[Senate Report 119-74]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Calendar No. 183
119th Congress } { Report
SENATE
1st Session } { 119-74
_______________________________________________________________________
NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM REAUTHORIZATION
ACT OF 2025
__________
R E P O R T
of the
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND
TRANSPORTATION
on
S. 320
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
October 14, 2025.--Ordered to be printed
------
U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
69-010 WASHINGTON : 2025
SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
one hundred nineteenth congress
first session
TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
JOHN THUNE, South Dakota MARIA CANTWELL, Washington
ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
DEB FISCHER, Nebraska BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
JERRY MORAN, Kansas EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts
DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
TODD YOUNG, Indiana TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
TED BUDD, North Carolina JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
JOHN CURTIS, Utah JOHN W. HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
TIM SHEEHY, Montana ANDY KIM, New Jersey
SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
CYNTHIA M. LUMMIS, Wyoming
Brad Grantz, Majority Staff Director
Lila Harper Helms, Democratic Staff Director
Calendar No. 183
119th Congress } { Report
SENATE
1st Session } { 119-74
=======================================================================
NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM REAUTHORIZATION
ACT OF 2025
----------------
October 14, 2025.--Ordered to be printed
----------------
Mr. Cruz, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany S. 320]
[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]
The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to
which was referred the bill (S. 320) to reauthorize the
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, and for other
purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon
with an amendment in the nature of a substitute and recommends
that the bill, as amended, do pass.
Purpose of the Bill
The purpose of S. 320 is to reauthorize the Earthquake
Hazards Reduction Act and to expand the responsibilities of the
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to improve earthquake monitoring
and early warning capabilities.
Background and Needs
The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP or
Program) is a multi-disciplinary and interagency program
created under the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977
(EHRA).\1\ It was created to facilitate Federal, State, local,
and private research, planning, decision-making, and mitigation
efforts related to seismic activity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Public Law 95-124, 91 Stat. 1098 (1977).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Four agencies contribute to the NEHRP, each with distinct
responsibilities: the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) leads the Program and manages NEHRP planning
and coordination; the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) promotes the implementation of research findings, best
practices, and earthquake preparedness, response, and public
awareness efforts; the National Science Foundation (NSF) funds
seismology and geological research; and the USGS delivers
earthquake monitoring and notification services, conducts post-
earthquake investigations, and performs related research.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\FEMA, ``The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
(NEHRP) Overview Fact Sheet,'' July 2019, https://www.fema.gov/sites/
default/files/documents/fema_nehrp_overview_
fact_sheet.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A FEMA/USGS report published in 2023 estimated the total
economic exposure to earthquake losses at $107.8 trillion
annually.\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\FEMA and USGS, Hazus Estimated Annualized Earthquake Losses for
the United States, April 2023, https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/
files/documents/fema_p-366-hazus-estimated-annualized-earthquake-
losses-united-states.pdf; ``New USGS-FEMA Study Highlights Economics
Earthquake Risks in the United States,'' Office of Communications and
Publishing, USGS, April 18, 2023, https://www.usgs.gov/news/national-
news-release/new-usgs-fema-study-highlights-economic-earthquake-risk-
united-states.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of Provisions
S. 320 would do the following:
Add Tribal territories to the Program.
Expand the scope of earthquake-related hazards to
include tsunamis caused by earthquakes.
Direct the Program to coordinate with the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and FEMA
to support timely responses, and consult with the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to improve
alerting systems.
Direct State and local entities to inventory high-
risk buildings and structures.
Authorize appropriations for FEMA, USGS, NSF, and
NIST.
Legislative History
S. 320, the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
Reauthorization Act of 2025, was introduced on January 29,
2025, by Senator Padilla (for himself and Senator Murkowski)
and was referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate. On April 30, 2025, the Committee
met in open Executive Session and, by voice vote, ordered S.
320 reported favorably with an amendment (in the nature of a
substitute).
118th Congress
S. 3606, the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
Reauthorization Act of 2024, was introduced on January 17,
2024, by Senator Padilla (for himself and Senator Murkowski)
and was referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate. On July 31, 2024, the Committee
met in open Executive Session and, by voice vote, ordered S.
3606 reported favorably with an amendment (in the nature of a
substitute). Senators Wyden, Merkley, and Tester were later
added as cosponsors. On December 5, 2024, S. 3606 passed the
Senate with an amendment by unanimous consent.
Estimated Costs
In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee provides the
following cost estimate, prepared by the Congressional Budget
Office:
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
S. 320 would amend the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of
1977 to make changes to the National Earthquake Hazards
Reduction Program, an interagency program focused on reducing
earthquake-related risks to life and property. S. 320 also
would authorize appropriations of $161 million annually for
fiscal years 2025 through 2028 for the U.S. Geological Survey,
the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Science
Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology to implement the program.
Additionally, the bill would require the agencies to
develop best practices to assist state, local, and tribal
governments with creating inventories of critical buildings and
structures, and with developing evacuation plans and expanding
early warning systems. The agencies also would be required to
report to the Congress every two years about activities related
to the program.
CBO assumes that the bill will be enacted near the end of
fiscal year 2025 and that the authorized amounts will be
provided for each year beginning in 2025. In 2024, the agencies
allocated $164 million for the program from funds provided in
the appropriation acts for that year. Based on historical
spending patterns, CBO estimates that reauthorizing the program
would cost $596 million over the 2025-2030 period and $29
million after 2030, assuming appropriation of the authorized
amounts.
The costs of the legislation, detailed in Table 1, fall
within budget functions 250 (general science, space, and
technology), 300 (natural resources and environment), 370
(commerce and housing credit), and 450 (community and regional
development).
TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION UNDER S. 320
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By fiscal year, millions of dollars--
--------------------------------------------------------
2025-
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2030
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Geological Survey:
Authorization...................................... 92 92 92 92 0 0 368
Estimated Outlays.................................. 17 137 90 89 23 3 359
National Science Foundation:
Authorization...................................... 54 54 54 54 0 0 216
Estimated Outlays.................................. 2 30 39 46 43 26 186
Federal Emergency Management Agency:
Authorization...................................... 9 9 9 9 0 0 36
Estimated Outlays.................................. * 4 5 7 7 5 28
National Institute of Standards and Technology:
Authorization...................................... 6 6 6 6 0 0 24
Estimated Outlays.................................. 1 9 6 6 1 0 23
Total Changes:
Authorization.................................. 161 161 161 161 0 0 644
Estimated Outlays.............................. 20 180 140 148 74 34 596
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* = between zero and $500,000.
The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Kelly Durand.
The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy
Director of Budget Analysis.
Phillip L. Swagel,
Director, Congressional Budget Office.
Regulatory Impact Statement
In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the
following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the
legislation, as reported:
NUMBER OF PERSONS COVERED
S. 320 would cover individuals residing in areas at risk of
earthquake damage, with a focus on high-risk seismic zones
across the United States. This would include regions such as
the Pacific Coast, parts of Alaska, and areas in the central
United States that face increased vulnerability. The bill would
ensure that millions of people--roughly half the U.S.
population--are included, specifically targeting communities
most likely to experience earthquake-related harm in the coming
decades. Tribal populations would also be accounted for,
ensuring that Native American territories are part of the
protection framework. In total, the coverage would extend to a
significant portion of the American population in high-risk
areas.
ECONOMIC IMPACT
S. 320 may have a positive economic impact. The bill
focuses on mitigating the costs and damages caused by
earthquakes through research, standards development, and
improved coordination among federal, state, and local partners.
Activities such as advancing building code standards,
supporting seismic hazard assessments, and enhancing earthquake
preparedness could help reduce the long-term economic burden of
earthquake-related damage by limiting catastrophic losses to
businesses, homes, and public services. While there may be
short-term costs associated with carrying out these programs,
such investments may yield significant long-term savings by
reducing the need for costly rebuilding efforts and disaster
recovery operations.
PRIVACY
S. 320 is anticipated to have no impact on the personal
privacy of individuals and would not provide any additional
requirements or allowances that would affect business privacy.
PAPERWORK
The Committee does not anticipate a major increase in
paperwork burdens resulting from the passage of this
legislation. While the bill would include provisions for
biennial reports from NEHRP agencies, the purpose is to enhance
transparency and accountability without creating significant
additional paperwork. These reports would be designed to
evaluate the progress of earthquake hazards reduction
activities and provide recommendations for improving national
earthquake preparedness and response efforts.
Congressionally Directed Spending
In compliance with paragraph 4(b) of rule XLIV of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides that no
provisions contained in the bill, as reported, meet the
definition of congressionally directed spending items under the
rule.
Section-by-Section Analysis
Section 1. Short title.
This section would provide that the bill may be cited as
the ``National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
Reauthorization Act of 2025''.
Section 2. Modification of findings.
This section would update seismic-related statistics,
including by citing Federal reports that estimate annualized
earthquake losses to the national building stock at $14.7
billion. This section would also highlight the risk of
buildings built to older codes and standards.
Section 3. Modification of purpose.
This section would modify the congressional statement of
purpose to include expanding targeted outreach to Tribal
government officials and prioritizing the development of design
and construction methods and procedures for housing and care
facilities for vulnerable populations.
Section 4. Modification of definitions.
This section would amend the definition of the term
``seismic'' to include secondary effects such as earthquake-
caused tsunamis. This section would also add definitions for
the terms ``Tribal government'', ``functional recovery'', and
``earthquake forecast''.
Section 5. Improvements to National Earthquake Hazards Reduction
Program.
This section would revise several portions of the Program,
including incorporating Tribal governments into NEHRP outreach,
creating an inventory of buildings and infrastructure with high
seismic risk subject to available funds, and coordinating with
Federal agencies to improve alert systems.
This section would also expand the membership of the
Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction to include
the Chair of the Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory
Committee and representatives from Tribal governments. NIST
would be directed to support mitigation of earthquake-caused
fires, and coordinate with FEMA to develop best practices and
provide technical assistance for taking inventory of lifeline
infrastructure and buildings. FEMA's responsibilities would be
updated to include providing technical assistance to government
entities for the creation of evacuation plans. USGS would be
directed to coordinate with NOAA and FEMA to improve data
sharing and resource allocation to support a timely response to
oceanic earthquakes and tsunamis. Additionally, USGS would be
required to consult with the FCC to provide timely alerts for
oceanic earthquakes and tsunamis.
Lastly, this section would require the NSF to identify
tsunami and liquefaction risk map projects and clarify the
definition of the institutions that are required to be included
to the maximum extent practicable for research funding under
this Act.
Section 6. Seismic performance property standards.
This section would direct the Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development to develop seismic performance standards,
rather than seismic ``safety'' standards, for assisted
properties under the Program. The standards would be designed
to reduce the risk of seismic-related property damage to
improve functional recovery time, as opposed to shake-related
property damage.
Section 7. Seismic standards.
This section would amend congressional reporting
requirements to require an analysis of how Program agencies
have implemented previous report recommendations. This section
would also establish a biennial reporting requirement for
Program agencies to the Interagency Coordinating Committee on
continued progress.
Section 8. Improvements to post-earthquake investigations program.
This section would expand the scope of earthquake
investigations conducted by USGS to include both domestic and
international earthquakes.
Section 9. Authorization of appropriations.
This section would authorize appropriations for each of
fiscal years 2024 to 2028: $8.5 million for FEMA, $92.427
million for USGS, $54 million for NSF, and $5.9 million for
NIST.
Changes in Existing Law
In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new
material is printed in italic, existing law in which no change
is proposed is shown in roman):
CRANSTON-GONZALES NATIONAL
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ACT
* * * * * * *
[42 U.S.C. 7704a]
SEC. 947. REPORT ON SEISMIC SAFETY PROPERTY STANDARDS.
(a) Authority.--The Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development (in this section referred to as the ``Secretary'')
shall assess the risk of earthquake-related damage to
properties assisted under programs administered by the
Secretary and shall develop seismic [safety] performance
standards for such properties. This section may not be
construed to prohibit the Secretary from deferring to local
building codes that meet the requirements of the seismic
[safety] performance standards developed under this section.
(b) Standards.--The standards shall be designed to reduce the
risk of loss of life to building occupants to the maximum
extent feasible and to reduce the risk of [shake-related
property damage] seismic-related property damage to improve the
post-earthquake functional recovery time to the maximum extent
practicable.
(c) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall consult with the Administrator of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency and may utilize the resources under
the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (established
under the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 and any
other resources as may be required to carry out the activities
under this section.
* * * * * * *
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION
ACT OF 1977
* * * * * * *
[42 U.S.C. 7701]
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) All [50 States, and the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico,] States and Tribal jurisdictions are vulnerable
to the hazards of earthquakes, and at least 39 [of
them] States are subject to major or moderate seismic
risk, including Alaska, California, Hawaii, Illinois,
Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey,
New York, Oregon, South Carolina [Tennessee,,],
Tennessee, Utah, and Washington. [A large portion of
the population of the United States lives in areas
vulnerable to earthquake hazards] Almost half of the
United States population resides in areas that are at
risk or experiencing a damaging earthquake during the
50-year period beginning on the date of the enactment
of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
Reauthorization Act of 2025.
(2) Earthquakes have caused, and can cause in the
future, enormous loss of life, injury, destruction of
property, and economic and social disruption. A 2023
report by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and
the United States Geological Survey (FEMA P-366)
estimates the annualized earthquake losses to the
national building stock is $14,700,000,000 per year and
the total economic exposure to earthquake losses
(buildings and contents) across the nation is
$107,800,000,000,000. With respect to future
earthquakes, such loss, destruction, and disruption can
be substantially reduced through the development and
implementation of earthquake hazards reduction
measures, including (A) improved design [and
construction], construction, evaluation, and
retrofitting methods and practices, (B) land-use
controls and redevelopment, (C) early-warning systems,
(D) coordinated emergency preparedness plans, [and (E)]
(E) inventories of buildings and infrastructure with
high seismic risk, especially those that are critical
to community resilience, (F) programs that require or
incentivize replacement or retrofit of existing
buildings and infrastructure with high seismic risk,
especially those that are critical to community
resilience, and (G) public education and involvement
programs.
(3) An expertly staffed and adequately financed
earthquake hazards reduction program, based on Federal,
State, local, Tribal, and private research, planning,
decisionmaking, and contributions would reduce the risk
of such loss, destruction, and disruption in seismic
areas by an amount far greater than the cost of such
program.
(4) A well-funded seismological research program
[could provide the scientific understanding needed to
fully implement an effective earthquake early warning
system.] is necessary to provide the scientific
understanding needed to improve and expand the
earthquake early warning system.
(5) * * *
(6) * * *
(7) * * *
(8) The implementation of earthquake hazards
reduction measures would, as an added benefit, also
reduce the risk of loss, destruction, and disruption
from other natural hazards and man-made hazards,
including hurricanes, tornadoes, accidents, explosions,
landslides, building and structural [cave-ins]
collapse, and fires.
(9) Reduction of loss, destruction, and disruption
from earthquakes will depend on the actions of
individuals, and organizations in the private sector
and governmental units at Federal, State, [and local]
local, and Tribal government levels. The current
capability to [transfer knowledge and information to]
exchange knowledge and information between these
sectors is insufficient. Improved mechanisms are needed
to translate existing information and research findings
into reasonable and usable [specifications, criteria]
guidelines, codes, standards, and practices so that
individuals, organizations, and governmental units may
make informed decisions and take appropriate actions.
(10) * * *
(11) * * *
(12) The built environment has generally been
constructed and maintained to meet the needs of the
users under normal conditions. [When earthquakes occur,
the built environment is generally] Relatively newer
buildings and infrastructure have generally been
designed to prevent severe injuries or loss of human
life [and is] when earthquakes occur, but most are not
expected to remain operational or able to recover under
any specified schedule. In addition, buildings and
infrastructure built to older codes and standards may
pose significant risk of injury, loss of life, or
irreparable damage. A 2021 report submitted to Congress
pursuant to section 8(b), as amended by section 5 of
the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-307), by
the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (FEMA
P2090/NST SP-1254) provides recommendations for
improving post-earthquake functional recovery time of
the built environment to support community resilience
goals and many of these recommendations still need to
be implemented.
(13) The National Research Council published a study
in 2011 on reducing hazards and risks associated with
earthquakes based on the goals and objectives for
achieving national earthquake resilience described in
the strategic plan entitled ``Strategic Plan for the
National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program''. The
study and an accompanying report called for work in 18
tasks focused on research, preparedness, and mitigation
and annual funding of approximately $300,000,000 (in
2011 dollars) per year for 20 years. The cost of actual
seismic retrofits to reduce known risks is not included
in such valuation.
[42 U.S.C. 7702]
SEC. 3. PURPOSE.
It is the purpose of the Congress in this Act to reduce the
risks of life and property from future earthquakes and increase
the resilience of communities in the United States through the
establishment and maintenance of an effective earthquake
hazards reduction program. The objectives of such program shall
include--
(1) the education of the public, including State [and
local], local, and Tribal government officials, as to
earthquake phenomena, the identification of [locations
and structures] buildings and infrastructure which are
especially susceptible to earthquake damage, ways to
reduce the adverse consequences of an earthquake to
individuals and the communities, and related matters;
(2) the development of technologically and
economically feasible design [and construction],
construction, evaluation, and retrofitting methods and
procedures to make new and existing structures, in
areas of seismic risk, earthquake resistant, giving
priority to the development of such methods and
procedures for power generating plants, dams,
hospitals, schools, public utilities and other lifeline
infrastructure, public safety structures, high
occupancy buildings, housing and care facilities for
vulnerable populations, and other structures which are
especially needed to facilitate community-wide post-
earthquake recovery and in times of disaster;
(3) * * *
(4) the development, publication, and promotion, in
conjunction with State [and local], local, and Tribal
government officials and professional organizations, of
model building and planning codes and other means to
[encourage consideration of] incorporate information
about seismic risk in making decisions about land-use
policy and construction activity;
(5) * * *
(6) * * *
(7) * * *
[42 U.S.C. 7703]
SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1) * * *
(2) * * *
(3) The term ``seismic'' and variants thereof mean
having to do with, or caused by earthquakes, including
secondary effects such as earthquake-caused tsunamis.
(4) * * *
(5) * * *
(6) * * *
(7) * * *
(8) * * *
(9) * * *
(10) * * *
(11) The term ``Tribal government'' has the meaning
given the term ``tribal government'' in section 421 of
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658).
(12) The term ``functional recovery'' means a post-
earthquake performance state in which a building or
lifeline infrastructure system is maintained, or
restored, to safely and adequately support the basic
intended functions associated with the pre-earthquake
use or occupancy of a building, or the pre-earthquake
service level of a lifeline infrastructure system.
(13) The term ``earthquake forecast'' means a
statement of probabilities that 1 or more earthquakes
within a clearly specified magnitude range may occur
within a specified time interval and geographic region.
[42 U.S.C. 7704]
SEC. 5. NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM.
(a) Establishment.--
(1) In general.--There is established the National
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program.
(2) Program activities.--The activities of the
Program shall be designed to--
(A) develop effective measures for earthquake
hazards reduction;
(B) promote the adoption of earthquake
hazards reduction measures by Federal, State,
[and local] local, and Tribal governments,
national standards and model code
organizations, architects and engineers,
building owners, and others with a role in
planning [and constructing], designing,
constructing, evaluating, and retrofitting
buildings, structures, and lifeline
infrastructure through--
(i) grants, contracts, cooperative
agreements, and technical assistance;
[(ii) development of standards,
guidelines, and voluntary consensus
codes for earthquake hazards reduction
for buildings, structures, and lifeline
infrastructure;]
(ii) development of standards,
guidelines, and voluntary standards,
guidelines, and consensus codes for
earthquake hazards reduction for
buildings, structures, and lifeline
infrastructure, including post-
earthquake recovery-based performance
objectives that address reoccupancy and
downtime of community-prioritized
buildings, structures, and services
provided by lifeline infrastructure;
(iii) development and maintenance of
a repository of information, including
technical data, on seismic risk,
community resilience, [and hazards
reduction; and] functional recovery,
and other hazards reduction topics;
(iv) publishing and maintaining a
systematic set of maps of active faults
and folds, liquefaction susceptibility,
in coordination with the National
Tsunami Hazards Mitigation Program,
tsunami susceptibility, susceptibility
for earthquake induced landslides, and
other seismically induced hazards[;
and];
(v) subject to the availability of
funds, development of best practices
and guidelines to create an inventory
of and conduct seismic performance
evaluations of buildings, structures,
and lifeline infrastructure with high
seismic risk, especially those that are
critical to community resilience; and
(vi) subject to the availability of
funds, the provision of technical
assistance upon request by a State,
local, or Tribal government regarding--
(I) the creation of an
inventory of buildings,
structures, and lifeline
infrastructure;
(II) the performance of
seismic performance
evaluations; and
(III) cost-effective best
practices for retrofitting
existing buildings, structures,
and lifeline infrastructure.
(C) improve the understanding of earthquakes
and their effects on communities, buildings,
structures, and lifeline infrastructure,
through interdisciplinary research that
involves engineering, natural sciences, and
social, economic, and decisions sciences[;
and];
(D) improve the understanding of--
(i) the multiple hazards associated
with earthquakes, including
liquefaction, tsunamis, landslides, and
structural fires; and
(ii) potential mitigation measures
for such hazards; and
[(D)](E) continue the development of the
Advanced National Seismic System, including
earthquake early warning capabilities and the
Global Seismographic Network.
(3) Interagency coordinating committee on earthquake
hazards reduction.--
(A) In general.--There is established an
Interagency Coordinating Committee on
Earthquake Hazards Reduction chaired by the
Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (referred to in this subsection
as the ``Director'').
(B) Membership.--In addition to the Director,
the committee shall be composed of--
(i) the Administrator of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency;
(ii) the Director of the United
States Geological Survey;
(iii) the Director of the National
Science Foundation;
(iv) the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy; and (v)
the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget.
(C) Meetings.--The Committee shall meet not
less frequently than once each year at the call
of the Director.
(D) Duties.--
(i) General duty.--The Interagency
Coordinating Committee shall oversee
the planning, management, and
coordination of the Program.
(ii) Specific duties.--The duties of
the Interagency Coordinating Committee
include the following:
(I) Developing, not later
than 6 months after the date of
the enactment of the National
Earthquake Hazards Reduction
Program Reauthorization Act of
2004 and updating
periodically--
(aa) a strategic plan
that establishes goals
and priorities for the
Program activities
described under
subsection (a)(2); and
(bb) a detailed
management plan to
implement such
strategic plan.
(II) Developing a coordinated
interagency budget for the
Program that will ensure
appropriate balance among the
Program activities described
under subsection (a)(2), and,
in accordance with the plans
developed under subclause (I),
submitting such budget to the
Director of the Office of
Management and Budget at the
time designated by the Director
for agencies to submit biennial
budgets.
(III) Developing interagency
memorandums of understanding
with any relevant Federal
agencies on data sharing and
resource commitment in the
event of an earthquake
disaster.
(IV) Coordinating with the
Interagency Coordinating
Committee on Windstorm Impact
Reduction and other natural
hazards coordination committees
as the Director determines
appropriate to share data and
best practices.
(V) Coordinating with the
Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration and the
Administrator of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration on data sharing
and resource allocation to
ensure judicious use of
Government resources and the
free-flowing exchange of
information related to
earthquakes and associated
secondary hazards.
(VI) Coordinating with the
Secretary of Agriculture and
the Secretary of the Interior
on the use of public lands for
earthquake monitoring and
research stations, and related
data collection.
(VII) Coordinating with the
Secretary of Transportation and
the Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development on the
effects of earthquakes on
transportation and housing
stocks.
(VIII) Coordinating with the
Chair of the Federal
Communications Commission on
the timely broadcasting of
emergency alerts generated by
the earthquake early warning
system.
(iii) Assistance from secretary of
agriculture and secretary of the
interior.--To the extent practicable,
the Secretary of Agriculture and the
Secretary of the Interior shall
expedite any request for a permit to
use public land under clause (ii)(VI).
(4) Biennial report.--
(A) In general.--Not less frequently than
once every two years, the Interagency
Coordinating Committee shall submit to the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation, the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources, and the Committee on
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of
the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology, the Committee on Energy and
Commerce, the Committee on Natural Resources,
and the Committee on Homeland Security of the
House of Representatives a report on the
Program. Such report shall include--
(i) the Program budget for the
current fiscal year for each agency
that participates in the Program, and
for each major goal established for the
Program activities [under paragraph
(3)(D)(i)(I)] under paragraph
(3)(D)(ii)(I);
(ii) the proposed Program budget for
the next fiscal year for each agency
that participates in the Program, and
for each major goal established for the
Program activities [under paragraph
(3)(D)(i)(I)] under paragraph
(3)(D)(ii)(I);
(iii) a description of the activities
and results of the Program during the
previous year, including an assessment
of the effectiveness of the Program in
furthering the goals established in the
strategic plan [under paragraph
(3)(D)(i)(I)] under paragraph
(3)(D)(ii)(I);
(iv) a description of the extent to
which the Program has incorporated the
recommendations of the Advisory
Committee;
(v) a description of activities,
including budgets for the current
fiscal year and proposed budgets for
the next fiscal year, that are carried
out by Program agencies and contribute
to the Program, but are not included in
the Program;
(vi) a description of the activities,
including budgets for the current
fiscal year and proposed budgets for
the following fiscal year, related to
the grant program carried out under
subsection (b)(2)(A)(i); and
(vii) a statement regarding whether
the Administrator of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency has lowered
or waived the cost share requirement
for assistance provided under
subsection (b)(2)(A)(i).
(B) Support for preparation of report.--Each
head of a Program agency shall submit to the
Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology such information as the Director
may request for the preparation of a report
under subparagraph (A) not later than 90 days
after the date on which the Director requests
such information.
(5) Advisory committee.--
(A) In general.--The Director shall establish
an Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards
Reduction of at least 11 members, none of whom
may be an employee (as defined in subparagraphs
(A) through (F) of section 7342(a)(1) of title
5, United States Code, including the Chair of
the Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory
Committee and representatives of research and
academic institutions, industry standards
development organizations, State [and local
government], local, and Tribal governments, and
financial communities who are qualified to
provide advice on earthquake hazards reduction
and represent all related scientific,
architectural, and engineering disciplines. The
recommendations of the Advisory Committee shall
be considered by Federal agencies in
implementing the Program.
(B) Assessment.--The Advisory Committee shall
assess--
(i) trends and developments in the
science and engineering of earthquake
hazards reduction;
(ii) effectiveness of the Program in
carrying out the activities under
(a)(2);
(iii) the need to revise the Program;
and
(iv) the management, coordination,
implementation, and activities of the
Program.
(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the
date of enactment of the National Earthquake
Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act
of 2004 and at least once every 2 years
thereafter, the Advisory Committee shall report
to the Director on its findings of the
assessment carried out under subparagraph (B)
and its recommendations for ways to improve the
Program. In developing recommendations, the
Committee shall consider the recommendations of
the United States Geological Survey Scientific
Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee.
(D) Application of chapter 10 of title 5,
united states code.--Section 1013 of title 5,
United States Code, shall not apply to the
Advisory Committee.
(b) Responsibilities of program agencies.--
(1) Lead agency.--The National Institute of Standards
and Technology shall have the primary responsibility
for planning and coordinating the Program. In carrying
out this paragraph, the Director of the Institute
shall--
(A) ensure that the Program includes the
necessary steps to promote the implementation
of earthquake hazard reduction measures by
Federal, State, [and local governments,
national standards and model building code
organizations, architects and engineers, and
others with a role in planning and constructing
buildings and lifeline infrastructure;] local,
and Tribal governments, national standards and
model building code organizations, architects
and engineers, and others with a role in
planning, designing, constructing, evaluating,
and retrofitting buildings and lifeline
infrastructure;
(B) support the development of performance-
based seismic engineering tools, and work with
appropriate groups to promote the commercial
application of such tools, through earthquake-
related building codes, standards, and
construction practices;
(C) improve the understanding of earthquake-
caused fires and support the development of
engineering tools and construction methods that
mitigate the risk of fire following
earthquakes;
(D) develop, in coordination with the
Administrator of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, best practices and
guidelines for a State, local, or Tribal
government to create an inventory of buildings,
structures, or lifeline infrastructure that are
critical to community resilience or otherwise
have high seismic risk;
(E) provide, in coordination with the
Administrator of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, technical assistance to a
State, local, or Tribal government requesting
such assistance with respect to the creation of
an inventory of buildings, structures, or
lifeline infrastructure;
[(C)](F) request the assistance of Federal
agencies other than the Program agencies, as
necessary to assist in carrying out this Act;
and
[(D)](G) work with the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, the National Science
Foundation, and the United States Geological
Survey, to develop a comprehensive plan for
earthquake engineering research to provide new
and effectively use existing testing facilities
and laboratories (existing at the time of the
development of the plan), upgrade facilities
and equipment as needed, and integrate new,
innovative testing approaches to the research
infrastructure in a systematic manner.
(2) Department of homeland security; federal
emergency management agency.--
(A) Program responsibilities.--The
Administrator of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency--
(i) shall operate a program of grants
and assistance to enable States and
Tribal governments to develop
mitigation, preparedness, and response
plans, purchase necessary
instrumentation, prepare inventories
and conduct seismic safety inspections
and performance evaluations of critical
structures and lifeline infrastructure,
update building, land use planning, and
zoning codes and ordinances to enhance
seismic safety and improve post-
earthquake functional recovery,
increase earthquake awareness and
education, and provide assistance to
multi-State groups for such purposes;
(ii) shall support the implementation
of a comprehensive earthquake
education, outreach, and public
awareness program, including
development of materials and their wide
dissemination to all appropriate
audiences, including Tribal entities,
and support public access to locality-
specific information that may assist
the public in preparing for, mitigating
against, responding to and recovering
from earthquakes and related disasters;
(iii) shall, in conjunction with the
Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, other Federal
agencies, and private sector groups,
use research results to support the
preparation, maintenance, and wide
dissemination [of seismic resistant] to
all appropriate audiences, including
Tribal governments, of design guidance
and related information on building
codes, standards, and practices for new
and existing buildings, structures, and
lifeline infrastructure that enhance
seismic safety, improve post-earthquake
functional recovery, and reduce losses
from earthquakes, aid in the
development of performance-based design
guidelines and methodologies, and
support model codes that are cost
effective and affordable in order to
promote better practices within the
design and construction industry and
reduce losses from earthquakes;
(iv) shall enter into cooperative
agreements or contracts with States
[and local], local, and Tribal
jurisdictions and other Federal
agencies to establish demonstration
projects on earthquake hazard
mitigation, to link earthquake research
and mitigation efforts with emergency
management programs, or to prepare
educational materials for national
distribution[; and];
(v) shall provide technical
assistance to State, local, or Tribal
governmental entities in the creation
of evacuation plans in the event of an
earthquake, landslide, tsunami, or
other earthquake-related hazard; and
[(v)](vi) shall support the Director
of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology in the completion of
programmatic goals.
(B) State and tribal assistance program
criteria.--In order to qualify for assistance
under subparagraph (A)(i), a State or Tribal
government must--
(i) demonstrate that the assistance
will result in enhanced seismic
[safety] performance, community
resilience, or public awareness in the
State;
(ii) provide 25 percent of the costs
of the activities for which assistance
is being given, except that the
Administrator may lower or waive the
cost-share requirement for these
activities for a small impoverished
community, as defined in section 203 of
the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (42
U.S.C. 5133(a)); and
(iii) meet such other requirements as
the Administrator shall prescribe.
(3) United states geological survey.--The United
States Geological Survey shall report on significant
domestic and international earthquakes and conduct
research and other activities necessary to characterize
and identify earthquake hazards, assess earthquake
risks, monitor seismic activity, and improve earthquake
forecasts. In carrying out this paragraph, the Director
of the United States Geological Survey shall--
(A) conduct a systematic assessment of the
seismic risks in each region of the Nation
prone to earthquakes, including, where
appropriate, the establishment and operation of
intensive monitoring projects on hazardous
faults, seismic microzonation studies in urban
and other developed areas where earthquake risk
is determined to be significant, and
engineering seismology studies;
(B) work with officials of State [and local],
local, and Tribal governments to ensure that
they are knowledgeable about the specific
seismic risks in their areas;
(C) develop standard procedures, in
consultation with the Administrator of the
Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Chair
of the Federal Communications Commission, and
the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, for issuing
earthquake alerts and early warnings;
(D) coordinate with the Administrator of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
and the Administrator of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency on data sharing and resource
allocation to support a timely response to
oceanic earthquakes and tsunamis;
(E) in consultation with the Chair of the
Federal Communications Commission, ensure that
earthquake alerts and early warnings are
broadcast as rapidly and reliably as possible,
in the predominant languages in the affected
region, to ensure maximum warning time for
nearby persons;
(F) expand the earthquake early warning
system within and to additional high risk
hazard areas, including making improvements as
practicable to improve detection and increase
the time between warning messages and
perceptible ground motion;
(G) coordinating with affected State and
Tribal governments on earthquake early warning
system improvements;
(H) issue earthquake forecasts, when
appropriate, for aftershocks associated with
significant earthquakes in the United States;
[(D)](I) issue when necessary and feasible,
and notify the Administrator of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency, the Chair of the
Federal Communications Commission, the Director
of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, and State and local officials, an
alert and an earthquake warning;
[(E)](J) operate, including the National
Earthquake Information Center, a forum for the
international exchange of earthquake
information which shall--
(i) promote the exchange of
information on earthquake research and
earthquake preparedness between the
United States and other nations;
(ii) maintain a library containing
selected reports, research papers, and
data produced through the Program;
(iii) answer requests from other
nations for information on United
States earthquake research and
earthquake preparedness programs; and
(iv) direct foreign requests to the
agency involved in the Program which is
best able to respond to the request;
[(F)](K) operate a National Seismic System;
[(G)](L) support regional seismic networks,
which shall complement the National Seismic
Network[; and];
[(H)](M) work with the National Science
Foundation, the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, and the National Institute of Standards
and Technology to develop a comprehensive plan
for earthquake engineering research to
effectively use existing testing facilities and
laboratories (in existence at the time of the
development of the plan), upgrade facilities
and equipment as needed, and integrate new,
innovative testing approaches to the research
infrastructure in a systematic manner[.];
[(I)](N) work with other Program agencies to
coordinate Program activities with similar
earthquake hazards reduction efforts in other
countries, to ensure that the Program benefits
from relevant information and advances in those
countries;
[(J)](O) maintain suitable seismic hazard
maps and data in support of building codes for
structures and lifeline infrastructure,
including maps of natural hazards associated
with earthquakes and additional maps needed for
performance-based design approaches; and
[(K)](P) support the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology in the
completion of programmatic goals.
(4) National science foundation.--
(A) In general.--The National Science
Foundation shall be responsible for funding
research on earth sciences to improve the
understanding of the causes and behavior of
earthquakes, on earthquake engineering, and on
human response to earthquakes. In carrying out
this paragraph, the Director of the National
Science Foundation shall--
(i) encourage prompt dissemination of
significant findings, sharing of data,
samples, physical collections, and
other supporting materials, and
development of intellectual property so
research results can be used by
appropriate organizations to mitigate
earthquake damage;
(ii) in addition to supporting
individual investigators, support
university research consortia, State
agencies, State geological surveys, and
centers for research in geosciences and
in earthquake engineering;
(iii) work closely with the United
States Geological Survey to support
applied science in the production of a
systematic series of earthquake-related
geologic hazard maps, including updated
tsunami and liquefaction risk maps, and
to identify geographic regions of
national concern that should be the
focus of targeted solicitations for
earthquake-related research proposals;
(iv) support research that improves
the safety and performance of
buildings, structures, and lifeline
systems using experimental and
computational facilities;
(v) emphasize, in earthquake
engineering research, development of
economically feasible methods to
retrofit existing buildings and to
protect lifeline infrastructure to
mitigate earthquake damage; (vi)
support research that studies the
political, economic, and social factors
that influence the implementation of
hazard reduction measures;
(vii) include to the maximum extent
practicable diverse institutions,
including [Historically Black Colleges
and Universities and those serving
large proportions of Hispanics, Native
Americans, Asian-Pacific Americans, and
other underrepresented populations]
institutions described in section
371(a) of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a));
(viii) develop, in conjunction with
the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, and the
United States Geological Survey, a
comprehensive plan for earthquake
engineering research to effectively use
existing testing facilities and
laboratories (in existence at the time
of the development of the plan),
upgrade facilities and equipment as
needed, and integrate new, innovative
testing approaches to the research
infrastructure in a systematic manner;
and
(ix) support the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and
Technology in the completion of
programmatic goals.
* * * * * * *
[42 U.S.C. 7705b]
SEC. 8. SEISMIC STANDARDS.
(a) * * *
(b) Report to Congress.--Not later than June 30, 2020, the
committee convened [under paragraph (1)] under subsection (a)
shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources,
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology, the Committee on Natural Resources, and the
Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives
a report on recommended options for improving the built
environment and critical infrastructure to reflect performance
goals stated in terms of post-earthquake reoccupancy and
functional recovery time.
(c) Implementation of Recommendations.--Each Program agency,
as part of their Program responsibilities, shall implement,
within the Program activities authorized by this Act, the
applicable recommendations in the report submitted pursuant to
subsection (b) to improve the performance of the built
environment in terms of post-earthquake reoccupancy and
functional recovery time.
(d) Biennial Reports.--
(1) Biennial reports to interagency coordinating
committee.--No later than September 30, 2025, and not
less frequently than once every 2 years thereafter,
each Program agency shall submit to the Interagency
Coordinating Committee a report on activities and
progress made to support, promote, or advance the
implementation of the recommendations included in the
report submitted pursuant to subsection (b).
(2) Inclusion in biennial reports of interagency
coordinating committee.--The Interagency Coordinating
Committee shall include the information received under
paragraph (1) in each biennial report submitted under
section 5(a)(4), including consideration of a
prioritized work plan to coordinate activities among
the Program agencies and the necessary Program budget
to fully implement the recommendations described in
paragraph (1).
* * * * * * *
[42 U.S.C. 7705e]
SEC. 11. POST-EARTHQUAKE INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM.
There is established within the United States Geological
Survey a post-earthquake investigations program, the purpose of
which is to investigate major domestic and international
earthquakes, so as to learn lessons which can be applied to
reduce the loss of lives and property in future earthquakes.
The United States Geological Survey, in consultation with each
Program agency, shall organize investigations to study the
implications of the earthquake in the areas of responsibility
of each Program agency. The investigations shall begin as
rapidly as possible and may be conducted by grantees and
contractors. The Program agencies shall ensure that the results
of investigations are disseminated widely. The Director of the
Survey is authorized to utilize earthquake expertise from the
Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Science
Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
other Federal agencies, and private contractors, on a
reimbursable basis, in the conduct of such earthquake
investigations. At a minimum, investigations under this section
shall include--
(1) * * *
(2) * * *
(3) * * *
[42 U.S.C. 7706]
SEC. 12. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a)(1) * * *
(2) * * *
(3) * * *
(4) * * *
(5) * * *
(6) * * *
(7) * * *
(8) There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Federal Emergency Management Agency for carrying out
this title--
(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2005,
(B) $21,630,000 for fiscal year 2006,
(C) $22,280,000 for fiscal year 2007,
(D) $22,950,000 for fiscal year 2008,
(E) $23,640,000 for fiscal year 2009,
(F) $8,758,000 for fiscal year 2019,
(G) $8,758,000 for fiscal year 2020,
(H) $8,758,000 for fiscal year 2021,
(I) $8,758,000 for fiscal year 2022[, and],
(J) $8,758,000 for fiscal year 2023,
(K) $8,500,000 for fiscal year 2024,
(L) $8,500,000 for fiscal year 2025,
(M) $8,500,000 for fiscal year 2026,
(N) $8,500,000 for fiscal year 2027, and
(O) $8,500,000 for fiscal year 2028,
of which not less than 10 percent of available program
funds actually appropriated shall be made available
each such fiscal year for supporting the development of
performance-based, cost-effective, and affordable
design guidelines and methodologies in codes for
buildings, structures, and lifeline infrastructure.
(b) Geological Survey.--(1) * * *
(2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the United
States Geological Survey for carrying out this title--
(A) $77,000,000 for fiscal year 2005, of which not
less than $30,000,000 shall be made available for
completion of the Advanced National Seismic System
established under section 13;
(B) $84,410,000 for fiscal year 2006, of which not
less than $36,000,000 shall be made available for
completion of the Advanced National Seismic System
established under section 13;
(C) $85,860,000 for fiscal year 2007, of which not
less than $36,000,000 shall be made available for
completion of the Advanced National Seismic System
established under section 13;
(D) $87,360,000 for fiscal year 2008, of which not
less than $36,000,000 shall be made available for
completion of the Advanced National Seismic System
established under section 13;
(E) $88,900,000 for fiscal year 2009, of which not
less than $36,000,000 shall be made available for
completion of the Advanced National Seismic System
established under section 13;
(F) $83,403,000 for fiscal year 2019, of
which not less than $30,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 7707 of this title;
(G) $83,403,000 for fiscal year 2020, of
which not less than $30,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 7707 of this title;
(H) $83,403,000 for fiscal year 2021, of
which not less than $30,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 7707 of this title;
(I) $83,403,000 for fiscal year 2022, of
which not less than $30,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 7707 of this title[; and];
(J) $83,403,000 for fiscal year 2023, of
which not less than $30,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 7707 of this title[.];
(K) $92,427,000 for fiscal year 2024, of
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 13;
(L) $92,427,000 for fiscal year 2025, of
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 13;
(M) $92,427,000 for fiscal year 2026, of
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 13;
(N) $92,427,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 13; and
(O) $92,427,000 for fiscal year 2028, of
which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made
available for completion of the Advanced
National Seismic System established under
section 13.
(c) National Science Foundation.--(1)* * *
(2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the National
Science Foundation for carrying out this title--
(A) $38,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
(B) $39,140,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(C) $40,310,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(D) $41,520,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(E) $42,770,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(F) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2019,
(G) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2020,
(H) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2021,
(I) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2022[, and],
(J) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2023[.],
(K) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2024,
(L) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2025,
(M) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2026,
(N) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, and
(O) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.
(d) National Institute of Standards and Technology.--(1) * *
*
(2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the National
Institute of Standards and Technology for carrying out this
title--
(A) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005,
(B) $11,000,000 for fiscal year 2006,
(C) $12,100,000 for fiscal year 2007,
(D) $13,310,000 for fiscal year 2008,
(E) $14,640,000 for fiscal year 2009,
(F) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2019,
(G) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2020,
(H) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2021,
(I) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2022[, and],
(J) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2023[.],
(K) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2024,
(L) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2025,
(M) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2026,
(N) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, and
(O) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2028,
of which $2,000,000 shall be made available each such fiscal
year for supporting the development of performance-based, cost-
effective, and affordable codes for buildings, structures, and
lifeline infrastructure.
* * * * * * *
[all]