[Senate Report 119-16]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Calendar No. 50
119th Congress } { Report
SENATE
1st Session } { 119-16
_______________________________________________________________________
PROMOTING RESILIENT SUPPLY CHAINS
ACT OF 2025
__________
R E P O R T
of the
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND
TRANSPORTATION
on
S. 257
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
April 28, 2025.--Ordered to be printed
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U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
59-010 WASHINGTON : 2025
SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
one hundred nineteenth congress
first session
TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
JOHN THUNE, South Dakota MARIA CANTWELL, Washington
ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
DEB FISCHER, Nebraska BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
JERRY MORAN, Kansas EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts
DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
TODD YOUNG, Indiana TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
TED BUDD, North Carolina JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
JOHN CURTIS, Utah JOHN W. HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
TIM SHEEHY, Montana ANDY KIM, New Jersey
SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
CYNTHIA M. LUMMIS, Wyoming
Brad Grantz, Majority Staff Director
Lila Harper Helms, Democratic Staff Director
Calendar No. 50
119th Congress } { Report
SENATE
1st Session } { 119-16
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PROMOTING RESILIENT SUPPLY CHAINS ACT OF 2025
_______
April 28, 2025.--Ordered to be printed
_______
Mr. Cruz, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation, submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany S. 257]
[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]
The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to
which was referred the bill (S. 257) to improve the resilience
of critical supply chains, and for other purposes, having
considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments
and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass.
PURPOSE OF THE BILL
The purpose of S. 257, Promoting Resilient Supply Chains
Act of 2025, is to clarify responsibilities for the Assistant
Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, including
leading an interagency Supply Chain Resilience Working Group
(Working Group) to study and assess American manufacturing and
the supply chains that support critical goods, and providing
strategies to mitigate supply chain shocks.
BACKGROUND AND NEEDS
While policymakers in the 2010s began raising concerns
around maintaining the United States' economic competitive
edge, especially through innovation in advanced manufacturing
technologies, the COVID-19 pandemic laid bare that U.S.
domestic manufacturing faces several challenges, including
heavy reliance on fragmented global supply chains, labor
shortages, high production costs, and outdated infrastructure.
Congress has acknowledged this reliance represents an economic
security liability for the country. Globalization and the drive
to provide low-priced goods to American consumers contributed
to offshoring beginning in the 1990s, making the United States
vulnerable to disruptions from events like pandemics or
geopolitical tensions.
The industry also currently struggles with skill gaps,
especially in advanced technologies, and faces competition from
lower-cost foreign producers. Issues like raw material
shortages and regulatory burdens further complicate efforts to
build resilient, flexible supply chains. In the wake of the
2020 pandemic, Congress has worked to identify appropriate ways
for the Federal Government to incentivize reshoring of
manufacturing back to the United States and provide better
awareness of and transparency for the materials, services, and
processes that impact the critical supply chains for important
goods.
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS
S. 257 would do the following:
Clarify the responsibilities of the Department of
Commerce's Industry and Analysis division;
Create a dedicated interagency working group to
monitor and assess critical supply chains; and
Require reports to identify gaps and
vulnerabilities, including ways to reduce dependency on
non-allied countries and to foster the relocation of
manufacturing to the United States or allied nations.
The responsibilities and reporting requirements outlined in
the Act would sunset after 10 years.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY
S. 257 was introduced on January 27, 2025, by Senator
Cantwell (for herself and Senators Blackburn and Blunt
Rochester) and was referred to the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation of the Senate. On February 5, 2025,
the Committee met in open Executive Session and, by voice vote,
ordered S. 257 reported favorably with amendments. On March 11,
2025, Senator Shaheen was added as a cosponsor.
118th Congress
S. 4375, the Promoting Resilient Supply Chains Act of 2024,
was introduced on May 21, 2024, by Senator Cantwell (for
herself and Senator Blackburn) and was referred to the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
Senate.
H.R. 6571, a House companion bill, was introduced on
December 4, 2023, by Representative Bucshon (for himself and
Representative Blunt Rochester) and was referred to the
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of
Representatives. Eight cosponsors were later added. On May 15,
2024, H.R. 6571 passed the House under suspension of the rules
with a recorded vote of 390-19.
ESTIMATED COSTS
In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee provides the
following cost estimate, prepared by the Congressional Budget
Office:
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
S. 257 would require the Department of Commerce to assess
and prepare for disruptions to supply chains for goods that are
critical to national or economic security. The bill would
establish an interagency working group to identify actions that
the federal government can take to mitigate the economic
effects of incidents that cause gaps in manufacturing,
warehousing, transportation, and distribution networks for
those critical goods. The bill also would require the
department to report annually to the Congress on the
effectiveness of its efforts.
Implementing S. 257 would not impose significant new
operating requirements on the Department of Commerce and other
federal agencies because those agencies are already performing
most of the responsibilities that would be required under the
bill. CBO estimates that preparing the required assessments and
reports would cost less than $500,000 over the 2025-2030
period. Any spending would be subject to the availability of
appropriated funds.
The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Aldo Prosperi.
The estimate was reviewed by Christina Hawley Anthony, Deputy
Director of Budget Analysis.
Phillip L. Swagel,
Director, Congressional Budget Office.
REGULATORY IMPACT STATEMENT
In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the
following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the
legislation, as reported:
Number of Persons Covered
S. 257 would establish the Supply Chain Resilience Working
Group, composed of the agencies reliant on the Department of
Commerce's Industry and Analysis division housed in the
Department's International Trade Administration and tasked with
assessing critical supply chains, including those for emerging
technologies; identifying vulnerabilities; evaluating supply
chain disruptions; and identifying gaps and potential supply
chain shocks. It would also analyze the capacity of domestic
and allied manufacturers and assess risks to market stability.
The bill would not authorize any new regulations and therefore
would not subject any individuals or businesses to new
regulations.
Economic Impact
S. 257, as reported, is not expected to have a negative
impact on the Nation's economy.
Privacy
S. 257 would require the Working Group to collaborate with
Federal, State, local governments, and international allies to
enhance supply chain resilience, reduce vulnerabilities, and
create contingency plans for supply chain shocks. In addition,
the bill outlines protections for voluntarily submitted
critical supply chain information to the Department of
Commerce, ensuring it would remain confidential and exempt from
disclosure laws, except in specific circumstances, including
provisions for information shared in good faith and limits on
its use outside of supply chain resilience efforts.
Paperwork
S. 257 would require the Working Group to oversee the
designation of critical industries, goods, and supply chains,
with updates every 4 years. The report would assess the
capacity of critical industries, identify threats and
vulnerabilities, and propose strategies to mitigate risks,
especially those related to emerging technologies. The
Assistant Secretary would submit annual reports to Congress
detailing the activities, data, and strategies to strengthen
supply chains, assess risks, and improve the U.S. manufacturing
base and international partnerships.\1\
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\1\Additional paperwork could arise from increased time required by
affected parties, agencies, or individuals.
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CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED SPENDING
In compliance with paragraph 4(b) of rule XLIV of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides that no
provisions contained in the bill, as reported, meet the
definition of congressionally directed spending items under the
rule.
SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS
Section 1. Short title; table of contents.
This section would provide that the bill may be cited as
the ``Promoting Resilient Supply Chains Act of 2025'' and would
provide a table of contents.
Section 2. Additional responsibilities of Assistant Secretary of
Commerce for Industry and Analysis.
This section would clarify the responsibilities of the
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, to
include--
Promoting stability and resilience in critical
supply chains and emerging technologies to strengthen
U.S. national security, in consultation with the
Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security;
Leading a working group and consulting with non-
governmental representatives, industry, academia, and
governments to promote resilient supply chains and
prepare for and respond to disruptions in critical
industries, supply chains, and emerging technologies;
Encouraging the growth and competitiveness of U.S.
production and manufacturing in emerging technologies;
Assessing the resilience, diversity, and strength of
critical supply chains and technologies, in
consultation with the Secretary of the Department of
Homeland Security;
Supporting the availability of critical goods from
U.S. manufacturers and allied countries, in
consultation with the Secretary of State and the U.S.
Trade Representative;
Assisting in preparing for and responding to supply
chain shocks, including by improving flexible
manufacturing capacities in the United States;
Encouraging reduced reliance on critical goods from
certain countries, in line with international
agreements; and
Encouraging the relocation of manufacturing for
critical goods to the United States or allied nations
to strengthen supply chain resilience.
Section 3. Critical supply chain resilience and crisis response work-
ing group.
This section would establish the Supply Chain Resilience
Working Group, composed of the agencies reliant on the
Department of Commerce's Industry and Analysis division housed
in the Department's International Trade Administration and
tasked with assessing critical supply chains, including those
for emerging technologies; identifying vulnerabilities;
evaluating supply chain disruptions; and identifying gaps and
potential supply chain shocks. It would also analyze the
capacity of domestic and allied manufacturers and assess risks
to market stability.
The group would collaborate with Federal, State, local
governments, and international allies to enhance supply chain
resilience, reduce vulnerabilities, and create contingency
plans for supply chain shocks. The Assistant Secretary would
submit annual reports to Congress detailing the activities,
data, and strategies to strengthen supply chains, assess risks,
and improve the U.S. manufacturing base and international
partnerships.
The Working Group would also oversee the designation of
critical industries, goods, and supply chains, with updates
every 4 years. The report would assess the capacity of critical
industries, identify threats and vulnerabilities, and propose
strategies to mitigate risks, especially those related to
emerging technologies.
Lastly, this section would outline protections for
voluntarily submitted critical supply chain information to the
Department of Commerce, ensuring it would remain confidential
and exempt from disclosure laws, except in specific
circumstances, including provisions for information shared in
good faith and limits on its use outside of supply chain
resilience efforts.
Section 4. Department of Commerce capability assessment.
This section would direct the Secretary of Commerce to
produce a report not later than 2 years of enactment to do the
following: (1) identify the Department's relevant offices,
resources, programs, and expertise related to critical supply
chain resilience and manufacturing innovation; (2) assess the
purpose, legal authority, effectiveness, efficiency, and
limitations of these offices; and (3) provide recommendations
for improving the Department's activities in these areas,
including enhancing coordination, effectiveness, and
collaboration with other agencies. The report would be
submitted to Congress along with a strategy for implementing
the recommendations, as appropriate and as determined by the
Secretary.
Section 5. No additional funds.
This section would outline that no additional funds are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act.
Section 6. Sunset.
This section would provide that all requirements,
responsibilities, and obligations terminate 10 years after the
date of enactment.
Section 7. Definitions.
This section would define the terms, ``agency'', ``ally or
key international partner nation'', ``Assistant Secretary'',
``covered nongovernmental representative'', ``critical good'',
``critical industry'', ``critical infrastructure'', ``critical
supply chain'', ``critical supply chain information'',
``domestic enterprise'', ``domestic manufacturer'', ``emerging
technology'', ``institution of higher education'',
``manufacture'', ``manufacturing technology'', ``production
equipment'', ``program'', ``relevant committees of Congress'',
``resilient critical supply chain'', ``Secretary'', ``State'',
and ``supply chain shock''.
CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW
In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee states that the
bill as reported would make no change to existing law.
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