[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]







                                                          A S T        E R          P L A N









                                                                                1-3
                                                              . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                     v
                                                                                            ...........

















                                                  FORT MIFFLIN
                                                            On The ]Delaware




                                                             2,  0 c t o b c r      1995








                                                       pre
                                                          paredfor: Fort Mifflin on the Delaware
                                                              prepared by: CLRdesign inc.






                   Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program

                    FORT MIFFLIN OM THE DELAWARE MASTER PLAN

                                 JUNE, 1995





                     DER Grant/Contract No. CZ1: 9402PD
                        Grant Task NO. 94 Qqpd-
                           ME No.   94168


     A REPORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
      TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION PURSUANT TO
                       NOAA AWARD NO.


















          PENNSYLVANIA


                                                  ZonE



    Project was financed in part through a federal Coastal Zone Management Grant
    from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, with funds
    provided by the NOAA. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and
    do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies.










                                    -30-



                                                                                   F3                7-





                                                        M A S T E R P L A N


                                                                       Preparedfor:
                                                       Fort Mifflin on the Delaware
                                                                    Fort Mifflin Road
                                                                 Philadelphia, PA 19153


                                                                       Project Team:
                                                                     CLRdesign ine.
                                                     Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Exhibit Design
                                                                   115 North Third Street
                                                                  Philadelphia, PA 19106

                                                                       History Now
                                                               Historical Interpretive Planning
                                                                  306 Washington Avenue
                                                                   Haddonfield, NJ 08033


                                                                Pennoni Associates Inc.
                                                                 Environrnental Engineering
                                                                       515 Grove Street
                                                                 Haddon Heights, NJ 09035




                                                   FF 0 R T-MIFFLIN
                                                               On The Delaware




                                                                2   0 c t o b e r    1 9 9 5







                                                           Preparedfor: Fort Mifflin on the Delaware
                                                                 prepared by: Cl-Rdesign inc.










                                                M A S T E R P L A N




                                                      Acknowledgments

                     This research and planning effort has been made possible through the involvement of a number of
                        dedicated individuals. It is with gratitude that we acknowledge the assistance, review and
                                                       thoughtful input of the
                                          Fort Mifflin Master Plan Advisory Committee:

                                                           Malik Alkabir
                                                            Jim Chalker
                                                            Diane Davis
                                                            Lori Dillard
                                                            Wayne Irby
                                                          Doretta McMunn
                                                          William Polachek
                                                          Katie Rothermel
                                                           Thomas Rozek
                                                             Larry Tise







                                                                      T      able of Contents

                                                                      I Executive Summary                                        1

                                                                      2 Existing Conditions at Fort Mifflin                      2
                                                                              2.1 Chronology of die Existing Fort                2
                                                                              2.2 The Existing Site                              4
                                                                              2.3 Use of Historic Facilities                     7


                                                                      3 Master Plan Concept                                      10
                                                                              3.1  Visitor Arrival                               10
                                                                              3.2  Visitor Parking                               10
                                                                              3.3  Visitor Services Building                     10
                                                                              3.4  Water&ont Access                              10
                                                                              3.5  Fort Interpretive Loop                        11
                                                                              3.6  Nature Trail System                           I I

                                                                      4 Master Plan Components                                   13
                                                                              4.1 Vehicular Circulation                          13
                                                                              4.2 Pedestrian Circulation                         15
                                                                              4.3 Facilities Improvements                        18
                                                                              4.4 Landscape and Environmental                    20
                                                                                   Improvements

                                                                      5 Wayfinding and Interpretive Programming                  23
                                                                              5.1 Wayfinding                                     23
                                                                              5.2 Interpretive Programming                       24

                                                                      6 Master Plan Development Projects                         37
                                                                              6.1 Immediate Action Projects                      37
                                                                              6.2 Short-term Action Projects                     38
                                                                              6.3 Long-term Action Projects                      39

                                                                      7 Appendix                                                 41
                                                                              7.1 Programming & Activities                       42
                                                                              7.2 Operations & Physical Plant                    52
                                                                              7.3 Education Plan Fiscal Years 1995-2000          56
                                                                              7.4 Environmental & Engineering Evaluation         57







                        D      iagrams & Illustrations

                        Site Location Plan                                      3


                        Existing Site Conditions                                6

                        Historic Structures Plan                                9


                        Master Plan Concept                                     12

                        Vehicular Circulation Plan                              14


                        Pedestrian Circulation Plan                             17


                        Facilities Improvement Plan                             19

                        Landscape & Environmental Improvements Plan             22

                        Preliminary Signs & Graphics Location Concept           35

                        Offsite Signs Location Concept                          36

                        Illustrative Master Plan                                40









                       Executive Summary                                              vision for the Fort property which can be approached
                  I                                                                   as a series of discrete projects to be prioritized and
                  Originally sited strategically on the Delaware River                implemented over time. To this end, consideration is
                  south of the City of Philadelphia, Fort Mifflin now is              given not only to the historic aspects of Fort Mifflin,
                  set within a dramatically altered social and physical               but to its valuable waterfront, and the undeveloped
                  context. Credited by historians with a critical                     southern half of the approximately fifty acre site.
                  defensive role during the American War of
                  Independence, the Fort has endured urban change,                    The Plan makes recommendations for building,
                  industrial growth, and developments in military                     landscape, site, and environmental improvements at
                  warfare which, over the years, have threatened to                   three levels: addressing existing problems related to
                  relegate it to the status of relic rather than resource.            the physical site; remedying aesthetic issues; and
                  In 1962 Fort Mifflin was deeded to the City of                      enhancing educational and recreational opportunities
                  Philadelphia, though plans for the restoration of the               at the Fort through development of interpreted
                  Fort as a historic site were not fully implemented at               landscape and historic areas.
                  that time.                                                          The final section of the Master Plan describes its
                  In 1992, a non-profit organization, Fort Mifflin on                 recommendations as discrete projects, and prioritizes
                  the Delaware, assumed administration of the site in a               them according to immediate requirements, short-
                  year-to-year lease from the City of Philadelphia.                   term needs, and long-term recommendations.
                  Since that time, notable gains have been made at the
                  Fort. Improved maintenance and physical repairs, as                 Immediate Action Projects include.
                  well as establishment of a regular schedule of                               Moat Improvements
                  educational, interpretive and special event programs                         Wayfinding Sign Installation
                  figure among the indications of a turning of the tide                        Gatehouse and Entry Improvements
                                                                                               Visitor Parking
                  of fortune at Fort Mifflin.                                                  Historic Fort Perimeter Parade Ground Paving
                                                                                               North Sallyport Access Improvements
                  In the spring of 1994, CLRdesign inc. (CLR) was
                  contracted to prepare a physical Master Plan for Fort               Short-term Action Projects include:
                  Mifflin on the Delaware. The Master Plan presents                            Improvements to Fort Mifflin Road Access
                  a broad summary of operations and facilities at the                          Dock Reconstruction
                  Fort, assessing current status and establishing goals                        Battery Boardwalk
                  for the future. Elements of the Master Plan have been                        Historic Fort Parapet Viewing
                  pre-pared by Fort staff and address Fort programming                         Wood Foot Bridges
                  and activities, as well as Fort operations and physical                      Moat Boardwalk
                                                                                               Nature Trail Access Path
                  plant. Architectural survey, historical restoration and                      Primary Nature Trail
                  building condition analysis are not included in the                          Interpretive Signage
                  scope of this master planning effort. Conclusions                            Self-Guiding Brochures
                  and recommendations from previous historic surveys
                  prepared by others have been included in this report.               Long6term Action Projects include.
                                                                                               Visitor Services Building
                  Tle physical Master Plan prepared by CLR in close                            Visitor Services Plaza
                  cooperation with Fort staff evaluates existing site                          Storehouse Restroom Improvements
                  conditions and makes proposals for facilities                                Fort Satellite Sales Shop
                  improvements to accommodate increased visitation,                            Secondary Nature Trails
                  provides an in-depth examination of land use issues,                         Interpretive Video Program
                                                                                               Interpretive Audio Program
                  and suggests methods to improve interpretation of                            Memorial to Defenders of the Fort
                  Fort Mifflin as a unique historic and environmental
                  resource. The Master Plan establishes a long-range









                            Existing Conditions at Fort Mifflin                         Archaeological materials are constantly found on the
                      2                                                                 site, either during supervised digging or as they
                                                                                        surface due to changing ground conditions. The
                      2.1 Chronology of the Existing Fort                               original base of both a Revolutionary War structure
                      Fort Mifflin was originally constructed in 1771 on                (located in the northeast comer of the front parade
                      what was called Mud Island, located in the Delaware               ground) and the Guard Shack Oust east of the
                      River approximately 500 feet from the Pennsylvania                Storehouse) are still visible on the grounds.
                      shore. Captain John Montressor, working for the
                      King of England, Laid out three plans for the                     Ile entire area of open space from Hog Island (south
                      fortification. The one chosen was a modified star,                of Mud Island) to the Schuylkill River is Fort
                      formed out of stone, with bastions facing the east.               Mifflin. However, when the army left the historic
                      The rest of the Fort was constructed of racuies and               Fort in 1954, the amount of acreage ceded to the City
                      stockade fence.                                                   was approximately 46 acres, including the Fort, the
                                                                                        moat and front parade areas, demilune and High
                      Destroyed by the British during a seven week siege in             Water Battery. In actuality, the acreage of historic
                      1777, the Fort was reconstructed in 1779; the first               Fort Mifflin runs over Island Avenue and into the
                      buildings being the Bombproofs and the Citadel (now               Airport property. The Army Corps provides an
                      the Commandant's House). Eventually, the Soldiers'                access casement for use of the dock on the Delaware
                      and Officers' Quarters, Artillery Shed, Powder                    River (which remains Army Corps property) and for
                      Magazine and Blacksmith Shop were built inside the                the Hospital Building and surrounding ground,
                      Fort. The Hospital Building was built outside the                 located northeast of the Fort. This area represents an
                      Fort to the northeast. Lastly, the Torpedo Casemate               additional 3.8 acres beyond the original historic
                      was constructed in 1867. South of the Fort, the High              property. The Fort is bordered on the east by the
                      Water Battery was begun during the Civil War, but                 Delaware River, on the north by the Army Corps and
                      never completed.                                                  Police Impoundment Lot, on the west by the
                                                                                        Philadelphia International Airport, and on the south
                      The Blakely House (Cannonball House) was                          by the Fort Mifflin Terminal. All aforementioned
                      originally located about one mile northwest of the                organizations are often considered "Fort Mifflin" and
                      Fort and was moved by the Water Department in the                 are referred to in various documents as the Fort
                      1970's, when they were mandated by the EPA to                     Mifflin Army Corps Project, Fort Mifflin Auto
                      expand their facilities. It is currently located directly         Pound, and Fort Mifflin Terminal. These adjoining
                      north of the Fort and west of the Hospital Building.              properties are not considered historic and for the
                      It is an historic intrusion that in no way is relevant to         most part are located on man-made land that once
                      the interpretive plan of Fort Mifflin, and is                     was part of the Delaware River or a back channel.
                      deteriorating at a rapid rate.                                    Today, the property totals approximately 49.8 acres,
                      The Fort Mifflin Historic Landmark is presently run               including significant wetland area, approximately 25
                      by the non-profit organization Fort Mifflin on the                acres of wooded area, a moat, 14 historic buildings,
                      Delaware which assumed control of the site from the               and a dock. An access road to the Army Corps and
                      City of Philadelphia in 1992. Before the creation of              National Guard Installation crosses the property.
                      the non-profit organization, the site was kept open by            The site is secured by a chain link fence and the
                      the Olde Fort Mifflin Historical Society, a group of              Delaware River.
                      individuals devoted to the historic nature of the Fort.
                      As fimdratsing and administration became an ever
                      more important issue, the Society agreed to the
                      formation of the non-profit organization for
                      administration of the site.






                                                                                  2








                                SITE LOCATION PLAN






















                                                         RT  Fr
































                        0
                                               FORT MIFFLIN   DELAWARERIVER
       NORTH







            2.2 The Existing Site                                              adjoined by the Cannonball House which is in a
                                                                               significantly deteriorated condition.
                The Arrival Experience
            Fort Mifflin represents a unique resource for the
            City, given the history of its site, and the extent to
            which its historical buildings have remained intact.
            The industrial context which has developed around
            the Fort, however, poses obstacles to the Fort's
                                                                                               ............... ..
                                                                                                 ..............................
            image.
                                                                                                               .......... ........
                                                                                                                   ..........
                                                                                                                  ...........
            The Fort, adjacent to major regional and local
                                                                                                                            ...........................
                                                                                                                       ........ ........

                                                                                                                     ...............
            highways at the southern edge of the City, is located
                                                                                                                          .............
            within convenient driving distance for Philadelphia
                                                                                    ..........
            residents, as well as for visitors. The Fort does suffer
            thoughfrorn being isolated from other historic and
            recreational resources by its industrial neighbors.
            Currently, no public transportation is available in the
            vicinity of the Fort. The actual approach to the Fort,             The Cannonball House is in an extremely deteriorated
            bypassing industrial complexes and the Philadelphia                condition, and is proposedfor removalfrom the site.
            International Airport, gives little indication of the
            presence of the historic site. Existing directional
            signage to the Fort is inadequate for overcoming this              Fort Mifflin!s strongest asset relative to visitor arrival
            situation. Even the vehicular entry for the Fort                   is the Fort itself. The entry view of the Fort walls is
            property, a shared entry with the Army Corps of                    unarguably powerful and compelling.
            Engineers, presents a weak image of the historic
            resource located just beyond.                                      0    The Historic Fort
            'Me Fort's immediate neighbors, the Philadelphia                   Current use of the fifty-acre site is confined to
            International Airport and the Army Corps of                        approximately half of the site - the historic Fort, the
                                                                               Hospital Building area, and the recently developed
            Engineers, have a significant effect on the Fort                   picnic area adjacent to the Water Battery. Both of
            environment. The presence of the Airport is                        these areas provide significant attractions. The
            constantly audible and visible, as planes fly directly             Water Battery affords impressive views overlooking
            over Fort Mifflin at regular, frequent intervals.                  both the Delaware River and the Fort itself. Although
            Unscreened views into the Army Corps service yards                 this relationship to the Delaware River is elemental in
            also detract from the historic and aesthetic                       the establishment of the original Fort, there no longer
            atmosphere at the Fort.                                            is access to the Fort from the River, as the existing
                                                                               Fort dock is in unstable condition. The Fort itself
            Among these conflicting first impressions of Fort                  includes a number of intact historic structures. The
            Mifflin, the visitor's arrival experience includes some            northeastern parapet provides an excellent vantage
            confiision in parking and ticketing. A guard is                    from which to view both the Fort compound and the
            employed to greet and ticket visitors at the vehicular             Delaware River.
            entry only on weekends and during periods of
            anticipated high visitation. During the week,
            ticketing and security depend on Fort staff being in
            the administration building and alert to activity
            outside. The informal parking area now provided for
            visitors is unpaved, un-edged, and undersized for
            anything more than minimal visitation. This lot is



                                                                          4










                                                                                 The Nature Walk
                                                                            Across the moat at the southern half of the property,
                                                                            a path is marginally maintained through a large tract
                                                                 .....      of otherwise unmanaged vegetation. Much of this
                                                                            area is
                                                                                    wetland, and provides an accommodating
                                        ............
                                                                            habitat for wildlife species. This is a pleasant area,
                                                                            but it is neither significant nor distinctive in terms of
                                                                            its vegetation, and it is difficult to access.





                                                                                                             I. al

                                                                                                         "S X


             The northeast parapet affotds excellent views of the Delaware
             River, as well as views across the historic Forl itsey.

             Although there are new gravel walks at the picnic
             area, there is no clear, continuous or fiilly accessible                                          ......
             circulation route for the visitor. Site orientation                                         ..........
             depends on interpretation provided either by a Fort                                                        F:4
                                                                                                               .. .. ..      ......
             guide or by brochure. Access to many portions of the
             site is occasionally limited by wet ground conditions.
                                                                            The southern hatf of the site is difficult to access, and given
             The Fort is sited below the level of the Delaware              over to uninanaged vegetation.
             River, resulting in significant water buildup, poor
             surface drainage, and water related stresses on Fort
             structures. Site water problems are compounded
             during rainy periods by large volumes of water shed
             from 1-95 and the Airport due to inappropriate road
             and runway drainage.


             0 The Moat
             Fort Mifflin provides features of significant
             environmental interest in addition to its historic
             resources. The Fort moat is interesting from both
             perspectives, being home to a variety of wildlife,
             including a Pennsylvania threatened species of turtle.
             The condition of the moat is quickly deteriorating,
             however, due to siltation and an unchecked spread of
             vegetation. The sluicegate which at one time
             provided for flushing action of the moat by the
             Delaware River is now inoperable. The moat
             presently collects drainage from the Fort and
             surrounding land. There is significant flooding
             during and after any large rainfall.





                                                                       5










                                                                                    ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
                                         UNATTRACTIVE VIEWS TO                                                                                                  EXISTING DOCK (NO ACCESS,
                                         ARMY CORPS FACILITY                                                                                                    POOR CONDITION)

                                            TORIC STRUCTURE IN.
                                         UNATTRACTIVE CONTEXT@@                                                                                                 MAGAZINES & GUN EMPLACEMENTS
                                         ATTRACTIVE VIEW
                                         TOWARDRIVER                  491=                                                                                      ATTRACTIVE PICNIC,@REA                      FORTMIFFLIN
                                         UNSTRUCTURED                                                                                                           GOOD VIEW TO FORT                                 On The'Delaware
                                         ?ARKINGA    @A                                                                                                         ATTRACTIVE RIVER VIEWS
                                                   RE
                                         31AKELY HOUSE                                                                                                          JUNSTABLE WOOD STAIR                              MASTER PLAN
                                         JNATIRACTIVE
                                         CIONDITTON                                                                                                                 NG ENTRY
                                                                                                                                                                TIT                                   EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
                                                                            STRONG ENTRY-                  cz
                                                                                                                                                                ATTRA6TIVE RIVER VIEWS
                    WEAKLY SCREENED                _jv                                                                                                                     ET
                    ARMY CORPS FACILM'             -71                                                                                                                                                   KEY
                    GOOD ENTRY VIEWS               -                                                                                                            DELAWARE LIVER                           HISTORIC FEATURE
                    OFFORT
                    UNATTRACTIVE ENTRY                                                                                                                          POORLY DRAINED GRQUND SURFACE            GOOD VIEW
                                                                                                                                     _1111N@NQNA
                                                                                                                        'Ad
                    GATE & GATEHOUSE                                                                                                                            INTACT IRSTORIC FOC&S\
                    POORLY ------6'    03                                                                                                                                                                UNATTRACTIVE VIEW
                                                                                                                                                                SHELL OF BURNED BUILDIN41
                    FOCUSED                                                                                                                                                                              POSITIVE SITE FEATURE
                    ARRIVAL                                                                                                                                     SLUICE IN POOR CONDITION   \\,   f
                                                                                                                                                                                                         PROBLEMATIC SITE FEATURE
                                          >
                                       <                                                                                                                                                                 PEDESTRIAN TRAIL                    00000000
                                                                                                                                                                WOOD BRIDGE (SOLE ACCESS TO WO@I)S,
                                                                                 MOAT
                    POORLY SIGNED                                                                                                                               POORCONDITION)                         \BLOCKED VIEWS
                    ENTRY
                                                                                                                                                 0                                    TIDAL STREAM        \1
                                                                                                                                                  0
                                                                                                                                                                                      GOODVIEWTOFORT

                                                                                                                                                                                      BLOCKED VIEWS TO RIVER

                                                                                                                                                            0
                                                                                                                                                                                -EXISTING PATH CUT THROUGH
                                                                                                                                                                                      UNMANAGEDWO
                                                                                                                                                                                                     ODLAND
                                                                                                                                                                c  t\,,
                                                                                                                                                                                         GAZINES,    JN EMPLACEMENTS
                                                 UNATTRACTIVE INQUSTRLAIL                                                                                          Y9
                                                 VIEWS FROM PARAPET
                                                                                                                   SED WETLAND                                        %
                                                                                                        %                                                            0
                                                 UNUSED SALLYPORT t--                                                                      -     -
                                                                                                          %                                                            0
                                                                                                           %
                                                 UNATTRACTIVE WATER\-                                        %
                                                 CONDITION,PRESENCE OF\
                                                 WILDLIFE
                                                                                                                                                Az7
                                         CL Rdcsign inc.
                                         SCALE: I"=150'-O"
                                         DATE, 10/2/95                                                                                                                          UNUSED WETLAND AREA
                                              NORTH            0 -50         1_51                                                                                                                                                                 - -- - --











                      2.3 Use of Historic Facilities                                                interpreted through the presence of furniture, fixtures
                      Ilie current use of Fort Mifflin's historic structures is                     and/or artifacts.
                      itemized below. Staff have noted that one thousand
                      visitors is the maximum that can be accommodated                              Inside the Fort, there are three bathroom stalls for
                      within the Fort at any one time. Buildings have poor                          women, and two for men, in addition to limited retail
                      ventilation and no seasonal climate control. Building                         facilities located in the Quartermaster's Store.
                      spaces are small. Few historic intenors are




                           Facilities Usage Chart

                      Building                                  Historic Use                   Current Use                    Proposed Use

                      Hospital/Mess Hall
                                 Downstairs                     Mess W1                        Meeting Space                  Visitor Activities
                                                                                               Kitchen Am                     Offices
                                                                                               Office Space
                                ................................................................... .....................................................................................

                                 Upstairs                       Post Hospital                  Office Space                   Office Space
                      Officers' Quarters                        Residential Area
                                 Upstairs                       Officers' Living Space         Break Room                     Break Room/Storage
                                                                                               Changing Room                  Changing Room/Vault
                               ................................... .....................................................................................................................

                                 Downstairs                                                    Display Areas                  Interpreted Exhibit Rooms

                      Soldiers' Barracks
                                 Upstairs                       Soldiers' Living Space/ Maintenance Room                      Maintenance Room
                                                                    Laundress's Room
                               ...........................................I........................................I........................................................ ...........


                                 Downstairs                     Soldiers' Bunk Room            Soldiees Bunk Room             Soldiers' Bunk Room
                                                                Soldiers' Bunk Room            Diorama Room                   Exhibit Space
                                                                Mess Hall                      Empty                          Meeting Space
                                                                Sutler's Shop                  Storage                        Electrical Switches
                                                                Day Scrgeant's Room            Medical Display                Satellite Sales Shop/
                                                                                                                                 Beverages

                      Storehouse                                Commissary                     Sales Shop/Restrooms           Enlarged Restrooms

                      Casemate #1/Bombproof                     Prison                         Interpreted                    Interpreted
                      Casemate 42-34-lBombproof                 Officer's Prison               Interpreted                    Interpreted
                      Casemate #5/Bombproof                     Prison                         Interpreted                    Lectures/Music

                      Bakeoven                                  Bakeoven/Prison                Interpreted                    Lectures/Music

                      Artillery Shed                            Cannons/Carriages              Interpreted                    Artillery Shed/Stables
                                                                                               Equipment Storage




                                                                                               7












                    Building                            Historic Use              Current Use                Proposed Use


                    Blacksmith Shop                     Same                      Interpreted                Blacksmith Shop

                    Powder Magazine                     Same                      Interpreted                Powder Magazine

                    Water Battery                       Gun Mounts and
                                                        Powder Mags               Picnic Area                Picnic Area
                                                                                                             Food Concessions
                                                                                                             Black Powder Storage

                    North Sallyport                                                                          Exit
                             West Casemate              Guard Room                Transformer Room           Transformer Room
                             East Casemate              Guard Room                Security Dogs              Security Dogs

                    East Sallyport                      Main Entrance             Pathway to Demilune        Main Entrance
                                                                                                             Pathway to Dernilune

                    West Sallyport                                                                           New Entry to Nature Trail
                             South Casemate             Guard Room                Unused                     Interpreted
                            North Casemate              Guard Room                Unused                     Interpreted

                    Commandant's House                  Home of Commander         Ruin                       Interim Stabilization &
                                                                                                                     Protection
                                                                                                             Future Restoration


                    Arsenal                             Guardhouse/               Maintenance Storage        Interpreted
                                                        Small Arms Arsenal        Display

                    Torpedo Casemate                    Torpedo Casemate          Interpreted                Interpreted

                    Cannonball House                    Farm House                Ruin                       To Be Removed






















                                                                                  8



















                   HOSPITALIMESS HA.
                   (FORT ADMINISTR)@TTON)
                                                                                                                                                                                        FORTMIFFLIN
                                                                                                                                                                                           *On The Delaware*

                                                                                                                                                                                             MASTER PLAN
                   CANNONBALL HOUSE                                                                                            DELAWARERIVER
                   (NOT HISTORICALLY
                   SIGWICANT TO SITE i                                         40AT
                                                                                                                                                                                    HISTORIC STRUCTURES PLAN

                   CASEMATF-S
                                                 t-1 Z' @'Z-/'                                                                                MATN GAJE


                   QUA RTF-RMASTER'S STORE                                                                                                    ARSENAL

                   NORTH GATE
                                                                                                                                              TORPEDO CASEMATI@'
                                                                                                  RIC F/01
                                                                                          HI
                   SOLDIERS BARRAC

                                                                                                                                              COMMANDANTS HOUSE

                   OFFICER'S QUAR                                                                                                             ARTILLERY SHED

                                                                                                                                              BLACKSMITH SHOP
                   POWDER MAGAZINE


                   SALLY PORT







                                                                                                                                                                     HIGH BATTERY





                                                                                                               NA           RE




                                     @LRdesigninc.
                                     SCALE: I"=150'-O"
                                     DATE, 10/2/95



                                         NORTH          0 50         15C







                                                                                                Corps fhcility to the cast and views of the lot itself
               3      Master Plan Concept                                                       from other locations on the Fort property. Given
                                                                                                space constraints on the Fort property, overflow
               Ile Master Plan concept makes recommendations for                                parking during large events will continue to be
               improving site conditions and operations at Fort                                 located on the Army Corps lot and to some extent
               Mifflin, and identifies opportunities for enhancement                            along the Fort Mifflin access road.
               and expansion of recreational and interpretive
               programs. Relative to development goals, no                                      3.3 Visitor Services Building
               maximum figure has been established for Fort                                     As a general guideline, no new construction is
                                                                                                suggested by the Master Plan within the Fort walls.
               v1sitatiall, and no analysis has been performed to                               The Plan does suggest that the limited visitor services
               determine specific staff or facilities needed to                                 now provided at Fort Mifflin be expanded with
               accommodate various levels of increased visitation.                              eventual construction of a new visitor services
               3.1 Visitor Arrival                                                              building that will offer food service, a retail shop, and
               Given the local context of the Fort, it is important                             visitor orientation and education/interpretation space.
               that the image and visibility of the site be                                     This new building will be constructed adjacent to the
               strengthened. The Master Plan suggests that                                      Hospital Building in an "L" shaped configuration
               waYfinding signage be introduced in a consistent                                 visually buffering the Army Corps of Engineers site.
               manner and that aesthetic improvements be made to                                A plaza will fink the two buildings and provide an
               the immediate approach to the site. Such                                         identifiable location for tour groups to gather for
               improvements include screen and aesthetic feature                                Orientation, as well as an outdoor site for conducting
               Planting, new entry gates and a gatehouse for                                    interpretive programs in good weather.
               ticketinj I,, and security. The planned relocation of the                        3.4 Waterfront Access
               Army Corps entry drive extends an opportunity for                                The Master Plan recommends that the existing dock
               Fort Mifflin to establish its own identity at the                                on the Delaware be repaired to re-establish the Fort's
               entrance to its site.                                                            vital link with the water. In the future, this dock will

               - ...............
               .................                                                                function as an entry point for waterfront tours. The
                                                                                                Master Plan highlights the importance of providing
                                                                                                for pedestrian circulation to and from the dock along
                                                                                                the Water Battery. This is a key feature of the site,

                         ............. .........
                                                        ...........
                                                                                                and critical to interpretation of Fort history.




                                                                                                                                                                  ...........
                                                                                                                          :X, ......... .
                                                                                                                                                      ...................
                                                                                                                                                           ...........
                                                                                                                                              . ...... ...  ...........
                                                                                                                            ...........        ......
                                                                                                                                                 . ......              ....

                                                                                                            .......... .. ...  .......
                                                                                                          .. ............. ..
                                                                                                                                                      .....       .....
                                                                                                            ..........
                                                                                                                                      .... . ...... ...
                                                                                                             ..... .... ......
                                                                                                                               .. .......... .        . . .. ....
                                                                                                                                                         .................... ....
                                                                                                                                                               ...............

                                                                                                                                                                  ...........



                                                                                    ....                                                                .........
               The existing entry to the Fott property is unimproved and
               conveys 47 Poorfi rst impression of the historic site.
               3.2 Visitor Parking
               Assurrung the removal of the deteriorating
               Cannonball House, the Plan provides for appropriate
               visitor Parking at the vehicular entry to the Fort, to
               accommodate individual visitors and bus tours.                                   Reconstruction of the dock at the Delaware River and
               Parking' Improvements incorporate new Plantings to                               introduction of a boan4walk along the Water Battery offer new
               Provide: shade as well as visual screening of the Army                           opportunitiesfor site access and interpretation ofFort history.



                                                                                         10








             3.5 Fort Interpretive Loop                                                                         ..........
                                                                                                             ......              ooo".
                                                                                                           ................
                                                                                                                . ............ ..... ......
                                                                                                   .... ....... ...........
             With planned increase in Fort visitation, it is critical                                 ...........
                                                                                                  ........... ...........I............
                                                                                                        .......................

                                                                                                           ...............
             to establish clear patterns for pedestrian circulation
             within the Fort. Proper paving and paths are
             important for the safety and orientation of visitors,
             and for maintenance of the site, affording access even
             when ground conditions are wet, and protection of the
             site from erosion and compaction caused by foot
             traffic. The Master Plan designates a discrete loop
             which links major interpreted sites within the Fort.
             This pedestrian circulation system within the Fort
             includes a stair access and paved viewing terrace on
             the northeast parapet.                                         The West Sallyport should be reopened, improving access to
             3.6 Nature Trail System                                        the natural area at the southern portion ofthe site.
             The Master Plan identifies an interpreted nature trail
             system to be developed on the southern half of the
             Fort Mifflin property. Visitors are provided several
             trail options. It is envisioned that this environmental
             area eventually will draw its own audience to the
             Fort, offering visitors the option of touring either or
             both the historic Fort and nature area. The nature
             trail system begins at the East Sallyport@ the Main
             Gate of the Fort, and is routed along the original Fort
                                                                                               . .........
             walls and the moat.


                                                                                       .......... YM
             A new pedestrian bridge across the moat accesses the
             natural area of the property, which is to be improved
             to provide environmental interpretation. Ile Plan
             designates development of one trail featuring wetland
             plants and providing views out to the Delaware; a
             second trail devoted to display of native Pennsylvania
                                                                                             @ 0"1
             plants; and a third trail providing bird and berry
             habitat, where new plantings will be selected to
             attract wildlife. The natural trail system includes
                                                                            Selective clearing of invasive vegetation and weed species in
             installation of a boardwalk along the southwestern                                                    pretation
                                                                            the site's natural area uill also improve inter
             edge of the moat, and erection of a new bridge link to         opportunities at the High Water Battery.
             the now-closed West Sallyport of the Fort.






                                NEW VISITOR SERVICES BUILDING                ARMY CORPS OF ENGMERS
                                VISITOR SERVICES PLAZA                                                                          VIEW SCREEN

                                FORT ADNIMSTRATION

                                                                                f OVERFLOW/EVENT
                                                                                    PARKING
                                                                                                                                DOCK ENTR & ORIENTATION



                                                                                                        0
                                                                                                      -0
                BUS DROP-OFF                                                                           @10_                                                                      FORTMIFFLIN
                VISITOR PARKING &                                                                       io                                                                         -*On The Delaware*
                ROAD REALIGNMENT                                    4
                                                                                                                                PICNIC AR'E@
                VIEW SCREEN                                                                                                                                                           MASTER PLAN
                NEW ARMY CORPS EN IRY ROAD'

                                                                                         0
                                                      41,                ACCESS          0                                      FORT ENTRY                                      MASTER PLAN CONCEPT
                                                                 PA




                                                                                                        0.                                                                     KEY
                                                                                                     L                          DELAWAIRE RIVER
                                                            F RT EX[T                  e,                 -1    0
                                                                                                       -        0                                                              ENTRY/ORIENTATION FEATURE
                NEW GATES & GATEH )USE                                                                           0
                                                                                   0   0                         0
                WITH TICKETING                  It 11 It "1                                                       0                                                                                              0000000
                                                                                                                                                                               PEDESTRIAN PATH
                ENTRY (PLANTNG4
                SIGNAGE, ENTRY                                                          _HS     C F   I                                                                                   ACCESS                   71 ED mm@>
                FEATURE)                                                                                                                                                       VEI
                                                                                0                                                                                              SCREENING INIPROVEMENTS
                                         7                                      ooc@@                                                                 NEW PEDESTRIAN B@TGE
                                          1111                                    0@
                                                                                          0
                                                                                            "o
                                                                                               10
                                0
                                                                                                 /0                                                   VIEWING TERRACE
                                0                                    mo                          /0                      0
                                0                                                                                                                     NATURE TRAIL I
                                0                                                                                                                     (WATER/ WETLAND PLANTS).
                                                                                                                               00         k
                                                                                                                                0
                IMPROVEMENTS
                TO FORT MIFFLIN                                                               tW` PED5      BRID
                ACCESS                                                                   -3--- 0.
                                                                                              -                                          0110
                                                                                                                                                                 VIEWING TER@ ACE
                                                                                                             bi                                        00
                                                                                                              x                                         0
                                                                                                             ell                                         0

                                                                                                                                                         -   00
                                                                                                                                                             0
                                     NATURE TRAIL 3 (BIRD &BERRY HABITAT)                           @01     NAT           A                      00           00
                                                                                                        000-                  0                    0
                                                                                                            0
                                                                                                              0          1j. 0
                                                                                                                         0

                                                                                                                                                      00000,0000
                                                                                                                  0.0.1" 000       000                  -- nr    0
                                                                                                                                  0        000 o 00



                                                                                                                                 0
                                  C,LRdesigninc.                                                                                               00     NA     TRAIL 2
                                                                                                                                    0.      co        (NA IVE PLANTS),,
                                  SCALE: 1"=150%0"
                                  DATE, 10/2/95                                                                                                                               ur


                                                                                                                                                      VIEW SCREEN
                                      NORTH          0 50         151






                 4    Master Plan Components

                4.1 Vehicular Circulation
                Ile Vehicular Circulation Plan highlights
                improvements to be made at the Fort to improve
                veldcular access to and circulation through the site.
                Ibe plan indicates the new alignment for the Army
                Corps entry north of the existing shared site entry.
                This allows for new paving and entry unprovements
                to be made at the vehicular entry to the Fort Mifflin
                property. A slight realignment of the existing Fort
                Mifflin access road is indicated to accommodate
                construction of a visitor and bus parking lot. Bus
                circulation is accommodated with a drop-off at the
                visitor services courtyard. Five bus parking spaces
                are located along the northeastern property boundary.
                Visitors to the site will return to the bus parking area
                to reboard their designated bus.

                Fifty-two visitor and staff parking spaces are
                provided with fidl lot build-out. The lot can be
                accessed either at the visitor services courtyard, or
                near the vehicular entry to the Fort property.

                Vehicular access through to the Army Corps facility
                is to be maintained with gated access, Given space
                limitations on the Fort Mifflin site, access to the
                Army Corps site will continue to be required for
                overflow and event parking.





















                                                                         13





















            ARMY CORPS ENTRY ROAD


            BUS DROP OFF
                                                                                                                                                                                       FORTMIFFLIN
                                                                                                                                                                                           *On The Dclaware*

            BUS PARKING
                                                                                                                                                                                             MASTER PLAN

            VISITOR PARKING
                                                                                                                                                                                 'VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PLAN




            FORT MIFFLIN ACCESS
            ROAD REALIGNMENT




















                                                                                                        (4


                                                   "IX
                                                                                        777N











                                  'CLRdcsigninc.
                                   SCALE: 1"=150'-O"
                                   DATE:. 10/2/95




                                                      0 50         150
                                       NORTH







          4.2 Pedestrian Circulation
          The Pedestrian Circulation Plan identifies path
          systems to be introduced to provide clear pedestrian
          access to all interpreted areas of the property.   Four
                                                                                                                                  xii*."i
                                                                                ..... ..... :X.
                                                                                                                 ...................... .
                                                                               .... . .             ....
          different types of path construction are
          recommended, in keepmg with the varying character
          and construction conditions across the site.
          Accommodation for physically challenged visitors
          must be provided and considered in all areas of the
          site.


               Visitor Services Plaza
             paved plaza links the existing Hospital Building               New stair construction is required to improve access to a
          and the new visitor services center, affording an area            viewing terrace at the northeast parapet of the Fort.
          for visitor orientation and outdoor events. Unit pavers
          should be used in this high visibility area.


               Picnic Area
          -%e existing gravel paving is to remain within the
          picnic area. This path is extended at its north end to
          meet the visitor services plaza.


          %
               Dock and Water Battery
             e new dock will be wood construction. The Plan
                                                                                                                         ...... . ...
                                                                                                                           KX: ...
          recommends extending this to include a boardwalk/                                      ......
          wood deck along the Water Battery for viewing and
                                                                                                                            ..........
          interpretation. A new wood stair is required to return
                                                                            ..:: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........
                                                                                                       ell
          visitors to the picnic area.
                                                                                        :X
                                                                                                                  X:K*K  ....
                                                                                                          .................
                                                                                                  -:XX
               The Historic Fort                                                                                  . ...... ....... . . . . .
                                                                                                         .. . .... ... .........
          The Master Plan recommends a continuation of the
          brick and stone paving vocabulary now in place
                                                                                                                            ..............
          inside the historic Fort. Many of the existing paths
          are in poor condition, however, and require re-laying
                -dnor realignment to achieve a clear and
          and n
                                                                            ............
                                                                            ................
          continuous path system from the Main (East) Gate of
          the Fort; around the north perimeter of the Fort, and
          out the 'West Sallyport. Paving is limited to this area,
                                                                                .....            ...                            ........
                                                                                                 ...                            ........
          as it is this area of the Fort which contains the
                                                                                                                 . . . . . . .... ......
          majority of interpreted historic structures. Access to
          the northeast parapet is to be improved with the
          construction of steps cast of the existing Storehouse,
          and construction of a paved viewing area on the
          parapet itself. This viewing area will be surrounded
          by a guardrail which will protect visitors, and                   A viewing terrace is proposed to provide improved and safe
          discourage unauthorized access to the remainder of                visitor access to the northeast parapet of the Fort.
          the Fort parapet.





                                                                      15









                  The Nature Trail System
              The nature trail system introduces various paving
              types, given the changing site conditions within the
              nature area. Ile primary path is to be asphalt, with
              red stone aggregate. This custom color will match
              the color and character established by the stone
              paving in the picnic area.

              Secondary nature trails are to be gravel paths, in
              response to the more sensitive nature of the wetlands
              in this area. Limited specific areas will require
              boardwalk construction, due to wet ground
              conditions, such as the river viewing platforms, and
              the boardwalk along the southwest moat perimeter.
              New moat bridge construction will also be wood,
              linked to the moat boardwalk.                                                                                             F

















































                                                                      16









                                                       INSTALL VISITOR SERVICES PLAZA


                                                       REALIGN'EXISTING GRAVEI PATH TO JOIN PLAZA


                                                                                                  REBUILD EXISTING DOCK



                                                                                                  EXISTING GRAVEL PATHS TO REMAIN
                                                                                                                                  FORTMIFFLIN
                                                                                                  INSTALL BOARDWALK AT BATTERY
                                                                                                                                    *On The Delaware*

                                                                                                  REMOVE EXISTING WOOD STAIR
                                                                                                                                      MASTER PLAN


                                                                                                  INSWL WOOD STAIR         'PEDES
                                                                                                                                   TRIAN CIRCULATION PLAN

         INSTALL STAIR AND -
         RAMEPART VIEWING                                                                         EXISTI@G BRIDGE TO REMAIN
                                                                                                         '\                        KEY
         REPAVE TO PROVIDE                                                                        INSTALL W06D'BRIDGE
         ACCESSIBLE FORT ENTRY                                                                                                       WOOD CONSTRUCTION
                                                                                                  INSTALL PEDESTRJA@4 PATH           STONEPAVERS
                                                                                                                                     ASPHALT
                                                                                                                                     GRAVEL
                                                               I
                                                                MT01RJ F                          REPLACE EXISTING WO0\D\BRIDGE
                                                                H-$TORI

                                                                                                  INSTALL RHYLARY NATURE TRAI@

                              kill,
                                                                                                  INSTALL WOOD VIEWING PLA-TFO MS,1
                                                                                                                          \J
                                        A





                                                                            sits***


         INSTALL/RELAY FORT A TIIS
                                                                                                 voll
                                                                            NAT
         INSTALL WOOD BRIDGI                                                          A


         INSTALL BOARDWALK @LONG MOAT
                                                               mmul
         INSTALL SECONDARY N


                         LRdesigninc.
                        SCALE: I"= 150'-0"
                        DATE:- 10/2/95



                          NORTH      0 50







               4.3 Facilities Improvements                                                      0 Restrooms
               The Master Plan does not make extensive                                          The Fort Storehouse should be entirely devoted to
               reconirriendations for construction of new buildings                             restroom facilities, increasing the number of fixtures
               on this historic site, although improvements to                                  available to visitors.
               specific existing structures are recommended. As a
               general guideline, no new building construction is to
               be permitted within the confines of the walls of the
               historic Fort.


                    Gatehouse at Vehicular Entry
               The Master Plan includes a new gatehouse as part of
               the Fort: entry improvements proposed. The
               construction of this gatehouse should be sympathetic
                                                                                                                   ...... ON
               to the style and materials of the Fort's historic                                     ...
               structures, establishing the perception for the visitor
                                                                                                ....              . . ..........
               that one: is entering a special, historic district. A new                                                         VOW
               gate and security fence should be developed in
               conjunction with the gatehouse. Square footage
               requirements for the gatehouse are minimal,
               accommodating only gate security and ticketing                                                   . ........         ... ....-
               services with approximately 100 square feet.                                     The Storehouse is to be improved to expand restroontfacilities
                                                                                                within the entire building.
               0 Visitor Services Center
               A visitor services center is the primary facility                                     Sales Shop
               required for future development and program                                      It is important that limited retail facilities be
               expansion at the Fort. The plan sites a single story                             maintained inside the Fort, particularly to provide
               structure of approximately 1400 square feet adjacent                             refreshments for visitors during the warin summer
               to the existing Hospital (administration) Building.                              months. The Master Plan proposes that a small retail
               The structures accommodates education/ interpre-                                 facility be created at the east end (Master Sergeant
               tation space (500 SF) food service and retail space                              Room) of the Soldiers' Barracks for this purpose.
               (700 SF) and restroom. facilities (200 SF). With
               interpretive and educational facilities provided in the
               first floor of the existing Hospital (administration)
               Building, visitor services are concentrated in this key                           ........... - ... .......
                                                                                                                ..................................................
                                                                                                                        ...............
                                                                                                                     ....................
               location. It is recommended that additional                                      ..............................
                                                                                                                      . .....               .............  ..........-
                                                                                                                ...... .................... ...... * *::::.. .:::::X.X.X. *: -
                                                                                                  ...................... . ... ...............-..........
                                                                                                     .................
                                                                                                       ...............                           ...
                                                                                                     ...................
               education/interpretation space be accommodated
                                                                                                     .........  .......                       X.X
                                                                                                                       .. . ...... ...   ......
                                                                                                                ............ ......... ... ..
                                                                                                     .................. X..
                                                                                                .................
                                                                                                  ......................
                                                                                                     ........                   ...
                                                                                                     ...............
                                                                                                     .. .. ......
                                                                                                  ............... .............
               within available historic facilities inside the Fort.                                             ........

                                                                                                .......................... ...       .....
               The Mess Hall inside the Soldiers' Barracks has been
                                                                                                                           .. .. ......
                                                                                                                                                           .... .......
               identified as a suitable site for this use. It is intended
                                                                                                                                              ... .. . .... ....
                                                                                                                                                        N   0
               that the visitor services center replace the existing
               minimal retail facility inside the Fort.

                                                                                                                                                     ----------------
                   Commandant's House
                                                                                                                                       . ... .......
               Ltoration of the fire-damaged Commandant's
               House, recommended by previous architectural,
               historiad and building condition analysis, is a                                  A satellite sales shop is proposedfor the east end of the
               priority for securing the historical integrity of the                            Soldiers'Barracks to maintain limited retailfacilities inside
               Fort.                                                                            the historic Fort.





                                                                                        18













           NEW VISITOR SERVICES CENTER (1400 SF)



           HOSPITAL BUILDINGIFORT ADMINISTRATION
           'GROUND FLOOR EDUCATION&
           B,FMRPRETIVE SPACE
                                                                                                                                                          FORTMIFFLIN
                                                                                                                                                             *On The Delaware*
           REMOVAL OF CANNO] T13ALL                                                                                                                            MASTER PLAN
           HOUSE
                                                                                                                                                    F                   OVEMENTPLAN
                                                                                                                                                     ACILITIES IMPR
                                      /K_







                                                                                                                   -STOREHOUSE
           NEW GATEHOUSE (10( SF)                                                                                   VISITOR RESTROOM HAPROVEMENTS



                                                                                                                    SOLDIERS'BARRACKS
                                                                                                                    SATELLITE SALES SHOP
           COMMANDANT'S                                          It                                                 INTERPRETIVE PERIOD ROOMS
           HOUSE REST  TION
                                                                                                                    EDUCATION & INTERPRETIVE
                    ORA                                                                                                                 SPACE,
                                                                                                                    OFFICERS' QUARTERS
                                  till till                                                                         INTERPRETIVE PERIOD ROOMS





















                             LRdesigninc.
                           SCALE: 1"=150%0"
                           DATE, 10/2/95



                              NORTH        0   50     15







                 4.4 Landscape & Environmental                                                          7-1degate
                 Improvements                                                                      In lieu of repair of the existing sluicegate - a
                 The Master Plan utilizes landscape and                                            procedure deemed excessively expensive and
                 environmental improvements to remedy existing                                     complicated - the Master Plan recommends
                 physical problems on the site; to improve aesthetic                               installation of a tidegate at the existing stream located
                 problems; and to develop and enhance Fort                                         adjacent to the bridge access to the nature area. If
                 interpretive and recreational programs.                                           this stream were cleaned, it is anticipated that tidal
                                                                                                   flushing of the moat could occur here.
                 0 Site and Environmental Improvements
                       The Moat                                                                         Bank Stabilization
                 The poor quality of the moat at the Fort represents                               Bank stabilization is recommended due to ongoing
                 one ofthe single most pressing issues relative to the                             erosion of the bank adjacent to the Fort. This can be
                 Fhysical condition of the existing site. Due to the                               accomplished by vegetative methods.
                 inoperable condition of the sluicegate, flushing action
                 no longer occurs in the moat. The quality of the moat                                  Fort Ground Conditions
                 is rapidly deteriorating due to siltation and the                                 Lowering of the moat water level through increase in
                 unchecked spread of vegetation. In order to preserve                              moat depth and tidal flushing will effectively lower
                 water quality in the moat, it is imperative to dredge                             the water table in adjacent areas. This will afford a
                 the moat not only to remove siltation and decayed                                 degree of drying of soil conditions inside the Fort,
                 vegetation, but to increase the water depth, which                                where the high water table and wet ground conditions
                 will in turn discourage regeneration of vegetation                                often restrict visitor circulation.
                 which is now choking the moat. Hydraulic dredging
                 is recommended. Any dredging activity should occur                                0 Landscape Screening
                 in the surnmer months, so that animals living in the                              The introduction of landscape buffers is
                 moatare free to move away temporarily from the                                    recommended particularly at the northern edge of the
                 area of activity. Vegetative removal from the moat                                site, separating the Fort from the Army Corps site.
                 will involve some routine maintenance following                                   Additional planting at the edge of the new visitor
                 initial dredging.                                                                 parking lot will screen direct views of parked cars
                                                                                                   and buses from other areas of the site. Perimeter
                                                                                                   screening is also suggested at the southern boundary
                                                                                                   of the site, which juxtaposes the Airport.







                                                                                                                                                               .... ........ -....
                                              . . . . . . . . . . . . .


                                                                ..................................... ... ...... ..........
                                                                                                                                                 ........... .. ... .... ..............
                                                                                                            .... ............... ... .. ...


                    .. ......... ..
                                                                                                                                        .............

                                                                                                                                        ....... . .







                                                                                                                                                         . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

                                                                                                                                                                 ................

                 Actions are required to improve water quality at the Fort moat,                   Views of the Army Corpsfacility intrude on the historic and
                 which is stagnant and choked with vegetation.                                     aesthetic atmosphere of the Fort.





                                                                                           20







                Landscape Enhancements
                Vehicular Entry
            The Master Plan identifies areas along the vehicular
            approach to the Fort which can be improved with
            landscape treatments. Specifically, the drive into the
            Fort along the Philadelphia Airport property should
            be improved with shade trees and roadside
            ornamental planting. A new sign should be installed
            with ornamental planting at Fort Mifflin Road, as the
            visitor passes into the entrance of the Fort property
            itself.



                The Nature Trail
            The    principle    environmental      and      landscape
            enhancement suggested for the Fort involves
            development of the southern half of the site to provide
            a new regional environmental resource. The Master
            Plan suggests development of specific types of nature
            trails appropriate to the environmental conditions at
            the Fort, and of interest to a little-tapped audience of
            Fort visitors.     The Plan recommends: selective
            clearing of invasive weed species in the natural and
            wetland areas of the property, and replanting to
            create distinct natural areas for recreational walks,
            environmental      education      and      interpretation.


























                                                                        21










                          ORNAMINTAL & SHADE PLANTING AT
                          VISITOR SERVICES LAZA


                          PERIMETER SCREET I PLANTING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A4



                          PARKING LOT BUM ER PLANTING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      FORTMIFFLIN
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *On The Dclawarc*
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                MASTER PLAN
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ll ANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       IMPROVEMENTS PLAN
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MOAT Q@ALITY IMPROVEMENTS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (INCREASE MOAT DEPTH, REMOVE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EXISTING MOA.\T VEGETATION)

                                                                                                                                                                                                -x
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROVIDE V
                                                                                                         9                                                                                                                                                                                       EGETAT" STABILIZATICN
                                                                                                                                                                    @@ï¿½TWCF                                                                                                   OF MOAT BANK

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MOAT FLUSHING IMPROVEMENTS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (INSTALL TIDEGATE, CLEAN
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EXISTING TIDAL STREAM)



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NATURE TRAIL IMPROVEMENTS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (PERFORM SELECTIVE CLEARING OF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ,rASIVE AND WEED SPECIES,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     INTRODUCE WETLAND AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NATIVE COLLECTIONS)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  . . . . . ........






                                                                                                                                                                               ....... . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ... ... .. .




                                                                                                                                                                                                  ...... .                                                                               . . ... .%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .....             .. ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         . . . . . . . . . .









                                                                                                                                                                                                           . ...... .. . .. .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PERIMET R@R 9CREEN PLANTING

                                                            SCALE: 1"=150%0"
                                                                          10/2/95
                                                            DATE,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ......... .... . . . ..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           . . . .. ... . . ...... .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ....... .. ... ... .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            . ... . ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              . . . . . .. .. ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              . . ..... ...... . . .




                                                                                                  0 50                     1
                                                                   NORTH ,                                                  .50@












                                                                                      communication materials from letterhead to signs
                            Wayfinding & Interpretive                                 Consistent use increases a visitor's recognition,
                     51'rogramming                                                    whether the purpose is to draw attention to
                                                                                      advertising or to direct the visitor to a certain site.
                    Wayfinding and interpretive programming are                       Effective use of an identity increases the perception
                    important aspects of the Master Phin, dealing with                of an organized and well-run institution or facility.
                    reinforcement of Plan site improvement concepts                   Fort Mifflin has begun the important process of
                    through the development of an effective orientation               developing a consistent visual identity through the
                    aid interpretation system. This section describes in              creation of a logo (cannon with cattails) and a color
                    detail wayfinding and interpretive programming for                scheme (green and white). It is important that this
                    Fort Mifflin on the Delaware.                                     basic component be used in a consistent manner on
                    5.1 Wayrinding                                                    wayfinding signs where necessary and appropriate.
                    0 Existing Signs                                                  For example, it would be ideal if signs directing
                    The existing Fort Mifflin signs both on and off the               visitors into the site from 1-95 employed the logo and
                    site vary greatly in size, typeface, color and                    the green and white colors of Fort Mifflin. VVhile the
                    materials, creating a somewhat confusing image.                   interstate system and the City of Philadelphia have
                    V&He some signs are certainly readable, their                     strict regulations governing road signs with
                    location may not be the most effective. There will be             regulations as to sign size, typeface and color,
                    a need for new sips with the implementation of the                conversation with the Department of Licenses and
                    Master Plan. These signs will guide visitors, provide             Inspections has indicated that some flexibility is
                    basic orientation, note regulations and identify                  possible, i.e. the standard green rather than brown
                    buildings and services where necessary. Effective                 may be used and the logo would be considered, if
                    wayfinding directs a visitor to and around the site               their equipment were able to reproduce it. The City
                    ,with a minimum of difficulty and time spent by staff             would require submission of sketches to determine
                    in giving directions.                                             approval of a custom sign of this type.
                                                                                      Comparatively few wayfinding signs would require
                    It is recommended that Fort Mifflin undertake a                   the use of the logo; others may only use the typeface
                    ,specific study of wayfinding and signing needs that is           and color scheme. A system of standard sizes for
                    coordinated with site, landscape and interpretive                 different purposes would be determined, making it
                    planning to guide the creation of a consistent,                   easier to order signs on an ongoing basis. These and
                    effective series of sign designs and locations. The               other issues would be addressed in the study
                    preliminary signs and graphics location plan                      mentioned above.
                    indicated in this Master Plan identifies general areas
                    where signage will be required to provide visitor
                    Wayfinding.

                        Identity
                    Used by the marketing and graphic design industries,
                    the word identity refers in part to the consistent visual
                    and verbal means by which an entity (individual,
                    institutional or corporate) becomes known and
                    immediately recognizable to the general public or a
                    target audience. The basic component is usually a
                    logo, an entity's name and/or symbol presented in
                    consistent form and colors, and used on




                                                                                 23










                     5.2 Interpretive Programming                                       update of this book, Fort Mifflin, Philadelp-hia's
                                                                                        Great Island Fortification by Jeffrey M. Dorwart,
                          Mission Statement                                             Ph.D. is to be published in the fall of 1995.
                     The Board of Fort Mifflin on the Delaware has
                     adopted the following mission statement:                                Overview
                                                                                        The Master Plan recommends developing and
                     To develop, preserve and interpret Fort Mifflin as a               enhancing the Fort's interpretive programming. Initial
                     National Historic Landmark whose unique history,                   focus is on the historical programming, followed by
                     originalfabric and surrounding environment will be                 recommendations for environmental interpretive
                     protected and used to educate and enrich students                  programming. The combination of these interpretive
                     andfamilies and serve as a significant regional                    themes will expand the base of potential visitors and
                     tourist resource.                                                  offer visitors attracted by the historical significance
                                                                                        of the site more options and a richer experience. In
                          ï¿½  Physical and Architectural Preservation will               general, both historical and environmental themes
                             be to the period of 1771-1875                              will be strengthened by systematic cross-referencing,
                                                                                        since natural conditions had great influence on the
                          ï¿½  Historical Interpretation will be inclusive of             siting and engineering of the Fort, while historical
                             the Fort's service during each ofAmerica's                 alterations have had tremendous impact on the local
                             major wars: Revolutionary, War of 1812,                    terrain and environment.
                             Civil War, World War I and World War H                     A critical next task for Fort Mifflin's board and staff
                          ï¿½  Environmental Interpretation will be                       is to review the proposed interpretive themes,
                             inclusive of the Fort's river siting, wetland              evaluate them, and refine them. Part of this process
                             habitat and wooded areas.                                  should involve piloting the proposed tour routes,
                                                                                        incorporating first-person narratives and additional
                                                                                        examples of historical vocabulary into tours and
                                                                                        programs, and clearly articulating the basic themes so
                          Existing Interpyetation                                       that they are accessible to visitors. Evaluation of
                     This section deals with interpretation for the general             these efforts will guide the staff in revising both
                     public visiting Fort Mifflin, as distinct from visitors            themes and programs so that they are engaging,
                     involved in education programs.                                    enjoyable, and informative for visitors of various
                     Currently, interpretation is a record of the human                 background, ages and interests.
                     history of the site, with little reference to natural              a Historical Programming
                     history and the environment; and it is conveyed in                 Fort Mifflin is a national historic site whose
                     the following ways:                                                interpretation is influenced by two key fitctors. First,
                                                                                        memory and history, commemoration and
                     a)   a printed self-guiding brochure,                              interpretation are necessarily so entangled that they
                     b)   a slide-tape presentation on the events of the                must be developed together: it is essential for visitors
                          Revolutionary period,                                         to understand the site in order to share in its
                     c)   a series of wayside graphics within the walls of              commemoration. Remembrance is integral to telling
                          the Fort,                                                     Fort Mifflin's historical story.
                     d)   guided tours,
                     e)   a scale diorama representing the siege of 1777,               Second, the site's historical significance relates
                     f)   historical furnishings.                                       primarily to the crucial struggles of Autumn 1777,
                                                                                        while virtually all of the historic fabric which remains
                     A book, Fort Mifflin, Valiant Defender of the                      today dates from later periods of history. These two
                     Del      by John W. Jackson, detailing the history                 issues must be addressed, resolved, and expressed in
                     of the Fort is available for sale in the gift shop. An             the Fort's interpretive themes and programs


                                                                                 24







          Because of its historical significance, long history,              1) A Crucial Chokehold: Fort Mifflin's history as a
          rich resources and large scale, Fort Mifflin on the                   military site extends for nearly two centuries,
          Delaware: could undertake a virtually limitless                       beginning in 1772 and extending into the era of
          number of interpretive initiatives. However, both                     the Cold War. Its principal historical significance
          practical and qualitative considerations dictate that a               rests, however, on the events of its first years of
          few primary or core themes be selected and that                       development and use, most notably in the heroic
          programs,, activities, and special events be developed                defense of the Fort during the Autumn of 1777.
          around a few basic ideas. In this section of the                      The prolonged siege and ultimate destruction of
          Master Plan, three themes have been identified to                     Fort Mifflin were of critical importance to the
          help staffand visitors grapple with the                               survival of the Continental Army in the first part
          complexities of the site. Also identified are a number                of the War for Independence. By denying the
          of historical and environmental resources that can be                 British water-bome access to Philadelphia for
          used to develop these themes.                                         weeks and then months, Fort Mifflin and its sister
                                                                                fortifications prevented the occupying army in
                   Ifistorical Interpretive Themes                              Philadelphia from re-grouping and either moving
          Most people who visit historic sites bring with them a                north to link up with General Burgoyne's army or
          few basic questions. What is this place? How does it                  moving west to attack Washington's battered
          work? What happened here? Why is it important (to                     forces. In the long struggle to defend Fort Mifflin,
          me)? Visitors take cues from the site and its                         a majority of its defenders (estimated at from 50%
          structures in order to answer these key questions. The                to 70%) became casualties of the battle, and only
          scale and complexity of Fort Mifflin's site and                       a small number of the garrison and its
          structures can both mislead and inform, so it is                      reinforcements were able to make their escape to
          especially important to select interpretive themes                    the Jersey shore. This heroic and historically
          which emerge from the environment, terrain, and                       significant defense of a key chokehold demands-
          material evidence that visitors actually experience at                and deserves-interpretation and commemoration:
          the Fort.                                                             it is a vital part of American historical memory.

          Three aspects of the story are especially striking-the             2) A Self-Contained Community: This singular
          place of Fort Mifflin in American historical memory,                  event, however, does not exhaust the story and
          its social history, and the challenges of establishing a              significance of the site. Fort Mifflin is also
          fort on A/lud Island. These primary or core themes                    notable as one of the oldest continuously-used
          can engage many of the most dramatic and interesting                  forts in North America. It is an outstanding
          structures and stories at Fort Mifflin on the                         example of an important type of self-contained
          Delaware.. If they are effectively interpreted, severally             community. At this site, soldiers, sailors and
          or together, they will go far toward answering the                    civilians lived and worked. Here they washed and
          threshold questions which visitors bring with them to                 dressed, cooked and ate, cleaned and slept. Here
          the site. These three themes can be summarized as                     they exercised and practiced crafts, pursued
          follows: A Crucial Chokehold: commemorates the                        sports and recreation, got sick and died. Ile
          role of Fort Mifflin in 1777 when its protracted                      history of Fort Mifflin as a self-contained
          defense purchased essential time for the Continental                  community, especially as it functioned in the mid-
          Army; A Self-Contained Community: interprets the                      19th century, is another important theme for
          life of Fort Mifflin in the 19th-century, with special                interpretation, one that is amply dramatized in the
          emphasis on its social history; An Engineering                        Forfs surviving fabric and structures.
          Challenge: explains how ingenuity and technology
          were used to respond to the uses of sea power, the                 3) An Engineering Challenge: Ile third theme links
          evolution of naval artillery, and the problems of site                the two others: the challenge of engineering at the
          and terrain.                                                          Fort on Mud Island. The evolution and use of the
                                                                                Forfs physical fabric over its period of occupation
                                                                                was determined by changes in both military and



                                                                       25








                      civil engineering. Eighteenth-century military                                Civil engineering also helped to shape the Fort as we
                      engineering dictated the siting of the Fort on Mud                            see it today. One of the basic engineering challenges
                      Island and its basic form. Two prominent features                             was designing, building, and maintaining a fortress
                      of the site-the casemates and the magazines-were                              and a community on what was essentially a tidal mud
                      responses to the power of naval armaments. This                               flat. All the usual problems of establishing a
                      continuing progress of naval guns made Fort                                   defensive fortification in the 1770's were
                      Mifflin obsolete during the 19th century. The                                 compounded by the nature of Mud Island: it was soft,
                      theme of engineering also brings out the                                      wet and unstable. When strong walls were erected,
                      importance of sea power: Fort Mifflin is an                                   water from tides, rain, and seepage rushed into the
                      integral part of the long, enduring tradition of                              center of the Fort, creating vast pools of standing
                      American coastal defense. By the end of the 19th                              water. Many of the prominent features of Fort
                      century, of course, new fortifications closer to the                          Mifflin, including its dikes, drainage system and
                      mouth of the Delaware had made Fort Mifflin                                   sluicegates, were installed in order to deal with the
                      redundant.                                                                    sponge-like character of the terrain. Other features,
                                                                                                    since lost, such as the "parades and walks" cited in
                                                                                                    Joseph Plumb Martin's account of the 1777 siege,
                                                                                                    were installed for the same purpose. Crosswalks are
                                                                                                    shown in the map of the central Parade Ground
																    sketched by Lt. Col. Charles Smith in 1777:
																    postholes that contained the supports for these
																    wooden walks were excavated in 1959. In addition,
																    the Forts's location in a marshy area down river from
																    a large urban center multiplied the risks of illness,
																    both viral and bacterial. It is no accident that a large
																    hospital was established to deal with the sick, rather
																    than the wounded! This aspect of engineering also
																    introduces the Fort's relationship to its natural
																    environment.



Gun emplacements offer opportunities for placement of historic
armaments and interpretation at the historic Fort.



										26			
                          






                     Historical Interpretive Resources and                         palisades, part blockhouses and strong points.
                     Opportunities                                                 Introduction of soldiers in the image would help to
             Fort Mifflin occupies a large, rich, and complex site.                establish a sense of scale and to enliven the scene.
             Visitors to the site are confronted with unexpected-                  A set of maps and views-based on documentary
             and sometimes telling-juxtapositions and                              research-could be commissioned for use in
             disjunctions. Within minutes one could observe an                     waysides, publications, exhibits and media
             18th-witury fortified wall, several adult turtles                     productions.
             basking on a log, a 19th-century sluicegate, a recent
             slide-tape presentation, a re-enactment or a                       3) First Person Narratives: There are some
             demonstration, and a jumbo jet taking offjust                         wonderful first-person accounts included in
             overhead. All of these phenomena and more can be                      existing planning reports. It would be easy and
             deployed as resources for interpretation. Fort Mifflin                effective to make use of some of these texts in the
             needs to refiirbish its current resources, exhibitions                tour program, dramatic living history, media
             and media presentations, revise and re-publish its                    productions, special events, publications and
             brochures and guides, and focus its educational                       exhibits. Few interpretive tools are as powerful as
             programs on the same kinds of interpretive themes as                  a good story, especially told in the first-person.
             are used in the tour program. The current long-range                  Use of multiple sources-that is, multiple
             plan for education incorporates many services and                     characters' accounts-would enable interpreters to
             activities which comport well with the interpretive                   juxtapose two or more responses to the same
             themes proposed here: the more closely integrated the                 event or issue: this can reveal the complexity of
             interpretive and education programs are, the stronger                 the situation, often with humor, irony, or both.
             and more effective both will be.
                                                                                4) Historical Vocabulary: One of the most engaging
             The following list of resources and opportunities is                  and informative aspects of the guided tour is an
             necessarily suggestive rather than definitive,                        explanation of how phrases such as 'hit the sack,'
             providing some ideas for extending the interpretive                   'sleep tight,' and 'don't let the bed-bugs bite'
             program that is currently in place.                                   came into our contemporary vocabulary. In
                                                                                   addition to such domestic terminology, the jargons
             1) Historical Documentation: The Historic                             of themilitary, sailing and commerce, hand crafts
                American Buildings SunMLs several planning                         such as smitbing, and medicine offer rich
                reports, books, and articles, constitute a rich                    resources for interpretation. Naval usages give us
                resource for interpretation and commernoration.                    'boarding party' and 'close quarters' and many
                These sources provide excellent documentation of                   others as well. The following phrases from our
                thelayout and elevations of the original Fort                      contemporary usage all come from the age of sail,
                destroyed in 1777. One area which could be more                    especially relevant in interpreting Fort Mifflin
                fiill, exploited are military records such as muster               which was designed to close off a key waterway
                and casualty lists: it would be important to know                  to sailing vessels:
                if the names of soldiers at the garrison in 1777
                could be identified, especially the names of those                       batten the hatches         trim the sails
                who fell in its defense.                                                 by and large               elbow room
                                                                                         plain sailing              gathering way
             2) Visual Representations: The sources noted above                          come about                 chock-a-block
                provide ample documentation with which to create                         give a wide berth          fag end
                a new generation of interpretive visuals. To                             hand overfist              know the ropes
                understand the strategic position that the Fort                          squared away               try a new tack
                occupied, a detailed scaled map is needed. A                             hard and fast              weather the storm
                large-scale bird's eye view is also badly needed in
                order to show the actual character of the.                      5) Preservation and Archaeology: People are
                defenses-part stone-clad walls, part wooden                        usually very interested in ongoing processes, as



                                                                          27







                    well as those that have been completed in the past.                                 Northeast Bastion confirms the Fort's strategic
                    Historical preservation and archaeology offer Fort                                  location relative to the metropolis. Even the jets
                    Mifflin an exceptional opportunity to interpret                                     taking off and landing can be put to interpretive
                    ongoing research, study, planning and                                               use: they are the contemporary equivalent of
                    interpretation. The Fort is already doing this                                      water-borne shipping in the 18th-century, and it
                    through its exhibit on restoration and its signage                                  takes only a little imagination to see how easily
                    throughout the site. A new exhibition is now                                        Fort Mifflin's guns could cut off air traffic today,
                    warranted, given the progress of recent years; it                                   as it closed off the riverway in the 18th century.
                    would also be wonderful to provide updates on
                    current restoration projects, especially the                                             The Historical neine - Interpretive
                    Commandanfs House. Historic preservation                                                 Strategies. Visitor Circulation
                    projects can also be linked to period craft                                   Exhibitions, media presentations, publications,
                    demonstrations and special events (such as a                                  workshops and lectures are all effective ways of
                    house-raising). If there is any way to initiate                               interpreting Fort Mifflin and will continue to be
                    additional archaeological investigation at the site,                          important in the site's arsenal of interpretive modes.
                    this too could provide visitors with dramatic                                 But the most critical mode of experiencing Fort
                    access to history: many sites based on                                        Mifflin is likely to be the tour, guided or self-guided.
                    archaeology have made the process the primary                                 At present, both guided and self-guided tours are
                    theme for interpretation!                                                     offered to visitors; in the future, both fb=s of tours
                                                                                                  will need to be provided, perhaps with the addition of
                                                                                                  a self-guided audio tour. An audio tour can be a
                                                                                                  dramatic and engaging new form of interpretation. At
                                             .......... ... .. .....        ..........
                                         ........ . ..... ....               .... ...r
                                                                                                  Fort Mifflin, the basic overview tour of the site
                                                                                                  should encompass all three of the basic themes
                                                                                                  outlined previously, whether guided or self-guided
                                                                                                  using a printed brochure or an audio tape.



                                                                                                  ..........

                                                                                                  ........ ........ ...... .. ........
                                                                                                  ...........   ................. ... ...                         . . . . .....
                                                                                                  ................. ............ .......


                                                                                                      .............
                                                                                                        ............
                                                                                                        .............. ...... ..
                                                                                                  . .................. .... ...-..................... ... ..........

                                           . . ........... .                                            X....... ......
                                                                           ............
                                                                                                        ............ . .. ....


              Reconstruction of the Commandant's House is a priorityfor
               enriching historic integrity Wthin the Fort.


              6) The Contemporary Context: The site's location
                                                                                                     . .............
                                                                                                           .... ........
                    and environment are valuable resources f
                                                                         or
                                                                                                                                                 ... .. . ............
                    interpretation. Any visitor who climbs the parapet
                    at the Water Battery, or who walks around the                                 Guided tours and re-enactments ofFort history are effective
                    outside of the perimeter wall, will see how closely                           stmiegiesfor inteppretation and education.
                    Fort Mifflin is tied to the water, and how the
                    natural environment challenged the Fort's                                     For a tour of the site to achieve its fidl potential, the
                    designers and builders. The presence of tankers,                              storylines and themes need to be clear and
                    freighters, and barges on the river is an active                              comprehensible, the circulation routes have to be
                    reminder of how important a waterway the                                      well-defined and accessible, and the interpretation has
                    Delaware is in the life of the surrounding valley.                            to connect visitors to what they are actually
                    The view of Philadelphia's skyline from the                                   experiencing at each moment on the tour. We have all


                                                                                         28








             been on tours with guides or brochures that ask us to                 linked to first-person narratives, will show how Fort
             imagine what would have been here or-just as bad-to                   Mifflin closed off the waterway to British shipping.
             imagine that a standing structure isn't here, or worse
             yet, some combination of the two. The tour program                    As visitors move from the river toward the Fort, two
             needs to be carefully orchestrated to develop the core                or three waysides should interpret the siege. Crossing
             themes at the places where visitors can experience the                the bridge over the moat, visitors approach the was
             history being interpreted.                                            of the Fort: here they should learn about the Fort's
                                                                                   reduction and evacuation. Directly under the walls,
             At present, both the guided and the self-guided tours                 visitors should encounter some kind of a memorial
             begin with visitors entering the Fort from the north                  which commemorates the heroism of the defenders
             side. Visitors are encouraged to see the slide-tape                   and details the terrible casualties which they suffered.
             presentation and the large-scale diorama at the outset                Commemoration is integral to site interpretation, and
             of their tour. These two interpretive elements tell the               the Master Plan recommends that a memorial be
             story of the 1777 siege; and since both experiences                   erected in the shadow of the walls that survived the
             are indoors, they avoid the confusion of telling the                  siege.
             story of the l8th-century Fort (destroyed in the 1777
             battle) in the misleading context of a l9th-century
             fortress. The self-guiding brochure also tells the story
             of the 1777 battle on one side of the sheet, and then
             tours visitors around the post-1777 Fort on the other
             side of the sheet.


             The interpretive program would gain much from
             driving home the distinction between the 1777 Fort
             and the Fort which visitors experience at the site                                                                .....
             today. The only remaining fabric that survives from                                                               . . . . . .X
                                                                                                                                  .. ......
             the 1777 Fort is a section of the stone-clad southeast
                                                                                                     ..................... .........
             wall (now surmounted with later brickwork). To re-                                                                   . . . . . .....
                                                                                   . ............
                                                                                   . ........... ...
             capture Fort Mifflin in the crucial year of 1777, it is
                                                                                   . ....... .
             important to begin both guided and self-guided tours                                                          ......
             outside the walls, approaching-the Fort from the
             northeast via the Water Battery. This line of
                                                                                           ...... .... ..
             approach will orient visitors to the Forts strategic                                        ......
             location on the Delaware, offer a compelling view of
             the 18th-century fortifications, and allow time to tell
             why thr. Fort was placed here and what happened
             during the siege.                                                     The Master Plan proposes priIMary ent?y to the historic Fort at
             Once tie guided and self-guided tours begiri near the                 the Main (East) Gate, highlighting the strategic location of the
             picnicarea or the Water Battery-ideally at the                        originalfoWleations on the Delaware.
             restored dock, the visitor should proceed through the
             Water Battery (and, if possible, the dock) toward the
             Fort, and then south for a bit along the 18th-century                 The 1777 reduction of Fort Mifflin provides a good
             wall. A self-guiding brochure and a series of wayside                 opportunity to move into the theme of engineering on
             signs can explain the critical situation in which the                 Mud Island. In response to the Fort's destruction, the
             Continental Army found itself after a succession of                   next generation of fortifications incorporated a fully-
             losses and the occupation of Philadelphia by General                  developed perimeter wall (bigger and higher than the
             Howe. Maps, plans, and a bird!s eye view of the Fort,                 original walls), re-vamped bastions, heavily



                                                                            29







             reinforced casemates and magazines, erected a                      the interests of visitors by emphasizing one or
             central citadel, extended dikes and a full moat, and               another theme. Third, self-guided thematic tours
             installed various systems for water control and                    should be made available on request: this means that
             disposal. Visitors entering the Main (East) Gate can               visitors should be able to access specific structures
             visit the monumentally-scaled casemates and ascend                 and features in various sequences.
             onto the northeast bastion. The views from this high
             point will support all three of the core themes: views
             toward Philadelphia win show how the Fort was
                                                                                                                    ..........
                                                                                                                    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
             placed to cut off water-borne supplies to the City
             (whose skyline is clearly visible); views toward the
             river will show the many engineering challenges; and                 ...-....
             those over the interior of the Fort will show visitors a
                                                                                    ........           .....
             distinct sense of the self-contained community that                ...
                                                                                     .....                  . ........
                                                                                     ...                    . ......... . .....
                                                                                                           I . .............
             existed in the Fort throughout the 19th century. 'Me
                                                                                                            .............

                                                                                                               ............ .
             theme of engineering can be picked up in waysides
             and exhibit panels strategically placed in relation to
             standing structures and features.

             The theme of self-contained community is well-                                             -------------
             supported by standing structures. A clockwise walk                 Period interpretation, such as currently exists at the
             around the interior of the Fort, starting at the Arsenal           Blacksmith Shop, should be expanded as an interpretive
             or the Storehouse, will bring visitors to the Artillery            strategyfor the historic Fort.
             Shed, the Blacksmith Shop, the Commandant's
             House, the Parade Ground, and then to the Officers'
             Quarters and the Soldiers' Barracks. This kind of
             routing continues to reinforce the river orientation of
             the Fort and the primacy of its defensive function: it
             was there to block enemy navies moving upstream
             toward Philadelphia. The clockwise route also helps
             visitors to understand that the Fort was an artillery
             base and that structures like the Powder Magazines,

                                                                                    . ...........
             Artillery Shed, and Blacksmith Shop were
                                                                                   ..............
             functionally critical, while the living accommodations
             for the garrison were primarily for peacetime use, to
             be abandoned for the casemates in time of battle.
             Daily life in the Fort, especially in the living quarters,                                                         ...
             would make a good subject for an exhibition, or, even
             better, a media presentation. This would give visitors
             a compelling climax experience.
                                                                                Unused squarefootage in the Officers'Quarters offers
             Several qualifications have to be added at this point.             opportunitiesforperiod interpretation of historic interiors.
             First, the site will always need some kind of a media
             presentation that tells the story of the 1777 Fort and                                  I                                             I
             siege in order to accommodate visitors who cannot                  0 Environmental Interpretive Programming for
             walk the proposed tour route because of time                           the Nature Trail
             constraints, physical disability, inclement weather,               This section describes the interpretive planning
             etc. Second, guided tours need not follow the                      strategies that relate to the environmental theme. For
             suggested tour by rote: costumed interpreters should               the purposes of this Master Plan, these strategies are
             have the knowledge and ability to tailor each tour to              incorporated in the proposed nature trail.



                                                                         30










                      The natural setting of Fort Mifflin is an essential part              nineteenth century on, this most industrial of
                      of its history as well as an important wetland                        cities has changed the sizes and shapes of its
                      ecosystem. Three major interpretive themes have                       river edges and wetlands.
                      been identified that will in some instances enhance
                      the human history of Fort Mifflin, as well as                     d)  Describe eighteenth century use of wetlands as a
                      increase the visitors' enjoyment of this surprisingly                 source of food and medicine (both plant and
                      refreshing island of green in a heavily industrialized                animal), household items (bedstraw), etc. Touch
                      urban area.                                                           on the specific impact Fort Mffflin had on its
                                                                                            natural surroundings through sewage and waste
                              Environmental Interpretive Themes                             disposal and the effects of Fort construction, etc.
                      Ile themes are broken down into several interpretive                  Discuss Philadelphia as an upriver source of
                      storylines which may be presented on interpretive                     contagion.
                      graphic panels and/or used as the basis for
                      developing self-guiding handouts and guided tours.                e)  There is an opportunity to contrast all this
                      These three themes can be summarized as follows:                      heavily European impact with the Native
                      The Nature of Fort Mifflin: Then and Now:                             American (Leni Lenape) use of the land and point
                      contrasts the eighteenth century with the                             of view.
                      contemporary natural environment of Fort Mifflin;
                      An Island of Green: interprets Fort Mffflin as an                 2)  An Island of Green:
                      isolated green area and wedand within a heavily                       Ile theme of the 'Island of Green' focuses on the
                      industrialized area; The Plants and Animals of                        Fort Mifflin ecosystem today and problems
                      Fort Mifflin: emphasizes very specific plants and                     associated with small, isolated tracts of green
                      animals at the Fort.                                                  space (i.e. fewer species, less buffer or protection
                                                                                            against elements which tends to further reduce
                      1)  The Nature of Fort Mifflin: Then and Now:                         the size of green areas). Emphasize positive
                          The theme of 'Then and Now' describes                             reasons for preserving these isolated areas:
                          historical human impact and the changing shape                    essential to migrating birds; can be critical
                          of the site over two hundred years. It deals with                 habitat for endangered species; may connect with
                          changing attitudes: the idea of humans struggling                 greenways in the future.
                          to conquer natural forces in contrast with the
                          contemporary idea of preserving nature.                       a)  Show Fort Mifflin in its surroundings as a green
                                                                                            haven hernmed in by industrial sprawl. Describe
                      a)  Describe the tidal riverine mud flats around Fort                 the encroachment of industry on the site - an
                          Mifflin and adjacent wetlands of the late                         illustration of how big cities have traditionally
                          eighteenth century as an ecosystem.                               used and misused their rivers.

                      b)  Fort Mifflin has changed its shape radically since            b)  Describe the site as having wetland and upland
                          the eighteenth century. Describe its evolution                    habitats and the differences between these.
                          from an island to its current state over the
                          intervening years. Represent the populated vs.                c)  Define and describe wetlands, touching on the
                          natural areas of the time and contrast with the                   different types and how to recognize them.
                          present day.                                                      Describe the Fort Mifflin type, tidal riverine
                                                                                            wetland, as one of richest and densest of living
                      c)  Discuss the European attitudes towards nature in                  communities outside of a tropical rain forest.
                          the eighteenth century (something to be feared,
                          mastered, used and controlled). For example, the              d)  Wetlands are critical habitat for migrating birds.
                          prevalent belief that a marsh was not only                        They produce a great deal of food and provide a
                          gloomy and unsightly but a threat to health as a                  safe haven and nesting place. Wetlands support
                          natural source of pestilence. Show how, from the                  many and diverse plant and animal species.



                                                                                 31









                        Discuss wetlands as potential links in greenway                  Interpretive Programming/Site Development
                        systems.                                                     Following is a list of strategies for incorporating
                                                                                     wayfinding and interpretive strategies with
                  e) Wetlands are crucial filters of toxic materials.                recommended site improvements:

                  3)  The Plants and Animals of Fort Mifflin:                                Reception and Orientation:
                      ne 'Plants and Animals' theme describes the                    More and better signage is required to help visitors
                      native plant species and contrasts them with                   find their way to the reception and admissions area
                      invasive species. Their value to other wildlife is             and from there to the starting point of guided or self-
                      explained as well their contribution to our                    guided tours and other interpretive programs. A new
                      understanding of the eighteenth-century                        visitor services building is proposed in the Master
                      landscape. Wildlife-attracting species and easily              Plan.
                      observable species (such as the black walnut tree,
                      which is both) are specified.                                     Screening and Refurbishing the Site:
                                                                                     Thick screens of trees and shrubs are needed to close
                      a)  Provide an overview (but not an exhaustive                 off views of the Army Corps complex to the
                          description) of the animal species that may be             northeast of Fort Mifflin. These views, unlike the
                          seen at Fort Mifflin. Include the common as                river views or even the passing aircraft, are intrusions
                          well as the spectacular. Avoid identifyirig the            on the site and obstacles to interpretation.
                          endangered species on site as such. There is               Refurbishing of housekeeping items such as the
                          concern that tins may actually encourage                   replacement of worn and tattered exhibit elements
                          interference with these plants and animals.                and labels, and re-siting the guns at the Water
                      b)  Describe the function o  f a tidal moat and                Battery are included here.
                          adaptations that selected, potentially                        Dock Entry:
                          observable plant and animal species have                   The Master Plan reconunends that the dock be
                          made to tidal fluctuation.                                 stabilized and/or restored. This could be a wonderful
                                                                                     starting point for tours. It would give visitors a clear
                      c)  Describe the encroachment and effects of                   orientation to the strategic importance of the site and
                          invasive plant species, how they got here, and             allow them to experience directly the waterway and
                          why they create a problem. Contrast this                   river views. Dock access is also important, if the site
                          with the process and value of returning                    is to develop water-borne traffic from Philadelphia.
                          natural areas to native species.
                                                                                        Tour Access:
                      d)  Note the efforts Fort Mifflin is making to                 Two points on the proposed tour route will require
                          increase the value of its green space as a                 easier access. Currently, if visitors move along the
                          wildlife habitat.                                          Water Battery from east to west, they find themselves
                                                                                     standing at the southwest rampart of the Water
                      c)  Establish a calendar of Natural Events: Fort               Battery with a somewhat difficult descent. Ile
                          Mifflifi changes with the seasons. Describe                Master Plan proposes a new wood stair in this area.
                          what one may see when returning in spring,                 Inside the Main (East) Gate, the Master Plan includes
                          summer, fall or winter. Suggest best times for             construction of a new ascent to the top of the
                          birding or seeing certain plant species in                 northeast bastion.
                          bloom, etc. This may be developed as a
                          simple handout and may be displayed in a                      Interpretive GraphieslWayside Exhibits:
                          larger format at the visitor services building.            The proposed tour route requires researching,






                                                                              32










                  planning, designing and installing sequences Of
                  interpretive graphics running from the dock or Water
                  Battery to the southeast wall of the Fort, through die
                  Idain (East) Gate and into the northeast bastion, and
                  then around the inside perimeter of the Fort, New
                  interpretive graphics (including first-person quotes)
                  should be placed in the interiors of the Casemates,
                  b4agazines, Barracks, Smithy, etc. Commemorative
                  and interpretive initiatives at the southeast wall are
                  imperative at this important comer of the site.

                          Pathways.
                  Ckher than the access points noted above, the
                  suggested tour routes are currently accessible to
                  visitors. It is recommended that stable walkways be
                  installed in the interior of the Fort in response to
                  c*ntinuing wet conditions. It is also desirable to
                  improve the perimeter path along the Fort's exterior,
                  especially along the eastern side of the Fort: the path
                  is uneven and somewhat undefined on this side of the
                  site.


                          Exhibitions, Media, andPublications:
                  Revising these elements will be complex and costly:
                  these efforts can be put on hold while the thematics
                  are being worked through. It is recommended that
                  revision of the self-guiding brochure be undertaken in
                  the near future, as this may take a significant amount
                  oftime to produce.























                                                                          33









                     Descriptive Key to Signs and Graphics
                     (see Location Plan)

                     Wayfinding Signs
                     SI       Fort Mifflin Vehicular Entrance                              GWIO     Artillery Shed
                     S2       Fort Entrance (arrow)                                        GW11     Blacksmith Shop
                     S3       Parking                                                      GW12     West Sallyport.
                     S4       Visitor Services, Ticketing (arrow)                          GW13     Powder Magazine
                     S5       Visitor Services                                             GW14     Officers' Quarters
                     S6       Daily/Weeldy Events/Orientation Map                          GW15     Soldiers' Barracks
                     S7       Administration Offices                                       GW 16* Hospital& Mess Hall
                     S8       Fort Entrance (arrow)
                     S9       Nature Trail                                                  Existing waysides may be replaced in subsequent phase
                     S10      Nature Trail
                     SII      Nature Trail
                     S12      Restrooms
                     S13      Gift Shop
                     S14      Exit/Exit Message


                     Interpretive Graphics - Historical
                     GHI      Introduction to Fort Mifflin
                     GH2      Overview of Military Situation in 1777
                     GH3      Strategic Importance of Mud Island/Coastal
                              Batteries
                     GH4      Siege - Part I
                     GH5      Siege - Part 2
                     GH6      The Original Wall
                     GH7      Overview of Reconstruction: What You See
                              Today
                     GH8      Water Battery

                     Interpretive Graphics - Environmental
                     GNI      Tidal Moat
                     GN2      Fort Mifflin Area Ecosystem: Then & Now
                     GN3      What is a Wetland?
                     GN4      Why are Wetlands Important?
                     GN5      Tidal Adaptations of Plants & Animals
                     GN6      An Island of Green/Fort Mifflin's Landscape
                              Restoration
                     GN7      Native Plants
                     GN8      Animals of Fort Mifflin
                     GN9      Seasonality

                     Existing Fort Waysides
                     GWI*     Fort Mifflin on Mud Island
                     GW2      Storehouse/Preexisting Buildings
                     GW3      Casernates or Bombproof
                     GW4*     Artillery
                     GW5      Main (East) Gate/Flag
                     GW6*     The Siege of Fort Mifflin
                     GW7      Arsenal
                     GW8      Torpedo Casemate
                     GW9      Citadel/Commandant's House



                                                                                    34








                                                                SU                                                                                                                                      FORTMIFFLIN
                                                                                                                                                                                                           *On The Delaware*

                                                                                                                                                                                                              MASTER PLAN


                                                                                                                                                                                            @'PRELIMINARY SIGNS AND GRAPHICS
                                                                                                                                                                                                         LOCATION CONCEPT


                                                                                                                                                                                             KEY


                                                j                                                                                                                                            WAYFINDING SIGNS                   SI-S14

                                        S1
                                                                                                                                                                                             INTERPRETWE GRAPI-IICS             GHI-GI18
                                                                                                                                                                                             MSTORY


                                                      lilt
                                                                                                                                                                                             14ArURAL IIISTORY                  GNI-GN9
                                                                                          GW15
                                                                                                                                                                                             E)GSTING FORT WAYSIDES             GWI-GWI6
                                                                                       -A13W 14
                                          Nut"
                                            til                                                  GNV                                                                                         Note: Symbols Indicate General Areas For Locating These
                                                                                                                                S10                                                               Graphics and Sip Types. Quantities and Specific
                                        lllli@U3                                                                                                                                      \1   i      Locations To Be Determined In A Subsequent Phase.



                                                                                                Sil                                                          2
                                                                                                                                                               GN3


                                                                                                                                                                      GN4




                                                                                                                 GN8@
                                                                                                                  0


                                                                                                                                             7
                                                                                                                           ok@ @TTTD L=  A
                                                                                                                         I    U K\I-:,  rx



                                      -1@ Rdesign inc.
                                    I
                                    SCALE: 1"=150'-O"
                                    DATE, 10/2/95



                                        NORTH            0 30          1.50








                                                    OFFSITE SIGNS LOCATION CONCEPT




                       0 Offsite Signage Required at Intersections.






                                                                     p       t4'K




                                                                                                          RTPANFr






















                                                                    ft-0






                                                              -41-    0
                                              0




                                                                                                                 DELA WARE RIVER



                                                                                      FORT NUFFLIN



                  NORTH










                          Master Plan Development Projects                         identified due to the conceptual level of planning and
                     6                                                             minimal detailed design information. Many of the
                                                                                   projects listed below can be phased over a period of
                    Work identified through the Master Plan is defined in          time, as funds are available. Volunteer labor can
                    the following chart as discrete projects which are             also be utilized as available, with an eye to reducing
                    prioritized according to immediate action, short-              construction costs.
                    term action, and long-term action projects.                    The projects listed below include only new work
                    Preliminary costs for construction of these projects           identified within the Master Plan. Current
                    have been estimated using 1995 dollars. These costs            maintenance and building restoration needs have been
                    do not include design fees. Standard contractor costs          identified by the Fort staff, and costs for their
                    are assumed for the purposes of estimating general             implementation have been addressed separately in the
                    costs. In most cases a range of cost has been                  Appendix of this document.




                    6.1 Immediate Action Projects

                    Project                                            Probable Cost Of Construction

                    1. Moat Improvements
                            Dredging                                           $60,000 - $100,000
                            Bank Stabilization                                 $40,000 - $50,000
                            Tidegate Installation                              $50,000 - $70,000

                    2. Wayfinding Sign Installation
                            Offsite Signs                                      $3,000 - $4,000
                            Onsite Signs                                       $9,000 - $13,000

                    3. Gatehouse and Entry Improvements
                            Demolition & New Gatehouse @ 100 SF.               $15,000 - $20,000
                            New Entry Gate                                     $10,0000
                            Entry Planting                                     $2,500

                    4. Visitor Parking
                            Removal of Cannonball House by Others
                            Lot Paving & Curb/Access Road/Drop-off,
                            Custom Color Asphalt Paving                        $135,000 - $165,000
                            Army Corps Edge & Ut Screen Planting               $35,000 - $50,000

                    51. Historic Fort Perimeter Parade Ground Paving
                            Unit Pavers                                        $50,000 - $75,000

                    6.. North Sallyport Access Improvements
                            Custom Color Asphalt Paving with Edging            $11,000 - $15,000



                                                                             37











                  6.2 Short-term Action Projects

                  Project                                            Probable Cost Of Construction

                  1. Improvements to Fort Mifflin Road Access
                          500 LF. planting, both sides of road                $15,000 - $25,000

                  2. Dock Reconstruction                                      $500,000

                  3. Battery Boardwalk
                          Oboardwalk, guardrail, steps                        $25,000 - $35,000

                  4. Ffistoric Fort Parapet Viewing
                          Ggravel   landing, guardrail, steps                 $10,000 - $12,000

                  5. Wood Foot Bridges
                          Torpedo Channel                                     $2,500 - $3,500
                          South Nature Trail                                  $12,000 - $15,000
                          West Sallyport                                      $20,000 - $25,000

                  6. Moat Boardwalk                                           $50,000 - $65,000

                  7. Nature Trail Access Path
                          Custom Color Asphalt                                $10,000 - $12,000

                  8. Primary Nature Trail
                          Custom Color Asphalt                                $15,000 - $20,000
                          Selective Clearing                                  $2,000 - $3,000
                          Planting                                            $30,000 - $40,000

                  9. Interpretive Signage
                          Historical Signage                                  $35,000 - $45,000
                          Environmental Signage                               $35,000 - $45,000

                  10. Self-Guiding Brochures                                  $5,000 - $10,000

















                                                                             38











                  6.3 Long-term Action Projects

                  Project                                          Probable Cost Of Construction

                  1. Visitor Services Building                              $200,000 - $225,000

                  2. Visitor Services Plaza                                 $100,000

                  3. Storehouse Restroom. Improvements                      $50,000 - $75,000

                  4. Fort Satellite Sales Shop                              $10,000 - $15,000

                  5. Secondary Nature Trails
                          Trail IlWater & Wetland
                          Gravel Path                                       $12,000 - $15,000
                          View Terrace 1 &2                                 $25,000 - S30,000
                          Selective Clearing                                $2,000
                          Planting                                          $30,000 - $40,000

                          Trail 2INative Plants
                          Gravel Path                                       $12,000 - $15,000
                          Selective Clearing                                $4,000
                          Planting                                          $50,000 - $60,000

                          Trail "ird & Berry
                          Gravel Path                                       $15,000 - $18,000
                          Selective Clearing                                $3,000
                          Planting                                          $40,000 - $50,000

                  6. Interpretive Video Program                             $50,000 - $75,000


                  7. Interpretive Audio Program                             $10,000 - $20,000

                  8. Memorial to Defenders of the Fort                      $10,000 - $20,000


















                                                                          39






          VISITOR SERVICES CENTER                                         ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

          HOSPITAL BUILDING/ FORT                                             ARAPET VIEWING                             BOAT DOCK
          ADMINISTRATION


          VISITOR SERVICES PLAZA-

          BUS DROP OFF
          BUS PARKING                                                                                                    BATTERY BOARDWALK                  FORTMIFFLIN
          VISITOR PARKING                                                                                                                                      *On The Delaware*
                                                                                                                         -PICNIC AREA
                                                                                                                                                                 MASTER PLAN

          LANDSCAPESCREEN
          NEW ARMY CORPS ENTRY -                                                                                                                         ILLUSTRATIVE MASTER PLAN
          ROAD                                                                                                           FORT P@ RY
                                                                                                    WNW


                                                   MOAT

          NEW GATEHOUSE AND
                                                                                             i
          ENTRY GATE                           Ff7TEXIT                                                                      DELAWARBRIVER
                                                                               SITOR RE
          ENTRY ROAD LANDSCAPE
          IMPROVEMENTS                                                         HISTORIC
                                                                             SATELLITE SALES/
                                                                             SHOP
                                                                                                                         NATURE TRAIL ACCESS PATH
                                                                       PA%ADE GRO
                                                                        PJAAqNG

                                                                                                                  s@ ..... .... ... .




                                                                                                                                                           A
                                                                                                                                                       711@ G TE
                                                                                                                                                       MOA_@BOARDWALK


                                                                                                                                                       PRIMARY NATURE TRAIL

                                                                                                . . . . ........
                                                                       IN


                                                                                  . . . . . . . . . ..

                                          SALLYPORT ACCESS
                                                                                                                                                       VIEWING TER-RACE


                                                          NATURE A4A
                                                                                                                                                       SE ONDARY NATURE TRAIL I




                                                                                                                                                          .. .......
                                                                                                                                                           .. ......
                                                                                                                                             ......      ...
                                                                             N@\
                                                          SECONDARY NATURF-.TRAII.
                                                                                                                                                               ... . . ..
                                                                                                                                                                i..........


                               C L Rdcsign inc.
                               SCALE: I"=150'-O"                                                                                             Ix,i:iam
                               DATE:, 10/2/95



                                  NORTH         0 50       150
                                                                                                                         SECONDARY NATURETRAIL 2







                 7   Appendix

                 The Master Plan Appendix contains various
                 documents which were instrumental as
                 background for the planning process. The detail
                 of these documents also serves as a point of
                 departure for implementation of the Master Plan
                 recommendations. Many of these documents
                 have been compiled by the staff of Fort Mifflin
                 and include summaries of Programming and
                 Activities, Education Planning through the Year
                 iOOO, and Operations and Physical Plant.
                 Attached as the final portion of the Appendix is
                 the "Environmental and Engineering Evaluation
                 offort Mifflin on the Delaware", prepared by
                 Pennoni Associates Inc. that identifies
                 environmental issues and conditions; permitting
                 considerations and requirements; and sitelmoat
                 engineering options.






























                                                                       41










                     7.1 Programming & Activities

                                                                      Visitor Information


                     Hours of Operation:

                             April I through November 30               Wednesday through Sunday
                                                                       10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

                             December I through March 30               Monday through Friday
                                                                       Performed Group Tours only

                     Admission Prices:
                             Adult:                                    $4.00
                             Children/Students:                        $2.00
                             Seniors:                                  $3.50
                             Education Programs:                       $1.00

                     Group Pricing:
                             Receptive Operator:                       $3.25 per adult
                                                                       10% discount in Sales Shop
                             Bus Tours                                 $3.50 per adult
                                                                       10% discount in Sales Shop
                             Group Leaders:                            $3.75 per adult

                     Security                                          Gate is locked from 5:00 PM to 7:00 am
                                                                       and monitored by the Army Corps of Engineers

                     Maintenance:                                      Grounds Maintenance, use of seasonals, Chief of
                                                                       Maintenance, Cleawng Crews, Volunteers and
                                                                       Community Service Corps





















                                                                             42







                 E                                                      Visitor Profile

                  Visitors to Fort Mifflin currently fall into broad identifiable groups: special event visitors, weekday and weekend
                  visitors. Visitation occurs primarily during ten months of the year - March through December. The Fort is closed
                  to, visitors on Monday and Tuesday.

                  All visitors generate ticket sales and rental foes for the Fort, with the exception of visitors for the Freedom Blast (a
                  free City-wide celebration), Mothers on Mothers Day, and Fathers on Fathers Day.

                  Following is a summary of current visitation trends, based on staff observation rather than survey figures. This
                  summary does not address seasonal trends in visitation, although the Fort staff notes an increase in visitation on
                  Simdays, and in the fall.


                                   1994 Annual Visitation                                      15,000

                                   Special Events                                                6,400
                                            Site Rentals                         500
                                            April History Alive (day)            250
                                            June/July Freedom Blast (day)        5000
                                            Oct. Garrison Days (2 days)          550
                                            Nov. Siege of 1777 (2 days)          100

                                            Nofigures generatedfor smallerprograms

                                   60% School Children                                           5,160 1 bus/day
                                            Principally grades 4 & 5
                                            40 children/bus
                                            10 months: March-Dec.
                                            Weekday visitation W-F
                                            (Dec. & March visitation M-F)
                                            Includes summer camp, groups

                                   30% Families                                                  2,580 4 cars/day
                                            Average 4/car
                                            8 months: April-Nov.
                                            Visitation: Wednesday-Sunday
                                            Heavy Sunday visitation

                                   10% Other                                                        860 27 cars/week
                                            8 months: April-Nov.
                                            Young Adults
                                            Seniors - individual & groups
                                            Bus Tours







                                                                             43














                                                            Collections and Collections Care


                            The collection policy of Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is limited to objects, artifacts, documents and books
                   related to coastal fortifications or military history with direct association to military life as it would have existed at
                   Fort Mifflin or the people who lived there. All other collections will be limited to those required for interpretation
                   of the Fort.


                            Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is only interested in exhibits reflective of the Fores history and is not
                   interested in exhibits not related to the topic.

                            In order to preserve and protect such objects, artifiLcts, documents and books, a proper storage environment
                   will be created and maintained.






                                                                Interpretive Programming


                   Current Operation

                   Presently the Fort Interpretive Staff offers regularly scheduled visitor tours at 1:00 PM and 3:00 PM on weekdays
                   and 11:00, 1:00 and 3:00 on weekends. Uniform and Weapons demonstrations are held at 2:00 PM on weekdays
                   and 10:00, 12:00 and 2:00 on weekends. Visitors may take a self-guided tour by using the Fort brochure which is
                   provided to them when adn-dssion is paid.

                   Pre-formed Groups are offered tours at 10:00, 11:00, 12:00 and 1:00.

                   The Interpretive Staff at Fort Mifflin is very knowledgeable of both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War.
                   Additionally, the guides can speak adequately on social and geographic issues, world and ethnic issues as they were
                   affected by the different wars. Their interpretation includes the buildings of the Fort, their use, evolution and
                   restoration.


                   Artillery Demonstrations are offered on Sunday afternoons and/or if paid for by a pre-formed group.

                            Pre-formed Groups:
                            'Me Fort currently offers two different programs: Revolutionary War and Civil War. Future programn-dng
                            should include the quasi 1798 Naval Battle with France and the War of 1812 and Ethnic Military Mstory.

                            Each tour includes:
                                   Tour of the Fort
                                   Description of the Battle of 1777
                                   Uniform and Weapons Demonstration

                   Groups can request a cannon demonstration at $20.00 and/or a Treasure Hunt at $20.00 for the first 30 children
                   under seven.





                                                                           44










                                                Interpretive Programming (continued)



                Anticipated Future Operation

                Additional tours will include:


                       Architecture
                               Historic Fort Architecture
                               Military Archimure
                               Coastal Fortification Architecture


                       Exhibits
                               71e Building of Fort Mifflin - The Montressor Papers
                               The Siege of Fort Mifflin
                               Artifacts and Historic Archaeology
                               The Commandant's House
                               IMe French Connection to Fort Mifflin
                               Uniforms of America's Military
                               Environmental Pressures


                       Environmental
                               Self-Guided tour of Flora and Fauna
                               Waysides explaining wooded and wedand area
                               River Walk
                               Bicycle Path as part of Schuylkill River Heritage Park

                       Living History
                               Music Programming
                               Period Re-enactors - War of 1812, Revolutionary War, Civil War
                               Role Playing of Characters from Historic Periods
                               Stage Interpretation of Historic Events and Personages



















                                                                   45










                                                                 Educational Programming


                   The objective of the education program is to make the Fort more interactive for students and to facilitate their
                   understanding of how history plays a real and significant part in people's lives. Additionally, the goal is to help
                   students understand preservation issues along with historical and human issues.

                   Education Programs are offered to pre-formed groups seeking specific programming during the time period of
                   Monday through Friday. Programs are designed for particular age groups and involve lecture, discussion and
                   hands-on activities. An Education Coordinator organizes and directs the educational activities. The Education
                   Committee, made up of Bodard Members and other interested parties (largely associated with the Philadelphia
                   School District) is involved in the creation of an Education Plan and meets regularly.

                          Cost of Education Programs: $1.00 in addition to normal admission
                          Programming will begin in September of 1994

                          Working Themes (Autumn 1994):

                                   19th Century Medical Program (Blood, Sweat and Tears)
                                   Multi-cultural role playing (World of Diversity, A Common Cause)
                                   Flag Program - lEstory of the American Flag, Regimental Flags (Old Glory)
                                   Environmental - Mapping, water testing, etc. (FORTscapes)
                                   Architecture for Young Folks (Fort FUNdamentals)

                          Teachers will be provided with pre and post visit activities.

                          Additional Programming:

                                   Science and Engineering
                                   Women - Family Life and Military
                                   W.W.1 and W.W.11
                                   Summer Hstory Camp
                                   Lecture Series
























                                                                         46















                                                                     Other Activities




                 Current Volunteer Activities


                          Re-enactment/Activity
                          The Mifflin Guard                         300 members
                          W.W.1 Re-enactors                         75 members
                          War of 1812                               Fort McHenry Guard
                          Old Fort Mifflin Historical
                                  Society                           12 members
                          Crew of the Victoria                      10 members (Naval Programs)
                          Battery B 1st PA Artillery               9 members

                          Maintenance/Administrative
                          Bell Pioneers                             200 members
                          US Butte                                  100 members
                          US National Guard
                          Various Boy/Girl Scout Troops
                          Community Service Corps
                          Young Marines

                          Facility Rentals
                          -       Corporate Retreats
                          -       Fundraising Activities
                          -       Company Picnics
                          -       Reunions
                          -       Military Reunions

                          Auxiliary Services
                          -       Food Service
                          -       Vending Machines
                          -       Sales
                          -       Acoustiguide
                          -       Changing Exhibit Gallery
                          -       Video


















                                                                           47
 










                                                                 Special Events Programming


                    Currently Fort Mifflin hosts four annual special events which are considered the core of the interpretive
                    programming of the Fort. These events specifically commemorate the most significant points of the Fort's history.
                    The one exception is the Freedom Blast which is sponsored by the City of Philadelphia as part of the Freedom
                    celebration of July 4th.

                                                       ffistory Alive                     -      April
                                                       Freedom Blast!                     -      July
                                                       Civil War Garrison Days            -      October
                                                       Siege of 1777                      -      November

                    In addition to the above, the Fort also hosts other events throughout the season but not on a regular date basis
                    which are supplementary to the interpretation of the Fort:

                                                       Artillery Programs                 -      June, July, August, Sept.
                                                       Summer Music Programs              -      July, August
                                                       War of 1812                        -      September
                                                       Civil War Naval Program            -      April, July
                                                       School of the Musician             -      April, May, Oct., Nov.
                                                       School for Artillery               -      Spring
                                                       Revolutionary Garden Party         -      May

                                                       (these dates may vary from year to year)

                    Special occasion events will include:

                                                       VE Day Commemoration                      May, 1995
                                                       Fund-raiser (Annual)
                                                       World War I
                                                       African-American Military
                                                       Experiences
                                                       Civil War Wedding                         September 1994
                                                       1996 - 225th Anniversary of the
                                                       Building of Fort Mifflin
                                                       2002 - 225th Anniversary of the
                                                       Siege of Fort Mifflin












                                                                               48








                                                                Marketing                                     -77


               Goah                   Increase visitation at a rate of 35% per year through the year 2005
                                      Increase revenue generatedper person to $5. 00 by year 1996

               Challenge:             Create Greater Recognition and Visibility Among Tourists and
                                      Local Residents


               Strategy:      I       Inclusion of Fort Mifflin in all publications relating to tourism,
                                      historic sites, educational venues, environmental interests, special events,
                                      sites of interest, etc.
                              2.      Maintaining stack brochures and other pertinent information at areas of
                                      high public visibility
                              3.      Develop and maintain relationship with bus tours leaders, group leaders,
                                      hotels, receptive operators, convention and visitor bureaus
                              4.      Use of newspapers, magazines and television in the most optimal way
                                      for increased visibility
                              5.      Participation in local events recognizing historic/Philadelphia sites
                              6.      Alignment with Historic Philadelphia and the Historic Neighborhood
                                      Consortium, Schuylkill River Heritage Park, Delaware River Heritage
                                      Park, the Schuylkill River Coalition, Tri-State Coalition of Historic Places.

               Challenge:             Expand Programming to Increase Visit Desirability

               Strategy:      I -     Selective use of special event programming
                              2.      Creation of living history program on daily basis
                              3.      Initiation of Historic Lecture Series
                              4.      Continuation of "Fiddlin' At the Fort" music series
                              5.      Use of permanent and rotating exhibits
                              6.      Continuation of small weekend events


               Challenge:             Improve and Increase Accessibility to Site

               Strategy:      I -     Improved road signage
                              2.      Renaming of Island Avenue to Fort Mifflin Road
                              3.      Initiation of Ferry tour:
                                             - Fort to Fort
                                             - Schuylkill River
                                             - Delaware River
                              4.      Increase in Bus Tour visitation
                              5.      Cooperative effort with train operators







                                                                  49











                                                     Surrounding Influences & Collaborative Efforts


                    Philadelphia International Airport
                    The Philadelphia International Airport, Fort Mifflin's neighbor to the west, is currently executing plans for
                    expansion of their commuter runway. This proposed area will run directly north of the Airport and west-northwest
                    of Fort Mifflin. In order to secure the Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission's approval of the runway
                    and mitigate any concerns over infringement on historic property or damage to buildings, the Airport has agreed to
                    provide a certain amount of monetary compensation to the Fort which will provide funding for underground wiring
                    outside the Fort, repair of the sluicegate, and sewer connection into the Army Corps line. Currently the Fort is
                    working with the Philadelphia Department of Recreation and the Water Department to determine an equitable
                    means of payment for maintenance of the connection. The project will rcroute the large plane approach over the
                    southern end of the Fort site and will impact alignment of roadways in the area.

                    USArmy Corps of Engineers
                    The Army Corps controls the area along the river directly east and north of the historic Fort. Their interaction with
                    the Fort is limited, however, they do provide gate secunty, overflow parking area, dock privileges and snow
                    removal to the old Fort. Coffection to the Corp's surface water runoff situation is being negotiated. A plan has
                    been prepared to provide for relocation of the Corp's entry road, affording Fort Mifflin a private vehicular entry
                    that can be controlled and monitored, particularly when the Fort is closed to visitors.

                    Delaware RiverlSchuylkill River Ferry
                    Historically, the Delaware River was the only way to get to Fort Mifflin. Cuffently, due to the deteriomted
                    condition of the dock there is no easy access to the site from the river. However, there is cuffent movement by Fort
                    Mifflin on the Delaware to restore the dock and create a river trip from Penn's Landing in Philadelphia to Deptford,
                    NJ (location of historic Fort Mercer) and sites along the Schuylkill River.

                    United Parcel Service
                    UPS is located approximately two miles southwest of the Fort. Fort Mifflin on the Delaware's objective is to
                    develop a stronger "neighborhood" relationship with UPS.

                    Southeast Water Treatntent Plant
                    Just northwest of the Fort, this site causes significant odor when the winds are blowing south. This only happens
                    occasionally, however, it could prove to be a long term concern as it could affect the Fort's ability to attract
                    corporate meetings, receptions, and other site rentals. According to local historians, there are the remains of British
                    batteries constructed during the Siege of Fort Mifflin located on the property.

                    The Schuylkill River Bike Trail
                    In process for 30 years, the Schuylkill River Bike Trail will run from Reading, PA to Fort Nfifflin, and is
                    significantly completed in parts. It is anticipated that the trail will reach to the vehicular entry of Fort Mifflin
                    within the next 10 years.










                                                                              50










                                       Surrounding Influences & Collaborative Efforts (continued)

                 Eqrt Arifflin Boulevard
                 In order to have Fort directional signage placed on 1-95, it is necessary to account for 200,000 visitors per year on
                 site. Since Fort Mifflin does not yet accommodate this amount of tourists, an alternative is to have Island Avenue,
                 south of SR291, renamedto Fort Mifflin Boulevard. With this in place road/directional signage can then be
                 installed on 1-95 in place of signs now reading 'Island Avenue'. Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is in the process of
                 gathering preliminary approval and approaching the appropriate politicians. Some resistance to this concept has
                 been encountered. Chief among the objections are the historic nature of the existing name, as well as the cost and
                 inconvenience to Island Avenue businesses resulting from an address change. It is considered a possibility that the
                 road could be double-named.


                 Signage
                 In order to facilitate the arrival of visitors to the site and guide them once they are at the Fort a signage plan and
                 execution is under way. The Philadelphia Streets Department has signaled their agreement to help with sign
                 fabrication and placement for street signs. Onsite signs will be created to identify ticket prices, sales shop, parking,
                 accessible parking, hours of operation and other necessary information.

                 Forts and Other )WIfitary Sites
                 Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is eager to develop working relationships with other forts in the area, including Forts
                 Mercer, Delaware and Mott. Contact has been made with Forts Mercer and Delaware to begin programmatic
                 initiatives and share information. Fort Mercer will participate in joint programming when the river ferry is
                 initiated.


                 Fort Delaware has expressed interest in creating an afl-day tour which would involve tours, overnight stays, eating
                 and other tourist allracfion initiatives.

                 Brandywine Battlefield is currently working on a Revolutionary War Tour which will include the Fort.

                 River Sites
                 Collaborative efforts are under way with Bartram's Gardens in regards to the Revolutionary Garden Party, Guns
                 and Roses Tour, and Guns and Gardens. Future plans include the river tour which will also encompass the
                 Waterworks at the Art Museum.


                 Historic Attractions
                 Affiliation with other historic sites such as those located in the Historic Mile in Philadelphia will benefit this site
                 enonnously in regard to exposure, networking and fundraising.

                 Cannonball House
                 The Philadelphia Historic Commission has been requested to dismantle and remove the Cannonball House from
                 Fort Mifflin, as this building is not part of the site's historic structures and is in disrepair.

                 Airport Shuttle Bus
                 The introduction of shuttle to transport visitors between the Airport and the Fort is under discussion.






                                                                        .51










                  7.2 Operations& Physical Plant

                                                                       Staffing




                  Current Staffing:

                          Executive Director
                          Development Consultant (part time -full time)
                          Bookkeeper (Consultant)
                          Office Assistant
                          Education Director
                          Marketing Assistant (PT)
                          Chief of Maintenance
                          Interpretive Guides (2)

                  Anticipated Staffing:

                          Executive Director
                          Marketing Director
                          Development Director
                          Education Director
                          Volunteer Coordinator
                          Chief of Interpretation
                          Interpretive Guides (2)
                          Chief of Maintenance
                          Maintenance Seasonals (2)
                          Administrative Assistant
                          Bookkeeper (Consultant)
                          Sales Clerk (Volunteer)
                          Admissions Clerk (Volunteer)





















                                                                        52







                E                                                      Maintenance

                  Statement of Intent
                  Due to the establishment of Fort Mifflin on the Delaware, Inc., Fort Mifflin is now in a stabilized condition, for the
                  first time since its decommissioning. The following list prepared by Fort Mifflin staff addresses the maintenance
                  issues for each building. Priority assignments have been identified as:

                          Life and Safety Issues            Property Loss                              Prevention

                  Personnel
                          Chief of Maintenance              Service Personnel
                          Seasonal                          Bell Telephone Pioneers of America
                          Community Service Corps           Volunteer Program

                  Funding
                  Future development issues include the "Adopt a Building" concept to allow for one or more groups to make
                  contributions in support of a particular building. To date, the following buildings have been sponsored:

                          Blacksmith Shop:                  Military Order of Foreign Wars             $1,000
                          Officer's Quarters:               Sons of Cincinnati                         $2,500

                  Use of volunteers, donated goods and services from local businesses, and diverting current income to individual
                  projects will help with the immediate maintenance needs of the site.

                  Maintenance Schedules
                          Building         Lime and Ochre                             every two years
                                           Whitewash                                  every two years
                                           Pillar Replacement                         approximately every ten years
                                           Cleaning                                   once a month
                                           Painting (shutters/doors)                  every two years
                          Brick Drain - Fort Walls - Seawall Maintenance
                                           Weeding/Application of Weed Killer         once a year
                                           Pointing                                   every five to ten years
                          Moat             Cleaning                                   once a year
                                           Dredging                                   needed immediately, then intermittently
                          Parking Lot
                                           Leveling and Restoning                     every year, if not paved
                          Road
                                           Repaving                                   repair as needed
                          Parade Grounds/Demilune/Hospital Area
                                           Cutting                                    once a week in season
                                           Reseeding                                  as necessary
                          Nature Walk      Pruning and Clearing                       once a year, or as needed

                                                                            53












                                                                                  Restoration Projects


                        Over the years, several studies have been prepared for Fort Mifflin, directed specifically toward the assessment and
                        restoration of historic structures. CLR did not carry out any historic structure survey as part of their physical
                        master plan assignment. The following is a summary of restoration project status prepared by others for these
                        historic structures, as well as iriftastructure improvements needed on the property.

                        Building                      Status                        Funds               Funds               Time Line
                                                                                    Available           Needed



                        HospitaMess Hall              Restored
                                                      Maintenance Required*                             SIO'000             1995 - Fall

                        Officer's Quarters            Restored
                                                      Requires electrical work
                                                      Maintenance Required-         $2,500                                  Completed

                        Soldices' Barracks
                                 First Floor          Restored
                                  Second Floor        Unrestored                    None                                    None


                        Storehouse                    Restored


                        Casemate # I                  Maintenance Required*         Airport             $0                  1995 - Fall
                        Casemate #2                   Maintenance Required*         Airport             volunteer
                        Casemate #3                   Maintenance Required*         Airport             labor
                        Casemate #4                   Maintenance Required*         Airport
                        Casemate #5                   Maintenance Required*         Airport
                        Bakeoven                      Maintenance Rquired*          $1,000

                        Artillery Shed                Restored
                                                      Maintenance Required*                                                 1995 -Fall

                        Blacksniith!s Shop            Restored
                                                      Maintenance Required*         $1,000                                  Completed

                        Powder Magazine               Maintenance Required*                             so                  Completed w/volunteers

                        Water Battery                 Unrestored

                        North Sallyport               Unrestored

                        East Sallyport                Unrestored

                        Northwest Sallyport           Unrestored

                        Commandant's House            Unrestored                    $160,000            $1.2 million        In Process


                        Sub Total Funds Available                                   $164,500
                        Sub Total Funds Needed                                                          $1,210,000




                                                                                            54







                     E                                          RESTORATION PROJECTS, continued

                     Building                     Status                        Funds              Funds               Time Line
                                                                                Available          Needed


                     Torpedo Casemate             Restored
                                                  Maintenance Needed*                              so                  Completed w/volunteers

                     Fort Walls                   Restored
                                                  Maintenance Needed                               $125,000            None


                     Total Funds Available                                      $164,500
                     Total Funds Needed                                                            S1,335,000


                       Maintenance required approximately every two to three years


                     E                                                 Other Improvements Needed

                     Improvement                  Status                        Funds              Funds
                     Electrical Rehab.                                          Available          Needed
                     - Underground Wires          Pending                       so                 Completed by City
                              Phase I
                     - Building Distribution      Pending                                          Completed by City
                              Phase H
                     - Casemate Distribution      Not Scheduled                                    Completed by City
                              Phase M


                     Sewer                        Not Scheduled                 none

                     Watertight Casemates         Not Scheduled                 none               $126,000

                     Moat                         Dredging Needed               none               $200,000

                     Sluicegate                   Repairs needed                none

                     Road Relocation              Pending

                     Seawall                      Repairs needed                none               $6,000

                     Dock                         Major Repairs                 none               $200,000

                     Total Funds Available                                      so
                     Total Funds Needed (as known)                                                 S532,000






                                                                                       55





                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                 7.3 Education Plan Fiscal Years 1995 - 2000
                 The following document was prepared by Fort                                                                    
                 Mifflin on the Delaware:
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                   56                                                                                                                                                                                        
 























                                 FORT MIFFLIN ON THE DELAWARE
                                            EDUCATION PLAN





                                                 Fiscal Years
                                                  1995-2000




                    November 7, 1994
                    Lori Dillard
                    Education Director











                                                    INTRODUCTION


                       Education programs play an important role in fulfilling the mission of Fort
                       Mifflin. "To educate and enrich students and families" is the primary goal of
                       the education plan in order to engage learning. and involve people, and to
                       help insure the preservation and understanding of this important historical
                       resource.


                       The following education plan provides an outline and direction for the
                       Education Program during the period of January 1995 to December 2000. In
                       addition, it sets a direction by identifying programs and strategiescurrently
                       under consideration for possible application and execution. The following
                       strategies are not exclusive of other options, not mentioned here, that may
                       be considered at another time. Target date schedules are also subject to
                       change.

                       Education programming at Fort Mifflin is a complement to but separate
                       from Interpretive Programming. Interpretive Programming includes tours
                       of the Fort , uniform and weapons demonstrations, and special event '                    I
                       programming. Education programming, although it is frequently combined
                       with Interpretive Programming, is considered a separate entity. .

                       A review date of April 1995 will address any'needed changes to this
                       document.











                                               EDUCATION GOALS



                     I.

                     To position Fort Mifflin as the destination of choice for every regional school
                     district's field trip schedule.




                     Develop and implement educational programs that define Fort Mifflin as a
                     National Historical Landmark and a diverse resource for military,
                     architectural, 18th century and 19th century history.


                     III.

                     Develop and implement educational programs that utilize Fort Mifflin as a
                     rich environmental resource.











                                             EDUCATION OBJECTIVES



                      ï¿½ Develop a range of educational programs that address and complement
                         the region's school curriculum.


                      ï¿½ Develop support materials that complement education programming at
                         Fort Mifflin.


                      ï¿½  Provide education programs to an audience consisting of children, adults,
                         seniors and families.


                      ï¿½  Increase visitation through quality programs that will bring in new
                         audiences and promote repeat visitation.


                      ï¿½  Increase regional educators' awareness of the Fort and its history.












                                          EDUCATION OBJECTIVES



                    0     C E:

                    Develop a range of educational programs that address.and complement the
                    region's school curriculum.



                    CURRENT PROGRAM:

                    The following education programs are provided independently or combined
                    with an optional interpretative tour of Fort Mifflin. Each education
                    program lasts one hour and consists of a lecture, hands-on activities and
                    discussion.


                                       Grade level: Kindergarten - 3rd grade

                          FORT FUNdamentals
                          An exploration of the Fort's architecture

                    This program will teach FUNdamental features of buildings and
                    architecture while students explore the texture, materials, shapes,
                    construction, function, and decoration of the'diverse architecture of the Fort.
                    Using pre-cut shapes, students make a collage of their -own FORTscape.



                                              Grade level: 4th - 7th

                          A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE AND A COMMON PURSUIT
                          Ethnic Diversity During the Revolutionary War

                    Students explore the important role ethnic groups played in shaping our
                    nation. Students discover the diverse culture of the colonies and how these
                    groups came together as one, a voice united for Liberty, while re-enacting
                    the roles of historical figures who contributed to the Revolutionary War.

                          STARS AND STRIPES: The Story of the American Flag

                          Students learn about the hisiory of our American flag, from the
                    British Union Jack, to colonial and regimental flags. Students discover the
                    real story behind "Old Glory". Students then attend our flag workshop and
                    make their own flag with symbols to represent themselves.











                     CURRENT PROGRAM, Continued



                                          Grade level: 5th - 12th grade

                          BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS
                          An Examination of Medical Practices ofthe 19th Century

                     Students examine a doctors kit and learn about surgeons serving during the
                     Civil War as they explore the common medical practices of the 19th century.
                     Activities include prescribing treatment to an ailing soldier.

                          FORTscapes: An Environmental Look at Fort Mifflin

                     Using Fort Mifflin's surrounding natural environment and its location on
                     the Delaware River, students develop an awareness of man's alteration of
                     the environment and its effect on topography and nature. Activities include
                     map reading -and water testing.



                     FUTURE PROGRAM:

                     The following proposed actions will be implemented within the next five
                     years. Two historical periods are emphasized in the programming,
                     Revolutionary War and Civil War.*

                     Starting September 1995 at lea3t one new program will be implemented every
                     new school year, from 1995 to 2000. Therefore, -five new programs will be
                     iinplemented during that time.


                     ï¿½ REMEMBER THE LADIES
                          The Contribution Woman Made in the Revolutionary War

                     ï¿½ ON THE LOOM AND IN THE FACTORY
                          Working Women in the 1800s

                     ï¿½ HOMESPUN BLUE AND GRAY
                          The Role of Women in the Civil War

                     ï¿½ FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM
                          African-American Program

                     ï¿½ BROTHERS AT WAR
                          Ethnic Diversity in the Civil War

                     ï¿½ PRIVATE YANKEE DOODLE
                          Diary Activity

                     ï¿½ 18th CENTURY MEDICINE



                                                       6











                  FUTURE PROGRAM, Continued


                  ï¿½ OUT WITH THE OLD AND IN WITH THE NEW
                       Comparing objects of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries

                  ï¿½ THE DELAWARE RIVER: A MAJOR HIGHWAY IN THE 1700s
                       Travel, Commerce and Shipping on the Delaware River

                  * THE ENGINEERING FEAT OF FORT MIFFLIN



                  *Some of the programs will be similar in theme but adapted to each of the
                  two historical periods, 18th and 19th century, to provide more options to
                  teachers.











                      OBJECTIVE:

                      Develop support materials that complement education programiriing at Fort
                      Mifflin.


                      CURRENT PROGRAM:

                      Teacher materials accompany each program with pre-'and post'visit
                      activities to be conducted in the classroom by the teacher to enhance
                      learning and Fort programming. Packets for each program are provided for
                      this purpose.


                      FUTURE PROGRAM:

                      Materials will be developed to compliment each new program as they are
                      implemented.

                         Develop teacher materials for each new program and publish for
                         distribution to teachers.


                      Starting in 1997, funding will be pursued to develop audio-visual
                      presentations.

                         Produce slide presentations to use as an introduction to specific
                         education programs.


                      Beginning in 1997, funding will be pursued for self-guided teaching
                      materials.

                         Develop a walking brochure\handout to coincide with the nature walk
                         rehabilitation and environmental initiatives at the Fort. The handout
                         will encourage visitors to explore the Fort's natural surroundings and
                         learn more about its environmental history.











                     OBJECTIVE:

                     Provide education programs to an audience consisting of children, adults,
                     seniors, and families.



                     CURRENT PROGRAM:

                     Programming at Special Events, such as living history demonstrations, and
                     children's games and activities, currently address some of the needs in this
                     area. However, event programming is the responsibility of Interpretation
                     and not that of Education.

                     Note: This does not exclude the possibility of adding education programs to
                     Special Events in the future.



                     FUTURE PROGRAM:


                     Initiated in Sunnner 1995 to be continued through 2000.

                     * Summer History Camp:.

                     Implement three camp sessions to last one week each, Monday - Friday from
                     10:00 - 4:00. Day camps will provide hands-on lessons -in an active and fun
                     summer camp environment. The camp will educate groups of young people
                     not necessarily targeted through schools and other youth group
                     organizations.

                            Suggested Camp:

                            The camp will be set up similar to an army training camp
                            (except it will be much more fun). Kids will be recruited,
                            enlisted and then fall into roll call. The young recruits upon
                            entering the garrison, will be given a tour of their facilities.

                            Each day will include activities that Revolutionary War soldiers
                            had to participate in, such as preparing for battle, musket
                            drills, making cartridges, mending clothes, cooking, writing
                            letters, making candles, etc. At the end of the camp, each of the
                            good soldiers will be promoted to Private First Class in a
                            ceremony that parents will be invited to attend.











                      Mother's Day, May 14, 1995. Program will coincide with National Wetlands
                      Month and marketing efforts, mothers will be admitted free of charge. The
                      program will continue on each Mother's Day through the year 2000.

                      Father's Day, June 18, 1995. Program will coincide with Flag Day and
                      marketing efforts, fathers will be admitted free of charge. The program will
                      continue on each Father's Day through the year 2000.


                         Family Programs

                      Implement weekend programs designed for families, where parents and
                      their children are encouraged to participate together in hands-on learning.
                      Programs will be thematic and may or may not coincide with special events.
                      Special programs for Mother's Day and Father's Day are of particular
                      interest where activities are developed to enhance the parent\child
                      relationship as well as learning at Fort Mifflin.



                      Starting in 1996, funding will be pursued for adult education initiatives.

                         Lecture Series

                      Plan weekend or evening lectures to promote continuing adult education and
                      interest of topics relating to Fort Mifflin, the Revolutionary War period and
                      Civil War period.



                      Starting in 1998, funding will be pursued for senior education programs.

                         Senior Groups

                         Collaborate with Elder hostels, to provide a site where a lecture or visit
                         to Fort Mifflin is part of their schedule.

                         Design lecture series especially suited for an elder audience to be held
                         during the day.

                         Develop outreach programs for community groups and nursing homes.

                         Plan workshops held during the -day, that would teach a craft or pastime.











                                                           10











                     OBJECTIVE:

                     Increase regional educators. awareness of the Fort and its history.


                     CURRENT PROGRAM:

                     Education Brochure

                     A three-fold brochure that advertises and describes the education program.
                     Education brochures are mailed to all area schools and youth group
                     organizations, within a 100 mile radius, describing and promoting Fort
                     Mifflin's education programs.

                     Curriculum Fairs

                     Information booths set up to distribute brochures and information about
                     Fort Mifflin to teachers and youth organizations.

                     Flyers

                     Additional information about the Fort's education program used as a ha nd-
                     out to walk-in visitors, mailings and requests for information.

                     Corporate Packages

                     Press Packages



                     FUTURE PROGRAM:

                     Continuing efforts /r0771 January 1, 1995 through December 31, 2000.

                     The following actions will be performed in conjunction with the Marketing
                     efforts of Fort Mifflin:

                     ï¿½  Mail press releases to all area newspapers announcing new education
                        initiatives.

                     ï¿½  Mail press releases to all area newspapers announcing special education
                        programs.

                     ï¿½  Annually, as an overview, announce education programs and activities
                        to members and people on the Fort's general mailing list.

                     ï¿½  Make announcements in the Fort Quartffly and other organization
                        newsletters.

                     ï¿½  Distribute printed materials at conventions and fairs.

                     ï¿½  Make oral presentations to principals, community organizations, PTA
                        meetings and other appropriate venues.










                     FUTURE PROGRAM, Continued


                     ï¿½ Expand mailing list to include homeschoolers to distribute information
                        and education program brochures.

                     ï¿½ Approach local and regular public service organizations for air time,










































                                                        12













                                          SUPPORTING RESOURCES




                                                  PERSONNEL


                    CURRENT PERSONNEL:

                       Professional Staff

                          Education Director

                    The Education Director is responsible for the development and execution of
                    education programming as defined within the education mission and goals of
                    Fort Mifflin.

                    The Education Director will report directly to the Executive Director and
                    will work in conjunction with the Interpretive Guides of Fort Mifflin and the
                    Marketing personnel.



                    FUTURE PERSONNEL:


                    Additional staff may be needed as programs'expand and visitation increases.

                       PROFESSIONAL

                          Education Assistant/Coordinator

                    Primary responsibilities will be to work with the Education Director to help
                    implement school and youth programs, a summer history camp and family
                    programs. In addition, he/she will schedule tours and education programs,
                    and perform related tasks.

                    The Education Assistant will report directly to the Education Director and
                    will work in conjunction with the Interpretive Guides of Fort Mifflin.


                       SEASONAL/PART TIME

                          Summer History Camp Assistant

                    Primary responsibilities will be to help staff plan and implement a summer
                    history camp including recruiting visitation, designing activities and
                    conducting the program.

                    This position will be necessary if the program expands; based on demand
                    and interest, requiring an increase in available weeks of camp and campers
                    admitted.




                                                       13










                      FUTURE PERSONNEL, Continued

                         VOLUNTEERS

                            Volunteer Activity Guide

                      Volunteer guides are responsible, in conjunction with the Education
                      Director, for conducting school and youth group education programs and
                      providing office support as needed.

                      The Volunteer Activity Guide will report directly to the Education Director
                      and will work in conjunction with the Interpretive Guides of Fort Mifflin.

                            Volunteer Summer History Camp Counselor

                      Camp Counselors will work with staff to direct camp activities and help with
                      daily preparations and clean up.

                      Camp Counselors will report directly to the Education Director.



                                              STAFF DEVELOPMENT


                      Training

                      Staff are encouraged to participate in field trips, attend local lectures, visit
                      historical sites and attend conferences and workshops -for professional
                      development and enrichment. A small budget will be set aside for travel and
                      registration fee costs.

                      Volunteers will be trained for specific tasks on an individual basis.
                      Volunteers are encourage to follow the same goals for enrichment as the
                      staff.

                      Annual field trips to other institutions will be arranged for the staff to
                      increase awareness of other programs and to offer improvement of our own.



                      Membership

                      Staff are encouraged to obtain individual memberships to regional and
                      national organizations that serve historic sites and museum education. Fort
                      Mifflin will maintain organizational memberships to selected local, regional,
                      and national organizations.








                                                          14












                                                  FACILITIES

                    Fort Mifflin consists of 13 restored and interpreted buildings. Although all
                    of the buildings and spaces can be used for lessons, the primary space will be
                    a 19th century mess-hall that provides ample room for tables, set up and
                    movement. Future activities may require a 'Space for AV presentations.



                                                 EVALUATION.


                    CURRENT PROGRAM:

                    None




                    FUTURE PROGRAM:

                    Beginning January 1, 1995 the following actions will be implemented.

                    ï¿½  Design an evaluation survey to be given to every teacher or contact
                       person who books an education program.

                    ï¿½  Record numbers who participate in each program from year to year as a
                       comparison.

                    ï¿½  Prepare an easy evaluation card to hand out to participating students
                       asking how they liked the program they received. These would be
                       handed out to groups randomly.

                    ï¿½  Design an evaluation survey for teacher materials to be included in every
                       packet.




















                                                        15











                                                      AP.PENDIX




                                            ADMISSION INFORMATION




                      Teachers will choose one of the 'following options:


                            Interpretive Tour/Uniforms and Weapons Demonstration
                            Education Program and Activity                           $2.00
                                                                              perstudent

                            Interpretive Tour/Uniforms and Weapons Demonstration
                                                                                     $1.00
                            Education Program and Activity                    per student
                                                                                     $1.00
                                                                              per student


                            Teachers and Chaperones
                                                                                     $4.00
                                                                              per person
                                                                                     or
                                                                                     $3.00
                                                                              per person (if there
                                                                              is I chaperone per
                                                                              every 10 students)




                      Fees ivill be assessed each year for rate increases.
















                                                           16





 
 
              7.4 Environmental& Engineering Evaluation
             The following document was prepared by
              Pennoni Associates.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                             57
 
 







               Pennoni Associates Inc.
                                       1600 Callowhill Street, Philadelphia, PA 19130, Tek 215-561-0460, Fax: 215-496-0063

                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal                                   August 9, 1995
                   CLR Design, Inc.
                   115 North Third Street
                   Philadelphia, PA 19106

                   Re:   Fort Mifflin on the Delaware
                         Philadelphia, PA
                         Environmental and Engineering Evaluation
                         CLRR-92A7.004.01


                   Dear Mr. Rodgers:

                   In accordance with our proposal M100, dated January 25, 1995, and revised March
                   20, 1995, Pennoni Associates Inc. is pleased to present this letter report of our
                   environmental and engineering evaluation for Fort Mifflin on the Delaware ("Fort
                   Mifflin"). The following numbering system follows the Scope as presented in the
                   proposal.


                   INTRODUCTION


                   Pennoni Associates Inc. was contracted to provide environmental consultations.
                   Within the services to be provided are inventories of vegetation, wildlife and aquatic
                   species, a preliminary wetland evaluation, summarization of various environmental
                   permits that are associated with proposed improvements, identification of impacts
                   associated with the sluice gate repair and dredging of the moat, and an evaluation of
                   dredging alternatives.

                   Fort Mifflin is a 40 acre tract situated between the Delaware River and Philadelphia
                   International Airport in Philadelphia, PA. This area was developed in the 1770's for
                   military purposes. A review of the landscape indicates that there has been minimal
                   recontouring of the land since it's original development. The nature area of the tract
                   (southern side) can be characterized as successional woods, with secondary growth
                   hardwoods overgrowing the historic Batteries.



                   1.1          VEGETATIVE INVENTORY

                   Pennoni Associates Inc. preformed on-site inspections at Fort Mifflin during April and
                   May 1995. Table 1 is a listing of vegetation identified on-site, with both the common
                   and scientific species. A Vegetative Association Plan has been prepared, depicting
                   the dominant vegetative associations. Impact to the each associations has been
                   identified by the proposed activities (nature trail, new crossing of moat, boardwalk,
                   vegetative removal in moat, dredging of moat, long term maintenance of moat and
                   interior site drainage improvements).




                                                     Consulting Engineers










                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   August 9, 1995
                   Page 2


                   1.1.1              BACKGROUND

                   Fort Mifflin has been in existence since 1772 and was used by the Army until the
                   1950's. With the long standing development of Fort Mifflin and surrounding areas,
                   the vegetation is indicative of disturbed areas. The nature area supports the High
                   Battery and Mortar Battery built in 1871 on what was historically Hog Island. A first
                   successional forested area occupies the majority of the uplands beyond the Fort
                   proper.


                   The wetiand vegetation is also indicative of disturbance, but of a more recent nature.
                   The dominant species, common reed and rice cutgrass, occupy not only a large area
                   at Fort Mifflin, but the historic Delaware Estuary in lower Philadelphia/upper Delaware
                   Counties.


                   There is open water, with limited vegetative species associated with Fort Mifflin's
                   moat. The dominate species in this area are arrow arum and blatter wort.

                         The Delaware River is a slightly vegetated estuary at Fort Mifflin.

                   1.1.2     . VEGETATIVE AREAS - refer to Vegetative Association Plan (Figure 1)

                         1.1.2.1      Black Cherry - AREA A

                         The 4.5 acre portion of the property south of the moat and east of the
                         wetlands is a forested upland area dominated by secondary growth black cherry
                         with some sassafras and common sumac interspersed throughout. Black cherry
                         is also found growing on top of the High Battery and Mortar Battery. Dense
                         understories of wild rose are located throughout this area.

                                1.1.2.1.1. Projectimpacts

                               The nature trail will extend through this region. Some selective clearing
                               of trees, understory and herbaceous species may be required to
                               construct and maintain the trail.


                         1.1.2.2      Common Reed - AREA B

                         There are two large areas of common reed with some smaller areas in low lying
                         portions of the property. This combined five (5) acre area is very thick and
                         tends to dominate, restricting other species from establishing themselves.










                John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                CLRR-92A7.004.01
                August 9, 1995
                Page 3


                              1.1.2.2.1    Project Impacts

                              The nature trail boardwalk coming from the Sally Port will cover a 10'
                              wide strip of Common Reed adjacent to the moat. It is desirable to
                              replace Common Reed with more valuable wetland species.

                       1.1.2.3       Rice Cutgrass - AREA C

                       A small pocket of rice cutgrass is situated in the northwest area of the tract in
                       the wetland.


                              1.1.2.3.1    Project Impacts

                              There are no project impacts to this vegetative community.

                       1.1.2.4       Sumac - AREA D


                       Stands of common sumac were observed in the southern portion of the
                       property with some areas having a thick understory of wild rose.

                              1.1.2.4.1    Project Impacts

                              The nature trail will extend around this region. Some selective clearing
                              of trees, understory and herbaceous species may be required to
                              construct and maintain the trail. If desired, this community can be
                              replaced with more desirable species (oaks, hickories).



                       1.1.2.5       Sassafras - AREA E


                       These small areas are dominated by sassafras in upland areas at the southern
                       end of Fort Mifflin, adjacent to the pipeline terminal. Isolated sassafras was
                       also observed in the black cherry dominated area of the property.

                              1.1.2.5.1    Project Impacts

                              There are no project impacts to this vegetative community.









                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   August 9, 1995
                   Page 4



                          1.1.2.6      River Birch - AREA F


                          A small stand of river birch with distinctive exfoliating bark was observed along
                          a steep slope at the northwestern fenced-in portion of the property, adjacent
                          to Island Avenue.


                                 1.1.2.6.1    Project Impacts.

                                 There are no project impacts to this vegetative community.

                          1.1.2.7      Large Tooth Poplar - AREA G

                          An area of large-tooth poplar is present at the southernmost tip of the property
                          adjacent to the pipeline terminal. Some of the trees are very large, achieving
                          a diameter of approximately 18".

                                 1.1.2.7.1    Project Impacts

                                 There are no project impacts to this vegetative community.

                          1.1.2.8      Maintained Open Space - AREA H

                          There are two actively maintained areas at the property. The maintained areas
                          are:


                                 1     the area within the bounds of the moat, which includes the fort
                                       itself and the buildings; and

                                 2)    the areas to the north and east of the moat. This area includes
                                       lawn which is cut on a regular basis and some ornamental shrubs,
                                       located in the "water battery" area on the eastern most portion of
                                       Fort Mifflin.


                                 1.1.2.8.1    Project Impacts

                                 This areas to the north and east of the moat may be used for staging
                                 construction equipment, for dewatering of dredged and silt material, and
                                 for temporary stockpiling of dredged and silt material. These activities
                                 will result in temporary loss of grass. The bank stabilization activity will
                                 result in additional maintained open space.










                 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                 CLRR-92A7.004.01
                 August 9, 1995
                 Page 5


                        1.1.2.9       Open Water, tidal and nontidal - AREAS I & J

                        This area is the Delaware River and the Fort Mifflin Moat. Vegetation identified
                        in the moat is discussed in the wetland section of this report.

                               1.1.2.9.1     Project Impacts

                               Nontidal - Vegetative removal by dredging or moat mowing. Long term
                               maintenance requires vegetative control.

                               Tidal - Riverward side pipe extension and silt removal for existing sluice
                               gate may impact tidally influenced vegetation. Construction new sluice
                               gate will introduce new tidal habitat. Construction of new tide gate will
                               remove herbaceous "weedy" species.               Construction access to
                               reconstruct sluice gate or new tide gate will require some vegetative
                               removal.


                 1.2           PRELIMINARY WETLAND EVALUATION


                 A preliminary wetlands evaluation was made at Fort Mifflin during April and May 1995
                 to determine the presence or absence and approximate configuration of wetlands,
                 which are regulated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers ("COE") under
                 Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act and Pennsylvania Department of
                 Environmental Protection ("PaDEP") under Title 25, Chapter 105, relating to Dam
                 Safety and Waterway Management.

                 Criteria used for determining the presence of freshwater wetlands was taken from the
                 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual ("Corps Manual"). To satisfy this
                 legal definition of wetlands, the following parameters should be met.

                 1 .    50% or greater of the vegetation must have a Regional Wetlands Indicator
                        Status of Facultative (FAC), Facultative-Wet (FACW) or Obligate (OBL). If a
                        dominance of the vegetation within an association is listed as Obligate, this
                        area is to be classified as wetlands with no further synthesis of data required.

                 2.     The area is inundated either permanently or periodically at mean water depths
                        < 6.6', or the soil is saturated to the surface at some time during the growing
                        season. Indicators of wetland hydrology are presented in Section III of the
                        Corps Manual.










                  John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                  CLRR-92A7.004.01
                  August 9, 1995
                  Page 6


                  3.     Soils are present and have been classified as hydric, or they possess
                         characteristics that are associated with reducing soil conditions. Indicators of
                         Soils developed under reducing conditions are presented in Section III of the
                         Corps Manual.

                  It should be noted that there are other indicators also used to determine if the
                  hydrophytic vegetation and hydrology criteria for freshwater wetlands has been
                  satisfied. These criteria are presented in the above mentioned Corps Manual in
                  decreasing order of reliability. If a site is considered disturbed (e.g., farmed, recent
                  tree harvesting, removal of soil layer), wetlands may be present without one or more
                  of the criteria having a positive indicator.

                  References used to perform this evaluation include the following:

                  ï¿½      United States Geologic Survey 7.5' Topographic Quadrangles for Philadelphia
                         PA-NJ and Woodbury NJ-PA

                  ï¿½      USDOI National Wetland Inventories for    Philadelphia PA-NJ and Woodbury NJ-
                         PA


                  ï¿½      Soil Survey of Philadelphia and Bucks Counties, Pennsylvania

                  ï¿½      National Technical Committee on Hydric Soils (NTCHS), List of Hydric Soils

                  ï¿½      Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1

                  Fort  Mifflin was also evaluated using the Federal Manual for Identifying and
                  Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands ("the Federal Manual"). This is the methodology
                  used by PaDEP in establishing wetlands. The extend and presence of wetlands line
                  remains consistent under the Federal Manual.


                  The presence of regulated waters of the United States/Commonwealth and their
                  adjacent wetlands was confirmed during our inspection. The regulated areas are to
                  the north and south of the Fort as well as situated in the moat. The approximate
                  configuration of the limit of wetlands is shown on the Wetlands Plan (Figure 2). The
                  following is a summary of these areas.

                  1)     Moat - The moat surrounds the Fort structure. This is an open water habitat
                         that has Palustrine Emergent (PEM) vegetation on the northeast and southeast
                         sides. Dominant species identified in this area include arrow arum and blatter










                John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                CLRR-92A7.004.01
                August 9, 1995
                Page 7


                       wort. Considering the emergent vegetation as an invasion species, this area is
                       classified as Palustrine-Open Water (POW) under the Cowardin Classification
                       of Wetlands and DeeDwater Habitats of the United States, United States Fish
                       and Wildlife Service ("Cowardin").

                2)     Common Reed and Rice Cutgrass - The remainder of the wetlands is Palustrine
                       Emergent, persistent (PEM-"Cowardin") ecosystem dominated by "weedy
                       species". This aggregate five acre area is located on the western portion of the
                       tract.


                3)     Delaware River - To the southeast of the land mass is the Delaware River. This
                       tidally influenced area, while not a wetland, is regulated by both the PaDEP
                       (under Chapter 105) and Corps of Engineers (under Section 10 of the Rivers
                       and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act). This area
                       is classified as Estuarine tidal (EV'Cowardin") and subtidal (E 2-" Coward in").

                       While no vegetation has been identified in the Delaware River, there is record
                       one Pennsylvania Endangered species (Wrights spike rush-Eleocharis obtusa
                       var.12easei) and two Pennsylvania Rare species (Waterhemp ragweed-
                       Amaranthus cannabinus and Indian wild rice-Zizania aauatica) are identified in
                       the tidal flat of the fort Mifflin region. we have not been able to confirm the
                       location of these species.










                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   August 9, 1995
                   Page 8



                   1.3           APPROVALS



                   There are a number of federal, state, county and local approvals that may be required
                   as a result for the proposed improvements to Fort Mifflin. These approvals are listed
                   on the following pages. Depending on the design of any improvements, some or all
                   of the approvals are necessary.

                   When the United States Army Corps of Engineers and Pennsylvania Department of
                   Environmental Protection review their Section 404/10 and Chapter 105 applications
                   respectively, there are a number of environmental concerns they will be focusing on
                   in order to render a decision for this project. There are two areas of significant
                   concern at Fort Mifflin.


                          1)     Impacts to shallow water habitat, which is the area from the mean low
                                 water line to minus ten (-10) feet below mean sea level. Shallow water
                                 habitat exists adjacent to the shoreline and seawall.

                          2)     Impacts to wetlands and the moat/storm drainage system at Fort Mifflin.


                   1.3.1         Dredging

                   To document that dredging will have a minimal impact on the moat, it should be
                   demonstrated that the activity is limited to restore original elevations. The suspension
                   of contaminated sediments and ultimate disposal of spoils attributed to the dredging
                   operations is an issue that will have to be addressed. Contaminants such as heavy
                   metals and petroleum hydrocarbons may be contained in the moat sediments, and
                   eventually released into the river, thereby impacting water quality and aquatic
                   organisms. Mitigative measures should be undertaken, such as using dredging
                   techniques which result in minimal turbidity levels; seasonal construction so as to not
                   disturb migration patterns; impact to threatened or endangered species; and the
                   erection of silt curtains around the work area to contain turbidity levels and sediments
                   from migrating from the construction area. Testing of the moat bottom sediments will
                   be required to determine the degree of toxicity of these sediments. The results of this
                   testing will determine where disposal of dredged spoils may occur.

                   Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the United States Army Corps of
                   Engineers will evaluate the impact of the project on threatened and endangered plant
                   and wildlife species. There is a high likelihood that the red-bellied turtle is present in










                John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                CLRR-92A7.004.01
                August 9, 1995
                Page 9


                the moat.     There has been sightings by Fort Mifflin personnel.              It must be
                demonstrated that the project will not have an impact on threatened or endangered
                species; nor will it generate impacts that may deter the species from occupying this
                habitat. It will be necessary to maintain habitat by the mitigative measures during
                dredging. It must be demonstrated that contaminated river bottom sediments will not
                be suspended into the water column at a concentration that will have a detrimental
                impact to threatened or endangered species.

                The project cannot have an adverse impact on cultural resources, including historic
                and pre-historic resources. At this point, we have contacted the Pennsylvania State
                Historic and Museum Commission to determine whether they have concerns about
                cultural resources in the area besides the Fort, and we anticipate documentation from
                their office stating their concerns. If other cultural resources are identified on the site
                besides the Fort, a determination has to be made whether these resources meet the
                criteria for a candidate site on the National Register of Historic Places. This can be
                determined under a Phase I and 11 Cultural Resource Study.



                1.3.2         Nature Trail


                It is our understanding that the nature trail will use an upland footprint of disturbance
                with the exception of the rehabilitation of the existing, dilapidated bridge. There are
                no known threatened or endangered species within this region. The construction of
                -the bridge from the Sally Port across the moat and building the boardwalk in the
                Common Reed area will require authorization by Pennsylvania Department of
                Environmental Protection and Corps of Engineers.

                The removal of vegetation in wetlands or uplands is not regulated by either the Corps
                of Engineers or Department of Environmental Protection.                 However, careful
                considerations should be given to preserve adequate habitat for the fauna at Fort
                Mifflin. A review of the property and discussions with knowledgeable people
                indicates that the birding population is of high quality and special in the Philadelphia
                region.    The design of the Nature Trail should be made in accordance with
                ornithological protection.

                Handicapped usage of the nature trail would be facilitated by asphalt surfacing.
                However construction in asphalt requires the following equipment:

                       modified paving machine for narrow paths










                  John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                  CLRR-92A7.004.01
                  August 9, 1995
                  Page 10


                         small paving roller

                         dump trucks to haul asphalt and store base material

                  E      small bulldozer to prepare surface for pavement

                  We see no land based route to get to the nature trail site. Thus, this equipment must
                  be barged into the site which increases construction costs.

                  1.3.3        Sluice Gate Repair

                  The repair to the sluice gates may require extending piping into the Delaware River.
                  This activity requires authorization by PaDEP and Corps of Engineers and possibly by
                  the United States Coast Guard. Impacts to the aquatic species of special concern
                  identified in Section 2.1 of this report will require an absence or presence
                  determination.


                         1.3.3.1      New Tide Gate


                         Constructing a new tide gate in the south ditch will require authorization by
                         PaDEP and Corps of Engineers and possibly by the United States Coast Guard.

                  1.3.4        Interior Stormwater Modification


                  The interior stormwater modifications and other activities within the Fort structure
                  should not   require authorization by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
                  Protection or Corps of Engineers.


                  1.3.5        New Construction and Parking Lots

                  The construction of a new building and new parking lots in the upland areas near the
                  existing administrative building may require PaDEP authorization under Chapter 106
                  for fill in a flood plain. There are no identifiable impacts by these actions on
                  vegetative or animal resources.


                  We recommend that when conceptual plans are formulated for this project, a
                  preapplication meeting be held with federal and state regulatory agencies at either the
                  Joint Permit Processing Meeting (United States Army Corps of Engineers), or the










               John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
               CLRR-92A7.004.01
               August 9, 1995
               Page 11


               Environmental Resource Council Meeting (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
               Protection) to discuss the feasibility of this project. The issues, discussed in this
               report, can be elaborated upon, and we can further define the level of studies that will
               be needed to satisfy their concerns.












               PERMIT:             Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act




               PURPOSE:            Regulates the placement of fill and dredge material into waters of
                                   the United States, including adjacent wetland areas.


               AGENCY:             United States Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Branch
                                   Wanamaker Building
                                   100 Penn Square East
                                   Philadelphia, PA
                                   c/o Richard Hassel
                                   (215) 656-6732



               FEE:                $100, no fee if applicant is government entity


               SCHEDULE:           Approval is issued 60 days from being deemed complete for
                                   review.



               SUBMISSION
               REQUIREMENTS:       Corps of Engineers Standard Application Form, Environmental
                                   Questionnaire, Engineering Plans including Site Plan, Dredge Plan
                                   and Dredge Spoils Disposal Plan, Photographs, Aquatic Resource
                                   Study, Dredge Spoils Analysis, Alternative Analysis.              A
                                   coordination with the State Historical Preservation Officer,
                                   Philadelphia Historical Commission and the National Advisory for
                                   Historic Preservation is required.












                 PERMIT:              Section 10 of the U.S. Rivers and Harbors Act




                 PURPOSE:             Regulates the placement of structures into navigable waters of the
                                      United States. [For this project it includes the Delaware River
                                      area.)



                 AGENCY:              United States Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Branch
                                      Wanamaker Building
                                      100 Penn Square East
                                      Philadelphia, PA
                                      c/o Richard Hassel
                                      (215) 656-6732



                 FEE:                 $100, no fee if applicant is government entity


                 SCHEDULE:            Approval is issued 60 days from being deemed complete for
                                      review.



                 SUBMISSION
                 REQUIREMENTS:        Corps of Engineers Standard Application Form, Environmental
                                      Questionnaire, Engineering Plans including Site Plan, Dredge Plan
                                      and Dredge Spoils Disposal Plan, Photographs, Aquatic Resource
                                      Study, Dredge Spoils Analysis, Alternative Analysis.










                PERMIT:              Private Aids to Navigation under Section 10 of the Rivers and
                                     Harbors Act




                PURPOSE:             Regulates the placement of warning lights on outf all structures in
                                     navigable waters of the United States. [For this project it includes
                                     the Delaware River area.]



                AGENCY:              United States Coast Guard
                                     Fifth Coast Guard District
                                     Planning and Waterways Management Section
                                     Aids to Navigation and Waterways Branch
                                     431 Crawford Street
                                     Portsmith, VA 23705
                                     c/o John R. Walters, Chief
                                     (804) 398-6229



                FEE:                 None



                SCHEDULE,-           Approval is issued after Department of Army provisional permit.



                SUBMISSION
                REQUIREMENTS:        Department of Army provisional permit, U.S. Coast Guard Form
                                     CG-2554 (Private Aids to Navigation Application), Navigation
                                     warning lights location map, Engineering Plans including Site Plan,










                 PERMIT:             Chapter 105 of the Pennsylvania Dam Safety and Waterway
                                     Management Act




                 PURPOSE:            Regulates dams, water obstructions and encroachments located
                                     in, along, across or projecting into regulated waters of the
                                     Commonwealth. For this project it includes open water, wetlands
                                     and the Delaware River.



                 AGENCY:             Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                     Bureau of Water Management Program
                                     Lee Park, Suite 6010
                                     555 North Lane
                                     Conshohocken,PA 19428
                                     c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager
                                     (610) 832-6130



                 FEE:                Stream Enclosure  ............................               $350
                                     ChannelChange      .............................             300
                                     Commercial Dredging     ..........................           300
                                     Fills, Floodwalls .....                         ..........   350
                                     Bridges & Other Obstructions & Encroachments      ........   200
                                     No fee if applicant is government entity

                 SCHEDULE:           Approval is issued 60 - 90 days from being deemed complete for
                                     review.



                 SUBMISSION
                 REQUIREMENTS:       Chapter 105 Application Form, Project Description, Wetlands
                                     Evaluation,   Environmental    Assessment,     Mitigation    Plan,
                                     Alternative Analysis, Photographs, Engineer's Certification,
                                     Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Letter from the
                                     Municipality that the project conforms with their Flood Control
                                     and Stormwater Management Ordinances.










               PERMIT:             Chapter 106 of the Pennsylvania Flood Plain Management Act



               PURPOSE:            Regulates flood plain obstructions constructed, owned or
                                   maintained by the Commonwealth or a political subdivision of the
                                   Commonwealth.



               AGENCY:             Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                   Bureau of Water Management Program
                                   Lee Park, Suite 6010
                                   555 North Lane
                                   Conshohocken, PA 19428
                                   c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager
                                   (610) 832-6130



               FEE:                No fee if applicant is government entity

               SCHEDULE:           Approval is issued 60 - 90 days from being deemed complete for
                                   review.



               SUBMISSION
               REQUIREMENTS:       Project Description, Wetlands Evaluation, Environmental
                                   Assessment, Mitigation Plan, Alternative Analysis, Photographs,
                                   Engineer's Certification, Approved Erosion and Sediment Control
                                   Plan, Letter from the Municipality that the project conforms with
                                   their Flood Control and Stormwater Management Ordinances.










                 PERMIT:             Chapter 401 Water Quality Certification




                 PURPOSE:            Regulates the quality of fill or dredge material placed in areas
                                     regulated under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.


                 AGENCY:             Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                     Bureau of Water Management Program
                                     Lee Park, Suite 6010
                                     555 North Lane
                                     Conshohocken, PA 19428
                                     c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager
                                     (610) 832-6130



                 FEE:                No Fee



                 SCHEDULE:           Approval is issued 30 days from being published in the PA
                                     Bulletin.



                 SUBMISSION
                 REQUIREMENTS:       Chapter 105 Application Form, Project Description, Wetlands
                                     Evaluation,   Environmental     Assessment,     Mitigation    Plan,
                                     Alternative Analysis, Photographs, Engineer's Certification,
                                     Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Letter from the
                                     Municipality that the project conforms with their Flood Control
                                     and Stormwater Management Ordinances.












             PERMIT:         Water Connection Permit




             PURPOSE:        Regulate connections to City water mains. For this project it
                             would include any new buildings.


             AGENCY:         Philadelphia Water Department
                             Drainage Information Unit
                             One Reading Center, 1100 Market Street
                             Philadelphia, PA 19107
                             Contact Greg McCollough
                             (215) 592-6276



             FEE:            Dependent upon number and size of connections.



             SCHEDULE:       One (1) week from time of submission.



             SUBMISSION
             REQUIREMENTS:   Permit Form, six (6) sets of plans and profiles.
                             Preliminary Review is suggested. Contractor must be applicant.










              PERMIT:         Drainage Connection



              PURPOSE:        Regulate connections to City drainage lines. Probably not
                              applicable for Fort Mifflin, as storm water it not directed toward
                              city storm sewers.


              AGENCY:         Philadelphia Water Department
                              Drainage Information Unit
                              One Reading Center
                              1100 Market Street
                              Philadelphia, PA 19107
                              Contact Rich Williams
                              (215) 592-6270



              FEE:            Dependent upon number and size of connections.



              SCHEDULE:       One (1) week from time of submission.



              SUBMISSION
              REQUIREMENTS:   Permit Form, six (6) sets of plans and profiles.
                              Preliminary Review is suggested. Contractor must be applicant.










             PERMIT:         Building, Plumbing, Electrical



             PURPOSE:        Regulate building construction.


             AGENCY:         Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections
                             1600 Arch Street
                             Philadelphia, PA 19102
                             (215) 686-2392



             FEE:            Dependent upon building size and complexity.


             SCHEDULE:       Dependent upon building size and complexity



             SUBMISSION
             REQUIREMENTS:   Permit Form, three (3) sets of plans
                             Contractor must be the applicant.












              PERMIT:          Site Plan Review




              PURPOSE:         Regulate planning and zoning issues.


              AGENCY:          Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections
                               1600 Arch Street
                               Philadelphia, PA 19102
                               (215) 686-2392

                               City Planning Commission
                               1515 Market Street, 17 1h Floor
                               Philadelphia, PA 19102
                               (215) 686-4607



              FEE:             Dependent upon information and extent of plan.


              SCHEDULE:        Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections 3 to 4
                               weeks.
                  1.           City Planning Commission - 4 weeks.


              SUBMISSION
              REQUIREMENTS:    Permit Form, Completed Site Plans











               PERMIT:            Delaware River Basin Commission Section 3.8 Approval




               PURPOSE:           Responsible for the conservation and best utilization of water
                                  resources for the Delaware River Basin. All public and private
                                  projects proposed that will substantially affect water resources
                                  must obtain approval from the Commission.



               AGENCY:            Delaware River Basin Commission
                                  25 State Police Drive
                                  Box 7360
                                  West Trenton, NJ 08625
                                  c/o George Elias, Executive Director
                                  (609) 883-9500



               FEE:               0. 1 % of construction cost, up to $ 1,000,000
                                  0.025% of construction cost for the portion of the project over
                                  $1,000,000 with a cap of $50,000


               SCHEDULE:          Approval is issued 60 days after all State approvals.



               SUBMISSION
               REQUIREMENTS:      The application package submitted under the 105 submission will
                                  suffice.










                 PERMIT:             Submerged Lands Agreement (for Delaware River)



                 PURPOSE:            Regulate occupance of waters of the Commonwealth.


                 AGENCY:             Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
                                     Bureau of Water Management Program
                                     Lee Park, Suite 6010
                                     555 North Lane
                                     Conshohocken, PA 19428
                                     c/o Charles Rheem, Regional Manager
                                     (610) 832-6130



                 FEE:                Dependent on submerged land area that is occupied.


                 SCHEDULE:           Agreement is prepared when the 105 application is approved.



                 SUBMISSION
                 REQUIREMENTS:       Chapter 105 Application Form, Project Description, Wetlands
                                     Evaluation,   Environmental Assessment,        Mitigation    Plan,
                                     Alternative Analysis, Photographs, Engineer's Certification,
                                     Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Letter from the
                                     Municipality that the project conforms with their Flood Control
                                     and Stormwater Management Ordinances.










                John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                CLRR-92A7.004.01
                August 9, 1995
                Page 24


                1.4 WILDLIFE AND AQUATIC INVENTORY


                A wildlife and aquatic inventory was performed using on-site inspection, review of
                previously published documents, interviews with Fort Mifflin personal and other local
                experts and consultation with resource agencies.

                1.4.1        BIRDS


                Appendix A includes a listing of birds common to the habitat and geographic region
                of Fort Mifflin. There are a variety of birds that use the Fort Mifflin area. We have
                contacted several local ornithologists and discussed the Fort Mifflin tract in regard to
                species usage.

                Of the species that nest at Fort Mifflin, the most uncommon are the blue grosbeak,
                willow flycatcher, lesser black-backed gull, Eastern phoebe, and gray catbird. The
                first two of these above species nest in secondary growth scrub area (cherry).
                Common species known to nest at Fort Mifflin include cardinals, robins, catbird,
                swallow, king bird, yellow throated warbler, yellow warbler and Canadian geese.
                Non-nesting use of Fort Mifflin has been documented by both non-nesting species as
                well as migratory and wintering birds.

                Interesting species recorded at Fort Mifflin include peregrine falcon, osprey, giant
                egret. Occasionally bald eagles have used Fort Mifflin. Wintering ducks have also
                been noted.


                Further information on wintering species can be obtained from Keith Russell of
                Academy of Natural Science 1-215-299-3783. For the Pennsylvania Breeding Atlas,
                contact Dan Brauning, Pennsylvania Game Commission 1-717-547-6938. Two other
                individuals knowledgeable on bird species near and at Fort Mifflin are Ed Fingerhood,
                1-215-637-2741 and John Miller, 1-610-461-4724.

                       1.4.1.1      Impacts

                       We have identified the secondary growth forests and bush as being critical for
                       maintaining nesting areas. The reuse of the nature trail should not impact this
                       area. Selective removal of the cherry area, with replanting, should not impact
                       this area. The dredging of the moat may remove some feeding habitat for
                       wading birds.










                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   August 9, 1995
                   Page 25


                   1.4.2         AMPHIBIANS/REPTILES


                   With the presence of water and wetlands, there is a variety of amphibians/reptiles that
                   use Fort Mifflin. There has been confirmed use of the moat by the red-bellied turtle
                   (Pseudemys rubventris), a Pennsylvania threatened species. There is also a potential
                   for the southern leopard frog (Rana utrieularia) to occupy this site. The moat area is
                   the habitat used by these species. Other species that may use Fort Mifflin are
                   presented in Appendix A.

                          1.4.2.1.      Impacts

                          The dredging or removal of vegetation in the moat requires coordination with
                          the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) to establish a program that
                          will not impact the red-bellied turtle. The removal of monotypic stands of
                          common reed by wick application of Rodeo D should not have an impact on
                          amphibians/reptiles.


                   1.4.3         MAMMALS


                   There are no known threatened or endangered mammals at Fort Mifflin. Appendix A
                   is a listing of mammals common to the habitat and geographic region of Fort Mifflin.

                          1.4.3.1       Impacts

                          The dredging of the moat should not impact use of Fort Mifflin by mammals.
                          Constructing the nature trail may temporary displace species.

                   1.4.4         FISH


                   According to the Pennsylvania Fish & Wildlife Data Base, the common carp (Cyprinus
                   carr)ta) is the only fish typical to the Fort Mifflin area, exclusive of the Delaware River.

                          1.4.4.1       Impacts

                          There is no impact to fish by the proposed activities.











                 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                 CLRR-92A7.004.01
                 August 9, 1995
                 Page 26


                 1.4.5        THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES


                 Based on information contained in the Environmental Assessment for the expansion
                 of the Philadelphia International Airport, the Great Egret, Short-Eared Owl, and the
                 Red-Bellied Turtle are listed as threatened or endangered in this area.

                              Great Egret (Casmerodius albus) has been found nesting in the area
                              where the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers meet. This species is listed as
                              being threatened. It's nest was previously located at the adjacent Corps
                              of Engineers dredge site. This species has been confirmed as using the
                              moat for feeding.

                              Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) has been found nesting in grassy
                              meadows and marsh habitat in the vicinity of the airport. This bird is
                              listed as endangered. There has been no confirmation of the owl using
                              Fort Mifflin


                       N      Red-Bellied Turtle (Pseudemys rubivertris) has been found in marshy
                              areas near the airport. Staff at Fort Mifflin has also reported seeing this
                              species in the moat.

                 The following threatened or endangered plants were also referenced in the
                 Environmental Assessment:


                       E      Chasmanthium laxum Yates, Slender Sea-Oats, is listed as.Endangered
                              in Pennsylvania. It was collected from wet meadows along the Delaware
                              in this area in 1932.


                       a      Eleocharis obtusa var. peasei Svenson, Wrights Spike Rush, is also listed
                              as Endangered in Pennsylvania. It has been found growing in a marshy
                              area near Fort Mifflin.


                       0      Amaranthus cannabinus Sauer, Waterhemp Ragweed, is listed as Rare
                              in Pennsylvania. It is growing in marshy areas in the vicinity of Fort
                              Mifflin.










                  John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                  CLRR-92A7.004.01
                  August 9, 1995
                  Page 27


                         N     Cyl2erus odoratus L., Rusty Flatsedge, has been collected from marshes
                               and mudflats west of the Airport. It is believed to be declining in
                               Pennsylvania but more information is needed to determine its exact
                               status. The Pennsylvania Biological Survey has suggested a listing of
                               Tentatively Undetermined for this plant.


                  The Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory lists Wrights spike rush-Eleocharis obtusa
                  var.12easei, Waterhemp ragweed-Amaranthus cannabinus and Indian wild rice-Zizania
                  aguatica as being located in the tidal flat region at or near Fort Mifflin. These species
                  are Pennsylvania rare or endangered. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
                  (reptiles and amphibians) and Pennsylvania Game Commission (mammals) do not
                  record any known threatened or endangered species.

                         1.4.5.1      Impacts

                         The only threatened or endangered species with potential impact by the
                         proposed activity is the red-bellied turtle. As discussed in Section 1.4.2.1,
                         coordination with PFBC is required.



                  2.1          STRATEGY FOR CLEARING THE MOAT


                  There are four major techniques for clearing vegetation from the     moat:

                         ï¿½     Dredging
                         ï¿½     Mechanical Excavation
                         ï¿½     Mowing
                         ï¿½     Chemical


                  Each of these alternatives has sub-alternates with varying environmental and cost
                  implications.

                  2.1.1        DREDGING

                  Dredging the moat will remove silted material and undesirable vegetation. If dredging
                  is the selected alternative, a disposal site for vegetation and silts must be obtained,
                  away from the Fort. The proximity of the disposal area to the dredge area is a major
                  cost factor. Dredging can be accomplished by:










                 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                 CLRR-92A7.004.01
                 August 9, 1995
                 Page 28


                       2.1.1.1       Hydraulic means

                       Small, portable hydraulic dredges are available which can be assembled on the
                       site and floated in as little as 15" of water (Figure 3). These dredges will pump
                       the dredging spoils plus vegetation either into a truck or to a remote disposal
                       area. The return water must be allowed to drain back into the moat. Dredging
                       should be done during the construction season.

                       2.1.1.2             Clam Shell


                       A clam shell dredge can be floated or land based operating on tracks (Figure 4).
                       Dredging spoils can be dumped into a barge or placed on land for subsequent
                       removal.


                       2.1.1.3              Drag Line Dredging

                       The drag line operation is similar to clam shell, except that the drag line
                       operates off of a series of cables and must dispose of dredge spoils for
                       rehandling, similar to the clam shell operation (Figure 5).



                 2.1.2        MECHANICAL EXCAVATION


                 Large backhoes can reach across the moat and excavate plants plus silted material.
                 This material in turn will be disposed of on land. In this manner it is similar to clam
                 shell and drag line dredging. This is limited to the construction season.

                 Mechanical excavation can also be accomplished manually, assuming the water level
                 can be drawn down to enable access for workers. The water level must also be
                 maintained at this low level by pumping during mechanical removal. Pumping could
                 cost approximately $ 2,000 per month. Manual removal is best done at the time of
                 minimum ground water flow (later summer to early fall).

                 2.1.3        MOWING


                 The same type of portable hydraulic dredges discussed in Section 2. 1. 1.1 can also be
                 modified to a cutter head for mowing vegetation at the earth line. The mowed
                 material can be discharged by pipe line into a truck, with water returning to the moat.
                 An alternate technique is to utilize weed harvesters (Figure 6). These are essentially
                 underwater lawn mowers which dump the cuttings in the vessel itself. The cuttings










                  John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                  CLRR-92A7.004.01
                  August 9, 1995
                  Page 29


                  are then off loaded to other means of ultimate disposal. The preferred period for
                  mowing is during late spring and summer. More than one mowing per year may be
                  required, depending on other actions taken to improve the moat.

                  2.1.4         CHEMICAL


                  Various chemicals are also available for treatment of undesirable vegetation in bodies
                  of water. These are used quite commonly in manmade lakes used for active
                  recreational purposes. It appears that there are no long range impacts as active
                  recreational use can resume almost immediately after treatment.

                  This is a highly specialized field with chemical applicators requiring licensing. Typical
                  treatment season is late spring and summer, while plants are growing.

                  2.1.5         DISCUSSION OF STRATEGIES


                  Any of these aforementioned techniques can cause disruption to the grounds and flow
                  of visitors.   The most significant impacts will be from dredging, mechanical
                  excavation, or mowing. Besides unsightly and noisy equipment, there is the question
                  of spoil disposal areas to be dealt with. At best these will be temporary piles of silt
                  and unpleasant looking materials situated on the grounds. Additionally, hydraulic
                  dredging requires the return of water to the dredged body of water.

                  Dredging techniques are the most complex as they will require an engineered plan,
                  solicitation of proposals based on complex field conditions and monitoring the course
                  of work to ensure that no excessive damage has taken place. There would be
                  significant engineering costs involved with any dredging program.

                  Chemical treatment is the least disruptive in the short term.

                  Chemical treatment is also the easiest technique to employ. Essentially, an applicator
                  must be contacted, price solicited, and the treatment performed. There may be some
                  minimum period of time in which the environment is impacted.



                  2.1.6         COST IMPLEMENTATIONS


                  A dredging operation would be the most expensive. In consultation with the owner
                  of appropriate dredging equipment, costs must be allowed for mobilization of
                  equipment on site. Additionally, it is anticipated that three to four weeks would be










                 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                 CLRR-92A7.004.01
                 August 9, 1995
                 Page 30


                 required to complete the work. The order of magnitude cost for this operation is
                 $60,000.00 to $100,000.00 assuming this work must be bid under a prevailing wage
                 contract.


                 At the opposite end of the cost spectrum is chemical treatment. Chemical treatment
                 could be accomplished for five to ten thousand dollars.



                 2.2           LONG TERM MAINTENANCE OF THE MOAT


                 A plan for long term maintenance of the moat requires consideration of how the water
                 level, depth in the moat are regulated. If it is possible to periodically flush the moat,
                 water quality is likely to be improved. This flushing should reduce somewhat the
                 growth of undesirable vegetation. The removal of vegetation is crucial to the health
                 of the moat because it appears that decaying vegetation is the cause of much of the
                 decreasing water depth. This decaying vegetation also removes oxygen from the
                 water, decreasing the moat's value. A deepening of water in the moat also slows
                 down plant growth. We recommend 4 feet minimum depth.

                 Maintenance techniques for ongoing control of vegetation are similar to those
                 described above for initial removal:


                               Dredging
                               Mechanical removal
                        a      Mowing
                        0      Chemical


                 If performed on a routine basis dredging, the annual mechanical excavation and
                 mowing costs should decrease because of less vegetation.

                 Chemical treatment should continue to cost the same amount on a yearly basis as for
                 the initial treatment.


                 2.2.1         BANK STABILIZATION


                 Long term maintenance must also include the permanent stability of the banks on both
                 sides of the moat. The bank has been receding at the southeast corner of the Fort.
                 Continued loss of the bank adjacent to the Fort will eventually result in structural
                 damage to the Fort. The initial stabilization of the bank could be vegetative or
                 structural means.










                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   August 9, 1995
                   Page 31


                   The most promising structural method of controlling loss of embankment is by
                   bulkhead installation. Ordinarily bulkhead installation requires large, heavy, noisy, and
                   expensive equipment to drive steel sheet piling. However, in recent years plastic,
                   aluminum, and wood bulkhead techniques have been developed. Bulkheading will cost
                   in neighborhood of $ 100.00 per lineal foot.

                   Vegetative control of the embankment can be accomplished by techniques of "bio-
                   engineering". Most appropriate in this case is the use of Biologs or Fiber Rolls. These
                   are composed of a woody fiber, impregnated with client selected plant material. As
                   they are flexible they can be anchored to match the water's edge of an embankment.
                   In time as the Biolog degrades, the vegetation will take over to hold the slope in place.
                   Biolog installation will cost $20 to $25 per lineal foot (Figure 7).

                   Either technique is appropriate to stabilize the moat. If the selection is made on the
                   basis of aesthetics, the wooden bulk head presents a neater appearance.

                   After the moat embankment is stabilized at the critical locations, annual embankment
                   maintenance should be minimal.


                   2.3          SITE DRAINAGE ASPECTS


                   The interior of the Fort can be unpleasant to walk in because of wet grounds.
                   Additionally, water can intrude into the various structures because of poor drainage.
                   Poor drainage of the Fort Mifflin site is due to a number of circumstances:

                                        Very high water table, with limited storage volume for runoff
                                        Flat land, with no slope to drain water
                                        Inherent design of Fort which forces runoff behind buildings, and
                                        must recharge into the interior grounds.

                   Drainage at the facility can be improved in a number of ways:


                   2.3.1        LOWERING THE GROUNDWATER LEVEL


                   The most practical way to lower the ground water level in the grounds of the Fort is
                   to lower the water level in the moat. Lowering the water level in the moat is a major
                   issue in this project. This will be discussed further in strategies related to the existing
                   sluice gate.

                   If the water level in the moat is lowered, the storage below ground for surface runoff










                 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                 CLRR-92A7.004.01
                 August 9, 1995
                 Page 32


                 will be increased. This should result in some degree of reduced saturation of the
                 ground.

                 There is a practical limit to the distance the water level can be lowered.

                 0      Lower water level, and less depth in the moat, has a negative effect on water
                        quality.

                 N      Lower water level, and lower ground water elevation, decreases soil pore
                        pressures. This leads to less soil bearing capacity with potential foundation
                        settlement.


                 We suggest lowering the moat by 6 to 8 inches.

                 2.3.2        SURFACE DRAINAGE


                 Modifications to surface drainage can be made by piping or by construction of surface
                 troughs.

                        2.3.2.1             Piping

                        The Fort interior grounds are about two feet above the moat water level. This
                        differential is too small to provide room for construction of inlets, installation
                        of piping and pipe discharges above the water level of the moat. Piping is not
                        feasible.



                        2.3.2.2             Surface Troughs

                        A series of surface troughs exist in the southwest corner of the Fort. These
                        ultimately discharge into a culvert through the walls of the Fort into the west
                        side of the moat. Surface observations indicate that there is room to lower
                        these surface troughs and to extend the systems of troughs further out. This
                        would have to be based on detailed topographical analysis of the Fort interior
                        and a drainage design at a large scale. Implementing this alternative will require
                        reconstruction of the existing troughs which total approximately 260 feet in
                        length. Constructing new drainage troughs will cost on the order of magnitude
                        of $30.00 to $40.00 per lineal foot. It is practical to extend the trough network
                        to approximately 500 feet to improve drainage in the vicinity of the Officers
                        Quarters and Soldiers Barracks.










                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   August 9, 1995
                   Page 33


                         2.3.2.3              Sump Pumps

                         Sump pump pits can be constructed in strategic locations adjacent to buildings.
                         The pumps in the sump pits would then discharge through the exterior wall to
                         drain towards the moat. For sump pits to be truly effective, under drains must
                         be installed. However, installation of the under drains requires excavation
                         which may endanger the structural integrity of the buildings. Sump pump
                         installations are likely to cost an order of magnitude of $2,500 each piece,
                         exclusive of under drainage. Underdrainage which could be 4" fabric coated
                         plastic tubing, will cost an order magnitude of $15.00 per lineal foot, in place.

                         2.3.2.4              Regrading

                         Regrading of the Fort interior by placement of fill can improve drainage
                         somewhat. The fill provides additional storage for rainfall. The fill should be
                         placed to surface slopes of at least 1 1/2% to convey surface runoff to the
                         surface troughs or drains at the periphery of the Fort interior grounds.

                         Regrading and placement at fill mu    st hold the existing grades at the periphery
                         of the interior adjacent to the buildings. Thus, fill is limited to the area between
                         the Headquarters building, the Barracks and Storehouse. Earth elevations
                         cannot be raised adjacent to the buildings or building dampness will increase.

                         For regrading to be a useful improvement, it must be considered in the
                         reconstruction of the surface troughs. The elevations in the middle of the
                         interior should be raised approximately 15 inches. This requires approximately
                         700 to 900 cubic yards of fill.

                         Bringing fill to the site and its placement would cost about $16 to $22 per
                         cubic yard. Seeding the newly placed fill would cost an additional $1.00 to
                         $1.40 per square yard.

                   2.4          RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE OF WATER QUALITY,
                                PLANT LIFE. CIRCULATION AND GENERAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE OF
                                THE MOAT AREA


                   We have identified three basic strategies for improving, water quality in the moat.
                   These include:


                         M      Deepening the moat











                 John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                 CLRR-92A7.004.01
                 August 9, 1995
                 Page 34


                        N      Removing vegetation
                        0      Providing a means of flushing the moat

                 Deepening the moat and vegetation removal can be accomplished by various
                 techniques described under 2.1 and 2.2.

                 Flushing the moat will improve the water circulation in the moat, and thus water
                 quality in the moat. The following are possible strategies for improving water
                 circulation in the moat:


                               Permanently lower water level in moat
                               Periodic pump down of the moat
                        M      Reconstruct the sluice gate to flush the moat during periods of low tide
                        E      Clea n the small ditch sluice gates at the south side


                 2.5           THE SLUICE GATE


                 The sluice gates  were installed years ago. At low tide, water would leave the moat
                 and drain into the river. Subsequently, fresh ground water would recharge the moat.
                 The sluice gates prevented the river from re-entering the moat at high tide. However,
                 the sluice gates have been inoperable for a number of years, thus preventing water
                 transfer.


                 Upgrading the sluice gates so that they would operate requires the following:

                               Inspection by diver
                               Remove silt on moat side of sluice gate
                               Remove silt on river side of sluice gate
                               Rehabilitate or replace the sluice gate valving
                               Construct platforms for safe operation of the sluice gate valves.

                 As an alternate to dredging the silt on the river side, piping could be installed from the
                 ;sluice gate crib structure into the Delaware River to a point where the river bottom is
                 sufficiently depth for the new piping to discharge. Without a hydrographic survey, we
                 cannot determine how long the piping must be extended. A similar installation PAI
                 in involved with upriver is costing approximately $53,000 for 150 feet of pipe.

                 Rehabilitation of the sluice gate is not an easy project. Desilting the moat side of the
                 sluice gate requires getting equipment into a difficult location. Desilting the river side
                 of the sluice gate has the potential of environmental damage to threatened and










                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   August 9, 1995
                   Page 35


                   endangered species and disturbance and wildlife. We suggest a budget estimate of
                   $90,000 to $120,000 dollars for this work. It should also be noted that ongoing
                   maintenance is required if the sluice gate were rehabilitated, due to continued siltation
                   on the river side and moat side. There would be temporary environmental impact
                   because of the difficulty of getting equipment to this location. Equipment and
                   material would most likely be brought in from the Delaware River, or by floating
                   through the moat.

                   As an alternate means for improving water quality by flushing action, we recommend
                   constructing a new tide gate in the small ditch which previously drains the moat to
                   the south. A new tide gate is essentially a check valve, as opposed to a sluice gate,
                   which is a vertically rising gate valve. The tide gate opens when the upstream water
                   level exceed the downstream water level, as is the case for a failing tide. During
                   rising tide conditions, the tide gate closes to prevent river water from entering the
                   moat.


                   Installing a tide gate would involve deepening and widening the ditch . Additionally
                   a structure would be constructed within the stream to support a tide gate (Figures 8
                   & 9). This structure, with tide gate, would replace the function of the existing, but
                   inoperable, sluice gate. It is a preferred alternative because it will be easier to access
                   for operation and maintenance. Additionally, it will be less subject to siltation. During
                   low tide the tide gate would open and allow part of the moat to drain into the river.
                   During rising tide, the tide gate closes. No river water re-enters the moat. However
                   the moat would be replenished by ground water recharge. We estimate that
                   construction of a new tide gate in the small ditch would cost in the range of
                   $50,000.00 to $70,000.00. There would be temporary environmental impact
                   because of the difficulty of getting equipment to this location. Equipment and
                   material would most likely be brought in from the Delaware River, or by floating
                   through the moat.










               John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
               CLRR-92A7.004.01
               August 9, 1995
               Page 36


               If you should have any questions on this report, please do not hesitate to contact this
               office.


               Very truly yours,

               PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC.




               Albert W. Ricciardi                                       V. Richard Mariani, P.E.
               Manager, Environmental Sciences                            Director of Engineering

               DJM/tim


               CLRR-92A7.004.01 fteporQ.doc









                               PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC.


         TO:           Rick Ricciardi


         FROM:         Daniel
                            Martin


         DATE:         August 1, 1995

         RE:           Ft. Mifflin
                       CLRR-92A7.004.01




         The following information documents our research into the mean high water and mean low
         water elevations at Ft. Mifflin, Philadelphia Co., PA.

         The vertical datum for the client provided Ft. Mifflin survey is based on a City of
         Philadelphia datum that is 6.019' lower than NGVD 1929. This difference converts a
         reading of 0.00' mean sea level for Fort Mifflin to a 6.019' for NGVD 1929.

         I have not been able to obtain mean low and mean high water levels at the Fort, therefore
         nearby gauged areas were used, with data interpolated when necessary. The information
         presented below is using both NGVD 1929 and Fort Mifflin vertical datum.


         Mean hiah water    Mean high water for the mouth of the Schuylkill River (at the
                            Delaware River) is +3.5' msl (-2.519' Fort Mifflin). Ft. Mifflin is
                            approximately 1.4 miles down river. Since this is close, it is
                            reasonable to use this figure for Ft. Mifflin.

         Mean low water     Mean low water for Pier 9 (Delaware River at Race Street) is -2.36'
                            msl (-8.379' Fort Mifflin). Ft. Mifflin is approximately 7 miles
                            downriver.


                            Mean low water for the Raccoon Creek, Bridgeport, New Jersey is
                            1.78' rnsl (-7.799' Fort Mifflin). Fort Mifflin is approximately 10.5
                            upriver.

                            Interpolating the data for Pier 9 and Raccoon Creek, Mean low
                            water for Ft. Mifflin is approximately -2.07' msI (-8.089' Fort
                            Mifflin).

         With this information, the difference between mean high and mean low waters for Ft.
         Mifflin is about 5.6'. As previously discussed, I have not seen these fluctuation in the
         moat.






                                       Pennoni Associates Inc.
                                       Consulting Engineers








               Pennoni Associates Inc.
                                         1600 Callowhill Street, Philadelphia, PA 19130, Tel: 215-561-0460, Fax: 215-496-0063


                   CLRR 92A7.004.01


                                                       October 17, 1995



                   John Scott Rodgers, AIA, Principal
                   C.L.R. Design, Inc.
                   115 North Third St.
                   Philadelphia, Pa. 19106


                   Attn: Mara Baird


                   RE:            Fort Mifflin on the Delaware
                                  Impact of Lowering Ground Water Level
                                  Philadelphia, Pa.

                   Dear Mr. Rodgers:

                   The following has been prepared in response to the question, of impact to historic
                   structures in the Fort, if the water level of the moat was lowered. It is presumed that
                   the water level is lowered between six to twelve inches from existing conditions.

                   It is our opinion that lowering the water in the moat this depth should have no effect
                   on the buildings and Fort's foundation. We presume that the foundations were
                   prudently constructed to a depth of several feet below grade. Thus if the moat was
                   lowered, the water table beneath the Fort would still be above the bottom of the
                   foundations and the load bearing conditions for the foundations would not change.

                   If it were possible to dry out the foundations beneath the Fort, the pore pressures in
                   the soil would be diminished. This diminishment would cause a settlement of the soil.
                   Soil settlement is a slow process. Without consolidation testing the rate of settlement
                   can not be predicted. However in this case here, there is no possibility of drying out
                   the soil beneath the foundation.


                   What is critical is any differential in lowering the water table. For instance, if the water
                   table were lowered below part of the structure but not another, there would most
                   likely be settlement in the section bearing on the dry soils. The significant aspect here
                   is the differences in settlement. It is the differences in settlement that cause cracking
                   and structural problems.

                   If the water level in the moat was completely drawn down for cleaning or other
                   purposes, the water table of the Fort interior would not be lowered instantaneously.
                   However, there would be a somewhat uniform rate of soil drying under the entire Fort.
                   Under this scenario, differential settlements is minimized. We also presume that the
                   draw down of the moat is temporary and the water level returns as soon as practical.
                                                   R    Consulting Engineers










                    C.L.R. Design, Inc.            October 17, 1995                               2


                   To summarize again, lowering the water table in the moat by six to twelve inches, as
                   discussed in our August 9, 1995 report, should have no effect on the Fort structure.


                   Very truly yours,

                   PENN I ASSOCIATES INC.





                   V. Richard Mariani, P.E.
                   Registered Professional Engineer

                   VRM:cap

                   cc: Dan Martin



















                                                                                    TABLE I


                                                                    VEGETATION IDENTIFIED ONSITE


                                                                                           REGIONAL          NATIONAL
                                                                                           WETLANDS          WETLANDS
                                                                                           INDICATOR         INDICATOR
           COMMON NAME                           SCIENTIFIC NAME                           STATUS            STATUS

           American Elm                          Ulmus arnericana                          FACW-             FAC, FACW

           Arrow Arum                            Peltandra, virginica                      OBL               OBL

           Arrowwood                             Viburnum dentaturn                        FAC               FAC

           Aspen                                 Populus tremola                           FACU              FACU,FAC+

           Aster                                 Aster spp
           Bedstraw                              Galiurn spp.
           Black Cherry                          Prunus serotina.                          FACU              FACU
           Black Willow                          Salix nigra                               FACW+             UPL, OBL
           Blackberry                            Rubus allegheniensis                      FACU-             FACU-, FAC-
           Bull Thistle                          Cirsium vulgare                           FACU              UPL, FACU
           Buttercup                             Ranunculus spp.
           Catalpa                               Catalpa bignonioides                      FACW              FACW
           Cattail                               Typha latifolia                           OBL               OBL
           Chickory                              Cichoriurn intybus                        UPI,              UPI,
           Choke Cherry                          Prunus virginiana                         FACU              FACU-, FACU+
           Clover                                Trifoliurn spp.
           Common Grape                          Vitis spp.
           Common Milkweed                       Asclepias syriaca                         UPL
           Common Reed                           Phragmites australis                      FACW              FACW,FACW+

           Common Violet                         Viola papilionacea,                       FAC               FACU,FAC
           Dog Bane                              Apocynum sibiricurn                       FAC               FAC-, FAC+
           Duckweed Big                          Spirodela polyrhiza                       OBL               OBL
           Evening Primrose                      Oenothera biennis                         FACU-
           Garlic Mustard                        Allaria petiolata                         FACU-             FACU-, FACW+
           Goldenrod                             Solidago spp.
           Gray Birch                            Betula populifolia                        FAC               FAC

           Greenbrier                            Smilax rotundifolia                       FAC               FAC

           Ground Ivy                            Glechoma hederacea                        FACU              UPL, FACU+

           Jack-In-The-.Pulpit                   Arisema triphyllum                        FACW-             FAC, FACW
           Japanese Honeysuckle                  Lonicera japonica                         FAC-              FACU,FAC+












             Jewelweed                            Impatiens capensis                       FACW             FACW, FACW+
             Joe-Pye Weed                         Eupatoriadelphus maculatas               FACW             FACW-, OBL
             Milkweed                             Ascelepias variegata                     OBL              OBL
             Morning Glory                        lpomoea purpurea                         UPI,             UPI,
             Nine Hark                            Physocarpus opulifolius                  FACW-
             Onion Grass                          Allium spp.
             Path Rush                            Juncus tenuis;                           FAC-             FAC-, FACW
             Pokeweed                             Phytolacca americana                     FACU+            FACU+, FAC
             Purple Loosestrife                   Lythrum salicaria                        FACW+            FACW+,OBL
             Red Maple                            Acer rubrum                              FAC              FAC
             River Birch                          Betula nigra                             FACW             FACW,OBL
             Rose                                 Rosa multiflora                          FACU             UPL, FACU
             Rye Grass                            Secale cereale

             Sassafras                            Sassafras albidum                        FACU-            FACU-, FACU

             Sensitive Fem                        Onoclea sensibilis                       FACW

             Silky Dogwood                        Comus amonum                             FACW             FACW,FACW+
             Soft Rush                            Juncus effusus                           FACW+            FACW+,OBL
             Sumac                                Rhus glabra                              UPI,             UPI,

             Sycamore                             Plantanus occidentalis                   FACW-            FAC, FACW
             Tall Boneset                         Ageritina altissimum                     FACU-            UPL, FAC
             Tartanian Honeysuckle                Lonicera tatarica                        FACU             FACU
             Tulip Poplar                         Liriodendron tulipifera                  FACU             FACU,FAC
             Violet                               Viola papilionacea                       FAC              FACU,FAC
             Virginia Creeper                     Parthenocissis quinquefolia              FACU             FACU,FAC
             White Mulberry                       Morus alba                               UPI,             UPI,

             Wild Carrot                          Daucus carota                            UPI,             UPI,

             Wild Grape                           Vitis spp.                               ----
             Wild Onion                           Allium spp.
             Wild Strawberry                      Fragaria virginia                        FACU             UPL, FAC











                                                   COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
                                               DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RE!opm
           PENNSYLVANIA                                 Rachel Carson State Office Building         _wED
                                                                   P.O. Box 8552              jUL 0
                                                            Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552
                                                                    June 28, 1995       PENNON ASSOC. iN'r!,,,.
                                                                                                     717n87-3444
              Bureau of Forestry




              Dave Fennimore
              Pennoni Associates, Inc.
              515 Grove Street, Suite 2C
              Haddon Heights, NJ 0803 5

              RE:    PNDI Review of the Fort Nfifflin Area, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
                     PAI File No. CLRR 92A7.004.01


              Dear Mr. Fennimore:

                     In response to your request of April 28, 1995, the referenced area, mapped on the Philadelphia
              quadrangle was reviewed for the presence of natural resources of special concern using the Pennsylvania
              Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) information system.

                     Tidal mudflats in this area support three emergent aquatic plant species of special concern.
              Ele-ocharis obtusa var. peased, Wrights Spike-rush, is listed as Endangered, and, Antaranthus
              cannabinus, Waterhemp Ragweed, and Zizania aquatica, Indian Wild Rice, are listed as Rare in
              Pennsylvania.

                     Any projects which cause disturbance of tidal mudflats will negatively impact critical habitat for
              these species. Efforts to conserve these plants and their habitat should be included in any project planning
              at Fort NEfflin.


                     PNDI is a site specific information system which describes significant natural resources of
              Pennsylvania. PNDI includes data descriptive of plant and animal species of special concern, exemplary
              natural communities and unique geological features. This response represents the most up-to-date
              summary of the PNDI data files. However, an absence of recorded information does not necessarily
              imply actual conditions on-site. A field survey may reveal previously unreported populations.









             An Equal OpportunitylAffirmative Action Employer                                      Recycled Paper










               Dave Fennimore                                -2-                                 June 28, 1995



                      Be advised that legal authority for Pennsylvania!s biological resources resides with three
               administrative agencies. The enclosure titled PNDIManagement Agencies, outlines which species groups
               are managed by these agencies. Please phone this office if you have questions concerning this response or
               the PNDI system.

                                                                 Sincerely,
                                                                ego,
                                                                 Edward T. Dix
                                                                 Botanist
               Enclosure                                         Forest Advisory Services












                                        PENNSYLVANIA NATURAL DIVERSITY INVENTORY


                                                           MANAGEMENT AGENCIES




                                  The statutorv authority for Pennsylvania's animals and plants resides with three separate
                          agencies. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources has the responsibility for
                          management of the Commonwealth's native wild plants. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat
                          Commission is responsible for management of fish, reptiles, amphibians and aquatic organisms
                          within the Commonwealth. The Pennsvivania Game Commission has the responsibility for
                          managing the state's wild birds and mammals.

                                  For information on current species status, please consult the appropriate agency. Requests
                          for information should be directed to:


                          Plants and PNDI - P-eneral       Plant Program Manager
                                                           PA Department of Environmental Resources
                                                           Bureau of Forestry
                                                           Forest Advisorv Services
                                                           P.O. Box 8552
                                                           Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552
                                                           (717) 787-3444


                          FISH, REPTILES,
                          AMPHIBIANS,
                          AOUATIC ORGANISMS                Endangered Species & Herpetology Coordinator
                                                           Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission
                                                           Bureau of Fisheries and Engineering
                                                           450 Robinson Lane
                                                           Bellefonte, PA 16823
                                                           (814) 359-5113

                          BIRDS and MAMMALS                Pennsylvania Game Commission
                                                           Bureau of Wildlife Management
                                                           2001 Elmerton Avenue
                                                           Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797
                                                           (717) 787-5529

                          For information on species listed under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 occurring in
                          Pennsvlvania, contact:
                                                           Endangered Species Biologist
                                                           U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                                                           315 South Allen Street, Suite 322
                                                           State College, PA 16801
                                                           (814) 2344090






                                                                    RECEIVED
                                COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA         Jffift 2 4 iggs
                               PENNSYLVANIA FISH & BOAT COMMISSION
                                   Division of Fisheries Management PENN0N1 ASSOC, 0
                                        450 Robinson Lane
                                      Bellefonte, PA 16823-9620
                                         (814) 359-5110


                                        May 22, 1995





             PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC.
             Dave Fennimore
             515 Grove Street Suite 2C
             Haddon Heights, NJ 08035

             Dear Mr. Fennimore:

             RE: Environmental Assessment
                  Fort Mifflin
                  Philadelphia Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania

             I have examined the map accompanying your recent correspondence
             which shows the location for the proposed above referenced project.

             Presently, none of the fishes, amphibians, or reptiles we list as
             endangered or threatened are known to occur at or in the immediate
             vicinity of this study area.

             sincerely,


             Andrew L. Shiels
             Herpetology, Endangered Species &
             Triploid Grass Carp Coordinator


             sal











                                                                                                                                                                                     ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAUS:
                                                                                     COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                                                          ADMINISTRATION      ...............   717-787-5670
                                                                                                                                                                             AUTOMOTIVE AND
                                        Ll                                                                                                             77,                   PROCUREMENT DIVISION.          .... 717-787-6594
                                                                                                                                                                             LICENSE DIVISION ....
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ..717-787-2084
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    -787-7836
                                                                                                -N-S-Y                   VA 4              !I                                PERSONNEL DIVISION       ...   ..... 717
                                                                                                                                                                           WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT          .....    .717-787 5529
                                                                                                                                                                           INFORMATION & EDUCATION. . -.717-787-6286
                                                                                                                                                                                                        ......   @ 317-787-5740
                                                                                                                                 is                                        LAW ENFORCEMENT.. .
                                                                                                                                         SID
                                                                                                         0,
                                                                                         Jq-
                                                                                                                                                                           LAND MANAGEMENT          .......      ... 717-787-6818
                                                                                                                                                                             REAL ESTATE DIVISION       ........ 717-787-6568
                                                                                              2001 ELMERTON AVENUE                                                         MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
                                                                                            HARRISBURG, PA 17110-9797                                                      SYSTEMS     ........     ......       ..717-787-4076
                                                                                                          May 25,1995                                                 R    -ECEIVED
                                   W. Dave Fennimore
                                   Pennoni Associates, Inc.                                                                                                             MAY 3 0 eg'5
                                   5 15 Gr ove Street
                                   Suite 2C                                                                                                                DENN"DNIASSOC. INr
                                   Haddon Heights NJ 08035




                                   Dear W. Fennimore:


                                                In response to your request for information services, we are providing the enclosed printouts fi-om. the Pennsylvania
                                   Fish and Wildlife Data Base. This information was provided for species occurring at or near the Fort Mifflin Project,
                                   Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania.

                                                We have record of the Short-eamd Owl, IAast Rittem, and the King Raff (PA Threatened) occurring in the
                                   Woodbury Quadrangle. A field survey is necessary to determine whether these species occur within your project area.
                                   Additional comments concerning this data search are included on the following page.



                                                The bill for this service is as follows:


                                                                                         Staff Time                                          12.00
                                                                                         Printing                                             2.30
                                                                                         Mailing Cost                                           .98
                                                                                         TOTAL                                             S15.28


                                                Please make reimbursement to the Pennsylvania Game Commission, Division of Wildlife Data Base, 2001
                                   Elmerton Avenue, Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797.

                                                Ifyou have any questions or require assistance interpreting this printout, please contact Ms. Bullock at (717) 787-
                                   1570.



                                                                                                       Very truly yours,




                                                                                                       Denver A. McDowell, Chief
                                                                                                       Division of Environmental PI                    i g
                                                                                                       and Habitat Protection
                                                                                                       Bureau of Land Management







                                                                                                         An Equal Opportunity Employer








                         Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                        LIST A: Endangered and Threatened Species
                                    Fort Mifflin Project
                                         11 MAY 1995


         Note:  The purpose of the following list is to identify endangered
                or threatened species which occur or are likely to occur on
                a designated site. We have record of the following species
                occurring in or near your project area. Their occurrence
                may depend on season, habitat type, and individual movements
                or migration patterns. Field surveys may be required to
                determine whether these species exist on your project area.
                If an endangered/threatened bird or mammal survey is planned
                for a project site, please contact the Division of Wildlife
                Data Base, Pennsylvania Game Commission (717-787-1570).


         Quadrangles Included:
                Woodbu'ry
                Philadelphia


    Comon Name       ............. Scientific Name ............. Status .................
    Sturgeon, Shortnose            Acipenser brevirostrum        PA   Fed Endangered
    Falcon, Peregrine              Falco peregrinus              PA   Fed Endangered



    owl, Short-eared               Asio flameus                  PA Endangered
    Rail, King                     Rallus elegans                PA Endangered



    Turtle, Redbelly               Chrysemys rubriventris        PA Threatened
    Bittern, Least                 Ixobrychus exilis             PA Threatened
    Egret, Great                   Casmerodius albus egretta     PA Threatened








                           Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                          LIST B: Potential Special Concern Species
                          (Includes Accidental and Migrant Species)
                                      Fort Mifflin Project
                                       Philadelphia County
                                           11 MAY 1995


           Note: The purpose of the following list is to identify endangered,
                 threatened, and special concern species which may potentially
                 occur within a designated area. This list includes species
                 which may exist on your project area as well as migrating and
                 accidental species. This information is based on records of
                 these animals inhabiting specific habitat types within
                 Philadelphia County.



      Status ............................................    No. of
                                                             Species
                                                              Listed

      PA / Fed Endangered                                          3
      PA Endangered                                                6
      Fed Endangered                                               1
      PA Threatened                                                8
      Candidate Species                                           24

      Total Species Listed:                                       42








                         Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                        LIST B: Potential Special Concern Species
                        (Includes Accidental and Migrant Species)
                                    Fort Mifflin Project
                                     Philadelphia County
                                         11 MAY 1995



    Common Name .................  Scientific Name ............  Status .................

    Sturgeon, Shortnose            Acipenser brevirostrum        PA   Fed Endangered
    Eagle, Bald                    Haliaeetus leucocephalus      PA   Fed Endangered
    Falcon, Peregrine              Falco peregrinus              PA   Fed Endangered



    Frog, New Jersey Chorus        Pseudacris triseriata kalmi-PA   Endangered
    Turtle, Bog                    Clemmys muhlenbergi           PA Endangered
    Osprey                         Pandion haliaetus             PA Endangered
    Owl, Short-eared               Asio flammeus                 PA Endangered
    Rail, King                     Rallus elegans                PA Endangered
    Tern, Black                    Chlidonias niger              PA Endangered



    Tern, Least                    Sterna antillarum             Fed Endangered



    Sturgeon, Atlantic             Acipenser oxyrhynchus         PA Threatened
    Turtle, Redbelly               Chrysemys rubrivent@ris       PA Threatened
    Bittern, American              Botaurus lentiginosus         PA Threatened
    Bittern, Least                 Ixobrychus exilis             PA Threatened
    Egret, Great                   Casmerodius albus egretta     PA Threatened
    Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied     Empidonax flaviventris        PA Threatened
    Heron, Yellow-crowned Night    Nycticorax violaceus          PA Threatened
    Sandpiper, Upland              Bartramia longicauda          PA Threatened



    Harrier, Northern              Circus cyaneus                Candidate - At Risk
    Owl, Common Barn               Tyto alba                     Candidate  - At Risk
    Snipe, Common                  Gallinago gallinago           Candidate  - At Risk
    Sparrow, Henslow's             Ammodramus henslowii          Candidate  - At Risk
    Warbler, Prothonotary          Protonotaria citrea           Candidate  - At Risk



    Coot, American                 Fulica americana              Candidate  - Rare
    Goshawk, Northern              Accipiter gentilis            Candidate  - Rare
    Grebe, Pied-billed             Podilymbus podiceps           Candidate  - Rare
    Grosbeak, Blue                 Guiraca caerulea              Candidate  - Rare
    Tanager, Summer                Piranga rubra                 Candidate  - Rare
    Teal, Green-winged             Anas crecca                   Candidate  - Rare
    Thrush, Swainson's             Catharus ustulatus            Candidate  - Rare
    Wren, Marsh                    Cistothorus palustris         Candidate  - Rare
    Bat, Silver-haired             Lasionycteris noctivagans     Candidate  - Rare


                                              I








                                Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                               LIST B: Potential Special Concern Species
                               (includes Accidental and Migrant Species)
                                           Fort Mifflin Project
                                            Philadelphia County
                                                11 MAY 1995



           r.'ommon Name ................. Scientific Name ............ Status .................



           Bobwhite, Northern            Colinus virginianus           Candidate  - Undeterm
           ,-'rossbill, Red              Loxia curvirostra             Candidate  - Undeterm
           Dickcissel                    Spiza americana               Candidate  - Undeterm
           Duck, Ruddy                   Oxyura jamaicensis            Candidate  - Undeterm
           Egret, Cattle                 Bubulcus ibis ibis            Candidate  - Undeterm
           Gadwall                       Anas strepera                 Candidate  - Undeterm
           Nighthawk, Common             Chordeiles minor              Candidate  - Undeterm
           Owl, Long-eared               Otus asio                     Candidate  - Undeterm
           Owl, Northern Saw-whet        Aegolius acadicus             Candidate  - Undeterm
           Wigeon, American              Anas americana                Candidate  - Undeterm

































                                                    2









                                                                            Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                                                                                                  @pecies Land Use/Cover Type List
                                                               LIST C: Potential Special Concern  4,
                                                                                      Fort Mifflin Project
                                                                                       Philadelphia County
                                                                                           11 MAY 1995







                                                                 Land Use/Cover Type                                  No. Species


                                                                 Urban Land                                                10
                                                                 Agricultural Land - Cropland/Pasture                      25
                                                                 Agricultural Land - Orchards/Vineyards/Nurseries            7
                                                                 Agricultural Land - Confined Feeding Operations             3

                                                                 Rangeland - Herbaceous                                    18
                                                                 Rangeland - Shrub/Brush                                   12
                                                                 Rangeland - Mixed                                         12

                                                                 Forest Land - Deciduous                                   22
                                                                 Forest Land - Evergreen                                   19
                                                                 Forest Land - Mixed                                       20


                                                                 Water - Streams/Rivers/Canals                             21
                                                                 Water - Lakes                                             19
                                                                 Water - Reservoirs                                        19
                                                                 Water - Estuaries                                         18


                                                                 Wetland - Forested                                        27
                                                                 Wetland - Nonforested                                     24


                                                                 Barren Land                                                 8










                                                                                   Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                                                                     LIST C: Potential Special Concern Species Land Use/Cover Type List
                                                                                              Fort Mifflin Project
                                                                                               Philadelphia County
                                                                                                    11 MAY 1995
              Species                             Feeding Behavior                                                                     Land Use/Cover Type

       Common Name  ...................    *Stat. Herb Omni Carn.. Urban.. Agric Agric Agric.. Range Range Range.. Forest Forest Forest.. Water. Water Water. Water.. Wetlnd Wetlnd.. Barren.
                                                                               Crops Orchd Feed        Herb Shrub Mix          Decid Conif Mix          Stream Lake Reserv         Bay  Forest Non-For
                                                                      (10's)    (21) (22) (23)          (31) (32) (33)         (41)    (42)    (43)       (51)    (52) (53)        (54)    (61)     (62)  (70's)

       Sturgeon, Atlantic                    T                   X                                                                                        X                        X
       Sturgeon. Shortnose                   E                   X                                                                                                                 X




       Frog, New Jersey Chorus               E                   X               X                       X      X       X       X                X                                         X        X




       Turtle, Bog                           E            X                      X                       X      X       X                                 X                                X                 X
       Turtle, Redbelly                      T            X                                                                                               X       X       X                X




       Bittern, American                     T                   X                                                                                        X       X       X        X       X        X
       Bittern, Least                        T                   X                                                                                        X       X       X        X       X        X
       Bobwhite, Northern                    W            X                      X                       X      X       X       X       X        X                                         X
       Coot, American                        V            X                      X                                                                        X       X       X        X       X        X
       Crossbill, Red                        W            X                             X                                       X       X        X                                         X
       Dickcissel                            W            X              X       X      X                X      X       X
       Duck, Ruddy                           W            X                                                                                               X       X       X                         X
       Eagle, Bald                           E                   X               X                                              X       X        X        X       X       X                X        X
       Egret. Cattle                         W                   X               X              X        X      X       X       X       X        X        X       X       X        X       X        X
       Egret, Great                          T                   X               X                                              X       X                 X       X       X        X       X        X
       Falcon, Peregrine                     E                   X       X       X                       X      X       X                        X                                         X        X        X
       Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied            T            X                                                                     X       X        X                                         X
       Gadwall                               W            X                      X                       X                              X                 X       X       X        X       X        X
       Goshawk. Northern                     V                   X               X              X        X                      X       X        X                                         X
       Grebe, Pied-billed                    V                   X                                                                                        X       X       X        X                X
       Grosbeak, Blue                        V            X                                              X      X       X       X


                           Status Codes: E   = Endangered; T     Threatened.         Candidate Classifications: U - At Risk; V - Rare: W - Undetermined           Status;  Y - Unspecified.









                                                                          Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                                                              LIST C: Potential Special Concern Species Land Use/Cover Type List
                                                                                     Fort Mifflin Project
                                                                                      Philadelphia County
                                                                                          11 MY 1995
             Species                        Feeding Behavior                                                            Land Use/Cover Type

       Common Name ................... *Stat. Herb Omni Carn.. Urban.. Agric Agric Agric.. Range Range Range.. Forest Forest Forest.. Water. Water Water. Water.. Wetlnd Wetlnd.. Barren.
                                                                       Crops Orchd Feed      Herb Shrub Mix      Decid Conif Mix        Stream Lake Reserv    Bay   Forest Mon-For
                                                               (10's)   (21) (22) (23)       (31) (32) (33)      (41)   (42)    (43)     (51)   (52) (53)     (54)   (61)    (62)    (70's)

       Harrier. Northern                U                 X       X      X                    X     X      X                                                                  X         X
       Heron, Yellow-crowned Night      T                 X              X                                        X      X        X       X      X     X       X      X       X
       Nighthawk, Common                W                 X       X      X                    X
       Osprey                           E                 X       X                                               X      X        X       X      X     X       X      X       X
       Owl, Common Barn                 U                 X       X      X      X      X                          X      X        X                                   X       X
       Owl, Long-eared                  W                 X       X      X      X             X     X      X      X      X        X                                   X
       Owl, Northern Saw-whet           W                 X              X                                        X      X        X                                   X
       Owl, Short-eared                 E                 X              X                    X     X      X                                                   X              X         X
       Rail, King                       E           X                    X                                                                X      X     X       X              X
       Sandpiper, Upland                T           X             X      X                    X                   X      X        X
       Snipe, Common                    U           X                    X      X             X     X      X      X      X        X                                   X       X         X
       Sparrow, Henslow's               U           X                    X                    X                                                                               X
       Tanager, Summer                  V           X                           X                                 X               X                                   X
       Teal, Green-winged               V           X                    X                    X                   X      X        X       X      X     X       X      X       X         X
       Tern, Black                      E                 X                                                                               X      X     X                      X
       Tern, Least                      E                 X                                                                               X      X     X       X                        X
       Thrush, Swainson's               V           X             X                                               X      X        X                                   X
       Warbler. Prothonotary            U                 X                                                       X                                                   X
       Wigeon, American                 W           X                    X                                        X      X        X       X      X     X       X      X       X
       Wren, Marsh                      V                 X                                                                               X      X     X       X              X




       Bat, Silver-haired               V           X             X      X      X             X     X      X      X      X        X       X      X     X       X      X       X         X








                        Status Codes: E = Endangered; T    Threatened.      Candidate Classifications: U    At Risk; V - Rare; W - Undetermined Status: Y - Unspecified.

                                                                                               2







              Pennoni Associates Inc.
                              515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174



                                                  April 28, 1995




              CLRR-92A7.004.01


              Gregory Grabowicz, Director
              Bureau of Land Management
              Pennsylvania Game Commission
              Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
              2001 Elmerton Avenue
              Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797

              Re:    Fort Mifflin
                     Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

              Clear Mr. Grabowicz:


              Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter.

              Vie are requesting the Bureau review your files and provide us with a listing of state
              threatened or endangered wildlife species occurring in the vicinity of the proposed
              development.

              Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S.
              Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to
              this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is
              preparing.

              If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this
              office.


              Very truly yours,

              PEN          SOCIATES INC.




              Da    Fennimore
              Environmental Scientist


              cc: John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc.
              UF/pm/92A7004.01 \arabowicz.hr






                                                     Consulting Engineers






                  Pennoni Associates- Inc.
                                  515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174




                                                         April 28, 1995



                     CLRR 92A7.004.01


                     Kurt W. Carr, Chief
                     Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission
                     Bureau for Historic Preservation
                     Division of Archaeology and Protection
                     Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
                     Box 1026
                     Harrisburg, PA 17108-1026


                     Re:   Fort Mifflin
                           Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

                     Dear Mr. Carr:

                     Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design, Inc., in the above referenced matter.

                     While we are aware that Fort Mifflin is a National Historic Landmark, we are
                     requesting the Division review your files and provide us with a listing of other National
                     Register eligible or listed historic or archaeological properties that may be in the
                     vicinity of the proposed development.

                     Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S.
                     Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to
                     this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is
                     preparing.

                     If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this
                     office.


                     Very truly yours,

                     PE 0              IATES INC.



                     Dav Fennimore
                     Environmental Scientist
                                       IATES I
                      ir@F@ennim@r2

                     cc: John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc.
                     MffirnWA7004.01 lcwr.kr


                                                    Wi    Consulting Engineers






                                                                                                .7 9 1- '314
             Pennoni Associates Inc.
                             515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174






                                                    April 28, 1995


                 CLRR 92A7.004.01




                 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
                 Bureau of Forestry/FAS
                 P.O. Box 8552
                 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552

                 Re:   Fort Mifflin
                       Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

                 Dear Sir/Madam:


                 Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter.

                 Enclosed is a Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (P.N.D.I.) Search Request Form.

                 Also, enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ
                 U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your
                 response to this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our
                 office is preparing.

                 If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this
                 office.


                 Very truly yours,

                 PE         SSOCIATES INC.




                 Dave Fennimore
                 Environmental Scientist


                 [email protected]
                 7
                            SSOC"
                      -1-





                 cc:   John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc.




                                                     Consulting Engineers







                Pennoni Associates Inc.
                                515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174




                                                      April 28, 1995




                    CLRR-92A7.004.01                  1 W


                    Andrew Shiels, Coordinator
                    Herpetology & Endangered Species
                    Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
                    Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
                    450 Robinson Lane
                    Belefonte, PA 16823


                    Re:  Fort Mifflin
                         Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

                    Dear Mr. Shiels:


                    Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter.

                    We are requesting the Bureau review your files and provide us with a listing of state
                    threatened or endangered fish, reptiles, amphibians or aquatic organisms occurring in
                    the vicinity of the proposed development.

                    Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S.
                    Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to
                    this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is
                    preparing.

                    If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this
                    office.


                    Very truly yours,

                    P           SOCIATES INC.



                    D e Fennimore
                    Environmental Scientist


                    cc: John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc.
                                SOCIA1
                    )Fae Fe7nnimore


                    DRpmI92A7004.01 WWak.kr


                                                 QlConsulting Engineers







               Pennoni Associates Inc.
                               515 Grove Street, Suite 2C, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, Tel: 609-547-0505, Fax: 609-547-9174




                                                      May 24, 1995




                 CLRR-92A7.004.01


                 Denver McDowell, Coordinator
                 Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                 Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
                 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
                 2001 Elmerton Avenue
                 Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797

                 Re:    Fort Mifflin
                        Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

                 Dear Mr. McDowell:


                 Pennoni Associates Inc., represents CLR Design Inc., in the above referenced matter.

                 We are requesting the Commission provide a printout from the Pennsylvania Fish and
                 Wildlife Data Base a listing of species that occurring at or near Historic Fort Mifflin,
                 Philadelphia County, PA.      The site is located on Island Avenue southeast of
                 Philadelphia International Airport.

                 Enclosed for your use is the project area located on the Philadelphia, PA-NJ U.S.G.S.
                 Topographic Quadrangle (N 0"; W 12.4" from lower right corner). Your response to
                 this request will be incorporated in an Environmental Assessment that our office is
                 preparing.

                 We have identified the following classifications per Anderson Land use/cover type
                 which has been further refined by Cowardin wetland nomenclature.


                 Anderson



                 Other Urban or Built-up Land                    Code 17
                 Herbaceous Rangeland                            Code 31
                 Deciduous Forest Land                           Codes 412 and 413
                 Reservoirs                                      Code 53
                 Bays and Estuaries                              Code 54
                 Nonforested Wetlands                            Code 62





                                                       Consulting Engineers











                   Denver McDowell, Coordinator
                   Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                   CLRR-92A7.004.01
                   May 24, 1995
                   Page 2

                   Cowardin Wetland


                   Palustrine Emergent, Persistent               PEM1
                   Palustrine Emergent, Nonpersistent            PEM2
                   Palustrine, open water                        POW
                   Estuarine, Intertidal-Delaware River          El
                   Estuarine, Sub-tidal-Delaware River           E2


                   If you should have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this
                   office.


                   Very truly yours,

                   PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC.



                   Daniel J@Martin
                   Environmental Scientist


                   cc- John Scott Rodgers, CLR Design Inc.


                   DJM\tim\9 2A7004.01 \mcdowenltr





















                                                                                         1  N
                                                                                                  -7



                                                                                   -0y




                                                                                                             Mu
                                                                                                           Is      nd
                                                                SEWAGE



















                                                                    te



                                                                                                               0 l4
                                                                               V,           MAD)
                                                                                                   MkJA
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                                 ERNATION                                                     Ile
                     T                                   M.-



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                                                                  '40



                                                                                                           Flat



                                                                                                          if
                                 71s                                                 V-6



                          00





                                                           FIGURE 1                       SOURCE:
                                                    LOCA11ON MAP                             U.S.G.S.TOPOGRAPHIC QUADS
              Pennoni Associates Inc.                                                       rum PHILADELPHIA, PA-NJ
                                                      SCALE 1: 24.000                              WOODBURY, NJ-PA

                                                                                                                CLRR-92A7.004.01







                                                The Birds of North America

                                                                Life Historiesfor the 21st Century




                  June 16,1995

                  -Pemoni Associates Inc.
                  515 Grove Plaza
                  Haddon Heights, NJ 08035

                  TO whom it may concern:
                  On May 18,1995 1 received a phone call from an employee of Pennord Associates re'questing information
                  @on the birds of Historic Fort Mifflin in Philadelptda for a project ur company is. working on,
                                                                                  YO               ?
                  Unfortunately I lost the gentleman7s name who called, and it was not listed on a fax he sent me later
                  that day. I hope that tNs communication will be routed to the right individual.;

                  For the past 9 years I have organized a mid-winter bird census of Philadelphia rLounty. Each year this
                  census has been held during mid January (dates vary somewhat from year to year) and an areas within
                  the Philadelphia County limits are fair game. We have only recently gained access to (be Fort Mifflin
                  area, so our data on this area is limited. When we have had access to the Fort we've counted birds seen
                  on the Delaware, around the moat, and along the "nature trail" &om* of the Fort. Areas without trail
                  access (wetlands) could not be censused. In addition, I have visited the Fort in mid-December several
                  times over the last four years. Based on my own observations (n-dd-December 199Q-1994) and those made
                  by others during our census (mid-January, 1990-1994), 1 prepared the attached list This is not an
                  exhaustive list. There are obviously many other species that occur at the Fort du@ng the winter that
                  we have not yet recorded on our brief visits. If you'd Ue information on the species observed at the Fort..,
                  during other seasons you should contact Mr. Ed Fingerhood at 637-2741. Also, no *tempt has been made
                  to indicate the relative abundance of each species on the attached list. Please letme know if have any
                  questions, or if you need any additional information.

                  Sincerely


                               72


                  Keith Russell
                  Assistant Editor/BNA
                  215 2"-3783 (phone)
                  215 2"-1182 (fax)













                                                                                                              3
                                                                             06/16/95 FRI 16:00 [TX/RX NO 54101






                          Published by The American 0mithologists'Union and The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
                                          19M Beniamin Franklin Parkway * Philadelphia PA 19103-1195
                                                    Phone., 215/299-1042 * Fax- 215/299-1182
















































































                                                                          06/16/95 FRI 16:00 [TX/RX NO 54101


Birds Observed at Historic Fort Mifflin in Philadelphia on the Philadelphia Mid-Winter Bird
Census, or by Keith Russell. Dates: Mid December-Mid January 1990-1994.


Great Blue Heron
Canada Goose
American Black Duck
Mallard
Lesser Scaup
Bufflehead
Common Merganser
Ruddy Duck
Red-tailed Hawk
American Kestrel
Ring-billed Gull
Herring Gull
Lesser Black-backed Gull*
Great Black-backed Gull
Rock Dove
Mourning Dove
Downy Woodpecker
Northern Flicker
Eastern Phoebe*
Blue Jay
American Crow
Fish Crow
Carolina Chickadee
Tufted Titmouse
Carolina Wren
American Robin
Gray Catbird*
Northern Mockingbird
European Starling
Northern Cardinal
American Tree Sparrow
Song Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow
White-throated Sparrow
Dark-eyed Junco
Red-winged Blackbird
House Finch
American Goldfinch
House Sparrow

*Rare or very uncommon during winter in Philadelphia.



										06/16/95 FRI 16:00 (TX/RX NO 5410)






                                   APPENDIX A

                             Pennsylvania Fish and wildlif e Data Base
                        LIST A: project Area Species List - MASTER LIST
                                Philadelphia International Airport
                                               03 JAN 1991


      Category.... Common Name    ........................     Scientific Name   ................
      FISH           CARP, COMMON                              CYPRINUS CARPIO



      1MRIBIAWS      BULLFROG                                  PJUM CATESBEIANA
      AMPHIBIANS     FROG  GREEN                              RANA CTRISERIATA KALMI
      AMPHIBIANS     FROG,  NORTHERN CRICKET                   ACRIS CREPITANS
      AMPHIBIANS     FROG,  PICKEREL                           RANA PALUSTRIS
      AMPHIBIANS     FROG,  PLAINS LEOPARD                     RANA BLAIRI
      AMPHIBIANS     FROG,  UPLAND CHORUS                      PSEUDACRIS TRISERIATA FERIARUM	
      AMPHIBIANS     NEWT,  EASTERN                            NOTOPHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS
      AMPHIBIANS     NEWT,  RED-SPOTTED                        NOTOPETHALMUS VIRIDESCENS VIRI.
      AMPHIBIANS     PEEPER, NORTHERN SPRING                   HTLA CRUCIFER
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   FOUR-TOED                   HEMIDACTYLITJM SCUTATUM
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   JEFFERSON                   AMBYSTOMA JEFFERSONIANUM
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   LONGTAIL                    EURYCEA LONGICAUDA,
      AMPHIBIANS,    SALAMANDER,   MARBLED                     AMBYSTONA OPACUM
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   NORTHERN   DUSKY            DESMOGNATHUS FUSCUS FUSCUS
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   NORTHERN TWO-LINED          EURYCEA BISLINEAT.A.
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   REDBACK                     PLETHODON CINEREUS
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   SLIMY                       PLETHODON GLUTINOSUS
      AMPHIBIANS     SALAMANDER,   SPOTTED                     AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM
      AMPHIBIANS     SPADEFOOT, EASTERN                        SCAPHIOPUS HOLBROOKII
      AMPHIBIANS     TOAD, AMERICAN                            BUFO AMERICANUS
      AMPHIBIANS     TOAD, FOWLER'S                            BUFO WOODHOUSEI FOWLERI



      REPTILES       COPPERHEAD, NORTHERN                      A0GKISTRODON CONTORTRIX
      REPTILES       LIZARD, NORTHERN FENCE                    SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS
      REPTILES       RACER                                     COLUBER CONSTRICTOR
      REPTILES       SKINK,  FIVE-LINED                        EUMECES FASCIATUS
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  BROWN                             STORERIA DEKAYI
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  COMMON GARTER                     THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  EASTERN HOGNOSE                   HETERODON PLATYRHINOS
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  EASTERN MILK                      LAMPROPELTIS TRIANGULUM
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  EASTERN RIBBON                    THAMNOPHIS SAURITUS
      REPTILES,      SNAKE,  NORTHERN RED-BELLIED              STORERIA OCCIPITOMACULATA
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  NORTHERN WATER                    NERODIA SIPEDON SIPEDON
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  QUEEN                             REGINA SEPTEMVITTATA
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  RING-NECK                         DIADOPHIS PUNCTATUS ARNYI
      REPTILES       SNAKE,  WORM                              CARPHOPHIS AMOENUS
      REPTILES       STINKP32OT                                  STERNOTHE US ODORATUS
      REPTILES       TURTLE, BOG                               CLEMMYS HUHLENBILRGI
      REPTILES       TURTLE, COMMON SNAPPING                   CHELYDRA SERPENTINA
      REPTILES       TURTLE, EASTERN BOX                       TERRAPENE CAROLINA
      REPTILES       TURTLE, EASTERN UD                      KINOSTERNON SUBRUBRUM
      REPTILES       TURTLE, PAINTED                           CHRYSEMYS PICTA

                                                    1-









                                Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                           LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST
                                    Philadelphia International Airport
                                                   03 JAN 1991


         Category		Common Name ........................        Scientific Name    ................
         PTILES        TURTLE,, SPOTTED                              CLEMKYS GUTTATA
         PTILES        TURTLE,   WOOD                                CLEMMYS INSCULPTA


	RDS			AVOCET, AMERICAN					RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA
	RDS			BITTTERN, AMERICAN				BOTARUS LENTIGINOSUS
	RDS			BITTERN, LEAST					IXOBRYCHUS EXILIS
	RDS			BLACKBIRD, RED-WINGED				AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS
	RDS			BLACKBIRD, RUSTY					EUPHAGUS CAROLINUS
	RDS			BLACKBIRD, YELLOW-HEADED			XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS
	RDS			BLUEBIRD, EASTERN					SIALIA SIALIS
	RDS			BOBOLINK						DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS
	IRDS			BOBWHITE, NORTHERN				COLINUS VIRGINIANUS
	IRDS			BUNTING, INDIGO					PASSERINA CYANEA
	IRDS			BUNTING, SNOW					PLECTROPHENAX NIVALIS
	IRDS			CANVASBACK						AYTHYA VALISINERIA
	IRDS			CARDINAL, NORTHERN				CARDINALIS CARDINALIS
	IRDS			CATBIRD, GRAY					DUMETELLA CAROLINESIS
	IRDS			CHAT, YELLOW-BREASTED				ICTERIA VIRENS
	BIRDS			CHICKADEE, BLACK-CAPPED				PARUS ATRICAPILLUS
	BIRDS			CHICKADEE, CAROLINA				PARUS CAROLINENSIS
	BIRDS			COOT, AMERICAN					PULICA AMERICANA
	BIRDS			CORMORANT, DOUBLE-CRESTED			PHALACROCORAX AURITUS
	BIRDS			COWBIRD, BROWN-HEADED				MOLOTHRUS ATER
	BIRDS			CRANE, SANDHILL					GRUS CANADENSIS TABIDA
	BIRDS			CREEPER, BROWN					CERTHIA AMERICANA
	BIRDS			CROSSBILL, RED					LOXIA CURVIROSTRA
	BIRDS			CROSSBILL, WHITE-WINGED				LOXIA LEUCOPTERA LEUCOPTERA
	BIRDS			CROW, AMERICAN					CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS
	BIRDS			CROW, FISH						CORVUS OSSIFRAGUS
	BIRDS			CUCKOO, BLACK-BILLED				COCCYZUS ERYTHROPTHALMUS
	BIRDS			CUCKOO, YELLOW-BILLED				COCCYZUS AMERICANUS
	BIRDS			DICKCISSEL						SPIZA AMERICANA
	BIRDS			DOVE, MOURNING					ZENAIDA MACROURA
	BIRDS			DOVE, ROCK						COLUMBA LIVIA
	BIRDS			DOWITCHER, LONG-BILLED				LIMNODROMUS SCOLOPACEUS
	BIRDS			DOWITCHER, SHORT-BILLED				LIMNODROMUS GRISEUS
	BIRDS			DUCK, AMERICAN BLACK				ANAS RUBRIPES
	BIRDS			DUCK, RING-NECKED					AYTHYA COLLARIS
	BIRDS			DUCK, RUDDY						OXYURA JAMAICENSIS
	BIRDS			DUCK, WOOD						AIX SPONSA
	BIRDS			DUNLIN						CALIDRIS ALPINA
	BIRDS			EAGLE, BALD						HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS
	BIRDS			EAGLE, GOLDEN					AQUILA CHRYSAETOS
	BIRDS			EGRET, CATTLE					BUBULCUS IBIS IBIS
	BIRDS			EGRET, GREAT					CASMERODIUS ALBUS EGRETTA
	BIRDS			FALCON, PEREGRINE					FALCO PEREGRINUS TUNDRIUS
	BIRDS			FINCH, HOUSE					CARPODACUS MEXICANUS
	BIRDS			FINCH, PURPLE					CARPODACUS PURPUREUS


										2


        









                             Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                        LIST A: project Area Species List - MASTER LIST
                                Philadelphia International Airport
                                               03 JAN 1991


      Category.... Common Name    .............  Scientific Name   ................

      BIRDS          	FLICKER, NORTHERN                      	COLAPTES AURATUS   
      BIRDS          	FLYCATCHER, ACADIAN                     	EMPIDONAX VIRESCENS 
      BIRDS          	FLYCATCHER, GREAT CRESTED                 MYIARCHUS CRINITUS
      BIRDS          	FLYCATCHER, OLIVE-SIDED                  	CONTOPUS BOREALIS
      BIRDS          	FLYCATCHER, WILLOW                      	EMPIDONAX TRAILLII
      BIRDS         	FLYCATCHER, YELLOW-BELLIED               EMPIRONAX FLAVIVENTRIS
      BIRDS          	GADWALL						ANAS STREPERA
	BIRDS		   	GALLINULE, PURPLE					PORPHYRULA MARTINICA
	BIRDS			GNATCATCHER, BLUE-GRAY				POLIOPTILA CAERULEA
	BIRDS			GODWIT, HUDSONIAN					LIMOSA HAEMASTICA
	BIRDS			GODWIT, MARBLED					LIMOSA FEDOA
	BIRDS			GOLDENEYE, COMMON					BUCEPHALA CLANGULA
	BIRDS			GOLDFINCH, AMERICAN				CARDUELIS TRISTIS
	BIRDS			GOOSE, CANADA					BRANTA CANADENSIS
	BIRDS			GOOSE, GREATER SNOW				CHEN CAERULESCENS
	BIRDS			GOOSE, LESSER SNOW				CHEN CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS
	BIRDS			GOSHAWK, NORTHERN					ACCIPITER GENTILIS
	BIRDS			GRACKLE, COMMON					QUISCALUS QUISCULA
	BIRDS			GREBE, PIED-BILLED				PODILYMBUS PODICEPS
	BIRDS			GROSBEAK, BLUE					GUIRACA CAERULEA
	BIRDS			GROSBEAK, EVENING					COCCOTHRAUSTES VESPERTINUS
	BIRDS			GROSBEAK, ROSE-BREASTED				PHEUCTICOS LUDOVICIANUS
	BIRDS			GROUSE, RUFFED					BONASA UMBELLUS
	BIRDS			GULL, BONAPARTE'S					LARUS PHILADELPHIA
	BIRDS			GULL, HERRING					LARUS ARGENTATUS
	BIRDS			HARRIER, NORTHERN					CIRCUS CYANEUS
	BIRDS			HAWK BROAD-WINGED					BUTEO PLATYPTERUS
	BIRDS			HAWK, COOPER'S					ACCIPITER COOPERII
	BIRDS			HAWK, RED-SHOULDERED				BUTEO LINEATUS
	BIRDS			HAWK, RED-TAILED					BUTEO JAMAICENSIS
	BIRDS			HAWK, ROUGH-LEGGED				BUTEO LAGOPUS
	BIRDS			HAWK, SHARP-SHINNED				ACCIPITER STRIATUS
	BIRDS			HERON, BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT			NYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX
	BIRDS			HERON, GREAT BLUE					ARDEA HERODIAS
	BIRDS			HERON, GREEN-BACKED				BUTORIDES STRIATUS
	BIRDS			HERON, YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT			NYCTICORAX VIOLACEUS
	BIRDS			HUMMINGBIRD, RUBY-THROATED			ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS
	BIRDS			IBIS, WHITE						EUDOCIMUS ALBUS
	BIRDS			JAY, BLUE						CYANOCITTA CRISTATA
	BIRDS			JUNCO, DARK-EYED					JUNCO HYEMALIS
	BIRDS			KESTREL, AMERICAN					FALCO SPARVERIUS
	BIRDS			KILLDEER						CHARADRIUS VOCIFERUS
	BIRDS			KINGBIRD, EASTERN					TYRANNUS TYRANNUS
	BIRDS			KINGFISHER, BELTED				CERYLE ALCYON
	BIRDS			KINGLET, GOLDEN-CROWNED				REGULUS SATRAPA
	BIRDS			KINGLET, RUBY-CROWNED				REGULUS CALENDULA
	BIRDS			LARK, HORNED					EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA
	BIRDS			LONGSPUR, LAPLAND					CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS
	BIRDS			LOON, COMMON					GAVIA IMMER
	BIRDS			LOON, RED-THROATED				GAVIA STELLATA


										3
	









                              Pennsylvania Fish and wildlife Data Base
                           LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST
                                 Philadelphia International Airport **
                                               03 JAN 1991


       Category.... Common Name........................    Scientific Name   ................

       BIRDS        MALLARD                                ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS
       BIRDS        MARTIN, PURPLE                         PROGNE SUBIS
       BIRDS        MEADOWLARK, EASTERN                    STURNELLA MAGNA
       BIRDS        MERGANSER, COMMON                      MERGUS MERGANSER
       BIRDS        MERGANSER, HOODED                      LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS
       BIRDS        MERLIN                                 FALCO COLUMBARIUS
       BIRDS        MOCKINGBIRD, NORTHERN                  MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS
       BIRDS        MOORHEN, COMMON                        GALLINULA  CHLOROPUS
       BIRDS        NIGHTHAWK, COMMON                      CHORDEILES MINOR
       BIRDS        NUTHATCH, WHITE-BREASTED               SITTA CAROLINENSIS
       BIRDS        OLDSQUAW                               CLANGULA HYEMALIS
       BIRDS        ORIOLE, NORTHERN                       ICTERUS GALBULA
       BIRDS        ORIOLE, ORCHARD                        ICTERUS SPURIUS
       BIRDS        OSPREY                                 PANDION HALIAETUS
       BIRDS        OVENBIRD                               SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS
       BIRDS        OWL, BARRED                            STRIX VARIA
       BIRDS        OWL, COMMON EARN                       TYTO ALBA
       BIRDS        OWL, EASTERN SCREECH                   OTUS ASIO
       BIRDS        OWL, GREAT HORNED                      BUBO VIRGINIANUS
       BIRDS        OWL, LONG-EARED                        OTUS ASIO
       BIRDS        OWL, NORTHERN SAW-WHET                 AEGOLIUS ACADICUS
       BIRDS        OWL, SHORT-EARED                       ASIO FLAMMEUS
       BIRDS        OWL, SHOWY                             NYCTEA SCANDIACA
       BIRDS        PEWEE, EASTERN WOOD                    CONTOPUS VIRENS
       BIRDS        PHRALAROPE, RED-NECKED                 PHALAROPUS LOBATUS
       BIRDS        PHALAROPE, WILSON'S                    PHALAROPUS TRICOLOR
       BIRDS        PHEASANT, RING-NECKED                  PHASIANUS COLCHICUS
       BIRDS        PHOEBE, EASTERN                        SAYORNIS PHOEBE
       BIRDS        PINTAIL, NORTHERN                      ANAS ACUTA
       BIRDS        PIPIT, WATER                           ANTHUS SPINOLETTA
       BIRDS        PLOVER, BLACK-BELLIED                  PLUVIALIS SQUATAROLA
       BIRDS        PLOVER, LESSER-GOLDEN                  PLUVIALIS DOMINICA
       BIRDS        PLOVER, SEMIPALMATED                   CHARADRIUS SEMIPALMATUS
       BIRDS        RAIL, BLACK                            LATERALLUS JAMAICENSIS
       BIRDS        RAIL, KING                             RALLUS ELEGANS
       BIRDS        RAIL, VIRGINIA                         RALLUS LIMICOLA
       BIRDS        REDHEAD                                AYTHYA AMERICANA
       BIRDS        REDPOLL, COMMON                        CARDUELIS FLAMMEA
       BIRDS        REDSTART, AMERICAN                     SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA
       BIRDS        ROBIN, AMERICAN                        TURDUS MIGRATORUS
       BIRDS        SANDPIPER, BUFF-BREASTED               TRYNGITES SUBRUFICOLLIS
       BIRDS        SANDPIPER,  PECTORAL                   CALIDRIS MELNOTOS
       BIRDS        SANDPIPER, SEMIPALMATED                CALIDRIS PUSILLA
       BIRDS        SANDPIPER,  SOLITARY                   TRINGA SOLITARIA
       BIRDS        SANDPIPER,  SPOTTED                    ACTITIS MACULARIA
       BIRDS        SANDPIPER,  UPLAND                     BATRAMIA LONGICAUDA
       BIRDS        SAPSUCKER,  YELLOW-BELLIED             SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS
       BIRDS        SCAUP, GREATER                         AYTHYA MARILA
       BIRDS        SCAUP, LESSER                          AYTHYA AFFINIS
       BIRDS        SCOTER, BLACK                          MELANITTA NIGRA

                                                   4
 









                             Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                         LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST
                                 Philadelphia International Airport **
                                               03 JAN 1991


      category....   Common Name     ........................    Scientific Name    ................

      BIRDS          SHOVELER, NORTHERN                          ANAS CLYPEATA
      BIRDS          SHRIKE, LOGGERHEAD                          LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS
      BIRDS          SHRIKE, NORTHERN                            LANIUS EXCUBITOR
      BIRDS          SNIPE, COMMON                               GALLINAGO GALLINAGO
      BIRDS          SORA                                        PORZANA CAROLINA
      BIRDS          SPARR0W, AMERICAN  TREE                     SPIZELLA ARBOREA
      BIRDS          SPARROW, CHIPPING                           SPIZELLA PASSERINA
      BIRDS          SPARROW, CLAY-COLORED                       SPIZELLA PALLIDA
      BIRDS          SPARROW, FIELD                              SPIZELLA PUSILLA
      BIRDS          SPARROW, FOX                                PASSERELLA ILIACA
      BIRDS          SPARROW, GRASSHOPPER                        AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM
      BIRDS          SPARROW, HENSLOWIS                          AMKODRAMUS HENSLOWII
      BIRDS          SPARROW, HOUSE                              PASSER DOMESTICUS
      BIRDS          SPARROW, LINCOLN'S                          MELOSPIZA LINCOLNII
      BIRDS          SPARROW, SAVANNAH                           PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS
      BIRDS          SPARROW, SHARP-TAILED                       AMMODRAMUS CAUDACUTUS
      BIRDS          SPARROW, SONG                               MELOSPIZA MELODIA
      BIRDS          SPARROW, SWAMP                              MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA
      BIRDS          SPARROW, WHITE-THROATED                     ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS
      BIRDS          STARLING,EUROPEAN                           STURNUS VULGARIS
      BIRDS          SWALLOW, BANK                               RIPARTA RIPARIA
      BIRDS-         SWALLOW, BARN                               HIRUNDO RUSTICA
      BIRDS          SWALLOW, CLIFF                              HIRUNDO PYRRHONOTA
      BIRDS          SWALLOW, NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED              STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS
      BIRDS          SWALLOW, TREE                               TACHYCINETA BICOLOR
      BIRDS          SWAN,    TUNDRA                             CYGNUS COLUMBIANUS
      BIRDS          TANAGER, SCARLET                            PIRANGA OLIVACEA
      BIRDS          TANAGER, SUMMER                             PIRANGA RUBRA
      BIRDS          TEAL,    BLUE-WINGED                        ANAS DISCORS
      BIRDS          TEAL,    GREEN-WINGED                       ANAS CRECCA
      BIRDS          TERN,    BLACK                              CHLIDONIAS NIGER
      BIRDS          TERN,    CASPIAN                            STERNA CASPIA
      BIRDS          TERN,    COMMON                             STERNA HIRUNDO
      BIRDS          TERN,    FORSTER'S                          STERNA FORSTERI
      BIRDS          THRASHER, BROWN                             TOXOSTOMA RUFUM
      BIRDS          THRUSH,  GRAY-CHEEKED                       CATHARUS MINIMUS
      BIRDS          THRUSH,  HERMIT                             CATHARUS GUTTATUS
      BIRDS          THRUSH,  SWAINSON'S                         CATHARUS USTULATUS
      BIRDS          THRUSH,  WOOD                               HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA
      BIRDS          TITMOUSE, TUFTED                            PARUS BICOLOR
      BIRDS          TOWHEE, RUFOUS-SIDED                        PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALUS
      BIRDS          TURKEY, WILD                                MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO
      BIRDS          TURNSTONE, RUDDY                            ARENARIA INTERPRES
      BIRDS          VEERY                                       CATHARUS FUSCESCENS
      BIRDS          VIREO, PHILADELPHIA                         VIREO  PHILADELPHICUS
      BIRDS          VIREO,  RED-EYED                            VIREO  OLIVACEUS
      BIRDS          VIREO,  SOLITARY                            VIREO  SOLITARIUS
      BIRDS          VIREO,  WARBLING                            VIREO GILVUS
      BIRDS          VIREO,  WHITE-EYED                          VIREO  GRISEUS
      BIRDS          VIREO,  YELLOW-THROATED                     VIREO  FLAVIFRONS
 





                                            -5-







                               Pennsylvania Fish and Wildlife Data Base
                          LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST
                                  Philadelphia International Airport
                                                03 JAN 1991


         Category.... Common Name   ........................    Scientific Name  ...............

         BIRDS         VULTURE,  BLACK                          CORAGYPS ATRATUS
         BIRDS         VULTURE,  TURKEY                         CATHARTES AURA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  BAY-BREASTED                   DENDROICA CASTANEA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  BLACK-ANDWHITE                 MNIOTILTA VARIA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  BLACK-THROATED BLUE            DENDROICA CAERULESCENS
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  BLACK-THROATED GREEN           DENDROICA VIRENS
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  BLACKBUNIAN                    DENDROICA FUSCA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  BLACKPOLL                      DENDROICA STRIATA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  BLUE-WINGED                    VERMIVORA PINUS
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  CANADA                         WILSONIA CANADENSIS
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  CAPE MAY                       DENDROICA TIGRINA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  CERULEAN                       DENDROICA CERULEA
         BIRDS         WARBLER, CHESTNUT-SIDED                  DENDROICA PENNSYLVANICA
         Bins          WARBLER,  GOLDEN-WINGED                  VERMIVORA CHRYSOPTERA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  HOODED                         WILSONIA CITRINA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  KENTUCKY                       OPORORNIS FORMOSUS
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  MAGNOLIA                       DENDROICA MAGNOLIA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  MOURNING                       OPORORNIS PHILADELPHIA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  NASHVILLE                      VERMIVORA RUFICAPILLA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  NORTHERN PARULA                PARULA AMERICANA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  PIKE                           DENDROICA PINUS
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  PRAIRIE                        DENDROICA DISCOLOR
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  PROTHONOTARY                   PROTONOTARIA CITREA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  SWAINSON'S                     LIMNOTHLYPIS SWAINSONII
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  TENNESSEE                      VERMIVORA PEREGRINA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  WILSON'S                       WILSONIA PUSILLA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  WORM-EATING                    HELKMITHEROS VERMIVORUS
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  YELLOW                         DENDROICA PETECHIA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  YELLOW-RUMPED                  DENDROICA CORONATA
         BIRDS         WARBLER,  YELLOW-THROATED                DENDROICA DOMINICA
         BIRDS         WATERTHRUSH, LOUISIANA                   SEIURUS MOTACILLA
         BIRDS         WATERTHRUSH, NORTHERN                    SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS
         BIRDS         WAXWING, CEDAR                           BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM
         BIRDS         WIGEON, AMERICAN                         ANAS AMERICANA
         BIRDS         WILLET, EASTERN                          CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS
         BIRDS         WOODCOCK, AMERICAN                       SCOLOPAX MINOR
         BIRDS         WOODPECKER, DOWNY                        PICOIDES PUBESCENS
         BIRDS         WOODPECKER, HAIRY                        PICOIDES VILLOSUS
         BIRDS         WOODPECKER, PILEATED                     DRYOCOPUS PILEATUS
         BIRDS         WOODPECKER, RED-BELLIED                  MELANERPES CAROLINUS
         BIRDS         WOODPECKER, RED-HEADED                   MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS
         BIRDS         WREN, CAROLINA                           THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS
         BIRDS         WREN, HOUSE                              TROGLODYTES AEDON
         BIRDS         WREN, MARSH                              CISTOTHORUS PALUSTRIS
                                                              
         BIRDS         WREN, WINTER					    TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES
         BIRDS         YELLOWLEGS, GREATER                      TRINGA MELANOLEDCA
         BIRDS         YELLOWTHROAT, COMMON                     GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS BRACHIDAC


                                                     6
 










                             Pennsylvania Fish and wildlife Data Base
                        LIST A: Project Area Species List - MASTER LIST
                                Philadelphia International Airport **
                                              03 JAN 1991


       Category.... Common Name.......................    Scientific Name  ..............
       MAMMALS      BAT, BIG BROWN                        EPTESICUS FUSCUS
       MAMMALS      BAT, HOARY                            LASIURUS CINEREUS
       MAMMALS      BAT, RED                              LASIURUS BOREALIS
       MAMMALS      BAT, SILVER-HAIRED                    LASIONYCTERIS NOCTIVAGANS
       MAMMALS      BEAR, BLACK                           URSUS AMERICANUS
       MAMMALS      CHIPMUNK, EASTERN                     TAMIAS STRIATUS
       MAMMALS      COTTONTAIL, EASTERN                   SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS
       MAMMALS      DEER, WHITE-TAILED                    ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS
       MAMMALS      FOX, GRAY                             UROCYON  CINEREOARGENTEUS
       MAMMALS      FOX, RED                              VULPES VULPES
       MAMMALS      MINK                                  MUSTELA VISOR
       MAMMALS      MOLE, EASTERN                         SCALOPUS AQUATICUS
       MAMMALS      MOLE, STAR-NOSED                      CONDYLURA CRISTATA
       MAMMALS      MOUSE, HOUSE                          MUS MUSCULUS
       MAMMALS      MOUSE, MEADOW JUMPING                 ZAPUS HUDSONIUS
       MAMMALS      MOUSE, WHITE-FOOTED                   PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS
       MAMMALS      MUSRAT                                ONDATRA ZIBETHICUS
       MAMMALS      MYOTIS, KEEN'S                        MYOTIS KEENII
       MAMMALS      MYOTIS, LITTLE BROWN                  MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS
      
       MAMMALS      OPOSSUM, VIRGINIA                     DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA
       MAMMALS      RACCOON                               PROCYON LOTOR
       MAMMALS      RAT, NORWAY                           RATTUS NORVEGICUS
       MAMMALS      SHREW, NORTHERN SHORT-TAILED          BLARINA BREVICAUDA
       MAMMALS      SKUNK, STRIPED                        MEPHITIS MEPHITIS
       MAMMALS      SQUIRREL, GRAY                          SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS
       MAMMALS      SQUIRREL, RED                           TAMIASCIURUS HUDSONICUS
       MAMMALS      SQUIRREL, SOUTHERN FLYING               GLAICOMYS VOLANS
       MAMMALS      VOLE, MEADOW                            MICROTUS PENNSYLVANICUS
       MAMMALS      VOLE, WOODLAND                          MICROTUS PINETORUM
       MAMMALS      WEASEL, LONG-TAILED                     MUSTELA FRENATA
       MAMMALS      WOODCHUCK                               MARMOTA MONAX
       MAMMALS      WOODRAT, EASTERN                        NEOTOMA FLORIDANA



















                                                   7
 




















                  Scale I" =200'



                                                                                               Ow
                                                                                     bw








                                                                                                                Ow



                                                                       Ow





                                                    WETLANDS.
                                                                                          48        0
                                  Ow-













                                                                                  0

                                          WETLANDS


                                                                OPEN WATER
















                                                                                                                      LEGEND

                                                                                                                           ft-WETLANDS LINE
                                                                                                                          OW      OPEN WATER

                                                                                                                                  NATURE TRAIL


                                    VE MANDS PLAN                                              PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC.
                          NGTORC FORT hd=Fijq                                                             1600 CALLOWHILL STREET
                                        40th WARD                                                   PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19130
                          CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
             SCALE:               DRAWN BY:                REVISIONS:                              \ANCENT R. MARIAM
                      1     200'                  kas                                   PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER PA. LICENSE No. 15523-E

             DATE:                APPROVED:
                      5/12/95
                                                                                                                           CLRR 92A7.004.01/C1701




      -mmmm mmmmmmm mmmmm mm MEL




                                                                                                      VEGETATION ASSOCIATION MAP
                                                                                                          A        BLACK CHERRY    UPLAND
                                                                                                          B        COMMON REED    WETLAND
                                                                                                          C        RICE CUTGRASS   WETLAND
                                                                                                          D        SUMAC / UPLAND
                                                                                                          E        SASSAFRAS    UPLAND
                                                                                                          F        WHITE BIRCH   UPLAND
                                                                                                          G        LARGE TOOTH POPLAR / UPLAND
                                                                                                          H        MAINTAINED OPEN SPACE / ROADWAY

                                                                                                                   OPEN WATER    TIDAL INFLUENCED
                Scale I" =200'
                                                                                                                   OPEN WATER    NON TIDAL




























                                                                                                                  H`
                                                                             to

                                                 0




                                                          /Ooo            NATURE TRAIL



                                                   .19'





                                   19-










                        VEGETATION ASSOCIATION. PLAN                                          PENNONI ASSOCIATES INC.
                        9STORIC F:CW -A4FFLN                                                             1600 CALLOWHILL STREET
                                      40th WARD                                                    PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19130
                        CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
                                                                                                  MNCENT R. MARIANI
          SCALE:                DRAWN BY:                REVISIONS:
                   1      200'                  kas                                    PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER PA LICENSE No. 15523-E

          DATE:                 APPROVED:
                   5/12/95











































                         FIGURE 3















                                                                                       H FRAME
                                                GANTRY

                                                                                                          A FRAME


                                                            ENGINE HOUSE      LEIVER ROOM


                                                               MAIN PUMP       HOIST              CUTTER
                              FLOATING LINE                                                       MOTOR


                                                     --------- - --                                                  --------
                                                                   000 4----- - -
                                                           MULL
                                        ELL
                                  SPUD W
                                                                                                            SHAFT
                                                                                              SUCTIO@
                                       SPUD                                                         LADDER-
                                                                                                                      SEDIMEN'


                                                                                                                     CUTTER

                                                                                       7*



                                                                 (froin Lake and Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual)
                                                                                           2
                                                                                                          A







                                                                                                        R
                                                                                                  CU"E
                                                                                                  MOTOR















                                                  H&H SPLAT SYSTEM














                                         -@H&H MDS-80 DREDGE










                       IMPORTANT DISTANCES IN THE SELECTION OF DREDGING SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

                                        (Source: Ellicott Machine Corp., 1968)







                                                                                Discharge Distance


                                                                   Floating
                                                                   NP6 Line

                                                                                                     %4
                                                                 ur V V w
                                                                                     Water Level
                                                                                                Terminal Elevationj
                 1L
              Bank     Digging Depth         Cutting Head       ZBottorn of Cut
                                          or Auger Assembly
           /_1
              rl,











                                                                                                                                                              Specifications


                                                                                                                                                              Weight Comolete with 152cm
                                                                                                                                                              (60") ditching bucket "20kg
                                                                                                                                                              (97421h) aPoeox.
                                                                                                                                                              Ground pressure: 0.1 2kg.-sa cm i 1.6psi)
                                                                       -4t.                                                                                   Electrics: 1 Z., system. twin
                                                                                                                                                              working lights. cao interior
                                                                                                                                                              light.
                                                                                                                                                              Windscreen wtoer anc washer
                                     -!V'7                                                                                                                    Engine: Lister TL2 air cocilec
                                                                                                                                                              diesel 30 bho
                                                                                                                                                              Lifting capacity: 500kg 11 102th)
                                                                                                                                                              Filtration: Pall return line
                                                                                                                                                              Reach: 5.8m (228**)
                                                                                                                                                              Unload height; bucket pivot -wint
                                                                                                                                                              4.95M (195'
                              Accessone                                                                                                                       Digging depth: 3.24m (127.5")
                                                                                                                                                              Cab height: 2.6m (102      from ground
                                                                                                                                                              level
                              Winch
                              Buck
                                                                                                                                                               radeability: 70% W
                                   ets                                                                              X@                                        G
                              Mate   ais handling anc oigging g,ao
                                                                                                                  \N                                          Travel length: 3.8m 1149.5
                              Alternative Ob and 000ers                                                                                                       Width: 2.A3m (95.5-1
                              Vandal proof snuttenng                                                          N'\\                                            Spare hyaraufic spoof for grao rotation
                              Light duty dozer blade
                                                                                                                                                              Heater.
                              Sludge Pump
                              Weeo cutting bucket                                                                                                             Sliding Window.
                                                                                                                                 M.Se                         3 pump hydraulic system
                                                                                                                                                              Independent two soeec tracx &we








                                                                                                                                                              1. Steel bushes and Dins





                                                                                                                                                              2. Robustly nuilt


                                     /5-




                                                                                                                                                              3. Soacious. meatect. 'illir-C cao



                                                                                                                                                              4. Excellent ver-matior. aric ws;o1liry
                              011



                                                                                                                                                              S. Joystick controis'or ciccirc and 360* s;ew
                                                                                                                                                              6. Tilting camoy for easy acoess
                                                                                                                                                              7. Hycraufic PTO






                                                                                                                                                              8. Heavy aur-f ball          s:ewinc


                                                                                                                                a U U U U a a U lk 11111_@









                                                                                                                                                              Good leactnc ancle 4cr :-_ms@rc ditcries


                                                                                                                                               10. Hw.'raulic track tensicninc


                                                                                11. Osc:11ating oogie nneets

                                                                           12. Cleats nave anglec v:rrs:o farflitate:,-r-09

                                                                  13. Lonc and wtce!raCkS *0 ,tvs?,:oor.'!oiatjon

                                                        14. P.?ar iorocke!s Jrtven;nC4-oPnoanf1v')V -NO -w,@ckulir m,@:c,s ior .,utstanair-a manoevvratiiiitv











                                                                           ROD


                                                                              COVEO                                                     0
                                                                                                                                                            ROD
                        SHELL


                                                       of I
                                                                                                                                     0                         COVER


                                                                                            K'@
             M
                                                                                                            4t.
                                                                                                                                     'j,
                       .. ..............
                                                                          BBER
                                                                  . . . . . .                                       Ri
                                                                         CKINT-M-.N..

                                                                                         1. A


                                                                                        %)
                                                                                                                                           Air, '10
                        OPEN         POSMON                                                 tills,
                                                                                                                       PoSl r


                                            Open and             closed        pogitiWiS of the watertight                             bucket         (redrawn from
                   Barnard, 1978).










                                                   A DRAGLIN8
                                              (Source: EPA, 19,78)

                                      1






















                                         0



                                                                   0

                                                                        0

                                                                    0
                                                                        "D







                                                                         k

                                                                   I
                                                                   I

                                                                    I







                                      FIGURE 5





           SENT BY:                                            1- 3-95 ;10:02AM ; BELLCORE 25340 DEPT-4                                      9089321187;# 8
                                                                                          AOUAMARNE W650 t4ARVESTER r ,                                                        I
                                                                                                                                    ,16r, *

                                                                                                                                      ALL  71 107" -4 $Vesta
                                                                                                                                  ,,VEAALL CA"T. 3 V-49res










                              PRIMA V NOWICIII SOURCE                                                 OPERATOR COkSOLE
                              2 C'VLI:DCR OCUTZ DIESEL

                                                                                                                CUTTIP40 @a RAMS
                                                                                                                                F-VEWMAL SIC" 9M
                                                                                                                                  CUTTM








                                                     ADDLE
                                                           WKEL SROPULSIO                                I

                                                                                                                                                  SICKLE IAN
                                                                                                                                                  CUTTE*
                                                        Al 1@

                             Fivre 12-1 The Aquamarine Comoration's (Waukesba, Wisconsin) B650 harvester. Plants are cut with a cutter
                             bar that is 1.6 m (5 feet) Ions. conveyed Into a hold that can contLin up to 19 cubic metcn (6SO ft,               of plants
                             and offloadtd, at the shore with another conveyor (Courtesy of the Aquamarine Corporation).
                                 F.- d                  0 o





                                                                                                                      60MM"94 CV114094 1111AUIMIA
                               OPERATOR CONSOLE                                                                               INDUSTRIAL 90194MC.)
                                                                                                                           "TOPAULA OW&I wInCM


                                                                       Ap
                                                                     -OW4%,
                                                                                        k



                                   ftwLE WKEEL PIMPULTON








                                                                                                                                                  Wdd=




                                                                    ROTOVATOR ftog


                                                                 FiF= 12-7 The Rotonjor. for mat tauv-
                                                                      F
                                                                            "ORE - 6--
                                                                         -1 G





           BonTerra-
                             America
            NNW

                                                                                                                                     t
              BioLogs.                                                                     )WNW,
                                                             MA








                                                                                                                M-
                                                                                                                    41K -7-


                      Landscaping
                  Channel Shoulders
                       Shoreliner
              Hiking T@rail Development
                  Channel Edge Liner
              Stream Bank Reclamation                                  BonTerrae BioLogs
        Golf Course Wetlands Construction
              Revitalize Polluted Water               Put Nature to Work for You ...
                    Wildlife Habitats
                                                                                                      Nature's Wa


                                                                                                          'berBioLogs for
                                                                                    100% coconut fi
                                                                                    channel, stream, and shoreline
                                                                  @A
                                                                                      erosion control and botanic
                                                                    4
                                                    .4
                                                                Z 7

                                                                                                n
                                                                                                 aturalization.







                                                  -
                                                    7.
                                                  Z


                                                      Ph0wc..rte,yofHX1DC
                                                                                          ij
            The  need for   long term  stabilization
                                                      of shorelines,   stream
            banks,   and wetlands    is an  on-going  challenge for    today's
            environmentally sensitive      planners. To achieve        natural
            riparian regeneration or reclamation, standing and running                     7
                                                                                                               4:1
            water   has to offer a habitable zone for aquatic            lants.
                                                                       P
            Very still, brackish or polluted water can be cleaned by a
            healthy, stand of vegetation. BonTerra BioLogs provide a
            suitable planting medium that will endure for several years,
            while simultaneously preventing erosion and enhancing
            natural regeneration.                           FIGURE               7                  Soft Organic Wall






        Whatever your challenge:        the reconst ruction or                    Still Water
        preservation of a pristine meandering stream, or the             Marsh land, swamp, and standing wetlands often
        creation of hydrophilic plant life at the toe of a               stagnate due to rapidly decomposing organic matter
        rip-rap or concrete structure, BonTerra BioLogs                  and inadequate movement of natural gasses. In these
        offer a long term solution to the establishment and              environments BonTerra BioLogs act as a stable
        maintenance of a healthy aquatic plant environment.              growing medium for rhizomes and bulbi plant life.
                 Dead Shorelines                                         BioLogs provide an aerated and hydrated
                                                                         micro-environment for a healthy growing zone. As
        Concrete walls and rip-rap shorelines are enhanced               healthy plants are established in the interior of
        by the addition of BonTerra BioLogs. Installed as                BioLogs, rhizome, stolen, and other root
        a shoreliner, submersed, or as floating logs, BioLogs            developments enter the eco-system and naturally
        anchor living plants to enhance the natural                      filter impurities and contaminants, returning a
        environment, and create an aesthetically acceptable              healthy balance to an otherwise stagnant
        appearance for an otherwise sterile environment.                 environment.

                 Intermittent and Constant Flow Channels
        Streams     and    drainage     structures    can     be
        reconstructed or enhanced to a natural meandering
        condition with BonTerra BioLogs.               BioLogs
        provide erosion protection at the critical uncture of
                                                                                             ZZ"
        water and shore. Reeds, cattails, willows, and other
        water loving plants are easily anchored in BioLog's
        flexible matrix of organic fibers, to resist uprooting
        by the shear effect of running water.









                                                                                                                  Phml c,y of HMDC
                                                                                         Shoreline Armor
                                                                                         BonTerrao BioLogs
              AW.                                                     Effectively manage changes in stream flow velocity
                     lip                                               Provides channel stabalization and beaut i
                                                                                                                       ification.*
                                                                            Stack for moderate to steep streambanks.
                                                                       Combine with rip-rap to stop wave action erosion.
                        Organic Rip-Rap                                    Blends naturally into aquatic environn
                                                                         Secured by biodegradable Coir fiber netting for
                                                                                  easy installation and durability.
                        Technical Specifications
                       Flexible matrix of Coir fiber
                 Encased in Coir fiber net of 2-inch squares         Distributed by              P.O. Box 169
              12-inch diameter 0 20-foot length e 8-foot length                                MOON NJ. 08818
                                                                                          90WI-1010 * WO-762.1010
                                                                                               VAX 908-661-1780
            _11k_1 Installation

        BonTerra BioLogs are either anchored with 2" x 2"
        x 36" wooden stakes, tied together, or both,
        depending on the application, and are available in
        eight-foot-and 20-foot lengths. Eight-foot BioLogs
        are manufactured with a center rope having loops on
        both ends. These can be strung together to form a
        shoreline chain, stacked parallel to form a log wall,             111wro. 1111 o n Te r r a
        weighted and sunk to provide aquatic plant habitat,                                 America
        or tied to floats and u.-ed as water surface planters.                              RO. Box 9485
        Twenty-foot BioLogs are most commonly used for                                      Moscow, Idaho 83843
        shore and stream bank stabilization.          Detailed                              (208) 882-9489 e FAX (208) 882-2512
        installation guide available.                                                       1-800-882-9489





























                                                                      ...... ... ..








































                                               FIGURE 8







                                          B
                                      _40-1

                             SLOPE,,                SLOPE
           FOUNDATION                                            CONCRETE
                                                                 STRUCTURE                                                          X1




                                                11    f-A


                                                                 CONCRETE
           30"DUCTILE                                            STRUCTURE
                             SLOPE4                 SLOPE.       TO BE EMBEDDED
           IRON PIPE
                                                                 INTO SIDE SLOPE




       wn
                                 PLAN MEW                                                                           ISOMETRIC



        m                                                                                           30" DUCTILE
           CONCRETE                                                   OVERFLOW WEIR                 IRON PIPE
        (o STRUCTURE              EXISTING SILT AREA                                                                                   OVERFLOW WEIR
                                                                                                    TIDE GATE


                                                                                                    BOTTOM OF                       -CHAIN LINK FENCE
                                                                      BOTTOM OF                     CHANNEL                            (DRAINAGE SCREEN
                                                                      CHANNEL

           30" DUCTILE                                                FOUNDATION                    FOUNDATION
           IRON PIPE
                               SECTION A-A                                                                       SECTION B-8
                                                                                                              )@F



                                 MOAT OVERFLOW DRAINAGE SYSTEM.









                                                                                                                                    NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



                                                                                                                                    3 6668 14111988 5