[Senate Report 119-17]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                             Calendar No. 63
                                                         
119th Congress }                                              {   Report
                               SENATE 
 1st Session   }                                              { 119-17
                                                              
_______________________________________________________________________

                                     

                                                      

          TRANSPARENCY IN CHARGES FOR KEY EVENTS TICKETING ACT

                               __________

                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

           COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                                   on

                                 S. 281




                 April 29, 2025.--Ordered to be printed
                 
                 
                 
                       ____

             U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 
 59-010          WASHINGTON : 2025
      
                 
                 
                 
                 
       SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
                    one hundred nineteenth congress
                             first session

                        TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington
ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi         AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts
DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
TED BUDD, North Carolina             JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    JOHN W. HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
CYNTHIA M. LUMMIS, Wyoming
                  Brad Grantz, Majority Staff Director
              Lila Harper Helms, Democratic Staff Director
              
              
              

                                                        Calendar No. 63
                                                        
119th Congress }                                                {  Report
                                 SENATE
 1st Session   }                                                {  119-17

======================================================================



 
          TRANSPARENCY IN CHARGES FOR KEY EVENTS TICKETING ACT

                                _______
                                

                 April 29, 2025.--Ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

Mr. Cruz, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 
                        submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                         [To accompany S. 281]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to 
which was referred the bill (S. 281) to require sellers of 
event tickets to disclose comprehensive information to 
consumers about ticket prices and related fees, to prohibit 
speculative ticketing, and for other purposes, having 
considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments 
and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass.

                          PURPOSE OF THE BILL

    The purpose of S. 281, the TICKET Act, is to require 
sellers of event tickets to implement a number of pro-consumer 
policies within the live event ticketing marketplace, including 
requirements to disclose comprehensive information up front to 
consumers about ticket prices and related fees, ban the sale of 
speculative event tickets, and provide refunds for certain 
canceled or postponed live events.

                          BACKGROUND AND NEEDS

    Drip pricing is the practice of advertising only part of a 
product's price up front and revealing additional charges later 
as a consumer goes through the purchasing process. When drip 
pricing is used in the sale of event tickets, purchasers will 
likely experience additional mandatory charges or fees on their 
purchase, which are not disclosed to the consumer with the 
initial price. As a result of drip pricing, consumers may pay 
significantly more for an event ticket than the advertised 
price. A 2019 report by Consumer Reports found that at least 85 
percent of Americans have encountered an unexpected or hidden 
fee for a service they had used in the past 2 years.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\Penelope Wang, ``Protect Yourself From Hidden Fees,'' Consumer 
Reports, May 29, 2019 (https://www.consumerreports.org/money/fees-
billing/protect-yourself-from-hidden-fees-a1096754265/).
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    The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has long expressed 
concerns with drip pricing, noting that such advertisements 
deceptively lower consumers' estimates of how much they expect 
to (and will) pay for a product or service. In 2012, the FTC 
hosted a conference to examine drip pricing.\2\ FTC staff made 
a recommendation for upfront pricing for hotels in a 2017 staff 
report.\3\ The Department of Transportation requires airlines 
to advertise the full fare for air transportation.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\``The Economics of Drip Pricing,'' Federal Trade Commission, May 
21, 2012 (https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/events/2012/05/economics-
drip-pricing).
    \3\Mary W. Sullivan, Economic Issues: Economic Analysis of Hotel 
Resort Fees, Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission, January 
2017 (https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/
documents/reports/economic-analysis-hotel-resort-fees/
p115503_hotel_resort_fees_economic_
issues_paper.pdf).
    \4\U.S. Department of the Transportation, Office of the Secretary, 
``Enhancing Airline Passenger Protections,'' 76 Fed. Reg. 23166 (April 
25, 2011) (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2011-04-25/pdf/2011-
9736.pdf). Since 2011, the Department of Transportation has required 
airlines to advertise the ``entire price'' to be paid by the customer 
for air transportation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In 2018, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) studied 
the ticket market and concluded that, on average, 27 percent of 
the total price for a ticket is comprised of fees, and in some 
cases that percentage can climb as high as 75 percent. GAO 
further noted similar issues with drip pricing by both primary 
and secondary ticket sales, finding that of the events 
reviewed, in more than 60 percent of sales in the primary 
ticket market, consumers could ascertain the amount of fees 
only by: (1) selecting a seat; (2) clicking through one or two 
additional screens; (3) creating a user name and password (or 
logging in); and (4) clicking an icon labeled Order Details 
which displayed the ticket's face-value price and the fees. In 
the secondary market, GAO found that for 7 out of 11 websites, 
ticket fees were only disclosed at the very end of the purchase 
process.\5\ This is one reason why GAO suggested Congress 
consider a requirement that the all-in-price should be 
disclosed to consumers up front.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\Government Accountability Office, Event Ticket Sales: Market 
Characteristics and Consumer Protection Issues, GAO-18-347, April 2018 
(https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-18-347.pdf).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In June 2019, the FTC held a workshop exploring the online 
event ticket marketplace. All workshop panelists that discussed 
event ticket fees--including participating ticket sellers--
supported legislation or rulemaking to require that event 
ticket prices be inclusive of additional fees up front and 
deterring violators through strong enforcement with meaningful 
penalties.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\Federal Trade Commission, ``That's the Ticket'' Workshop: Staff 
Perspective, May 2020 (https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/
reports/thats-ticket-workshop-staff-perspective/
staffperspective_tickets_final-508.pdf).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Studies show that consumers only look at the advertised or 
listed price when making purchase decisions; sellers are 
thereby incentivized to hide as many fees as possible to 
compete with other sellers.\7\ Disclosing the all-in price up 
front allows consumers to shop more efficiently, by allowing 
them to effectively comparison shop and avoid spending more 
than they intended to.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\Alexander Rasch et al., ``Drip Pricing and Its Regulation: 
Experimental Evidence,'' Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 
vol. 176 (August 2020), pp. 353-370 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/abs/pii/S0167268120301189).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In June 2023, the Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, 
Product Safety, and Data Security of the Senate Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation held a hearing on 
``Protecting Consumers from Junk Fees,'' which highlighted the 
need for legislative action, including in the event ticketing 
space.\8\ Hidden fees are particularly common for event 
ticketing, where consumers often learn of additional fees after 
selecting a seat for a particular event and entering their 
information. Drip pricing is especially problematic for sports 
fans and concert goers who are shopping for a finite number of 
tickets with a deadline to buy their tickets before an event 
commences or sells out. These consumers are impeded by 
imperfect information and cannot adequately comparison shop--
they risk losing out on making the best (i.e. lowest price) 
purchase before another buyer swoops in and buys the ticket 
instead. As a result of such hidden fees, and the confusion 
they inject into the purchasing process, consumers tend to buy 
more expensive products than they otherwise would have, such as 
a closer, pricier seat at a concert.\9\ Additionally, 
competitors who choose to display such fees up front are at a 
competitive disadvantage as their prices appear to be more 
expensive at first glance. Legislation is needed to ensure that 
all competitors are held to the same standard and consumers are 
concretely protected from hidden fees.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\``Protecting Consumers From Junk Fees,'' hearing before the 
Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety and Data Security 
of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 118th 
Congress, June 8, 2023 (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-
118shrg58145/pdf/CHRG-118shrg58145.pdf).
    \9\Tom Blake et al., ``Price Salience and Product Choice,'' 
Marketing Science, vol. 40, no. 4 (May 19, 2021), pp. 619-636, 
available online by subscription (https://doi.org/10.1287/
mksc.2020.1261). See also Shelle Santana et al., ``Consumers' Reactions 
to Drip Pricing,'' Marketing Science, vol. 39, no. 1 (January 15, 
2020), pp. 188-210, available online by subscription (https://doi.org/
10.1287/mksc.2019.1207).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In addition, S. 281 would include a prohibition on 
speculative tickets and certain mandatory refunds for ticket 
purchasers that reflect provisions of H.R. 3950 (118th 
Congress), which was passed by the U.S. House of 
Representatives on May 15, 2024.

                         SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS

    S. 281, as amended, would do the following:
   Require ticket issuers, secondary market ticket 
        issuers, or secondary market ticket exchanges to 
        disclose the all-in price, which is the price inclusive 
        of all ticket fees including service fees, order 
        processing fees, delivery fees, facility charge fees, 
        and taxes, among other charges.
   Require such disclosure for tickets for events, 
        defined as any live concert, theatrical performance, 
        sporting event, show, or similarly scheduled live 
        activity, taking place in a venue with a seating or 
        attendance capacity exceeding 200 persons that is open 
        to the general public and is promoted, advertised, or 
        marketed in interstate commerce or for which event 
        tickets are generally sold or distributed in interstate 
        commerce.
   Require such disclosure to occur (1) in any 
        advertisement, marketing, or price list where a price 
        is displayed; and (2) at the beginning of a transaction 
        and throughout the ticket purchasing process.
   Require ticket issuers, secondary market ticket 
        issuers, or secondary market ticket exchanges to 
        provide an itemized list of the base ticket price and 
        each ticket fee.
   Prohibit ticket issuers, secondary market ticket 
        issuers, or secondary market ticket exchanges from 
        selling or offering for sale a ticket that a seller 
        does not have actual or constructive possession of 
        (also known as a speculative ticket).
   Permit ticket issuers, secondary market ticket 
        issuers, or secondary market ticket exchanges to 
        provide services to an individual to obtain an event 
        ticket on behalf of an individual.
   Require ticket issuers, secondary market ticket 
        issuers, or secondary market ticket exchanges to 
        provide notice if a ticket that is being offered for 
        sale is a resale ticket.
   Prohibit a ticket issuer, secondary market ticket 
        issuer, or secondary market ticket exchange from 
        stating that the ticket issuer, secondary market ticket 
        issuer, or secondary market exchange is affiliated or 
        endorsed by a venue, team, or artist unless an 
        agreement has been executed or if the issuer or 
        exchange has consent of the applicable venue, team, or 
        artist.
   Prohibit a ticket issuer, secondary market ticket 
        issuer, or secondary market ticket exchange from 
        including the name of a venue, including any 
        misspellings of any such name, in a domain name, or any 
        subdomain thereof, in the URL of the issuer or exchange 
        unless authorized by the owner of the venue.
   Require ticket issuers, secondary market ticket 
        issuers, or secondary market ticket exchanges to 
        provide refunds or replacement tickets for canceled or 
        postponed events (except for postponements for causes 
        beyond the reasonable control of the issuer) in certain 
        circumstances.
   Require the Federal Trade Commission to submit to 
        Congress a report on enforcement of the Better Online 
        Ticket Sales Act of 2016\10\ within 6 months of 
        enactment.
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    \10\Public Law 114-274.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Authorize the Federal Trade Commission to enforce 
        violations of the Act.

                          LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

    S. 281, the TICKET Act, was introduced on January 28, 2025, 
by Senator Schmitt (for himself and Senator Markey) and was 
referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate. On February 5, 2025, the 
Committee met in open Executive Session and, by voice vote, 
ordered S. 281 reported favorably with amendments.

118th Congress

    S. 1303, the TICKET Act, was introduced on April 26, 2023, 
by Senator Cruz (for himself and Senator Cantwell) and was 
referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate. On July 27, 2023, the Committee 
met in open Executive Session and, by voice vote, ordered S. 
1303 reported favorably with an amendment (in the nature of a 
substitute). On September 12, 2023, that bill was reported and 
placed on the Senate Calendar. On April 11, 2024, Senator 
Rounds was added as a cosponsor.
    H.R. 3950, a House companion bill to S. 1303, was 
introduced on June 9, 2023, by Representative Bilirakis (for 
himself and Representative Schakowsky) and was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce in the House of 
Representatives. Sixteen cosponsors were later added. H.R. 
3950, as amended, passed its Committee with a recorded vote of 
45-0 on December 6, 2023, and that bill passed the House on May 
15, 2024. However, H.R. 3950 had significant differences from 
the Senate version of the TICKET Act. During the Senate 
Committee's markup, members decided to combine S. 1303 with 
H.R. 6568, the Speculative Ticketing Oversight and Prohibition 
Act, which adopted additional ticketing provisions, including a 
ban on speculative ticketing and guaranteed refunds.

                            ESTIMATED COSTS

    In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee provides the 
following cost estimate, prepared by the Congressional Budget 
Office:




    Summary of legislation: On February 5, 2025, the Senate 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ordered 
reported a total of 17 bills. This document provides estimates 
for 5 of those bills.
    S. 99, S. 195, and S. 245 would require the Department of 
Commerce to study supply chains, promote music tourism, and 
establish a working group on cyber insurance; S. 281 and S. 314 
would direct the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce new 
prohibitions related to ticket prices for live events and hotel 
prices.
    Estimated Federal cost: The estimated costs do not include 
any effects of interactions among the bills. If all five bills 
were combined and enacted as a single piece of legislation, the 
estimated costs could be different from the sum of the separate 
estimates, although CBO expects that any differences would be 
small. The costs of the legislation fall within budget function 
370 (commerce and housing credit).
    Basis of estimate: For these estimates, CBO assumes that 
the bills will be enacted near the middle of fiscal year 2025 
and that the estimated amounts will be appropriated each year. 
CBO estimates that all five bills would affect spending subject 
to appropriation and that S. 281 and S. 314 would affect 
revenues.
    S. 99, Strengthening Support for American Manufacturing 
Act, would require the Department of Commerce to contract with 
the National Academy of Public Administration to study programs 
operated by the department that aim to improve the resilience 
of critical supply chains and provide technical assistance to 
U.S. manufacturers. The report would identify interagency gaps 
and duplicative responsibilities among offices and recommend 
improvements.
    Using information from the Department of Commerce, CBO 
estimates that completing the study would cost $2 million over 
the 2025-2030 period, including employee and contracting costs. 
Any related spending would be subject to the availability of 
appropriated funds.
    S. 195, American Music Tourism Act of 2025, would require 
the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism to 
promote music tourism in the United States and periodically 
report to the Congress. In 2024, the Assistant Secretary 
received $3.5 million to carry out the requirements of the 
Visit America Act, a 2022 law to promote travel and tourism in 
the United States.
    Using information about the Assistant Secretary's 
responsibilities under current law, CBO estimates that 
implementing the requirements in the bill would cost less than 
$500,000 over the 2025-2030 period. Any related spending would 
be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.
    S. 245, Insure Cybersecurity Act of 2025, would require the 
National Telecommunications and Information Administration to 
establish an interagency working group on cyber insurance, 
composed of members from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure 
Security Agency, Department of Justice, Department of the 
Treasury, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and 
the FTC. The working group would be required to report to the 
Congress no later than one year after it forms.
    Using information about the cost of similar working groups, 
CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost less than 
$500,000 over the 2025-2026 period. Any related spending would 
be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.
    S. 281, TICKET Act, would require companies that issue 
tickets or that sell tickets on the secondary market to clearly 
display the total price of any ticket, including itemizing any 
fees not included in the base ticket price. The bill also would 
prohibit entities from offering or advertising tickets that 
they do not possess, require entities to clearly disclose if a 
ticket is for re-sale, and direct ticket sellers to refund 
buyers if an event is cancelled. Those requirements would apply 
to live events at venues with an attendance capacity of 200 
people or more. The FTC would enforce those requirements.
    Based on the cost of similar provisions, CBO estimates 
implementing the bill would cost the FTC $4 million over the 
2025-2030 period to issue guidance and to monitor and enforce 
violations. Any related spending would be subject to the 
availability of appropriated funds. In addition, CBO estimates 
that enacting the bill could increase civil penalty 
collections, which are recorded in the budget as revenues, by 
an insignificant amount.
    S. 314, Hotel Fees Transparency Act of 2025, would require 
providers of short-term lodging and websites that advertise or 
offer such lodging to display upfront the full lodging price 
and each mandatory fee required to complete a booking. The FTC 
would enforce those requirements.
    Based on the cost of similar provisions, CBO estimates 
implementing the bill would cost the FTC $4 million over the 
2025-2030 period to issue guidance and to monitor and enforce 
violations. Any related spending would be subject to the 
availability of appropriated funds. In addition, CBO estimates 
that enacting the bill could increase civil penalty 
collections, which are recorded in the budget as revenues, by 
an insignificant amount.
    Pay-As-You-Go considerations: CBO estimates that enacting 
S. 281 and S. 314 would each increase revenues by less than 
$500,000 over the 2025-2035 period; therefore, pay-as-you-go 
procedures apply to those bills.
    Increase in long-term net direct spending and deficits: CBO 
estimates that none of the bills would increase net direct 
spending or deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year 
periods beginning in 2036.
    Mandates: Two of the bills ordered reported by the 
committee contain mandates, as defined in the Unfunded Mandates 
Reform Act (UMRA).
    S. 281, TICKET Act, would impose private-sector mandates as 
defined in UMRA on ticket sellers and resellers by requiring 
certain changes, including new refund policies to the ticketing 
process. CBO estimates the aggregate cost to comply with the 
mandates would be above the threshold established in UMRA for 
private-sector mandates ($206 million in 2025, adjusted 
annually for inflation).
    Under the bill, if an event is cancelled, ticket sellers 
and resellers would be required to provide a refund of the full 
ticket price, including taxes and fees, to ticket purchasers. 
If an event is postponed, sellers and resellers would be 
required to provide customers either a full refund or a 
replacement ticket, if available, subject to the customer's 
preference. Sellers also would be required to disclose this 
refund policy. The bill allows for exceptions to this policy in 
cases where the cancellation or postponement is beyond the 
control of the ticket issuer, such as natural disasters. Based 
on discussions with industry sources, a substantial share of 
sellers and resellers already provide full refunds for 
cancelled events but few offer refunds for postponed events. 
Considerable uncertainty surrounds the ways that federal 
regulations might define what is within the control of the 
issuer in the event of a cancellation or postponement or what 
might constitute comparable replacement events. Given the large 
size of the industry and the amount of revenue generated by 
ticketed events, CBO estimates that the cost of this mandate 
would exceed the threshold for private-sector mandates.
    S. 281 also would require ticket sellers and resellers to 
make certain up-front disclosures to consumers. They would need 
to disclose the ticket prices, including taxes and fees. Those 
disclosures would occur at the time a ticket is first displayed 
to a consumer and in any advertisements or marketing. The bill 
also would require ticket sellers and resellers to provide an 
itemized list of the base price and all fees. Information from 
industry sources indicates that most ticket sellers have 
already begun to provide the total cost to consumers in 
advance; thus, CBO expects the additional requirements in the 
bill to have small costs.
    The bill also would require ticket resellers to disclose to 
consumers that they are resellers before any purchase is 
complete. Sellers and resellers would be prohibited from 
selling or advertising any ticket that the seller does not have 
actually or constructively possess. In certain instances, 
sellers also would be prohibited from revealing to consumers 
and using the name of venues, teams, artists, and events in 
their online domain names. CBO expects that those disclosures 
and prohibitions would impose minimal costs on the sellers.
    The bill contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined 
in UMRA.
    S. 314, Hotel Fees Transparency Act of 2025, would impose 
intergovernmental and private-sector mandates as defined in 
UMRA. CBO estimates that the cost to comply with those mandates 
would not exceed thresholds established in UMRA ($103 million 
and $206 million in 2025, respectively, adjusted annually for 
inflation).
    The bill would preempt state and local laws governing the 
display of prices for short-term lodging. Although the 
preemptions would limit the application of state and local 
laws, it would impose no duty on state or local governments 
that would result in significant spending or loss of revenues.
    The bill would require hotels, short-term rentals, online 
booking websites, and any other third-party temporary 
accommodation sellers to disclose upfront the total price of 
lodging, including any government-imposed fees. Information 
from industry sources and the FTC indicates that several 
lodging providers already comply with provisions in the bill. 
In addition, an FTC final rule, set to go into effect in April, 
will require short-term lodging sellers to disclose all 
associated fees to customers. CBO expects the cost for other 
entities to comply would be small because many providers 
already comply and those who do not already possess the fee 
information required to be displayed.
    Estimate prepared by: Federal costs and revenues: David 
Hughes; Mandates: Grace Watson and Rachel Austin.
    Estimate reviewed by: Justin Humphrey, Chief, Finance, 
Housing, and Education Cost Estimates Unit; Kathleen 
FitzGerald, Chief, Public and Private Mandates Unit; H. Samuel 
Papenfuss, Deputy Director of Budget Analysis.
    Estimate approved by: Phillip L. Swagel, Director, 
Congressional Budget Office.

                      REGULATORY IMPACT STATEMENT

    In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the 
following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the 
legislation, as reported:

Number of Persons Covered

    S. 281 would cover the following entities and any employees 
retained by them:
   Ticket issuers, as defined in the Better Online 
        Ticket Sales Act of 2016;\11\
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    \11\Public Law 114-274.
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   Any person for which it is in the regular course of 
        the trade or business of the person to resell or make a 
        secondary sale of a ticket to an event (as the term 
        ``event'' is defined in the Act);
   Any person for which it is in the regular course of 
        trade or business of that person to operate a platform 
        or exchange for advertising, listing, or selling resale 
        tickets, on behalf of itself, vendors, or a secondary 
        market ticket issuer; and
   The Federal Trade Commission.

Economic Impact

    Based on industry sources, compliance costs associated with 
S. 281's requirements are expected to be minimal and would be 
heavily outweighed by the benefits to consumers. By increasing 
transparency in the event ticketing market, S. 281 would allow 
consumers to more effectively comparison shop and select the 
best-priced tickets. Therefore, the bill is expected to save 
consumers both time and money.

Privacy

    S. 281 is not anticipated to impact the personal privacy of 
individuals.

Paperwork

    S. 281 is not anticipated to generate any additional 
paperwork.

                   CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED SPENDING

    In compliance with paragraph 4(b) of rule XLIV of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides that no 
provisions contained in the bill, as reported, meet the 
definition of congressionally directed spending items under the 
rule.

                      SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS

Section 1. Short title

    This section would provide that the bill may be cited as 
the ``Transparency In Charges for Key Events Ticketing Act'' or 
the ``TICKET Act''.

Section 2. All-inclusive ticket price disclosure

    This section would provide that it shall be unlawful for a 
ticket issuer, secondary market ticket issuer, or secondary 
market ticket exchange from offering an event ticket for sale 
unless that issuer: (1) clearly and conspicuously displays the 
total event ticket price--if a price is displayed--in any 
advertisement, marketing, or price list where the ticket is 
offered for sale; (2) clearly and conspicuously discloses to an 
individual who seeks to purchase an event ticket the total 
event ticket price at the time the ticket is first displayed to 
that individual and anytime thereafter during the purchasing 
process; and (3) provides an itemized list of the base event 
ticket price and each event ticket fee.

Section 3. Speculative ticketing ban

    This section would provide that a ticket issuer, secondary 
market ticket issuer, or secondary market ticket exchange that 
does not have actual or constructive possession of an event 
ticket shall not sell, offer for sale, or advertise for sale 
such event ticket.
    This section would further provide that a secondary market 
ticket issuer or exchange may sell, offer for sale, or 
advertise for sale, a service to an individual to obtain an 
event ticket on behalf of such individual if such issuer or 
exchange: (1) does not market or list the service as an event 
ticket; (2) maintains clear separation between the service and 
event tickets; and (3) discloses before the selection of the 
service that the service does not guarantee an event ticket.

Section 4. Disclosures

    This section would provide that a ticket issuer, secondary 
market ticket issuer, or secondary market ticket exchange shall 
do the following:
   If an event ticket being sold is a resale, disclose 
        to the consumer prior to purchase that such ticket is a 
        resale and the issuer or exchange is engaged in the 
        secondary sale of event tickets;
   Not state an affiliation or endorsement by a venue, 
        team, or artist unless a partnership agreement has been 
        executed or the issuer or exchange has the express 
        written consent of such venue, team, or artist; and
   Not include the name of a venue, including any 
        misspellings of any such name, in a domain name, or 
        subdomain thereof, in the URL of the issuer or 
        exchange, unless authorized by the owner of the venue.

Section 5. Refund requirements

    This section would provide that if an event is canceled or 
postponed (except for a cause beyond the reasonable control of 
the issuer), a ticket issuer, secondary market ticket issuer, 
or secondary market ticket exchange shall provide the purchaser 
of an event ticket the following:
   If the event is canceled, a full refund for the 
        total event ticket price;
   If the event is postponed less than 6 months and the 
        original ticket is no longer valid, a replacement 
        ticket, subject to availability; or
   If the event is postponed more than 6 months, at the 
        option of the purchaser,
     A full refund for the total event ticket price; or
     If the original event ticket is no longer valid, a 
            replacement event ticket.
    Further, this section would require disclosure of the 
guarantee or refund policy of the ticket issuer, secondary 
market ticket issuer, or secondary market ticket exchange as 
well as information on how to obtain a refund of the total 
event ticket price.

Section 6. Report by the Federal Trade Commission on BOTS Act of 2016 
        enforcement

    This section would require the FTC to submit a report to 
Congress within 6 months of enactment regarding the enforcement 
of the Better Online Ticket Sales Act of 2016.\12\
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    \12\Public Law 114-274.
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Section 7. Enforcement

    This section would provide that a violation of this Act 
shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or 
deceptive act or practice under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the 
Federal Trade Commission Act.

Section 8. Definitions

    This section would define the key terms in the bill, 
including ``artist'', ``base event ticket price'', 
``Commission'', ``event'', ``event ticket'', ``event ticket 
fee'', ``optional product or service'', ``resale'', ``secondary 
market ticket exchange'', ``secondary market ticket issuer'', 
``secondary sale'', ``ticket issuer'', ``total event ticket 
price'', ``URL'', and ``venue''.

                        CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW

    In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee states that the 
bill as reported would make no change to existing law.