[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

















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               uo'kaft'Revised"Management Plan
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                         U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                  NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION







                                    -MAY 1"2



 1.4



                 The MONITOR National
                 Marine Sanctuary
                 Draft Revised management Plan












                 Sanctuaries and Reserves Division
                 Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
                 National Ocean Service
                 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                 U.S. Department of Commerce







                                     C o n t e n t s


                        .... .....
                                                                                  ........................................................................5
                                     Executive Summary              ..............

                           ...........
                           ... .......
                        ............
                        ..........
                                     Introduction         ..................................................................................................9


                                                                               -uary Program        ..........................................................9
                                           The National Marine Sanct
                                                Program Goals         ............................................................................................. 10
                                                The Sanctuaries         ........................................................................................... 10
                                           The MO@UOR Sanctuary                  ................................................................................ 13
                                                Sanctuary Designation            ................................................................................ 14
                                                Goals and Objectives           .................................................................................. 15
                                                Environmental Setting            ................................................................................ 17
                                                Vessel Condition         ......................................................................................... 19
                                                Sanctuary Management              ............................................................................... 22

                                     Administration           .............................................................................................. 25


                                           Sanctuaries and Reserves Division               .................................................................... 25
                                                MAMHU          ..................................................................................................... 26
                                                Sanctuary Manager            ..................................................................................... 26
                                                Sanctuary Staffing         ....................................................................................... 26
                                           Assisting Entities'...........     ...
                                                U.S. Coast Guard          ........................................................................................ 27
                          .........
                             .........
                        ................
                                                Mariners'Museurn           ....................................................................................... 27
                        ................
                             ..........

                        ................
                                                    -1R
                        ................
                        ................
                        ................        MI ZET        ....................................................................................................... 29
                                           Roles and Responsibilities           ................................................................................. 30
                                                Resource Protection           .................................................................................... 30
                                                Research       ...................................................................................................... 31
                                                Education       .................................................................................................... 32
                                                Site Administration          ..................................................................................... 33


                                     Resource Protection              ..................................................................................... 35


                                           Program Objectives           ........................................................................................... 35
                                                Public Awareness           ........................................................................................ 36
                                                Regulation Enforcement              ............................................................................. 36
                                                Stabilization       ................................................................................................ 36
                                                Controlled Artifact Recovery              ...................................................................... 37


                                                                                                                                 (continued on next page)







                          C o n t e n t s


                         Resource Protecdon                   .....................................................................................


                                Management Options                ......................................................................................... 37
                                      Recovery        ..................................................................................................... 37
                                      In-Situ Preservation          .....                                                                           38
                                      Current On-site Activities               ........................................................................... 38
                                      Proposed On-site Activities                ........................................................................ 39

                         Research         ........................................................................................................  41


                                Program Objectives              ........................................................................................... 41
                                      Research Objectives             .................................................................................... 42
                                      Research Examples              ..................................................................................... 43
                                Program Elements              ............................................................................................. 45
                                      Annual Research Plan               ................................................................................. 45
                                      Project/Pennit Monitoring                .......................................................................... 46
                                      Information Exchange               ................................................................................. 46

                         Educadon           ......................................................................................................  49


                                Program Objectives              ........................................................................................... 49
           ................
              ...........
                                      Public Awarness            .......................................................................................... 49
                                      Research & Archives               .................................................................................. 51
                                      Educational Opportunities                ........................................................................... 52
                                Education Products            ............................................................................................ 53
                                      Media       .......................................................................................................... 53
                                      Curricula/Special Presentations                  .................................................................. 54
                                      Cooperative Projects             ................................................................................... 54

                         Appenifices          ....................................................................................................  59

                                Appendix A: Final Regulations                    ......................................................................... 61
                                Appendix B: NOAA-Permitted Expeditions                             ..................................................... 65
                                Appendix C: Cooperative Agreement                         ............................................................... 72
                                Appendix D: Mariners' Museum: Use of the Collection                                 ................................... 75
                                Appendix E: Permit Guidelines: Archaeological Research                                 ............................... 77
                                Appendix F: Permit Guidelines: Research & Education                                 ................................... 85






                                 Executive Summary


                                . .. ... .. .
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                                                            K3 11.0.9
                                                       . .... .......



                                 The MONITOR slips down the ways at Continental Iron Works, Green-
                                 point, Long Island, New York on January 30, 1862.

                                 On March 9, 1862, at Hampton Roads,               In 1973, an interdisciplinary scientific
                                 Virginia, the USS MONITOR fought what             party employed intensive historical re-
                                 has become one of the most celebrated             search and sophisticated electronic equip-
                                 battles in American naval history. This           ment to locate and subsequently identify
                                 historic engagement, the first battle of          the historic vessel's remains. Announce-
                                 ironclad warships, was the highlight of a         ments of the discovery stimulated consid-
                                 promising service career cut short when the       erable interest in further investigating the
                                 MONITOR was lost at sea on December               wreck, recovering its artifacts, and possibly
                                 31, 1862. While the warship proved to be          salvaging it. To ensure that the MONITOR
                                 as "impregnable to shot and shell" as her         would be preserved as a resource of
                                 designer, Swedish-American engineer John          national significance, the U.S. Department
                                 Ericsson, had promised, the ironclad was          of Commerce designated the wreck as the
                                 unable to weather heavy, gale-driven seas         United States' first National Marine
                                 off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.                Sanctuary on January 30, 1975.



                                                                                           Draft RevUsed Management Man 5












                   Today the MONITOR represents a unique             This management plan, which will replace
                   legacy from our Nation's past. The ship-          the 1983 management plan for the Sanctu-
                   wreck and its contents comprise an irre-          ary, sets forth management policies for the
                   placeable historical record and represent a       MONITOR that recognize its importance
                   monument to the American naval tradition          as an irreplaceable cultural resource and as
                   that the vessel itself helped to create.          a National Marine Sanctuary. The draft
                                                                     plan provides the public the opportunity to
                   Archaeological investigations of the              participate very early in the decision-
                   MONITOR can provide an opportunity to             making process concerning management of
                   examine aspects of our past that are not          the site. After the draft plan is reviewed
                   recorded in surviving manuscript sources.         and comments have been received, a final
                   Artifacts from the ship's stores and per-         plan and revised regulations for the site
                   sonal property of the crew can greatly            will be issued. This plan will be-updated as
                   enhance our understanding of life aboard          needed.
                   the United States Navy's first ironclad
                   warship.

                   This management plan provides an inte-
                   grated program of resource protection,
                   research, and interpretation. It outlines
                   research objectives that will contribute to
                   determining the proper disposition of the
                   wreck, and management actions for
                   resource protection and preservation. The
                   basic store of knowledge regarding this
                   unique resource will also be enhanced.

                   ne management plan also provides the
                   framework for an expanded education
                   program for the Sanctuary. The site must
                   be brought to the people since it is impos-
                   sible for most people to visit the site. The
                   education program also addresses the need
                   to inform the site's users of the
                   MONITOR's significance. This will limit
                   inadvertent damage to the wreck. To
                   reinforce these education efforts and to
                   further protect the site, the U.S. Coast
                   Guard has undertaken expanded enforce-
                   ment of the Sanctuary's regulations.

                   Lastly, this plan considers options related
                   to increasing access to the Sanctuary for
                   nonresearch purposes.



                   6 Draft Revtsed Managem    ent Plan







                                 Introduction






                                                                                ............. .. . ......

                                                                                 ....   ... ........



                             410

                              . ........ 1-1

                                                                    . .. .......... .
                                                                     .X
                                 .... ....


                                 ..       ....... .
                                          ... . ... .
                                          ...... ...........

                                                                                       ...... .....
                                               ..........
                . ..........
                                 .........
                              X'. i..
                        . .... . . . ....
                      .. ..... .. . ..



                                                                                                    .......... ....




                                                                                            ...... . . . . . .

                ..............


                                                                   ...   --------------- - ------------




                                                          0
                                              ----- - -----   ------- -------- I211MITIM.
                                          - - ---- - ------ - ---

                                 Artist's conception of the battle between the USS MONITOR and the CSS VIRGINIA
                                 (MERRIMACK) on March 9,1862, in Hampton Roads, Virginia.

                                 The National Marine
                                 Sanctuary Program

                                 The Marine Protection, Research, and           and ocean waters, in submerged lands, and
                                 Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1431)       in the Great Lakes and their connecting
                                 (the Act), authorizes the Secretary of         waters. The Act is administered by the
                                 Commerce to designate discrete areas as        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
                                 National Marine Sanctuaries to promote         istration (NOAA) through the Office of
                                 comprehensive management of their              Ocean and Coastal Resource
                                 special ecological, historical, recreational,  Management's Sanctuaries and Reserves
                                 and aesthetic resources. National Marine       Division (SRD).
                                 Sanctuaries may Ixe designated in coastal


                                                                                       Draft Revi.%d Manageffwnt Plan 9



















                                                            ............                      .. .......                     X
                                                                                              .. ................. . .....
                                                                                                                           Xx:
                                                                   @:X:                                                                         .........
                                                                                                                                             .........
                                        19                                                    .. ...........
                                                                                                  X.                                         ...........
                              ...                                                             ......... X`                   .:: ....        .......... ........
                                                                                                          X  .
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                                                                                      X                                                      ..........
                                                                                                                     W,                      .........
                                                                                               WX
                             .............. ...                                 ... . ..                                                     ..........
                                                                                                                  ........ .... ...

                            The SRD's goal is to establish a system of                        Support, promote, coordinate, and
                            National Marine Sanctuaries based on the                          conduct scientific research and
                            identification, designation, and comprehen-                       monitoring of marine resources to
                            sive management of special marine areas                           improve the management in National
                            for the long-term protection and use of                           Marine Sanctuaries;
                            resources by the public. The overall goals
                            of the National Marine Sanctuary Program                          Enhance public awareness, under-
                            are to:                                                           standing, and wise use of the marine
                                                                                              environment through public interpre-
                              Enhance resource protection through                             tive, educational, and recreational
                              comprehensive and coordinated                                   programs; and
                              conservation and management of
                              Sanctuary resources that complement                             Facilitate, to the extent compatible
                              existing regulatory authorities;                                with the primary objective of resource
                                                                                              protection, multiple uses of National
                                                                                              Marine Sanctuaries..




                                                ........ ..      ................
                                                                ............                   .........
                                                                 ...................
                                                                .................
                         Sanctuary Designations
                                                                                                                         .... .                    .....
                                                                                                                         .... .... ...
                                                                                     a=;U
                                                                     Mid,                                                      X                   ........
                                                                          .. .........                                                       . . .......
                                                                                       .............. ..............                         ................
                                                                    .... ......
                         Location               Year
                         Monitor                Jan. 1975          Ten National           Many of the Sanctuaries are also cherished
                         Key Largo              Dec. 1975
                         Channel Islands        Sept. 1980         Marine                 recreational spots for diving and fishing in
                         Looe Key               Jan.1981           Sanctuaries            addition to supporting valuable commercial
                         Gray's Reef            Jan. 1981          have been              industries, such as the harvesting of fish
                         Gulf of the                               established            and kelp. A major part of the challenge of
                            Farallones          Jan.1981           since the              managing these areas is balancing compat-
                         Fagatele Bay           April 1986         program's              ible multiple uses of the resources. These
                         Cordell Bank           May 1989           inception in           Sanctuaries are a public trust to be man-
                         Florida Keys           Nov. 1990          1972. They             aged for the use and enjoyment of present
                         Flower Garden          Nov. 1991          include near-          and future generations.
                            Banks                                  shore coral
                            reefs and open ocean, and range in size                       Following are descriptions of the existing
                            from one to over 2,600 square nautical                        National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS):
                            miles. The Sanctuaries harbor a fascinat-
                            ing array of plants and animals, from                             The Monitor National Marine
                            whales to brightly colored sea snails. In                         Sanctuary (NMS) protects the wreck
                            many cases, these protected waters provide                        of the Civil War ironclad, the U.S.S.
                            a secure habitat for species close to extinc-                     MONITOR. It was designated in
                            tion. Some of the Sanctuaries protect                             January 1975, and is I nautical mile in
                            significant historical and cultural re-                           diameter. 'Me Sanctuary is located
                            sources, as well as natural resources.                            16.1 nautical miles southeast of Cape
                                                                                              Hatteras, North Carolina.


                            10 Draft Reutsed Management Plan













                                      The Key Largo NMS was designated                     California. The Sanctuary includes
                                      in December 1975, and provides                       important habitats for a diverse array
                                      protection and management to a 100-                  of marine mammals and seabirds, as
                                      square--mile area of tropical coral                  well as ocean-dwelling (pelagic) fish,
                                      reefs south of Miami, Florida. The                   plants, and bottom-dwelling (benthic)
                                      Sanctuary is a seaward extension of                  organisms.
                                      the John Pennekamp State Coral Reef
                                      Park.                                                The Fagatele Bay NMS in American
                                                                                           Samoa was designated in April 1986.
                                    ï¿½ The Channel Islands NMS was                          The 163-acre bay site contains deep-
                                      designated in September 1980, and                    water coral terrace formations unique
                                      encompasses 1,252 square miles off                   to the high islands of the tropical
                                      the coast of Santa Barbara, Califor-                 Pacific. The Sanctuary protects habitat
                                      nia. The Sanctuary surrounds the four                for a diverse array of marine flora and
                                      northern Channel Islands and Santa                   fauna, including the endangered
                                      Barbara Island, and protects valuable                hawksbill sea turtle and the threatened
                                      habitats for marine mammals, includ-                 green sea turtle.
                                      ing seals and seabirds.                              The Cordell Bank NMS, offshore of
                                    ï¿½ The Looe Key NMS was designated in                   California, was designated in May
                                      January 198 1, and consists of a                     1989. The 397-square-mile site
                                      submerged section of the Florida reef                surrounds a granite formation which
                                      southwest of Big Pine Key. The 5.32-                 provides habitat for an unusual
                                      square-mile site provides a wide                     assortment of marine and intertidal
                                      variety of activities, and includes a                species, including colonies of purple
                                      beautiful "spur and groove" coral                    hydrocorals. Abundant fish species
                                      formation supporting a diverse marine                attract feeding seabirds and cetaceans
                                      community.                                           (whales, porpoises and dolphins).

                                    - The Gray's Reef NMS, designated in                   The Florida Keys NMS was Congres-
                                      January 198 1, is a submerged live                   sionally designated in November
                                      bottom area located on the South                     1990, and encompasses approximately
                                      Atlantic continental shelf due east of               2,600 square miles of coral reefs,
                                      Sapelo Island, Georgia. The Sanctu-                  seagrass beds, and related shoreline
                                      ary encompasses 17 square miles and                  habitats off of Florida. NOAA is
                                      pmtects a highly productive and                      required to complete a comprehensive
                                      unusual habitat for a wide variety of                management plan, including imple-
                                      species including corals, inverte-                   menting regulations, by May 1993.
                                      brates, and endangered and threatened                Upon its completion, existing National
                                      sea turtles.                                         Marine Sanctuaries at Key Largo and
                                                                                           Looe Key will be incorporated into
                                      7be Gulf of the Farallones NMS was                   this larger Sanctuary.
                                      designated in January 1981, and
                                      encompasses 948 square miles off the
                                      northern coast of San Francisco,


                                                                                                Draft RevLsed Management Plan I I













                                             The Flower Garden Banks NMS                                                                                    The Division is currently studying or
                                             encompasses 42 square miles sur-                                                                               preparing draft designation documents for
                                             rounding the East and West Flower                                                                              six additional proposed Sanctuaries:
                                             Garden Banks, situated over 100 miles                                                                          Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts;
                                             off the coast of Texas. Designated in                                                                          Monterey Bay, California; North Puget
                                             November 1991, the Sanctuary                                                                                   Sound, Washington; Olympic Coast,
                                             protects the northernmost coral reefs                                                                          Washington; Norfolk Canyon, Virginia;
                                             on the North American continental                                                                              and Thunder Bay, Michigan.
                                             shelf





                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        35*"


                                                                    ........ ..


                                                                    ..........
                                                                    .............
                                                                    .............


                                                                    . ..........                                                         ...



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        35145*N
                                                                    ...........
                                                                    .............
                                                                    ............




                                                                                                              ..........
                                                                                                       .. ........

                                                                    ...............
                                                                    ........... . .. . . ....
                                                                                                       X             x



                                                                                      ..........
                                                                                  ... .. ....                                                                                                                                           351WN
                                                                                                                                                                         10-Fathom Line
                                                                                  ..........
                                                                                                              Psnifico Sound

                                                                    ..............
                                                                    ..............
                                                                    ...........   -
                                                                    ..............
                                                                    .... .. ... .

                                                                    ............
                                                                    ...........

                                                                                                                                                              Avon




                                                                                                                                                            Cape
                                                                                                                                                            Hatteras                   Viernond Shoals
                                                                                                                                                                                        Light Station


                                                                                              Hatteras Inlet

                                                                        Ocracoke Island                                                          rN

                                                                                                                                     1_@@                                                 A 04nde 0cmn
                                                                                                                                      10 Nalmlical Miles


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                I       3414FN

                                                                                             MOM                              75145W                            75*WW                            7511 5"W                         75100W



                                                                    The shipwreck lies 16.1 miles south-southeast of the Cape Hatteras
                                                                    Lighthouse in 230 feet of water.

                                        12 Drqft ReviSed Manctgement Plan


















                      ......  .....
                      . ... .... .....
                               The MONITOR Sanctuary

                       . . .........




                                                                 . . ..... ...






                                   . . . .. .. .........
                                          ---- ----- --- t.






                                                                             ............  . .. ...



                                                                  .... .....                    .......











                                            . . . . . . . .....

                                                                             . . . . . ....... .
                                                                             10
                                                                         . ........ ........      ...     ......
                                                                       ..............



                                Transect and plan views of the USS MONITOR. The ship, a high-tech marvel of naval
                                engineering in its day, cost $275,000 to build.


                                The USS MONITOR was designed by                    celebrated naval battles in American
                       ................
                        ........ ...
                        ...... ....
                                                            -American
                                                                                   history, changing forever the course of
                                John Ericsson, a Swedish
                                engineer, and was built and launched at            naval warfare and setting a totally new
                                Greenpoint, Long Island, New York. The             direction in naval architecture and ship
                                total cost to produce the ship was                 design.
                                $275,000. The MONITOR was the first
                                American ironclad, the first ship with a           Eleven months after being launched, the
                                revolving gun turret, the first ship with an       MONITOR's promising career was cut
                                anchor that could be raised and lowered            short. The MONITOR and 16 of her crew
                                from below deck, the first ship with forced-       were lost while under tow by the vessel
                                air ventilation, and last, but certainly not       USS RHODE ISLAND off of Cape
                                least, the first ship to become a National         Hatteras, North Carolina, an area known as
                                Marine Sanctuary. Her first battle, the first      the "Graveyard of the Atlantic." The
                                between ironclad warships, was fought on           ironclad, unable to weather the heavy gale-
                                March 9, 1862, at Hampton Roads, Vir-              driven seas, foundered and sank on De-
                                ginia. It involved the Confederate vessel          cember 31, 1862.
                                CSS VIRGINIA (MERRIMACK). The
                                battle of the MONITOR and the                      The MONITOR's final resting place
                                MERRIMACK was one of the most                      remained unknown in the Atlantic Ocean


                                                                                         Draft RevLsed Management Plan 13














                  for more than a century. Several searches       R/V EASTWARD located the
                  for the wreck took place after World War        MONITOR's remains and obtained the
                                                                  first video of the wreckage using remotely
                                                                  operated TV cameras. The group did not
                  In August 1973, scientists conducting a         confirm its discovery until a second
                  project using side-scan sonar onboard the       expedition to the site verified the ship's
                                                                  identity.






                  January 1862

             The USS MONITOR is                 'Me discovery     nautical mile surrounding the vessel as the
             launched at the Continen-          of the MONI-      Nation's first National Marine Sanctuary.
             tal Iron Works in Green-           TOR was
             point, Long Island, New            announced         On March 9, 1987, the 125th anniversary
             York.                              jointly by        of the MONITOR-VIRGINIA (MERRI-
                                                Duke Univer-      MACK) battle, the Secretary of the
                                                sity and the      Interior, Donald Hodel, designated the
                                                North Caro-       USS MONITOR as a National Historic
                  lina Department of Archives and History         Landmark.
                  on March 7, 1974. A question was imme-
                  diately posed: What should be done with
                  one of the most important objects - both
                  symbolically and actually - in American
                  history? After many discussions among a
                  wide variety of Federal, state and local
                  organizations as well as historians and the
                  public, the Governor of North Carolina
                  nominated the wreck of the MONITOR for
                  National Marine Sanctuary status on
                  September 26, 1974. To further the cause
                  of protecting this valuable historic re-
                  source, the Secretary of the Interior listed
                  the USS MONITOR on the National
                  Register of Historic Places on October 11.
                  1974.


                  On January 30, 1975, the Secretary of
                  Commerce made history when he desig-
                  nated the USS MONITOR and I square



                  14 Draft RevLsed Management Plan



















                                                                                                                        F:
                                                                                           ....... ...
                                                                                           .. ...........
                                                                                            ............
                                                                                                     X Z  X.
                                                                  ddt   iv
                                ---- ------



                                                                                                          . .. . .... .... .


                                Sanctuary goals and objectives provide the        MONITOR NMS Management Plan, the
                                framework for developing management               agency is in the process of formalizing a
                                strategies. The goals and objectives direct       comprehensive historical resources policy
                                Sanctuary activities which address the dual       that will address the historic and cultural
                                purposes of resource protection and               resources of all of the National Marine
                                multiple use, and are consistent with the         Sanctuaries.
                                intent of the National Marine Sanctuary
                                Program.                                          The highest priority management goal for
                                                                                  the MONITOR Sanctuary is resource
                                Management strategies for the MONITOR             protection through comprehensive and
                                NMS focus on the goals and objectives             coordinated conservation and management
                                outlined in this section. While these goals       of the wreck and its surroundings. An
                                and objectives are listed separately, their       important pan of our Nation's history, the
                                effects overlap. Resource protection              MONITOR, its artifacts, the archaeological
                                efforts, for instance, include expanding the      information at the site, the archaeological
                                Sanctuary's education program.                    collection and the MONITOR's records are
                                                                                  all part of the Sanctuary's resources.
                                                                                  Specific objectives of the resource protec-
                                                                                  ion program are
                                                                                  t                to:


                                Title III of the MPRSA authorizes NOAA            -Expand the current program for
                                to manage sanctuaries' historical resources,       surveillance of the site and enforce-
                                among others. In doing so, the agency must         ment of Sanctuary regulations,
                                comply with the Federal Archaeological
                                Program as outlined in Executive Order            -Promote public awareness of, and
                                11593 and Federal statutes defined in the          voluntary user compliance with,
                                National Historic Preservation Act of 1966         Sanctuary regulations thmugh an
                                (NHPA) and the Archaeological Resources            education program stressing the site's
                                Protection Act of 1979 (ARPA), as well as          sensitivity to human disturbances;
                                those acts' implementing regulations.             -Conduct monitoring studies to docu-
                                NOAA had no existing historical/cultural           ment changes in the MONITOR and
                                resources management policy when the               its immediate environment;
                                U.S.S. MONITOR was designated as the
                                first National Marine Sanctuary in 1975.          -Consider stabilizing the MONITOR;
                                Since the MONITOR was the most signifi-
                                cant historic shipwreck in U.S. waters, a         -Recover and conserve MONITOR
                                special policy was adopted for that site           artifacts which are in danger of being
                                [Title 111, sec. 314 added by PL 100-627,          lost, and add them to the MONITOR
                                MPRSA]. In subsequently designated                 collection at the Mariner's Museum
                                sanctuaries. the historic resources were           in Newport News, Virginia or other
                                considered secondary to the natural re-            appropriate public viewing sites.
                                sources. At the time of printing of the


                                                                                        Draft ReWsed Management Ran 15














                                  .......-                                                Archaeological studies which may
                                                                    .......... .
                                       iibh    ...... . .. .
                         ... .... ow-a
                                                             ..... .                      include the recovery of artifacts.

                         The Sanctuary requires a research
                                                                                                                 ..........
                                                                                                                 ............ ............. .... .
                                                                                                                        ...... .........
                                                                                            . ... .... ...       .. .............. ..
                         program that addresses resource protec-                         ..........................                    .. ..................
                                                                                                                      .................. .... ... ........
                         tion and other management issues.                               The education program is directed to
                         Research supported by NOAA has been
                         directed primarily toward protection by                         enhancing public awareness and under-
                         understanding the MONITOR and how                               standing of the significance of the
                         it has been affected by natural deteriora-                      Sanctuary and the need to protect the
                         tion and human activities. This research                        MONITOR. Specific objectives of the
                         was critical to developing effective                            education program are to:
                         approaches to management issues.                                                     0  Provide the'public
                         The current research goals                                                              with information on
                                                                                                                 the MONITOR and
                         for the MONITOR                                            -@@: 7@; @n@                                                                                  I
                         Sanctuary are to ens                       .... its surroundings, with
                                                   ure
                                                                                                                 emphasis on the need
                                                                      . ..... ........
                         the scientific recovery and                                                             to protect the wreck
                         dissemination of historical
                         and cultural information                        March 1862                              and its artifacts;
                         preserved at the MONI-                                                               0  Enhance and broaden
                         TOR site; and to conserve                The USS MONITOR and                            support for the
                         and manage the remains                   CSS VIRGINIA make na-                          Sanctuary and Sanctu-
                         of the MONITOR in a                      val history during a Jour-                     ary management by
                         marmer that appropriately                hour battle in Hampton                         offering programs
                         enhances both the signifi-               Roads,Virginia.                                suited to audiences
                         cance and interpretive                                                                  with a range of
                         potential of the warship.                                                               interests;
                         Specific objectives of the
                         research program include:                                        Encourage information exchange
                         ï¿½ Baseline studies to aid in determining                         among parties interested in the
                          the rate of deterioration of the ship,                          MONITOR.
                          and changes in the Sanctuary environ-                          :::`-..................... .....                                                         I
                                                                                                                        ..................
                                                                                                                    .................... ...........
                                                                                                                          ..............
                                                                                                                                          ...................
                                                                                                                                               ..........
                          ment;                                                                                ...... .........     :          --X,
                                                                                                                .................. .............. ...
                                                                                                                                       .............


                         ï¿½Predictive studies to assess causes and                        Specific objectives are to:
                          effects of corrosion, environmental
                          conditions, and human activities and                           o Assess the potential for increasing
                          to anticipate management issues;                                public access to the MONITOR;

                          An assessment of the potential for                             -Provide public access and use of the
                          stabilizing the MONITOR [MARSS                                  MONITOR Collection.
                          Project, see "Proposed On-site Activi-
                          ties"]


                         16 Draft RevLsed Management Plan




















                                                                                                                    ............ .......
                                                                                                                ........ .
                                                                                                                        ................
                                                                       e.
                                       Wronmen
                                                                                                           . . . . ........... ..
                                                                                                                     . .............
                                                                                                                         .............



                               The MONITOR's remains lie on the                 Windpatterns. In the area of the Sanctu-
                               Continental Shelf 16.1 nautical miles            ary, wind patterns can be generalized as
                               south-southeast of the Cape Hatteras Light.      prevailing from the north to west between
                               The MONITOR Sanctuary consists of a              November and February; north-northwest
                               vertical column of water in the Atlantic         and south-southwest between March and
                               Ocean 1 nautical mile in diameter extend-        June; south-southeast during July and
                               ing from the surface to the seabed. The          August; and north-northeast during Sep-
                               center of the water column is 35*00'23"          tember and October. However, unpredict-
                               north latitude and 75'24'32" west longi-         able variation has been observed and
                               tude.                                            spontaneous storms frequently occur.

                               In the vicinity of the MONITOR, the ocean        Biological organisms, A biological study
                               bottom is composed of sand, shell hash,          carried out by NOAA in June 1990 identi-
                               and clay below the surface. Bathymetric          fied encrusting organisms and motile
                               (topography of the sea floor) profiles of the    invertebrates on the wreck (Table 1). The
                               area indicate that the bottom surface slopes     wide variety of encrusting organisms
                               gently away to the southeast.                    included coral, sponges, sea squirts, sea
                                                                                anemones, hydmids, barnacles, tube
                               Visibi&y. Visibility in the 230-foot-deep        worms, mussels, and oysters. Oculina
                               water varies according to turbidity, the         arbusculd was the most abundant coraL but
                               Presence of microorganisms, and the              at least 40 species of sponges were ob-
                               intensity and angle of sunlight. Records to      served. Although many invertebrates are
                               date indicate that visibility varies from        cryptic and hard to detect, those identified
                               approximately 10 feet to more than 100           were crabs, brittlestars, sea urchins,
                               feet.                                            snapping shrimp, and spiny lobsters.

                               Currents. Although the site appears to be        The MONITOR's remains are located near
                               outside the western margin of the Gulf           the northern boundary of tropical reef fish
                               Stream, eddies created by that current may       habitat and therefore support a mixture of
                               directly influence the area. Changes in          temperate and tropical species. Fish
                               current direction and velocity occur             abundance has been estimated by visual
                               frequently. Within a 24-hour period,             counts and verified from videotape from
                               direction has been observed to change 360        five transect lines over the length of the
                               degrees. Current velocities are known to         MONITOR. Twenty-five species were
                               vary from 0.02 to more than 1.5 knots at         observed (Table 2). The most abundant
                               the bottom, and surface currents are             species was the red barbier. Thousands of
                               considerably stronger. Temperature in the        fish, approximately 1.5 to 5 inches total
                               area seems to be related to these current        length, formed schools at the stem and
                               patterns. While little specific data is          throughout the center of the vessel. The
                               available, temperature projections, based        predominant predator species was the
                               on similar sites, indicate an annual varia-      greater amberjack. Fifty-four fish were
                               tion between 52 degrees and 68 degrees           counted when approaching the MONITOR.
                               Fahrenheit.                                      Approximately half of the wreck was


                                                                                       Draft Revised Management Plan 17


Table I. Invertebrates in the Sanctuary

Common Name (Scientific Name)			Common Name (Scientific Name)

Tree coral (Oculina arbuscula)		Hydroids
Whip coral (Leptogorgia sp.)			Barnacles
Whip coral (Lothogorgia sp.)			Tube worms (Filograna implexa)
							Date mussel (Lithophaga sp.)
Vase sponges (Xextospongia sp.)		Oyster (Ostrea sp.)
Barrel sponges					Ark shells (arca sp.)
Finger sponges					
Encrusting sponges				Snapping shrimp
Garlic sponges					Xanthia crab (Eriphia gonagra)
Sponge (Erylus sp.)				Porcellanid crab (Pachycheles rugimanus)
							Brittlestar (Ophiothrix angulata)
Sea squirts						Sea urchin (Lytechinus sp.)
Sea anemones					Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus)


Table 2. Fish Associated with the Sanctuary

Common Name			Scientific Name			Number Observed

Greater amberjack		Seriola dumerili				54
Almaco jack			Seriola rivoliana				3
Dolpin			Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus		8
Great barracuda		Sphyraena barracuda			1
Black sea bass		Centropristis striata			35
Bank sea bass		Centropristis ocyurus			10
Speckled hind		Epinephelus drummondhayi		4
Gag				Mycteroperca microlepis			1
Red barbier			Hemanthias vivanus			thousands
Belted sandfish		Serranus subligarius			1
Scup				Stenotomus chrysops			14
Red porgy			Pagrus pagrus				2
Pinfish			Lagodon rhomboides			1
Vermilion snapper		Rhomboplites aurorubens			6
Tomtate			Haemulon aurolineatum			2
Reef butterflyfish	Chaetodon sedentarius			2
Slippery dick		Kalichoeres bivittatis			10
Scad				Decapterus sp.				hundreds
Cubbyu			Equetus umbrosus				1
Jackknife fish		Equetus lanceolatus			1
Purple reeffish		Chromis scotti				3
Cocoa damselfish		Pomacentrus variabilis			5
Leopard toadfish		Opsanus pardus				3
Reticulate moray		Muraena retifera				1
Sandbar shark		Carcharhinus plumbeus			1


18 Draft Revised Management Plan












                                visible so the number of jacks was esti-          1957. Reports indicate cold-water intru-
                                mated to be 108. Estimates of other               sion on the outer continental shelf may
                                common species included scad (several             have contributed to the killing of red
                                hundred); black sea bass (35); scup (14);         snapper and vermilion snapper. Most of
                                bank sea bass (10); slippery dick (10); and       the tropical species on the MONITOR
                                vermilion snapper (6).                            appear to be juveniles or young adults.

                                The MONITOR appears to be a productive
                                reef However, cold-water intrusions by
                                the Labrador Current may limit the produc-
                                tivity. Several fish kills have been ob-                                  .......
                                served in the Cape Hatteras area since




                                                                              ..... ..... ...
                                                                                          .. .. . .
                                                                              . .........
                                                     . ..... ...... ..                                     ecember 1862
                                                                                                         D
                                                            ............. X.:  ..............
                                                                              ... ... . . ....................


                                The MONITOR has been at the site since            recent years,      The MONITOR sinks in a
                                December 31, 1862, and is generally well          concerns have      gale off Cape Hatteras,
                                preserved. However, there is structural           developed          North Carolina.
                                damage and deterioration. Its present             aboutthe
                                condition can be directly related to damage       structural
                                that occurred at the time of sinking,             integrity of the
                                deterioration that has resulted from more         port armor belt and particularly about its
                                than a century of immersion in a sea-water        ability to continue to support the port side.
                                envirorunent, and damage from human               Detailed observations in 1987, 1990, and
                                activities. It is believed that depth-charging    1991 failed to produce any indications of
                                during World War 11 resulted in severe            distortion or buckling in the port armor
                                damage to the stem armor belt, as well as         belt. Careful examination of the surface of
                                to the lower hull forward of the midships'        the armor belt failed to locate distinct
                                bulkhead. In addition, there is some              searns between armor belt plates, which
                                damage resulting from vessels anchoring           would indicate that the plates are separat-
                                on the MONITOR. Fishing hooks and lines           ing from each other and/or from the
                                have been noticed on expeditions by               structure.
                                NOAA and private permittees.

                                The inverted hull of the MONITOR rests
                                partially submerged in bottom sediment            Analysis of data from several expeditions
                                with the port quarter stem supported by the       to the site indicates that the condition of
                                displaced turret. The position of the turret      the aft portion of the hull differs dramati-
                                under the port quarter armor belt and             cally from the remains forward of
                                settling along the starboard armor belt           midships. Along the sloping sides of the
                                caused by scouring action have combined           displacement hull aft of where the
                                to elevate the stem of the wreck and to           midships bulkhead stood, the plating has
                                produce an exaggerated list to starboard. In      deteriorated, and to a large degree only the


                                                                                        Draft ReuLsed Management Plan 19













                    remains of the iron frames survive. Above         articulated plates on the bottom of the
                    the aft overhead, the distinctive skeg is         lower hull.
                    visible although displaced from its original
                    position. The propeller and shaft are             Forward of the midships, damage to the
                    completely displaced. The shaft lies atop         lower hull is extensive. Although dis-
                    other displaced material beneath the stem,        placed sections of lower hull plating exist
                    while the propeller lies atop structural          along the starboard side, no intact plating
                    material below and to port of its original        can be identified along the port side. Much
                    position. The yoke that connected to the          of the material in evidence along the port
                    skeg is supported by debris and/or bottom         side has been identified as portions of the
                    sediment.                                                           interior of the ship, or
                                                                                        equipment and fittings
                    The starboard quarter is                                            that were stowed below
                    buried to a depth of                                                the crew's quarters, ward
                                                                                        room, and galley. From
                    approximately 5 feet while
                    the port quarter is sup-                                            the circular anchor well
                    ported more than 7 feet                                             immediately aft of the
                    above the bottom of the                August 1973                  bow, anchor chain leads
                    turret. Inside the hull,                                            over the starboard side
                    steam propulsion and              The wreck of the MONI-            and into the bottom
                    auxiliary machinery               TOR is located 16 miles           sediments to tile south.
                    appear to be collapsing                                             Aft of the anchor well, the
                    toward the bottom sedi  I         off Cape Hatteras in 230          deck beams supporting the
                    ment under the weight of         feet of water.                     pilot house are visible.
                    the remains of the lower
                    hull, which rests directly                                          Available data indicate
                    on the engineering space.                                           that the destruction of the
                    Additional damage to the engineering              lower hull forward of the midships bulk-
                    space has been caused by the displacement         head closely resembles that which results
                    of the skeg and propeller shaft.                  from an explosion of considerable force.
                                                                      As the site is located in the traditional
                    The midships bulkhead has almost com-             shipping lane off the North Carolina coast,
                    pletely collapsed. Without support from the       it is possible that the damage is the result
                    bulkhead, the lower hull is settling toward       of the effects of depth charging during
                    the bow. The twisted bulkhead frame is            World War 11. During the war, enemy
                    visible immediately forward of its original       submarines frequently rested on the
                    position, lying in the wreck atop displaced       continental shelf during the day, surfacing
                    stanchions and the remains of hull plates.        at night to destroy merchant stfips along
                    Much of the damage, including the loss of         the coast. In an effort to prevent diis, the
                    a number of armor plates from the port side       Navy and the Coast Guard made a practice
                    and bottom of the lower hull, is the result       of dropping depth charges on all sonar
                    of recent human impact, such as anchoring.        targets. Quite possibly one of these targets
                    Ibis is evidenced by displaced hull plates        was the MONITOR. An explosion of this
                    that have been dragged upstream and atop          type in the area forward of the midships
                                                                      bulkhead would certainly have been


                    2o Draft ReuLsed Management Plan













                                       capable of collapsing the already weak-                         deck have completely separated and armor
                                       ened hull of the vessel, and may also                           plates hang suspended by deteriorated
                                       explain the distribution of hull plates                         fittings. Forward of the turret, distinct
                                       upstream and a considerable distance from                       separations between deck plates indicate
                                       the MONITOR.                                                    that these plates are also separating from
                                                                                                       the wreck. Below the position of the port
                                                                                                                 p
                                                                                                       boiler u take hatch, a portion of the
                                                           ...... ....                                 smoke-pipe breaching is protruding from
                                       Forward of the pilothouse, virtually all of                     the deck and into the sediment.
                                       the deck is free of bottom sediment. A                          ........h                         .. ..........
                                                                                                                                             . . . ................
                                                                                                                                     ......... ......
                                                                                                                                     . .......................... ........
                                                                                                                                     . .. .. . ..      .........
                                                                                                                                    .. ...................................
                                       portion of the pilothouse structure is                          ..............             ................................................
                                       exposed above the sediment. From this
                                       point aft to the present position of the                        Structurally, the turret's remains appear to
                                       turret, the entire port side of the vessel                      be in good condition. The gun ports are
                                       remains free of the bottom, supporting its                      blocked by heavy wrought-iron port
                                       own weight and that of the                                                            stoppers that protected the
                                       sediment accumulated                                                                  ordnance and gun crew
                                       within the confines of the                                                            from hostile fire. Wood
                                       hull. Aft of the engineer-                                                             ucklers that covered the
                                                                                                                             b
                                       ing space, the deck has                                                               gun ports while underway
                                       suffered extensive damage                                                             are not present, although
                                       and considerably less of                           April 1974                         bolts that held them in
                                       the deck there supports                                                               place are intact and
                                       itself. The armor plating                  A second expedition to                     protrude from the rammer
                                       on the deck has completely                 the site confirms the                      holes in the port stoppers.
                                       separated from the deck                    MONITOR's location.                        Aside from basketball-
                                       planking in several areas,                                                            sized dents still visible
                                       indicating advanced                                                                   through the heavy fouling
                                       deterioration.                                                                        - possibly from the
                                                                                                                             MONITOR's engagement
                                       At both the wardroom and                                                              with the MERRIMACK
                                       midships locations where the deck of the                            little damage is apparent. Examination
                                       MONITOR is ruptured, material associ-                           of the turret floor during NOAA's 1979
                                       ated with the ship is washing out of the                        expedition produced no indication of
                                       wreck and onto the sediment below. The                          access hatches in the base. A depression in
                                       amount of material redistributed in this                        the center of the turret floor indicated that
                                       manner appears to be augmented by                               the shaft upon which the turret rotated had
                                       pressure created by the current flowing                         dislodged as the turret and hull separated.
                                       over the wreck.                                                 Debris from the deck above, including
                                                                                                       large sections of hull plate and what appear
                                       In the vicinity of the turret, deck plates                      to be pipes, have collapsed onto the turret
                                       have been dislodged by destruction                              floor.
                                       associated with the stem of the vessel.
                                       Behind and aft of the turret, sections of the



                                                                                                               Draft RevLsed Management Plan 21










                                 tu                 n
                                                                                                   . . .. ...........
                                                                                           . . . ... ....... .... . .


                    NOAA's management of the MONITOR
                    Sanctuary is designed to protect the site
                    and its resources. NOAA conducts and
                    permits scientific research on the MONI-
                    TOR at the site. NOAA is also involved in
                    a number of off-site management activities,
                    including research and public education
                    efforts. The Mariners'Museum in Newport
                    News, Virginia was selected in 1987 as the
                    principal museum for curatorship of
                    artifacts and papers of the MONITOR
                    Collection. Plans to fully utilize the
                    Mariners'Museum are provided in the
                    Administrative and Education sections of
                    this plan.

                    Since designation of the site as a National
                    Marine Sanctuary, access to the MONI-
                    TOR has been limited to scientific research
                    related to the vessel. Prior to conducting
                    these activities, NOAA must issue a permit
                    pursuant to 15 CFR 924.5 (Appendix A).
                    A summary of NOAA-permitted expedi-
                    tions to the MONITOR Sanctuary is
                    included in Appendix B.

                    The current management structure for the
                    MONITOR Sanctuary includes a Sanctuary
                    Manager and an Education Coordinator
                    located in Tidewater Virginia. This staff is
                    supervised by the Chief, Atlantic and Great
                    Lakes Branch, Sanctuaries and Reserves
                    Division, NOAA, in Washington, D.C.













                    22 Draft RevLwd Management Plan







                              Administration
                    ............
























                                            ................


                                     Moft




                   W\




                                       ..... .....


                              The MONITOR lies 16.1 miles south-southeast of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in
                              230feet of water. A computer-generated model of the wreck was developed using
                              1987 data generated by a three-dimensional sonar survey.


                              Sanctuaries and Reserves
                              Division

                              The National Marine Sanctuary Program is       The SRD develops a general budget, setting
                              administered by the Sanctuaries and            out expenditures for program development,
                              Reserves Division (SRD). A site-specific       operating costs, and staffing. Funding
                              management plan is prepared for indi-          priorities are reviewed and adjusted annu-
                              vidual Sanctuaries to ensure that on-site      ally to reflect evolving conditions at the
                              activities involving resource protection,      MONITOR Sanctuary as well as National
                              research, and education are coordinated        Marine Sanctuary Program priorities and
                              and are consistent with national Sanctuary     requirements. The SRD also establishes
                              goals and objectives.                          priorities and procedures in response to

                                                                                      Dmft RevWed Management Plan 25











                         specific issues in each Sanctuary. Detailed                    Marine Center in Norfolk, Virginia. The
                         SRD responsibilities are listed in the                         Sanctuary's headquarters may be moved in
                         Resource Protection, Research, and                             the future to respond to long- term priori-
                         Education sections of this document.                           ties for the site. Possible locations include
                                                                                        Newport News, Virginia and coastal North

                                                 . . ..   . ......
                                                            ........ ...........
                                                                ..............
                                          . . ........                                  Carolina. The Sanctuary's Education
                         . .................... .. . .               . ..........
                                                                           ................
                                                                                        Coordinator maintains an office at the
                         In 1990, the SRD created the position of                       Mariners'Museum in Newport News.
                         Marine Archaeologist within the Technical
                                                                                                                                         ......   ....
                                                                                                                              ......... .
                                                                          added
                                                                                                              w
                         Projects Branch. In 1991, the SRD,                             ....... Of
                                                                                                                                ..... ......
                                                                                                                              ............. ......
                                                                                                                 X. 0:14'.......
                         the position of Maritime Historian. This
                         professional nucleus makes up the Marine                       Minimum staffing will consist of a full-
                         Archaeology & Maritime                                                                 time Sanctuary Manager
                         History Unit (MAMHU).                                                                  and Education Coordina-
                         MAMHU is responsible for                                                               tor. Currently, pan-time
                                                                                                                clerical support is being
                         Marine Protection, Re-
                         search, and Sanctuaries Act                                                            negotiated.
                         program requirements                             January 1975
                         relating to historical/                                                                Depending on the budget
                         cultural requirements and                  TheMONITOR site is des-                     and personnel assigned to
                         other Federal statutes, most               ignated as the nation's                     the MONITOR Sanctu-
                         notably the National                       firstmarine sanctuary un-                   ary, staffing could include
                         Historic Preservation Act.                                                             a NOAA Sanctuary
                         MAMHU reviews and                          der the management of                       Manager,     an administra-
                         makes recommendations                      the National Oceanic and                    tive assistant, a research
                         on research permits involv-                Atmospheric Administra-                     coordinator, an education
                         ing historical/cultural                    tion (NOAA).                                coordinator, and one or
                         resources, and plans and                   I                                      I    more joint positions of
                         conducts research in both National Marine                      interpreter/enforcement official. The
                         Sanctuaries and National Estuarine Re-                         Sanctuary staff will work closely with the
                         search Reserves.                                               U.S. Coast Guard and other Federal and
                                                                                        State agencies to provide enforcement and
                                                                    ....... ....... ............. surveillance in the Sanctuary.
                                                                    ..............
                                                                ... ..............
                                                                              ............
                                                                ........... .........................
                         ............. X.-


                         The Sanctuary Manager for the MONITOR
                         reports directly to the SRD Chief of the
                         Atlantic and Great Lakes Region, in
                         Washington, D.C. The SRD is responsible
                         for the overall management of the Sanctu-
                         ary; however, the Sanctuary Manager is
                         responsible for the day-to-day management
                         of the site. The Manager represents the
                         SRD as a spokesperson for the MONITOR
                         Sanctuary. The Sanctuary's headquarters
                         is currently located at NOAA's Atlantic


                         26 Draft Reutsed Management Plan








                               Assisting Entities


                                                                                                                   ...................
                                                 as.           uara:-:
                                                                                                                      ... .   ....


                               The United States Coast Guard (USCG)              violations of Sanctuary regulations. USCG
                               assists NOAA in surveillance efforts and          units conduct logistics on Diamond Shoals
                               actions related to enforcing regulations at       Light, undertake search- and-rescue mis-
                               the MONITOR Sanctuary.                            sions in the area, and assist other vessels
                               During normal operations, 5th District            with transit.
                               Coast Guard units operating in the vicinity
                               of the Sanctuary conduct surveillance for


                                                                      .................
                                                                      ....... .....
                                                                                                         uly-August 1977
                                                                                              ............
                                     ... . ......                        . . ........... .........
                               On September 4, 1986, NOAA published                Federal law,       The MONITOR is
                               guidelines in the Federal Register for              and NOAA's         photographed during the
                               submitting proposals for consideration as           approval;          firstNOAA -sponsored
                               principal museum for the MONITOR                                       expedition to the site. A
                               Collection of Artifacts and Papers (now             deliver to the     hull plate and a brass
                               known as the MONITOR Collection).                   Museum             navigation lantern are
                               Based on these guidelines, the Mariners'            MONITOR            recovered.
                               Museum was designated as the Principal              NMS arti-
                               Museum for the MONITOR Collection.           A      facts, papers,
                               Memorandum of Agreement between                     and records;
                               NOAA and the museum was signed on
                               July 13, 1987 (Appendix Q.                          provide funds to support base services
                                                                                   and initiate special projects agreed to
                               Ibis agreement sets out the responsibilities        by the Museum and NOAA; and to
                               of NOAA and the Mariners' Museum                    designate a field manager for the
                               related to the MONITOR Sanctuary. A                 MONITOR Sanctuary to assist the
                               programmatic cooperative agreement was              Museum in implementing these
                               signed between NOAA and the Mariners'               agreements.
                               Museum in October 1989. This agreement
                               remains in effect until October 1999.             In the agreements, the Mariners'
                                                                                 Museum committed to:
                               In the agreements, NOAA committed to:
                                                                                   maintain archives, a research library,
                                 provide financial support for the                 and a conservation facility for the
                                 services of the Mariners'Museum                   MONITOR;
                                 subject to annual appropriations,


                                                                                         Draft ReWsed Management Plan 27













                     ï¿½develop permanent and traveling                   - adequately insure the MONITOR
                      exhibits for the Sanctuary, and assist              Collection from theft or other loss;
                      other participating museums in
                      developing exhibits and interpretive              - catalog aH known MONITOR-related
                      displays;                                           materials in both private and public
                     ï¿½manage the lending of portions of the               collections;
                      MONITOR Collection to other                       - assist and advise NOAA regarding the
                      qualified repositories for research,                future planning of the MONITOR
                      interpretation, or educational pur-                 NMS and development of the MONI-
                      poses;                                              TOR Collection;

                     ï¿½maintain the MONITOR Collection                   - comply with relevant Federal regula-
                      under envirorunentally and physically               tions regarding the curatorship of
                      secure conditions within storage,                   Federally owned archaeological
                      exhibition, laboratory, and study                   collections;
                      areas;
                                                                        - provide other services relating to the
                     ï¿½inspect the MONITOR Collection on                   MONITOR NMS as agreed to by
                      a regular basis and make recommen-                  NOAA and the Museum.
                      dations as to necessary maintenance
                      conservation measures;                            Guidelines for use of the MONITOR
                                                                        Collection by researchers are found in
                                                                        Appendix D.

                                 N [email protected].


                                                                          . . ........
                                                  .....     ......-
                                                                          ..........  .............
                                                                          ........................
                      August 1979
                                                                             . ..............
                                                                              . ..............


                 Archaeologists carry out          In 199 1,            Smithsonian Institution; the Director of
                 several major scientific          NOAA estab-          Maritime Preservation for the National
                 objectives, including             lished the           Trust for Historic Preservation, and the
                 placement of a reference          Marine His-          Senior Historian of the U.S. Navy.
                 system, inclinometer              torical Re-
                 measurements, and a               source Evalua-       The MONITOR Sanctuary Manager and
                 small excavation during           tion Team            the SRD can seek the MHRETs advice
                 a 28-day, NOAA-spon-              (MHRET)-             concerning resource management issues
                 sored expedition.                 The MHRET            related to the MONITOR Sanctuary. The
                                                   is chaired by        intention is to augment, not replace,
                                                   NOAA, and its        NOAA's ongoing efforts to solicit opinions
                     membership includes the Chief Archaeolo-           from both the public and maritime-history
                     gist from the Minerals Management                  professionals.
                     Service, U.S. Department of the Interior,
                     the Curator of Maritime History at the


                     28 Draft Reutsed Management PLan








                               Roles and Responsibilities

                                                            ... ... .. .....
                                    Mour-IM:
                                                                                         ..... ............
                                                                                                    ..... .....
                                                                             . .... .. ... .... ......
                                                                                        ....... .... .
                               ..........


                                               The Sanctuary Manager:

                               - Recommends to the SRD annual priorities for allocating resource-
                                 protection funds, both to ensure consistency with Sanctuary
                                 regulations and to provide adequate protection;

                               - Coordinates surveillance and enforcement activities by providing
                                 liaison with Federal, State, regional and local agencies;

                               - Reports regularly to the SRD on surveillance and enforcement
                                 activities, including emergencies;

                               . Evaluates overall progress toward the Sanctuary Program's re-
                                 source-protection objectives, and prepares semiannual and bi-
                                 monthly progress reports highlighting activities for the SRD;

                               - Evaluates and approves all research, education and special-use
                                 permits. The Sanctuaries and Reserves Division:

                                   - Approves funding priorities for resource protection;

                                   -Monitors the effectiveness of interagency agreements for surveillance
                                    and enforcement, and negotiates required changes;

                                   -Monitors the effectiveness of existing Sanctuary regulations, and
                                    promulgates required changes;

                                   -Evaluates overall progress toward the resource-protection objectives
                                    of the National Marine Sanctuary Program.

                                                          The U.S. Coast Guard:

                                       - Ensures enforcement of Sanctuary regulations;

                                       - Provides suggestions on surveillance at the site.







                               30 Draft ReuLsed Management Plan




















                                                                             .................
                                                                ...            ......... ..........
                                                                                                           .......          .............
                                                                                                                            ...........


                                                                                                                        . ..........




                                                                              The Sanctuary Manager:

                                                             - Develops general areas of research and specific projects to
                                                               resolve management issues;

                                                             - Prepares the Sanctuary Research Plan (SRP);

                                                             ' Reviews research documents and progress reports submitted by
                                                               contractors;

                                                             - Prepares assessments of research needs a*nd priorities based on
                                                               management requirements and research continuity;

                                                             . Implements the SRP;

                                                             - Coordinates research and monitoring activities in the Sanctuary in
                                                               cooperation with the SRD and other interested parties/agencies;

                                                             - Reviews and evaluates research proposals considering the views of
                                                               the SRD, concerned individuals and interest groups;

                                                             - Administers the research-permitting process;

                                                             - Approves or denies permits for research activities to ensure consis-
                                                               tency with Sanctuary regulations and to provide additional technical
                                                               review;


                                                             - Oversees permitted research activities.

                                                                The Sanctuaries and Reserves Division:

                                                           Approves an annual Sanctuary Research Plan (SRP) for each
                                                           Sanctuary;

                                                           Prepares an annual National Research Plan (NRP) and budget,
                                                           based on the SRPs of individual Sanctuaries and in accordance
                                                           with priorities determined at the National level;

                                                           Reviews all interim and final research reports submitted by the
                                                           Sanctuary Manager;

                                                           Provides additional technical reviews, as needed, for proposed
                                                           r s    h activities.






                                                                                           Draft ReuLsed Management Plan 31



















                                                                                ..........
                                    ...... .......  ...
                                                     ........... ....... .... ......
                                                            .... ... ..... ::*ix                     . ............ ... ...
                                                                                                        ..........
                                                                                                     ... . ........ .........
                                                                                                      ......... .........
                                                   ...........           .............   ....................
                                                   ..........                ..... . ......
                                                                                                        ...........
                                                                         .......................        ..........
                                                   ........... ...:
                                                                                                             .................
                                                   .............                            . .. .................................
                     ..........     . . .......  ...... ... .. .                   .. ... .             ...........

                                     The Sanctuary Manager:

                     ï¿½ Recommends and provides to the SRD an annual educational
                      priorities fist and budget;

                     ï¿½Supervises the design/production of Sanctuary educational materials
                      and facilities and provides training for educational staff;

                     ï¿½Encourages local and regional organizations to participate in
                      Sanctuary education efforts;

                     ï¿½Oversees development of any facilities constructed for the Sanctuary,
                      reviews site analyses/design specifications, and makes recommenda-
                      tions on construction and maintenance contracts;


                     ï¿½Approves or denies Sanctuary education permits to ensure compliance
                      with Sanctuary regulations;

                     ï¿½Issues education permits and oversees those activities.

                                      The Education Coordinator:


                        ï¿½ Develops and recommends the annual education plan to the Sanctuary
                         Manager;

                        ï¿½Implements the education plan;

                        ï¿½Disseminates information to the public about the Sanctuary and the
                         National Marine Sanctuary Program;

                        ï¿½With the Sanctuary Manager, makes presentations and produces
                         written material for articles and educational packages;

                        ï¿½Maintains the MONITOR Collection and serves as primary Sanctuary
                         liaison to the Mariners' Museum.

                                    The Sanctuaries and Reserves Division:

                             . Reviews and approves the list of annual priorities for education and
                               the annual education budget prepared by the Sanctuary Manager,

                             - Reviews and approves design proposals for all educational facilities;

                             - Reviews and approves all educational materials prepared for the
                               Sanctuary;

                             - Evaluates progress toward accomplishing objectives for education,
                               and adjusts short- and long-term priorities accordingly.


                     32 Draft Reutsed Management Plan





















                                                                                                                      
                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                               Site Administration                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                         -The Sanctuary Manager:

                                                          Coordinates on-site efforts of all parties involved in Sanctuary
                                                          activities;

                                                          Identifies, analyzes, and resolves Sanctuary management problems
                                                          and issues;

                                                          Coordinates Sanctuary management with other Federal and State
                                                          agencies and private organizations;

                                                          Periodically reviews the management plan and recommends changes
                                                          to the SRD:


                                                          Prepares the annual Sanctuary budget and submits it to the SRD for
                                                          approval-,

                                                          Oversees day-to-day Sanctuary operations, including administrative
                                                          functions such as budgeting and purchasing activities;

                                                          Represents Sanctuary viewpoints on local issues at public forums:

                                                          Reviews and issues special-use permits.

                                                             The Sanctuaries and Reserves Division:

                                                       Ensures that the Sanctuary is operated in a manner consistent with
                                                       established National Program policies and with applicable national
                                                       and international laws, and provides guidance to the Sanctuary
                                                       Manager;

                                                       Directs and assists the Sanctuary manager in implementing the
                                                       Management Plan,

                                                       Evaluates the effectiveness of Sanctuary management and regulatory
                                                       measures;


                                                       Reviews and approves a program budget for the Sanctuary submitted
                                                       by the Sanctuary Manager;

                                                       Provides funding for overall Sanctuary management and
                                                       administration.









                                                                                       Draft Revised Management Plan 33
 






                             Resource Protection

                                                                       Program
                                                                       Objectives

                                                                       The MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary
                                                                       was established in 1975 under the authority of
                                                                       Title III of the Marine Protection, Research,
                                                                       and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, as amended, (16
                                                                       U.S.C. 1431 et seq.). Because of its national
                                                                       historical significance, the USS MONITOR
                                                                       has also been placed on the National Register
                                                                       of Historic Places and designated a National
                                                                       Historic Landmark.


                                                                       The primary purpose of the Management Plan
                                                                                ide a framework for the responsible
                                                                       is to prov
                                                                       protection and management of the MONI-
                                                                       TOR, all associated artifacts, and the site
                                                                       itself. The Management Plan must also
                                                                       provide for resource protection in accordance
                                                                       with all applicable Federal laws. NOAA must
                                                                       -insure that all proposed site activities comply
                                                                       with the regulations of the Marine Protection,
                                                                       Research and Sanctuaries Act; the Uniform
                                                                       Regulations for the Protection of Archaeo-
                                                                       logical Resources; the National Historic
                                                                       Preservation Act (NHPA); and the National
                             A brass navigation lantern with           Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). In
                             afresnel lens was recovered               addition, all permit applications are submitted
                             from the site in 1977. It is              for review under the 36 CFR 106 review
                             currently on display at The               process, and approval is required by the
                             Mariner's Museum in Newport               Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
                             News, Virginia.                           The Management Plan outlines several
                                                                       objectives for insuring the protection of the
                                                                       MONITOR Sanctuary.

                                                                       NOAA has identified four principal objectives
                                                                       for Resource Protection: public awareness,
                                                                       regulation enforcement, stabilization, and
                                                                       controlled artifact recovery.


                                                                                 Draft RevLsed Management Plan 35



















                                                                                      .... ......

                                                                                                           ............ .
                                                 dreness.:                         ...........
                                   te
                             . . ....            .........
                                      .............  ...........


                      The first resource-protection objective is to      boating public, and also those involved in
                      promote public awareness of, and volun-            related service industries (e.g., dive-boat
                      tary user compliance with, Sanctuary               operators, bait-and-tackle shops.) This
                      regulations through an education program           objective is further addressed in the
                      stressing a resource conservation ethic and        Education section of this Management
                      explaining the site's significance. Manage-        Plan.
                      ment experiences at the MONITOR and
                      other National Marine Sanctuaries have             Consideration is being given to placing a
                      shown that the public must be made aware           NOAA-maintained data buoy at the site.
                      of the Sanctuary's location, significance,         This buoy's payload would provide real-
                      and activities that threaten the resource. An      time information on wind speed and
                      important aspect of managing the Sanctu-           direction, wave height, sea-level pressure,
                      ary is to educate the diving, fishing, and         air temperature, and sea-surface tempera-
                                                                         ture. Weather information gathered at the
                                                                         site would be offered to local mariners as a
                                                                         public service.




                          1979-1982


                   The first management              The second          nent U.S. Coast Guard assistance in
                   plan for the MONITOR              resource            enforcing Sanctuary regulations, and
                   Sanctuary is developed            protection          consideration is being given to acquiring
                   and distributed.                  objective is to     automatic surveillance equipment at the
                                                     expandthe           site. A Sanctuary enforcement officer will
                                                     current             be added to the staff as funding allows.
                      enforcement program. The Sanctuary will
                      formalize an agreement to obtain perma-



                                                                                    .. ... ........
                                  ILLtZa
                                                                      . ....... ............
                                                            .............. ..


                      Previous NOAA studies indicate that the            this corrosion process by installing cathodic
                      MONITOR is slowly deteriorating. NOAA              protection at the cell locations. This systern
                      is investigating several options for stabiliz-     is similar to the method of attaching
                      ing the MONITOR, including cathodic                44zincs" to the hulls of steel ships to retard
                      protection and mechanical support. The             galvanic action. Additionally, NOAA is
                      1987 study pinpointed "cells" or areas of          studying the possibility of physically
                      the wreck where corrosion is occurring             stabilizing the weakest portions of the
                      more rapidly than at other locations. One          structure, such as the armor belt and stem,
                      option currently being studied is to retard        through mechanical support such as jacks.

                      36 Draft RevLsed Management Plan











                                                                                          -vent      ..
                                                                                  -CCO
                                                                                                                   .............. .. . .. .. ....
                                                                                                                     ......... ........ ..
                                                                                                                    ..................... ...
                                                                                                                    ..... ....
                                                                                                                ...... ....... 111 .... ........
                                       1: ft"t                                                       .....   .. ... .I......... ....... ........
                                                                                                           . ... . ................ ....... .... ... .......
                                                           . . . .......                                         . . . .. ... ... .


                                The fourth resource protection objective is       Should theft and vandalism prove to be a
                                to systematically recover artifacts when          significant problem at the site, additional
                                necessitated by any of the following              artifact recovery could become necessary.
                                situations:


                                ï¿½ artifacts in danger of being lost to natural
                                  elements (currents, corrosion, etc.)

                                ï¿½ artifacts in danger of being destroyed by
                                  deterioration or collapse of the vessel
                                  structure


                                ï¿½ artifacts deemed important for scientific
                                  or archaeological studies.


                                Management Options

                                 kedove
                                               .1 . .............


                                The option of complete recovery of the            at present no facility capable of performing
                                MONITOR was evaluated by NOAA over                conservation on the entire hull or even
                                the past decade. This option has been             major portions such as the turret. (The
                                eliminated for a variety of reasons. The          turret alone is more than 21 feet in diam-
                                consensus of scientists who have worked at        eter, 10 feet high and weighs in excess of
                                the site or reviewed the scientific data from     100 tons, riot counting the two I I -inch
                                the site is that any attempt at total recovery    Dahlgren cannons and other equipment
                                would result in extensive damage and/or           currently entombed within it.) Further-
                                destruction of major portions of the vessel.      more, data generated through on-site
                                The option of partial recovery, such as           investigations by NOAA in 1979, 1987,
                                recovery of the turret or other major             1990 and 1991 indicate that the wreck has
                                components was also evaluated, with the           lost much of its structural integrity, par-
                                same conclusion. The turret lies beneath          ticularly in the area aft of the midships
                                the inverted hull, thus increasing the            bulkhead. These factors, along with the
                                difficulty of removal without severe              exorbitant costs estimated for recovery and
                                damage to the remaining structure.                preservation (some estimates were in
                                                                                  excess of $ 100 million), led NOAA to
                                While the technology exists to conserve the       conclude that the recovery option was not
                                MONITOR, should it be recovered. there is         viable.


                                                                                         Dmft ReuLwd Mwwgement Plan 37




















                                                                                                     ... . ........  ...........


                                                                                                            .... ...... .
                                                     muff
                                          ...... ....                                                        ......................
                                                                                        X7:

                     In-situ preservation of the MONITOR is           vessel, including collapse of portions of the
                     preferred in concert with NOAA's general         deck at the stem. These changes may
                     policy on historical and cultural resources,     render at least part of the 1987 data invalid,
                     and the Federal Archaeological Program.          since collapses and the resulting shifts of
                     Recent NOAA surveys of the MONITOR               structural material could have interrupted
                     show that at certain locations, corrosion        the electrical continuity that existed in
                     and other factors have severely compro-          1987. Total cathodic protection would
                     mised the vessel's structural integrity.         require comprehensive on-site investiga-
                     Thus, to further In-situ preservation,           tions to conduct current tests to assess
                     cathodic protection and physical stabiliza-      electrical conductivity. Limited cathodic
                     tion of portions of the armor belt are being     protection at the turret-armor belt junction
                     considered to prevent further deterioration.     would require additional on-site data. This
                                                                      would provide some measure of protection
                     During the 1987 NOAA expedition,                 to the armor belt where continuity exists.
                     baseline corrosion measurements were
                     taken at several hundred locations on the        Other forms of in-situ preservation may be
                     ship as a preliminary assessment of the          considered in the MONITOR NMS.
                     potential for in-situ protection. However,       Cofferdams, freezing, and underwater
                     NOAA's 1990 reconnaissance expeditions           domes have been suggested; however,
                     to the site documented changes in the            these alternatives do not appear technologi-
                                                                      cally feasible at this time.




                  -:37


                                                                                      ......... .....
                                                                       :on         td`A%.V6i
                     February 1983
                                                                                     .. ....... .
                                                                               . . .... . ..... .


                  A revised management             Site inspec-       NOAA-sponsored research. NOAA has
                         or the MONITOR            tion. Periodic     sponsored or participated in a number of
                  planf
                  Sanctuary is finalized           resource           scientific research expeditions to the
                  and distributed.                 assessment and     MONITOR site, as outlined in Appendix
                                                   documentation      B, and will continue to do so as persomel
                                                   of the MONI-       and funding permit.
                     TOR does take place and will continue.
                     NOAA prefers in-situ preservation, but           Privately funded research. NOAA wel-
                     exercises the option of recovering artifacts     comes proposals from privately funded
                     in danger of being lost. NOAA carries out        organizations for scientific research at the
                     conservation, preservation, interpretation       MONITOR NMS. Proposals that comply
                     and the display of artifacts with the aid of     with the review criteria outlined in this
                     the Mariners' Museum.                            Management Plan will be approved and the
                                                                      resulting data and reports will be added to


                     38 Draft RevLswd Management Plan













                               the growing body of information on the            notice in the Federal Register, and plans to
                               site. In 1991 NOAA actively sought                continue this policy of encouraging partici-
                               proposals from outside sources through a          pation in ongoing research at the Sanctuary.


                                                                     ...........
                                                                            c    im
                                                           n-st e."A ''t
                                                                                                                   .. . .......

                                               .... ..........
                                   ....... ... ....                                                                 ......


                               NOAA-sponsored research. NOAA is                  nonresearch purposes. The MARSS project
                               considering a series of major scientific          will supply additional information neces-
                               research activities at the MONITOR site in        sary for making a final determination of
                               1993 as part of the MONITOR Archaeo-              the conditions for recreational access.
                               logical Research and Structural Surveys
                               (MARSS) project. The objectives of this           Unlimited access. Unlimited access is not
                               project include completing the research           an acceptable option due to the high
                               necessary to detail the MONITOR's                 probability of adverse impact from an-
                               current condition; physically stabilizing         chors, debris, or other material intention-
                               portions of the MONITOR's hull-, and              ally or unintentionally coming into contact
                               mapping, recovering and conserving any            with the vessel. However, limited access to
                               artifacts determined to be in danger of           the MONITOR for nonresearch purposes is
                               damage or loss. A MARSS operations plan           being considered as an acceptable option.
                               is being prepared to address research             This access would be controlled so as not
                               needs, project goals, archaeological and          to compromise the site's archaeological
                               engineering methodology, and artifact             integrity or historical value. Restrictions
                               conservation and curatorship.                     would be established to protect the re-
                                                                                 source. A special-use permit would be
                               Privatelyfunded research. As stated in the        required, which identifies and conditions
                               previous section, NOAA will continue to           the allowed/prohibited activities during the
                               welcome and review proposals from                 visit (e.g., taking photographs/removing
                               privately funded organizations for scien-         artifacts, respectively. On-board observers
                               tific research at the MONITOR NMS. It is          would be an option for all NOAA-permit-
                               expected that additional permits will be          ted activities. This recognizes the ex-
                               issued for privately funded research              pressed interest in increased public access
                               projects in the coming years, and that            to the Sanctuary, while still carrying out
                               NOAA will participate in these projects to        NOAA's mandate under the MPRSA to
                               the fullest extent possible.                      protect this national historic resource.

                               Recreational access. Although protecting          Mooring system. An underwater mooring
                               the resource is the most important manage-        system is also being considered. 'Me
                               ment objective for Marine Sanctuaries,            mooring would accommodate a small
                               NOAA also seeks to provide maximum                diving support vessel and would be avail-
                               access to the Sanctuaries for the public's        able for use by permitted research and non-
                               benefit and enjoyment. Based on its               research activities. Such a mooring would
                               experience in managing the Sanctuary,             not be attached to a surface buoy, and thus
                               NOAA has determined that the MONITOR              would pose no hazard to navigation.
                               can support limited access to divers for


                                                                                        Draft RevLsed Mwwgement Plan 39







                              Research
                    ................
























                              This octagonal mustard bottle was one of several l9th-century condiment
                              containers recovered during the 1979 NOAA-sponsored expedition.
                    ................


                             F@-ogram Objectives

                              Sanctuary research projects funded by            has been affected by natural deterioration
                              SRD will generally address the resolution        and human activities. Since research itself
                              of management issues and concerns. The           may result in harm to the resource, or
                              Sanctuary Manager and SRD staff will             increase the risk of harm, all research
                              follow research selection procedures             conducted at the MONITOR site is subject
                              established by SRD to ensure that the            to the Sanctuary's permit regulations, to
                              Sanctuary's research program is consistent       the SRD's permit guidelines (see Appendi-
                              with the policies and directions of the          ces A and E), and all applicable Federal
                              National Marine Sanctuary Program.               historic preservation legislation.
                              Research selection procedures include
                              preparing an annual Sanctuary Research           In 1987, NOAA completed baseline studies
                              Plan and reviewing applications for              at the site that are essential for determining
                              research submitted by other organizations,       the rate of deterioration of the hull and
                              both private and governmental.                   changes in the Sanctuary environment. In
                                                                               1990 and 1991, NOAA conducted site
                              Since 1977, research at the MONITOR site         inspection studies to document changes in
                              has been directed toward documenting the         the MONITOR and its immediate environ-
                              wreck in detail and understanding how it         ment.


                                                                                      Dra       sed Management Plan 41
                                                                                          ft RevL












                     General research goals for the Sanctuary           review and monitoring of privately-
                     are the continued scientific recovery and          sponsored research activities in order to
                     dissemination of historical and cultural           ensure that the site is protected and pre-
                     information preserved at the site, the             served and that the research results will
                     continued scientific study of the MONI-            make the maximum contribution to the
                     TOR as an artificial reef, and the careful         overall data base.










                                                                                                 ....... . . . . .
                        August 1983                                                           ves
                                                                                                ...........
                                                                      ..... ..........
                                                  .............  ............... .....................................


                 A five-day, NOAA-spon-              Research is         Predictive studies that assess and attempt
                 sored expedition recovers           essential to        to quantify the potential benefits and
                 the MONITOR's unique,               the acquisi-        risks of increasing public access to the
                 four-fluked anchor.                 tion of data        MONITOR for nonresearch activities;
                                                     that contrib-
                                                     ute directly to     Historical data generated through archi-
                                                     the resolution      val records and on-site investigation to
                     of management, interpretation, protection,          enable development of a comprehensive
                     and preservation issues in the MONITOR              depiction of the MONITOR as the vessel
                     Sancruary.The following section outlines            existed on December 31, 1862;
                     research topics and tasks that yield data of
                     the highest priority. Anyone interested in          Archaeological data that contribute to
                     developing alternative proposals are                developing an adequate model of the
                     encouraged to seek technical assistance             nature and disposition of the wreck and
                     from NOAA. At the present time, NOAA                its associated artifacts through applica-
                     will encourage and give highest priority to         tion of systematic principles of underwa-
                     research proposals that contribute to               ter archaeology;
                     responsible-option assessments and yield
                     the following types of information:                 Engineering studies to determine missing
                                                                         design and construction information for
                     ï¿½Trends data generated through predictive           the vessel, methods of deploying equip-
                      studies designed to assess causes and              ment and personnel on deep-water
                      effects of corrosion. environmental                archaeological sites, and development of
                      conditions, and human activities;                  predictive models on the effects of
                                                                         alternative recovery methods for the
                     ï¿½Engineering data that will permit accu-            wreck or its selected features;
                      rate assessment of the potential for
                      stabilizing the MONITOR's hull in situ            -Conservation data to identify preserva-
                      through cathodic protection, mechanical            tion problems with the wreck in situ and
                      support or other means;                            to develop predictive models on the


                     42 Draft Revtsed Management Plan













                                  problems encountered with recovery,               Biological studies of the MONITOR as a
                                  stabilization and display of the wreck            living artificial reef of exact known age.
                                  and its associated artifacts;









                                                                                             .. . .......

                                                                                          .... . .......
                                                                               ....           ..... .
                                                                                                           August 1985
                                :.:.JKe$eaJ

                                In order to promote the development of              maintenance       Controlled magneto-
                                research proposals for the MONITOR                  of current        meter and side-scan so-
                                Sanctuary, the following examples have              meter arrays,     nar surveys are carried
                                been included to suggest a variety of               the collection    out during a NOAA-
                                research topics and needed information.             of water          sponsored expedition.
                                                                                    column
                                  Study topic: On-site engineering and              analysis data
                                  structural data collection. Information           (e.g., salinity, temperature, depth (STD),
                                  needs: Annual resource assessment to              oxygen content, suspended particulate
                                  determine changes occurring on the                matter) and the collation of these data
                                  wreck structure due to natural deteriora-         will assist in determining the conditions
                                  tion and/or human impact. Recovery of             encountered during on-site archaeologi-
                                  small, endangered artifacts that may have         cal research. This study was initiated in
                                  been dislodged from the wreck.                    1990 with the deployment of a thermistor
                                                                                    to record water temperature.
                                  Study topic: Analysis of water conditions
                                  and sea state. Information needs: A               Study topic: Surface and subsurface
                                  survey of the existing weather and                sediment studies. Information needs:
                                  environmental records pertaining to the           Analysis of the character of sediments
                                  Hatteras area and the development of a            will assist in interpreting sediment
                                  comprehensive model of the annual                 deposition and archaeological site
                                  weather conditions will be an invaluable          formation.
                                  aid to on-site research.
                                                                                    Study topic: Continued site definition.
                                  Study topic: Study of currents, visibility,       Information needs: Locate and identify
                                  erosion, depositional patterns, and the           material associated with the wreck but
                                  nature of the water column in the MONI-           existing outside the confines of the hull
                                  TOR Sanctuary. Information needs: An              remains.
                                  environmental definition of the MONI-
                                  TOR site is necessary for two reasons.            Study topic: On-site test excavations.
                                  First, to determine the effect of the             Information needs: Evaluate the nature
                                  environment on the wreck and, second,             and extent of the archaeological record.
                                  to assist in planning and conducting on-          Test excavations both inside and outside
                                  site research. The deployment and                 the confines of the hull could generate


                                                                                         Draft Revised Management Plan 43














                       historical, engineering and environmen-          needs: As weakening of the port armor
                       tal data that would expand knowledge of          belt may cause the stem to collapse,
                       the wreck site and its environment.              options for physically supporting and
                                                                        stabilizing the portion of the stem
                       Study topic: Develop a conservation plan         presently supported by the turret should
                       for conservation, curatorship and display        be considered.
                       of material recovered from the site for
                       each of the following options: (a) contin-       Study topic: Contingency plans for
                       ued limited collection of small artifacts;       collapse of the port armor belt. Informa-
                       (b) partial or selected recovery of por-         tion needs: Because the port armor belt,
                       tions of the wreck. Information needs:           the primany support member for that side
                       Detailed conservation plan, including            of the wreck, is exhibiting signs of stress,
                       necessary procedures, facilities, budget,        a contingency plan for the recovery,
                       etc.                                             conservation, curatorship, and display of
                                                                        the turret and/or other portions of the
                    ï¿½  Study topic: Conduct a photograrnmetric          vessel that are of special interest should
                       analysis of existing stereo photography.         be considered.
                       Information needs: To generate horizon-
                       tal and vertical profiles and produce an         Study topic: Archival research of World
                       accurate photomosaic of the wreck site.          War 11 records relative to depth-charging
                       (This was initiated in FY91.)                    activities in the vicinity of the MONI-
                                                                        TOR. Information needs: Documentation
                    ï¿½  Study topic: Corrosion studies. Informa-         verifying that the remains of the MONI-
                       tion needs: Data generated by electric           TOR were depth-charged during World
                       field gradient measurements, structure-          War II would enhance our understanding
                       to-structure electrolyte potential mea-          of the site and of the extensive damage
                       surements, and other tests to assist in          that has occurred at the stem of the
                       evaluating the potential for in-situ             wreck.
                       preservation.
                                                                        Study topic: Archival research of addi-
                    ï¿½  Study topic: Evaluate purchasing and             tional MONITOR data. Information
                       utilizing a lightweight ROV for ongoing          needs: Papers relating to the
                       management and research activitie.               MONITOR's inventor, John Ericsson,
                       Information needs: A lightweight ROV             have not all been catalogued; other
                       adapted to carry video and photographic          papers in public and private repositories
                       recording systems, able to be deployed           might be identified and added to the
                       from vessels of convenience, would               MONITOR archives.
                       require minimal surface support and
                       operational expense and would enable
                       Sanctuary personnel to more readily
                       carry out ongoing management and
                       research activities.


                   ï¿½ Study topic: Physical in-situ support of
                       the stem of the wreck. Information


                   44 Draft Rewsed Management Plan








                                Program Elements




                                                                                                            March 1987


                                An overall five-year National Sanctuary           Marine Sanc-         The Mariners' Muselan
                                Research Plan will be prepared for the            tuary                in Newport News, Vir-
                                National Marine Sanctuary Program with            Program's            ginia, is designated as
                                detailed annual plans to implement the            Research Plan        theprincipalmusewnfor
                                overall plan. Annual Research Plans for           for the year. A      the MONITOR Collec-
                                individual National Marine Sanctuaries are        research             tion of artifacts, papers
                                incorporated into the National Marine             announcement         and records.
                                Sanctuary Program's research plan.                and request for
                                                                                  detailed
                                The annual research planning process for          research proposals will be prepared. 'Me
                                the Sanctuary will involve the following          announcement and request for proposals
                                steps:                                            will discuss the identified management
                                                                                  concerns, and summarize past and current
                                - Sanctuary management concerns will              related research. Approval and funding of
                                  be identified, with supporting evi-             research proposals are the responsibility of
                                  dence and rationale;                            the SRD headquarters staff.

                                - Research priorities consistent with the         As funds become available, NOAA will
                                  Sanctuary's goals will be established,          conduct research at the MONITOR. The
                                  based upon the identification of                Sanctuary Manager will also work with
                                  management concerns. Research                   independent researchers with private funds
                                  priorities will be recommended by the           who are interested in conducting research
                                  Sanctuary Manager to the SRD                    at the site. Research selection procedures
                                  headquarters staff.                             will be those established by the SRD for
                                                                                  the entire National Marine Sanctuary
                                Important factors to be considered in             Program to ensure that the MONITOR
                                establishing research priorities include          Sanctuary's research program is consistent
                                immediate or evolving management issues           with the policies and directions of the
                                which can be resolved through directed            National Program.
                                research; and prospects of related research
                                in progress.

                                FoUowing SRD headquarters' approval of
                                the Sanctuary's annual Research Plan, the
                                plan will be incorporated into the National


                                                                                          Draft RevLsed Manwjement Plan 45




















                                                                               ..........
                                                         ...                      ..... ......................
                     ...                                 ...                      ...... .. .
                                                        ...                       .. . . . ..... ... . .. .
                                              rmtt**'       Ona.0                 . . ....
                                                                                  ... .... . ....
                                                                                     .. . ....... .. .        ............-
                                     ... .. ..                        ......                                ... ..............


                     As a routine activity, the Sanctuary Man-        Interim progress reports by the researchers
                     ager will monitor the performance of             will be reviewed by the Sanctuary Manager
                     researchers conducting research activities       to ensure adherence to the terms of the
                     at the Sanctuary. The Manager will               research permit. Final research reports
                     maintain records of all current research         may be reviewed by scientists recognized
                     equipment being used on-site, the fre-           in a particular field of research, as well as
                     quency of researchers' visits to the site,       by resource managers, before final ap-
                     and current progress on each project.            proval of the report the Sanctuary Manager
                                                                      and SRD headquarters.






                                                                                         han.
                                                                                                         ... ....................
                     May-June 1987
                 Corrosion studies and a
                 structural survey are
                 among the objectives com-        Sanctuary
                 pleted using a remotely          research funded
                 operated vehicle (ROV)           by other .
                 during a three-week              sources is
                 NOAA-sponsoredexpedi-            encouraged to
                 tion to the sanctuary.           complement
                                                  research
                                                  directly funded
                     by NOAA. To assist in this research
                     exchange effort, NOAA will make Sancru-
                     ary research data bases (derived from past
                     and ongoing research projects) available to
                     other agencies and private institutions.
















                     46 Draft RevLwd Management PLan
















                   . ............


                      ...........
                             Education

                                    WM   . ..... ......
                                     Mail
                                            . .. .....



                                            .........
                                             ......... ..

                                                         . . ........       ...

                                            .............




                                                                        4"
                                                    I










                          'R


                                                                                   A







                    ...............

                             The MONITOR's unique four-fluked anchor was recovered in 1983. It is currently
                             on display at the Mariner's Museum.


                                                                           0
                             F@-ogram Objectives

                             The purpose of the education program is to need to protect this vital historic resource.
                             enhance public awareness and understand-       Specific program objectives and educa-
                             ing of the Sanctuary's significance and the    tional products are described in this section.


                                                         .. .... .. .... .
                                                                               ...........
                                                                                    .......... ... . .....
                                                   wa                               ..........
                                                                                   ....... .
                                                                              . . ....... ..         ism

                             Expanding public awareness involves four       natural and man-made processes affecting
                             primary aims: promoting a general under-       the MONITOR; and enhancing the under-
                                                       1 41@













                             standing of the National Marine Sanctuary      standing of the diversity of marine life
                             Program; bringing the MONITOR to the           inhabiting the MONITOR Sanctuary. A
                             public; enhancing the understanding of the     discussion of each of these aims follows.


                                                                                  Draft ReWsed Management Plan 49













                     Promoting a general understanding of - Participating in programs, special
                     the National Marine Sanctuary                       events, and other forums developed
                     Program.                                            and sponsored by other agencies or
                                                                         organizations by providing presenta-
                     This can be achieved by:                            tions and/or displays on the MONI-
                     ï¿½ Including National Marine Sanctuary               TOR National Marine Sanctuary.
                       Program material in mailings of                 Enhancing the understanding of the
                       MONITOR Sanctuary information                   natural and man-made processes
                       and as pan of public programs and               affecting the MONITOR.
                       presentations on the MONITOR
                       Sanctuary.                                      This can be achieved by:

                     ï¿½ Depicting the MONITOR Sanctuary                   Developing a variety of products
                       as part of a national program in                  geared to the public-including
                       exhibits and displays.                            elementary, middle, and high school
                                                                         students-that promote the under-
                     ï¿½ In cooperation with other sanctuary               standing of the significance and
                       education coordinators, developing                present condition of the MONITOR
                       joint education products focusing on              and the need to preserve it.
                       two or more sanctuaries to emphasize
                       the diversity of resources encom-                 Developing products to reach special-
                       passed by the National Marine Sanctu-             interest groups, including fishermen
                       ary Program.                                      and sport divers, to provide current
                                                                         information on regulations and policy
                     Bringing the MONITOR to the public.                 decisions, and to promote the
                                                                         MONITOR's preservation.
                     This can be achieved by:
                                                                         Developing products geared to the
                     ï¿½ Developing a wide variety of materi-              professional community to solicit
                       als, including brochures, posters,                information about current research on
                       publications, slide and video pro-                other wrecks that may be applicable to
                       grams, and presentations on the value             preserving the MONITOR.
                       of the MONITOR as a National
                       Marine Sanctuary and as a significant           Enhancing the understanding of the
                       historic vessel.                                diversity of marine fife inhabiting the
                                                                       MONITOR Sanctuary.
                     ï¿½ Sponsoring special events and pro-
                       grams designed to present various               This can be achieved by:
                       aspects of the MONITOR National
                       Marine Sanctuary and to encourage               - Incorporating current information on
                       public participation.                             marine life into programs and presen-
                                                                         tations on the MONITOR.




                     So Draft Revised Management Plan













                              - Developing displays and exhibits that
                               promote information and stimulate
                               interest in the MONITOR as an
                               arfificial reef.


                              -Continuing to work with marine
                               biologists to update the list of marine
                               life documented at the site as part of
                               every expedition report or summary.

                              :...Re'search.               A                                           June-July 1990
                                    ..............
                               . ............. .........

                              There are two primary aims to this objec-        graphic              NOAA personnel con-
                              tive:                                            areas.               duct a reconnaissance
                                                                                                    and assessment of the
                              Maintaining the MONITOR Collec-                  This can be          MONITOR.
                              tion currently curated by the                    achieved by:
                              Mariner's Museum in Newport News,
                              Virginia.                                           Developing
                                                                                  plans for
                              This can be achieved by:                            interpreting and displaying artifacts
                                                                                  recovered from the Sanctuary to
                              -Continuing to archive research data as             ensure that the public has access to
                               it is generated, and making it available           them in exhibits.
                               to the public.                                     Developing traveling exhibits and
                              -Continuing to archive papers from                  displays on various aspects of the
                               NOAA, other agencies, and individu-                MONITOR Sanctuary, including the
                               als involved in MONITOR- related                   vessel's history, on-site research,
                               activities as they become available,               current management directions, and
                               and making them available to the                   marine life found on the wreck.
                               public.                                            Providing such material as documents,
                              -Soliciting donations of MONITOR-                   photographs, slides and videotapes to
                               related material from the private                  museums, educational institutions, and
                               sector.                                            public and private organizations
                                                                                  wishing to develop MONITOR-
                              -Producing annual supplements to the                related displays or exhibits.
                               MONITOR Collection catalog.

                              Promoting interpretation and display
                              of MONITOR-related artifacts and
                              research materials in diverse geo-


                                                                                      Draft ReuLsed Management Man 51




















                                                                                                        . .........
                                                                                                  ...........
                                                                                 .............
                                                         po rluhittes-
                             ..... .... . . .-              ..............
                          d
                            upartondo
                                                                        . .... .....                    .......
                                                                                                     .. ... ..................
                                ...... ....                            ...............
                                                         ......         ........                ..... .


                     There are two primary aims to this objec-        of museum studies, maritime history,
                     tive:                                            cultural resource management,
                                                                      underwater archaeology, and science.
                     Promoting the use of MONITOR-
                     related education products in school           - Notifying museums, educational
                     systems and workshops in which large             institutions, and the public of the
                     groups of students participate.                  MONITOR Collection's availability
                                                                      and diversity.
                     This can be achieved by:                       9 Issuing periodic announcements of
                     ï¿½ Working with educators in school               new data acquisitions to the MONI-
                      systems, museums, and institutions of           TOR Collection.
                      higher learning to identify products
                      with diverse appeal that can reach
                      large numbers of students.

                     ï¿½Working with the Mariner's Museum
                      Education Division and other mari-
                      time museums to develop unique and
                      timely applications for MONITOR-
                      related products.

                     ï¿½Working with the Mariner's Museum
                      and other maritime museums to
                      develop workshops that utilize
                      MONITOR-related products in ways
                      that stimulate interest in the MONI-
                      TOR, the National Marine Sanctuary
                      Program, and cultural and natural
                      resources.


                     Encouraging the use of MONITOR-
                     related research data for school
                     papers, theses, dissertations, and
                     special studies projects.

                     This can be achieved by:

                      Developing an ongoing internship
                      program in conjunction with one or
                      more high schools and/or universities.
                      The program will emphasize the fields


                     52 Draft RevLsed Management Plan









                              Education Products






                                                                  .. .... ......
                                                                                                     June &
                                                                                                                  October
                                     e
                                          ta':
                                                                                            ..........
                                                                                  . .... ......
                                                                                                             1991
                              MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary                developed for
                              Brochure. This illustrated color brochure        North Carolina      NOAA personnel con-
                              conforms to SRD standards and includes           museums and         duct a reconnaissance
                              site location, regulations, and general          other facilities.   and assessment of the
                              information about the Sanctuary.                 The exhibit will    MONITOR.
                                                                               consist of
                              Cheesebox. The Cheesebox, an activities          photographs
                              report for the Sanctuary, is produced and        and a video.
                              distributed annually. The newsletter was
                              developed for a general audience and             Comprehensive Bibliography. This
                              contains current information on MONI-            ongoing effort will result in a bibliography
                              TOR-related activities including on-site         with periodic supplements consisting of
                              research, exhibits, management issues, and       primary and secondary sources (e.g., news
                              historical notes. The Cheesebox is printed       articles, papers, and monographs).
                              on recycled paper.
                                                                               List of Available Materials. This will be an
                              Poster. A four-color poster that conforms        annually updated list of publications,
                              to SRD standards will be produced for the        videos and slide programs, brochures,
                              MONITOR Sanctuary.                               posters, and other materials available to the
                                                                               public. It will be distributed in information
                              Narrated Video. Since most of the scien-         packages, as part of presentations and
                              tifically valuable data generated by on-site     programs on the MONITOR, and to
                              research is on videotape, a 20-minute            contacts within school systems for history,
                              narrated video will be developed in-house        science, and related courses of study. The
                              to be used as an adjunct to presentations by     list can be updated more frequently if
                              MONITOR Sanctuary and headquarters               necessary.
                              staff. Supplemental handouts will facilitate
                              teachers' and others' use of the video as an
                              educational tool.


                              Traveling Exhibitfor North Carolina. A
                              traveling exhibit detailing the sinking of
                              the MONITOR, the wreck's discovery in
                              1973, and current on-site research will be


                                                                                       Dra      wd Mcnagernent Plan 53
                                                                                         ft RevL




















                                                                       . .. ..... . ... ... .......

                                                                                                     .. ........
                     sciamculdys
                           .... ....              pectal @@I:.:,esenra
                       ... ..                        .......


                     Curriculum Development. MONITOR                 resource management, underwater archae-
                     Sanctuary staff will work with educators to     ology, and science will be encouraged to
                     develop a curriculum for use in history and     participate.
                     science classes. The curriculum initially
                     will target grades 5-6 and will be ex-          Special Events. Sanctuary staff will
                     panded gradually to develop units for           develop concepts for, and also participate
                     middle and high schools.                        in, special MONITOR-related events.
                                                                     Various groups in the Hampton Roads area
                     Products for Younger Children. A                will celebrate the 130th anniversary of the
                     children's book is planned that discusses       MONITOR-MERRIMACK battle in 1992,
                     the MONITOR's significance, John                and the Sanctuary staff will present pro-
                     Ericsson's importance as an inventor, the       grams and/or develop displays for these
                     MONITOR-MERRIMACK battle, the                   ceremonies. NOAA and the Mariner's
                     sinking, the wreck's discovery, National        Museum will host a ceremony to officially
                     Marine Sanctuary designation, and on-site       open the MONITOR Collection to the
                     research. Illustrated with black-and-white      public in 1992. Of particular interest will
                     sketches or line drawings, the book will be     be the 20th anniversary in 1995 of the
                     reviewed by educators and test-marketed         MONITOR's designation as a National
                     with at least two groups of children before     Marine Sanctuary. A commemorative
                     final production.                               ceremony is planned.

                     Internship Program. A continuing                Public Presentations. Sanctuary staff will
                     internship program will be developed in         present programs, as logistically and
                     conjunction with high schools and/or            financially feasible, on the MONITOR
                     universities. Students interested in mu-        National Marine Sanctuary upon request to
                     seum studies, maritime history, cultural        professional meetings, special-interest
                                                                     groups, public-service organizations,
                                                                     educational institutions, and other events.







                                                                                                             ............
                                                                                                          .. ..............
                       March 1992                               era ive.                       ho@
                                                                                                             . ........
                                                                                                             ....... ....
                                                                                                    . . ........


                 A draft revised manage-          The MONI-          history; 2) recognize geographic areas
                  ment plan is distributed        TOR TraiL          associated with those incidents; and 3)
                 for public comment.              This concept,      distribute information on the MONITOR
                                                  which will be      Sanctuary to a wide-ranging and diverse
                                                  accomplished       audience. Participating museums include
                                                  through            New York's South Seaport Museum, which
                                                  museum             will relate the story of the MONITOR's
                     exhibits, was developed to 1) emphasize         construction in association with an exhibit
                     specific incidents in the MONITOR's             on the development of commerce in the

                     54 Draft RevLsed Mancigement Plan














                              state; the American Swedish Historical            fishermen and distributed in marinas,
                              Museum in Philadelphia, which houses the          restaurants, fish houses, and bait
                              papers of John Ericsson, the ship's de-           shops. The second will be a wayside
                              signer, The Mariners' Museum in Newport           exhibit near the ferry terminal to
                              News, Virginia, which will develop an             provide information on the Sanctuary,
                              exhibit on the battle; and the Graveyard of       including regulations, to tourists and
                              the Atlantic Museum to be constructed in          local residents. The third will be a
                              Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, which will         long-term photographic display placed
                              develop exhibits on the sinking of the            in the community center or library to
                              MONITOR and research at the site.                 provide information on current
                                                                                MONITOR-related activities.
                              Cooperative Projects with the Mariner's
                              Museum. Under the cun*ent Memorandum              Narrated Slide Program. This
                              of Agreement between NOAA and the                 program will be offered to schools and
                              Mariner's Museum, specific cooperative            public-service organizations to
                              education projects and products will be           provide current information on
                              identified and developed by the museum's          management directions, on-site
                              Education Division and the Sanctuary              research, and MONITOR-related
                              Education Coordinator. These include:             activities. The program will be
                                                                                updated periodically to reflect new
                               Interpreter. A professional interpreter          research data and current activities.
                               is present one day a week to interpret
                               life aboard the MONITOR for mu-                  "Touch Screen" Program. The
                               seum visitors. Special interpretive              concept for this sophisticated educa-
                               programs are developed for events as             tion program will be developed over
                               well as for the holidays, including              several years. This product will
                               Christmas.                                       utilize state-of-the-art electronic
                                                                                media to allow people to interact with
                              -Paper ModeL This will be designed                computerized programs as they learn
                               for children at the third-grade level            about the MONITOR Sanctuary.
                               and above. It will be an easy-to-
                               assemble model with supplemental                 MONITOR ModeL This will be a
                               information about the MONITOR                    three-dimensional model, probably
                               Sanctuary. The model will be avail-              constructed of wood, that can be
                               able to school systems and for use in            disassembled and reassembled to
                               workshops to be developed by the                 encourage hands-on activities in
                               Mariner's Museum.                                discussing the vessel's construction
                                                                                and the MONITOR's significance to
                              -Exhibitsfor the Cape Hatteras area.              naval history.
                               Three specific products will be
                               developed in an effort to expand                 Workshops. Cooperative workshops
                               education outreach in the Cape                   will include a simulated dive on the
                               Hatteras area. The first will be                 MONITOR for school children, using
                               laminated copies of the Sanctuary                the video generated by on-site re-
                               regulations, which will be offered to            search. Other workshops will incor-


                                                                                    Draft ReuLsed Management Plan 55













                     porate the three-dimensional and
                     paper models of the MONITOR.

                   Cooperative Projects with Other National
                   Marine Sanctuaries. Products may
                   include posters with a regional focus, such
                   as Atlantic and Great Lakes Region
                   sanctuaries, or a combination of sanctuar-
                   ies selected to illustrate the diversity of
                   resources included in the sanctuary pro-
                   gram. Posters would include information
                   on the sanctuaries and a contact for obtain-
                   ing additional information. Other products
                   with a regional focus could include sum-
                   maries of research with a general rather
                   than technical focus, and a compendium of
                   information including history, significance,
                   access, and regulations.



































                   56 Draft RevLwd Managernent Plan






                                                       Appendices


                                                                                                  W


                                                                                                                           ...... ...
                                                                                                                          .......... .MR
                                                                                                                             . ........




                                                                                                               . ... . . ....
                                                                                                                                                                                          ...... .....                       ..........



                                                                                                                                                                    gg            . .... . ...
                                                                                                                                                                     W




                                                                                                                                        -K


                                                                                                                                       ... ......           .........
                                                                                          IQ            ..... 1.






                                                        Artist's rendering of a diver installing data casings adjacent to the turret. The diver has
                                                        arrived at the wreck in a remotely operated vehicle (far right).
                                   .. ............
                                      ..............




                                                                    Appendix A:                                Final Regulations

                                                                    Appendix B:                                NOAA-Permitted Expeditions

                                                                    Appendix C:                                Cooperative Agreement

                                                                    Appendix D:                                Mariners' Museum: Use of the Collection

                                                                    Appendix E:                                Permit Guidelines: Archaeological Research

                                                                    Appendix F:                                Permit Guidelines: Research & Education





                                                                                                                                                                    Draft RevLsed Manageffwnt Plan 59




















                                                                                              .. ........
                                                                                           .......... ..

                                                                                           ... .... ....
                                                                                           .. .. .......
                                                             du
                                                          Re"'         tons
                       A"        nd:tx            n:a
                                                                                             ............



                       Reprinted ftom the Federal Register
                       Monday, May 19,1975
                       Washington, DC.

                       Volume 40, Number 97
                       Part 1









                              U.S. Department of Commerce

                       National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

                               MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary
                                               Final Regulations














                                                                  Draft RevLsed Managenwd Plan 61












                    21706                                                     RULES AND REGULATIONS

                                                                       of Title III of the Act ("Marine Sanc-             nection with an air or marine casualty"
                                                                       tuaries"); and that It can be carried out          be revised to read:
                                                                       within the regulations promulgated un-             except that, no permit Is required for the
                                                                       der section 302 (f) .                              conduct Of any activity necessary for the
                                                                         The authority of the      Secretary to ad-      protection of life, ProPert or the environ-
                                                                       minister the provisions of the Act has            ment.
                                                                       been delegated to the Administrator,
                                                                       National Oceanic      and Atmospheric Ad-            The suggested change would appear to
                                                                       ministration, U.S. Department of Com-              add an environmental casualty. such as
                                                                       merce (hereafter     the Administrator, 39         oil spill to the air and/or marine casual-
                                                                       FR 10255, March       19, 1974).                   ties already contemplated by the regula-
                                                                         On February 5,      1975, the Administra-        tion.
                                                                       tor published in     the Federal Register            6. That 1924.7, having to do with cer-
                                                                       interim regulations applicable to the              tification procedures, be revised so as to
                                                                       MONITOR Marine Sanctuary (40 FR                    require any Federal agency which, as of
                                                                       5347). and invited comments on these               the effective date of the regulations, has
                                                                       regulations until March 7. 1975. Com-              authorized any prohibited activity in the
                                                                       ments which have been received have                Sanctuary, be required to notify the Ad-
                                                                       suggested six changes In the regulations           ministrator of that fact In writing. The
                                                                       &a follows:                                       change was from "activity," as stated in
                                                                         1. That 1924.2, the description of the           the interim regulations, to "prohibited
                                                                       Sanctuary, be somewhat shortened and               activity." It was stated that the Secre-
                                                                       revised to read:                                   tary's concern should be with any pro-
                                                                                                                          hibited activity, not with an activity not
                                                                         The Sanctuary consists of a vertical water       prohibited.
                                                                       column in the Atlantic Ocean one mile In
                                                                       diameter extending from the surface to the          Except as noted below, and for the rea-
                                                                       seabed, the center of which Is at 35'00 2"3          mat there set out, the Administrator has
                                                                       north latitude and 75'24'32" West longitude.       decided to accept these     suggested
                                                                                                                          changes, and they have been incorpo-
                                                                         2. That 1924.3, which prohibits "bot-            rated Into the final regulations. With re-
                                                                       tom anchoring" in the Sanctuary. be                gard to the suggested changes in 924.4
                                                                       revised to read:                                   (paragraph 4, above). It Is felt that the
                                                                         Anchoring in any manner. stopping, re-           subtitution of "Penalty" for "regula-
                                                                       mauling. or drifting without pawn at any            tions" somewhat misstates the thought
                                                                       time:                                              involved, since the violation In question
                                                                         3. That 1 924.3(1), which prohibits the            Is of the regulations, not of the penalty.
                                                                       "discharging of waste material" Into the          Otherwise, the suggested chances do not
                                                                       waters of the Sanctuary, be revised to            alter the meaning of the Interim lan-
                                                                       read:                                              guage. Therefore, 1  924.4 will be retained
                                                                                                                          In Its present form. With regard to the
                                                                       Discharging waste material Into the Water          suggested Change in 1 924.5 (paragraph)
                                                                       in Violation of any Federal statute of regu-         5, above), it to felt that there must be an
                                                                                                                          immediate and urgent reed for the ac-
                                                                         it was stated that this change was felt       tivity if it Is to be conducted without a
                                                                       to be desirable because of the breadth of           permit. Therefore the words immedi-
                                                                       the original language, and the difficulty         ately and urgently" will be added before
                                                                       of enforcing a prohibition which could be         "necessary." At the same time, it is felt
                                                                       constructed to extend to routine opera-            that a permit should be required for any
                                                                       tional discharges from vessels- such as            activity to be conducted in a sanctuary
                       CHAPTER IX-NATIONAL OCEANIC AND                 bilge, sanitary and galley wastes-which            pertaining to an air or marine casualty
                         ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DE-               discharges would have no adverse impact            already passed, in regard to which there
                         PARTMENT OF COMMERCE                          on the MONITOR.	                                is no need for immediate entry into the
                            PART 924-MONITOR MARINE                       4. That 1 924.4, which lists penalties          sanctuary, such as in relation to salvage
                                    SANCTUARY                          for the commision of prohibited acts               or recovery operations. Therefore 1 924.5
                                                                       within the Sanctuary, be revised to read:          (a)(2) has been appropriately modified.
                                 Final Regulations                        Section 303 of the Act authorizes the as-        Finally, the Administrator felt it desir-
                       On January 30, 1975, the Secretary of            statement of a civil penalty of not more than      able to provide for the extension of the
                      Commerce designated as a marine sanc-             $80,000 against any citizen of the United          various time limits prescribed in 1 924.8
                     tuary an area of the Atlantic Ocean                States for each violation of any regulation        for good cause shown. This has been
                     around and above the submerged wreck-              issued pursuant to Title III of th Act, and        done by the addition of a new paragraph
                     age of the Civil War ironclad MONITOR              further authorizes proceedings in rem against      (e). 
                     persuant to the authority of section 302           any vessel used in violation of the penalty            There having been no other comments,
                     (a) of the Marine Protection. Research             described above. See also 15 CPR 922 (pub-          and the Administrator being of the view
                     and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (86 Stat.              lished at 30 FR 23254,23257, June 27,1974),         that no additional changes in the regula-
                     1052,1061, hereafter the Act). The sanc-           for details applicable to any instance of a         tions are necessary at this time, there are
                     tuary area (hereafter the Sanctuary) is            violation of these regulations.                     published herewith final regulations per-
                     about 16.10 miles south-southeast of                  Essentially this change substitutes "the         taining to the MONITOR Marine Sanc-
                     Cape Hatteras (North Carolina) Light.              penalty described above" for "Any such              tuary to become effective May 19,1975.
                       Section 302(f) of the Act directs the            regulations" at the end of the first sen-           15 CFR Part 924 is revised as followws:
                     Secretary to issue necessary and reason-           tence of the interim regulations: and re-           

                                        RULES AND REGULATIONS                          21707

Sec
924.7  Certification Procedures
924.8  Appeals of Administrative Action
   
  AUTHORITY: Secs. 302(f), 302(g), 303, Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.

924.1  Authority.

  The Sanctuary has been designated by the Secretary of Commerce pursuant to the authority of section 302(a) of the Act. The following regulations are issued pursuant to the authorities of sections 302 (f), 302(g) and 303 of the Act.

924.2  Description of the Sanctuary.
  
  The Sanctuary consists of a vertical water column in the Atlantic Ocean one mile in diameter extending from the surface to the seabed, the center of which is at 35 00'23" north latitude and 75 24' 32" west Longitude.

924.3  Activities prohibited within the Sanctuary.

  Except as may be permitted by the jAdministrator, no person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States shall conduct, nor cause to be conducted, any of the following activites in the Sanctuary:
    (a) anchoring in any manner, stopping, remaining, or drifting without power at any time;
    (b) any type of subsurface salvage or recovery operation;
    (c) any type of diving, whether by an individual or by a submersible;
    (d) lowering below the surface of the water any grappling, suction conveyor, dredging or wrecking device;
    (e) detonation below the surface of the water of any explosive or explosive mechanism;
    (f) seabed drilling or coring:
    (g) lowering, laying, positioning or raising any type of seabed cable or cable-laying device;
    (h) trawling; or
    (i) discharging waste material into the water in violation of any Federal statute or regulation.

924.4  Penalties for commission of prohibited nets.

  Section 303 of the Act authorizes the assessment of a civil penalty of not more than $50,000 for each violation of any regulation issued pursuant to Title III of the Act, and further authorizes a proceeding in rem against any vessel used in violation of any such regulation. Details are set out in Subpart (D) of Part 922 of theis Chapter (39 FR 23254, 23257, June 27, 1974). Subpart (D) is applicable to any instance of a violation of these regulations.

924.5 Permitted activities.

  Any person or entity may conduct in the Sanctuary any activity listed in 924.3 of the Part if: (a) such activity is either (1) for the purpose of research related to the MONITOR, or (2) pertains to salvage or recovery operations in connection with an air or marine casualty; and (b) such person or entity is in possession of a valid permit issued by the Administrator authorizing the conduct of such activity: except that, no permit is required for the conduct of any activity immediately and urgently necessary for the protection of life, property or the environment.
 
924.6  Permit procedures and criteria.

  (a) Any person or entity who wishes to conduct in the Sanctuary an activity for which a permit is authorized by 924.5 (hereafter a permitted activity) may apply in writing to the Administrator for a permit to conduct such activity citing this section as the basis for the application. Such application should be made to the Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. Upon receipt of such application, the Administrator shall request, and such person or entity shall supply to the Administrator, such information and in such form as the Administrator may require to enable him to act upon the application.
  (b) In considering whether to grant a permit for the conduct of a permitted activity for the purpose of research related to the MONITOR, the Secretary shall evaluate such matters as (1) the general professional and financial responsibility of the applicant; (2) the appropriateness of the research method(s) envisioned to the purpose(s) of the research: (3) the extent to which the conduct of any permitted activitiy may diminish the value of the MONITOR as a source of historic, cultural, aesthetic and/or maritime information; (4) the end value of the research envisioned; and (5) such other matters as the Administrator deems appropriate.
  (c) In considering whether to grant a permit for the conduct of a permetted activity in the Sanctuary in relation to an air or marine casualty, the Administrator shall consider such matters as (1) the fitness of the applicant to do the work envisioned; (2) th necessity of conducting such activity; (3) the appropriateness of any activity envisioned to the purpose of the entry into the Sanctuary; (4) the extent to which the ocnduct of any such activity may diminish the value of the MONITOR as a source of historic, cultural, aesthetic and/or maritime information; and (5) such other matters as the Administrator deems appropriate.
  (d) In considering any application submitted pursuant to this Section, the Administrator may seek and consider the views of any person or entity, within or utside of the Federal Government, as he deems appropriate; except that, he shall seek and consider the views of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
  (e) The Administrator may, in his discretion, grant a permit which has been applied for pursuant to this Section, in whole or in part, and subject to such condition(s) as he deems appropriate, except that the Administrator shall attach to any permit granted for research related to the MONITOR the condition that any information and/or artifact(s) obtained in the research shall be made available to the public. The Administrator may observe any activity permitted by this section; and/or may require the submission of one or more reports of the status or progress of such activity.
  (f) A permit granted pursuant to this Section in nontransferable.
  (g) The Administrator may amend, suspend or revoke a permit granted pursuant to this section, in whole or in part, temporarily or indefintely, if, in his view, the permit holder (hereafter the Holder) has acted in violation of the terms of the permit; or the Administrator may do so for other good cause shown. Any such action shall be in writing to the Holder, and shall set forth the reason(s) for the action taken. Any Holder in relation to whom such action has been taken may appeal th action as provided in 924.8 of this Part.

924.7  Certification prcedures.

  Any Federal agency which, as of the effective date of these regulations, already has permitted, licensed or otherwise authorized any prohibited activity in the Sanctuary shall notify the Administrator of this fact in writing. The writing shall include a reasonably detailed description of such activity, the person(s) involved, the beginning and ending dates of such permission, the reason(s) and purpose(s) for same and a description of the total area affected. The Administrator shall then decide whether the continuation of the permitted activity, in whole or in part, or subject to such condition(s) as he may deem appropriate, is consistent with the purposes of TitleIII of the Act and can be carried out within these regulations. He shall inform the Federal agency of his decision in thse regards, and the reason(s) therefore, in writing. The decision of the Secretary made pursuant to this section shall be final action for the purpose of the Administrative Procedure Act.

924.8  Appeals of administrative action

  (a) In any instance in which the Administrator, as regards a permit authorized by,, or issued pursuant to, this part: (1) denies a permit; (2) issues a pemit embodying less authority than was requested; (3) conditions a permit in a manner unacceptable to the applicant; or (4) amends, suspends, or revokes a permit for a reason other than the violation of regulations issued under this Part, the applicant or the permit holder, as the case may be (hereafter the Appellant), may appeal the Administrator's action to the Secretary. In order to be considered by the Secretary, such appeal shall be in writing, shall state the action(s) appealed and the reason(s) therefore; and shall be submitted within 30 days of the actions(s) by the Administrator to which the appeal is directed. The Appellant may request a hearing on the appeal.
  (b) Upon receipt of an appeal authorized by this Section, the Secretary may request, and if he does, the Appellant shall provide, such additional information and in such form as the Secretary

                                   FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 40, NO. 97--MONDAY, MAY 19, 1975   
              














              21706                                      RULES AND REGULATIONS

              may request In order to enable Win to
              act upon the appeal. If the Appellant
              has not requested a hearing, the Secre-
              tary shall decide the appeal upon (1) the
              basis of the criteria set cut in #1 924.0
              (b) or 924.6(e) of this put, as appro-
              priate. (2) Information relative to the
              application an file In NOAA,(3) Infor-
              mation Provided by the Appellant and
              (4) such other considerations as he
              deem appropriate. He shall notify the
              Appellant of his decision, and the rea-
              son(s) therefore, in writing within 30
              days of the date of his receipt of the
              appeal.
                (c) If the Appellant has requested a
              hearing, the Secretary shall grant an in-
              formal hearing before a Hearing Officer
              designated for that purpose by the Secre-
              tary after first giving notice of the time,
              place, and subject matter of the hear-
              ing in the Federal Register. such hear-
              ing shall be held no later than 30 days
              following the Secretarys receipt of the
              appeal. The Appellant and any interested
              person may appear personally or by
              counsel at the hearing, present evidence,
              cross-examine witnesses, offer arguement
              and file a brief. Within 3O days of the
              last day of the hearing. The hearing
              Officer shall recommend in writing a de-
              cision to the Secretary based upon the
              considerations outlined in Paragraph (b)
              of this section and based upon the rec-
              ord made at the hearing.
                (d) The  Secretary may adopt the
              Hearing Officer's recommended decision,
              in whole or in part or may reject or
              modify it. In any event, the secretary
              shall notify the Appellant of his decision.
              and the reason(s) therefore, in writing
              within 15 days of his receipt of the rec-
              mmended decision of the Hearing 0ffi-
              cer. The Secretary's action, whether
              without or after a hearing, as the case
              may be, shall constitute final action for
              the purposes of the Administrative Pro-
              cedure Act.
                 (e) Any time limit promised in this
              Section may be extended by the Secre-
              tary for good cause, either upon the
              Secretary's own motion and upon writ-
              ten notification to an Appellant stating
              the reason(s) therefore, or upon the
              written request of an Appellant to the
              Secretary stating the reason(s) there-
              fore, except that no time limit may be
              extended more than 30 days.
                                

                                      R. L. CARNAHAN,
                           Acting Assistnat Administrator           
                                       for Administration, 
                    (FR Doc.75-13009 Filed 5-16-78;8:45 am) 











                                                   













                                                                                                           :xve
                                                                                       wrre.c.;
                                                                                       ..... ... .
                                                                                 ........... ...
                                                                          .............. X..".

                                                             NOAA-Permitted Expeditions to the
                                                           MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary


                               R/V EASTWARD, June 9-10 and June 16,1976

                               Sponsoring Agencies: National Science Foundation Grant to the Cooperative Oceanographic
                                    Program of Duke University Marine Laboratory.

                               Participants: MONITOR Research and Recovery Foundation, University of Delaware.

                               Purpose: To obtain data concerning the magnetic field and subbottom acoustic reflectors in the
                                    MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary, in conjunction with a geophysical of the Delaware
                                    continental shelf.


                               Description of Work: A total of eight crossings of the wreck were made using a Varian proton
                                    precession magnetometer during the two periods of research. Acoustic reflection measurements
                                    of the wreck site were made utilizing an Edo-western subbottorn profiler with a hull-mounted 3.5
                                    kHz transducer.


                               Conclusions: From the magnetic data collected, researchers were able to isolate certain magnetic
                                    characteristics of the MONITOR and their effect on the regional magnetic field. It was also
                                    concluded thatno fragmentsof ferrousmetal larger than 3m onasideexist furtherthan 100m from
                                    the wreck. The acoustic data indicated the general direction of slope of the subbottom reflectors
                                    in the area, and the MONITOR's relative position to these reflectors.

                               R/V CAPE HENLOPEN, April 4-8,1977

                               Sponsoring Agencies: Exxon Education Foundation, University of Delaware.

                               Participants: MONITOR Research and Recovery Foundation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                                    Administration, University of Delaware.

                               Purpose: To obtain measurements of the near-bottom currents, to take coring samples of the sediments
                                    beneath the wreck, and to conduct horizontal television observations of the wreck.

                               Description of Work: A Braincon current meter was installed just outside the MONITOR National
                                    Marine Sanctuary to measure the near-bottom currents during the period of the expedition. An
                                    18-foot core was taken southeast of the remains of the MONITOR using a standard 6m Ewing-
                                    type piston core. Finally, a television camera was lowered to the site enabling a horizontal view
                                    of the forward section of the wreck.


                               Conclusions: From this work the researchers were able to make a number of observations concerning
                                    the strength and direction of the near-bottom currents in the MONITOR National Marine
                                    Sanctuary, the type and condition of the sediments beneath the wreck and what effect these factors
                                    will have in future work and recovery operations at the site. In addition, the television cameras
                                    provided further information on the structure and condition of the wreck.


                                                                                           Draft ReuLsed Management Ptan 65













                      R/V JOHNSON and R/V SEA DIVER, July 17-August 2,1977

                      Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Harbor Branch Founda-
                          tion.


                      Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Harbor Branch Foundation, North
                          Carolina Division of Archives and History, United States Navy.

                      Purpose: To conduct a photogrammetric survey of the MONITOR and the controlled recovery of
                          material from the MONITOR site.


                      Description of Work: Preliminary work was carried out using side-scan sonar on the wreck and then
                          searching the surrounding area with this sonar one-half mile in all directions to detect any
                          protrusions from the bottom. No such protrusions were found. A remotely operated vehicle,
                          CORD, equipped with a television camera, was sent to the wreck of the MONITOR and closed-
                          circuit television pictures were transmitted to the surface vessels. Visibility was quite good, in
                          excess of 100 feet, and the CORD system allowed complete scanning of the wreck from bottom
                          to stem. The photograrnmetric survey was conducted using two submersibles, JOHNSON-SEA-
                          LINK I and JOHNSON-SEA-LINK 11, and divers who were transported to and from the site in
                          the submersibles. Three passes were made over the wreck for the horizontal and oblique stereo
                          photography. Two of these passes were made with black-and-white film and one with color film.
                          The final operation involved the recovery of an iron hull plate that had been disturbed when a
                          camera system had fouled the wreck during the August 1973 EASTWARD expedition. The
                          location of this plate had been well documented during previous expeditions as well as during the
                          photogrammetric survey of the wreck. The camera system which fouled the plate and was
                          subsequently lost was also recovered at this time. In addition, a brass signal lantern that had been
                          discovered lying on the sea floor 40 feet north of the turret was recovered to prevent its loss or
                          disturbance.


                      Conclusions: The detailed investigation of the closed-circuit television and photogrammetric data
                          coupled with the analysis of the hull plate and brass lantern will greatly add to what is already
                          known concerning the extent and structural integrity of the remains of the MONITOR. From this
                          information it will be possible to more reasonable assess the direction of future work at the site,
                          particularly in planning for any further recovery and preservation of material from the site. This
                          expedition also allowed the first on-site inspection of the wreck by divers and the crews of the
                          submersibles. Their observations have provided insight into the structure and condition of the
                          MONITOR's armor belt, turret, deck, and machinery that was not possible before with the use of
                          remote camera systems.


                      R/V CALYPSO, June 9-14,1979

                      Sponsoring Agencies: Cousteau Society.

                      PaTticipants: Cousteau Society.

                      Purpose: To photograph the MONITOR with movie film to be used as a segment in a one-hour
                          television special on "Historical Wrecks."




                      66 Draft Revtsed Management Plan














                               Description of Work: Divers using standard scuba equipment descended 2 10 feet to the wreck, staying
                                    10 minutes at that depth and then ascending at given rates and decompressing for approximately
                                    45 minutes at 30 feet@ 20 feet, and 10 feet. Two buoys were positioned near the wreck: one buoy
                                    (B 1) 80 meters south of the wreck and another (B2) 100 meters north. Two film crews of four
                                    divers each moved over the wreck, drifting with the prevailing current from buoy to buoy, filming
                                    as they passed. Approximately 12 minutes of film were exposed. However, film quality was
                                    somewhat impaired by poor visibility and low light level.

                               Conclusions: The methods used by the Cousteau Society were novel in several respects: use of scuba
                                    equipment with air as a breathing medium, deployment of eight divers at one time, in-water
                                    decompression of divers and use of satellite navigation system and radar for positioning. These
                                    procedures could have been accomplished only by a team with as much experience as Cousteau's
                                    divers. Photographic coverage of the wreck provided additional information on the condition of
                                    the wreck as well as environmental conditions at the site.


                               R/V JOHNSON, August 1-26,1979

                               Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, North Carolina Division
                                    of Archives and History, Harbor Branch Foundation.

                               Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, North Carolina Division of Ar-
                                    chives and History, Harbor Branch Foundation.

                               Purpose: To establish reference points adjacent to the wreck, test the structural components of the
                                    MONITOR, conduct a test excavation in the forward portion of the wreck within the huff, and
                                    undertake a general reconnaissance of the site by diver observations and hand-held photography.

                               Description of Work: Three underwater archaeologists, supported by a team of 20 technicians, divers,
                                    and crew members, conducted 49 dives, during 36 of which the divers left the submersible,
                                    JOHNSON-SEA-LINK I for a working dive. Breathing a gas mixture of 12 percent oxygen and
                                    88 percent helium, the divers spent, per dive, approximately 60 minutes on the bottom and about
                                    4 1/2 hours in decompression upon return to the support vessel R/V JOHNSON. From the
                                    excavations, the divers recovered 106 objects of historic and scientific significance representing
                                    a broad range of materials including brass, iron, leather, glass, and ceramics. The artifacts have
                                    undergone conservation analysis and will be part of future exhibits on the MONITOR.

                               Conclusions: Data generated by the research project afforded valuable insight into the archaeological
                                    and engineering problems presented by this and other deep-water archaeological sites. This
                                    information has significantly broadened the knowledge upon which sanctuary management
                                    decisions will be made.


                               R/V JOHNSON, August 1983

                               Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

                               Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, East Carolina University, Harbor
                                    Branch Foundation.




                                                                                          Draft RevLsed Management Plan 67














                     Purpose: To establish reference points adjacent to the wreck, test the structural components of the
                          MONITOR, adjacent to the turret, undertake a general reconnaissance of the site by diver
                          observations and hand-held photography, and locate and recover the MONITOR's anchor.

                     Description of Work: Three underwater archaeologists, supported by a team of 20 technicians, divers,
                          and crew members, were prepared to carry out the scientific objectives for the expedition.
                          However, poor surface and/or bottom conditions precluded working at the wreck. The unique
                          four-fluked anchor, which was located 495 feet south-southwest of the bow of the MONITOR
                          on a bearing of 225 degrees, was located, excavated, and recovered. It underwent conservation
                          for nearly three years before being made available for display.

                     Conclusions: The anchor was in remarkably good condition. The treatment and length of time
                          necessary to conserve it provided valuable insight into the problems of conserving large iron
                          artifacts from the marine environment.


                     OSV ANDERSON, August 2-11,1985

                     Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

                     Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Trust for Historic Preser-
                          vation, Eastport International.

                     Purpose: To install a permanent acoustic navigation system to gather data on the bathymetry,
                          subbottom profile, and magnetic characteristics of the sanctuary, and to undertake side-scan sonar
                          imaging of the MONITOR.

                     Description of Work: All scientific objectives were completed. At the conclusion of on-site
                          operations, two recording current meters were lefton the bottom tocollect long-term environmen-
                          tal data on currents, temperatures, and salinities in the water surrounding the wreck. One was also
                          equipped to measure optical transmissivity in preparation for future photographic efforts.

                     Conclusions: The data generated by the 1985 expedition, in conjunction with the environmental data
                          being collected at the site, will serve as a basis for future on-site research.


                     USNS APACHE (TATF), May 25 - June 9,1987

                     Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

                     Panicipants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Navy, Eastport International.

                     Purpose: To conduct corrosion studies and visual and photographic surveys of the wreck and the
                          adjacent area; a structural survey of the wreck, a three-dimensional acoustic survey of the wreck
                          and adjacent area; and to determine the extent of the site and establish site boundaries.

                     Description of Work: Using the USNS APACHE as the work platform and the remotely operated
                          vehicle DEEP DRONE as the delivery system, the scientific objectives were carried outaccording
                          to a comprehensive operations plan prepared prior to the expedition. The corrosion studies,
                          structural and intensive surface surveys, and three-dimensional sonar survey were all carried out


                     68 Draft RevLsecl Management Plan














                                     along predetermined track lines controlled by a sophisticated navigation system developed for
                                     deep ocean search.

                                Conclusions: This expedition generated much new data about corrosion activities at the site as well
                                     as an extensive record of the site through controlled photography. The data will be used by NOAA
                                     to assist in assessing future management options.


                                R/V SEWARD JOHNSON, June 1-2,1990

                                Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

                                Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Harbor Branch Foundation.

                                Purpose: To assess and document the wreck through observation and conirolled photography, to place
                                     the first of four permanent markers at the site, and to initiate an annual site reconnaissance.

                                Description of Work: Using the four-man submersible JOHNSON-SEA-LINK I as the delivery
                                     system, the scientific team was able to observe the wreck first-hand and to document the wreck
                                     through controlled still and video photography. The submersible was "flown" along predeter-
                                     mined track lines to permit scientific observations of the wreck and to provide sufficient
                                     photographic coverage and overlap for later study and analysis.

                                Conclusions: A number of changes in the wreck were observed and documented, particularly in the
                                     area aft of the midships bulkhead. Good visibility at the site-in excess of 175 feet--provided
                                     excellent opportunities for first-hand assessment by the scientific team and resulted in good
                                     photographic documentation of the wreck. Data from this reconnaissance was used to refine
                                     objectives for the reconnaissance scheduled for July 1990.

                                NVV QUIET WATERS, June 30 - July 11, 1990

                                Sponsoring Agencies: Private funding.

                                Participants: Individual scuba divers under the direction of Mr. Gary Gentile.

                                Purpose: To obtain photographs and a video of the wreck.

                                Description of Work: Still and video documentation of the wreck was accomplished. A side-scan
                                     sonar survey was done prior to the diving phase of the expedition.

                                Conclusions: Air diving to the wreck is a viable method for visual recording of certain aspects of the
                                     wreck.


                                MN SEA FOX, June 5-13,18-22,1990

                                Sponsoring Agencies: Private funding.

                                Participants: Individual scuba divers under the direction of Mr. Roderick A. Farb.



                                                                                           Draft RevLsed Management Plan 69













                       Purpose: To obtain photographs and a video of the wreck.

                       Description of the Work: Cinematography, still photography, and videography of the wreck.

                       Conclusions: The expedition made high-quality images of the site using hand-held cameras.

                       R/V EDWIN LINK, July 25-27,1990

                       Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

                       Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Harbor Branch Foundation.

                       Purpose: To assess and document the wreck through observation and controlled photography, to place
                            the remaining three markers at the site, to assess the impact of several diving expeditions to the
                            site during June and July 1990, to place the remaining three monuments; and to recover a glass
                            lamp globe or "chimney" located during the June 1990 reconnaissance.

                       Description of Work: Using the four-man submersible JOHNSON-SEA-LINK 11 as the delivery
                            system, the scientific team continued observing and documenting the wreck through controlled
                            still and video photography. Areas observed to have undergone changes since the 1987expedition
                            were documented with particular thoroughness. As with the June 1-2, 1990 reconnaissance, the
                            submersible was "flown" along predetermined track lines to permit scientific observations of the
                            wreck and to provide sufficient photographic coverage and overlap for later study and analysis.
                            Unfortunately poor visibility at the site precluded all observations or photography of the wreck
                            for much of the f irst two days of the reconnaissance. However, a complete reconnaissance was
                            made on the third day and the glass globe was recovered. The remaining three monuments were
                            placed atpredetermined points off the bow and stem of the wreck. A recording thermograph was
                            placed on one of the monuments to record water temperature over the next year.

                       Conclusions: Further study of areas noted during June 1990 to have undergone changes since the
                            1987 expedition confirmed that the area of the wreck aft of the midships bulkhead has suffered
                            significant damage. Findings of the June and July 1990 reconnaissance expeditions serve to
                            emphasize the need for an annual site assessment by scientists.


                       R/V EDWIN LINK, June 20,1991

                       Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

                       Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Harbor Branch Foundation.

                       Purpose: To perform an emergency inspection of suspected site damage due to unauthorized
                            anchoring.

                       Description of the Work: Using the four-man submersible JOHNSON-SEA-LINK I as the delivery
                            system, the scientific team carried out a visual inspection of the wreck and documented the wreck
                            through controlled still and video photography. A recording thermograph, placed at the site
                            during the July 1990 reconnaissance, was recovered.



                       70 Draft Revised Management Plan















                               Conclusions: Signs of recent impact to the face of the turret and the stem were documented, along
                                    with changes in the positions of the skeg and propeller.

                               NVV SEA FOX, August 31 - September 7,1991

                               Sponsoring Agencies: Private funding.

                               Participants: Individual scuba divers under the direction of Mr. Roderick A. Farb.

                               Purpose: To obtain photographs and a video of the stem and engineering spaces to be used in
                                    computer-aided mapping and measurement of the wreck.

                               Description of the Work: Limited photography and videography of the wreck.

                               Conclusions: Current and visibility limited the effectiveness of the free-swimming scuba divers.
                                    Limited results were obtained.


                               R/V EDWIN LINK, October 4-5,1991

                               Sponsoring Agencies: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

                               Participants: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flarbor Branch Foundation.

                               Purpose: To assess and document the wreck through observation and controlled photography.

                               Description of Work: Using the four-man submersible JOHNSON-SEA-LINK I as the delivery
                                    system, the scientific team continued observing and documenting the wreck through controlled
                                    still and video photography. Areas observed to have undergone changes since the 1991 expedition
                                    were documented. As with previous reconnaissances, the submersible was "flown" along
                                    predetermined tracklines to permit scientific observations and toprovide sufficient photographic
                                    coverage and overlap for later study and analysis. A recording thermograph was placed on one
                                    of the monuments to record water temperature for one year. Acoustic triangulation of the
                                    monument positions using a short-range pinger system was carried out.

                               Conclusions: Changes at the stem had occurred since the June 1991 reconnaissance. Most obvious
                                    was a separation in the lower hull just forward of where the skeg and propeller shaft entered the
                                    structure.


















                                                                                           Draft ReWwd Management Plan 71








                                                                             W&Ad']                        nt"-,-,::N
                                        a L-               doperat''-                                                     ......
                       -'...'Abben               Q C


                                                    Cooperative Agreement between the
                                           National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                       I.PURPOSE                         and the Mariners' Museum

                       This Cooperative Agreement (hereinafter Agreement) between the Marine and Estuarine Manage-
                       ment Division [now called the Sanctuaries and Reserves Division), Office of Ocean and Coastal
                       Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (hereinafter NOAA) and
                       the Mariners'Museum of Newport News, Virginia (hereinafter Museum) establishes and sets forth the
                       terms and conditions between NOAA and the Museum for management of the MONITOR National
                       Collection of Artifacts and Papers (hereinafter National Collection). This Agreement is@required under
                       a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) signed on July 13,1987 between NOAA and the Museum and
                       incorporated herein as Attachment A.

                       11. REFERENCES AND AUTHORITY


                       The MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary was designated by the Secretary of Commerce on January
                       30, 1975, pursuant to Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 16
                       U.S.C. 1431 et. seq. NOAA is responsible for administering the National Marine Sanctuary Program
                       and the MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary.

                       The Mariners' Museum was designated as Principal Museum for the National Collection by NOAA
                       in accordance with the request forproposals published in the Federal Register onrbursday, September
                       4, 1986, and incorporated herein as Attachment B.

                       M. RESPONSIBILITIES


                       1. NOAA


                       In accordance with the MOA, NOAA will provide support for the services of the Mariners' Museum
                       subject to annual appropriations, Federal law and NOAA's approval. NOAA shall:

                       a. Deliver to the Museum all MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary artifacts, papers,
                          and records;


                       b. Provide $50,000, distributed by subagreements, to support base services and initiate any
                          special projects agreed to by both parties during the first year of this Agreement;

                       c. Designate a field manager for the MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary who will assist
                          the Museum in implementing this Agreement and related subagreements.

                       2. MARINERSWUSEUM


                       In accordance with the MOA, the Museum will manage the MONITOR Collection including curation,
                       conservation, interpretation and loaning of the collection. The Museum shall:



                       72 Draft Revised Management Plan














                               a. Maintain archives, a research library, and a conservation facility;

                               b. Develop a permanent and traveling exhibit, and assist other participating museums in the
                                  development of exhibits and interpretive displays;

                               c. Manage the loan of portions of the National Collection to other qualified repositories for research,
                                  interpretation or educational purposes;

                               d. Maintain the National Collection under environmentally and physically secure conditions within
                                  storage, exhibition, laboratory and study areas;

                               e. Inspect the National Collection on a regular basis and make recommendations as to necessary
                                  maintenance conservation measures;


                               f. Adequately insure the National Collection from theft or other loss;

                               g. Catalog all known MONITOR-related materials in both private and public collections;

                               h. Assist and advise NOAA regarding the future planning of the MONITOR National Marine
                                  Sanctuary, the development of the National Collection, and the implementation [of a] master plan
                                  for the sanctuary;

                               i. Comply with relevant Federal regulations regarding the curation of Federally owned archaeologi-
                                  cal collections;

                               j. Provide other services relating to the MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary as agreed to by both
                                  parties to this Agreement. The scope of these other services shall be defined in subagreements.

                               IV. PERIOD


                               This Agreement shall remain in effect for a period of ten years from the latter date of execution, unless
                               extended or terminated prior to its expiration. Either the Mariners' Museum or NOAA may terminate
                               this Agreement at any time during the term or any extension of the term by providing written notice
                               to the other party. Tennination takes effect six months after transmittal or written notice.

                               V. SUBAGREEMENTS


                               Methods of payments, task descriptions and objectives, statements of party responsibilities, budget,
                               and schedules forcooperative projects will be specified in supplemental sub-agreements tobeattached
                               to and made a part of this Agreement and to be executed by the Key Officials.

                               VI. KEY OFFICIALS


                               Museum: Mr. William D. Wilkinson, Executive Director, Mariners' Museum, or successor.

                               NOAA: Mr. Donald E. Critchfield, Acting Director, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
                               Management, National Ocean Service, NOAA, or successor.




                                                                                            Draft RevLsed Management Plan 73














                      Specific project proposals and their financial budgets approved by the Key Officials and made part of
                      this Agreement by signed subagreements are considered to be binding contracts. Changes in
                      objectives, budgets, scopes of work, and principal personnel must have prior written approval of both
                      Key Officials. Prior to executing a subagreement under this Agreement, the Key Officials shall secure
                      all necessary prior approvals required by NOAA and the Museum.

                      VH. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

                      This Agreement incorporates by reference the OMB Circulars Nos. A-21, A-34, A-40, A-73, A-87,
                      A-88, A- 105, A- I 10, and A- 122. ne Mariners'Museum and NOAA agree to comply with provisions
                      therein.


                      VIII. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS


                      nis Agreement constitutes the full, complete, and entire agreement between the parties hereto. No
                      modification or amendment shall be binding on either party, except as provided for in parts IV and V
                                                                         ication or amendment shall be in writing, executed
                      with respect to sub-agTeements, unless such modif
                      in duplicate by both parties hereto, attached to this Agreement, and incorporated in, and by reference
                      made a part of this Agreement.

                      IN WITNESS HEREOF, the Mariners'Museum and NOAA have executed this Agreement on the
                      dates written herein.





                      THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND
                      ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION



                               (signed)
                      By:                                                 September 10, 1989
                      Donald E. Critchfield
                      Acting Director, Office of Ocean and                Date
                      Coastal Resource Management




                      MARINERS'MUSEUM



                               (signed)
                      By:                                                 October 4, 1989
                      William D. Wilkinson
                      Executive Director,                                 Date
                      Mariners' Museum







                      74 Draft Ret;Lsed Management Plan



















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                                                                                                 Plep-
                                                     Xx.  D                                             UM
                                     Dvey
                                               1W
                                                                                                 ... ........
                                                                                             ...... ....
                                                                                           .. .......
                                                                                        ..... . ... .... ..........
                                                                            tz


                                              The Mariners' Museum Research Library Monitor Collection

                                The MONITOR Collection contains original papers from government agencies and private individu-
                                als involved in MONITOR research and administration from the late 1960s to the presentand research
                                data, including video, slides, and photographs of the wreck from 1973 to the present. Miscellaneous
                                records relative to searches for the vessel were carried out in the 1960s. The Collection contains copies
                                of historical correspondence, documents and plans of the MONITOR, the originals of which are
                                housed in other repositories, including the National Archives. It also contains copies of historical
                                documents from private collections. Identification and acquisition of additional material for the
                                Collection is ongoing.

                                The MONITOR Collection is a Federal collection under the ultimate jurisdiction of the National
                                Archives. The Mariners' Museum, in its capacity as Principal Museum for the MONITOR National
                                Marine Sanctuary, has been designated as a regional repository for curatorship of this important
                                collection.


                                SCHEDULE FOR USE OF THE COLLECTION


                                The Collection is open to the public Monday through Friday from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM. It is closed
                                Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Use of the MONITOR Collection will be by prearranged
                                appointment with the Education Coordinator for the MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary who can
                                be contacted as follows:


                                                   Dina B. Hill, Education Coordinator
                                                   MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary
                                                   Box 147
                                                   Rescue, VA 23424
                                                   (804-599-3122)

                                RESEARCHERS ARE ASKED TO OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING
                                REGULATIONS:


                                All brief cases and packages must be left at the front desk.

                                Register. Please print your name and full address. This must be done each day.

                                The areas in which the MONITOR Collection is housed are closed to the public. A staff member will
                                retrieve material for researchers.


                                Materials in the Collection do not circulate.


                                Limited copying is available and will be done by a staff member. Each item requested is considered
                                                                                                        mi=















































                                individually. Books and bound manuscript volumes may be copied, depending upon the condition of
                                binding and pages. Depending on the number of pages to be copied, exceptions will be considered.
                                We reserve the right to limit the number of pages copied. In order to prolong the life of materials in


                                                                                             Dra        sed Management Plan 75
                                                                                                 ft ReuL














                         the Collection, fragile and brittle materials will not be copied, and oversized materials that do not fit
                         comfortably on the copier will not be copied.

                         Unauthorized photographing and tracing of plans are not permitted. Copies of plans and prints may
                         be ordered.


                         Please note: With the exception of the paper files, original material will not be made available for
                         research. All research, including analysis of data and assessment of the wreck, will be carried outfrom
                         first-generation copies. This includes photographs and slides as well as data recorded on video and
                         magnetic media. All copies made at the request of researchers will be produced from these first-
                         generation copies. No exceptions will be made.












































                         76 Draft ReuLsed Management Plan



















                                                                                                                ...                .......
                                                                              .. ........... ....
                                                                                  .... ...    ...

                                                                                                               ....               .. ....
                                         haeb
                                                                                . ... . .......


                                       Guidelines for Submitting Applications for National Marine Sanctuary
                                                              Archaeological Research Permits

                               A.BACKGROUND


                               National Marine Sanctuaries are recognized as resource areas of national significance due to their
                               conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, research, educational, or esthetic qualities. The
                               Sanctuaries and Reserves Division (SRD), formerly Marine and Estuarine Management Division, of
                               the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) administers the National Marine
                               Sanctuary Program (Program).

                               The Assistant Administrator for Ocean Services and Coastal Zone Management, or his/her designee,
                               may issue permits to a person subject to appropriate terms and conditions, for activities otherwise
                               prohibited by Sanctuary regulations related to: (1) research to enhance scientific understanding of the
                               Sanctuary environment and resources or to improve management decisionmaking; (2) education to
                               further public awareness, understanding, and wise use of the Sanctuary environment and resources;
                               or (3) modem salvage or recovery operations.

                               The guidelines presented herein describe theProgram permittingprocess forconductingarchwological
                               research on historical and cultural resources in National Marine Sanctuaries. These guidelines are in
                               accord with Tide III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, as amended, 16
                               U.S.C. S 1431 et seq (Act), and consistent with the Uniform Regulations for the Protection of
                               Archmological Resources, 43 C.F.R. Part 7, which establish basic govemment-wide standards for the
                               issuance of permits for archmological research, including the authorized excavation and/or removal
                               of archmological resources, on public lands or Indian lands. Although National Marine Sanctuaries
                               are not public lands or Indian lands, the concerns underlying the Uniform Regulations are shared by
                               the Program.

                               Permits to conduct archmological research involving site disturbance will only be issued after full
                               compliance with SRD/NOAA's responsibilities as a Federal agency under the Federal archmological
                               program as stipulated under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, 16. U.S.C. s 470 et
                               seq (NHPA), and the National Environmental Policy Act@ as amended, 42 U.S.C. S 4321 et seq
                               (NEPA). Should the proposed archmological research involve site disturbance the applicant(s) must
                               consult prior to the submission of an application for a permit for archmological research:

                               ï¿½  the Advisory Council for Historic Preservation for procedures and requirements
                                  regarding the Section 106 Review Process under NHPA for sites included in or
                                  eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.

                               ï¿½  NEPA


                               0  the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelinesfor Archaology and Historic
                                  Preservation, 48 Fed. Reg. 44716, to become familiar with recommended preserva-
                                  tion procedures and NOAA's responsibilities as a Federal agency under the Federal
                                  archaological program. (See Attachment I for applicable references and addresses.)


                                                                                          Draft Revised Mw=9ement Plan 77















                        B. APPLICATION CONTENTS


                        1. Cover Sheet: The cover sheet must identify: (1) name of the National Marine Sanctuary in which
                        the proposed activity would take place; (2) title of project: (3) name, address, telephone number, and
                        affiliation of applicant; (4) name, address, affiliation, and relationship of colleagues to be covered by
                        the permit; (5) project duration; (6) funding source; (7) key words; and (8) signature of applicant.

                        2. Project Summary: a 250-word (maximum) summary must include a brief statement of research
                        objectives, scientific methods to be used, and significance of the proposed work to a particular
                        Sanctuary or to the Program. The summary must be suitable for use in the public press.

                        3. Technical Information: This includes clear, concise, and complete statements of the following:

                        a. Objectives. State the objecti ves of the study.

                        b. Project Significance. Discuss significant previous work in the area of interest and
                           how the proposed effort would enhance or contribute to improving the state of
                           knowledge. Explain why the proposed effort should be performed in the Sanctuary
                           and its potential benefits to the Sanctuary.

                        c. Methods. Describe the tasks required to accomplish the project's objectives. Provide
                           adequate description of field and laboratory methods and procedures and time of
                           performance. Describe the rationale for selecting the proposed methods over any
                           alternative methods.


                           If site disturbance is proposed, indicate the type, quantity, and method of recovery,
                           and identify the proposed repository to conserve, curate, and interpret the resulting
                           archaeological collection. The applicant must submit sufficient documentation
                           demonstrating that required technical resources, including existing facilities and
                           funding commitment, will be made available to the project.

                           For archaeological research including survey and excavation, the application must
                           include a research design that describes (1) the archaeological theory and methods to
                           be employed: (2) the problems toward which the research will be directed; and (3) the
                           ways in which researchers are seeking to answer them.

                           Provide a map showing study location(s) and a description of the archaeological sites
                           of particular concern. Indicate where the laboratory analyses and conservation will be
                           conducted, if applicable, and submit adequate documentation to demonstrate suffi-
                           cient technical and fiscal resources.


                        d. Environmental Consequences. Discuss the environmental consequence of conduct-
                           ing an otherwise prohibited activity and indicate whether the activity could be
                           conducted outside the Sanctuary and accomplish the project's objectives.

                           For archaeological research involving site disturbance submit the information neces-
                           sary to prepare the appropriate environmental impact document for the proposed
                           activity in accordance with NEPA (See Attachment I).



                        78 Draft RevLsed Management Plan















                             e. Compliance with Federal Archwological Program. It is the responsibility of the
                                applicant to submit suitable documentation to cooperate with SRD/NOAA so that it
                                may meet its responsibilities as a Federal agency under Sections 106 and 110 of
                                NBPA, NEPA, and applicable Federal regulations of the Federal archxological
                                program.

                             f. Treatment of Results. Describe the nature and extent of anticipated results. Indicate
                                how the results will be treated (e.g., published in a reference journal, incorporated into
                                academic curriculum, used in management decisionmaking, published in the public
                                press, etc.)

                             g. Personnel. For the conduct of archmological research, including survey and excava-
                                tion, identify the principal investigator as well as the research team and the specific
                                task assignments of team members. Provide qualifications and evidence of the ability
                                of each team member to perform the assigned tasks, consistent with or equivalent to
                                the minimum standards of the Uniform Regulations for the Protection of
                                Archmological Resources, 43 C.F.R. Part 7, and the Secretary of Interior's Standards
                                and Guidelinesfor Archaology and Historic Preservation. Only those persons listed
                                on the permit will be allowed to participate in permitted activities.

                                For the conduct of archmological research involving site disturbance, as much
                                emphasis will be placed on the qualifications, related professional experience, and
                                proposed technical approach of the proposed marine conservator and the facilities of
                                the proposed repository in which any resultant archmological collection will be
                                deposited as on the qualifications, related professional experience, and research design
                                of the archmologist proposed as the principal investigator researcher.

                                Each applicant must also provide the name and address of the proposed conservation
                                facility with suitable documentation and evidence of the ability to perform the
                                required tasks certified by an authorized official of the proposed repository respon-
                                sible to ensure that the Federally owned or administered archmological collection is
                                accessioned, catalogued, maintained, preserved, and stored in accordance with
                                professional standards for collection management and Federal statutes on collections
                                (36 C.F.R. 79).

                             4. Supporting Information

                             a. Financial Support. Provide contract number, performance period, and name of
                                sponsoring agency, if any.

                                If none, provide sufficient data to substantiate the fiscal capability to complete the
                                proposed research. If site disturbance is proposed, financial data must address the
                                resources necessary for the conservation. curadon, and interpretation of the resulting
                                archmological collection.

                             b. Coordination with Research in Progress or Proposed. SRD encourages coordination
                                and cost-sharing with other investigators to enhance scientific capabilities and avoid
                                unnecessary duplication of effort. Applicants should include a description of these
                                efforts, where applicable.


                                                                                      Draft Revised Management Plan 79














                         5. References. Cite only those used in the text of the proposal.

                         C. REQUESTS FOR SANCTUARY SUPPORT SERVICES

                         SRD has limited on-site Sanctuary personnel, facilities and equipment that may be used on loan or
                         lease to support research under special circumstances. Requests for support must accompany the
                         permit application and include the following information: (1) type of support requested; (2)
                         justification; (3) dates and length of use; and (4) alternative plans if support is not available.

                         D. REQUESTS FOR AMENDMENTS OR EXTENSIONS TO ACTIVE PERMITS

                         1. Requests for amendments to active permits (e.g., change in study design or other form of
                         amendment) should conform to these guidelines. All information needed to make an objective
                         evaluation of the amendment should be included in the request. Reference to the original application
                         should also be included.


                         2. Persons desiring to continue research activities in the Sanctuary must reapply for an extension of
                         their current permit before it expires. Reference to the original application may be given in lieu of a
                         new application, provided the scope of work does not change significantly.

                         E. SUBMISSION OF REQUESTS FOR PERMITS

                         Requests for permits should be submitted in five (5) copies at least ninety (90) days in advance of the
                         requested effective date to allow sufficient time for evaluation and processing. In proven emergency
                         situations, exceptions to this requirement may be considered.

                         Requests for permits should be addressed to:

                                           Chief
                                           Sanctuaries and Reserves Division
                                           Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources Management
                                           1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 714
                                           Washington, D.C. 20235

                         F. EVALUATION OF PERMIT REQUESTS

                         Permit applications for archwological research are reviewed for completeness, compliance with
                         Program policies and adherence to these guidelines. Incomplete applications are returned to the
                         applicant for clarification. Complete applications are assigned tracking numbers, and reviewed by
                         inter-office program officials, on-site Sanctuary personnel, and, where necessary, outside experts.
                         Applications are judged on the basis of-

                                  1. relevance or importance to Sanctuary,

                                  2. archmological merit;

                                  3. appropriateness and environmental consequences of technical approach;




                         80 Draft Revised Management Plan















                                 4. whether the proposed effort should be conducted outside the Sanctuary; and

                                 5. qualifications of the applicants.

                                 When the archmological research involves site disturbance, a site inspection of the proposed repository
                                 may be necessary to determine adequately its technical capability. In the event that a site inspection
                                 of the proposed repository is determined necessary by SRD/NOAA, the "American Association of
                                 Museums On-Site Evaluation Checklist", in Professional Standardsfor Museum Accreditation (see
                                 Attachment 1), will be used as the uniform standard for evaluation.

                                 If the proposed archa!ological research involves diving orthe use of submersibles and if such activities
                                 require a permit under the applicable Sanctuary regulations, the application may be reviewed by the
                                 NOAA Diving Coordinator in accordance with the NOAA Diving Regulation, NOAA Directive 64-
                                 23, Nov. 30, 1983, prior to the issuance of a permit.

                                 G. CONDITONS OF PERMITS


                                 Based on the findings of the evaluation, SRD recommends an appropriate action to the Assistance
                                 Administrator or his/her designee. If approved, the Assistant Administrator or his/her designee wffI
                                 issue the permit. If denied, applicants are notified of the reason for denial.

                                 Permitholders must counter-sign the permit and return copies to SRD and on-site Sanctuary personnel
                                 prior to conducting permitted activities in the Sanctuary. A NOAA-SRD research flag must be
                                 displayed by the permit holder while conducting the permitted activity. This requirement not only
                                 ensures that Sanctuary personnel are aware of permitted activities, butalsoalerts otherSanctuary users
                                 that research is in progress.

                                 Permits must be carried aboard research vessels and made available upon request for inspection by
                                 Sanctuary personnel or law enforcement officials.

                                 Only persons named in the permit may participate in permitted activities. Permits and research flags
                                 are non-transferrable. Permit holders must abide by all provisions set forth in the permit as well as
                                 applicable Sanctuary regulations. Applications for Sanctuary permits are incorporated into the
                                 conditions of the permit. Permitted activities must be conducted with adequate safeguards for the
                                 environment. Insofar as possible, the environment must be returned to the condition which existed
                                 before the activity occurred.

                                 Upon completion of permitted activities, the permit holder is required to submit to SRD a full project
                                 report summarizing the results of permitted research. A cruise log, listing days spent in the Sanctuary,
                                 activities pursued and approximate positions should be included. Project reports are used in Sanctuary
                                 interpretive programs and visitor use assessments.

                                 The Assistant Administrator or his/her designee may amend, suspend, or revoke a permit granted
                                 pursuant to these guidelinesand Sanctuary regulations, in wholeorin part, temporarily orindefinitely.
                                 if in his/her view the permit holder(s) has acted in violation of the terms of the permit or of applicable
                                 Sanctuary regulations, or for other good cause shown. Any such action will be communicated in
                                 writing to the permit holder and will set forth the reason for the action taken. The permit holder may
                                 appeal the action as provided in the applicable Sanctuary regulations.



                                                                                              Draft Ret;Lsed Management Plan 81
















                        H. MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE


                        Permitted activities will be monitored to ensure compliance with the conditions of the permit. SRD
                        on-site Sanctuary personnel, orother designated authorities, may periodically assess work in progress
                        by visiting the study location and observing any activity allowed by the permit or by reviewing any
                        required reports. The discovery of any potential irregularities in performance under the permit will
                        be promptly reported and appropriate action taken. Permitted activities will be evaluated and the
                        flindings will be used to evaluate future applications.

                        1. FURTHER INFORMATION


                        For further information on the National Marine Sanctuary Program, write or call the Sanctuaries and
                        Reserves Division or the Sanctuary contacts listed below:

                        Sanctuaries & Reserves Div. Headquarters            Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary

                        Michael Crosby                                      Nancy Daschbach, Manager
                        Chief Scientist and Research Coordinator            NOAA/Fagatele Bay National Marine
                        NOAA/Sanctuaries and Reserves Division              Sanctuary
                        1825 Connecticut Ave. NW, Ste. 714                  P.O. Box 4318
                        Washington, DC 20235                                Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
                        (202) 606-4126                                      (684) 633-5155

                        Ervan Garrison                                      Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
                        Marine Archwologist
                        NOAA/Sanctuaries and Reserves Division              Billy Causey, Designation Manager
                        1825 Connecticut Ave., NW, Ste. 714                 NOAA/Florida Keys National Marine
                        Washington, DC 20235                                Sanctuary
                        (202) 606-4126                                      9499 Overseas Hwy.
                                                                            Marathon, FL 33050
                        Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary           (305) 743-2437

                        LCDR Steve Jameson, Manager                         Flower Garden Banks National Marine
                        NOAA/Channel Islands National Marine                Sanctuary
                        Sanctuary
                        735 State St.                                       Stephen Gittings, Manager
                        Santa Barbara, CA 93 101                            NOAA/Flower Garden Banks National Marine
                        (805) 966-7107                                      Sanctuary
                                                                            c/o Texas A&M Univ. Sea Grant Program
                        Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary              1716 Briarcrest Dr., Ste. 702
                                                                            Bryant, TX 77802
                        Ed Ueber, Manager                                   (409) 847-9296
                        NOAA/Cordell Bank National Marine
                        Sanctuary
                        Fort Mason, Bldg. #201
                        San Francisco, CA 94123
                        (415) 556-3509





                        82 Draft ReuLsed Management Plan














                             Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary

                             Reed Bohne, Manager
                             NOAA/Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary
                             Univ. of Georgia Marine Extension Service
                             P.O. Box 13687
                             Savannah, GA 31416
                             (912) 598-2496

                             Gulf of the Farallones National Marine
                             Sanctuary

                             Ed Ueber, Manager
                             NOAA/Gulf of the Farallones National Marine
                             Sanctuary
                             Fort Mason, Bldg. #201
                             San Francisco, CA 94123
                             (415) 556-3509

                             Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary

                             LCDR Alan Bunn, Manager
                             NOAA/Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary
                             P.O. Box 1083
                             Key Largo, FL 33037
                             (305) 451-1644

                             Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary

                             George Schmahl, Manager
                             NOAA/Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary
                             c/b Bahia Honda State Recreation Area
                             Rte. 1, Box 782
                             Big Pine Key, FL 33043
                             (305) 872-4039

                             MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary

                             John Broadwater, Manager
                             NOAA/MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary
                             Atlantic Marine Center
                             439 W. York St.
                             Norfolk, VA 23508
                             (804) 441-6469








                                                                                    Draft RevLsed Management Plan 83














                               Attachment 1: References for Submission of Permit Application to
                               Conduct Archaeological Research in National Marine Sanctuaries

                     A. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (NHPA), 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.

                     1. 16 CFR Part 800, Protection of Historic Properties, published in the Federal Register, Septem-
                     ber 2, 1986 (51 FR 31115). These regulations govern the Section 106 review process established
                     by the NHPA.

                     References

                     a. 36 CFR Part 800: Protection of Historic Properties, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation,
                     Effective October 1, 1986.


                     b. Section 106, Step-by-Step, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Issued October 1985.

                     Availablefrom:

                              Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
                              The Old Post Office Building
                              1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., #809
                              Washington, D.C. 20004

                     B. Archwological Resources Protection Act of 1979, as amended (ARPA), 16 U.S.C. 470aa et
                     seq.

                     1. Uniform Regulations, ARPA, 43 CFR Part 7. These regulations establish basic government-
                     wide standards for the issuance of permits for archmological research, including the authorized
                     excavation and/or removal of archwological resources on public lands or Indian lands.

                     C. Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelinesfor Archirology and Historic Preserva-
                     tion, 48 FR 44716. This publication establishes standards for the preservation planning process
                     with guidelines on implementation.

                     For additional information or consultation, contact.

                              Departmental Consulting Archxologist
                              National Park Service
                              U.S. Department of the Interior
                              Washington, D.C. 20240

                     D. Museumsfor a New Century. A Report of the Commission on Museums for a New Century,
                     1994.


                     Availablefrom:

                              The American Association of Museums
                              1055 Thomas Jefferson Street, N.W.
                              Washington, D.C. 20007


                     84 Draft RevLsed Managernmt Man









                                                          F -Perm                     ut( e in-
                                 A         en ix:            WX
                                .,Rdse               h A du:": catwn:                    .......


                                        Guidelines for Submitting Applications for National Marine Sanctuary
                                                               Research and Education Permits


                                A. INTRODUCTION


                                National Marine Sanctuaries are recognized as resource areas of national significance. Their
                                distinctive characteristics have established them as environmental and historic resources for
                                scientific research and public education. With yearly increases in the number of requests to
                                conduct research and education in National Marine Sanctuaries, guidelines for managing and
                                monitoring such projects are necessary to ensure compatibility with sanctuary goals and objectives
                                and all other sanctuary activities.

                                The guidelines presented below describe the sanctuary permitting process. Applicants seeking
                                financial support for research should consult the sanctuary contacts listed in this document.

                                Permits may be issued by the National Marine Sanctuary managers under special circumstances
                                for activities otherwise prohibited by sanctuary regulations when related to: research to enhance
                                scientific understanding of the sanctuary environment or to improve management decision-
                                making; or education to further public awareness, understanding, and to establish access, use, and/
                                or understanding of sanctuary resources and wise use of the sanctuary environment.

                                Anyone conducting prohibited activities without a valid National Marine Sanctuary permit may be
                                subject to the penalties as provided under Section 303 of the Marine Protection, Research, and
                                Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (as amended). A civil penalty of up to $50,000 for each violation of any
                                regulation may be levied.

                                B. APPLICATION CONTENTS


                                1. Cover Sheet or Letter: The cover sheet or letter shall identify the following, if applicable: 1)
                                name of the national marine sanctuary in which the proposed activity will take place; 2) title of the
                                project; 3) name, address, telephone number, and affiliation of the applicant; 4) name, address,
                                telephone number, and affiliation of and relationship of any colleagues covered by the permit; 5)
                                project duration; 6) funding source; and 7) signature of the applicant.

                                2. Project Summary or Abstract. A 250-word (maximum) summary shall include a brief
                                statement of objectives, methods to be used, and why it is preferable that the activity occur within
                                the boundaries of the sanctuary. For research permits, this summary shall specify research
                                objectives, scientific methods to be used, and significance of the proposed work to a particular
                                sanctuary or to the national marine sanctuary system. The summary shall be suitable for use in the
                                public press. For education permits, the summary must detail the objectives of the project and the
                                methods to be used.


                                NOTE: If the work to be conducted is part of a research grant, submission of the grant itself
                                will be sufficient provided it addresses all the points of this section.



                                                                                           Dra_ft Revised Management Pian 85














                       3. Technical Information: This includes clear, concise, and complete statements in the following
                       categories:

                       a.  Objectives. State the objectives of the projeCt.

                       b.  Hypothesis to be Tested. If applicable, state the hypothesis to be tested.

                       c.  Project Significance. Discuss significant previous work in the area of interest, if any, and how
                           the proposed effort would enhance or contribute to improving the state of knowledge, use of
                           the sanctuary or overall objectives of the Sanctuary Management Plan. Explain why the
                           project should be performed in the sanctuary and the potential benefits to the sanctuary. For
                           education permits, explain the educational value of the project.

                       d.  Methods. Describe the tasks required to accomplish the project's objectives. For research
                           permits, provide an adequate description of field and laboratory methods and procedures.
                           Describe the rationale for selecting the proposed methods over any alternative methods. If
                           collecting is required, indicate the type, quantity and frequency and how the specimens will be
                           handled. If reference collections are made, indicate where specimens will be deposited upon
                           completion of the project. Indicate what organisms might be collected incidental to those
                           specifically sought and, if known, identify specialists who might be interested in incidental
                           groups. Indicate where the laboratory analyses will be conducted, if applicable. Also state the
                           statistical methods to be employed and the level of significance to be tested. For education
                           permits, specify the methods to be used in the project. For all permits, specify the exact
                           location of work within the Sanctuary and provide a map showing the proposed study or
                           project location(s) and a description of the habitat area of particular concern.

                       e.  Personnel. Identify the individuals involved in the project and specific tasks assigned to tearn
                           members. Provide qualifications and evidence of ability to perform tasks. Only those persons
                           listed or referred to on the permit are allowed to participate in permitted activities.

                       f.  References. Cite only those used in the text of the proposal.

                       4.  Environmental Consequences

                       Discuss the environmental consequences of conducting an otherwise prohibited activity and
                       indicate whether the activity could be conducted outside the Sanctuary and accomplish the
                       project's objectives. Specify the consequences and explain how the benefits of the research will
                       outweigh the disadvantages or environmental consequences (short and long term).

                       S. Treatment of Results

                       For research permits, describe the nature and extent of anticipated results. Indicate how the results
                       will be treated (e.g. published in a reference journal, incorporated into academic curriculum, used
                       in management decision-making, published in the public press). For educaLion permits, explain
                       the educational value of the project and how and what products will be used or made available in
                       the future. All information resulting from activities conducted under a National Marine Sancwary
                       permit must be made available to the public.




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                                 6. Supporting Information

                                 a. Financial Support. Provide contract number, performance period, and name of sponsoring
                                    agency, if applicable. At a minimum, indicate source of financial support.

                                 b. Coordination with Research in Progress or Proposed. SRD encourages research coordination
                                    and cost-sharing with other investigators to enhance scientific capabilities and avoid unneces-
                                    sary duplication of effort. Applicants should include a description of these efforts, where
                                    applicable. Cite similar or supporting, past or present research results.

                                 c. Copies of Other Permits. Applicant must include, if applicable, copies of other Federal, state
                                    and/or local permits issued with regards to this permit request. For example, EPA, US Army
                                    Corps of Engineers, etc.

                                 d. Other SRD Permits. Applicant should include a listing of all their previous SRD permits.

                                 C. REQUESTS FOR SANCTUARY SUPPORT SERVICES

                                 SRD has limited on-site sanctuary personnel, facilities and equipment that may be used to support
                                 research under special circumstances. Requests for support should accompany the permit applica-
                                 tion and include the following information: 1) type of support requested; 2) justification, 3) dates
                                 and length of use; and 4) alternative plans if support is not available.

                                 D. AMENDMENTS TO ACTIVE PERMITS


                                 Requests for amendments to active permits (e.g. change in study design or other form of amend-
                                 ment) must conform to these guidelines. Persons desiring to continue research activities in the
                                 sanctuary must reapply for an extension of his/her current permit before it expires. Reference to
                                 the original application may be given in lieu of a new application, provided the scope of work does
                                 not change significantly and all cruise logs and project summaries pertinent to the original permit
                                 have been submitted to and approved by SRD.

                                 E. SUBMISSION OF PERMIT REQUESTS

                                 Four (4) copies of requests for permits must be submitted at least thirty (30) days in advance of the
                                 requested effective date to allow sufficient time for evaluation and processing. Sensitive or
                                 complicated requests, or requests for sanctuary support should be submitted ninety (90) days in
                                 advance. If additional Lime is required for review, the applicant will be notified within twenty (20)
                                 days of the receipt of the request.
                                 Requests for permits must be addressed to the manager of the sanctuary in which the activities are
                                 to be conducted. A listing of their addresses and phone numbers can be found in Section 1.

                                 F. EVALUATION OF PERMIT REQUESTS

                                 Permit applications are reviewed for completeness and adherence to these guidelines. Applicants
                                 will be contacted for clarification if applications are incomplete. Complete applications are
                                 assigned tracking numbers, are reviewed by SRD program officials, on-site sanctuary personnel,
                                 and, where necessary, peer-reviewed by outside experts. Applications are judged on the basis of-
                                 1) relevance or importance to the sanctuary; 2) scientific or educational merits; 3) appropriateness


                                                                                            Draft Reuised Management Plan 87














                       and environmental consequences of the technical approach; and 4) whether the proposed effort is
                       more appropriately conducted outside the sanctuary.

                       G. CONDITIONS OF PERMITS


                       Based on the reviews of the permit application, SRD will approve or deny the permit. If denied,
                       applicants are notified of the reason(s) for denial and informed of the appeal process. If approved,
                       the Sanctuary Manager will issue the permit.

                       Permit holders must counter-sign the permit and return copies to SRD and on-site sanctuary
                       personnel prior to conducting the permitted activities. Copies must be signed and returned within
                       10 days of receipt by the permit holder. If not returned within 30 days, the permit will automati-
                       cally be canceled. A NOAA/SRD research flag will be issued by sanctuary managers to research
                       permit holders for use while conducting the permitted activity. This requirement not only assures
                       that sanctuary enforcement personnel are aware of permitted activities, but also alerts other
                       sanctuary users that research activities are in progress.
                       The research flag must be returned to the sanctuary office upon completion of the research and no
                       later than thirty (30) days after the permit expiration date.

                       Permits must be carried aboard research vessels and made available on request for inspection by
                       sanctuary personnel. For underwater diving activities, it is recommended that a copy of the permit
                       be laminated and available for display.

                       Only the persons specifically named on the permit may participate in permitted activities. Permits
                       and research flags are non-transferrable. Permit holders must abide by all provisions set forth in
                       the permit as well as applicable sanctuary regulations. Project summaries and technical informa-
                       tion are incorporated into the conditions of the permit. Permitted activities must be conducted
                       with adequate safeguards for the environment. To the extent possible, the environment shall be
                       returned to the conditions which existed prior to the permitted activity.

                       Two important conditions of any permit are that the permit holder submit a project report and
                       cruise log to the appropriate sanctuary office within 30 days of the permit's expiration date. The
                       project report is a brief (1 -2) page statement summarizing the results of permitted activities. A
                       cruise log should list the days spent in the sanctuary as well as activities pursued, approximate
                       positions, and general observations. Project reports are used in the sanctuary interpretive pro-
                       grams and cruise reports are used in the assessment of sanctuary activities.

                       The sanctuary manager may immediately amend, suspend, or revoke a permit granted pursuant to
                       these guidelines and sanctuary regulations, in whole or in part, temporarily or indefinitely, if in
                       his/her view the permit holder(s) acted in violation of the terms of the permit or of applicable
                       sanctuary regulations, or for any good cause shown. Formal notice of such action shall be
                       subsequently communicated in writing to the permit holder and shall set forth the reason for the
                       action taken. The permit holder in relation to whom the action is taken may appeal the action as
                       provided for in the sanctuary regulations.

                       H. MONITORING PERFORMANCE

                       Permitted activities will be monitored to ensure compliance with the conditions of the permit.
                       SRD and on-siLe sanctuary personnel may periodically assess work in progress by visiting the


                       88 Draft ReWsed Management Plan














                             study location and observing any permitted activity or by reviewing any required reports. The
                             discovery of any irregularities in conformance to the permit shall be promptly reported and
                             appropriate action shall be taken. Permitted activities will be evaluated and the findings will be
                             used to evaluate future applications.

                             I. FURTHER INFORMATION


                             For further information on the National Marine Sanctuary Program, write or call the Sanctuaries
                             and Reserves Division or the on-site sanctuary contacts listed below:

                             Sanctuaries & Reserves Div. Headquarters        Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

                             Research Coordinator or Education               Billy Causey, Designation Manager
                             Coordinator                                     NOAA/Florida Keys. National Marine
                             NOAA/Sanctuaries and Reserves Division          Sanctuary
                             1825 Connecticut Ave., NW, Ste. 714             9499 Overseas Hwy.
                             Washington, DC 20235                            Marathon, FL 33050
                             (202) 606-4126                                  (305) 743-2437

                             Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary       Flower Garden Banks National Marine
                                                                             Sanctuary
                             LCDR Steve Jameson, Manager
                             NOAA/Channel Islands National Marine            Stephen Gittings, Manager
                             Sanctuary                                       NOAA/Flower Garden Banks National Marine
                             735 State St.                                   Sanctuary
                             Santa Barbara, CA 93 101                        c/o Texas A&M Univ. Sea Grant Program
                             (805) 966-7107                                  1716 Briarcrest Dr., Ste. 702
                                                                             Bryant, TX 77802
                             Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary          (409) 847-9296

                             Ed Ueber, Manager                               Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary
                             NOAA/Cordell Bank National Marine
                             Sanctuary                                       Reed Bohne, Manager
                             Fort Mason, Bldg. #201                          NOAA/Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary
                             San Francisco, CA 94123                         Univ. of Georgia Marine Extension Service
                             (415) 556-3509                                  P.O. Box 13687
                                                                             Savannah, GA 31416
                             Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary          (912) 598-2496

                             Nancy Daschbach, Manager                        Gulf of the Farallones
                             NOAA/Fagatele Bay National Marine               National Marine Sanctuary
                             Sanctuary
                             P.O. Box 4318                                   Ed Ueber, Manager
                             Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799                 NOAA/Gulf of the Farallones National Marine
                             (684) 633-5155                                  Sanctuary
                                                                             Fort Mason, Bldg. #201
                                                                             San Francisco, CA 94123
                                                                             (415) 556-3509



                                                                                   Draft Revised Management Plan 89













                  Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary

                  LCDR Alan Bunn, Manager
                  NOAA/Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary
                  P.O. Box 1083
                  Key Largo, FL 33037
                  (305) 451-1644

                  Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary

                  George Schmahl, Manager
                  NOAAA,ooe Key National Marine Sanctuary
                  c/b Bahia Honda State Recreation Area
                  Rte. 1, Box 782
                  Big Pine Key, FL 33043
                  (305) 872-4039

                  MONITOR National Marine Sanctuary

                  John Broadwater, Manager
                  NOAVMOrQTOR National Marine Sanctuary
                  Atlantic Marine Center
                  439 W. York St.
                  Norfolk, VA 23508
                  (804) 441-6469































                  90 Draft Reutsed Manageffwnt Plan
























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