (2 days) 100 Nofigures generatedfor smallerprograms 60% School Children 5,160 1 bus/day Principally grades 4 & 5 40 children/bus 10 months: March-Dec. Weekday visitation W-F (Dec. & March visitation M-F) Includes summer camp, groups 30% Families 2,580 4 cars/day Average 4/car 8 months: April-Nov. Visitation: Wednesday-Sunday Heavy Sunday visitation 10% Other 860 27 cars/week 8 months: April-Nov. Young Adults Seniors - individual & groups Bus Tours 43 Collections and Collections Care The collection policy of Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is limited to objects, artifacts, documents and books related to coastal fortifications or military history with direct association to military life as it would have existed at Fort Mifflin or the people who lived there. All other collections will be limited to those required for interpretation of the Fort. Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is only interested in exhibits reflective of the Fores history and is not interested in exhibits not related to the topic. In order to preserve and protect such objects, artifiLcts, documents and books, a proper storage environment will be created and maintained. Interpretive Programming Current Operation Presently the Fort Interpretive Staff offers regularly scheduled visitor tours at 1:00 PM and 3:00 PM on weekdays and 11:00, 1:00 and 3:00 on weekends. Uniform and Weapons demonstrations are held at 2:00 PM on weekdays and 10:00, 12:00 and 2:00 on weekends. Visitors may take a self-guided tour by using the Fort brochure which is provided to them when adn-dssion is paid. Pre-formed Groups are offered tours at 10:00, 11:00, 12:00 and 1:00. The Interpretive Staff at Fort Mifflin is very knowledgeable of both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Additionally, the guides can speak adequately on social and geographic issues, world and ethnic issues as they were affected by the different wars. Their interpretation includes the buildings of the Fort, their use, evolution and restoration. Artillery Demonstrations are offered on Sunday afternoons and/or if paid for by a pre-formed group. Pre-formed Groups: 'Me Fort currently offers two different programs: Revolutionary War and Civil War. Future programn-dng should include the quasi 1798 Naval Battle with France and the War of 1812 and Ethnic Military Mstory. Each tour includes: Tour of the Fort Description of the Battle of 1777 Uniform and Weapons Demonstration Groups can request a cannon demonstration at $20.00 and/or a Treasure Hunt at $20.00 for the first 30 children under seven. 44 Interpretive Programming (continued) Anticipated Future Operation Additional tours will include: Architecture Historic Fort Architecture Military Archimure Coastal Fortification Architecture Exhibits 71e Building of Fort Mifflin - The Montressor Papers The Siege of Fort Mifflin Artifacts and Historic Archaeology The Commandant's House IMe French Connection to Fort Mifflin Uniforms of America's Military Environmental Pressures Environmental Self-Guided tour of Flora and Fauna Waysides explaining wooded and wedand area River Walk Bicycle Path as part of Schuylkill River Heritage Park Living History Music Programming Period Re-enactors - War of 1812, Revolutionary War, Civil War Role Playing of Characters from Historic Periods Stage Interpretation of Historic Events and Personages 45 Educational Programming The objective of the education program is to make the Fort more interactive for students and to facilitate their understanding of how history plays a real and significant part in people's lives. Additionally, the goal is to help students understand preservation issues along with historical and human issues. Education Programs are offered to pre-formed groups seeking specific programming during the time period of Monday through Friday. Programs are designed for particular age groups and involve lecture, discussion and hands-on activities. An Education Coordinator organizes and directs the educational activities. The Education Committee, made up of Bodard Members and other interested parties (largely associated with the Philadelphia School District) is involved in the creation of an Education Plan and meets regularly. Cost of Education Programs: $1.00 in addition to normal admission Programming will begin in September of 1994 Working Themes (Autumn 1994): 19th Century Medical Program (Blood, Sweat and Tears) Multi-cultural role playing (World of Diversity, A Common Cause) Flag Program - lEstory of the American Flag, Regimental Flags (Old Glory) Environmental - Mapping, water testing, etc. (FORTscapes) Architecture for Young Folks (Fort FUNdamentals) Teachers will be provided with pre and post visit activities. Additional Programming: Science and Engineering Women - Family Life and Military W.W.1 and W.W.11 Summer Hstory Camp Lecture Series 46 Other Activities Current Volunteer Activities Re-enactment/Activity The Mifflin Guard 300 members W.W.1 Re-enactors 75 members War of 1812 Fort McHenry Guard Old Fort Mifflin Historical Society 12 members Crew of the Victoria 10 members (Naval Programs) Battery B 1st PA Artillery 9 members Maintenance/Administrative Bell Pioneers 200 members US Butte 100 members US National Guard Various Boy/Girl Scout Troops Community Service Corps Young Marines Facility Rentals - Corporate Retreats - Fundraising Activities - Company Picnics - Reunions - Military Reunions Auxiliary Services - Food Service - Vending Machines - Sales - Acoustiguide - Changing Exhibit Gallery - Video 47 Special Events Programming Currently Fort Mifflin hosts four annual special events which are considered the core of the interpretive programming of the Fort. These events specifically commemorate the most significant points of the Fort's history. The one exception is the Freedom Blast which is sponsored by the City of Philadelphia as part of the Freedom celebration of July 4th. ffistory Alive - April Freedom Blast! - July Civil War Garrison Days - October Siege of 1777 - November In addition to the above, the Fort also hosts other events throughout the season but not on a regular date basis which are supplementary to the interpretation of the Fort: Artillery Programs - June, July, August, Sept. Summer Music Programs - July, August War of 1812 - September Civil War Naval Program - April, July School of the Musician - April, May, Oct., Nov. School for Artillery - Spring Revolutionary Garden Party - May (these dates may vary from year to year) Special occasion events will include: VE Day Commemoration May, 1995 Fund-raiser (Annual) World War I African-American Military Experiences Civil War Wedding September 1994 1996 - 225th Anniversary of the Building of Fort Mifflin 2002 - 225th Anniversary of the Siege of Fort Mifflin 48 Marketing -77 Goah Increase visitation at a rate of 35% per year through the year 2005 Increase revenue generatedper person to $5. 00 by year 1996 Challenge: Create Greater Recognition and Visibility Among Tourists and Local Residents Strategy: I Inclusion of Fort Mifflin in all publications relating to tourism, historic sites, educational venues, environmental interests, special events, sites of interest, etc. 2. Maintaining stack brochures and other pertinent information at areas of high public visibility 3. Develop and maintain relationship with bus tours leaders, group leaders, hotels, receptive operators, convention and visitor bureaus 4. Use of newspapers, magazines and television in the most optimal way for increased visibility 5. Participation in local events recognizing historic/Philadelphia sites 6. Alignment with Historic Philadelphia and the Historic Neighborhood Consortium, Schuylkill River Heritage Park, Delaware River Heritage Park, the Schuylkill River Coalition, Tri-State Coalition of Historic Places. Challenge: Expand Programming to Increase Visit Desirability Strategy: I - Selective use of special event programming 2. Creation of living history program on daily basis 3. Initiation of Historic Lecture Series 4. Continuation of "Fiddlin' At the Fort" music series 5. Use of permanent and rotating exhibits 6. Continuation of small weekend events Challenge: Improve and Increase Accessibility to Site Strategy: I - Improved road signage 2. Renaming of Island Avenue to Fort Mifflin Road 3. Initiation of Ferry tour: - Fort to Fort - Schuylkill River - Delaware River 4. Increase in Bus Tour visitation 5. Cooperative effort with train operators 49 Surrounding Influences & Collaborative Efforts Philadelphia International Airport The Philadelphia International Airport, Fort Mifflin's neighbor to the west, is currently executing plans for expansion of their commuter runway. This proposed area will run directly north of the Airport and west-northwest of Fort Mifflin. In order to secure the Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission's approval of the runway and mitigate any concerns over infringement on historic property or damage to buildings, the Airport has agreed to provide a certain amount of monetary compensation to the Fort which will provide funding for underground wiring outside the Fort, repair of the sluicegate, and sewer connection into the Army Corps line. Currently the Fort is working with the Philadelphia Department of Recreation and the Water Department to determine an equitable means of payment for maintenance of the connection. The project will rcroute the large plane approach over the southern end of the Fort site and will impact alignment of roadways in the area. USArmy Corps of Engineers The Army Corps controls the area along the river directly east and north of the historic Fort. Their interaction with the Fort is limited, however, they do provide gate secunty, overflow parking area, dock privileges and snow removal to the old Fort. Coffection to the Corp's surface water runoff situation is being negotiated. A plan has been prepared to provide for relocation of the Corp's entry road, affording Fort Mifflin a private vehicular entry that can be controlled and monitored, particularly when the Fort is closed to visitors. Delaware RiverlSchuylkill River Ferry Historically, the Delaware River was the only way to get to Fort Mifflin. Cuffently, due to the deteriomted condition of the dock there is no easy access to the site from the river. However, there is cuffent movement by Fort Mifflin on the Delaware to restore the dock and create a river trip from Penn's Landing in Philadelphia to Deptford, NJ (location of historic Fort Mercer) and sites along the Schuylkill River. United Parcel Service UPS is located approximately two miles southwest of the Fort. Fort Mifflin on the Delaware's objective is to develop a stronger "neighborhood" relationship with UPS. Southeast Water Treatntent Plant Just northwest of the Fort, this site causes significant odor when the winds are blowing south. This only happens occasionally, however, it could prove to be a long term concern as it could affect the Fort's ability to attract corporate meetings, receptions, and other site rentals. According to local historians, there are the remains of British batteries constructed during the Siege of Fort Mifflin located on the property. The Schuylkill River Bike Trail In process for 30 years, the Schuylkill River Bike Trail will run from Reading, PA to Fort Nfifflin, and is significantly completed in parts. It is anticipated that the trail will reach to the vehicular entry of Fort Mifflin within the next 10 years. 50 Surrounding Influences & Collaborative Efforts (continued) Eqrt Arifflin Boulevard In order to have Fort directional signage placed on 1-95, it is necessary to account for 200,000 visitors per year on site. Since Fort Mifflin does not yet accommodate this amount of tourists, an alternative is to have Island Avenue, south of SR291, renamedto Fort Mifflin Boulevard. With this in place road/directional signage can then be installed on 1-95 in place of signs now reading 'Island Avenue'. Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is in the process of gathering preliminary approval and approaching the appropriate politicians. Some resistance to this concept has been encountered. Chief among the objections are the historic nature of the existing name, as well as the cost and inconvenience to Island Avenue businesses resulting from an address change. It is considered a possibility that the road could be double-named. Signage In order to facilitate the arrival of visitors to the site and guide them once they are at the Fort a signage plan and execution is under way. The Philadelphia Streets Department has signaled their agreement to help with sign fabrication and placement for street signs. Onsite signs will be created to identify ticket prices, sales shop, parking, accessible parking, hours of operation and other necessary information. Forts and Other )WIfitary Sites Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is eager to develop working relationships with other forts in the area, including Forts Mercer, Delaware and Mott. Contact has been made with Forts Mercer and Delaware to begin programmatic initiatives and share information. Fort Mercer will participate in joint programming when the river ferry is initiated. Fort Delaware has expressed interest in creating an afl-day tour which would involve tours, overnight stays, eating and other tourist allracfion initiatives. Brandywine Battlefield is currently working on a Revolutionary War Tour which will include the Fort. River Sites Collaborative efforts are under way with Bartram's Gardens in regards to the Revolutionary Garden Party, Guns and Roses Tour, and Guns and Gardens. Future plans include the river tour which will also encompass the Waterworks at the Art Museum. Historic Attractions Affiliation with other historic sites such as those located in the Historic Mile in Philadelphia will benefit this site enonnously in regard to exposure, networking and fundraising. Cannonball House The Philadelphia Historic Commission has been requested to dismantle and remove the Cannonball House from Fort Mifflin, as this building is not part of the site's historic structures and is in disrepair. Airport Shuttle Bus The introduction of shuttle to transport visitors between the Airport and the Fort is under discussion. .51 7.2 Operations& Physical Plant Staffing Current Staffing: Executive Director Development Consultant (part time -full time) Bookkeeper (Consultant) Office Assistant Education Director Marketing Assistant (PT) Chief of Maintenance Interpretive Guides (2) Anticipated Staffing: Executive Director Marketing Director Development Director Education Director Volunteer Coordinator Chief of Interpretation Interpretive Guides (2) Chief of Maintenance Maintenance Seasonals (2) Administrative Assistant Bookkeeper (Consultant) Sales Clerk (Volunteer) Admissions Clerk (Volunteer) 52 E Maintenance Statement of Intent Due to the establishment of Fort Mifflin on the Delaware, Inc., Fort Mifflin is now in a stabilized condition, for the first time since its decommissioning. The following list prepared by Fort Mifflin staff addresses the maintenance issues for each building. Priority assignments have been identified as: Life and Safety Issues Property Loss Prevention Personnel Chief of Maintenance Service Personnel Seasonal Bell Telephone Pioneers of America Community Service Corps Volunteer Program Funding Future development issues include the "Adopt a Building" concept to allow for one or more groups to make contributions in support of a particular building. To date, the following buildings have been sponsored: Blacksmith Shop: Military Order of Foreign Wars $1,000 Officer's Quarters: Sons of Cincinnati $2,500 Use of volunteers, donated goods and services from local businesses, and diverting current income to individual projects will help with the immediate maintenance needs of the site. Maintenance Schedules Building Lime and Ochre every two years Whitewash every two years Pillar Replacement approximately every ten years Cleaning once a month Painting (shutters/doors) every two years Brick Drain - Fort Walls - Seawall Maintenance Weeding/Application of Weed Killer once a year Pointing every five to ten years Moat Cleaning once a year Dredging needed immediately, then intermittently Parking Lot Leveling and Restoning every year, if not paved Road Repaving repair as needed Parade Grounds/Demilune/Hospital Area Cutting once a week in season Reseeding as necessary Nature Walk Pruning and Clearing once a year, or as needed 53 Restoration Projects Over the years, several studies have been prepared for Fort Mifflin, directed specifically toward the assessment and restoration of historic structures. CLR did not carry out any historic structure survey as part of their physical master plan assignment. The following is a summary of restoration project status prepared by others for these historic structures, as well as iriftastructure improvements needed on the property. Building Status Funds Funds Time Line Available Needed HospitaMess Hall Restored Maintenance Required* SIO'000 1995 - Fall Officer's Quarters Restored Requires electrical work Maintenance Required- $2,500 Completed Soldices' Barracks First Floor Restored Second Floor Unrestored None None Storehouse Restored Casemate # I Maintenance Required* Airport $0 1995 - Fall Casemate #2 Maintenance Required* Airport volunteer Casemate #3 Maintenance Required* Airport labor Casemate #4 Maintenance Required* Airport Casemate #5 Maintenance Required* Airport Bakeoven Maintenance Rquired* $1,000 Artillery Shed Restored Maintenance Required* 1995 -Fall Blacksniith!s Shop Restored Maintenance Required* $1,000 Completed Powder Magazine Maintenance Required* so Completed w/volunteers Water Battery Unrestored North Sallyport Unrestored East Sallyport Unrestored Northwest Sallyport Unrestored Commandant's House Unrestored $160,000 $1.2 million In Process Sub Total Funds Available $164,500 Sub Total Funds Needed $1,210,000 54 E RESTORATION PROJECTS, continued Building Status Funds Funds Time Line Available Needed Torpedo Casemate Restored Maintenance Needed* so Completed w/volunteers Fort Walls Restored Maintenance Needed $125,000 None Total Funds Available $164,500 Total Funds Needed S1,335,000 Maintenance required approximately every two to three years E Other Improvements Needed Improvement Status Funds Funds Electrical Rehab. Available Needed - Underground Wires Pending so Completed by City Phase I - Building Distribution Pending Completed by City Phase H - Casemate Distribution Not Scheduled Completed by City Phase M Sewer Not Scheduled none Watertight Casemates Not Scheduled none $126,000 Moat Dredging Needed none $200,000 Sluicegate Repairs needed none Road Relocation Pending Seawall Repairs needed none $6,000 Dock Major Repairs none $200,000 Total Funds Available so Total Funds Needed (as known) S532,000 55 7.3 Education Plan Fiscal Years 1995 - 2000 The following document was prepared by Fort Mifflin on the Delaware: 56 FORT MIFFLIN ON THE DELAWARE EDUCATION PLAN Fiscal Years 1995-2000 November 7, 1994 Lori Dillard Education Director INTRODUCTION Education programs play an important role in fulfilling the mission of Fort Mifflin. "To educate and enrich students and families" is the primary goal of the education plan in order to engage learning. and involve people, and to help insure the preservation and understanding of this important historical resource. The following education plan provides an outline and direction for the Education Program during the period of January 1995 to December 2000. In addition, it sets a direction by identifying programs and strategiescurrently under consideration for possible application and execution. The following strategies are not exclusive of other options, not mentioned here, that may be considered at another time. Target date schedules are also subject to change. Education programming at Fort Mifflin is a complement to but separate from Interpretive Programming. Interpretive Programming includes tours of the Fort , uniform and weapons demonstrations, and special event ' I programming. Education programming, although it is frequently combined with Interpretive Programming, is considered a separate entity. . A review date of April 1995 will address any'needed changes to this document. EDUCATION GOALS I. To position Fort Mifflin as the destination of choice for every regional school district's field trip schedule. Develop and implement educational programs that define Fort Mifflin as a National Historical Landmark and a diverse resource for military, architectural, 18th century and 19th century history. III. Develop and implement educational programs that utilize Fort Mifflin as a rich environmental resource. EDUCATION OBJECTIVES � Develop a range of educational programs that address and complement the region's school curriculum. � Develop support materials that complement education programming at Fort Mifflin. � Provide education programs to an audience consisting of children, adults, seniors and families. � Increase visitation through quality programs that will bring in new audiences and promote repeat visitation. � Increase regional educators' awareness of the Fort and its history. EDUCATION OBJECTIVES 0 C E: Develop a range of educational programs that address.and complement the region's school curriculum. CURRENT PROGRAM: The following education programs are provided independently or combined with an optional interpretative tour of Fort Mifflin. Each education program lasts one hour and consists of a lecture, hands-on activities and discussion. Grade level: Kindergarten - 3rd grade FORT FUNdamentals An exploration of the Fort's architecture This program will teach FUNdamental features of buildings and architecture while students explore the texture, materials, shapes, construction, function, and decoration of the'diverse architecture of the Fort. Using pre-cut shapes, students make a collage of their -own FORTscape. Grade level: 4th - 7th A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE AND A COMMON PURSUIT Ethnic Diversity During the Revolutionary War Students explore the important role ethnic groups played in shaping our nation. Students discover the diverse culture of the colonies and how these groups came together as one, a voice united for Liberty, while re-enacting the roles of historical figures who contributed to the Revolutionary War. STARS AND STRIPES: The Story of the American Flag Students learn about the hisiory of our American flag, from the British Union Jack, to colonial and regimental flags. Students discover the real story behind "Old Glory". Students then attend our flag workshop and make their own flag with symbols to represent themselves. CURRENT PROGRAM, Continued Grade level: 5th - 12th grade BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS An Examination of Medical Practices ofthe 19th Century Students examine a doctors kit and learn about surgeons serving during the Civil War as they explore the common medical practices of the 19th century. Activities include prescribing treatment to an ailing soldier. FORTscapes: An Environmental Look at Fort Mifflin Using Fort Mifflin's surrounding natural environment and its location on the Delaware River, students develop an awareness of man's alteration of the environment and its effect on topography and nature. Activities include map reading -and water testing. FUTURE PROGRAM: The following proposed actions will be implemented within the next five years. Two historical periods are emphasized in the programming, Revolutionary War and Civil War.* Starting September 1995 at lea3t one new program will be implemented every new school year, from 1995 to 2000. Therefore, -five new programs will be iinplemented during that time. � REMEMBER THE LADIES The Contribution Woman Made in the Revolutionary War � ON THE LOOM AND IN THE FACTORY Working Women in the 1800s � HOMESPUN BLUE AND GRAY The Role of Women in the Civil War � FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM African-American Program � BROTHERS AT WAR Ethnic Diversity in the Civil War � PRIVATE YANKEE DOODLE Diary Activity � 18th CENTURY MEDICINE 6 FUTURE PROGRAM, Continued � OUT WITH THE OLD AND IN WITH THE NEW Comparing objects of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries � THE DELAWARE RIVER: A MAJOR HIGHWAY IN THE 1700s Travel, Commerce and Shipping on the Delaware River * THE ENGINEERING FEAT OF FORT MIFFLIN *Some of the programs will be similar in theme but adapted to each of the two historical periods, 18th and 19th century, to provide more options to teachers. OBJECTIVE: Develop support materials that complement education programiriing at Fort Mifflin. CURRENT PROGRAM: Teacher materials accompany each program with pre-'and post'visit activities to be conducted in the classroom by the teacher to enhance learning and Fort programming. Packets for each program are provided for this purpose. FUTURE PROGRAM: Materials will be developed to compliment each new program as they are implemented. Develop teacher materials for each new program and publish for distribution to teachers. Starting in 1997, funding will be pursued to develop audio-visual presentations. Produce slide presentations to use as an introduction to specific education programs. Beginning in 1997, funding will be pursued for self-guided teaching materials. Develop a walking brochure\handout to coincide with the nature walk rehabilitation and environmental initiatives at the Fort. The handout will encourage visitors to explore the Fort's natural surroundings and learn more about its environmental history. OBJECTIVE: Provide education programs to an audience consisting of children, adults, seniors, and families. CURRENT PROGRAM: Programming at Special Events, such as living history demonstrations, and children's games and activities, currently address some of the needs in this area. However, event programming is the responsibility of Interpretation and not that of Education. Note: This does not exclude the possibility of adding education programs to Special Events in the future. FUTURE PROGRAM: Initiated in Sunnner 1995 to be continued through 2000. * Summer History Camp:. Implement three camp sessions to last one week each, Monday - Friday from 10:00 - 4:00. Day camps will provide hands-on lessons -in an active and fun summer camp environment. The camp will educate groups of young people not necessarily targeted through schools and other youth group organizations. Suggested Camp: The camp will be set up similar to an army training camp (except it will be much more fun). Kids will be recruited, enlisted and then fall into roll call. The young recruits upon entering the garrison, will be given a tour of their facilities. Each day will include activities that Revolutionary War soldiers had to participate in, such as preparing for battle, musket drills, making cartridges, mending clothes, cooking, writing letters, making candles, etc. At the end of the camp, each of the good soldiers will be promoted to Private First Class in a ceremony that parents will be invited to attend. Mother's Day, May 14, 1995. Program will coincide with National Wetlands Month and marketing efforts, mothers will be admitted free of charge. The program will continue on each Mother's Day through the year 2000. Father's Day, June 18, 1995. Program will coincide with Flag Day and marketing efforts, fathers will be admitted free of charge. The program will continue on each Father's Day through the year 2000. Family Programs Implement weekend programs designed for families, where parents and their children are encouraged to participate together in hands-on learning. Programs will be thematic and may or may not coincide with special events. Special programs for Mother's Day and Father's Day are of particular interest where activities are developed to enhance the parent\child relationship as well as learning at Fort Mifflin. Starting in 1996, funding will be pursued for adult education initiatives. Lecture Series Plan weekend or evening lectures to promote continuing adult education and interest of topics relating to Fort Mifflin, the Revolutionary War period and Civil War period. Starting in 1998, funding will be pursued for senior education programs. Senior Groups Collaborate with Elder hostels, to provide a site where a lecture or visit to Fort Mifflin is part of their schedule. Design lecture series especially suited for an elder audience to be held during the day. Develop outreach programs for community groups and nursing homes. Plan workshops held during the -day, that would teach a craft or pastime. 10 OBJECTIVE: Increase regional educators. awareness of the Fort and its history. CURRENT PROGRAM: Education Brochure A three-fold brochure that advertises and describes the education program. Education brochures are mailed to all area schools and youth group organizations, within a 100 mile radius, describing and promoting Fort Mifflin's education programs. Curriculum Fairs Information booths set up to distribute brochures and information about Fort Mifflin to teachers and youth organizations. Flyers Additional information about the Fort's education program used as a ha nd- out to walk-in visitors, mailings and requests for information. Corporate Packages Press Packages FUTURE PROGRAM: Continuing efforts /r0771 January 1, 1995 through December 31, 2000. The following actions will be performed in conjunction with the Marketing efforts of Fort Mifflin: � Mail press releases to all area newspapers announcing new education initiatives. � Mail press releases to all area newspapers announcing special education programs. � Annually, as an overview, announce education programs and activities to members and people on the Fort's general mailing list. � Make announcements in the Fort Quartffly and other organization newsletters. � Distribute printed materials at conventions and fairs. � Make oral presentations to principals, community organizations, PTA meetings and other appropriate venues. FUTURE PROGRAM, Continued � Expand mailing list to include homeschoolers to distribute information and education program brochures. � Approach local and regular public service organizations for air time, 12 SUPPORTING RESOURCES PERSONNEL CURRENT PERSONNEL: Professional Staff Education Director The Education Director is responsible for the development and execution of education programming as defined within the education mission and goals of Fort Mifflin. The Education Director will report directly to the Executive Director and will work in conjunction with the Interpretive Guides of Fort Mifflin and the Marketing personnel. FUTURE PERSONNEL: Additional staff may be needed as programs'expand and visitation increases. PROFESSIONAL Education Assistant/Coordinator Primary responsibilities will be to work with the Education Director to help implement school and youth programs, a summer history camp and family programs. In addition, he/she will schedule tours and education programs, and perform related tasks. The Education Assistant will report directly to the Education Director and will work in conjunction with the Interpretive Guides of Fort Mifflin. SEASONAL/PART TIME Summer History Camp Assistant Primary responsibilities will be to help staff plan and implement a summer history camp including recruiting visitation, designing activities and conducting the program. This position will be necessary if the program expands; based on demand and interest, requiring an increase in available weeks of camp and campers admitted. 13 FUTURE PERSONNEL, Continued VOLUNTEERS Volunteer Activity Guide Volunteer guides are responsible, in conjunction with the Education Director, for conducting school and youth group education programs and providing office support as needed. The Volunteer Activity Guide will report directly to the Education Director and will work in conjunction with the Interpretive Guides of Fort Mifflin. Volunteer Summer History Camp Counselor Camp Counselors will work with staff to direct camp activities and help with daily preparations and clean up. Camp Counselors will report directly to the Education Director. STAFF DEVELOPMENT Training Staff are encouraged to participate in field trips, attend local lectures, visit historical sites and attend conferences and workshops -for professional development and enrichment. A small budget will be set aside for travel and registration fee costs. Volunteers will be trained for specific tasks on an individual basis. Volunteers are encourage to follow the same goals for enrichment as the staff. Annual field trips to other institutions will be arranged for the staff to increase awareness of other programs and to offer improvement of our own. Membership Staff are encouraged to obtain individual memberships to regional and national organizations that serve historic sites and museum education. Fort Mifflin will maintain organizational memberships to selected local, regional, and national organizations. 14 FACILITIES Fort Mifflin consists of 13 restored and interpreted buildings. Although all of the buildings and spaces can be used for lessons, the primary space will be a 19th century mess-hall that provides ample room for tables, set up and movement. Future activities may require a 'Space for AV presentations. EVALUATION. CURRENT PROGRAM: None FUTURE PROGRAM: Beginning January 1, 1995 the following actions will be implemented. � Design an evaluation survey to be given to every teacher or contact person who books an education program. � Record numbers who participate in each program from year to year as a comparison. � Prepare an easy evaluation card to hand out to participating students asking how they liked the program they received. These would be handed out to groups randomly. � Design an evaluation survey for teacher materials to be included in every packet. 15 AP.PENDIX ADMISSION INFORMATION Teachers will choose one of the 'following options: Interpretive Tour/Uniforms and Weapons Demonstration Education Program and Activity $2.00 perstudent Interpretive Tour/Uniforms and Weapons Demonstration $1.00 Education Program and Activity per student $1.00 per student Teachers and Chaperones $4.00 per person or $3.00 per person (if there is I chaperone per every 10 students) Fees ivill be assessed each year for rate increases. 16 7.4 Environmental& Engineering Evaluation The following document was prepared by Pennoni Associates. 57 Pennoni Associates Inc. 1600 Callowhill Street, Philadelphia, PA 19130, Tek 215-561-0460, Fax: 215-496-0063 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal August 9, 1995 CLR Design, Inc. 115 North Third Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 Re: Fort Mifflin on the Delaware Philadelphia, PA Environmental and Engineering Evaluation CLRR-92A7.004.01 Dear Mr. Rodgers: In accordance with our proposal M100, dated January 25, 1995, and revised March 20, 1995, Pennoni Associates Inc. is pleased to present this letter report of our environmental and engineering evaluation for Fort Mifflin on the Delaware ("Fort Mifflin"). The following numbering system follows the Scope as presented in the proposal. INTRODUCTION Pennoni Associates Inc. was contracted to provide environmental consultations. Within the services to be provided are inventories of vegetation, wildlife and aquatic species, a preliminary wetland evaluation, summarization of various environmental permits that are associated with proposed improvements, identification of impacts associated with the sluice gate repair and dredging of the moat, and an evaluation of dredging alternatives. Fort Mifflin is a 40 acre tract situated between the Delaware River and Philadelphia International Airport in Philadelphia, PA. This area was developed in the 1770's for military purposes. A review of the landscape indicates that there has been minimal recontouring of the land since it's original development. The nature area of the tract (southern side) can be characterized as successional woods, with secondary growth hardwoods overgrowing the historic Batteries. 1.1 VEGETATIVE INVENTORY Pennoni Associates Inc. preformed on-site inspections at Fort Mifflin during April and May 1995. Table 1 is a listing of vegetation identified on-site, with both the common and scientific species. A Vegetative Association Plan has been prepared, depicting the dominant vegetative associations. Impact to the each associations has been identified by the proposed activities (nature trail, new crossing of moat, boardwalk, vegetative removal in moat, dredging of moat, long term maintenance of moat and interior site drainage improvements). Consulting Engineers John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 2 1.1.1 BACKGROUND Fort Mifflin has been in existence since 1772 and was used by the Army until the 1950's. With the long standing development of Fort Mifflin and surrounding areas, the vegetation is indicative of disturbed areas. The nature area supports the High Battery and Mortar Battery built in 1871 on what was historically Hog Island. A first successional forested area occupies the majority of the uplands beyond the Fort proper. The wetiand vegetation is also indicative of disturbance, but of a more recent nature. The dominant species, common reed and rice cutgrass, occupy not only a large area at Fort Mifflin, but the historic Delaware Estuary in lower Philadelphia/upper Delaware Counties. There is open water, with limited vegetative species associated with Fort Mifflin's moat. The dominate species in this area are arrow arum and blatter wort. The Delaware River is a slightly vegetated estuary at Fort Mifflin. 1.1.2 . VEGETATIVE AREAS - refer to Vegetative Association Plan (Figure 1) 1.1.2.1 Black Cherry - AREA A The 4.5 acre portion of the property south of the moat and east of the wetlands is a forested upland area dominated by secondary growth black cherry with some sassafras and common sumac interspersed throughout. Black cherry is also found growing on top of the High Battery and Mortar Battery. Dense understories of wild rose are located throughout this area. 1.1.2.1.1. Projectimpacts The nature trail will extend through this region. Some selective clearing of trees, understory and herbaceous species may be required to construct and maintain the trail. 1.1.2.2 Common Reed - AREA B There are two large areas of common reed with some smaller areas in low lying portions of the property. This combined five (5) acre area is very thick and tends to dominate, restricting other species from establishing themselves. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 3 1.1.2.2.1 Project Impacts The nature trail boardwalk coming from the Sally Port will cover a 10' wide strip of Common Reed adjacent to the moat. It is desirable to replace Common Reed with more valuable wetland species. 1.1.2.3 Rice Cutgrass - AREA C A small pocket of rice cutgrass is situated in the northwest area of the tract in the wetland. 1.1.2.3.1 Project Impacts There are no project impacts to this vegetative community. 1.1.2.4 Sumac - AREA D Stands of common sumac were observed in the southern portion of the property with some areas having a thick understory of wild rose. 1.1.2.4.1 Project Impacts The nature trail will extend around this region. Some selective clearing of trees, understory and herbaceous species may be required to construct and maintain the trail. If desired, this community can be replaced with more desirable species (oaks, hickories). 1.1.2.5 Sassafras - AREA E These small areas are dominated by sassafras in upland areas at the southern end of Fort Mifflin, adjacent to the pipeline terminal. Isolated sassafras was also observed in the black cherry dominated area of the property. 1.1.2.5.1 Project Impacts There are no project impacts to this vegetative community. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 4 1.1.2.6 River Birch - AREA F A small stand of river birch with distinctive exfoliating bark was observed along a steep slope at the northwestern fenced-in portion of the property, adjacent to Island Avenue. 1.1.2.6.1 Project Impacts. There are no project impacts to this vegetative community. 1.1.2.7 Large Tooth Poplar - AREA G An area of large-tooth poplar is present at the southernmost tip of the property adjacent to the pipeline terminal. Some of the trees are very large, achieving a diameter of approximately 18". 1.1.2.7.1 Project Impacts There are no project impacts to this vegetative community. 1.1.2.8 Maintained Open Space - AREA H There are two actively maintained areas at the property. The maintained areas are: 1 the area within the bounds of the moat, which includes the fort itself and the buildings; and 2) the areas to the north and east of the moat. This area includes lawn which is cut on a regular basis and some ornamental shrubs, located in the "water battery" area on the eastern most portion of Fort Mifflin. 1.1.2.8.1 Project Impacts This areas to the north and east of the moat may be used for staging construction equipment, for dewatering of dredged and silt material, and for temporary stockpiling of dredged and silt material. These activities will result in temporary loss of grass. The bank stabilization activity will result in additional maintained open space. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 5 1.1.2.9 Open Water, tidal and nontidal - AREAS I & J This area is the Delaware River and the Fort Mifflin Moat. Vegetation identified in the moat is discussed in the wetland section of this report. 1.1.2.9.1 Project Impacts Nontidal - Vegetative removal by dredging or moat mowing. Long term maintenance requires vegetative control. Tidal - Riverward side pipe extension and silt removal for existing sluice gate may impact tidally influenced vegetation. Construction new sluice gate will introduce new tidal habitat. Construction of new tide gate will remove herbaceous "weedy" species. Construction access to reconstruct sluice gate or new tide gate will require some vegetative removal. 1.2 PRELIMINARY WETLAND EVALUATION A preliminary wetlands evaluation was made at Fort Mifflin during April and May 1995 to determine the presence or absence and approximate configuration of wetlands, which are regulated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers ("COE") under Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act and Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection ("PaDEP") under Title 25, Chapter 105, relating to Dam Safety and Waterway Management. Criteria used for determining the presence of freshwater wetlands was taken from the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual ("Corps Manual"). To satisfy this legal definition of wetlands, the following parameters should be met. 1 . 50% or greater of the vegetation must have a Regional Wetlands Indicator Status of Facultative (FAC), Facultative-Wet (FACW) or Obligate (OBL). If a dominance of the vegetation within an association is listed as Obligate, this area is to be classified as wetlands with no further synthesis of data required. 2. The area is inundated either permanently or periodically at mean water depths < 6.6', or the soil is saturated to the surface at some time during the growing season. Indicators of wetland hydrology are presented in Section III of the Corps Manual. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 6 3. Soils are present and have been classified as hydric, or they possess characteristics that are associated with reducing soil conditions. Indicators of Soils developed under reducing conditions are presented in Section III of the Corps Manual. It should be noted that there are other indicators also used to determine if the hydrophytic vegetation and hydrology criteria for freshwater wetlands has been satisfied. These criteria are presented in the above mentioned Corps Manual in decreasing order of reliability. If a site is considered disturbed (e.g., farmed, recent tree harvesting, removal of soil layer), wetlands may be present without one or more of the criteria having a positive indicator. References used to perform this evaluation include the following: � United States Geologic Survey 7.5' Topographic Quadrangles for Philadelphia PA-NJ and Woodbury NJ-PA � USDOI National Wetland Inventories for Philadelphia PA-NJ and Woodbury NJ- PA � Soil Survey of Philadelphia and Bucks Counties, Pennsylvania � National Technical Committee on Hydric Soils (NTCHS), List of Hydric Soils � Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1 Fort Mifflin was also evaluated using the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands ("the Federal Manual"). This is the methodology used by PaDEP in establishing wetlands. The extend and presence of wetlands line remains consistent under the Federal Manual. The presence of regulated waters of the United States/Commonwealth and their adjacent wetlands was confirmed during our inspection. The regulated areas are to the north and south of the Fort as well as situated in the moat. The approximate configuration of the limit of wetlands is shown on the Wetlands Plan (Figure 2). The following is a summary of these areas. 1) Moat - The moat surrounds the Fort structure. This is an open water habitat that has Palustrine Emergent (PEM) vegetation on the northeast and southeast sides. Dominant species identified in this area include arrow arum and blatter John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 7 wort. Considering the emergent vegetation as an invasion species, this area is classified as Palustrine-Open Water (POW) under the Cowardin Classification of Wetlands and DeeDwater Habitats of the United States, United States Fish and Wildlife Service ("Cowardin"). 2) Common Reed and Rice Cutgrass - The remainder of the wetlands is Palustrine Emergent, persistent (PEM-"Cowardin") ecosystem dominated by "weedy species". This aggregate five acre area is located on the western portion of the tract. 3) Delaware River - To the southeast of the land mass is the Delaware River. This tidally influenced area, while not a wetland, is regulated by both the PaDEP (under Chapter 105) and Corps of Engineers (under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act). This area is classified as Estuarine tidal (EV'Cowardin") and subtidal (E 2-" Coward in"). While no vegetation has been identified in the Delaware River, there is record one Pennsylvania Endangered species (Wrights spike rush-Eleocharis obtusa var.12easei) and two Pennsylvania Rare species (Waterhemp ragweed- Amaranthus cannabinus and Indian wild rice-Zizania aauatica) are identified in the tidal flat of the fort Mifflin region. we have not been able to confirm the location of these species. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 8 1.3 APPROVALS There are a number of federal, state, county and local approvals that may be required as a result for the proposed improvements to Fort Mifflin. These approvals are listed on the following pages. Depending on the design of any improvements, some or all of the approvals are necessary. When the United States Army Corps of Engineers and Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection review their Section 404/10 and Chapter 105 applications respectively, there are a number of environmental concerns they will be focusing on in order to render a decision for this project. There are two areas of significant concern at Fort Mifflin. 1) Impacts to shallow water habitat, which is the area from the mean low water line to minus ten (-10) feet below mean sea level. Shallow water habitat exists adjacent to the shoreline and seawall. 2) Impacts to wetlands and the moat/storm drainage system at Fort Mifflin. 1.3.1 Dredging To document that dredging will have a minimal impact on the moat, it should be demonstrated that the activity is limited to restore original elevations. The suspension of contaminated sediments and ultimate disposal of spoils attributed to the dredging operations is an issue that will have to be addressed. Contaminants such as heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons may be contained in the moat sediments, and eventually released into the river, thereby impacting water quality and aquatic organisms. Mitigative measures should be undertaken, such as using dredging techniques which result in minimal turbidity levels; seasonal construction so as to not disturb migration patterns; impact to threatened or endangered species; and the erection of silt curtains around the work area to contain turbidity levels and sediments from migrating from the construction area. Testing of the moat bottom sediments will be required to determine the degree of toxicity of these sediments. The results of this testing will determine where disposal of dredged spoils may occur. Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the United States Army Corps of Engineers will evaluate the impact of the project on threatened and endangered plant and wildlife species. There is a high likelihood that the red-bellied turtle is present in John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 9 the moat. There has been sightings by Fort Mifflin personnel. It must be demonstrated that the project will not have an impact on threatened or endangered species; nor will it generate impacts that may deter the species from occupying this habitat. It will be necessary to maintain habitat by the mitigative measures during dredging. It must be demonstrated that contaminated river bottom sediments will not be suspended into the water column at a concentration that will have a detrimental impact to threatened or endangered species. The project cannot have an adverse impact on cultural resources, including historic and pre-historic resources. At this point, we have contacted the Pennsylvania State Historic and Museum Commission to determine whether they have concerns about cultural resources in the area besides the Fort, and we anticipate documentation from their office stating their concerns. If other cultural resources are identified on the site besides the Fort, a determination has to be made whether these resources meet the criteria for a candidate site on the National Register of Historic Places. This can be determined under a Phase I and 11 Cultural Resource Study. 1.3.2 Nature Trail It is our understanding that the nature trail will use an upland footprint of disturbance with the exception of the rehabilitation of the existing, dilapidated bridge. There are no known threatened or endangered species within this region. The construction of -the bridge from the Sally Port across the moat and building the boardwalk in the Common Reed area will require authorization by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Corps of Engineers. The removal of vegetation in wetlands or uplands is not regulated by either the Corps of Engineers or Department of Environmental Protection. However, careful considerations should be given to preserve adequate habitat for the fauna at Fort Mifflin. A review of the property and discussions with knowledgeable people indicates that the birding population is of high quality and special in the Philadelphia region. The design of the Nature Trail should be made in accordance with ornithological protection. Handicapped usage of the nature trail would be facilitated by asphalt surfacing. However construction in asphalt requires the following equipment: modified paving machine for narrow paths John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 10 small paving roller dump trucks to haul asphalt and store base material E small bulldozer to prepare surface for pavement We see no land based route to get to the nature trail site. Thus, this equipment must be barged into the site which increases construction costs. 1.3.3 Sluice Gate Repair The repair to the sluice gates may require extending piping into the Delaware River. This activity requires authorization by PaDEP and Corps of Engineers and possibly by the United States Coast Guard. Impacts to the aquatic species of special concern identified in Section 2.1 of this report will require an absence or presence determination. 1.3.3.1 New Tide Gate Constructing a new tide gate in the south ditch will require authorization by PaDEP and Corps of Engineers and possibly by the United States Coast Guard. 1.3.4 Interior Stormwater Modification The interior stormwater modifications and other activities within the Fort structure should not require authorization by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection or Corps of Engineers. 1.3.5 New Construction and Parking Lots The construction of a new building and new parking lots in the upland areas near the existing administrative building may require PaDEP authorization under Chapter 106 for fill in a flood plain. There are no identifiable impacts by these actions on vegetative or animal resources. We recommend that when conceptual plans are formulated for this project, a preapplication meeting be held with federal and state regulatory agencies at either the Joint Permit Processing Meeting (United States Army Corps of Engineers), or the John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 11 Environmental Resource Council Meeting (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection) to discuss the feasibility of this project. The issues, discussed in this report, can be elaborated upon, and we can further define the level of studies that will be needed to satisfy their concerns. PERMIT: Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act PURPOSE: Regulates the placement of fill and dredge material into waters of the United States, including adjacent wetland areas. AGENCY: United States Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Branch Wanamaker Building 100 Penn Square East Philadelphia, PA c/o Richard Hassel (215) 656-6732 FEE: $100, no fee if applicant is government entity SCHEDULE: Approval is issued 60 days from being deemed complete for review. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Corps of Engineers Standard Application Form, Environmental Questionnaire, Engineering Plans including Site Plan, Dredge Plan and Dredge Spoils Disposal Plan, Photographs, Aquatic Resource Study, Dredge Spoils Analysis, Alternative Analysis. A coordination with the State Historical Preservation Officer, Philadelphia Historical Commission and the National Advisory for Historic Preservation is required. PERMIT: Section 10 of the U.S. Rivers and Harbors Act PURPOSE: Regulates the placement of structures into navigable waters of the United States. [For this project it includes the Delaware River area.) AGENCY: United States Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Branch Wanamaker Building 100 Penn Square East Philadelphia, PA c/o Richard Hassel (215) 656-6732 FEE: $100, no fee if applicant is government entity SCHEDULE: Approval is issued 60 days from being deemed complete for review. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Corps of Engineers Standard Application Form, Environmental Questionnaire, Engineering Plans including Site Plan, Dredge Plan and Dredge Spoils Disposal Plan, Photographs, Aquatic Resource Study, Dredge Spoils Analysis, Alternative Analysis. PERMIT: Private Aids to Navigation under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act PURPOSE: Regulates the placement of warning lights on outf all structures in navigable waters of the United States. [For this project it includes the Delaware River area.] AGENCY: United States Coast Guard Fifth Coast Guard District Planning and Waterways Management Section Aids to Navigation and Waterways Branch 431 Crawford Street Portsmith, VA 23705 c/o John R. Walters, Chief (804) 398-6229 FEE: None SCHEDULE,- Approval is issued after Department of Army provisional permit. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Department of Army provisional permit, U.S. Coast Guard Form CG-2554 (Private Aids to Navigation Application), Navigation warning lights location map, Engineering Plans including Site Plan, PERMIT: Chapter 105 of the Pennsylvania Dam Safety and Waterway Management Act PURPOSE: Regulates dams, water obstructions and encroachments located in, along, across or projecting into regulated waters of the Commonwealth. For this project it includes open water, wetlands and the Delaware River. AGENCY: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Water Management Program Lee Park, Suite 6010 555 North Lane Conshohocken,PA 19428 c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager (610) 832-6130 FEE: Stream Enclosure ............................ $350 ChannelChange ............................. 300 Commercial Dredging .......................... 300 Fills, Floodwalls ..... .......... 350 Bridges & Other Obstructions & Encroachments ........ 200 No fee if applicant is government entity SCHEDULE: Approval is issued 60 - 90 days from being deemed complete for review. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Chapter 105 Application Form, Project Description, Wetlands Evaluation, Environmental Assessment, Mitigation Plan, Alternative Analysis, Photographs, Engineer's Certification, Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Letter from the Municipality that the project conforms with their Flood Control and Stormwater Management Ordinances. PERMIT: Chapter 106 of the Pennsylvania Flood Plain Management Act PURPOSE: Regulates flood plain obstructions constructed, owned or maintained by the Commonwealth or a political subdivision of the Commonwealth. AGENCY: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Water Management Program Lee Park, Suite 6010 555 North Lane Conshohocken, PA 19428 c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager (610) 832-6130 FEE: No fee if applicant is government entity SCHEDULE: Approval is issued 60 - 90 days from being deemed complete for review. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Project Description, Wetlands Evaluation, Environmental Assessment, Mitigation Plan, Alternative Analysis, Photographs, Engineer's Certification, Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Letter from the Municipality that the project conforms with their Flood Control and Stormwater Management Ordinances. PERMIT: Chapter 401 Water Quality Certification PURPOSE: Regulates the quality of fill or dredge material placed in areas regulated under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. AGENCY: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Water Management Program Lee Park, Suite 6010 555 North Lane Conshohocken, PA 19428 c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager (610) 832-6130 FEE: No Fee SCHEDULE: Approval is issued 30 days from being published in the PA Bulletin. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Chapter 105 Application Form, Project Description, Wetlands Evaluation, Environmental Assessment, Mitigation Plan, Alternative Analysis, Photographs, Engineer's Certification, Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Letter from the Municipality that the project conforms with their Flood Control and Stormwater Management Ordinances. PERMIT: Water Connection Permit PURPOSE: Regulate connections to City water mains. For this project it would include any new buildings. AGENCY: Philadelphia Water Department Drainage Information Unit One Reading Center, 1100 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 Contact Greg McCollough (215) 592-6276 FEE: Dependent upon number and size of connections. SCHEDULE: One (1) week from time of submission. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Permit Form, six (6) sets of plans and profiles. Preliminary Review is suggested. Contractor must be applicant. PERMIT: Drainage Connection PURPOSE: Regulate connections to City drainage lines. Probably not applicable for Fort Mifflin, as storm water it not directed toward city storm sewers. AGENCY: Philadelphia Water Department Drainage Information Unit One Reading Center 1100 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 Contact Rich Williams (215) 592-6270 FEE: Dependent upon number and size of connections. SCHEDULE: One (1) week from time of submission. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Permit Form, six (6) sets of plans and profiles. Preliminary Review is suggested. Contractor must be applicant. PERMIT: Building, Plumbing, Electrical PURPOSE: Regulate building construction. AGENCY: Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections 1600 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 686-2392 FEE: Dependent upon building size and complexity. SCHEDULE: Dependent upon building size and complexity SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Permit Form, three (3) sets of plans Contractor must be the applicant. PERMIT: Site Plan Review PURPOSE: Regulate planning and zoning issues. AGENCY: Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections 1600 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 686-2392 City Planning Commission 1515 Market Street, 17 1h Floor Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 686-4607 FEE: Dependent upon information and extent of plan. SCHEDULE: Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections 3 to 4 weeks. 1. City Planning Commission - 4 weeks. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Permit Form, Completed Site Plans PERMIT: Delaware River Basin Commission Section 3.8 Approval PURPOSE: Responsible for the conservation and best utilization of water resources for the Delaware River Basin. All public and private projects proposed that will substantially affect water resources must obtain approval from the Commission. AGENCY: Delaware River Basin Commission 25 State Police Drive Box 7360 West Trenton, NJ 08625 c/o George Elias, Executive Director (609) 883-9500 FEE: 0. 1 % of construction cost, up to $ 1,000,000 0.025% of construction cost for the portion of the project over $1,000,000 with a cap of $50,000 SCHEDULE: Approval is issued 60 days after all State approvals. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: The application package submitted under the 105 submission will suffice. PERMIT: Submerged Lands Agreement (for Delaware River) PURPOSE: Regulate occupance of waters of the Commonwealth. AGENCY: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Water Management Program Lee Park, Suite 6010 555 North Lane Conshohocken, PA 19428 c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager (610) 832-6130 FEE: Dependent on submerged land area that is occupied. SCHEDULE: Agreement is prepared when the 105 application is approved. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Chapter 105 Application Form, Project Description, Wetlands Evaluation, Environmental Assessment, Mitigation Plan, Alternative Analysis, Photographs, Engineer's Certification, Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Letter from the Municipality that the project conforms with their Flood Control and Stormwater Management Ordinances. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 24 1.4 WILDLIFE AND AQUATIC INVENTORY A wildlife and aquatic inventory was performed using on-site inspection, review of previously published documents, interviews with Fort Mifflin personal and other local experts and consultation with resource agencies. 1.4.1 BIRDS Appendix A includes a listing of birds common to the habitat and geographic region of Fort Mifflin. There are a variety of birds that use the Fort Mifflin area. We have contacted several local ornithologists and discussed the Fort Mifflin tract in regard to species usage. Of the species that nest at Fort Mifflin, the most uncommon are the blue grosbeak, willow flycatcher, lesser black-backed gull, Eastern phoebe, and gray catbird. The first two of these above species nest in secondary growth scrub area (cherry). Common species known to nest at Fort Mifflin include cardinals, robins, catbird, swallow, king bird, yellow throated warbler, yellow warbler and Canadian geese. Non-nesting use of Fort Mifflin has been documented by both non-nesting species as well as migratory and wintering birds. Interesting species recorded at Fort Mifflin include peregrine falcon, osprey, giant egret. Occasionally bald eagles have used Fort Mifflin. Wintering ducks have also been noted. Further information on wintering species can be obtained from Keith Russell of Academy of Natural Science 1-215-299-3783. For the Pennsylvania Breeding Atlas, contact Dan Brauning, Pennsylvania Game Commission 1-717-547-6938. Two other individuals knowledgeable on bird species near and at Fort Mifflin are Ed Fingerhood, 1-215-637-2741 and John Miller, 1-610-461-4724. 1.4.1.1 Impacts We have identified the secondary growth forests and bush as being critical for maintaining nesting areas. The reuse of the nature trail should not impact this area. Selective removal of the cherry area, with replanting, should not impact this area. The dredging of the moat may remove some feeding habitat for wading birds. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 25 1.4.2 AMPHIBIANS/REPTILES With the presence of water and wetlands, there is a variety of amphibians/reptiles that use Fort Mifflin. There has been confirmed use of the moat by the red-bellied turtle (Pseudemys rubventris), a Pennsylvania threatened species. There is also a potential for the southern leopard frog (Rana utrieularia) to occupy this site. The moat area is the habitat used by these species. Other species that may use Fort Mifflin are presented in Appendix A. 1.4.2.1. Impacts The dredging or removal of vegetation in the moat requires coordination with the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) to establish a program that will not impact the red-bellied turtle. The removal of monotypic stands of common reed by wick application of Rodeo D should not have an impact on amphibians/reptiles. 1.4.3 MAMMALS There are no known threatened or endangered mammals at Fort Mifflin. Appendix A is a listing of mammals common to the habitat and geographic region of Fort Mifflin. 1.4.3.1 Impacts The dredging of the moat should not impact use of Fort Mifflin by mammals. Constructing the nature trail may temporary displace species. 1.4.4 FISH According to the Pennsylvania Fish & Wildlife Data Base, the common carp (Cyprinus carr)ta) is the only fish typical to the Fort Mifflin area, exclusive of the Delaware River. 1.4.4.1 Impacts There is no impact to fish by the proposed activities. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 26 1.4.5 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES Based on information contained in the Environmental Assessment for the expansion of the Philadelphia International Airport, the Great Egret, Short-Eared Owl, and the Red-Bellied Turtle are listed as threatened or endangered in this area. Great Egret (Casmerodius albus) has been found nesting in the area where the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers meet. This species is listed as being threatened. It's nest was previously located at the adjacent Corps of Engineers dredge site. This species has been confirmed as using the moat for feeding. Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) has been found nesting in grassy meadows and marsh habitat in the vicinity of the airport. This bird is listed as endangered. There has been no confirmation of the owl using Fort Mifflin N Red-Bellied Turtle (Pseudemys rubivertris) has been found in marshy areas near the airport. Staff at Fort Mifflin has also reported seeing this species in the moat. The following threatened or endangered plants were also referenced in the Environmental Assessment: E Chasmanthium laxum Yates, Slender Sea-Oats, is listed as.Endangered in Pennsylvania. It was collected from wet meadows along the Delaware in this area in 1932. a Eleocharis obtusa var. peasei Svenson, Wrights Spike Rush, is also listed as Endangered in Pennsylvania. It has been found growing in a marshy area near Fort Mifflin. 0 Amaranthus cannabinus Sauer, Waterhemp Ragweed, is listed as Rare in Pennsylvania. It is growing in marshy areas in the vicinity of Fort Mifflin. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 27 N Cyl2erus odoratus L., Rusty Flatsedge, has been collected from marshes and mudflats west of the Airport. It is believed to be declining in Pennsylvania but more information is needed to determine its exact status. The Pennsylvania Biological Survey has suggested a listing of Tentatively Undetermined for this plant. The Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory lists Wrights spike rush-Eleocharis obtusa var.12easei, Waterhemp ragweed-Amaranthus cannabinus and Indian wild rice-Zizania aguatica as being located in the tidal flat region at or near Fort Mifflin. These species are Pennsylvania rare or endangered. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (reptiles and amphibians) and Pennsylvania Game Commission (mammals) do not record any known threatened or endangered species. 1.4.5.1 Impacts The only threatened or endangered species with potential impact by the proposed activity is the red-bellied turtle. As discussed in Section 1.4.2.1, coordination with PFBC is required. 2.1 STRATEGY FOR CLEARING THE MOAT There are four major techniques for clearing vegetation from the moat: � Dredging � Mechanical Excavation � Mowing � Chemical Each of these alternatives has sub-alternates with varying environmental and cost implications. 2.1.1 DREDGING Dredging the moat will remove silted material and undesirable vegetation. If dredging is the selected alternative, a disposal site for vegetation and silts must be obtained, away from the Fort. The proximity of the disposal area to the dredge area is a major cost factor. Dredging can be accomplished by: John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 28 2.1.1.1 Hydraulic means Small, portable hydraulic dredges are available which can be assembled on the site and floated in as little as 15" of water (Figure 3). These dredges will pump the dredging spoils plus vegetation either into a truck or to a remote disposal area. The return water must be allowed to drain back into the moat. Dredging should be done during the construction season. 2.1.1.2 Clam Shell A clam shell dredge can be floated or land based operating on tracks (Figure 4). Dredging spoils can be dumped into a barge or placed on land for subsequent removal. 2.1.1.3 Drag Line Dredging The drag line operation is similar to clam shell, except that the drag line operates off of a series of cables and must dispose of dredge spoils for rehandling, similar to the clam shell operation (Figure 5). 2.1.2 MECHANICAL EXCAVATION Large backhoes can reach across the moat and excavate plants plus silted material. This material in turn will be disposed of on land. In this manner it is similar to clam shell and drag line dredging. This is limited to the construction season. Mechanical excavation can also be accomplished manually, assuming the water level can be drawn down to enable access for workers. The water level must also be maintained at this low level by pumping during mechanical removal. Pumping could cost approximately $ 2,000 per month. Manual removal is best done at the time of minimum ground water flow (later summer to early fall). 2.1.3 MOWING The same type of portable hydraulic dredges discussed in Section 2. 1. 1.1 can also be modified to a cutter head for mowing vegetation at the earth line. The mowed material can be discharged by pipe line into a truck, with water returning to the moat. An alternate technique is to utilize weed harvesters (Figure 6). These are essentially underwater lawn mowers which dump the cuttings in the vessel itself. The cuttings John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 29 are then off loaded to other means of ultimate disposal. The preferred period for mowing is during late spring and summer. More than one mowing per year may be required, depending on other actions taken to improve the moat. 2.1.4 CHEMICAL Various chemicals are also available for treatment of undesirable vegetation in bodies of water. These are used quite commonly in manmade lakes used for active recreational purposes. It appears that there are no long range impacts as active recreational use can resume almost immediately after treatment. This is a highly specialized field with chemical applicators requiring licensing. Typical treatment season is late spring and summer, while plants are growing. 2.1.5 DISCUSSION OF STRATEGIES Any of these aforementioned techniques can cause disruption to the grounds and flow of visitors. The most significant impacts will be from dredging, mechanical excavation, or mowing. Besides unsightly and noisy equipment, there is the question of spoil disposal areas to be dealt with. At best these will be temporary piles of silt and unpleasant looking materials situated on the grounds. Additionally, hydraulic dredging requires the return of water to the dredged body of water. Dredging techniques are the most complex as they will require an engineered plan, solicitation of proposals based on complex field conditions and monitoring the course of work to ensure that no excessive damage has taken place. There would be significant engineering costs involved with any dredging program. Chemical treatment is the least disruptive in the short term. Chemical treatment is also the easiest technique to employ. Essentially, an applicator must be contacted, price solicited, and the treatment performed. There may be some minimum period of time in which the environment is impacted. 2.1.6 COST IMPLEMENTATIONS A dredging operation would be the most expensive. In consultation with the owner of appropriate dredging equipment, costs must be allowed for mobilization of equipment on site. Additionally, it is anticipated that three to four weeks would be John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 30 required to complete the work. The order of magnitude cost for this operation is $60,000.00 to $100,000.00 assuming this work must be bid under a prevailing wage contract. At the opposite end of the cost spectrum is chemical treatment. Chemical treatment could be accomplished for five to ten thousand dollars. 2.2 LONG TERM MAINTENANCE OF THE MOAT A plan for long term maintenance of the moat requires consideration of how the water level, depth in the moat are regulated. If it is possible to periodically flush the moat, water quality is likely to be improved. This flushing should reduce somewhat the growth of undesirable vegetation. The removal of vegetation is crucial to the health of the moat because it appears that decaying vegetation is the cause of much of the decreasing water depth. This decaying vegetation also removes oxygen from the water, decreasing the moat's value. A deepening of water in the moat also slows down plant growth. We recommend 4 feet minimum depth. Maintenance techniques for ongoing control of vegetation are similar to those described above for initial removal: Dredging Mechanical removal a Mowing 0 Chemical If performed on a routine basis dredging, the annual mechanical excavation and mowing costs should decrease because of less vegetation. Chemical treatment should continue to cost the same amount on a yearly basis as for the initial treatment. 2.2.1 BANK STABILIZATION Long term maintenance must also include the permanent stability of the banks on both sides of the moat. The bank has been receding at the southeast corner of the Fort. Continued loss of the bank adjacent to the Fort will eventually result in structural damage to the Fort. The initial stabilization of the bank could be vegetative or structural means. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 31 The most promising structural method of controlling loss of embankment is by bulkhead installation. Ordinarily bulkhead installation requires large, heavy, noisy, and expensive equipment to drive steel sheet piling. However, in recent years plastic, aluminum, and wood bulkhead techniques have been developed. Bulkheading will cost in neighborhood of $ 100.00 per lineal foot. Vegetative control of the embankment can be accomplished by techniques of "bio- engineering". Most appropriate in this case is the use of Biologs or Fiber Rolls. These are composed of a woody fiber, impregnated with client selected plant material. As they are flexible they can be anchored to match the water's edge of an embankment. In time as the Biolog degrades, the vegetation will take over to hold the slope in place. Biolog installation will cost $20 to $25 per lineal foot (Figure 7). Either technique is appropriate to stabilize the moat. If the selection is made on the basis of aesthetics, the wooden bulk head presents a neater appearance. After the moat embankment is stabilized at the critical locations, annual embankment maintenance should be minimal. 2.3 SITE DRAINAGE ASPECTS The interior of the Fort can be unpleasant to walk in because of wet grounds. Additionally, water can intrude into the various structures because of poor drainage. Poor drainage of the Fort Mifflin site is due to a number of circumstances: Very high water table, with limited storage volume for runoff Flat land, with no slope to drain water Inherent design of Fort which forces runoff behind buildings, and must recharge into the interior grounds. Drainage at the facility can be improved in a number of ways: 2.3.1 LOWERING THE GROUNDWATER LEVEL The most practical way to lower the ground water level in the grounds of the Fort is to lower the water level in the moat. Lowering the water level in the moat is a major issue in this project. This will be discussed further in strategies related to the existing sluice gate. If the water level in the moat is lowered, the storage below ground for surface runoff John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 32 will be increased. This should result in some degree of reduced saturation of the ground. There is a practical limit to the distance the water level can be lowered. 0 Lower water level, and less depth in the moat, has a negative effect on water quality. N Lower water level, and lower ground water elevation, decreases soil pore pressures. This leads to less soil bearing capacity with potential foundation settlement. We suggest lowering the moat by 6 to 8 inches. 2.3.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE Modifications to surface drainage can be made by piping or by construction of surface troughs. 2.3.2.1 Piping The Fort interior grounds are about two feet above the moat water level. This differential is too small to provide room for construction of inlets, installation of piping and pipe discharges above the water level of the moat. Piping is not feasible. 2.3.2.2 Surface Troughs A series of surface troughs exist in the southwest corner of the Fort. These ultimately discharge into a culvert through the walls of the Fort into the west side of the moat. Surface observations indicate that there is room to lower these surface troughs and to extend the systems of troughs further out. This would have to be based on detailed topographical analysis of the Fort interior and a drainage design at a large scale. Implementing this alternative will require reconstruction of the existing troughs which total approximately 260 feet in length. Constructing new drainage troughs will cost on the order of magnitude of $30.00 to $40.00 per lineal foot. It is practical to extend the trough network to approximately 500 feet to improve drainage in the vicinity of the Officers Quarters and Soldiers Barracks. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 33 2.3.2.3 Sump Pumps Sump pump pits can be constructed in strategic locations adjacent to buildings. The pumps in the sump pits would then discharge through the exterior wall to drain towards the moat. For sump pits to be truly effective, under drains must be installed. However, installation of the under drains requires excavation which may endanger the structural integrity of the buildings. Sump pump installations are likely to cost an order of magnitude of $2,500 each piece, exclusive of under drainage. Underdrainage which could be 4" fabric coated plastic tubing, will cost an order magnitude of $15.00 per lineal foot, in place. 2.3.2.4 Regrading Regrading of the Fort interior by placement of fill can improve drainage somewhat. The fill provides additional storage for rainfall. The fill should be placed to surface slopes of at least 1 1/2% to convey surface runoff to the surface troughs or drains at the periphery of the Fort interior grounds. Regrading and placement at fill mu st hold the existing grades at the periphery of the interior adjacent to the buildings. Thus, fill is limited to the area between the Headquarters building, the Barracks and Storehouse. Earth elevations cannot be raised adjacent to the buildings or building dampness will increase. For regrading to be a useful improvement, it must be considered in the reconstruction of the surface troughs. The elevations in the middle of the interior should be raised approximately 15 inches. This requires approximately 700 to 900 cubic yards of fill. Bringing fill to the site and its placement would cost about $16 to $22 per cubic yard. Seeding the newly placed fill would cost an additional $1.00 to $1.40 per square yard. 2.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE OF WATER QUALITY, PLANT LIFE. CIRCULATION AND GENERAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE OF THE MOAT AREA We have identified three basic strategies for improving, water quality in the moat. These include: M Deepening the moat John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 34 N Removing vegetation 0 Providing a means of flushing the moat Deepening the moat and vegetation removal can be accomplished by various techniques described under 2.1 and 2.2. Flushing the moat will improve the water circulation in the moat, and thus water quality in the moat. The following are possible strategies for improving water circulation in the moat: Permanently lower water level in moat Periodic pump down of the moat M Reconstruct the sluice gate to flush the moat during periods of low tide E Clea n the small ditch sluice gates at the south side 2.5 THE SLUICE GATE The sluice gates were installed years ago. At low tide, water would leave the moat and drain into the river. Subsequently, fresh ground water would recharge the moat. The sluice gates prevented the river from re-entering the moat at high tide. However, the sluice gates have been inoperable for a number of years, thus preventing water transfer. Upgrading the sluice gates so that they would operate requires the following: Inspection by diver Remove silt on moat side of sluice gate Remove silt on river side of sluice gate Rehabilitate or replace the sluice gate valving Construct platforms for safe operation of the sluice gate valves. As an alternate to dredging the silt on the river side, piping could be installed from the ;sluice gate crib structure into the Delaware River to a point where the river bottom is sufficiently depth for the new piping to discharge. Without a hydrographic survey, we cannot determine how long the piping must be extended. A similar installation PAI in involved with upriver is costing approximately $53,000 for 150 feet of pipe. Rehabilitation of the sluice gate is not an easy project. Desilting the moat side of the sluice gate requires getting equipment into a difficult location. Desilting the river side of the sluice gate has the potential of environmental damage to threatened and John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 35 endangered species and disturbance and wildlife. We suggest a budget estimate of $90,000 to $120,000 dollars for this work. It should also be noted that ongoing maintenance is required if the sluice gate were rehabilitated, due to continued siltation on the river side and moat side. There would be temporary environmental impact because of the difficulty of getting equipment to this location. Equipment and material would most likely be brought in from the Delaware River, or by floating through the moat. As an alternate means for improving water quality by flushing action, we recommend constructing a new tide gate in the small ditch which previously drains the moat to the south. A new tide gate is essentially a check valve, as opposed to a sluice gate, which is a vertically rising gate valve. The tide gate opens when the upstream water level exceed the downstream water level, as is the case for a failing tide. During rising tide conditions, the tide gate closes to prevent river water from entering the moat. Installing a tide gate would involve deepening and widening the ditch . Additionally a structure would be constructed within the stream to support a tide gate (Figures 8 & 9). This structure, with tide gate, would replace the function of the existing, but inoperable, sluice gate. It is a preferred alternative because it will be easier to access for operation and maintenance. Additionally, it will be less subject to siltation. During low tide the tide gate would open and allow part of the moat to drain into the river. During rising tide, the tide gate closes. No river water re-enters the moat. However the moat would be replenished by ground water recharge. We estimate that construction of a new tide gate in the small ditch would cost in the range of $50,000.00 to $70,000.00. There would be temporary environmental impact because of the difficulty of getting equipment to this location. Equipment and material would most likely be brought in from the Delaware River, or by floating through the moat. John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal CLRR-92A7.004.01 August 9, 1995 Page 36 If you should have any questions on this report, please do not hesitate to contact this office. Very truly yours, PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC. Albert W. Ricciardi V. Richard Mariani, P.E. Manager, Environmental Sciences Director of Engineering DJM/tim CLRR-92A7.004.01 fteporQ.doc PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC. TO: Rick Ricciardi FROM: Daniel Martin DATE: August 1, 1995 RE: Ft. Mifflin CLRR-92A7.004.01 The following information documents our research into the mean high water and mean low water elevations at Ft. Mifflin, Philadelphia Co., PA. The vertical datum for the client provided Ft. Mifflin survey is based on a City of Philadelphia datum that is 6.019' lower than NGVD 1929. This difference converts a reading of 0.00' mean sea level for Fort Mifflin to a 6.019' for NGVD 1929. I have not been able to obtain mean low and mean high water levels at the Fort, therefore nearby gauged areas were used, with data interpolated when necessary. The information presented below is using both NGVD 1929 and Fort Mifflin vertical datum. Mean hiah water Mean high water for the mouth of the Schuylkill River (at the Delaware River) is +3.5' msl (-2.519' Fort Mifflin). Ft. Mifflin is approximately 1.4 miles down river. Since this is close, it is reasonable to use this figure for Ft. Mifflin. Mean low water Mean low water for Pier 9 (Delaware River at Race Street) is -2.36' msl (-8.379' Fort Mifflin). Ft. Mifflin is approximately 7 miles downriver. Mean low water for the Raccoon Creek, Bridgeport, New Jersey is 1.78' rnsl (-7.799' Fort Mifflin). Fort Mifflin is approximately 10.5 upriver. Interpolating the data for Pier 9 and Raccoon Creek, Mean low water for Ft. Mifflin is approximately -2.07' msI (-8.089' Fort Mifflin). With this information, the difference between mean high and mean low waters for Ft. Mifflin is about 5.6'. As previously discussed, I have not seen these fluctuation in the moat. Pennoni Associates Inc. Consulting Engineers Pennoni Associates Inc. 1600 Callowhill Street, Philadelphia, PA 19130, Tel: 215-561-0460, Fax: 215-496-0063 CLRR 92A7.004.01 October 17, 1995 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal C.L.R. Design, Inc. 115 North Third St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 Attn: Mara Baird RE: Fort Mifflin on the Delaware Impact of Lowering Ground Water Level Philadelphia, Pa. Dear Mr. Rodgers: The following has been prepared in response to the question, of impact to historic structures in the Fort, if the water level of the moat was lowered. It is presumed that the water level is lowered between six to twelve inches from existing conditions. It is our opinion that lowering the water in the moat this depth should have no effect on the buildings and Fort's foundation. We presume that the foundations were prudently constructed to a depth of several feet below grade. Thus if the moat was lowered, the water table beneath the Fort would still be above the bottom of the foundations and the load bearing conditions for the foundations would not change. If it were possible to dry out the foundations beneath the Fort, the pore pressures in the soil would be diminished. This diminishment would cause a settlement of the soil. Soil settlement is a slow process. Without consolidation testing the rate of settlement can not be predicted. However in this case here, there is no possibility of drying out the soil beneath the foundation. What is critical is any differential in lowering the water table. For instance, if the water table were lowered below part of the structure but not another, there would most likely be settlement in the section bearing on the dry soils. The significant aspect here is the differences in settlement. It is the differences in settlement that cause cracking and structural problems. If the water level in the moat was completely drawn down for cleaning or other purposes, the water table of the Fort interior would not be lowered instantaneously. However, there would be a somewhat uniform rate of soil drying under the entire Fort. Under this scenario, differential settlements is minimized. We also presume that the draw down of the moat is temporary and the water level returns as soon as practical. R Consulting Engineers C.L.R. Design, Inc. October 17, 1995 2 To summarize again, lowering the water table in the moat by six to twelve inches, as discussed in our August 9, 1995 report, should have no effect on the Fort structure. Very truly yours, PENN I ASSOCIATES INC. V. Richard Mariani, P.E. Registered Professional Engineer VRM:cap cc: Dan Martin TABLE I VEGETATION IDENTIFIED ONSITE REGIONAL NATIONAL WETLANDS WETLANDS INDICATOR INDICATOR COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS STATUS American Elm Ulmus arnericana FACW- FAC, FACW Arrow Arum Peltandra, virginica OBL OBL Arrowwood Viburnum dentaturn FAC FAC Aspen Populus tremola FACU FACU,FAC+ Aster Aster spp Bedstraw Galiurn spp. Black Cherry Prunus serotina. FACU FACU Black Willow Salix nigra FACW+ UPL, OBL Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis FACU- FACU-, FAC- Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare FACU UPL, FACU Buttercup Ranunculus spp. Catalpa Catalpa bignonioides FACW FACW Cattail Typha latifolia OBL OBL Chickory Cichoriurn intybus UPI, UPI, Choke Cherry Prunus virginiana FACU FACU-, FACU+ Clover Trifoliurn spp. Common Grape Vitis spp. Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca UPL Common Reed Phragmites australis FACW FACW,FACW+ Common Violet Viola papilionacea, FAC FACU,FAC Dog Bane Apocynum sibiricurn FAC FAC-, FAC+ Duckweed Big Spirodela polyrhiza OBL OBL Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis FACU- Garlic Mustard Allaria petiolata FACU- FACU-, FACW+ Goldenrod Solidago spp. Gray Birch Betula populifolia FAC FAC Greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia FAC FAC Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea FACU UPL, FACU+ Jack-In-The-.Pulpit Arisema triphyllum FACW- FAC, FACW Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica FAC- FACU,FAC+ Jewelweed Impatiens capensis FACW FACW, FACW+ Joe-Pye Weed Eupatoriadelphus maculatas FACW FACW-, OBL Milkweed Ascelepias variegata OBL OBL Morning Glory lpomoea purpurea UPI, UPI, Nine Hark Physocarpus opulifolius FACW- Onion Grass Allium spp. Path Rush Juncus tenuis; FAC- FAC-, FACW Pokeweed Phytolacca americana FACU+ FACU+, FAC Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria FACW+ FACW+,OBL Red Maple Acer rubrum FAC FAC River Birch Betula nigra FACW FACW,OBL Rose Rosa multiflora FACU UPL, FACU Rye Grass Secale cereale Sassafras Sassafras albidum FACU- FACU-, FACU Sensitive Fem Onoclea sensibilis FACW Silky Dogwood Comus amonum FACW FACW,FACW+ Soft Rush Juncus effusus FACW+ FACW+,OBL Sumac Rhus glabra UPI, UPI, Sycamore Plantanus occidentalis FACW- FAC, FACW Tall Boneset Ageritina altissimum FACU- UPL, FAC Tartanian Honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica FACU FACU Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera FACU FACU,FAC Violet Viola papilionacea FAC FACU,FAC Virginia Creeper Parthenocissis quinquefolia FACU FACU,FAC White Mulberry Morus alba UPI, UPI, Wild Carrot Daucus carota UPI, UPI, Wild Grape Vitis spp. ---- Wild Onion Allium spp. Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginia FACU UPL, FAC COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RE!opm PENNSYLVANIA Rachel Carson State Office Building _wED P.O. Box 8552 jUL 0 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552 June 28, 1995 PENNON ASSOC. iN'r!,,,. 717n87-3444 Bureau of Forestry Dave Fennimore Pennoni Associates, Inc. 515 Grove Street, Suite 2C Haddon Heights, NJ 0803 5 RE: PNDI Review of the Fort Nfifflin Area, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PAI File No. CLRR 92A7.004.01 Dear Mr. Fennimore: In response to your request of April 28, 1995, the referenced area, mapped on the Philadelphia quadrangle was reviewed for the presence of natural resources of special concern using the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) information system. Tidal mudflats in this area support three emergent aquatic plant species of special concern. Ele-ocharis obtusa var. peased, Wrights Spike-rush, is listed as Endangered, and, Antaranthus cannabinus, Waterhemp Ragweed, and Zizania aquatica, Indian Wild Rice, are listed as Rare in Pennsylvania. Any projects which cause disturbance of tidal mudflats will negatively impact critical habitat for these species. Efforts to conserve these plants and their habitat should be included in any project planning at Fort NEfflin. PNDI is a site specific information system which describes significant natural resources of Pennsylvania. PNDI includes data descriptive of plant and animal species of special concern, exemplary natural communities and unique geological features. This response represents the most up-to-date summary of the PNDI data files. However, an absence of recorded information does not necessarily imply actual conditions on-site. A field survey may reveal previously unreported populations. An Equal OpportunitylAffirmative Action Employer Recycled Paper Dave Fennimore -2- June 28, 1995 Be advised that legal authority for Pennsylvania!s biological resources resides with three administrative agencies. The enclosure titled PNDIManagement Agencies, outlines which species groups are managed by these agencies. Please phone this office if you have questions concerning this response or the PNDI system. Sincerely, ego, Edward T. Dix Botanist Enclosure Forest Advisory Services PENNSYLVANIA NATURAL DIVERSITY INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES The statutorv authority for Pennsylvania's animals and plants resides with three separate agencies. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources has the responsibility for management of the Commonwealth's native wild plants. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission is responsible for management of fish, reptiles, amphibians and aquatic organisms within the Commonwealth. The Pennsvivania Game Commission has the responsibility for managing the state's wild birds and mammals. For information on current species status, please consult the appropriate agency. Requests for information should be directed to: Plants and PNDI - P-eneral Plant Program Manager PA Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Forestry Forest Advisorv Services P.O. Box 8552 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552 (717) 787-3444 FISH, REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, AOUATIC ORGANISMS Endangered Species & Herpetology Coordinator Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission Bureau of Fisheries and Engineering 450 Robinson Lane Bellefonte, PA 16823 (814) 359-5113 BIRDS and MAMMALS Pennsylvania Game Commission Bureau of Wildlife Management 2001 Elmerton Avenue Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797 (717) 787-5529 For information on species listed under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 occurring in Pennsvlvania, contact: Endangered Species Biologist U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 315 South Allen Street, Suite 322 State College, PA 16801 (814) 2344090 RECEIVED COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Jffift 2 4 iggs PENNSYLVANIA FISH & BOAT COMMISSION Division of Fisheries Management PENN0N1 ASSOC, 0 450 Robinson Lane Bellefonte, PA 16823-9620 (814) 359-5110 May 22, 1995 PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC. Dave Fennimore 515 Grove Street Suite 2C Haddon Heights, NJ 08035 Dear Mr. Fennimore: RE: Environmental Assessment Fort Mifflin Philadelphia Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania I have examined the map accompanying your recent correspondence which shows the location for the proposed above referenced project. Presently, none of the fishes, amphibians, or reptiles we list as endangered or threatened are known to occur at or in the immediate vicinity of this study area. sincerely, Andrew L. Shiels Herpetology, Endangered Species & Triploid Grass Carp Coordinator sal ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAUS: COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ADMINISTRATION ............... 717-787-5670 AUTOMOTIVE AND Ll 77, PROCUREMENT DIVISION. .... 717-787-6594 LICENSE DIVISION .... ..717-787-2084 -787-7836 -N-S-Y VA 4 !I PERSONNEL DIVISION ... ..... 717 WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ..... .717-787 5529 INFORMATION & EDUCATION. . -.717-787-6286 ...... @ 317-787-5740 is LAW ENFORCEMENT.. . SID 0, Jq- LAND MANAGEMENT ....... ... 717-787-6818 REAL ESTATE DIVISION ........ 717-787-6568 2001 ELMERTON AVENUE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION HARRISBURG, PA 17110-9797 SYSTEMS ........ ...... ..717-787-4076 May 25,1995 R -ECEIVED W. Dave Fennimore Pennoni Associates, Inc. MAY 3 0 eg'5 5 15 Gr ove Street Suite 2C DENN"DNIASSOC. INr Haddon Heights NJ 08035 Dear W. Fennimore: In response to your request for information services, we are providing the enclosed printouts fi-om. the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base. This information was provided for species occurring at or near the Fort Mifflin Project, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. We have record of the Short-eamd Owl, IAast Rittem, and the King Raff (PA Threatened) occurring in the Woodbury Quadrangle. A field survey is necessary to determine whether these species occur within your project area. Additional comments concerning this data search are included on the following page. The bill for this service is as follows: Staff Time 12.00 Printing 2.30 Mailing Cost .98 TOTAL S15.28 Please make reimbursement to the Pennsylvania Game Commission, Division of Wildlife Data Base, 2001 Elmerton Avenue, Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797. Ifyou have any questions or require assistance interpreting this printout, please contact Ms. Bullock at (717) 787- 1570. Very truly yours, Denver A. McDowell, Chief Division of Environmental PI i g and Habitat Protection Bureau of Land Management An Equal Opportunity Employer Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST A: Endangered and Threatened Species Fort Mifflin Project 11 MAY 1995 Note: The purpose of the following list is to identify endangered or threatened species which occur or are likely to occur on a designated site. We have record of the following species occurring in or near your project area. Their occurrence may depend on season, habitat type, and individual movements or migration patterns. Field surveys may be required to determine whether these species exist on your project area. If an endangered/threatened bird or mammal survey is planned for a project site, please contact the Division of Wildlife Data Base, Pennsylvania Game Commission (717-787-1570). Quadrangles Included: Woodbu'ry Philadelphia Comon Name ............. Scientific Name ............. Status ................. Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum PA Fed Endangered Falcon, Peregrine Falco peregrinus PA Fed Endangered owl, Short-eared Asio flameus PA Endangered Rail, King Rallus elegans PA Endangered Turtle, Redbelly Chrysemys rubriventris PA Threatened Bittern, Least Ixobrychus exilis PA Threatened Egret, Great Casmerodius albus egretta PA Threatened Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST B: Potential Special Concern Species (Includes Accidental and Migrant Species) Fort Mifflin Project Philadelphia County 11 MAY 1995 Note: The purpose of the following list is to identify endangered, threatened, and special concern species which may potentially occur within a designated area. This list includes species which may exist on your project area as well as migrating and accidental species. This information is based on records of these animals inhabiting specific habitat types within Philadelphia County. Status ............................................ No. of Species Listed PA / Fed Endangered 3 PA Endangered 6 Fed Endangered 1 PA Threatened 8 Candidate Species 24 Total Species Listed: 42 Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST B: Potential Special Concern Species (Includes Accidental and Migrant Species) Fort Mifflin Project Philadelphia County 11 MAY 1995 Common Name ................. Scientific Name ............ Status ................. Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum PA Fed Endangered Eagle, Bald Haliaeetus leucocephalus PA Fed Endangered Falcon, Peregrine Falco peregrinus PA Fed Endangered Frog, New Jersey Chorus Pseudacris triseriata kalmi-PA Endangered Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergi PA Endangered Osprey Pandion haliaetus PA Endangered Owl, Short-eared Asio flammeus PA Endangered Rail, King Rallus elegans PA Endangered Tern, Black Chlidonias niger PA Endangered Tern, Least Sterna antillarum Fed Endangered Sturgeon, Atlantic Acipenser oxyrhynchus PA Threatened Turtle, Redbelly Chrysemys rubrivent@ris PA Threatened Bittern, American Botaurus lentiginosus PA Threatened Bittern, Least Ixobrychus exilis PA Threatened Egret, Great Casmerodius albus egretta PA Threatened Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied Empidonax flaviventris PA Threatened Heron, Yellow-crowned Night Nycticorax violaceus PA Threatened Sandpiper, Upland Bartramia longicauda PA Threatened Harrier, Northern Circus cyaneus Candidate - At Risk Owl, Common Barn Tyto alba Candidate - At Risk Snipe, Common Gallinago gallinago Candidate - At Risk Sparrow, Henslow's Ammodramus henslowii Candidate - At Risk Warbler, Prothonotary Protonotaria citrea Candidate - At Risk Coot, American Fulica americana Candidate - Rare Goshawk, Northern Accipiter gentilis Candidate - Rare Grebe, Pied-billed Podilymbus podiceps Candidate - Rare Grosbeak, Blue Guiraca caerulea Candidate - Rare Tanager, Summer Piranga rubra Candidate - Rare Teal, Green-winged Anas crecca Candidate - Rare Thrush, Swainson's Catharus ustulatus Candidate - Rare Wren, Marsh Cistothorus palustris Candidate - Rare Bat, Silver-haired Lasionycteris noctivagans Candidate - Rare I Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST B: Potential Special Concern Species (includes Accidental and Migrant Species) Fort Mifflin Project Philadelphia County 11 MAY 1995 r.'ommon Name ................. Scientific Name ............ Status ................. Bobwhite, Northern Colinus virginianus Candidate - Undeterm ,-'rossbill, Red Loxia curvirostra Candidate - Undeterm Dickcissel Spiza americana Candidate - Undeterm Duck, Ruddy Oxyura jamaicensis Candidate - Undeterm Egret, Cattle Bubulcus ibis ibis Candidate - Undeterm Gadwall Anas strepera Candidate - Undeterm Nighthawk, Common Chordeiles minor Candidate - Undeterm Owl, Long-eared Otus asio Candidate - Undeterm Owl, Northern Saw-whet Aegolius acadicus Candidate - Undeterm Wigeon, American Anas americana Candidate - Undeterm 2 Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base @pecies Land Use/Cover Type List LIST C: Potential Special Concern 4, Fort Mifflin Project Philadelphia County 11 MAY 1995 Land Use/Cover Type No. Species Urban Land 10 Agricultural Land - Cropland/Pasture 25 Agricultural Land - Orchards/Vineyards/Nurseries 7 Agricultural Land - Confined Feeding Operations 3 Rangeland - Herbaceous 18 Rangeland - Shrub/Brush 12 Rangeland - Mixed 12 Forest Land - Deciduous 22 Forest Land - Evergreen 19 Forest Land - Mixed 20 Water - Streams/Rivers/Canals 21 Water - Lakes 19 Water - Reservoirs 19 Water - Estuaries 18 Wetland - Forested 27 Wetland - Nonforested 24 Barren Land 8 Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST C: Potential Special Concern Species Land Use/Cover Type List Fort Mifflin Project Philadelphia County 11 MAY 1995 Species Feeding Behavior Land Use/Cover Type Common Name ................... *Stat. Herb Omni Carn.. Urban.. Agric Agric Agric.. Range Range Range.. Forest Forest Forest.. Water. Water Water. Water.. Wetlnd Wetlnd.. Barren. Crops Orchd Feed Herb Shrub Mix Decid Conif Mix Stream Lake Reserv Bay Forest Non-For (10's) (21) (22) (23) (31) (32) (33) (41) (42) (43) (51) (52) (53) (54) (61) (62) (70's) Sturgeon, Atlantic T X X X Sturgeon. Shortnose E X X Frog, New Jersey Chorus E X X X X X X X X X Turtle, Bog E X X X X X X X X Turtle, Redbelly T X X X X X Bittern, American T X X X X X X X Bittern, Least T X X X X X X X Bobwhite, Northern W X X X X X X X X X Coot, American V X X X X X X X X Crossbill, Red W X X X X X X Dickcissel W X X X X X X X Duck, Ruddy W X X X X X Eagle, Bald E X X X X X X X X X X Egret. Cattle W X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Egret, Great T X X X X X X X X X X Falcon, Peregrine E X X X X X X X X X X Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied T X X X X X Gadwall W X X X X X X X X X X Goshawk. Northern V X X X X X X X X Grebe, Pied-billed V X X X X X X Grosbeak, Blue V X X X X X Status Codes: E = Endangered; T Threatened. Candidate Classifications: U - At Risk; V - Rare: W - Undetermined Status; Y - Unspecified. Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST C: Potential Special Concern Species Land Use/Cover Type List Fort Mifflin Project Philadelphia County 11 MY 1995 Species Feeding Behavior Land Use/Cover Type Common Name ................... *Stat. Herb Omni Carn.. Urban.. Agric Agric Agric.. Range Range Range.. Forest Forest Forest.. Water. Water Water. Water.. Wetlnd Wetlnd.. Barren. Crops Orchd Feed Herb Shrub Mix Decid Conif Mix Stream Lake Reserv Bay Forest Mon-For (10's) (21) (22) (23) (31) (32) (33) (41) (42) (43) (51) (52) (53) (54) (61) (62) (70's) Harrier. Northern U X X X X X X X X Heron, Yellow-crowned Night T X X X X X X X X X X X Nighthawk, Common W X X X X Osprey E X X X X X X X X X X X Owl, Common Barn U X X X X X X X X X X Owl, Long-eared W X X X X X X X X X X X Owl, Northern Saw-whet W X X X X X X Owl, Short-eared E X X X X X X X X Rail, King E X X X X X X X Sandpiper, Upland T X X X X X X X Snipe, Common U X X X X X X X X X X X X Sparrow, Henslow's U X X X X Tanager, Summer V X X X X X Teal, Green-winged V X X X X X X X X X X X X X Tern, Black E X X X X X Tern, Least E X X X X X X Thrush, Swainson's V X X X X X X Warbler. Prothonotary U X X X Wigeon, American W X X X X X X X X X X X Wren, Marsh V X X X X X X Bat, Silver-haired V X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Status Codes: E = Endangered; T Threatened. Candidate Classifications: U At Risk; V - Rare; W - Undetermined Status: Y - Unspecified. 2 Pennoni Associates Inc. 515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174 April 28, 1995 CLRR-92A7.004.01 Gregory Grabowicz, Director Bureau of Land Management Pennsylvania Game Commission Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 2001 Elmerton Avenue Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797 Re: Fort Mifflin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Clear Mr. Grabowicz: Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter. Vie are requesting the Bureau review your files and provide us with a listing of state threatened or endangered wildlife species occurring in the vicinity of the proposed development. Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is preparing. If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this office. Very truly yours, PEN SOCIATES INC. Da Fennimore Environmental Scientist cc: John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc. UF/pm/92A7004.01 \arabowicz.hr Consulting Engineers Pennoni Associates- Inc. 515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174 April 28, 1995 CLRR 92A7.004.01 Kurt W. Carr, Chief Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission Bureau for Historic Preservation Division of Archaeology and Protection Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Box 1026 Harrisburg, PA 17108-1026 Re: Fort Mifflin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dear Mr. Carr: Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design, Inc., in the above referenced matter. While we are aware that Fort Mifflin is a National Historic Landmark, we are requesting the Division review your files and provide us with a listing of other National Register eligible or listed historic or archaeological properties that may be in the vicinity of the proposed development. Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is preparing. If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this office. Very truly yours, PE 0 IATES INC. Dav Fennimore Environmental Scientist IATES I ir@F@ennim@r2 cc: John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc. MffirnWA7004.01 lcwr.kr Wi Consulting Engineers .7 9 1- '314 Pennoni Associates Inc. 515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174 April 28, 1995 CLRR 92A7.004.01 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Forestry/FAS P.O. Box 8552 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552 Re: Fort Mifflin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dear Sir/Madam: Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter. Enclosed is a Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (P.N.D.I.) Search Request Form. Also, enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is preparing. If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this office. Very truly yours, PE SSOCIATES INC. Dave Fennimore Environmental Scientist [email protected] 7 SSOC" -1- cc: John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc. Consulting Engineers Pennoni Associates Inc. 515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174 April 28, 1995 CLRR-92A7.004.01 1 W Andrew Shiels, Coordinator Herpetology & Endangered Species Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 450 Robinson Lane Belefonte, PA 16823 Re: Fort Mifflin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dear Mr. Shiels: Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter. We are requesting the Bureau review your files and provide us with a listing of state threatened or endangered fish, reptiles, amphibians or aquatic organisms occurring in the vicinity of the proposed development. Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is preparing. If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this office. Very truly yours, P SOCIATES INC. D e Fennimore Environmental Scientist cc: John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc. SOCIA1 )Fae Fe7nnimore DRpmI92A7004.01 WWak.kr QlConsulting Engineers Pennoni Associates Inc. 515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174 May 24, 1995 CLRR-92A7.004.01 Denver McDowell, Coordinator Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 2001 Elmerton Avenue Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797 Re: Fort Mifflin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dear Mr. McDowell: Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter. We are requesting the Commission provide a printout from the Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base a listing of species that occurring at or near Historic Fort Mifflin, Philadelphia County, PA. The site is located on Island Avenue southeast of Philadelphia International Airport. Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is preparing. We have identified the following classifications per Anderson Land use/cover type which has been further refined by Cowardin wetland nomenclature. Anderson Other Urban or Built-up Land Code 17 Herbaceous Rangeland Code 31 Deciduous Forest Land Codes 412 and 413 Reservoirs Code 53 Bays and Estuaries Code 54 Nonforested Wetlands Code 62 Consulting Engineers Denver McDowell, Coordinator Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base CLRR-92A7.004.01 May 24, 1995 Page 2 Cowardin Wetland Palustrine Emergent, Persistent PEM1 Palustrine Emergent, Nonpersistent PEM2 Palustrine, open water POW Estuarine, Intertidal-Delaware River El Estuarine, Sub-tidal-Delaware River E2 If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this office. Very truly yours, PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC. Daniel J@Martin Environmental Scientist cc- John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc. DJM\tim\9 2A7004.01 \mcdowenltr 1 N -7 -0y Mu Is nd SEWAGE te 0 l4 V, MAD) MkJA PHILA T ERNATION Ile T M.- x '40 Flat if 71s V-6 00 FIGURE 1 SOURCE: LOCA11ON MAP U.S.G.S.TOPOGRAPHIC QUADS Pennoni Associates Inc. rum PHILADELPHIA, PA-NJ SCALE 1: 24.000 WOODBURY, NJ-PA CLRR-92A7.004.01 The Birds of North America Life Historiesfor the 21st Century June 16,1995 -Pemoni Associates Inc. 515 Grove Plaza Haddon Heights, NJ 08035 TO whom it may concern: On May 18,1995 1 received a phone call from an employee of Pennord Associates re'questing information @on the birds of Historic Fort Mifflin in Philadelptda for a project ur company is. working on, YO ? Unfortunately I lost the gentleman7s name who called, and it was not listed on a fax he sent me later that day. I hope that tNs communication will be routed to the right individual.; For the past 9 years I have organized a mid-winter bird census of Philadelphia rLounty. Each year this census has been held during mid January (dates vary somewhat from year to year) and an areas within the Philadelphia County limits are fair game. We have only recently gained access to (be Fort Mifflin area, so our data on this area is limited. When we have had access to the Fort we've counted birds seen on the Delaware, around the moat, and along the "nature trail" &om* of the Fort. Areas without trail access (wetlands) could not be censused. In addition, I have visited the Fort in mid-December several times over the last four years. Based on my own observations (n-dd-December 199Q-1994) and those made by others during our census (mid-January, 1990-1994), 1 prepared the attached list This is not an exhaustive list. There are obviously many other species that occur at the Fort du@ng the winter that we have not yet recorded on our brief visits. If you'd Ue information on the species observed at the Fort.., during other seasons you should contact Mr. Ed Fingerhood at 637-2741. Also, no *tempt has been made to indicate the relative abundance of each species on the attached list. Please letme know if have any questions, or if you need any additional information. Sincerely 72 Keith Russell Assistant Editor/BNA 215 2"-3783 (phone) 215 2"-1182 (fax) 3 06/16/95 FRI 16:00 [TX/RX NO 54101 Published by The American 0mithologists'Union and The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19M Beniamin Franklin Parkway * Philadelphia PA 19103-1195 Phone., 215/299-1042 * Fax- 215/299-1182 06/16/95 FRI 16:00 [TX/RX NO 54101 Birds Observed at Historic Fort Mifflin in Philadelphia on the Philadelphia Mid-Winter Bird Census, or by Keith Russell. Dates: Mid December-Mid January 1990-1994. Great Blue Heron Canada Goose American Black Duck Mallard Lesser Scaup Bufflehead Common Merganser Ruddy Duck Red-tailed Hawk American Kestrel Ring-billed Gull Herring Gull Lesser Black-backed Gull* Great Black-backed Gull Rock Dove Mourning Dove Downy Woodpecker Northern Flicker Eastern Phoebe* Blue Jay American Crow Fish Crow Carolina Chickadee Tufted Titmouse Carolina Wren American Robin Gray Catbird* Northern Mockingbird European Starling Northern Cardinal American Tree Sparrow Song Sparrow Swamp Sparrow White-throated Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco Red-winged Blackbird House Finch American Goldfinch House Sparrow *Rare or very uncommon during winter in Philadelphia. 06/16/95 FRI 16:00 (TX/RX NO 5410) APPENDIX A Pennsylvania Fish and wildlif e Data Base LIST A: project Area Species List - MASTER LIST Philadelphia International Airport 03 JAN 1991 Category.... Common Name ........................ Scientific Name ................ FISH CARP, COMMON CYPRINUS CARPIO 1MRIBIAWS BULLFROG PJUM CATESBEIANA AMPHIBIANS FROG GREEN RANA CTRISERIATA KALMI AMPHIBIANS FROG, NORTHERN CRICKET ACRIS CREPITANS AMPHIBIANS FROG, PICKEREL RANA PALUSTRIS AMPHIBIANS FROG, PLAINS LEOPARD RANA BLAIRI AMPHIBIANS FROG, UPLAND CHORUS PSEUDACRIS TRISERIATA FERIARUM AMPHIBIANS NEWT, EASTERN NOTOPHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS AMPHIBIANS NEWT, RED-SPOTTED NOTOPETHALMUS VIRIDESCENS VIRI. AMPHIBIANS PEEPER, NORTHERN SPRING HTLA CRUCIFER AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, FOUR-TOED HEMIDACTYLITJM SCUTATUM AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, JEFFERSON AMBYSTOMA JEFFERSONIANUM AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, LONGTAIL EURYCEA LONGICAUDA, AMPHIBIANS, SALAMANDER, MARBLED AMBYSTONA OPACUM AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, NORTHERN DUSKY DESMOGNATHUS FUSCUS FUSCUS AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, NORTHERN TWO-LINED EURYCEA BISLINEAT.A. AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, REDBACK PLETHODON CINEREUS AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, SLIMY PLETHODON GLUTINOSUS AMPHIBIANS SALAMANDER, SPOTTED AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM AMPHIBIANS SPADEFOOT, EASTERN SCAPHIOPUS HOLBROOKII AMPHIBIANS TOAD, AMERICAN BUFO AMERICANUS AMPHIBIANS TOAD, FOWLER'S BUFO WOODHOUSEI FOWLERI REPTILES COPPERHEAD, NORTHERN A0GKISTRODON CONTORTRIX REPTILES LIZARD, NORTHERN FENCE SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS REPTILES RACER COLUBER CONSTRICTOR REPTILES SKINK, FIVE-LINED EUMECES FASCIATUS REPTILES SNAKE, BROWN STORERIA DEKAYI REPTILES SNAKE, COMMON GARTER THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS REPTILES SNAKE, EASTERN HOGNOSE HETERODON PLATYRHINOS REPTILES SNAKE, EASTERN MILK LAMPROPELTIS TRIANGULUM REPTILES SNAKE, EASTERN RIBBON THAMNOPHIS SAURITUS REPTILES, SNAKE, NORTHERN RED-BELLIED STORERIA OCCIPITOMACULATA REPTILES SNAKE, NORTHERN WATER NERODIA SIPEDON SIPEDON REPTILES SNAKE, QUEEN REGINA SEPTEMVITTATA REPTILES SNAKE, RING-NECK DIADOPHIS PUNCTATUS ARNYI REPTILES SNAKE, WORM CARPHOPHIS AMOENUS REPTILES STINKP32OT STERNOTHE US ODORATUS REPTILES TURTLE, BOG CLEMMYS HUHLENBILRGI REPTILES TURTLE, COMMON SNAPPING CHELYDRA SERPENTINA REPTILES TURTLE, EASTERN BOX TERRAPENE CAROLINA REPTILES TURTLE, EASTERN UD KINOSTERNON SUBRUBRUM REPTILES TURTLE, PAINTED CHRYSEMYS PICTA 1- Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST Philadelphia International Airport 03 JAN 1991 Category Common Name ........................ Scientific Name ................ PTILES TURTLE,, SPOTTED CLEMKYS GUTTATA PTILES TURTLE, WOOD CLEMMYS INSCULPTA RDS AVOCET, AMERICAN RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA RDS BITTTERN, AMERICAN BOTARUS LENTIGINOSUS RDS BITTERN, LEAST IXOBRYCHUS EXILIS RDS BLACKBIRD, RED-WINGED AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS RDS BLACKBIRD, RUSTY EUPHAGUS CAROLINUS RDS BLACKBIRD, YELLOW-HEADED XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS RDS BLUEBIRD, EASTERN SIALIA SIALIS RDS BOBOLINK DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS IRDS BOBWHITE, NORTHERN COLINUS VIRGINIANUS IRDS BUNTING, INDIGO PASSERINA CYANEA IRDS BUNTING, SNOW PLECTROPHENAX NIVALIS IRDS CANVASBACK AYTHYA VALISINERIA IRDS CARDINAL, NORTHERN CARDINALIS CARDINALIS IRDS CATBIRD, GRAY DUMETELLA CAROLINESIS IRDS CHAT, YELLOW-BREASTED ICTERIA VIRENS BIRDS CHICKADEE, BLACK-CAPPED PARUS ATRICAPILLUS BIRDS CHICKADEE, CAROLINA PARUS CAROLINENSIS BIRDS COOT, AMERICAN PULICA AMERICANA BIRDS CORMORANT, DOUBLE-CRESTED PHALACROCORAX AURITUS BIRDS COWBIRD, BROWN-HEADED MOLOTHRUS ATER BIRDS CRANE, SANDHILL GRUS CANADENSIS TABIDA BIRDS CREEPER, BROWN CERTHIA AMERICANA BIRDS CROSSBILL, RED LOXIA CURVIROSTRA BIRDS CROSSBILL, WHITE-WINGED LOXIA LEUCOPTERA LEUCOPTERA BIRDS CROW, AMERICAN CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS BIRDS CROW, FISH CORVUS OSSIFRAGUS BIRDS CUCKOO, BLACK-BILLED COCCYZUS ERYTHROPTHALMUS BIRDS CUCKOO, YELLOW-BILLED COCCYZUS AMERICANUS BIRDS DICKCISSEL SPIZA AMERICANA BIRDS DOVE, MOURNING ZENAIDA MACROURA BIRDS DOVE, ROCK COLUMBA LIVIA BIRDS DOWITCHER, LONG-BILLED LIMNODROMUS SCOLOPACEUS BIRDS DOWITCHER, SHORT-BILLED LIMNODROMUS GRISEUS BIRDS DUCK, AMERICAN BLACK ANAS RUBRIPES BIRDS DUCK, RING-NECKED AYTHYA COLLARIS BIRDS DUCK, RUDDY OXYURA JAMAICENSIS BIRDS DUCK, WOOD AIX SPONSA BIRDS DUNLIN CALIDRIS ALPINA BIRDS EAGLE, BALD HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS BIRDS EAGLE, GOLDEN AQUILA CHRYSAETOS BIRDS EGRET, CATTLE BUBULCUS IBIS IBIS BIRDS EGRET, GREAT CASMERODIUS ALBUS EGRETTA BIRDS FALCON, PEREGRINE FALCO PEREGRINUS TUNDRIUS BIRDS FINCH, HOUSE CARPODACUS MEXICANUS BIRDS FINCH, PURPLE CARPODACUS PURPUREUS 2 Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST A: project Area Species List - MASTER LIST Philadelphia International Airport 03 JAN 1991 Category.... Common Name ............. Scientific Name ................ BIRDS FLICKER, NORTHERN COLAPTES AURATUS BIRDS FLYCATCHER, ACADIAN EMPIDONAX VIRESCENS BIRDS FLYCATCHER, GREAT CRESTED MYIARCHUS CRINITUS BIRDS FLYCATCHER, OLIVE-SIDED CONTOPUS BOREALIS BIRDS FLYCATCHER, WILLOW EMPIDONAX TRAILLII BIRDS FLYCATCHER, YELLOW-BELLIED EMPIRONAX FLAVIVENTRIS BIRDS GADWALL ANAS STREPERA BIRDS GALLINULE, PURPLE PORPHYRULA MARTINICA BIRDS GNATCATCHER, BLUE-GRAY POLIOPTILA CAERULEA BIRDS GODWIT, HUDSONIAN LIMOSA HAEMASTICA BIRDS GODWIT, MARBLED LIMOSA FEDOA BIRDS GOLDENEYE, COMMON BUCEPHALA CLANGULA BIRDS GOLDFINCH, AMERICAN CARDUELIS TRISTIS BIRDS GOOSE, CANADA BRANTA CANADENSIS BIRDS GOOSE, GREATER SNOW CHEN CAERULESCENS BIRDS GOOSE, LESSER SNOW CHEN CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS BIRDS GOSHAWK, NORTHERN ACCIPITER GENTILIS BIRDS GRACKLE, COMMON QUISCALUS QUISCULA BIRDS GREBE, PIED-BILLED PODILYMBUS PODICEPS BIRDS GROSBEAK, BLUE GUIRACA CAERULEA BIRDS GROSBEAK, EVENING COCCOTHRAUSTES VESPERTINUS BIRDS GROSBEAK, ROSE-BREASTED PHEUCTICOS LUDOVICIANUS BIRDS GROUSE, RUFFED BONASA UMBELLUS BIRDS GULL, BONAPARTE'S LARUS PHILADELPHIA BIRDS GULL, HERRING LARUS ARGENTATUS BIRDS HARRIER, NORTHERN CIRCUS CYANEUS BIRDS HAWK BROAD-WINGED BUTEO PLATYPTERUS BIRDS HAWK, COOPER'S ACCIPITER COOPERII BIRDS HAWK, RED-SHOULDERED BUTEO LINEATUS BIRDS HAWK, RED-TAILED BUTEO JAMAICENSIS BIRDS HAWK, ROUGH-LEGGED BUTEO LAGOPUS BIRDS HAWK, SHARP-SHINNED ACCIPITER STRIATUS BIRDS HERON, BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT NYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX BIRDS HERON, GREAT BLUE ARDEA HERODIAS BIRDS HERON, GREEN-BACKED BUTORIDES STRIATUS BIRDS HERON, YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT NYCTICORAX VIOLACEUS BIRDS HUMMINGBIRD, RUBY-THROATED ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS BIRDS IBIS, WHITE EUDOCIMUS ALBUS BIRDS JAY, BLUE CYANOCITTA CRISTATA BIRDS JUNCO, DARK-EYED JUNCO HYEMALIS BIRDS KESTREL, AMERICAN FALCO SPARVERIUS BIRDS KILLDEER CHARADRIUS VOCIFERUS BIRDS KINGBIRD, EASTERN TYRANNUS TYRANNUS BIRDS KINGFISHER, BELTED CERYLE ALCYON BIRDS KINGLET, GOLDEN-CROWNED REGULUS SATRAPA BIRDS KINGLET, RUBY-CROWNED REGULUS CALENDULA BIRDS LARK, HORNED EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA BIRDS LONGSPUR, LAPLAND CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS BIRDS LOON, COMMON GAVIA IMMER BIRDS LOON, RED-THROATED GAVIA STELLATA 3 Pennsylvania Fish and wildlife Data Base LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST Philadelphia International Airport ** 03 JAN 1991 Category.... Common Name........................ Scientific Name ................ BIRDS MALLARD ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS BIRDS MARTIN, PURPLE PROGNE SUBIS BIRDS MEADOWLARK, EASTERN STURNELLA MAGNA BIRDS MERGANSER, COMMON MERGUS MERGANSER BIRDS MERGANSER, HOODED LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS BIRDS MERLIN FALCO COLUMBARIUS BIRDS MOCKINGBIRD, NORTHERN MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS BIRDS MOORHEN, COMMON GALLINULA CHLOROPUS BIRDS NIGHTHAWK, COMMON CHORDEILES MINOR BIRDS NUTHATCH, WHITE-BREASTED SITTA CAROLINENSIS BIRDS OLDSQUAW CLANGULA HYEMALIS BIRDS ORIOLE, NORTHERN ICTERUS GALBULA BIRDS ORIOLE, ORCHARD ICTERUS SPURIUS BIRDS OSPREY PANDION HALIAETUS BIRDS OVENBIRD SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS BIRDS OWL, BARRED STRIX VARIA BIRDS OWL, COMMON EARN TYTO ALBA BIRDS OWL, EASTERN SCREECH OTUS ASIO BIRDS OWL, GREAT HORNED BUBO VIRGINIANUS BIRDS OWL, LONG-EARED OTUS ASIO BIRDS OWL, NORTHERN SAW-WHET AEGOLIUS ACADICUS BIRDS OWL, SHORT-EARED ASIO FLAMMEUS BIRDS OWL, SHOWY NYCTEA SCANDIACA BIRDS PEWEE, EASTERN WOOD CONTOPUS VIRENS BIRDS PHRALAROPE, RED-NECKED PHALAROPUS LOBATUS BIRDS PHALAROPE, WILSON'S PHALAROPUS TRICOLOR BIRDS PHEASANT, RING-NECKED PHASIANUS COLCHICUS BIRDS PHOEBE, EASTERN SAYORNIS PHOEBE BIRDS PINTAIL, NORTHERN ANAS ACUTA BIRDS PIPIT, WATER ANTHUS SPINOLETTA BIRDS PLOVER, BLACK-BELLIED PLUVIALIS SQUATAROLA BIRDS PLOVER, LESSER-GOLDEN PLUVIALIS DOMINICA BIRDS PLOVER, SEMIPALMATED CHARADRIUS SEMIPALMATUS BIRDS RAIL, BLACK LATERALLUS JAMAICENSIS BIRDS RAIL, KING RALLUS ELEGANS BIRDS RAIL, VIRGINIA RALLUS LIMICOLA BIRDS REDHEAD AYTHYA AMERICANA BIRDS REDPOLL, COMMON CARDUELIS FLAMMEA BIRDS REDSTART, AMERICAN SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA BIRDS ROBIN, AMERICAN TURDUS MIGRATORUS BIRDS SANDPIPER, BUFF-BREASTED TRYNGITES SUBRUFICOLLIS BIRDS SANDPIPER, PECTORAL CALIDRIS MELNOTOS BIRDS SANDPIPER, SEMIPALMATED CALIDRIS PUSILLA BIRDS SANDPIPER, SOLITARY TRINGA SOLITARIA BIRDS SANDPIPER, SPOTTED ACTITIS MACULARIA BIRDS SANDPIPER, UPLAND BATRAMIA LONGICAUDA BIRDS SAPSUCKER, YELLOW-BELLIED SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS BIRDS SCAUP, GREATER AYTHYA MARILA BIRDS SCAUP, LESSER AYTHYA AFFINIS BIRDS SCOTER, BLACK MELANITTA NIGRA 4 Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST Philadelphia International Airport ** 03 JAN 1991 category.... Common Name ........................ Scientific Name ................ BIRDS SHOVELER, NORTHERN ANAS CLYPEATA BIRDS SHRIKE, LOGGERHEAD LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS BIRDS SHRIKE, NORTHERN LANIUS EXCUBITOR BIRDS SNIPE, COMMON GALLINAGO GALLINAGO BIRDS SORA PORZANA CAROLINA BIRDS SPARR0W, AMERICAN TREE SPIZELLA ARBOREA BIRDS SPARROW, CHIPPING SPIZELLA PASSERINA BIRDS SPARROW, CLAY-COLORED SPIZELLA PALLIDA BIRDS SPARROW, FIELD SPIZELLA PUSILLA BIRDS SPARROW, FOX PASSERELLA ILIACA BIRDS SPARROW, GRASSHOPPER AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM BIRDS SPARROW, HENSLOWIS AMKODRAMUS HENSLOWII BIRDS SPARROW, HOUSE PASSER DOMESTICUS BIRDS SPARROW, LINCOLN'S MELOSPIZA LINCOLNII BIRDS SPARROW, SAVANNAH PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS BIRDS SPARROW, SHARP-TAILED AMMODRAMUS CAUDACUTUS BIRDS SPARROW, SONG MELOSPIZA MELODIA BIRDS SPARROW, SWAMP MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA BIRDS SPARROW, WHITE-THROATED ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS BIRDS STARLING,EUROPEAN STURNUS VULGARIS BIRDS SWALLOW, BANK RIPARTA RIPARIA BIRDS- SWALLOW, BARN HIRUNDO RUSTICA BIRDS SWALLOW, CLIFF HIRUNDO PYRRHONOTA BIRDS SWALLOW, NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS BIRDS SWALLOW, TREE TACHYCINETA BICOLOR BIRDS SWAN, TUNDRA CYGNUS COLUMBIANUS BIRDS TANAGER, SCARLET PIRANGA OLIVACEA BIRDS TANAGER, SUMMER PIRANGA RUBRA BIRDS TEAL, BLUE-WINGED ANAS DISCORS BIRDS TEAL, GREEN-WINGED ANAS CRECCA BIRDS TERN, BLACK CHLIDONIAS NIGER BIRDS TERN, CASPIAN STERNA CASPIA BIRDS TERN, COMMON STERNA HIRUNDO BIRDS TERN, FORSTER'S STERNA FORSTERI BIRDS THRASHER, BROWN TOXOSTOMA RUFUM BIRDS THRUSH, GRAY-CHEEKED CATHARUS MINIMUS BIRDS THRUSH, HERMIT CATHARUS GUTTATUS BIRDS THRUSH, SWAINSON'S CATHARUS USTULATUS BIRDS THRUSH, WOOD HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA BIRDS TITMOUSE, TUFTED PARUS BICOLOR BIRDS TOWHEE, RUFOUS-SIDED PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALUS BIRDS TURKEY, WILD MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO BIRDS TURNSTONE, RUDDY ARENARIA INTERPRES BIRDS VEERY CATHARUS FUSCESCENS BIRDS VIREO, PHILADELPHIA VIREO PHILADELPHICUS BIRDS VIREO, RED-EYED VIREO OLIVACEUS BIRDS VIREO, SOLITARY VIREO SOLITARIUS BIRDS VIREO, WARBLING VIREO GILVUS BIRDS VIREO, WHITE-EYED VIREO GRISEUS BIRDS VIREO, YELLOW-THROATED VIREO FLAVIFRONS -5- Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST Philadelphia International Airport 03 JAN 1991 Category.... Common Name ........................ Scientific Name ............... BIRDS VULTURE, BLACK CORAGYPS ATRATUS BIRDS VULTURE, TURKEY CATHARTES AURA BIRDS WARBLER, BAY-BREASTED DENDROICA CASTANEA BIRDS WARBLER, BLACK-ANDWHITE MNIOTILTA VARIA BIRDS WARBLER, BLACK-THROATED BLUE DENDROICA CAERULESCENS BIRDS WARBLER, BLACK-THROATED GREEN DENDROICA VIRENS BIRDS WARBLER, BLACKBUNIAN DENDROICA FUSCA BIRDS WARBLER, BLACKPOLL DENDROICA STRIATA BIRDS WARBLER, BLUE-WINGED VERMIVORA PINUS BIRDS WARBLER, CANADA WILSONIA CANADENSIS BIRDS WARBLER, CAPE MAY DENDROICA TIGRINA BIRDS WARBLER, CERULEAN DENDROICA CERULEA BIRDS WARBLER, CHESTNUT-SIDED DENDROICA PENNSYLVANICA Bins WARBLER, GOLDEN-WINGED VERMIVORA CHRYSOPTERA BIRDS WARBLER, HOODED WILSONIA CITRINA BIRDS WARBLER, KENTUCKY OPORORNIS FORMOSUS BIRDS WARBLER, MAGNOLIA DENDROICA MAGNOLIA BIRDS WARBLER, MOURNING OPORORNIS PHILADELPHIA BIRDS WARBLER, NASHVILLE VERMIVORA RUFICAPILLA BIRDS WARBLER, NORTHERN PARULA PARULA AMERICANA BIRDS WARBLER, PIKE DENDROICA PINUS BIRDS WARBLER, PRAIRIE DENDROICA DISCOLOR BIRDS WARBLER, PROTHONOTARY PROTONOTARIA CITREA BIRDS WARBLER, SWAINSON'S LIMNOTHLYPIS SWAINSONII BIRDS WARBLER, TENNESSEE VERMIVORA PEREGRINA BIRDS WARBLER, WILSON'S WILSONIA PUSILLA BIRDS WARBLER, WORM-EATING HELKMITHEROS VERMIVORUS BIRDS WARBLER, YELLOW DENDROICA PETECHIA BIRDS WARBLER, YELLOW-RUMPED DENDROICA CORONATA BIRDS WARBLER, YELLOW-THROATED DENDROICA DOMINICA BIRDS WATERTHRUSH, LOUISIANA SEIURUS MOTACILLA BIRDS WATERTHRUSH, NORTHERN SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS BIRDS WAXWING, CEDAR BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM BIRDS WIGEON, AMERICAN ANAS AMERICANA BIRDS WILLET, EASTERN CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS BIRDS WOODCOCK, AMERICAN SCOLOPAX MINOR BIRDS WOODPECKER, DOWNY PICOIDES PUBESCENS BIRDS WOODPECKER, HAIRY PICOIDES VILLOSUS BIRDS WOODPECKER, PILEATED DRYOCOPUS PILEATUS BIRDS WOODPECKER, RED-BELLIED MELANERPES CAROLINUS BIRDS WOODPECKER, RED-HEADED MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS BIRDS WREN, CAROLINA THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS BIRDS WREN, HOUSE TROGLODYTES AEDON BIRDS WREN, MARSH CISTOTHORUS PALUSTRIS BIRDS WREN, WINTER TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES BIRDS YELLOWLEGS, GREATER TRINGA MELANOLEDCA BIRDS YELLOWTHROAT, COMMON GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS BRACHIDAC 6 Pennsylvania Fish and wildlife Data Base LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST Philadelphia International Airport ** 03 JAN 1991 Category.... Common Name....................... Scientific Name .............. MAMMALS BAT, BIG BROWN EPTESICUS FUSCUS MAMMALS BAT, HOARY LASIURUS CINEREUS MAMMALS BAT, RED LASIURUS BOREALIS MAMMALS BAT, SILVER-HAIRED LASIONYCTERIS NOCTIVAGANS MAMMALS BEAR, BLACK URSUS AMERICANUS MAMMALS CHIPMUNK, EASTERN TAMIAS STRIATUS MAMMALS COTTONTAIL, EASTERN SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS MAMMALS DEER, WHITE-TAILED ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS MAMMALS FOX, GRAY UROCYON CINEREOARGENTEUS MAMMALS FOX, RED VULPES VULPES MAMMALS MINK MUSTELA VISOR MAMMALS MOLE, EASTERN SCALOPUS AQUATICUS MAMMALS MOLE, STAR-NOSED CONDYLURA CRISTATA MAMMALS MOUSE, HOUSE MUS MUSCULUS MAMMALS MOUSE, MEADOW JUMPING ZAPUS HUDSONIUS MAMMALS MOUSE, WHITE-FOOTED PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS MAMMALS MUSRAT ONDATRA ZIBETHICUS MAMMALS MYOTIS, KEEN'S MYOTIS KEENII MAMMALS MYOTIS, LITTLE BROWN MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS MAMMALS OPOSSUM, VIRGINIA DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA MAMMALS RACCOON PROCYON LOTOR MAMMALS RAT, NORWAY RATTUS NORVEGICUS MAMMALS SHREW, NORTHERN SHORT-TAILED BLARINA BREVICAUDA MAMMALS SKUNK, STRIPED MEPHITIS MEPHITIS MAMMALS SQUIRREL, GRAY SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS MAMMALS SQUIRREL, RED TAMIASCIURUS HUDSONICUS MAMMALS SQUIRREL, SOUTHERN FLYING GLAICOMYS VOLANS MAMMALS VOLE, MEADOW MICROTUS PENNSYLVANICUS MAMMALS VOLE, WOODLAND MICROTUS PINETORUM MAMMALS WEASEL, LONG-TAILED MUSTELA FRENATA MAMMALS WOODCHUCK MARMOTA MONAX MAMMALS WOODRAT, EASTERN NEOTOMA FLORIDANA 7 Scale I" =200' Ow bw Ow Ow WETLANDS. 48 0 Ow- 0 WETLANDS OPEN WATER LEGEND ft-WETLANDS LINE OW OPEN WATER NATURE TRAIL VE MANDS PLAN PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC. NGTORC FORT hd=Fijq 1600 CALLOWHILL STREET 40th WARD PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19130 CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SCALE: DRAWN BY: REVISIONS: \ANCENT R. MARIAM 1 200' kas PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER PA. LICENSE No. 15523-E DATE: APPROVED: 5/12/95 CLRR 92A7.004.01/C1701 -mmmm mmmmmmm mmmmm mm MEL VEGETATION ASSOCIATION MAP A BLACK CHERRY UPLAND B COMMON REED WETLAND C RICE CUTGRASS WETLAND D SUMAC / UPLAND E SASSAFRAS UPLAND F WHITE BIRCH UPLAND G LARGE TOOTH POPLAR / UPLAND H MAINTAINED OPEN SPACE / ROADWAY OPEN WATER TIDAL INFLUENCED Scale I" =200' OPEN WATER NON TIDAL H` to 0 /Ooo NATURE TRAIL .19' 19- VEGETATION ASSOCIATION. PLAN PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC. 9STORIC F:CW -A4FFLN 1600 CALLOWHILL STREET 40th WARD PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19130 CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA MNCENT R. MARIANI SCALE: DRAWN BY: REVISIONS: 1 200' kas PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER PA LICENSE No. 15523-E DATE: APPROVED: 5/12/95 FIGURE 3 H FRAME GANTRY A FRAME ENGINE HOUSE LEIVER ROOM MAIN PUMP HOIST CUTTER FLOATING LINE MOTOR --------- - -- -------- 000 4----- - - MULL ELL SPUD W SHAFT SUCTIO@ SPUD LADDER- SEDIMEN' CUTTER 7* (froin Lake and Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual) 2 A R CU"E MOTOR H&H SPLAT SYSTEM -@H&H MDS-80 DREDGE IMPORTANT DISTANCES IN THE SELECTION OF DREDGING SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT (Source: Ellicott Machine Corp., 1968) Discharge Distance Floating NP6 Line %4 ur V V w Water Level Terminal Elevationj 1L Bank Digging Depth Cutting Head ZBottorn of Cut or Auger Assembly /_1 rl, Specifications Weight Comolete with 152cm (60") ditching bucket "20kg (97421h) aPoeox. Ground pressure: 0.1 2kg.-sa cm i 1.6psi) -4t. Electrics: 1 Z., system. twin working lights. cao interior light. Windscreen wtoer anc washer -!V'7 Engine: Lister TL2 air cocilec diesel 30 bho Lifting capacity: 500kg 11 102th) Filtration: Pall return line Reach: 5.8m (228**) Unload height; bucket pivot -wint 4.95M (195' Accessone Digging depth: 3.24m (127.5") Cab height: 2.6m (102 from ground level Winch Buck radeability: 70% W ets X@ G Mate ais handling anc oigging g,ao \N Travel length: 3.8m 1149.5 Alternative Ob and 000ers Width: 2.A3m (95.5-1 Vandal proof snuttenng N'\\ Spare hyaraufic spoof for grao rotation Light duty dozer blade Heater. Sludge Pump Weeo cutting bucket Sliding Window. M.Se 3 pump hydraulic system Independent two soeec tracx &we 1. Steel bushes and Dins 2. Robustly nuilt /5- 3. Soacious. meatect. 'illir-C cao 4. Excellent ver-matior. aric ws;o1liry 011 S. Joystick controis'or ciccirc and 360* s;ew 6. Tilting camoy for easy acoess 7. Hycraufic PTO 8. Heavy aur-f ball s:ewinc a U U U U a a U lk 11111_@ Good leactnc ancle 4cr :-_ms@rc ditcries 10. Hw.'raulic track tensicninc 11. Osc:11ating oogie nneets 12. Cleats nave anglec v:rrs:o farflitate:,-r-09 13. Lonc and wtce!raCkS *0 ,tvs?,:oor.'!oiatjon 14. P.?ar iorocke!s Jrtven;nC4-oPnoanf1v')V -NO -w,@ckulir m,@:c,s ior .,utstanair-a manoevvratiiiitv ROD COVEO 0 ROD SHELL of I 0 COVER K'@ M 4t. 'j, .. .............. BBER . . . . . . Ri CKINT-M-.N.. 1. A %) Air, '10 OPEN POSMON tills, PoSl r Open and closed pogitiWiS of the watertight bucket (redrawn from Barnard, 1978). A DRAGLIN8 (Source: EPA, 19,78) 1 0 0 0 0 "D k I I I FIGURE 5 SENT BY: 1- 3-95 ;10:02AM ; BELLCORE 25340 DEPT-4 9089321187;# 8 AOUAMARNE W650 t4ARVESTER r , I ,16r, * ALL 71 107" -4 $Vesta ,,VEAALL CA"T. 3 V-49res PRIMA V NOWICIII SOURCE OPERATOR COkSOLE 2 C'VLI:DCR OCUTZ DIESEL CUTTIP40 @a RAMS F-VEWMAL SIC" 9M CUTTM ADDLE WKEL SROPULSIO I SICKLE IAN CUTTE* Al 1@ Fivre 12-1 The Aquamarine Comoration's (Waukesba, Wisconsin) B650 harvester. Plants are cut with a cutter bar that is 1.6 m (5 feet) Ions. conveyed Into a hold that can contLin up to 19 cubic metcn (6SO ft, of plants and offloadtd, at the shore with another conveyor (Courtesy of the Aquamarine Corporation). F.- d 0 o 60MM"94 CV114094 1111AUIMIA OPERATOR CONSOLE INDUSTRIAL 90194MC.) "TOPAULA OW&I wInCM Ap -OW4%, k ftwLE WKEEL PIMPULTON Wdd= ROTOVATOR ftog FiF= 12-7 The Rotonjor. for mat tauv- F "ORE - 6-- -1 G BonTerra- America NNW t BioLogs. )WNW, MA M- 41K -7- Landscaping Channel Shoulders Shoreliner Hiking T@rail Development Channel Edge Liner Stream Bank Reclamation BonTerrae BioLogs Golf Course Wetlands Construction Revitalize Polluted Water Put Nature to Work for You ... Wildlife Habitats Nature's Wa 'berBioLogs for 100% coconut fi channel, stream, and shoreline @A erosion control and botanic 4 .4 Z 7 n aturalization. - 7. Z Ph0wc..rte,yofHX1DC ij The need for long term stabilization of shorelines, stream banks, and wetlands is an on-going challenge for today's environmentally sensitive planners. To achieve natural riparian regeneration or reclamation, standing and running 7 4:1 water has to offer a habitable zone for aquatic lants. P Very still, brackish or polluted water can be cleaned by a healthy, stand of vegetation. BonTerra BioLogs provide a suitable planting medium that will endure for several years, while simultaneously preventing erosion and enhancing natural regeneration. FIGURE 7 Soft Organic Wall Whatever your challenge: the reconst ruction or Still Water preservation of a pristine meandering stream, or the Marsh land, swamp, and standing wetlands often creation of hydrophilic plant life at the toe of a stagnate due to rapidly decomposing organic matter rip-rap or concrete structure, BonTerra BioLogs and inadequate movement of natural gasses. In these offer a long term solution to the establishment and environments BonTerra BioLogs act as a stable maintenance of a healthy aquatic plant environment. growing medium for rhizomes and bulbi plant life. Dead Shorelines BioLogs provide an aerated and hydrated micro-environment for a healthy growing zone. As Concrete walls and rip-rap shorelines are enhanced healthy plants are established in the interior of by the addition of BonTerra BioLogs. Installed as BioLogs, rhizome, stolen, and other root a shoreliner, submersed, or as floating logs, BioLogs developments enter the eco-system and naturally anchor living plants to enhance the natural filter impurities and contaminants, returning a environment, and create an aesthetically acceptable healthy balance to an otherwise stagnant appearance for an otherwise sterile environment. environment. Intermittent and Constant Flow Channels Streams and drainage structures can be reconstructed or enhanced to a natural meandering condition with BonTerra BioLogs. BioLogs provide erosion protection at the critical uncture of ZZ" water and shore. Reeds, cattails, willows, and other water loving plants are easily anchored in BioLog's flexible matrix of organic fibers, to resist uprooting by the shear effect of running water. Phml c,y of HMDC Shoreline Armor BonTerrao BioLogs AW. Effectively manage changes in stream flow velocity lip Provides channel stabalization and beaut i ification.* Stack for moderate to steep streambanks. Combine with rip-rap to stop wave action erosion. Organic Rip-Rap Blends naturally into aquatic environn Secured by biodegradable Coir fiber netting for easy installation and durability. Technical Specifications Flexible matrix of Coir fiber Encased in Coir fiber net of 2-inch squares Distributed by P.O. Box 169 12-inch diameter 0 20-foot length e 8-foot length MOON NJ. 08818 90WI-1010 * WO-762.1010 VAX 908-661-1780 _11k_1 Installation BonTerra BioLogs are either anchored with 2" x 2" x 36" wooden stakes, tied together, or both, depending on the application, and are available in eight-foot-and 20-foot lengths. Eight-foot BioLogs are manufactured with a center rope having loops on both ends. These can be strung together to form a shoreline chain, stacked parallel to form a log wall, 111wro. 1111 o n Te r r a weighted and sunk to provide aquatic plant habitat, America or tied to floats and u.-ed as water surface planters. RO. Box 9485 Twenty-foot BioLogs are most commonly used for Moscow, Idaho 83843 shore and stream bank stabilization. Detailed (208) 882-9489 e FAX (208) 882-2512 installation guide available. 1-800-882-9489 ...... ... .. FIGURE 8 B _40-1 SLOPE,, SLOPE FOUNDATION CONCRETE STRUCTURE X1 11 f-A CONCRETE 30"DUCTILE STRUCTURE SLOPE4 SLOPE. TO BE EMBEDDED IRON PIPE INTO SIDE SLOPE wn PLAN MEW ISOMETRIC m 30" DUCTILE CONCRETE OVERFLOW WEIR IRON PIPE (o STRUCTURE EXISTING SILT AREA OVERFLOW WEIR TIDE GATE BOTTOM OF -CHAIN LINK FENCE BOTTOM OF CHANNEL (DRAINAGE SCREEN CHANNEL 30" DUCTILE FOUNDATION FOUNDATION IRON PIPE SECTION A-A SECTION B-8 )@F MOAT OVERFLOW DRAINAGE SYSTEM. NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY 3 6668 14111988 5