[Senate Report 119-102]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                       Calendar No. 331 
                                                       
119th Congress }                                              { Report
                                 SENATE
  2d Session   }                                              { 119-102
_______________________________________________________________________
                                 

                                                       

    PIPELINE INTEGRITY, PROTECTION, AND ENHANCEMENT FOR LEVERAGING 
    INVESTMENTS IN THE NATION'S ENERGY TO ASSURE SAFETY ACT OF 2025

                               __________


                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

           COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                                   on

                                S. 2975





               [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] 





               February 11, 2026.--Ordered to be printed 
               
                                ------
                                
                  U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

69-010                    WASHINGTON : 2026                
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               












               
               
               
               
               
       SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
       
                    one hundred nineteenth congress 
                    
                             second session

                       TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington
ROGER F.WICKER, Mississippi          AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts
DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
TED BUDD, North Carolina             JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    JOHN W. HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
CYNTHIA M. LUMMIS, Wyoming
                  Brad Grantz, Majority Staff Director
              Lila Harper Helms, Democratic Staff Director 
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              































                                                       Calendar No. 331 
                                                       
119th Congress }                                              { Report
                                 SENATE
  2d Session   }                                              { 119-102

=======================================================================



 
    PIPELINE INTEGRITY, PROTECTION, AND ENHANCEMENT FOR LEVERAGING 
    INVESTMENTS IN THE NATION'S ENERGY TO ASSURE SAFETY ACT OF 2025

                            ----------------   
   
               February 11, 2026.--Ordered to be printed
               
                            ----------------
                                
Mr. Cruz, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 
                        submitted the following


                              R E P O R T

                         [To accompany S. 2975]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to 
which was referred the bill (S. 2975) to amend title 49, United 
States Code, to enhance the safety of pipeline transportation, 
and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports 
favorably thereon with an amendment in the nature of a 
substitute and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass.

                          Purpose of the Bill

    The purpose of S. 2975 is to reauthorize the pipeline 
safety programs of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
Administration (PHMSA).

                          Background and Needs

    Congress established PHMSA in 2004 as the Federal agency 
within the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) responsible 
for ensuring the safe operation of the Nation's pipelines, as 
well as other hazardous materials, that are essential to our 
daily lives.\1\ PHMSA divides its safety programs between two 
offices: the Office of Hazardous Materials Safety and the 
Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS).\2\ Since PHMSA's creation, the 
agency's pipeline safety activities have been reauthorized by 
Congress in 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\``PHMSA's Mission,'' PHMSA, accessed November 13, 2025, https://
www.phmsa.dot.gov/about-phmsa/phmsas-mission.
    \2\``PHMSA Regulations,'' PHMSA, May 5, 2021, https://
www.phmsa.dot.gov/regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    OPS is responsible for setting and enforcing Federal 
pipeline safety regulations to ensure the safety of inter- and 
intrastate gas and hazardous liquids pipelines to people and 
the environment, including pipeline design, construction, 
operations and maintenance, and emergency response planning. 
PHMSA may delegate safety authority over intrastate gas 
pipelines, hazardous liquid pipelines, and underground natural 
gas storage to States.\3\ With the exception of Alaska and 
Hawaii, all States participate in PHMSA's safety oversight 
program.\4\ PHMSA provides formula funding to States to support 
State enforcement of Federal pipeline safety regulations on 
intrastate pipelines. States inspect and enforce the 
requirements of the Federal pipeline safety regulations for 
over 85 percent of the pipeline facility infrastructure under 
PHMSA's safety authority.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\``Federal Effort,'' OPS, PHMSA, February 13, 2025, https://
www.phmsa.dot.gov/pipeline/
effort-allocation/federal-effort; 49 U.S.C. 60101, et seq.
    \4\``State Programs Overview,'' PHMSA, August 5, 2024, https://
www.phmsa.dot.gov/working-phmsa/state-programs/state-programs-overview.
    \5\Ibid.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In addition to overseeing the 3.3 million miles of 
pipeline, PHMSA exercises safety jurisdiction over 176 
liquefied natural gas plants, 398 underground natural gas 
storage fields, and 8,525 hazardous liquid breakout tanks in 
the United States.\6\ According to publicly available 
information from PHMSA, the agency has about 232 Federal 
inspection and enforcement staff to carry out its pipeline 
safety responsibilities, as augmented by approximately 450 
State inspectors.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\``Federal Effort,'' PHMSA, February 13, 2025, https://
www.phmsa.dot.gov/pipeline/effort-
allocation/federal-effort.
    \7\Ibid.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    OPS's pipeline safety activities are funded primarily 
through user fees assessed on regulated pipeline operators.\8\ 
Congress most recently reauthorized PHMSA's pipeline safety 
programs in the Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and 
Enhancing Safety Act of 2020 (PIPES Act of 2020), which expired 
at the end of fiscal year 2023.\9\ The PIPELINE Safety Act of 
2025 would reauthorize PHMSA's pipeline safety programs for 5 
years, from fiscal year 2026 to fiscal year 2030; provide 
direction on the rules, reports, and operations Congress wants 
PHMSA to undertake; and amend the relevant statute to advance 
pipeline safety.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\Paul W. Parfomak, DOT's Federal Pipeline Safety Program: 
Background and Issues for Congress, CRS Report, May 7, 2025, https://
www.congress.gov/crs-product/R44201.
    \9\The Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing 
Safety Act of 2020 (Pub. L. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182 (2020)), https://
www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ260/PLAW-116publ260.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Pipelines are one of the safest and least costly modes to 
transport vast quantities of gas and hazardous liquids.\10\ 
However, there is room for improvement. This bill would address 
notable pipeline safety incidents that have occurred since the 
Committee last considered pipeline safety legislation. Each 
incident is identified and discussed in the section-by-section 
analysis for the portion of the bill that addresses it.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\``General Pipeline FAQs,'' PHMSA, November 6, 2018, https://
www.phmsa.dot.gov/faqs/general-pipeline-faqs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    The PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025 is a broad reauthorization 
of PHMSA's pipeline safety programs. It includes several new 
requirements for PHMSA to complete. These are in addition to 
requirements PHMSA must still complete from pipeline safety 
reauthorizations in 2020, 2016, and 2011. The Committee agreed 
to a 5-year reauthorization with the expectation that PHMSA 
will work diligently to complete the outstanding congressional 
requirements. However, the Committee is concerned about the 
number of outstanding congressional requirements. The Committee 
will continue to demand that PHMSA fulfill the requirements of 
this legislation and previous reauthorizations.

                         Summary of Provisions

    S. 2975 would do the following:
   Authorize PHMSA's pipeline safety programs for 5 
        years, authorizing the agency to collect $222 million 
        in pipeline user fees in fiscal year 2026 and 
        increasing incrementally to $246.8 million in fiscal 
        year 2030.
   Authorize appropriations for PHMSA's existing 
        Emergency Response Grants, Pipeline Safety Information 
        Grants to Communities, Damage Prevention Programs, and 
        Pipeline Integrity Program (research).
   Authorize for the first time the Natural Gas 
        Distribution Pipeline Infrastructure Safety and 
        Modernization Grant program, first created in the 
        Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act\11\ of 2021, at 
        $75 million annually for fiscal years 2027 to 2030 to 
        repair or replace natural gas distribution pipelines 
        based on risk.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \11\Public Law 117-58.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Require PHMSA to allow for risk-based inspection 
        intervals for hazardous liquid breakout tanks if such 
        change would maintain or enhance safety.
   Reauthorize and improve the technology testing pilot 
        program.
   Require PHMSA to review the safety of composite 
        pipeline materials.
   Require PHMSA to regularly review industry standards 
        incorporated by reference into the agency's regulations 
        and update those references as necessary.
   Provide pipeline operators with the ability to 
        utilize alternative methods of maintaining pipeline 
        rights-of-way while ensuring they can identify risks to 
        pipeline facilities.
   Align the regulatory oversight of natural gas in-
        plant pipelines with hazardous liquid in-plant 
        pipelines.
   Require PHMSA to promulgate regulations ensuring the 
        safe transportation of carbon dioxide in all forms.
   Require studies from a National Laboratory and GAO 
        on the safety of blending hydrogen gas into existing 
        natural gas systems, with PHMSA determining whether 
        regulatory updates for blending hydrogen at levels 
        exceeding 5 percent are necessary following the 
        studies.
   Increase transparency of pipeline safety regulation, 
        including by improving the accuracy of the National 
        Pipeline Mapping System for transmission pipelines; 
        publishing annual statistics on pipeline incidents 
        online; and designating the Office of Public Engagement 
        to assist the public with pipeline safety inquiries.
   Increase civil penalties for pipeline violations by 
        about 50 percent.
   Require PHMSA to review the methodology for 
        determining the potential impact radius of gas 
        transmission safety incidents and submit to Congress a 
        report detailing PHMSA's findings.
   Require pipeline operators to identify the amount of 
        Aldyl-A in their system, and take steps to mitigate the 
        risks associated with historic plastics with known 
        safety issues in their distribution integrity 
        management plans.

                          Legislative History

    S. 2975 was introduced on October 6, 2025, by Senator Cruz 
(for himself and Senators Cantwell, Young, and Peters) and was 
referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate. On October 21, 2025, the 
Committee met in open Executive Session and, by voice vote, 
ordered S. 2975 reported favorably with an amendment (in the 
nature of a substitute with amendments).
    H.R. 5301, the PIPES Act of 2025, was introduced on 
September 11, 2025, by Representative Graves (for himself and 
Representatives Larsen, Webster, and Titus) and was referred to 
the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House 
of Representatives. On September 17, 2025, that Committee met 
in open Executive Session and, by voice vote, ordered H.R. 5301 
reported favorably as amended. Representative Van Drew was 
added as a cosponsor.
    On May 15, 2025, the Subcommittee on Surface 
Transportation, Freight, Pipelines, and Safety of the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate held a 
hearing titled ``Pipeline Safety Reauthorization: Ensuring the 
Safe and Efficient Movement of American Energy.'' Witnesses at 
the hearing included representatives from the American 
Petroleum Institute, the Liquid Energy Pipeline Association, an 
executive from CenterPoint Energy on behalf of the American Gas 
Association, and the Pipeline Safety Trust. The hearing 
informed members about issues relevant to a pipeline safety 
reauthorization.

118th Congress

    H.R. 6494, the PIPES Act of 2023, was introduced on 
November 29, 2023, by Representative Graves (for himself and 
Representatives Larsen, Nehls, and Payne) and was referred to 
the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
Representatives. On December 6, 2024, the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure met in open Executive Session 
and, by voice vote, ordered H.R. 6494 reported favorably as 
amended.
    H.R. 7655, the Pipeline Safety, Modernization, and 
Expansion Act of 2024, was introduced on March 13, 2024, by 
Representative Duncan and was referred to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce of the House of Representatives. On March 20, 
2024, the Committee on Energy and Commerce met in open 
Executive Session and, by a vote of 27-18, ordered H.R. 7655 
reported favorably as amended.

                            Estimated Costs

    In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee provides the 
following cost estimate, prepared by the Congressional Budget 
Office:

[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] 


    The bill would:
           Reauthorize programs managed by the Pipeline 
        and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) 
        through 2030
           Require PHMSA to conduct regulatory and 
        inspection activities and make grants
           Increase the maximum civil penalty for 
        violating certain requirements related to pipeline 
        safety
           Impose intergovernmental and private-sector 
        mandates by requiring compliance with new and updated 
        regulations and administrative requirements and 
        imposing fees
    Estimated budgetary effects would mainly stem from:
           Authorizing appropriations for PHMSA 
        programs through 2030
           Authorizing PHMSA to collect pipeline safety 
        and natural gas storage facility fees
           Increasing collections of civil penalties
    Areas of significant uncertainty include:
           Projecting the frequency and severity of 
        pipeline safety violations
           Predicting the deterrent effect of larger 
        civil penalties
    Bill summary: S. 2975 would reauthorize the pipeline safety 
programs of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
Administration (PHMSA) through 2030. The bill also would 
require PHMSA to conduct various regulatory, grantmaking, and 
inspection activities and would require the Government 
Accountability Office and the Office of Inspector General 
within the Department of Transportation (DOT) to evaluate and 
report on various pipeline safety programs. Finally, S. 2975 
would increase civil penalties for certain violations of 
pipeline safety requirements.
    Estimated Federal cost: The estimated budgetary effect of 
S. 2975 is shown in Table 1. The costs of the legislation 
largely fall within budget functions 400 (transportation) and 
800 (general government).

                                                    TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED BUDGETARY EFFECTS OF S. 2975
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                      By fiscal year, millions of dollars--
                                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          2026    2027    2028    2029    2030    2031   2032   2033   2034   2035  2026-2030  2026-2035
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             INCREASES OR DECREASES (-) IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION
 
Estimated Authorization................................      82     166     168     170     172   n.e.   n.e.   n.e.   n.e.   n.e.       758       n.e.
Estimated Outlays......................................     -79      26      65      97     119   n.e.   n.e.   n.e.   n.e.   n.e.       228       n.e.
 
                                                                  INCREASES IN REVENUES
 
Estimated Revenues.....................................       *       1       2       2       2      2      2      2      2      2         7         17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n.e. = not estimated; * = between zero and $500,000.

    Basis of estimate: For this estimate, CBO assumes that the 
bill will be enacted early in calendar year 2026, that the 
specified and necessary amounts will be provided each year, and 
that outlays will follow historical spending patterns for the 
affected programs.
    Spending subject to appropriation: S. 2975 would authorize 
gross appropriations of $1.8 billion over the 2026-2030 period, 
which would be partially offset by $1.0 billion in collections 
of user fees also authorized by the bill, resulting in a net 
authorization of about $800 million over that period. CBO 
estimates that implementing S. 2975 would cost $228 million 
over the 2026-2030 period, assuming appropriation actions 
consistent with that estimate (see Table 2).

                 TABLE 2.--ESTIMATED CHANGES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION UNDER S. 2975
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           By fiscal year, millions of dollars--
                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             2026        2027        2028        2029        2030     2026- 2030
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safety Programs Financed by User Fees:
    Authorization.......................         192         197         203         209         214       1,015
    Estimated Outlays...................          67         146         179         203         209         804
Offsetting Collections of User Fees:
    Estimated Authorization.............        -192        -197        -203        -209        -214      -1,015
    Estimated Outlays...................        -192        -197        -203        -209        -214      -1,015
    Subtotal, User Fee Programs:
        Estimated Authorization.........           0           0           0           0           0           0
        Estimated Outlays...............        -125         -51         -24          -6          -5        -211
Infrastructure Safety and Modernization:
    Authorization.......................           0          75          75          75          75         300
    Estimated Outlays...................           0           *           1           8          27          36
Safety Programs Financed by a Trust
 Fund:
    Authorization.......................          30          31          32          33          34         160
    Estimated Outlays...................          18          28          31          33          34         144
Operational Expenses:
    Authorization.......................          33          34          35          36          37         175
    Estimated Outlays...................          23          30          34          36          37         160
Other Activities:
    Estimated Authorization.............          19          26          26          26          26         123
    Estimated Outlays...................           5          19          23          26          26          99
    Subtotal, All Other:
        Estimated Authorization.........          82         166         168         170         172         758
        Estimated Outlays...............          46          77          89         103         124         439
Total Changes:
    Estimated Authorization.............          82         166         168         170         172         758
    Estimated Outlays...................         -79          26          65          97         119         228
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* = between zero and $500,000.

    Safety Programs Financed by User Fees. The cost of most 
safety programs operated by PHMSA are financed by fees 
collected from the owners and operators of pipelines and 
natural gas storage facilities. CBO estimates that implementing 
the provisions related to safety programs would, on net, reduce 
spending subject to appropriation by $200 million over the 
2026-2030 period and would increase such spending by $200 
million after 2030 so that there would be no net effect on 
spending over time, assuming appropriation actions consistent 
with that estimate.
    Authorized Spending for Safety Programs. S. 2975 would 
authorize the appropriation of specific amounts each year 
totaling $1.0 billion over the 2026-2030 period for certain 
safety programs. Assuming appropriation of the specified 
amounts, CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would 
cost $800 million over the same period. In 2025, the Congress 
provided $188 million for those activities.
    Offsetting Collections of User Fees. The fees that PHMSA is 
generally authorized to collect from the natural gas and 
pipeline industries to cover the costs of certain safety 
programs are treated as offsets to discretionary spending. For 
this estimate, CBO assumes that PHMSA would collect fees equal 
to 100 percent of the authorized amount each year, totaling 
$1.0 billion in collections over the 2026-2030 period.
    Infrastructure Safety and Modernization. The bill would 
authorize the appropriation of $75 million a year from 2027 
through 2030 for PHMSA's Natural Gas Distribution 
Infrastructure Safety and Modernization grant program. That 
program was authorized through 2026 under the Infrastructure 
Investment and Jobs Act to help pay for repairs to or the 
replacement of natural gas pipelines. CBO estimates that 
implementing the provision would cost $36 million over the 
2026-2030 period and $264 million after 2030.
    Safety Programs Financed by a Trust Fund. The bill would 
authorize the appropriation of specific amounts each year 
totaling $160 million over the 2026-2030 period from the Oil 
Spill Liability Trust Fund for pipeline safety programs. CBO 
estimates that implementing that provision would cost $144 
million over the same period and $16 million after 2030. In 
2025, the Congress provided $30 million for those activities.
    Operational Expenses. The bill would authorize the 
appropriation of specific amounts each year totaling $175 
million over the 2026-2030 period for PHMSA's operational 
expenses. CBO estimates that implementing that provision would 
cost $160 million over the same period and $15 million after 
2030. In 2025, the Congress provided $32 million for those 
activities.
    Other Activities. CBO estimates that S. 2975 would 
authorize appropriations totaling $123 million over the 2026-
2030 period for other activities conducted by PHMSA and other 
agencies. CBO estimates that the bill would authorize the 
following amounts:
           $50 million for emergency response grants 
        (as specified in the bill);
           $20 million to establish the National Center 
        of Excellence for Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Leak 
        Detection;
           $15 million for damage prevention programs 
        (as specified in the bill);
           $15 million for PHMSA's pipeline integrity 
        programs (as specified in the bill); and
           $3 million for various reports and 
        administrative activities conducted by agencies 
        including the Government Accountability Office and 
        DOT's Office of Inspector General.
    In addition, the bill would require PHMSA to establish a 
voluntary information system related to pipeline safety and 
would authorize PHMSA to collect $5 million per year in user 
fees to support that system. CBO estimates that it would cost 
$10 million annually to administer that information system 
starting in 2027. On that basis, CBO estimates that PHMSA would 
need $5 million in additional appropriations each year to 
implement the program, totaling $20 million in net 
authorizations over the 2026-2030 period.
    CBO estimates that the net cost of implementing those 
provisions would be $99 million over the 2026-2030 period.
    Revenues: Several sections of the bill would affect 
collections of civil penalties, which are recorded in the 
budget as revenues. Section 208 would increase the maximum 
civil penalty for violations of specific requirements and 
regulations related to pipeline safety and maintenance. The 
daily maximum penalty would increase from $273,000 in 2025 to 
$400,000 in 2026, and the maximum penalty for the sum of daily 
violations would increase from $2.7 million to $4.0 million.
    Under current law, total collections of those civil 
penalties have averaged $5 million per year. Using information 
from PHMSA, including the number of penalties assessed near the 
maximum amount, CBO estimates that enacting section 208 would 
reduce the number of violations but would increase collections 
from civil penalties, on net, by $17 million over the 2026-2035 
period.
    CBO estimates that enacting other sections of S. 2975 would 
affect revenues by less than $500,000 over the 2026-2035 
period.
    Uncertainty: The estimated revenue effects of S. 2975 are 
subject to considerable uncertainty. Projecting the frequency 
or severity of pipeline safety violations is difficult as is 
estimating the deterrent effect of larger civil penalties for 
those violations. Thus, the amount of additional revenue 
collected under the bill could be larger or smaller than CBO 
estimates if larger penalties led to more or fewer violations 
than expected.
    Pay-As-You-Go considerations: The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go 
Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement 
procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or 
revenues. The net changes in revenues that are subject to those 
pay-as-you-go procedures are shown in Table 1.
    Increase in long-term net direct spending and deficits: CBO 
estimates that enacting S. 2975 would not increase on-budget 
deficits or net direct spending in any of the four consecutive 
10-year periods beginning in 2036.
    Mandates: S. 2975 would impose private-sector mandates as 
defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) on pipeline 
owners and operators by requiring compliance with new and 
updated regulations and reporting requirements, reauthorizing 
user fees, and imposing new fees. CBO estimates that the cost 
of the private-sector mandates would exceed the private-sector 
threshold established in UMRA ($206 million in 2025, adjusted 
annually for inflation).
    The bill also would authorize new regulations. If the 
departments use that authority, the bill also could impose 
intergovernmental and additional private-sector mandates. 
Because the cost of those intergovernmental mandates would 
depend on regulations not yet issued, CBO cannot determine 
whether they would exceed the intergovernmental threshold 
established in UMRA ($103 million in 2025, adjusted annually 
for inflation).
    User fees: The bill would impose private-sector mandates by 
levying fees on operators of gas and liquid transmission 
pipelines and underground storage facilities for natural gas.
           DOT would be reauthorized to collect about 
        $200 million each year over the 2026-2030 period for 
        safety programs.
           DOT would be authorized to collect up to $5 
        million annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to 
        establish and manage a voluntary information-sharing 
        system.
    Regulations: The bill would impose private-sector mandates 
by requiring two agencies to finalize rules.
    DOT would be required to finalize a rule that would 
establish minimum safety regulations for transporting carbon 
dioxide in gas, liquid, and supercritical states.\1\ That rule 
would add carbon dioxide to the list of highly volatile liquids 
that require pipeline owners and operators to meet strict 
technical and safety requirements. Using information from 
PHMSA, CBO estimates that the annual cost of compliance for all 
pipeline owners and operators would be about $20 million.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\In January 2025, DOT submitted a notice of proposed rulemaking. 
See Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
Safety Administration, ``Pipeline Safety: Safety of Carbon Dioxide and 
Hazardous Liquid Pipelines'' (January 2025), https://tinyurl.com/
yxh9hau8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) would be required 
to finalize a rule to strengthen pipeline cybersecurity and 
resiliency.\2\ That rule would require pipeline owners and 
operators to develop and implement cybersecurity plans and to 
conduct annual evaluations. Using information from DHS, CBO 
estimates that the annual cost of compliance for those entities 
combined would be about $60 million.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\Department of Homeland Security, Transportation and Safety 
Administration, ``Enhancing Surface Cyber Risk Management,'' notice of 
proposed rulemaking, 89 Fed. Reg. 88488 (November 7, 2024), https://
tinyurl.com/mshvf3an.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Reporting requirements: The bill would modify or impose new 
reporting requirements on pipeline owners and operators. CBO 
expects that the cost of compliance would be small because the 
necessary information is readily available.
           Pipeline owners and operators would be 
        required to provide Indian tribes with the same 
        operational and safety information they provide to 
        state and local governments.
           Operators would be required to file annual 
        reports on transporting blended gas and to notify DOT 
        if they file for bankruptcy protection.
    Safety standards: S. 2975 would authorize DOT to issue new 
or revised regulations based on studies required under the 
bill. Those regulations could impose or expand existing 
mandates on entities that provide or use natural gas utilities 
and could update safety standards for pipeline operating 
pressures and hydrogen gas blends. Because such regulations 
have not yet been issued, CBO cannot determine whether the cost 
of compliance would exceed UMRA's intergovernmental or private-
sector thresholds.
    Estimate prepared by: Federal costs: Aaron Krupkin; 
Revenues: Nathaniel Frentz; Mandates: Brandon Lever.
    Estimate reviewed by: Ann E. Futrell, Chief, Natural and 
Physical Resources Cost Estimates Unit; Joshua Shakin, Chief, 
Revenue Projections Unit; Kathleen FitzGerald, Chief, Public 
and Private Mandates Unit; H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Director 
of Budget Analysis; Chad Chirico, Director of Budget Analysis.
    Estimate approved by: Phillip L. Swagel, Director, 
Congressional Budget Office.

                      Regulatory Impact Statement

    In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the 
following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the 
legislation, as reported:

                       NUMBER OF PERSONS COVERED

    Federal pipeline safety laws provide PHMSA the authority to 
regulate the safe operation of over 3.3 million miles of 
pipeline.\12\ PHMSA regulates 1,333 gas distribution pipeline 
operators; 530 gas gathering line operators; 1,040 gas 
transmission pipeline operators; 555 hazardous liquid pipeline 
operators; 98 LNG facilities operators; and 77 underground 
natural gas storage operators.\13\ State pipeline safety 
regulators establish and enforce safety standards for 
intrastate pipelines, and 48 States participate in PHMSA's 
pipeline safety program, complementary to PHMSA's enforcement 
work.\14\ S. 2975 amends the pipeline safety statutes and 
directs PHMSA to amend several regulations governing the safe 
transportation of gas and hazardous liquid by pipeline. The 
regulatory changes proposed in this bill are limited to 
entities that are currently regulated under Federal pipeline 
safety law and therefore are not expected to increase the 
number of persons covered under existing Federal pipeline 
safety laws.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \12\``Budget Estimates; Fiscal Year 2026,'' PHMSA, May 30, 2025, 
https://www.transportation .gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2025-05/
PHMSA_FY_2026_Budget_Estimates_CJ.pdf.
    \13\``Pipeline Miles and Facilities 2010+,'' PHMSA, accessed 
November 13, 2025, https://portalpublic.phmsa.dot.gov/analytics/
saw.dll?PortalPages.
    \14\``State Programs Overview,'' PHMSA, August 5, 2024, https://
www.phmsa.dot.gov/working-phmsa/state-programs/state-programs-overview.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            ECONOMIC IMPACT

    The Committee expects S. 2975 would likely have a 
beneficial economic impact on the Nation. The bill authorizes 
PHMSA to collect $222 million in pipeline user fees in fiscal 
year 2026 and increasing incrementally to $246.8 million in 
fiscal year 2030. The bill also authorizes appropriations for 
operational expenses starting at $33 million for fiscal year 
2026 and increasing incrementally to $37 million in fiscal year 
2030. The regulatory changes required in this bill would have 
an economic impact on the owners and operators of gas and 
hazardous liquid pipelines. Some of the changes would provide 
more flexibility for operators to maintain or enhance the 
safety of their infrastructure, which the Committee expects 
could lower regulatory costs. These changes include allowing 
for the use of risk-based inspections for in-service breakout 
tanks, aligning the in-plant gas pipeline regulations with the 
hazardous liquid regulations, and potentially allowing for 
alternative technologies to meet Federal pipeline safety 
regulations.
    Other provisions either increase operator regulatory or 
reporting requirements or require studies that could result in 
new regulatory or reporting requirements, which would increase 
regulatory costs. These changes include the requirements for 
distribution systems to assess and mitigate the risks for 
Aldyl-A pipe; carbon dioxide safety requirements; cybersecurity 
requirements; mitigating risks of geological hazards in 
inspection and maintenance plans; several studies, including on 
the safety of blending hydrogen into gas distribution systems; 
reporting requirements, such as reporting on blended products; 
and reviews, such as the methodology for the National Pipeline 
Mapping System.

                                PRIVACY

    The reported bill is not expected to have an adverse impact 
on the personal privacy of individuals.

                               PAPERWORK

    As reported, S. 2975 would require a variety of reports 
from the Federal Government, including PHMSA, the Comptroller 
General of the United States, a National Laboratory, and the 
Inspector General of the Department of Transportation on topics 
such as fire shutoff valves, the National Pipeline Mapping 
System, composite materials, hydrogen blending into natural gas 
distribution systems, and other pipeline safety topics. The 
bill would also require the pipeline industry to report to 
PHMSA the intentional blending of non-predominant gas products 
above certain thresholds, the presence of Aldyl-A pipeline 
materials, and any bankruptcy filings.

                   Congressionally Directed Spending

    In compliance with paragraph 4(b) of rule XLIV of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides that no 
provisions contained in the bill, as reported, meet the 
definition of congressionally directed spending items under the 
rule.

                      Section-by-Section Analysis

Section 1. Short title; table of contents.

    This section would provide that the bill may be cited as 
the ``Pipeline Integrity, Protection, and Enhancement for 
Leveraging Investments in the Nation's Energy (PIPELINE) to 
assure Safety Act of 2025'' or the ``PIPELINE Safety Act of 
2025''. This section would also establish a table of contents 
for the bill.

Section 2. Definitions.

    This section would define the terms ``Administration'', 
``Administrator'', ``appropriate committees of Congress'', 
``document produced to another person'', and ``Secretary''.

                       TITLE I--REAUTHORIZATIONS

Section 101. Gas and hazardous liquid.

    This section would authorize appropriations for the 
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration's 
(PHMSA) pipeline safety programs for 5 years, from fiscal year 
2026 through fiscal year 2030. The authorization would begin in 
fiscal year 2026 by authorizing $222 million in user fees the 
agency may utilize and would increase incrementally to $248.4 
million in user fee funds for fiscal year 2030.

Section 102. Operational expenses of the Pipeline and Hazardous 
        Materials Safety Administration.

    This section would authorize appropriations for PHMSA's 
operational expenses through fiscal year 2030. Such 
authorization would begin at $33 million authorized for 
operational expenses in fiscal year 2026 and increase 
incrementally to $37 million in fiscal year 2030.

Section 103. Other programs.

    This section would authorize appropriations for PHMSA grant 
programs, including Emergency Response Grants, Pipeline Safety 
Information Grants to Communities, Damage Prevention Programs, 
and the Pipeline Integrity Program. This section would also add 
requirements addressing when PHMSA must publish notices of 
funding opportunities and make awards under the Pipeline Safety 
Information Grants to Communities.

                 TITLE II--MODERNIZING PIPELINE SAFETY

Section 201. Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.

    This section would require PHMSA to revise its regulations 
to allow for risk-based inspections of in-service breakout 
tanks if the Secretary finds that such inspections maintain or 
enhance safety. This section would direct PHMSA to consider the 
American Petroleum Institute's standard entitled ``Tank 
Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction'' or 
successor regulation in its rulemaking. For any breakout tank 
that would be inspected less frequently under a risk-based 
inspection interval than under the regulations in effect on 
January 1, 2025, PHMSA must require operators to routinely 
visually monitor the external conditions of the tank and use a 
secondary containment system.

Section 202. Risk assessment obligations.

    This section would require a DOT employee with experience 
in conducting risk assessments to attend PHMSA's gas and liquid 
advisory committee meetings in which the committee is serving 
as a peer review panel with respect to risk assessment 
information.

Section 203. Timely incorporation by reference.

    This section would require PHMSA to review every 5 years 
each industry standard that has been adopted or incorporated 
into the regulations that have since been modified, and to 
update the regulations if such updates are determined necessary 
by the Secretary. The Secretary would also have to publish its 
reasoning for not adopting or incorporating standards it 
reviews. This section would direct the Secretary to consider 
adopting or incorporating industry consensus standards when 
prescribing new standards. This section would also 
prospectively prevent the agency from adopting new 
incorporations by reference if those standards are not made 
available on the agency's public website during the public 
comment period of rulemaking. Further, this section would 
require the Secretary to make available on PHMSA's public 
website links to all industry standards incorporated by 
reference prior to the enactment of the PIPELINE Safety Act of 
2025 that are available to the public on a website at no charge 
to the public.

Section 204. Report on updates to the National Pipeline Mapping 
        System.

    This section would require the Government Accountability 
Office (GAO) to submit a report to Congress on PHMSA's 
management of the National Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS). This 
report would describe how and when PHMSA updates the high 
consequence area data contained in the NPMS, what sources of 
scientific data are used for those updates, and how such data 
is validated for accuracy. This section would also require 
PHMSA to initiate a rulemaking to ensure NPMS data that is 
submitted to the agency by pipeline operators has spatial 
accuracy within +/- 50 feet of a transmission pipeline.

Section 205. Pipeline safety enhancement programs.

    This section would reauthorize the safety-enhancing testing 
programs authorized in the PIPES Act of 2020 for 5 years. This 
section would require the testing programs to be designed to 
achieve a level of safety equal to required safety levels. This 
section would also clarify that a testing program is not a 
major Federal action under the National Environmental Policy 
Act (NEPA) statute and would prevent PHMSA from requiring 
testing program applicants to obtain a waiver through the non-
emergency waiver process. This section would also provide an 
opportunity for operators to correct any identified 
deficiencies with their testing programs.

Section 206. Technical safety standards committees.

    This section would require PHMSA to publish an explanation 
of why it rejects recommendations or conclusions of the gas or 
liquid advisory committees during rulemaking processes and to 
notify Congress of the agency's rationale for such rejection. 
This section would also amend the existing statutory language 
addressing the number of required committee meetings per year 
by replacing ``up to 4'' with ``2'' meetings per year.

Section 207. Enforcement procedures.

    This section would allow the respondent in a PHMSA 
enforcement proceeding to request a formal hearing conducted by 
a DOT administrative law judge in civil penalty cases with a 
proposed penalty of over $1 million. This section would also 
require PHMSA to respond in writing to an operator's submission 
in response to the agency's issuance of a warning item. This 
section would also require PHMSA to post notices of enforcement 
hearings on its website on the page titled ``Upcoming 
enforcement hearings'' and would require that formal hearings 
be open to the public.

Section 208. Civil penalties.

    This section would increase the maximum civil penalties for 
violations of the Federal pipeline safety statutes and 
regulations. The maximum penalty amount for a violation would 
increase from $272,926 (as most recently adjusted for inflation 
on December 30, 2024) to $400,000, and the maximum penalty for 
a series of related violations would increase from $2,729,245 
(as also presently adjusted for inflation) to $4 million.

Section 209. Improving whistleblower protections.

    This section would amend the existing whistleblower 
protections by adding reference to additional forms of awards a 
whistleblower may be entitled to when prevailing in litigation, 
particularly back pay with interest and compensation for 
special damages.

Section 210. Assessment of composite materials.

    This section would require PHMSA to conduct a review of 
available data and materials that address the safety of 
composite pipeline materials and submit a report to Congress 
describing the agency's conclusions based on that review. If 
PHMSA were to conclude that composite materials provide an 
equivalent level of safety as other pipeline materials, it 
could promulgate regulations allowing for the use of composite 
materials for the transportation of new fuels.

Section 211. Elements and evaluation of State damage prevention 
        programs.

    This section would add criteria to the minimum requirements 
for State one-call damage prevention programs, which States 
must adopt to be eligible for PHMSA's damage prevention grants. 
These criteria reflect best practices for one-call programs and 
are intended to reduce the number of excavation related 
pipeline accidents and incidents. This section would also add 
criteria PHMSA must use to determine the effectiveness of State 
damage prevention programs.

Section 212. Pipeline safety voluntary information-sharing system.

    This section would establish a confidential voluntary 
information-sharing system (VIS) program to encourage the 
sharing of pipeline safety data and information to improve 
pipeline safety. The program would bring together members from 
relevant Federal and State pipeline safety agencies; pipeline 
operator representatives; and environmental, safety, and labor 
groups who will analyze information received and prepare 
reports addressing lessons learned, process improvements, new 
technologies and practices, and other relevant safety 
information.

Section 213. Transporting gas.

    This section would exclude from PHMSA's gas regulations 
``in-plant'' pipelines that move gas within a facility that are 
either entirely within the facility or that extend less than 1 
mile outside of the facility.

Section 214. Inspection and management of rights-of-way.

    This section would codify the existing PHMSA allowance for 
pipeline operators to utilize unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) 
and satellites to conduct required visual inspections of 
pipeline rights-of-way. This section would not affect pipeline 
operators' obligation to comply with other Federal UAS laws. 
This section would also codify that operators may use 
alternative methods of maintaining vegetation along pipeline 
rights-of-way by utilizing guidance issued by DOT or a relevant 
State agency, so long as they maintain an equal level of 
safety. In the absence of such guidance, operators may consult 
industry practices and guidance for such maintenance practices 
but must continue to ensure that the operator can identify 
risks to the pipeline facility.

Section 215. Geological hazards.

    This section would require operators to address geological 
hazards (such as landslides, volcanic activity, earthquakes, 
and scouring) in their integrity management plans. PHMSA would 
also have to prepare a report addressing geological hazards 
that present risks to pipeline safety. This section would 
require PHMSA, based on that report, to make recommendations to 
improve the mitigation of such hazards to Congress. PHMSA would 
also need to review and update, as appropriate, existing 
regulations and policy guidance that address the safety of 
pipeline facilities from threats posed by geological hazards.

Section 216. Alternative technologies.

    This section would require PHMSA to issue a request for 
proposals for potential alternative pipeline safety 
technologies that, if used by pipeline operators, would meet 
the intent of existing pipeline safety regulations and provide 
an equal or greater level of safety. This section would specify 
that if PHMSA determines that a technology meets the intent of 
an existing pipeline safety regulation and provides an equal or 
greater level of safety, the agency may engage in rulemaking to 
allow operators to adopt the use of such technology.

Section 217. Fire shutoff valves.

    This section would require PHMSA to study the effectiveness 
of fire shutoff valves or equivalent technologies to determine 
if they improve public safety. After completing the study, 
PHMSA may prescribe risk-based regulations requiring natural 
gas distribution system operators to install fire shutoff 
valves or equivalent technologies.

Section 218. Exemption from post-accident testing.

    This section would require PHMSA, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, to revise its 
regulations to exempt covered employees from post-accident drug 
and alcohol testing in cases where an employee performed the 
covered duties that might be related to the cause of a pipeline 
accident or incident outside of the time frame during which the 
use of prohibited drugs can be detected.

Section 219. Maximum allowable operating pressure records.

    This section would require PHMSA to continue a current 
working group reviewing what historical pipeline testing 
documentation may be adequate to prove the maximum allowable 
operating pressure (MAOP) of older natural gas transmission 
pipelines. This section would require the working group to make 
a recommendation based on that review to PHMSA that may inform 
PHMSA rulemaking to revise the regulations addressing MAOP 
records. This section would temporarily prevent PHMSA from 
requiring an owner or operator of a natural gas transmission 
pipeline to reconfirm MAOP if the operator has records of prior 
testing that demonstrate the appropriate MAOP of such pipeline. 
This pause would be in effect until PHMSA decides whether to 
revise its regulations addressing the records necessary to 
confirm MAOP. However, this section would not amend the current 
deadlines by which operators must comply with MAOP 
reconfirmation requirements.

Section 220. Pipeline operating status.

    This section would require PHMSA to complete an outstanding 
rulemaking from the PIPES Act of 2020 addressing safety 
requirements for idled pipelines within 90 days of enactment.

Section 221. Potential impact radius.

    This section would require PHMSA to review the methodology 
used to determine the potential impact radius of natural gas 
transmission pipelines. As part of that review, PHMSA would 
need to evaluate in a report required to be submitted to 
Congress the available human behavior response data; accident 
data from pipeline incidents going since January 1, 2000; the 
risk of serious injury, death, or damage to property; and the 
unique characteristics of the gas being transported. PHMSA's 
review would include any applicable information and 
recommendations from the National Transportation Safety Board 
(NTSB) or the GAO on this topic. This section would also 
require PHMSA's Accident Investigation Division to identify the 
location and distance outside of a pipeline's calculated 
potential impact radius of any damage that it discovers during 
the agency's future accident investigations. NTSB made a 
recommendation to PHMSA regarding review of potential impact 
radius methodology that PHMSA has begun work on and that this 
section would address. NTSB's recommendation relates to a 2019 
natural gas pipeline accident in Kentucky that resulted in a 
fatality.

Section 222. Effects of weather on natural gas pipelines.

    This section would require PHMSA to complete a review of 
the effects of applicable weather events on natural gas 
pipeline facilities to determine whether such events pose a 
risk to safety. Applicable weather events include Winter Storm 
Uri, Winter Storm Elliott, and ``major disasters'' as defined 
in the Stafford Act that have the potential to impact the 
safety of a natural gas pipeline facility. After the review, 
PHMSA would be required to conduct a review of gas distribution 
integrity management plans for pipelines at increased risk from 
applicable weather events to ensure operators are mitigating 
the risks associated with the applicable weather events.

Section 223. Aldyl-A pipelines.

    This section would require gas distribution operators to 
assess their systems for the presence of Aldyl-A pipeline 
components and to report the estimated total pipeline mileage 
of such to PHMSA within 3 years of enactment. This section 
would address a 2023 natural gas pipeline accident at a factory 
in West Reading, Pennsylvania, that resulted in seven 
fatalities and for which NTSB found an Aldyl-A component was a 
causal factor. Under this section, State programs certified by 
PHMSA and pipeline distribution operators' integrity management 
programs, must both account for pipelines with ``historic 
plastics with known safety issues'' such as Aldyl-A. This 
section would also clarify that PHMSA may not require pipeline 
operators to conduct excavation activities for the purpose of 
the Aldyl-A assessment.

Section 224. Improvements to pipeline safety integrity management 
        programs.

    This section would require PHMSA to conduct research into 
the use of quantitative data and modeling to assess whether the 
use of such data or modeling in pipeline operators' integrity 
management programs would improve the estimation of costs and 
benefits of risk reduction measures.

Section 225. Nonemergency waivers by the Secretary.

    This section would set a timeline by which PHMSA shall 
complete a review of a special permit request or notify the 
applicant that PHMSA needs additional time to review. It would 
also require PHMSA to publicly post the reasons for granting or 
denying a special permit. It also would make technical changes 
to the statute.

             TITLE III--STREAMLINING OVERSIGHT OF PIPELINES

Section 301. Regulatory updates.

    This section would require PHMSA to brief Congress at 
specified intervals on the status of congressionally required 
rulemakings that have not been published by the statutory 
deadlines. This section would also establish that if PHMSA 
fails to update the status of overdue rulemakings on its public 
website at required intervals, the agency may not utilize any 
authorized or appropriated funds to support travel for the 
Administrator or the Deputy Administrator (except in 
emergencies).

Section 302. State use of integrated inspections.

    This section would allow PHMSA to establish a process for 
certified State pipeline safety programs to implement risk-
based integrated inspection programs. Under such programs, 
States would use risk information and data to focus inspection 
resources on pipeline facilities and regulatory requirements 
that have the highest priorities during an inspection. PHMSA 
would be required to review and approve or deny a State's 
application to conduct such a risk-based program and may 
terminate the authority if the Secretary determines that a 
State authority is not adequately carrying out the program. 
Three years after the date on which a State's risk-based 
inspection program is approved, the DOT Inspector General would 
need to review such program to evaluate its safety impacts and 
notify the Secretary and Congress if the Inspector General 
determines a risk-based integrated inspection program is not 
adequate.

Section 303. Optimizing pipeline safety inspections.

    This section would require the GAO to evaluate the 
inspection scheduling and coordination practices and procedures 
between PHMSA, State authorities, and uncertified State 
authorities. GAO's report would include recommendations for 
improving inspection practices and procedures without 
compromising pipeline safety and would be required to be 
submitted to Congress. This section would also require PHMSA to 
publish annually a summary of Federal and State inspections 
conducted each year, including any enforcement actions taken.

Section 304. Sense of Congress on PHMSA engagement prior to rulemaking 
        activities.

    This section would state it is the sense of Congress that, 
where appropriate, PHMSA should engage with a broad range of 
pipeline stakeholder groups, including State pipeline safety 
programs, during the pre-drafting stages of rulemaking 
activities.

              TITLE IV--IMPROVING SAFETY OF EMERGING GASES

Section 401. Studies of hydrogen pipeline transportation.

    This section would require PHMSA to engage a National 
Laboratory to conduct a study of the safety, technical, and 
practical considerations of blending hydrogen into existing 
natural gas systems and to report its findings to Congress. 
This section would also require the GAO to study existing 
natural gas distribution systems that utilize hydrogen-natural 
gas blending applications to identify processes, materials, and 
standards that operators have implemented to operate those 
systems safely. After completion of the studies, PHMSA would be 
required to determine whether any updates to regulations are 
necessary to ensure the safety of natural gas distribution 
systems that intentionally blend hydrogen at levels exceeding 5 
percent. If PHMSA were to determine a rulemaking is not 
necessary, the agency would need to report its rationale to 
Congress.

Section 402. Safety of carbon dioxide pipelines.

    This section would require PHMSA to publish a rule updating 
pipeline safety requirements to ensure the safe transport of 
carbon dioxide in all phases, including gaseous, liquid, and 
supercritical States. The rule required under this section 
would need to include appropriate requirements addressing 
updates to emergency response plans to address any risks unique 
to carbon dioxide pipeline accidents or incidents, minimum 
safety standards addressing vapor dispersion modeling to 
identify high consequence areas, and share information with 
State, local, and Tribal emergency response organizations on 
any risks unique to carbon dioxide incidents. The final rule 
would also need to consider safety-related conditions reporting 
appropriate to any unique safety risks associated with 
transporting carbon dioxide. This section would also require 
PHMSA to engage a National Laboratory to conduct a study 
addressing the use of odorants in carbon dioxide pipelines. 
PHMSA would also be required to provide information to relevant 
emergency responders that is tailored specifically to carbon 
dioxide pipeline releases. In part, this section would address 
risks presented by carbon dioxide pipeline releases, whereby 
when released, it turns into an odorless gas that may travel 
close to the ground. In 2020, a pipeline rupture in Satartia, 
Mississippi, resulted in 45 people being taken to the hospital. 
PHMSA was required to address the safety of gaseous carbon 
dioxide pipelines in the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, 
and Job Creation Act of 2011, but never published the required 
rulemaking. The rulemaking required under this section would 
also satisfy that outstanding 2011 provision.

Section 403. Reporting of blended products.

    This section would require natural gas pipeline operators 
to not less frequently than annually report to PHMSA the 
intentional blending of over 2 percent by volume of non-
predominant products. This section would allow PHMSA to collect 
additional information about the blending of hydrogen into 
natural gas distribution systems.

         TITLE V--IMPROVING EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND TRANSPARENCY

Section 501. Bitumen oil response plan review.

    This section would require the DOT Inspector General to 
review pipeline operators' oil spill response plans for spills 
of diluted bitumen. The Inspector General would need to review 
whether plans include the information necessary to properly 
respond to a spill, as well as the findings from a 2013 DOT 
study addressing the transportation of bitumen required by the 
Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 
2011. This section would require the DOT Inspector General to 
submit a report to Congress that summarizes the findings of its 
review and contains any recommendations for response to bitumen 
spills to the appropriate committees of Congress.

Section 502. National Center of Excellence for Hazardous Liquid 
        Pipeline Leak Detection.

    This section would allow PHMSA to establish the National 
Center of Excellence for Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Leak 
Detection (Center of Excellence). The primary purpose of the 
Center of Excellence would be to conduct research aimed at 
improving leak detection for hazardous liquid pipelines. The 
Center of Excellence would be established in a State within the 
Great Lakes Basin that has an international crude oil pipeline 
crossing through an adjacent Great Lake and which is near a 
university with pipeline safety expertise. This section would 
require PHMSA to submit a report to Congress addressing the 
resources necessary for its establishment and describing how 
its functions would be carried out before establishing the 
Center of Excellence.

Section 503. Operator financial disclosure.

    This section would require pipeline operators filing for 
bankruptcy to notify PHMSA of such filing within 7 days.

Section 504. Data and transparency.

    This section would require PHMSA to publish on its website 
1 year after the date of enactment and then not less frequently 
than annually summary data of the leaks annually reported by 
operators.

Section 505. Office of Public Engagement.

    This section would authorize PHMSA to establish an Office 
of Public Engagement that would be staffed with the agency's 
current community liaison employees. This section would 
explicitly describe in statute the Office of Public 
Engagement's role and duties. Such duties would include: 
conducting outreach about pipeline safety-related matters; 
making educational materials available addressing PHMSA 
jurisdiction and responsibilities as related to other agency's 
pipeline-related equities; holding public meetings; and 
generally assisting individuals in resolving pipeline safety 
inquiries.

Section 506. Clarification of confirmed discovery.

    This section would require PHMSA to review the definition 
of ``confirmed discovery'' that triggers pipeline operators' 
required reporting of accidents and incidents to the National 
Response Center (NRC). PHMSA would also review historical 
records to evaluate the timeframes within which past accident 
reporting to the NRC has occurred. PHMSA would have to submit a 
report to Congress that provides the findings of its review. 
This section would also allow PHMSA to consider reducing civil 
penalties against operators who report incidents within 10 
minutes of a suspected release, or who voluntarily engage in 
the emergency notification system addressed by section 507 to 
provide timely public alerts.

Section 507. Public alert notification system for pipeline facilities.

    This section would require DOT and the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency to develop voluntary guidance to assist 
owners and operators of pipeline facilities in coordinating 
with State, local, Tribal, and territorial governmental 
entities to make use of existing public alert notification 
systems, such as the Integrated Public Alert and Warning 
System, in the event of a pipeline emergency. This section 
would also require that any relevant procedures voluntarily 
established by an operator be incorporated into the operator's 
response plans.

                        TITLE VI--OTHER MATTERS

Section 601. Prohibition on PHMSA operation, procurement, or 
        contracting action with respect to covered unmanned aircraft 
        systems.

    This section would prohibit PHMSA from operating or 
procuring UAS from a ``covered foreign country.'' Any UAS PHMSA 
uses would have to be manufactured in the United States. This 
section would require PHMSA to submit a report to Congress 
generally addressing the status of its UAS use and any changes 
it has made to its UAS program to comply with the requirements 
of this section.

Section 602. Natural gas distribution pipeline infrastructure safety 
        and modernization grants.

    This section would authorize $75 million for fiscal years 
2027 through 2030 for PHMSA's Natural Gas Distribution 
Infrastructure Safety and Modernization (NGDISM) program. The 
NGDISM program was created by an appropriation in the 
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act\16\ but has never been 
authorized. Under this section, community- or municipality-
owned natural gas distribution operators would be eligible to 
apply for grants to repair or improve natural gas distribution 
systems for the purpose of improving safety.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \16\Public Law 117-58.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section 603. Issues affecting federally recognized Indian Tribes.

    This section would update various existing provisions in 
the Federal pipeline safety laws to add references to Tribal 
notice, consultation, and coordination. This section would 
attempt to place Indian Tribes on equal footing with other 
State, local, and Federal Government entities where referenced 
throughout the code as appropriate and would require that 
notifications made to other relevant governmental entities are 
also made to affected Tribes.

Section 604. Identification of and justification for redactions.

    This section would require that if PHMSA redacts any 
portion of a document produced to another person, including the 
relevant congressional committees of jurisdiction, that the 
agency must cite a specific statute authorizing the withholding 
of the information redacted.

Section 605. Fees for loan guarantees.

    This section would authorize the Secretary of Energy to 
collect fees from qualified project applicants to cover the 
administrative expenses incurred by the Department of Energy to 
administer loan guarantees for liquefied natural gas projects 
from Alaska.

Section 606. Improving pipeline cybersecurity.

    This section would require the Transportation Security 
Administration (TSA) to publish a final rule related to the 
cybersecurity of pipelines, for which TSA has already issued a 
proposed rulemaking. A 2023 ransomware attack on Colonial 
Pipeline shut down a pipeline responsible for transporting a 
significant portion of the fuel consumed on the East Coast. In 
response, TSA created temporary cybersecurity requirements. 
This section would require TSA to publish a final rule 
promulgating cybersecurity requirements to protect against 
future cyber attacks.

Section 607. Technical corrections.

    This section would include various technical corrections to 
ensure proper formatting and cross-references of the 
definitions section in 49 U.S.C. 60101(a). This section would 
also delete a reference to a report that was required to be 
submitted to Congress 25 years ago.

                        Changes in Existing Law

    In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
material is printed in italic, existing law in which no change 
is proposed is shown in roman):

                          UNITED STATES CODE

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                          TITLE 46--SHIPPING

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

              Subtitle VII--Security and Drug Enforcement

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                CHAPTER 700--PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

               Subchapter II--Ports and Waterways Safety

Sec. 70011. * * *

Sec. 70012. Navigational hazards

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) Pipeline Defined.--For purposes of this section, the term 
``pipeline'' has the meaning given the term ``pipeline 
facility'' in [section 60101(a)(18)] section 60101(a) of title 
49.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                       TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

               Subtitle I--Department of Transportation

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                        CHAPTER 1--ORGANIZATION

           *       *       *       *       *       *       * 

Sec. 108. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

  (a) In General.--The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
Administration (referred to in this section as the 
``Administration'') shall be an administration in the 
Department of Transportation.
  (b) * * *
  (c) Administrator.--The head of the Administration shall be 
the Administrator (referred to in this section as the 
``Administrator''), who shall be appointed by the President, by 
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall be an 
individual with professional experience in pipeline safety, 
hazardous materials safety, or other transportation safety. The 
Administrator shall report directly to the Secretary of 
Transportation.
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) * * *
  (h) Office of Public Engagement.--
          (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                  (A) Appropriate committees of congress.--The 
                term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' has 
                the meaning given the term in section 2 of the 
                PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025.
                  (B) Director.--The term ``Director'' means 
                the Director of the Office.
                  (C) Office.--The term ``Office'' means the 
                Office of Public Engagement of the 
                Administration established under paragraph (2).
          (2) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator 
        shall establish within the Administration an office, to 
        be known as the ``Office of Public Engagement''.
          (3) Director.--The Office shall be headed by a 
        Director, who shall--
                  (A) report to the Associate Administrator for 
                Pipeline Safety; and
                  (B) be responsible for the discharge of the 
                functions and duties of the Office.
          (4) Employees.--The Director shall--
                  (A) appoint and assign the duties of 
                employees of the Office; and
                  (B) prioritize the hiring of individuals who 
                have experience in community engagement, 
                including working with the public, State, local 
                and Tribal governments, and pipeline safety 
                public interest groups.
          (5) Community liaisons.--The Director shall appoint 
        agency community liaison personnel employed as of the 
        date on which the Office is established as employees of 
        the Office.
          (6) Duties and functions of the office.--
                  (A) Coordination of assistance.--The Director 
                shall coordinate the provision of technical 
                assistance and educational assistance to the 
                public with respect to the authorities 
                exercised by the Administration.
                  (B) Public engagement.--The Director shall 
                coordinate active and ongoing engagement with 
                the public with respect to the authority and 
                activities of the Administration, including 
                by--
                          (i) conducting--
                                  (I) outreach, which may 
                                include public postings, 
                                signage at relevant physical 
                                locations, newspaper 
                                publications, mailings, phone 
                                calls, canvassing, and door 
                                hangers, to communities using 
                                varied media; and
                                  (II) when appropriate, 
                                meetings;
                          (ii) assisting individuals in 
                        resolving pipeline safety inquiries;
                          (iii) making publicly available, and 
                        disseminating, information on the 
                        manner in which members of the public 
                        may file inquiries relating to pipeline 
                        safety;
                          (iv) assisting individuals in 
                        contacting, as necessary, the Federal 
                        Energy Regulatory Commission, State 
                        agencies, and other agencies, in order 
                        to appropriately direct public 
                        inquiries that are not within the 
                        jurisdiction of the Administration to 
                        the relevant agency; and
                          (v) preparing, and making publicly 
                        available in accessible formats, 
                        educational materials about the 
                        Administration, the responsibilities of 
                        the Administration, and how those 
                        responsibilities interact with entities 
                        under the jurisdiction of the 
                        Administration and other Federal, 
                        State, local, or Tribal government 
                        agencies.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                    Subtitle VII--Aviation Programs

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                    PART A--AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                          Subpart III--Safety

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                CHAPTER 448--UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

Sec. 44815. Prohibition on PHMSA operation, procurement, or contracting 
                    action with respect to covered unmanned aircraft 
                    systems

  (a) Definitions.--In this section:
          (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' 
        means the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
        Administration.
          (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means 
        the Administrator of the Administration.
          (3) Covered foreign country.--The term ``covered 
        foreign country'' means any of the following:
                  (A) The People's Republic of China.
                  (B) The Russian Federation.
                  (C) The Islamic Republic of Iran.
                  (D) The Democratic People's Republic of 
                Korea.
                  (E) The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
                  (F) The Republic of Cuba.
          (4) Covered unmanned aircraft system.--The term 
        ``covered unmanned aircraft system'' means an unmanned 
        aircraft system that is, or is owned by an entity that 
        is--
                  (A) included on the Consolidated Screening 
                List or Entity List as designated by the 
                Secretary of Commerce;
                  (B) domiciled in a covered foreign country; 
                or
                  (C) subject to influence or control by the 
                government of a covered foreign country.
  (b) Restrictions.--Subject to subsection (c), the 
Administrator shall not--
          (1) operate a covered unmanned aircraft system; or
          (2) enter into, extend, or renew a contract--
                  (A) for the procurement of a covered unmanned 
                aircraft system; or
                  (B) with an entity that operates (as 
                determined by the Secretary of Transportation) 
                a covered unmanned aircraft system in the 
                performance of any Administration contract.
  (c) Exemption.--The restrictions under subsection (b) shall 
not apply if the operation, procurement, or contracting action 
is for the purpose of intelligence, electronic warfare, and 
information warfare operations, testing, analysis, and 
training.
  (d) Waiver.--The Administrator may waive the restrictions 
under subsection (b) on a case by case basis by certifying, in 
writing, to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the 
appropriate committees of Congress that the operation, 
procurement, or contracting action is required in the public 
interest of the United States.
  (e) Replacement of Covered Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
Subject to available appropriations, not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator 
shall replace any covered unmanned aircraft system that is 
owned or operated by the Administration as of that date of 
enactment with an unmanned aircraft system manufactured in the 
United States or an allied country (as defined in section 
2350f(d) of title 10).
  (f) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that 
includes--
          (1) a description of the changes the Administration 
        has made to its operation, procurement, and contracting 
        processes to ensure that the Administration does not 
        acquire any covered unmanned aircraft system;
          (2) the number of covered unmanned aircraft systems 
        that needed to be replaced in accordance with 
        subsection (e), including--
                  (A) an explanation of the purposes for which 
                such covered unmanned aircraft systems were 
                used;
                  (B) a description of the unmanned aircraft 
                systems that the Administrator will purchase to 
                replace such covered unmanned aircraft systems; 
                and
                  (C) the cost to purchase the unmanned 
                aircraft systems described in subparagraph (B); 
                and
          (3) any other information determined appropriate by 
        the Administrator.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                       Subtitle VIII--Pipelines

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                          CHAPTER 601--SAFETY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

Sec. 60101. Definitions

  (a) General.--In this [chapter--] chapter:
          [(1) ``existing liquefied natural gas facility''--
                  [(A) means]
          (1) Existing liquefied natural gas facility.--
                  (A) In general.--The term ``existing 
                liquefied natural gas facility'' means a 
                liquefied natural gas facility for which an 
                application to approve the site, construction, 
                or operation of the facility was filed before 
                March 1, 1978, with--
                          (i) the Federal Energy Regulatory 
                        Commission (or any predecessor); or
                          (ii) the appropriate State or local 
                        authority, if the facility is not 
                        subject to the jurisdiction of the 
                        Commission under the Natural Gas Act 
                        (15 U.S.C. 717 et seq.)[; but].
                  [(B) does not]
                  (B) Exclusions.--The term ``existing 
                liquefied natural gas facility'' does not 
                include a facility on which construction is 
                begun after November 29, 1979, without the 
                approval described in subparagraph (A)[;].
          (2) Gas._The term ``gas'' means natural gas, 
        flammable gas, or toxic or corrosive gas[;].
          (3) Gas pipeline facility._The term ``gas pipeline 
        facility'' includes a pipeline, a right of way, a 
        facility, a building, or equipment used in transporting 
        gas or treating gas during its transportation[;].
          (4) Hazardous liquid._The term ``hazardous liquid'' 
        means--
                  (A) petroleum or a petroleum product;
                  (B) nonpetroleum fuel, including biofuel, 
                that is flammable, toxic, or corrosive or would 
                be harmful to the environment if released in 
                significant quantities; and
                  (C) a substance the Secretary of 
                Transportation decides may pose an unreasonable 
                risk to life or property when transported by a 
                hazardous liquid pipeline facility in a liquid 
                state (except for liquefied natural gas)[;].
          (5) Hazardous liquid pipeline facility._The term 
        ``hazardous liquid pipeline facility'' includes a 
        pipeline, a right of way, a facility, a building, or 
        equipment used or intended to be used in transporting 
        hazardous liquid[;].
          (6) Interstate gas pipeline facility._The term 
        ``interstate gas pipeline facility'' means a gas 
        pipeline facility--
                  (A) used to transport gas; and
                  (B) subject to the jurisdiction of the 
                Commission under the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 
                717 et seq.)[;].
          (7) Interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facility._
        The term ``interstate hazardous liquid pipeline 
        facility'' means a hazardous liquid pipeline facility 
        used to transport hazardous liquid in interstate or 
        foreign commerce[;].
          (8) Interstate or foreign commerce._The term 
        ``interstate or foreign commerce''--
                  (A) related to gas, means commerce--
                          (i) between a place in a State and a 
                        place outside that State; or
                          (ii) that affects any commerce 
                        described in subclause (A)(i) of this 
                        clause; and
                  (B) related to hazardous liquid, means 
                commerce between--
                          (i) a place in a State and a place 
                        outside that State; or
                          (ii) places in the same State through 
                        a place outside the State[;].
          (9) Intrastate gas pipeline facility._The term 
        ``intrastate gas pipeline facility'' means a gas 
        pipeline facility and transportation of gas within a 
        State not subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission 
        under the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717 et seq.)[;].
          (10) Intrastate hazardous liquid pipeline facility._
        The term ``intrastate hazardous liquid pipeline 
        facility'' means a hazardous liquid pipeline facility 
        that is not an interstate hazardous liquid pipeline 
        facility[;].
          (11) Liquefied natural gas._The term ``liquefied 
        natural gas'' means natural gas in a liquid or 
        semisolid state[;].
          (12) Liquefied natural gas accident._The term 
        ``liquefied natural gas accident'' means a release, 
        burning, or explosion of liquefied natural gas from any 
        cause, except a release, burning, or explosion that, 
        under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, does not 
        pose a threat to public health or safety, property, or 
        the environment[;].
          (13) Liquefied natural gas conversion._The term 
        ``liquefied natural gas conversion'' means conversion 
        of natural gas into liquefied natural gas or conversion 
        of liquefied natural gas into natural gas[;].
          [(14) ``liquefied natural gas pipeline facility''--
                  [(A) means]
          (14) Liquefied natural gas pipeline facility.--
                  (A) In general.--The term ``liquefied natural 
                gas pipeline facility'' means a gas pipeline 
                facility used for transporting or storing 
                liquefied natural gas, or for liquefied natural 
                gas conversion, in interstate or foreign 
                commerce[; but].
                  [(B) does not]
                  (B) Exclusions.--The term ``liquefied natural 
                gas pipeline facility'' does not include any 
                part of a structure or equipment located in 
                navigable waters (as defined in section 3 of 
                the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796))[;].
          (15) Municipality._The term ``municipality'' means a 
        political subdivision of a State[;].
          (16) New liquefied natural gas pipeline facility._The 
        term ``new liquefied natural gas pipeline facility'' 
        means a liquefied natural gas pipeline facility except 
        an existing liquefied natural gas pipeline facility[;].
          (17) Nonpublic information.--The term ``nonpublic 
        information'' means any pipeline safety data or 
        information, regardless of form or format, that--
                  (A) a company does not disclose, disseminate, 
                or make available to the public; or
                  (B) is not otherwise in the public domain.
          [(17)](18) Person._The term ``person'', in addition 
        to its meaning under section 1 of title 1 (except as to 
        societies), includes a State, a municipality, and a 
        trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal representative 
        of a person[;].
          [(18)](19) Pipeline facility._The term ``pipeline 
        facility'' means a gas pipeline facility and a 
        hazardous liquid pipeline facility[;].
          [(19)](20) Pipeline transportation._The term 
        ``pipeline transportation'' means transporting gas and 
        transporting hazardous liquid[;].
          (21) Public information.--The term ``public 
        information'' means any data or information, regardless 
        of form or format, that--
                  (A) a company discloses, disseminates, or 
                makes available to the public; or
                  (B) is otherwise in the public domain.
          [(23)](22) Risk management._The term ``risk 
        management'' means the systematic application, by the 
        owner or operator of a pipeline facility, of management 
        policies, procedures, finite resources, and practices 
        to the tasks of identifying, analyzing, assessing, 
        reducing, and controlling risk in order to protect 
        employees, the general public, the environment, and 
        pipeline facilities[;].
          [(24)](23) Risk management plan._The term ``risk 
        management plan'' means a management plan utilized by a 
        gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility owner or 
        operator that encompasses risk management[;].
          [(25)](24) Secretary._The term ``Secretary'' means 
        the Secretary of Transportation[; and].
          [(20)](25) State._The term ``State'' means a State of 
        the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto 
        Rico[;].
          [(21)][(26) ``transporting gas''--
                  [(A) means]
          (26) Transporting gas.--
                  (A) In general.--The term ``transporting 
                gas'' means--
                          (i) the gathering, transmission, or 
                        distribution of gas by pipeline, or the 
                        storage of gas, in interstate or 
                        foreign commerce; and
                          (ii) the movement of gas through 
                        regulated gathering lines[; but].
                  [(B) does not include gathering gas (except 
                through regulated gathering lines) in a rural 
                area outside a populated area designated by the 
                Secretary as a nonrural area;]
                  (B) Exclusions.--The term ``transporting 
                gas'' does not include--
                          (i) gathering gas (except through 
                        regulated gathering lines) in a rural 
                        area outside a populated area 
                        designated by the Secretary as a 
                        nonrural area; or
                          (ii) the movement of gas by the owner 
                        or operator of a plant for use as a 
                        fuel, a feedstock, or for any other 
                        purpose that directly supports plant 
                        operations through--
                                  (I) in-plant piping systems 
                                that are located entirely on 
                                the grounds of the plant; or
                                  (II) transfer piping systems 
                                that extend less than 1 mile in 
                                length outside the grounds of 
                                the plant.
          [(22)][(27) ``transporting hazardous liquid''--
                  [(A) means]
          (27) Transporting hazardous liquid.--
                  (A) In general.--The term ``transporting 
                hazardous liquid'' means--
                          (i) the movement of hazardous liquid 
                        by pipeline, or the storage of 
                        hazardous liquid incidental to the 
                        movement of hazardous liquid by 
                        pipeline, in or affecting interstate or 
                        foreign commerce; and
                          (ii) the movement of hazardous liquid 
                        through regulated gathering lines[; 
                        but].
                  [(B) does not]
                  (B) Exclusions.--The term ``transporting 
                hazardous liquid'' does not include moving 
                hazardous liquid through--
                          (i) gathering lines (except regulated 
                        gathering lines) in a rural area;
                          (ii) onshore production, refining, or 
                        manufacturing facilities; or
                          (iii) storage or in-plant piping 
                        systems associated with onshore 
                        production, refining, or manufacturing 
                        facilities[;].
          [(26)](28) Underground natural gas storage facility._
        The term ``underground natural gas storage facility'' 
        means a gas pipeline facility that stores natural gas 
        in an underground facility, including--
                  (A) a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir;
                  (B) an aquifer reservoir; or
                  (C) a solution-mined salt cavern reservoir.
  (b) * * *
  (c) Indian and Tribal Definitions.--In this chapter:
          (1) Indian land.--The term ``Indian land'' has the 
        meaning given the term ``Indian lands'' in section 4 of 
        the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2703).
          (2) Indian Tribe.--The term ``Indian Tribe'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
        5304).

Sec. 60102. Purpose and general authority

  (a) * * *
  (b) Practicability and Safety Needs Standards.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) Review.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                          (i) submit any risk assessment 
                        information prepared under paragraph 
                        (3) of this subsection to the Technical 
                        Pipeline Safety Standards Committee, 
                        the Technical Hazardous Liquid Pipeline 
                        Safety Standards Committee, or both, as 
                        appropriate; [and]
                          (ii) make that risk assessment 
                        information available to the general 
                        public[.]; and
                          (iii) require that an officer or 
                        employee of the Department of 
                        Transportation with expertise in 
                        conducting risk assessments or cost-
                        benefit analyses for pipeline 
                        facilities or other modes of 
                        transportation attend any meeting in 
                        which a committee described in clause 
                        (i) is serving as a peer review panel 
                        with respect to that risk assessment 
                        information.
                  (B) * * *
                  (C) * * *
          (5) * * *
          (6) * * *
          [(7) Report.--Not later than March 31, 2000, the 
        Secretary shall transmit to the Congress a report 
        that--
                  [(A) describes the implementation of the risk 
                assessment requirements of this section, 
                including the extent to which those 
                requirements have affected regulatory 
                decisionmaking and pipeline safety; and
                  [(B) includes any recommendations that the 
                Secretary determines would make the risk 
                assessment process conducted pursuant to the 
                requirements under this chapter a more 
                effective means of assessing the benefits and 
                costs associated with alternative regulatory 
                and nonregulatory options in prescribing 
                standards under the Federal pipeline safety 
                regulatory program under this chapter.]
  (c) Public Safety Program Requirements.--(1) * * *
  (2) * * *
  (3) * * *
  (4) Promoting public awareness.--
          (A) Not later than one year after the date of 
        enactment of the Accountable Pipeline Safety and 
        Accountability Act of 1996, and annually thereafter, 
        the owner or operator of each interstate gas pipeline 
        facility shall provide to the governing body of each 
        municipality in which the interstate gas pipeline 
        facility is [located,] located and any affected Indian 
        Tribe a map identifying the location of such facility.
          (B)(i) * * *
          (ii) * * *
  (d) Facility Operation Information Standards.--The Secretary 
shall prescribe minimum standards requiring an operator of a 
pipeline facility subject to this chapter to maintain, to the 
extent practicable, information related to operating the 
facility as required by the standards prescribed under this 
chapter and, when requested, to make the information available 
to the Secretary [and an appropriate State official as 
determined by the Secretary], an appropriate State official (as 
determined by the Secretary), and an appropriate Tribal 
official (as determined by the Secretary) from any affected 
Indian Tribe. The information shall include--
          (1) the business name, address, and telephone number, 
        including an operations emergency telephone number, of 
        the operator;
          (2) accurate maps and a supplementary geographic 
        description, including an identification of areas 
        described in regulations prescribed under section 60109 
        of this title, that show the location in the State or, 
        with respect to an affected Indian Tribe, on affected 
        Indian land, of--
                  (A) major gas pipeline facilities of the 
                operator, including transmission lines and 
                significant distribution lines; and
                  (B) major hazardous liquid pipeline 
                facilities of the operator;
          (3) a description of--
                  (A) the characteristics of the operator's 
                pipelines in the State; and
                  (B) products transported through the 
                operator's pipelines in the State;
          (4) the manual that governs operating and maintaining 
        pipeline facilities in the State;
          (5) an emergency response plan describing the 
        operator's procedures for responding to and containing 
        releases, including--
                  (A) identifying specific action the operator 
                will take on discovering a release;
                  (B) liaison procedures with State and local 
                authorities and Tribal officials from any 
                affected Indian Tribe for emergency response; 
                and
                  (C) communication and alert procedures for 
                immediately notifying State and local officials 
                and Tribal officials from any affected Indian 
                Tribe at the time of a release; and
          (6) other information the Secretary considers useful 
        to inform a State or an affected Indian Tribe of the 
        presence of pipeline facilities and operations in the 
        State or on affected Indian land.
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) * * *
  (h) Safety Condition Reports.--(1) * * *
  (2) Submission of report.--As soon as practicable, but not 
later than 5 business days, after a representative of a person 
to whom this section applies first establishes that a condition 
described in paragraph (1) exists, the operator shall submit 
the report required under that paragraph to--
          (A) the Secretary;
          (B) the appropriate State authority or, where no 
        appropriate State authority exists, to the Governor of 
        a State where the subject of the Safety Related 
        Condition report occurred; and
          (C) [the appropriate Tribe] any affected Indian Tribe 
        with respect to the location where the subject of the 
        Safety Related Condition report occurred.
  (3) Submission of report to other entities.--Upon request, a 
State authority or a Governor that receives a report submitted 
under this subsection may submit the report to any relevant 
emergency response or planning entity, including any--
          (A) State emergency response commission established 
        pursuant to section 301 of the Emergency Planning and 
        Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001);
          (B) Tribal emergency response commission or emergency 
        planning committee (as defined in part 355 of title 40, 
        Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor 
        regulation)) or Tribal official if no such commission 
        or committee exists;
          (C) local emergency planning committee established 
        pursuant to section 301 of the Emergency Planning and 
        Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001); 
        or
          (D) other public agency responsible for emergency 
        response.
  (i) * * *
  (j) * * *
  (k) * * *
  [(l) Updating Standards.--The Secretary shall, to the extent 
appropriate and practicable, update incorporated industry 
standards that have been adopted as part of the Federal 
pipeline safety regulatory program under this chapter.]
  (l) Updating Standards.--
          (1) In general.--Not less frequently than once every 
        5 years, the Secretary shall--
                  (A) review each industry consensus standard--
                          (i) that has been adopted or 
                        incorporated, partially or in full, as 
                        part of the Federal pipeline safety 
                        regulatory program under this chapter;
                          (ii) that has been modified by a 
                        standards development organization (as 
                        defined in section 2(a) of the National 
                        Cooperative Research and Production Act 
                        of 1993 (15 U.S.C. 4301(a))) since 
                        being adopted or incorporated; and
                          (iii) the modification of which has 
                        been published by a standards 
                        development organization (as defined in 
                        that section); and
                  (B) update, as determined necessary by the 
                Secretary, the adoption or incorporation of 
                each industry consensus standard reviewed under 
                subparagraph (A).
          (2) List of industry standards.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall maintain 
                a publicly available list of all industry 
                standards considered for adoption or 
                incorporation under this chapter, including--
                          (i) the determination of the 
                        Secretary with respect to each standard 
                        considered; and
                          (ii) with respect to each standard 
                        not adopted or incorporated in full, 
                        the reasoning for not adopting or 
                        incorporating that standard in full.
                  (B) Availability.--Not later than 30 days 
                after initial completion and each revision of 
                the list under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
                shall publish the list on the public website of 
                the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                Administration.
          (3) Consideration of industry consensus standards.--
        In prescribing new safety standards under this chapter, 
        the Secretary shall consider adopting or incorporating 
        industry consensus standards.
          (4) Public access.--
                  (A) In general.--For all industry consensus 
                standards incorporated or partially 
                incorporated under this chapter on or after the 
                date of enactment of the PIPELINE Safety Act of 
                2025, the Secretary shall publish on the public 
                website of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
                Safety Administration the full text of the 
                standard or a direct link to an external source 
                where the full text is available to the public 
                on a website to view at no cost for the 
                duration of time that the Secretary has the 
                incorporation by reference available for public 
                comment.
                  (B) Exception.--If the full text of an 
                industry consensus standard is not published on 
                the public website of the Pipeline and 
                Hazardous Materials Safety Administration or 
                available from that website via a direct link 
                to an external source where the full text is 
                available to the public on a website to view at 
                no cost for the duration of time that the 
                Secretary has the incorporation by reference 
                available for public comment, then the 
                Secretary shall not incorporate or partially 
                incorporate under this chapter that industry 
                consensus standard by reference.
                  (C) Previously incorporated standards.--For 
                industry consensus standards incorporated or 
                partially incorporated under this chapter 
                before the date of enactment of the PIPELINE 
                Safety Act of 2025 that are publicly available 
                on a public-facing website at no charge to the 
                public, the Secretary shall publish on the 
                public website of the Pipeline and Hazardous 
                Materials Safety Administration the full text 
                of the standard or a direct link to an external 
                source where the full text is available to the 
                public on a website.
  (m) * * *
  (n) * * *
  (o) * * *
  (p) * * *
  (q) Gas Pipeline Leak Detection and Repair.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall 
        promulgate final regulations that require operators of 
        regulated gathering lines (as defined pursuant to 
        subsection (b) of section 60101 for purposes of 
        [subsection (a)(21)] subsection (a)(26) of that 
        section) in a Class 2 location, Class 3 location, or 
        Class 4 location, as determined under section 192.5 of 
        title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, operators of new 
        and existing gas transmission pipeline facilities, and 
        operators of new and existing gas distribution pipeline 
        facilities to conduct leak detection and repair 
        programs--
                  (A) to meet the need for gas pipeline safety, 
                as determined by the Secretary; and
                  (B) to protect the environment.
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
  (r) Emergency Response Plans.--Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall 
update regulations to ensure that each emergency response plan 
developed by an operator of a distribution system under 
subsection (d)(5), includes written procedures for--
          (1) establishing communication with first responders 
        and other relevant public officials, including Tribal 
        officials, as soon as practicable, beginning from the 
        time of confirmed discovery, as determined by the 
        Secretary, by the operator of a gas pipeline emergency 
        involving a release of gas from a distribution system 
        of that operator that results in--
                  (A) a fire related to an unintended release 
                of gas;
                  (B) an explosion;
                  (C) 1 or more fatalities; or
                  (D) the unscheduled release of gas and 
                shutdown of gas service to a significant number 
                of customers, as determined by the Secretary;
          (2) establishing general public communication through 
        an appropriate channel--
                  (A) as soon as practicable, as determined by 
                the Secretary, after a gas pipeline emergency 
                described in paragraph (1); and
                  (B) that provides information regarding--
                          (i) the emergency described in 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                          (ii) the status of public safety; and
                  (3) the development and implementation of a 
                voluntary, opt-in system that would allow 
                operators of distribution systems to rapidly 
                communicate with customers in the event of an 
                emergency.
  (s) * * *
  (t) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

Sec. 60105. State pipeline safety program certifications

  (a) * * *
  (b) Contents.--Each certification submitted under subsection 
(a) of this section shall state that the State authority--
          (1) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
          (5) * * *
          (6) * * *
          (7) * * *
          (8) * * *
          (9) has a sufficient number of employees described in 
        paragraph (3) to ensure safe operations of pipeline 
        facilities, updating the State Inspection Calculation 
        Tool to take into account factors including--
                  (A) the number of miles of natural gas and 
                hazardous liquid pipelines in the State, 
                including the number of miles [of cast iron and 
                bare steel pipelines] of--
                          (i) cast iron and bare steel 
                        pipelines; and
                          (ii) pipelines constructed of 
                        historic plastics with known safety 
                        issues;
                  (B) the number of services in the State;
                  (C) the age of the gas distribution system in 
                the State; and
                  (D) environmental factors that could impact 
                the integrity of the pipeline, including 
                relevant geological issues.
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) State Use of Integrated Inspections.--
          (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                  (A) Appropriate committees of congress.--The 
                term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' has 
                the meaning given the term in section 2 of the 
                PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025.
                  (B) Inspector general.--The term ``Inspector 
                General'' means the Inspector General of the 
                Department of Transportation.
                  (C) Risk-based integrated inspection 
                program.--The term ``risk-based integrated 
                inspection program'' means an inspection 
                program that uses risk information and data to 
                focus inspection resources on pipeline 
                facilities and regulatory requirements that 
                have the highest priority during an inspection.
          (2) Authorization.--Subject to all other applicable 
        provisions of this section, with the written agreement 
        of the Secretary and a State authority certified under 
        this section, which may be in the form of a memorandum 
        of understanding, the Secretary may authorize, and the 
        State authority may carry out, a risk-based integrated 
        inspection program.
          (3) Procedural and substantive requirements.--A State 
        authority that is authorized to carry out a risk-based 
        integrated inspection program--
                  (A) shall be subject to the same procedural 
                and substantive requirements that would apply 
                if the Secretary were carrying out the program; 
                and
                  (B) shall ensure--
                          (i) that no pipeline system goes 
                        without inspection for more than 5 
                        years; and
                          (ii) that unsatisfactory conditions 
                        found in inspections are addressed in a 
                        timely manner.
          (4) Application and criteria.--Not later than 1 year 
        after the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
        Secretary shall establish procedures and criteria for 
        State authorities to apply to carry out a risk-based 
        integrated inspection program pursuant to this 
        subsection.
          (5) Evaluation timeline.--
                  (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after 
                receiving an application from a State authority 
                to carry out a risk-based integrated inspection 
                program under this subsection, the Secretary 
                shall--
                          (i) review the application; and
                          (ii) approve or deny the application.
                  (B) Explanation of denial.--If the Secretary 
                denies an application submitted by a State 
                authority under this subsection, the Secretary 
                shall provide an explanation to the State 
                authority of--
                          (i) why the Secretary denied the 
                        application; and
                          (ii) changes that the State authority 
                        could make to the application that 
                        would result in the Secretary approving 
                        the application.
          (6) Review of programs.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                establish a process to review the 
                implementation of a risk-based integrated 
                inspection program by a State authority.
                  (B) Review by inspector general.--
                          (i) In general.--The Inspector 
                        General shall--
                                  (I) review each risk-based 
                                integrated inspection program 
                                authorized by the Secretary 
                                under this subsection not later 
                                than 3 years after the date on 
                                which the relevant application 
                                is approved to determine 
                                whether the program meets the 
                                needs of pipeline safety; and
                                  (II) submit to the Secretary 
                                and the appropriate committees 
                                of Congress a report on that 
                                review.
                          (ii) Requirement.--If the Inspector 
                        General determines that a risk-based 
                        integrated inspection program is not 
                        adequate and should be terminated, the 
                        Inspector General shall notify the 
                        Secretary and the appropriate 
                        committees of Congress.
          (7) Termination.--
                  (A) Termination by the secretary.--The 
                Secretary may terminate an authorization for a 
                State authority to carry out a risk-based 
                integrated inspection program if--
                          (i) the Secretary determines that the 
                        State authority is not adequately 
                        carrying out the program;
                          (ii) the Secretary provides to the 
                        State authority--
                                  (I) a notification of the 
                                intent of the Secretary to 
                                terminate the authorization for 
                                the State authority to carry 
                                out a risk-based integrated 
                                inspection program;
                                  (II) a period of not less 
                                than 120 days to take such 
                                corrective action as the 
                                Secretary determines to be 
                                necessary to comply with the 
                                requirements of this section; 
                                and
                                  (III) on request of the State 
                                authority, a detailed 
                                description of the aspects of 
                                the program that are 
                                inadequate; and
                          (iii) the State authority, after the 
                        notification described in clause 
                        (ii)(I), fails to take satisfactory 
                        corrective action in accordance with 
                        clause (ii)(II) before the expiration 
                        of the period provided under that 
                        clause.
                  (B) Termination by a state authority.--A 
                State authority may terminate its authority to 
                carry out a risk-based integrated inspection 
                program at any time by providing to the 
                Secretary a notice not later than 90 days 
                before the date of termination.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

Sec. 60108. Inspection and maintenance

  (a) Plans.--[(1) Each]
          (1) In general.--Each person owning or operating a 
        gas pipeline facility or hazardous liquid pipeline 
        facility shall carry out a current written plan 
        (including any changes) for inspection and maintenance 
        of each facility used in the transportation and owned 
        or operated by the person. A copy of the plan shall be 
        kept at any office of the person the Secretary of 
        Transportation considers appropriate. The Secretary 
        also may require a person owning or operating a 
        pipeline facility subject to this chapter to file a 
        plan for inspection and maintenance for approval.
  [(2) If]
          (2) Revision.--If the Secretary or a State authority 
        responsible for enforcing standards prescribed under 
        this chapter decides that a plan required under 
        paragraph (1) of this subsection is inadequate for safe 
        operation, the Secretary or authority shall require the 
        person to revise the plan. Revision may be required 
        only after giving notice and an opportunity for a 
        hearing. A plan required under paragraph (1) must be 
        practicable and designed to meet the need for pipeline 
        safety, must meet the requirements of any regulations 
        promulgated under section 60102(q), and must include 
        terms designed to enhance the ability to discover 
        safety-related conditions described in section 
        60102(h)(1) of this title. In deciding on the adequacy 
        of a plan, the Secretary or authority shall consider--
                  (A) relevant available pipeline safety 
                information;
                  (B) the appropriateness of the plan for the 
                particular kind of pipeline transportation or 
                facility;
                  (C) the reasonableness of the plan;
                  (D) the extent to which the plan will 
                contribute to--
                          (i) public safety;
                          (ii) eliminating hazardous leaks and 
                        minimizing releases of natural gas from 
                        pipeline facilities; [and]
                          (iii) the protection of the 
                        environment; and
                          (iv) mitigation of threats posed by 
                        geological hazards; and
                  (E) the extent to which the plan addresses 
                the replacement or remediation of pipelines 
                that are known to leak based on the material 
                (including cast iron, unprotected steel, 
                wrought iron, and historic plastics with known 
                issues), design, or past operating and 
                maintenance history of the pipeline.
          (3) Review of plans.--
                  (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after 
                the date of enactment of this subparagraph, and 
                not less frequently than once every 5 years 
                thereafter, the Secretary or relevant State 
                authority with a certification in effect under 
                section 60105 shall review each plan described 
                in this subsection.
                  (B) Context of review.--The Secretary may 
                conduct a review under this paragraph as an 
                element of the inspection of the operator 
                carried out by the Secretary under subsection 
                (b).
                  (C) Inadequate programs.--If the Secretary 
                determines that a plan reviewed under this 
                paragraph does not comply with the requirements 
                of this chapter (including any regulations 
                promulgated under this chapter), has not been 
                adequately implemented, is inadequate for the 
                safe operation of a pipeline facility, or is 
                otherwise inadequate, the Secretary may conduct 
                enforcement proceedings under this chapter.
          (4) Alternative methods of maintaining rights-of-
        way.--
                  (A) In general.--As part of the review 
                conducted under paragraph (3), the Secretary 
                shall allow for an alternative method of 
                maintaining rights-of-way for pipelines and 
                other pipeline facilities under a voluntary 
                program carried out by the operator if the 
                Secretary determines that the alternative 
                method--
                          (i) achieves a level of safety at 
                        least equal to the level of safety 
                        required by the regulations promulgated 
                        under this chapter; and
                          (ii) allows for timely emergency 
                        response.
                  (B) Purpose.--An operator considering 
                implementing an alternative method described in 
                subparagraph (A) may consider incorporating 
                into the plan for implementing that method 1 or 
                more conservation practices, including--
                          (i) integrated vegetation management 
                        practices, including reduced mowing;
                          (ii) the development of habitat and 
                        forage for pollinators and other 
                        wildlife through seeding or planting of 
                        diverse native forbs and grasses;
                          (iii) practices relating to 
                        maintenance strategies that promote 
                        early successional vegetation or limit 
                        disturbance during periods of highest 
                        use by target pollinator species and 
                        other wildlife on pipeline or facility 
                        rights-of-way, including--
                                  (I) increasing mowing height;
                                  (II) reducing mowing 
                                frequency; and
                                  (III) refraining from mowing 
                                monarch and other pollinator 
                                habitat during periods in which 
                                monarchs or other pollinators 
                                are present;
                          (iv) an integrated vegetation 
                        management plan that may include 
                        approaches such as mechanical tree and 
                        brush removal and targeted and 
                        judicious use of herbicides and mowing 
                        to address incompatible or undesirable 
                        vegetation while promoting compatible 
                        and beneficial vegetation on pipeline 
                        and facility rights-of-way;
                          (v) planting or seeding of deeply 
                        rooted, regionally appropriate 
                        perennial grasses and wildflowers, 
                        including milkweed, to enhance habitat;
                          (vi) removing shallow-rooted grasses 
                        from planting and seeding mixes, except 
                        for use as nurse or cover crops; and
                          (vii) obtaining expert training or 
                        assistance on wildlife- and pollinator-
                        friendly practices, including--
                                  (I) native plant 
                                identification;
                                  (II) establishment and 
                                management of regionally 
                                appropriate native plants;
                                  (III) land management 
                                practices; and
                                  (IV) integrated vegetation 
                                management.
                  (C) Consultation.--
                          (i) Available guidance.--In 
                        developing alternative methods under 
                        this paragraph, an operator shall 
                        consult any available guidance issued 
                        by--
                                  (I) the Secretary; or
                                  (II) an applicable State 
                                agency carrying out compliance 
                                activities on behalf of the 
                                Secretary in accordance with 
                                section 60105.
                          (ii) Leading industry practices.--In 
                        the absence of guidance described in 
                        clause (i), an operator may consult 
                        leading industry practices and guidance 
                        to develop and implement alternative 
                        methods under this paragraph.
                  (D) Requirements.--An operator using an 
                alternative method under this paragraph shall 
                ensure that the alternative inspection plans of 
                the operator continue to ensure that the 
                operator can identify risks to pipeline 
                facilities.
                  (E) Savings provision.--Nothing in this 
                paragraph exempts an operator from compliance 
                with any applicable requirements under this 
                chapter (including any regulations promulgated 
                under this chapter).
  (b) * * *
  (c) Pipeline Facilities Offshore and in Other Waters.--(1) In 
this subsection--
          (A) ``abandoned'' means permanently removed from 
        service.
          (B) ``pipeline facility'' includes an underwater 
        abandoned pipeline facility.
          (C) if a pipeline facility has no operator, the most 
        recent operator of the facility is deemed to be the 
        operator of the facility.
  (2)(A) Not later than May 16, 1993, on the basis of 
experience with the inspections under section 3(h)(1)(A) of the 
Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 or section 203(l)(1)(A) 
of the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979, as 
appropriate, and any other information available to the 
Secretary, the Secretary shall establish a mandatory, 
systematic, and, where appropriate, periodic inspection program 
of--
          (i) all offshore pipeline facilities; and
          (ii) any other pipeline facility crossing under, 
        over, or through waters where a substantial likelihood 
        of commercial navigation exists, if the Secretary 
        decides that the location of the facility in those 
        waters could pose a hazard to navigation or public 
        safety.
  (B) In prescribing standards to carry out subparagraph (A) of 
this paragraph--
          (i) the Secretary shall identify what is a hazard to 
        navigation with respect to an underwater abandoned 
        pipeline facility; and
          (ii) for an underwater pipeline facility abandoned 
        after October 24, 1992, the Secretary shall include 
        requirements that will lessen the potential that the 
        facility will pose a hazard to navigation and shall 
        consider the relationship between water depth and 
        navigational safety and factors relevant to the local 
        marine environment.
  (3)(A) The Secretary shall establish by regulation a program 
requiring an operator of a pipeline facility described in 
paragraph (2) of this subsection to report a potential or 
existing navigational hazard involving that pipeline facility 
to the Secretary through the appropriate Coast Guard office.
  (B) The operator of a pipeline facility described in 
paragraph (2) of this subsection that discovers any part of the 
pipeline facility that is a hazard to navigation shall mark the 
location of the hazardous part with a Coast-Guard-approved 
marine buoy or marker and immediately shall notify the 
Secretary as provided by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) 
of this paragraph. A marine buoy or marker used under this 
subparagraph is deemed a pipeline sign or right-of-way marker 
under section 60123(c) of this title.
  (4)(A) The Secretary shall establish a standard that each 
pipeline facility described in paragraph (2) of this subsection 
that is a hazard to navigation is buried not later than 6 
months after the date the condition of the facility is reported 
to the Secretary. The Secretary may extend that 6-month period 
for a reasonable period to ensure compliance with this 
paragraph.
  (B) In prescribing standards for subparagraph (A) of this 
paragraph for an underwater pipeline facility abandoned after 
October 24, 1992, the Secretary shall include requirements that 
will lessen the potential that the facility will pose a hazard 
to navigation and shall consider the relationship between water 
depth and navigational safety and factors relevant to the local 
marine environment.
  (5)(A) Not later than October 24, 1994, the Secretary shall 
establish standards on what is an exposed offshore pipeline 
facility and what is a hazard to navigation under this 
subsection.
  (B) Not later than 6 months after the Secretary establishes 
standards under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, or October 
24, 1995, whichever occurs first, the operator of each offshore 
pipeline facility not described in section 3(h)(1)(A) of the 
Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 or section 203(l)(1)(A) 
of the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979, as 
appropriate, shall inspect the facility and report to the 
Secretary on any part of the facility that is exposed or is a 
hazard to navigation. This subparagraph applies only to a 
facility that is between the high water mark and the point at 
which the subsurface is under 15 feet of water, as measured 
from mean low water. An inspection that occurred after October 
3, 1989, may be used for compliance with this subparagraph if 
the inspection conforms to the requirements of this 
subparagraph.
  (C) The Secretary may extend the time period specified in 
subparagraph (B) of this paragraph for not more than 6 months 
if the operator of a facility satisfies the Secretary that the 
operator has made a good faith effort, with reasonable 
diligence, but has been unable to comply by the end of that 
period.
  (6)(A) The operator of a pipeline facility abandoned after 
October 24, 1992, shall report the abandonment to the Secretary 
in a way that specifies whether the facility has been abandoned 
properly according to applicable United States Government and 
State requirements.
  (B) Not later than October 24, 1995, the operator of a 
pipeline facility abandoned before October 24, 1992, shall 
report to the Secretary reasonably available information 
related to the facility, including information that a third 
party possesses. The information shall include the location, 
size, date, and method of abandonment, whether the facility has 
been abandoned properly under applicable law, and other 
relevant information the Secretary may require. Not later than 
April 24, 1994, the Secretary shall specify how the information 
shall be reported. The Secretary shall ensure that the 
Government maintains the information in a way accessible to 
appropriate Government agencies and State authorities.
  (C) The Secretary shall request that a State authority having 
information on a collision between a vessel and an underwater 
pipeline facility report the information to the Secretary and 
Tribal officials from any affected Indian Tribe in a timely way 
and make a reasonable effort to specify the location, date, and 
severity of the collision. Chapter 35 of title 44 does not 
apply to this subparagraph.
  (7) The Secretary may not exempt from this chapter an 
offshore hazardous liquid pipeline facility only because the 
pipeline facility transfers hazardous liquid in an underwater 
pipeline between a vessel and an onshore facility.
  (8) If, after reviewing existing Federal and State 
regulations for hazardous liquid gathering lines located 
offshore in the United States, including within the inlets of 
the Gulf of Mexico, the Secretary determines it is appropriate, 
the Secretary shall issue regulations, after notice and an 
opportunity for a hearing, subjecting offshore hazardous liquid 
gathering lines and hazardous liquid gathering lines located 
within the inlets of the Gulf of Mexico to the same standards 
and regulations as other hazardous liquid gathering lines. The 
regulations issued under this paragraph shall not apply to 
production pipelines or flow lines.
  (d) * * *
  (e) [In General] Post-inspection Briefing and Preliminary 
Findings.--After the completion of a Pipeline and Hazardous 
Materials Safety Administration pipeline safety inspection, the 
Administrator of such Administration, or the State authority 
certified under section 60105 of title 49, United States Code, 
to conduct such inspection, shall--
          (1) within 30 days, conduct a post-inspection 
        briefing with the owner or operator of the gas or 
        hazardous liquid pipeline facility inspected outlining 
        any concerns; and
          (2) within 90 days, to the extent practicable, 
        provide the owner or operator with written preliminary 
        findings of the inspection.
  (f) Inspection of Rights-of-way.--
          (1) In general.--When requiring an operator to 
        inspect the surface conditions on or adjacent to a 
        pipeline right-of-way, the Secretary shall allow the 
        use of unmanned aircraft systems and satellites.
          (2) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection 
        affects any obligation to operate an unmanned aircraft 
        system in accordance with all relevant Federal laws 
        relating to the use of unmanned aircraft systems.

Sec. 60109. High-density population areas and environmentally sensitive 
                    areas

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) Distribution Integrity Management Programs.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
          (5) * * *
          (6) * * *
          (7) Evaluation of risk.--
                  (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph, the 
                Secretary shall promulgate regulations to 
                ensure that each distribution integrity 
                management plan developed by an operator of a 
                distribution system includes an evaluation of--
                          (i) the risks resulting from the 
                        [presence of cast iron pipes and mains 
                        in the distribution system; and] 
                        presence, in the distribution system, 
                        of pipes and mains made of--
                                  (I) cast iron;
                                  (II) unprotected steel;
                                  (III) wrought iron; or
                                  (IV) historic plastics with 
                                known safety issues; and
                          (ii) the risks that could lead to or 
                        result from the operation of a low-
                        pressure distribution system at a 
                        pressure that makes the operation of 
                        any connected and properly adjusted 
                        low-pressure gas burning equipment 
                        unsafe, as determined by the Secretary.
                  (B) * * *
                  [(C) Deadlines.--
                          [(i) In general.--Not later than 2 
                        years after the date of enactment of 
                        this paragraph, each operator of a 
                        distribution system shall make 
                        available to the Secretary or the 
                        relevant State authority with a 
                        certification in effect under section 
                        60105, as applicable, a copy of--
                                  [(I) the distribution 
                                integrity management plan of 
                                the operator;
                                  [(II) the emergency response 
                                plan under section 60102(d)(5); 
                                and
                                  [(III) the procedural manual 
                                for operations, maintenance, 
                                and emergencies under section 
                                60102(d)(4).
                          [(ii) Updates.--Each operator of a 
                        distribution system shall make 
                        available to the Secretary or make 
                        available for inspection to the 
                        relevant State authority described in 
                        clause (i), if applicable, an updated 
                        plan or manual described in that clause 
                        by not later than 60 days after the 
                        date of a significant update, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                          [(iii) Applicability of foia.--
                        Nothing in this subsection shall be 
                        construed to authorize the disclosure 
                        of any information that is exempt from 
                        disclosure under section 552(b) of 
                        title 5.]
                  (C) Deadlines.--
                          (i) Emergency response plan.--Not 
                        later than 2 years after the date of 
                        enactment of the PIPELINE Safety Act of 
                        2025, each operator of a distribution 
                        system shall make available to the 
                        Secretary or the relevant State 
                        authority with a certification in 
                        effect under section 60105, as 
                        applicable, and to any affected Indian 
                        Tribe, a copy of the emergency response 
                        plan under section 60102(d)(5).
                          (ii) Other documents.--Not later than 
                        2 years after the date of enactment of 
                        the PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025, each 
                        operator of a distribution system shall 
                        make available to the Secretary or the 
                        relevant State authority with a 
                        certification in effect under section 
                        60105, as applicable, a copy of--
                                  (I) the distribution 
                                integrity management plan of 
                                the operator; and
                                  (II) the procedural manual 
                                for operations, maintenance, 
                                and emergencies under section 
                                60102(d)(4).
                          (iii) Updates.--Not later than 60 
                        days after the date of a significant 
                        update, as determined by the Secretary, 
                        to a plan or manual described in clause 
                        (i) or (ii), the operator of the 
                        applicable distribution system shall--
                                  (I) in the case of an 
                                emergency response plan 
                                described in clause (i), make 
                                available to the Secretary or 
                                make available for inspection 
                                to the relevant State authority 
                                described in that clause (if 
                                applicable), and make available 
                                for inspection to any affected 
                                Indian Tribe, an updated copy 
                                of the emergency response plan; 
                                and
                                  (II) in the case of a plan or 
                                manual described in clause 
                                (ii), make available to the 
                                Secretary or make available for 
                                inspection to the relevant 
                                State authority described in 
                                that clause (if applicable) an 
                                updated copy of the applicable 
                                plan or manual.
                          (iv) Applicability of foia.--Nothing 
                        in this subsection shall be construed 
                        to authorize the disclosure of any 
                        information that is exempt from 
                        disclosure under section 552(b) of 
                        title 5.
                  (D) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) * * *

Sec. 60110. Excess flow valves

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) Fire Shutoff Valves or Equivalent Technology.--
          (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                  (A) Equivalent technology.--The term 
                ``equivalent technology'' means any technology 
                that--
                          (i) is not an excess flow valve; and
                          (ii) meets the performance standard 
                        of shutting off gas on a service line 
                        of a distribution system to a dwelling 
                        or other building in the event of a 
                        fire.
                  (B) Fire-first ignition.--The term ``fire-
                first ignition'' means an occurrence in which a 
                fire originating from a foreign source causes a 
                natural gas system to fail, release, or ignite.
                  (C) Fire safety valve.--The term ``fire 
                safety valve'' means--
                          (i) a fire shutoff valve; and
                          (ii) any equivalent technology.
                  (D) Fire shutoff valve.--The term ``fire 
                shutoff valve'' means a spring-loaded plug that 
                is held in place by a fusible link that--
                          (i) is made of a low-melting-point 
                        alloy;
                          (ii) is attached to a gas source; and
                          (iii) melts when exposed to fire, 
                        causing the spring-loaded plug to 
                        close, shutting off the gas to a 
                        dwelling or other building connected to 
                        a service line of a distribution 
                        system.
          (2) Study.--
                  (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after 
                the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
                Secretary shall complete a study on the 
                effectiveness of fire safety valves in order to 
                determine the ability of fire safety valves to 
                improve public safety through mitigation of 
                secondary ignitions, such as fire-first 
                ignitions.
                  (B) Requirements.--The study under 
                subparagraph (A) shall evaluate--
                          (i) various scenarios and 
                        applications for deploying fire safety 
                        valves;
                          (ii) the current incidence of fire-
                        first ignition of natural gas 
                        distribution pipelines;
                          (iii) anticipated reduction of fire-
                        first ignition risk under various fire 
                        safety valve deployment scenarios, 
                        including--
                                  (I) lowering the likelihood 
                                of gas ignition; and
                                  (II) lowering the impact and 
                                damage of fire-first ignition 
                                incidents;
                          (iv) the long-term durability, 
                        construction, and effectiveness of fire 
                        safety valves; and
                          (v) the commercial availability of 
                        fire safety valves for the pipeline 
                        industry.
          (3) Rulemaking.--After completing the study described 
        in paragraph (2), the Secretary may prescribe risk-
        based standards on the circumstances under which an 
        operator of a natural gas distribution system shall be 
        required to install fire shutoff valves or equivalent 
        technologies in the system.

Sec. 60111. * * *

Sec. 60112. Pipeline facilities hazardous to life and property

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) Opportunity for State Comment.--The Secretary shall 
provide, to any appropriate official of a State in which a 
pipeline facility is located and about which a proceeding has 
begun under this section, notice and an opportunity to comment 
on an agreement the Secretary proposes to make to resolve the 
proceeding. State comment shall incorporate comments of 
affected local officials and a Tribal official from any 
affected Indian Tribe.
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *

Sec. 60113. * * *

Sec. 60114. One-call notification systems

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) Limitation.--The Secretary may not conduct an enforcement 
proceeding under subsection (d) for a violation within the 
boundaries of a State that has the authority to impose 
penalties described in [section 60134(b)(7)] section 
60134(b)(1)(G) against persons who violate that State's damage 
prevention laws, unless the Secretary has determined that the 
State's enforcement is inadequate to protect safety, consistent 
with this chapter, and until the Secretary issues, through a 
rulemaking proceeding, the procedures for determining 
inadequate State enforcement of penalties.
  (g) * * *

Sec. 60115. Technical safety standards committees

  (a) * * *
  (b) Composition and Appointment.--(1) * * *
  (2) * * *
  (3) The members of each committee are appointed as follows:
          (A) 5 individuals selected from departments, 
        agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States 
        Government [and of], Indian Tribes, and the States.
          (B) 5 individuals selected from the natural gas or 
        hazardous liquid industry, as appropriate, after 
        consulting with industry representatives.
          (C) 5 individuals selected from the general public.
  (4)(A) * * *
  (5) * * *
  (c) Committee Reports on Proposed Standards.--(1) * * *
  (2) Not later than 90 days after receiving the proposed 
standard and supporting analyses, the appropriate committee 
shall prepare and submit to the Secretary a report on the 
technical feasibility, reasonableness, cost-effectiveness, and 
practicability of the proposed standard and include in the 
report recommended actions. The Secretary shall publish each 
report, including any recommended actions and minority views. 
The report if timely made is part of the proceeding for 
prescribing the standard. The Secretary is not bound by the 
conclusions of the committee. However, if the Secretary rejects 
the conclusions of the committee, the Secretary shall publish 
the reasons and notify the appropriate committees of Congress 
(as defined in section 2 of the PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025).
  (3) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) Meetings.--Each committee shall meet with the Secretary 
at least [up to 4] 2 times annually. Each committee proceeding 
shall be recorded. The record of the proceeding shall be 
available to the public.
  (f) * * *

Sec. 60116. Public education programs

  (a) * * *
  (b) Modification of Existing Programs.--[Not later than 12 
months after the date of enactment of the Pipeline Safety 
Improvement Act of 2002] Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of the PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025, each owner or 
operator of a gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility shall 
review its existing public education program for effectiveness 
and modify the program as necessary. The completed program 
shall include activities to advise affected Indian Tribes, 
affected municipalities, school districts, businesses, and 
residents of pipeline facility locations. The completed program 
shall be submitted to the Secretary or, in the case of an 
intrastate pipeline facility operator, the appropriate State 
agency, and shall be periodically reviewed by the Secretary or, 
in the case of an intrastate pipeline facility operator, the 
appropriate State agency.
  (c) * * *

Sec. 60117. Administrative

  (a) * * *
  (b) Enforcement Procedures.--
          (1) Process.--In implementing enforcement procedures 
        under this chapter and part 190 of title 49, Code of 
        Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), the 
        Secretary shall--
                  (A) allow the respondent to request the use 
                of a consent agreement and consent order to 
                resolve any matter of fact or law asserted;
                  (B) allow the respondent and the agency to 
                convene 1 or more meetings--
                          (i) for settlement or simplification 
                        of the issues; [or]
                          (ii) to aid in the disposition of 
                        issues; or
                          (iii) to allow a recipient of a 
                        warning under section 190.205 of title 
                        49, Code of Federal Regulations (or a 
                        successor regulation), to discuss 
                        claims made in the warning with 
                        relevant staff;
                  (C) require that the case file in an 
                enforcement proceeding include all agency 
                records pertinent to the matters of fact and 
                law asserted;
                  (D) allow the respondent to reply to each 
                post-hearing submission of the agency;
                  (E) allow the respondent to request that a 
                hearing be held, and an order be issued, on an 
                expedited basis;
                  (F) require that the agency have the burden 
                of proof, presentation, and persuasion in any 
                enforcement matter;
                  (G) require that any order contain findings 
                of relevant fact and conclusions of law;
                  (H) require the Office of Pipeline Safety to 
                file a post-hearing recommendation not later 
                than 30 days after the deadline for any post-
                hearing submission of a respondent;
                  (I) require an order on a petition for 
                reconsideration to be issued not later than 120 
                days after the date on which the petition is 
                filed; [and]
                  (J) allow an operator to request that an 
                issue of controversy or uncertainty be 
                addressed through a declaratory order in 
                accordance with section 554(e) of title 5[.];
                  (K) for civil penalties over $1,000,000, 
                adjusted each year for inflation, allow the 
                respondent to request a formal hearing in 
                accordance with section 554 of title 5, 
                conducted by an administrative law judge; and
                  (L) provide a written response to a request 
                for the withdrawal or modification of a written 
                warning issued under this section.
          [(2) Open to the public.--A hearing under this 
        section shall be--
                  [(A) noticed to the public on the website of 
                the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                Administration; and
                  [(B) in the case of a formal hearing (as 
                defined in section 190.3 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (or a successor 
                regulation)), open to the public.]
          (2) Hearing requirements.--A hearing under this 
        section shall--
                  (A) be noticed to the public on the website 
                of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                Administration on its own page titled 
                ``Upcoming Enforcement Hearings'';
                  (B) provide an orderly and timely process, as 
                determined by the Secretary;
                  (C) in the case of a formal hearing, be open 
                to the public.
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) Testing Facilities Involved in Accidents.--The Secretary 
may require testing of a part of a pipeline facility subject to 
this chapter that has been involved in or affected by an 
accident only after--
          (1) notifying the appropriate State official in the 
        State in which the facility is located and an 
        appropriate Tribal official from any affected Indian 
        Tribe; and
          (2) attempting to negotiate a mutually acceptable 
        plan for testing with the owner of the facility and, 
        when the Secretary considers appropriate, the National 
        Transportation Safety Board.
  (h) * * *
  (i) Cooperation.--The Secretary may--
          (1) advise, assist, and cooperate with other 
        departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the 
        United States Government, the States, Indian Tribes, 
        and public and private agencies and persons in planning 
        and developing safety standards and ways to inspect and 
        test to decide whether those standards have been 
        complied with;
          (2) consult with and make recommendations to other 
        departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the 
        Government, State and local governments, Indian Tribes, 
        and public and private agencies and persons to develop 
        and encourage activities, including the enactment of 
        legislation, that will assist in carrying out this 
        chapter and improve State and local pipeline safety 
        programs; and
          (3) participate in a proceeding involving safety 
        requirements related to a liquefied natural gas 
        facility before the Commission or a State authority.
  (j) * * *
  (k) * * *
  (l) Authority for Cooperative Agreements.--To carry out this 
chapter, the Secretary may enter into grants, cooperative 
agreements, and other transactions with any person, agency, or 
instrumentality of the United States, any unit of State or 
local government, Indian Tribes, any educational institution, 
or any other entity to further the objectives of this chapter. 
The objectives of this chapter include the development, 
improvement, and promotion of one-call damage prevention 
programs, research, risk assessment, and mapping.
  (m) * * *
  (n) Restoration of Operations.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary may advise, assist, 
        and cooperate with the heads of other departments, 
        agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States 
        Government, the States, Indian Tribes, and public and 
        private agencies and persons to facilitate the 
        restoration of pipeline operations that have been or 
        are anticipated to become disrupted by manmade or 
        natural disasters.
          (2) * * *
  (o) * * *
  (p) Emergency Order Authority.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Considerations.--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) Consultation.--In considering the factors 
                under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                consult, as the Secretary determines 
                appropriate, with appropriate Federal agencies, 
                State agencies, Indian Tribes, and other 
                entities knowledgeable in pipeline safety or 
                operations.
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
          (5) * * *
          (6) * * *
          (7) * * *
          (8) * * *
          (9) * * *

Sec. 60118. Compliance and waivers

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) Waivers by Secretary.--
          (1) Nonemergency waivers.--
                  (A) In general.--On application of an owner 
                or operator of a pipeline facility, the 
                Secretary by order may waive compliance with 
                any part of an applicable standard prescribed 
                under this chapter with respect to such 
                facility on terms the Secretary considers 
                appropriate if the Secretary determines that 
                the waiver is [not inconsistent] consistent 
                with pipeline safety.
                  (B) Hearing.--The Secretary may act on a 
                waiver under this paragraph only after notice 
                and comment and an opportunity for a hearing.
                  (C) Action on application.--Not later than 
                180 days after receiving an application for a 
                waiver under this paragraph, the Secretary 
                shall--
                          (i) complete any applicable review 
                        relating to the application and act on 
                        the application by--
                                  (I) issuing an order granting 
                                the waiver; or
                                  (II) denying the application; 
                                or
                          (ii) inform the applicant that 
                        additional time is needed to review the 
                        application, including by providing 
                        notifications of the need for 
                        additional time at least once every 180 
                        days until the waiver is granted or the 
                        application is denied.
          (2) * * *
          [(3) Statement of reasons.--The Secretary shall state 
        in an order issued under this subsection the reasons 
        for granting the waiver.]
          (3) Statement of reasons.--The Secretary shall state 
        in an order issued under this subsection that is 
        publicly posted on the website of the Pipeline and 
        Hazardous Materials Safety Administration the reasons 
        for granting or denying the waiver.
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *

Sec. 60119. Judicial review

  (a) Review of Regulations, Orders, and Other Final Agency 
Actions.--(1) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this 
section, a person, including an Indian Tribe, adversely 
affected by a regulation prescribed under this chapter or an 
order issued under this chapter may apply for review of the 
regulation or order by filing a petition for review in the 
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 
Circuit or in the court of appeals of the United States for the 
circuit in which the person resides or has its principal place 
of business. The petition must be filed not later than 89 days 
after the regulation is prescribed or order is issued. The 
clerk of the court immediately shall send a copy of the 
petition to the Secretary of Transportation.

Sec. 60120. * * *

Sec. 60121. * * *

Sec. 60122. Civil penalties

  (a) General Penalties.--(1) A person that the Secretary of 
Transportation decides, after written notice and an opportunity 
for a hearing, has violated section 60114(b), 60114(d), or 
60118(a) of this title or a regulation prescribed or order 
issued under this chapter is liable to the United States 
Government for a civil penalty of not more than [$200,000] 
$400,000 for each violation. A separate violation occurs for 
each day the violation continues. The maximum civil penalty 
under this paragraph for a related series of violations is 
[$2,000,000] $4,000,000.
  (2) * * *
  (3) * * *
  (b) Penalty Considerations.--In determining the amount of a 
civil penalty under this section--
          (1) the Secretary shall consider--
                  (A) the nature, circumstances, and gravity of 
                the violation, including adverse impact on the 
                environment;
                  (B) with respect to the violator, the degree 
                of culpability, any history of prior 
                violations, and any effect on ability to 
                continue doing business;
                  (C) good faith in attempting to comply; [and]
                  (D) self-disclosure and correction of 
                violations, or actions to correct a violation, 
                prior to discovery by the Pipeline and 
                Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; 
                [and]
                  (E) the timeliness of emergency response 
                notification, including by reducing penalties 
                for cases in which incidents are reported 
                within 10 minutes of a suspected release; and
                  (F) advanced coordination with State, local, 
                Tribal, and territorial governmental entities 
                resulting in the relevant and timely use of 
                existing public alert notification systems; and
          (2) the Secretary may consider--
                  (A) the economic benefit gained from the 
                violation without any reduction because of 
                subsequent damages; and
                  (B) other matters that justice requires.
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *

Sec. 60123. * * *

Sec. 60124. * * *

Sec. 60125. Authorization of appropriations

  (a) Gas and Hazardous Liquid.--
          (1) In general.--From fees collected under section 
        60301, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out section 12 of the Pipeline 
        Safety Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 60101 note; 
        Public Law 107-355) and the provisions of this chapter 
        relating to gas and hazardous liquid--
                  (A) [$156,400,000 for fiscal year 2021] 
                $185,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, of which--
                          (i) $9,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) [$63,000,000] $83,250,000 shall 
                        be used for making grants;
                  (B) [$158,500,000 for fiscal year 2022] 
                $190,365,000 for fiscal year 2027, of which--
                          (i) $9,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) [$66,000,000] $85,660,000 shall 
                        be used for making grants; [and]
                  (C) [$162,700,000 for fiscal year 2023] 
                $195,886,000 for fiscal year 2028, of which--
                          (i) $9,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) [$69,000,000] $88,150,000 shall 
                        be used for making grants[.];
                  (D) $201,556,000 for fiscal year 2029, of 
                which--
                          (i) $9,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) $90,700,000 shall be used for 
                        making grants; and
                  (E) $207,412,000 for fiscal year 2030, of 
                which--
                          (i) $9,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) $93,340,000 shall be used for 
                        making grants.
          (2) Trust fund amounts.--In addition to the amounts 
        authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (1), 
        there are authorized to be appropriated from the Oil 
        Spill Liability Trust Fund established by section 
        9509(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to carry 
        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act 
        of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 60101 note; Public Law 107-355) and 
        the provisions of this chapter relating to hazardous 
        liquid--
                  (A) [$27,000,000 for fiscal year 2021] 
                $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, of which--
                          (i) $3,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) [$11,000,000] $13,500,000 shall 
                        be used for making grants;
                  (B) [$27,650,000 for fiscal year 2022] 
                $31,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, of which--
                          (i) $3,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) [$12,000,000] $13,950,000 shall 
                        be used for making grants; [and]
                  (C) [$28,700,000 for fiscal year 2023] 
                $32,000,000 for fiscal year 2028, of which--
                          (i) $3,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) [$13,000,000] $14,400,000 shall 
                        be used for making grants[.];
                  (D) $33,000,000 for fiscal year 2029, of 
                which--
                          (i) $3,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) $14,850,000 shall be used for 
                        making grants; and
                  (E) 34,000,000 for fiscal year 2030, of 
                which--
                          (i) $3,000,000 shall be used to carry 
                        out section 12 of the Pipeline Safety 
                        Improvement Act of 2002 (49 U.S.C. 
                        60101 note; Public Law 107-355); and
                          (ii) $15,300,000 shall be used for 
                        making grants.
          (3) Underground natural gas storage facility safety 
        account.--From fees collected under section 60302, 
        there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
        to carry out section 60141 [$8,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2021 through 2023] $7,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
  (b) Emergency Response Grants.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary may establish a 
        program for making grants to State, county, and local 
        governments, and affected Indian Tribes, in high 
        consequence areas, as defined by the Secretary, for 
        emergency response management, training, and technical 
        assistance. To the extent that such grants are used to 
        train emergency responders, such training shall ensure 
        that emergency responders have the ability to protect 
        nearby persons, property, and the environment from the 
        effects of accidents or incidents involving gas or 
        hazardous liquid pipelines, in accordance with existing 
        regulations.
          (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is 
        authorized to be appropriated [$10,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2021 through 2023 to carry out this 
        subsection] to carry out this subsection $10,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
  (c) * * *

Sec. 60126. * * *

Sec. 60127. * * *

Sec. 60128. * * *

Sec. 60129. Protection of employees providing pipeline safety 
                    information

  (a) Discrimination Against Employee.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Employer defined.--In this section, the term 
        ``employer'' means--
                  (A) a person owning or operating a pipeline 
                facility; [or]
                  (B) a contractor or subcontractor of [such a 
                person.] a person described in subparagraph 
                (A); or
                  (C) an officer, employee, or agent of a 
                person described in subparagraph (A).
  (b) Department of Labor Complaint Procedure.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) Final order.--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) Remedy.--If, in response to a complaint 
                filed under paragraph (1), the Secretary of 
                Labor determines that a violation of subsection 
                (a) has occurred, the Secretary of Labor shall 
                order the person or persons who committed such 
                violation to--
                          (i) take affirmative action to abate 
                        the violation;
                          (ii) reinstate the complainant to his 
                        or her former position together with 
                        the compensation (including back pay 
                        with interest) and restore the terms, 
                        conditions, and privileges associated 
                        with his or her employment; and
                          (iii) provide compensatory damages to 
                        the complainant, including compensation 
                        for any special damages sustained as a 
                        result of the discrimination.
  If such an order is issued under this paragraph, the 
Secretary of Labor, at the request of the complainant, shall 
assess against the person or persons against whom the order is 
issued a sum equal to the aggregate amount of all costs and 
expenses (including attorney's and expert witness fees) 
reasonably incurred, as determined by the Secretary of Labor, 
by the complainant for, or in connection with, the bringing the 
complaint upon which the order was issued.
                  (C) * * *
                  (D) * * *
          (4) * * *
          (5) * * *
          (6) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *

Sec. 60130. Pipeline safety information grants to communities

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) Funding.--
          (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), out of 
        amounts made available under [section 2(b) of the PIPES 
        Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-183; 130 Stat. 515), the 
        Secretary shall use $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2021 through 2023 to carry out this section.] section 
        60125(a)(1), the Secretary shall use to carry out this 
        section--
                  (A) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                  (B) $2,750,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                  (C) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                  (D) $3,250,000 for fiscal year 2029; and
                  (E) $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2030.
          (2) Improving technical assistance.--From the amounts 
        used to carry out this section under paragraph (1) each 
        fiscal year, the Secretary shall award [$1,000,000] to 
        an eligible applicant through a competitive selection 
        process for the purpose of improving the quality of 
        technical assistance provided to communities or 
        individuals under this [section.] section--
                  (A) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                  (B) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                  (C) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                  (D) $1,750,000 for fiscal year 2029; and
                  (E) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2030.
          (3) Limitation.--Any amounts used to carry out this 
        section shall not be derived from user fees collected 
        under section 60301.
  (d) Deadlines.--
          (1) Notice of funding opportunity.--Not later than 60 
        days after the date on which funds are made available 
        to carry out this section, the Secretary shall publish 
        a notice of funding opportunity for the funds.
          (2) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
        under this section, an eligible applicant shall submit 
        to the Secretary an application--
                  (A) in such form and containing such 
                information as the Secretary considers to be 
                appropriate; and
                  (B) by such date as the Secretary may 
                establish, subject to the condition that the 
                date shall be not later than 60 days after the 
                date on which the Secretary publishes the 
                notice of funding opportunity under paragraph 
                (1).
          (3) Selection.--Not later than 120 days after the 
        date on which the Secretary publishes the notice of 
        funding opportunity under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
        shall announce the selection by the Secretary of 
        eligible applicants to receive grants in accordance 
        with this section.
  [(d)](e) Definitions.--In this section:
          (1) Technical assistance.--The term ``technical 
        assistance'' means engineering, research, and other 
        scientific analysis of pipeline safety issues, 
        including the promotion of public participation on 
        technical pipeline safety issues in proceedings related 
        to this chapter.
          (2) Eligible applicant.--The term ``eligible 
        applicant'' means a nonprofit entity that--
                  (A) is a public safety advocate;
                  (B) has pipeline safety expertise;
                  (C) is able to provide individuals and 
                communities with technical assistance; and
                  (D) was established with funds designated for 
                the purpose of community service through the 
                implementation of section 3553 of title 18 
                relating to violations of this chapter.

Sec. 60131. * * *

Sec. 60132. National pipeline mapping system

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) Technical Assistance To Improve Local Response 
Capabilities.--The Secretary may provide technical assistance 
to [State and local] State, local, and Tribal officials to 
improve local response capabilities for pipeline emergencies by 
adapting information available through the National Pipeline 
Mapping System to software used by emergency response personnel 
responding to pipeline emergencies.
  (d) * * *
  (e) Program To Promote Awareness of National Pipeline Mapping 
System.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this subsection, the Secretary shall develop and implement a 
program promoting greater awareness of the existence of the 
National Pipeline Mapping System to [State and local] State, 
local, and Tribal emergency responders and other interested 
parties. The program shall include guidance on how to use the 
National Pipeline Mapping System to locate pipelines in 
communities and local jurisdictions.
  (f) * * *

Sec. 60133. Coordination of environmental reviews

  (a) Interagency Committee.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
          (5) State and local consultation.--In carrying out 
        this subsection, the Interagency Committee shall 
        consult with appropriate State [and local], local, and 
        Tribal environmental, pipeline safety, and emergency 
        response officials, and such other officials as the 
        Interagency Committee considers appropriate.
  (b) * * *
  (c) Savings Provisions; No Preemption.--Nothing in this 
section shall be construed--
          (1) * * *
          (2) to preempt applicable Federal, State, Tribal, or 
        local environmental law.
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *

Sec. 60134. State damage prevention programs

  (a) * * *
  (b) State Damage Prevention Program Elements.--[An]
          (1) In general.--An effective damage prevention 
        program includes the following elements:
                  [(1)](A) Participation by operators, 
                excavators, and other stakeholders in the 
                development and implementation of methods for 
                establishing and maintaining effective 
                communications between stakeholders from 
                receipt of an excavation notification until 
                successful completion of the excavation, as 
                appropriate.
                  [(2)](B) A process for fostering and ensuring 
                the support and partnership of stakeholders, 
                including excavators, operators, locators, 
                designers, and local government in all phases 
                of the program.
                  [(3)](C) A process for reviewing the adequacy 
                of a pipeline operator's internal performance 
                measures regarding persons performing locating 
                services and quality assurance programs.
                  [(4)](D) Participation by operators, 
                excavators, and other stakeholders in the 
                development and implementation of effective 
                employee training programs to ensure that 
                operators, the one-call center, the enforcing 
                agency, and the excavators have partnered to 
                design and implement training for the employees 
                of operators, excavators, and locators.
                  [(5)](E) A process for fostering and ensuring 
                active participation by all stakeholders in 
                public education for damage prevention 
                activities.
                  [(6)](F) A process for resolving disputes 
                that defines the State authority's role as a 
                partner and facilitator to resolve issues.
                  [(7)](G) Enforcement of State damage 
                prevention laws and regulations for all aspects 
                of the damage prevention process, including 
                public education, and the use of civil 
                penalties for violations assessable by the 
                appropriate State authority.
                  [(8)](H) A process for fostering and 
                promoting the use, by all appropriate 
                stakeholders, of improving technologies that 
                may enhance communications, underground 
                pipeline locating capability, and gathering and 
                analyzing information about the accuracy and 
                effectiveness of locating programs.
                  [(9)](I) A process for review and analysis of 
                the effectiveness of each program element, 
                including a means for implementing improvements 
                identified by such program reviews.
                  (J) A State one-call program that includes, 
                or is making substantial progress toward 
                including, the one-call leading practices 
                described in paragraph (2).
          (2) One-call leading practices.--The one-call leading 
        practices referred to in paragraph (1)(J) are the 
        following:
                  (A) Restricting the size or scope of a one-
                call ticket for standard locate requests (which 
                may include process exceptions for special 
                large project tickets).
                  (B) Restricting the longevity of a one-call 
                ticket for standard locate requests (which may 
                include process exceptions for special large 
                project tickets).
                  (C) Specifying tolerance (soft-dig only) zone 
                horizontal dimensions.
                  (D) Specifying tolerance zone requirements.
                  (E) Specifying emergency excavation 
                notification requirements.
                  (F) Specifying the responsibilities of 
                excavators, including the reporting of damages 
                or suspected damages.
                  (G) Defining who is an excavator and what is 
                considered excavation.
                  (H) Requiring the use of white-lining.
                  (I) Requiring a positive response before 
                excavation begins, such as a utility, 
                municipality, or other entity that places the 
                relevant marks positively responding to the 
                notification center, and the excavator checking 
                for that positive response before beginning 
                excavation.
                  (J) Requiring that newly installed 
                underground facilities be locatable with 
                commercially available technology.
                  (K) Requiring the marking of sewer lines and 
                laterals.
                  (L) Specifying the qualifications of, and 
                requirements for, those excavators performing 
                trenchless excavation activities that are not 
                subject to pipeline construction requirements 
                under part 192 or 195 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
  (c) Factors to Consider.--[In]
          (1) In general.--In making grants under this section, 
        the Secretary shall take into consideration the 
        commitment of each State to ensuring the effectiveness 
        of its damage prevention program, including legislative 
        and regulatory actions taken by the State.
          (2) Evaluation criteria.--The evaluation criteria 
        used by the Secretary for determining the effectiveness 
        of a State damage prevention program shall include 
        consideration of whether the State, at a minimum--
                  (A) engages in effective, active, and 
                meaningful enforcement of State one-call laws, 
                including the efficacy of fines and penalties;
                  (B) requires reporting to the local one-call 
                center of excavation damage events that affect 
                pipelines and other underground facilities that 
                are not privately owned, including (to the 
                extent available at the time of the 
                reporting)--
                          (i) information about the nature of 
                        the incident, including its apparent 
                        cause;
                          (ii) the organizations involved;
                          (iii) the impact to public safety, 
                        utility operations, and customer 
                        service; and
                          (iv) the impact to the environment; 
                        and
                  (C) limits exemptions to State damage 
                prevention laws.
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) * * *
  (h) * * *
  (i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to provide grants under this 
section [$1,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2023. 
Such funds shall remain] $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2026 through 2030, to remain available until expended.

Sec. 60135. * * *

Sec. 60136. * * *

Sec. 60137. * * *

Sec. 60138. * * *

Sec. 60139. * * *

Sec. 60140. * * *

Sec. 60141. * * *

Sec. 60142. Pipeline safety enhancement programs

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) Duration.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Requirement.--The Secretary shall not establish 
        any additional safety-enhancing testing programs under 
        subsection (a) after the date that is [3 years after 
        the date of enactment of this section] 5 years after 
        the date of enactment of the PIPELINE Safety Act of 
        2025.
  (d) Safety Standards.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall require, as a 
        condition of approval of a testing program under 
        subsection (a), that the safety measures in the testing 
        program are designed to achieve a level of safety that 
        is greater than or equal to the level of safety 
        required by this chapter.
          [(2) Determination.--
                  [(A) In general.--The Secretary may issue an 
                order under subparagraph (A) of section 
                60118(c)(1) to accomplish the purpose of a 
                testing program for a term not to exceed the 
                time period described in subsection (c) if the 
                condition described in paragraph (1) is met, as 
                determined by the Secretary.
                  [(B) Limitation.--An order under subparagraph 
                (A) shall pertain only to those regulations 
                that would otherwise prevent the use of the 
                safety technology to be tested under the 
                testing program.]
          (2) Determination.--
                  (A) In general.--To accomplish the purpose of 
                a testing program, the Secretary may issue an 
                order waiving compliance with any part of an 
                applicable standard prescribed under this 
                chapter if the condition described in paragraph 
                (1) is met, as determined by the Secretary.
                  (B) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not 
                require testing program applicants to use the 
                nonemergency waiver process, or to otherwise 
                meet the requirements of the nonemergency 
                waiver process, established under section 
                60118(c)(1).
          (3) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) * * *
  [(h) Authority to Terminate Program.--The Secretary shall 
immediately terminate a testing program under subsection (a) if 
continuation of the testing program would not be consistent 
with the goals and objectives of this chapter.]
  (h) Authority to Terminate Program.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall immediately 
        terminate a testing program under subsection (a) if 
        continuation of the testing program would not be 
        consistent with the goals and objectives of this 
        chapter.
          (2) Notification.--Not later than 10 days after the 
        termination of a testing program under paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary shall notify the relevant pipeline 
        operators of how they can address any deficiencies 
        identified by the Secretary.
          (3) Reinstatement.--If the Secretary determines that 
        the deficiencies identified under paragraph (2) are 
        addressed, the Secretary shall reinstate the testing 
        program.
  (i) * * *
  (j) * * *
  (k) * * *
  (l) * * *
  (m) Approval Process.--Establishment of a testing program 
under subsection (a) shall not be considered a major Federal 
action (as defined in section 111 of the National Environmental 
Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4336e)) for purposes of that Act 
(42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

Sec. 60143. Idled pipelines

  (a) * * *
  (b) Rulemaking.--
          [(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        date of enactment of the PIPES Act of 2020, the 
        Secretary shall promulgate regulations prescribing the 
        applicability of the pipeline safety requirements to 
        idled natural or other gas transmission and hazardous 
        liquid pipelines.]
          (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the 
        date of enactment of the PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025, 
        the Secretary shall promulgate regulations prescribing 
        the applicability of the pipeline safety requirements 
        to--
                  (A) idled natural gas transmission pipelines;
                  (B) idled other gas transmission pipelines; 
                and
                  (C) idled hazardous liquid pipelines.
          (2) * * *

Sec. 60144. Voluntary information-sharing system

  (a) Definitions.--In this section:
          (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means 
        the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous 
        Materials Safety Administration.
          (2) Governing board.--The term ``Governing Board'' 
        means the governing board established under subsection 
        (d)(1).
          (3) Issue analysis team.--The term ``Issue Analysis 
        Team'' means an Issue Analysis Team established under 
        subsection (g)(1).
          (4) Program manager.--The term ``Program Manager'' 
        means the Program Manager described in subsection (e).
          (5) Third-party data manager.--The term ``Third-Party 
        Data Manager'' means the Third-Party Data Manager 
        appointed under subsection (f)(1).
          (6) VIS.--The term ``VIS'' means the voluntary 
        information-sharing system established under subsection 
        (b)(1).
  (b) Establishment.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall 
        establish a confidential and nonpunitive voluntary 
        information-sharing system to encourage the sharing of 
        pipeline safety data and information in order to 
        improve the safety of gas transmission pipelines, gas 
        distribution pipelines, liquefied natural gas 
        facilities, underground natural gas storage facilities, 
        and hazardous liquid pipelines.
          (2) Requirement.--The VIS shall be implemented and 
        managed in accordance with the report entitled 
        ``Pipeline Safety Voluntary Information-Sharing System 
        Recommendation Report'' prepared under section 10 of 
        the PIPES Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 60108 note; Public Law 
        114-183) by the Voluntary Information Sharing System 
        Working Group convened under that section.
          (3) Purpose.--The purpose of the VIS shall be to 
        serve as a comprehensive and integrated system--
                  (A) to gather, evaluate, and quantify 
                critical pipeline safety data and information; 
                and
                  (B) to share recommended remediation measures 
                and lessons learned across the pipeline 
                industry in an efficient and confidential 
                manner.
  (c) Governance.--The VIS shall be governed, in accordance 
with this section, by the Governing Board, with support from--
          (1) the Program Manager;
          (2) the Third-Party Data Manager; and
          (3) 1 or more Issue Analysis Teams.
  (d) Governing Board.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of this section, the Administrator, 
        after consulting with public, government, and private 
        pipeline safety stakeholders, shall establish a 
        governing board for the VIS.
          (2) Composition.--
                  (A) In general.--The Governing Board shall be 
                composed of 15 members who shall represent a 
                balanced cross-section of pipeline safety 
                stakeholders, in accordance with subparagraphs 
                (B) and (C).
                  (B) Representation.--The Governing Board 
                shall be composed of the following members:
                          (i) 5 individuals selected from 
                        relevant pipeline safety departments, 
                        agencies, or instrumentalities of the 
                        Federal Government or State or 
                        territorial governments, 1 of whom 
                        shall be the Administrator (or a 
                        designee of the Administrator).
                          (ii) 5 individuals selected from the 
                        gas or hazardous liquid industries, 
                        such as individuals representing or 
                        otherwise associated with--
                                  (I) operators;
                                  (II) trade associations;
                                  (III) inspection technology, 
                                coating, or cathodic protection 
                                vendors;
                                  (IV) standards development 
                                organizations;
                                  (V) research and development 
                                consortia; or
                                  (VI) pipeline inspection 
                                organizations.
                          (iii) 5 individuals selected from 
                        general public safety advocacy 
                        organizations with relevant pipeline 
                        safety expertise, including--
                                  (I) pipeline safety and 
                                environmental public interest 
                                groups;
                                  (II) public institutions of 
                                higher education with pipeline 
                                safety expertise; and
                                  (III) nonprofit employee 
                                labor organizations.
                  (C) Requirements.--
                          (i) Pipeline industry.--At least 1 
                        member of the Governing Board appointed 
                        under subparagraph (B)(ii) shall be a 
                        representative of the pipeline 
                        industry.
                          (ii) Pipeline safety public interest 
                        groups.--At least 1 member of the 
                        Governing Board appointed under 
                        subparagraph (B)(iii) shall be a 
                        representative of a pipeline safety 
                        public interest group.
          (3) Terms.--
                  (A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), each member of the Governing 
                Board shall be appointed for a term of 3 years.
                  (B) Initial members.--In appointing the 
                initial members of the Governing Board, the 
                Administrator shall appoint members to terms of 
                1, 2, or 3 years to ensure that each year 
                thereafter--
                          (i) the terms of 5 members will 
                        expire; and
                          (ii) the term of not less than 1 and 
                        not more than 2 members described in 
                        each of clauses (i) through (iii) of 
                        paragraph (2)(B) will expire.
                  (C) Reappointment.--A member or former member 
                of the Governing Board appointed under clause 
                (i) or (ii) of paragraph (2)(B) may be 
                reappointed, but may only serve for a total of 
                3 terms.
          (4) Co-chairs.--
                  (A) In general.--The Governing Board shall be 
                co-chaired by--
                          (i) the Administrator (or a designee 
                        of the Administrator);
                          (ii) a representative of the pipeline 
                        industry appointed under paragraph 
                        (2)(B)(ii), who shall be appointed co-
                        chair by the Administrator, with the 
                        advice and consent of the Governing 
                        Board; and
                          (iii) a representative of a pipeline 
                        safety public interest group, who shall 
                        be appointed co-chair by the 
                        Administrator, with the advice and 
                        consent of the Governing Board.
                  (B) Responsibilities of co-chairs.--The co-
                chairs shall be jointly responsible for 
                organizing and conducting meetings of the 
                Governing Board.
          (5) Authority.--The Governing Board shall have 
        authority--
                  (A) to govern and provide strategic oversight 
                of the VIS;
                  (B) to develop governance documents, 
                including a charter for the Governing Board 
                that shall--
                          (i) be made available to the public; 
                        and
                          (ii) describe--
                                  (I) the scope of the 
                                authority of the Governing 
                                Board; and
                                  (II) the objectives of the 
                                Governing Board;
                  (C) to select and appoint the Third-Party 
                Data Manager in accordance with subsection (f);
                  (D) to approve the criteria and procedures 
                governing how the Third-Party Data Manager will 
                receive and accept pipeline safety data and 
                information;
                  (E) to establish, and appoint members of, 
                Issue Analysis Teams in accordance with 
                subsection (g);
                  (F) to collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams 
                to identify issues and topics to be analyzed by 
                the Issue Analysis Teams;
                  (G) to collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams 
                to specify the type of pipeline safety data and 
                information necessary for the Issue Analysis 
                Teams to analyze the issues and topics 
                identified under subparagraph (F);
                  (H) to determine the information to be 
                disseminated by the VIS;
                  (I) to determine the reports to be 
                disseminated by the VIS;
                  (J) to issue, not less frequently than 
                annually, publicly available reports on--
                          (i) VIS processes;
                          (ii) the membership of the Governing 
                        Board;
                          (iii) issues and topics being 
                        investigated and analyzed by Issue 
                        Analysis Teams or the Governing Board;
                          (iv) pipeline safety data and 
                        information that the VIS has requested 
                        for submission to the VIS; and
                          (v) safety trends identified by the 
                        Administrator, Issue Analysis Teams, or 
                        the Governing Board; and
                  (K) to perform such other functions that the 
                Governing Board determines are--
                          (i) necessary or appropriate; and
                          (ii) consistent with the purpose of 
                        the VIS described in subsection (b)(3).
          (6) Decisionmaking.--
                  (A) In general.--Decisions and approvals of 
                the Governing Board shall be made by a super-
                majority of the members, as described in 
                subparagraph (B).
                  (B) Supermajority described.--A supermajority 
                referred to in subparagraph (A) shall consist 
                of not fewer than--
                          (i) \2/3\ of the total members of the 
                        Governing Board; and
                          (ii) 1 additional member of the 
                        Governing Board.
  (e) Program Manager.--
          (1) In general.--The Administrator (or a designee of 
        the Administrator) shall serve as the Program Manager 
        for the VIS.
          (2) Responsibilities.--The Program Manager shall 
        provide the day-to-day program management and 
        administrative support for the VIS, including oversight 
        of the Third-Party Data Manager.
  (f) Third-Party Data Manager.--
          (1) In general.--The Governing Board shall appoint a 
        Third-Party Data Manager to provide data management and 
        data oversight services for the VIS.
          (2) Qualifications.--The Third-Party Data Manager 
        shall have expertise in data protection, aggregation, 
        and analytics.
          (3) Responsibilities.--In carrying out the services 
        described in paragraph (1), the Third-Party Data 
        Manager shall--
                  (A) receive and secure pipeline safety data 
                and information submitted to the VIS;
                  (B) accept pipeline safety data and 
                information submitted to the VIS that meets the 
                criteria and procedures approved by the 
                Governing Board under subsection (d)(5)(D);
                  (C) de-identify, store, and manage pipeline 
                safety data and information that is accepted by 
                the VIS;
                  (D) collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams to 
                analyze and aggregate pipeline safety data and 
                information that is accepted by the VIS;
                  (E) prepare reports as requested by the 
                Governing Board regarding the type of pipeline 
                safety data and information that is managed by 
                the VIS; and
                  (F) make recommendations to the Governing 
                Board regarding the management of pipeline 
                safety data and information by the VIS, as 
                appropriate.
  (g) Issue Analysis Teams.--
          (1) In general.--The Governing Board shall establish, 
        and appoint the members of, 1 or more Issue Analysis 
        Teams as the Governing Board determines to be 
        appropriate and relevant to the pipeline safety work of 
        the VIS.
          (2) Qualifications.--An Issue Analysis Team 
        established under paragraph (1) shall--
                  (A) subject to subparagraph (B), consist of 
                pipeline safety technical and subject matter 
                experts; and
                  (B) may include, as appropriate, 
                representatives from public safety advocacy 
                organizations described in subsection 
                (d)(2)(B)(iii).
          (3) Responsibilities.--An Issue Analysis Team shall--
                  (A) work with the Third-Party Data Manager to 
                aggregate and analyze pipeline safety data and 
                information submitted to the VIS relating to 
                the issues and topics analyzed by the Issue 
                Analysis Team; and
                  (B) submit internal reports and 
                recommendations to the Governing Board on those 
                issues and topics.
  (h) Application of FACA.--Chapter 10 of title 5 (commonly 
referred to as the ``Federal Advisory Committee Act'') shall 
not apply to--
          (1) the VIS;
          (2) the Governing Board; or
          (3) any Issue Analysis Team.
  (i) Participation in the VIS.--
          (1) In general.--The submission of data and 
        information to the VIS by any person shall be 
        voluntary, with no person compelled to participate in, 
        or to submit data or information to any person for 
        inclusion in, the VIS.
          (2) Requirement.--The VIS shall not accept data or 
        information relating to an operator if the operator has 
        not authorized the submission of that data or 
        information for inclusion in the VIS.
          (3) Encouraging information sharing.--The Governing 
        Board shall encourage the voluntary sharing of pipeline 
        safety data and information among--
                  (A) operators of gas transmission pipelines, 
                gas distribution pipelines, and hazardous 
                liquid pipelines;
                  (B) employees of those operators;
                  (C) labor unions representing those 
                employees;
                  (D) contractors of the operators described in 
                subparagraph (A);
                  (E) in-line inspection service providers;
                  (F) non-destructive evaluation experts;
                  (G) the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
                Safety Administration; and
                  (H) representatives of--
                          (i) State pipeline safety agencies;
                          (ii) relevant Tribal agencies;
                          (iii) pipeline safety public interest 
                        groups;
                          (iv) manufacturers of gas 
                        transmission, gas distribution, and 
                        hazardous liquid pipeline 
                        infrastructure and equipment; and
                          (v) relevant research and academic 
                        institutions.
          (4) Limitation on inclusion of data and information 
        in the vis.--Pipeline safety data and information 
        accepted by the Third-Party Data Manager for inclusion 
        in the VIS under subsection (f)(3)(B) shall be related 
        to the issues and topics identified by the Governing 
        Board for analysis by an Issue Analysis Team under 
        subsection (d)(5)(F).
          (5) Types of data and information included in the 
        vis.--Pipeline safety data and information accepted by 
        the Third-Party Data Manager for inclusion in the VIS 
        under subsection (f)(3)(B) may include--
                  (A) pipeline integrity risk analysis 
                information;
                  (B) lessons learned from accidents and near 
                misses;
                  (C) process improvements;
                  (D) technology deployment practices;
                  (E) information obtained through VIS pipeline 
                safety surveys of pipeline operator employees, 
                subject to the condition that such surveys are 
                voluntarily agreed to by the pipeline operator;
                  (F) pipeline safety data and information 
                which may lead to the identification of 
                pipeline safety risks, as specified by the 
                Governing Board; and
                  (G) any other relevant data or information, 
                as determined by the Governing Board.
  (j) Confidentiality.--
          (1) In general.--To facilitate the sharing of 
        otherwise nonpublic pipeline safety data and 
        information with the VIS, the data and information 
        accepted, stored, managed, analyzed, or produced by the 
        VIS--
                  (A) shall be kept confidential by the VIS; 
                and
                  (B) except as otherwise provided in this 
                section, is not subject to disclosure by the 
                VIS under any other law.
          (2) Prohibition.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (3), no person, including the Program Manager, the 
        Third-Party Data Manager, any member of the Governing 
        Board, and any member of an Issue Analysis Team, and no 
        Federal, State, local, or Tribal agency having or 
        obtaining access to nonpublic information accepted, 
        analyzed, stored, managed, or produced by the VIS may 
        release or communicate that nonpublic information from 
        the VIS, either in an identified or de-identified form, 
        to any person who does not have the authority to view 
        VIS data.
          (3) Exception.--
                  (A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraphs 
                (1) and (2) and subsections (k) and (l), on 
                approval by the Governing Board under 
                subparagraph (B), the Governing Board or the 
                Administrator may disclose de-identified 
                nonpublic information obtained by the VIS.
                  (B) Approval.--Approval to disclose de-
                identified nonpublic information under 
                subparagraph (A)--
                          (i) shall be based on an analysis of 
                        the de-identified nonpublic 
                        information; and
                          (ii) may, in the sole discretion of 
                        the Governing Board, consist of any 
                        safety findings or recommendations that 
                        the Governing Board determines to 
                        publish or authorizes the Administrator 
                        to publish to improve pipeline safety.
                  (C) Public reports.--In issuing public 
                reports under subsection (d)(5)(J), the 
                Governing Board shall approve the disclosure of 
                de-identified nonpublic information obtained by 
                the VIS that the Governing Board determines is 
                necessary to adequately describe and illustrate 
                the issues and topics being investigated and 
                analyzed by Issue Analysis Teams or the 
                Governing Board.
          (4) Savings provision.--This subsection does not 
        apply to public information that may be submitted to 
        the VIS.
  (k) Applicability of FOIA.--
          (1) Exemption.--Any nonpublic information that is 
        accepted, stored, managed, analyzed, or produced by the 
        VIS and subsequently obtained by the Secretary or the 
        Administrator from the VIS is exempt from the 
        requirements of section 552 of title 5.
          (2) Applicability.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
        this section shall be considered to be a statute 
        described in section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5.
  (l) Exclusion of VIS Information in Litigation and Other 
Proceedings.--
          (1) Excluded evidence.--Except as provided in 
        paragraph (3), any nonpublic information that is 
        accepted, stored, managed, analyzed, or produced by the 
        VIS may not be obtained from the VIS--
                  (A) for use as evidence for any purpose in 
                any Federal, State, local, Tribal, or private 
                litigation, including any action or proceeding; 
                or
                  (B) to initiate any enforcement action or 
                civil litigation against a pipeline operator or 
                the employees or contractors of a pipeline 
                operator relating to a probable violation under 
                this chapter (including any regulation 
                promulgated or order issued under this 
                chapter).
          (2) Exclusion from discovery.--Except as provided in 
        paragraph (3), any nonpublic information that is 
        accepted, stored, managed, analyzed, or produced by the 
        VIS shall not be subject to discovery from the VIS in 
        any Federal, State, local, Tribal, or private 
        litigation or other proceeding.
          (3) Limitations on exclusions.--The exclusions 
        described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to 
        data or information that--
                  (A) is evidence of a criminal violation;
                  (B) is not related to the purpose of the VIS 
                described in subsection (b)(3);
                  (C) is otherwise required to be reported to 
                the Secretary under part 190, 191 (including 
                information about an incident or accident), 
                192, 194, 195, or 199 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (or successor regulations);
                  (D) is required to be reported to a State 
                authority under State pipeline safety laws; or
                  (E) is developed or obtained from a source 
                other than the VIS, including through discovery 
                from a person or an entity other than the VIS 
                in an enforcement action or private litigation.
  (m) Effect on Discovery.--Except as provided in subsection 
(l)(2), nothing in this section or any rule or regulation 
promulgated under this section--
          (1) creates a defense to a discovery request; or
          (2) otherwise limits or affects the discovery of 
        pipeline safety data and information arising from a 
        cause of action authorized under any other Federal, 
        State, or local law.
  (n) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section affects any 
Federal, State, or local pipeline safety law.
  (o) Annual Reports.--Each fiscal year, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress, by the end of that fiscal year, a report on 
the status of the VIS.
  (p) Funding.--
          (1) Sustainable funding.--The Secretary shall--
                  (A) explore sustainable funding sources for 
                the VIS, including public-private partnerships; 
                and
                  (B) to the maximum extent practicable, 
                sustainably fund the VIS through the use of 
                those sustainable funding sources.
          (2) Limited additional funding.--In addition to the 
        fees collected under section 60301, the Secretary may 
        collect an additional $5,000,000 under that section for 
        each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to establish, 
        implement, and manage the VIS.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                    ALASKA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ACT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                          [15 U.S.C. 720n(d)]

SEC. 116. LOAN GUARANTEES.

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) Loan Terms and Fees.--[(1) The Secretary]
          (1) Loan terms.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary may issue 
                Federal guarantee instruments under this 
                section that take into account repayment 
                profiles and grace periods justified by project 
                cash flows and project-specific considerations. 
                [The term]
                  (B) Duration.--The term of any loan 
                guaranteed under this section shall not exceed 
                30 years.
  [(2) An eligible]
          (2) Fees.--
                  (A) Administrative expenses.--
                          (i) In general.--Notwithstanding any 
                        other provision of law, the Secretary 
                        shall charge, and collect on or after 
                        the date of the financial close of an 
                        obligation, a fee for a guarantee in an 
                        amount that the Secretary determines is 
                        sufficient to cover applicable 
                        administrative expenses (including any 
                        costs associated with third-party 
                        consultants engaged by the Secretary).
                          (ii) Availability.--Fees collected 
                        under this paragraph shall--
                                  (I) be deposited by the 
                                Secretary into the Treasury; 
                                and
                                  (II) remain available to the 
                                Secretary, without further 
                                appropriation, until expended 
                                to cover applicable 
                                administrative expenses 
                                described in clause (i).
                          (iii) Reduction in fee amount.--
                        Notwithstanding clause (i), and subject 
                        to the availability of appropriations, 
                        the Secretary may reduce the amount of 
                        a fee for a guarantee under this 
                        subparagraph.
                  (B) Debt obligations.--An eligible lender may 
                assess and collect from the borrower such other 
                fees and costs associated with the application 
                and origination of the loan or other debt 
                obligation as are reasonable and customary for 
                a project finance transaction in the oil and 
                gas sector.
  (e) * * *
  (f) * * *
  (g) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                           PIPES ACT OF 2020

           *       *       *       *       *       *       * 

                  [Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 2220]

SEC. 106. REGULATORY UPDATES.

  (a) Definition of Outstanding Mandate.--[In this section, the 
term ``outstanding mandate'' means--]
          (1) In general.--In this section, the term 
        ``outstanding mandate'' means a final rule described in 
        paragraph (2) that--
                  (A) is required to be issued by the Secretary 
                (including any subordinate of the Secretary); 
                and
                  (B) has not been published in the Federal 
                Register.
          (2) Final rule described.--A final rule referred to 
        in paragraph (1) is any of the following:
                  [(1)](A) [a final] A final rule required to 
                be issued under the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory 
                Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 (Public 
                Law 112-90; 125 Stat. 1904) [that has not been 
                published in the Federal Register;].
                  [(2)](B) [a final] A final rule required to 
                be issued under the PIPES Act of 2016 (Public 
                Law 114-183; 130 Stat. 514) [that has not been 
                published in the Federal Register; and].
                  [(3)](C) [any other] Any other final rule 
                regarding gas or hazardous liquid pipeline 
                facilities required to be issued under this Act 
                or an Act enacted prior to the date of 
                enactment of this Act [that has not been 
                published in the Federal Register].
                  (D) A final rule required to be issued under 
                the PIPELINE Safety Act of 2025.
  (b) Requirements.--
          (1) Periodic updates.--Not later than 30 days after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, and every 30 days 
        thereafter until a final rule [referred to in 
        paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (a) is 
        published in the Federal Register] described in 
        subsection (a)(2) is published in the Federal Register 
        with respect to the applicable outstanding mandate, the 
        Secretary shall publish on a publicly available website 
        of the Department of Transportation an update regarding 
        the status of each outstanding mandate in accordance 
        with subsection (c).
          (2) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) Required Briefing.--If the Secretary fails to update the 
website as required under subsection (b)(1), an appropriate 
employee of the Administration shall provide an in-person 
briefing to the relevant committees of Congress every 30 days 
until the requirements of that subsection are met.
  (e) Optional Briefing.--Annually, the Administrator shall 
offer to provide a briefing, by the Administrator or a 
designee, to the relevant committees of Congress on the status 
of outstanding mandates.
  (f) Restriction of Funds.--If a requirement of subsection (b) 
is not met for over 90 days, no funds authorized or 
appropriated may be used to support travel for the 
Administrator or the Deputy Administrator of the 
Administration, unless necessary for the response to or 
investigation of a pipeline or hazardous materials incident.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       * 

                PIPELINE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2002 

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

               [49 U.S.C. 60101 note; Public Law 107-355]

SEC. 12. PIPELINE INTEGRITY, SAFETY, AND RELIABILITY RESEARCH AND 
                    DEVELOPMENT.

  (a) * * *
  (b) * * *
  (c) * * *
  (d) * * *
  (e) * * *
  (f) Pipeline Integrity Program.--Of the amounts available in 
the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund established by section 9509 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9509), 
[$3,000,000] $2,500,000 shall be transferred to the Secretary 
of Transportation, as provided in appropriation Acts, to carry 
out programs for detection, prevention, and mitigation of oil 
spills for each of [the fiscal years 2021 through 2023] fiscal 
years 2026 through 2030.
  (g) * * *
  (h) * * *
  (i) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


                                  [all]