[Senate Report 119-101]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                 Calendar No. 313

119th Congress}                                           { Report
                                 SENATE
  2nd Session }                                           { 119-101

======================================================================
                  FIGHTING FOREIGN ILLEGAL SEAFOOD 
                        HARVESTS ACT OF 2025
                               __________

                              R E P O R T

                                 OF THE

           COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                                   on

                                 S. 688




                February 3, 2026.--Ordered to be printed
                              __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
69-010                      WASHINGTON : 2026               
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------     
                
       SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
                    one hundred nineteenth congress
                             second session

                       TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington
ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi         AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts
DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
TED BUDD, North Carolina             JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    JOHN W. HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
CYNTHIA M. LUMMIS, Wyoming
                  Brad Grantz, Majority Staff Director
              Lila Harper Helms, Democratic Staff Director

                                                 Calendar No. 313

119th Congress}                                           { Report
                                 SENATE
  2nd Session }                                           { 119-101

======================================================================
 
         FIGHTING FOREIGN ILLEGAL SEAFOOD HARVESTS ACT OF 2025

                                _______
                                

                February 3, 2026.--Ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

Mr. Cruz, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 
                        submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                         [To accompany S. 688]

     [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office:]

    The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to 
which was referred the bill (S. 688) to combat illegal, 
unreported, and unregulated fishing at its sources globally, 
having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with an 
amendment and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass.

                          Purpose of the Bill

    The purpose of S. 688, the Fighting Foreign Illegal Seafood 
Harvests Act of 2025, is to combat illegal, unreported, and 
unregulated (IUU) fishing at its sources by increasing 
enforcement against forced labor and IUU fishing.

                          Background and Needs

    IUU fishing is a global problem that threatens ocean 
ecosystems and sustainable fisheries because it violates laws, 
depletes fish stocks through overfishing, damages marine 
habitats, and undermines efforts to manage resources 
responsibly.\1\ IUU fishing also threatens economic security 
and places law-abiding fishermen and seafood producers in the 
United States and abroad at a competitive disadvantage by 
enabling illegal operators to evade regulations, sell 
unverified seafood at lower prices, and flood the market with 
untraceable, unregulated seafood.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\``Understanding Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing,'' 
NOAA Fisheries, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/insight/understanding-
illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-fishing.
    \2\Ibid at 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    While the word ``fishing'' is commonly used, in this case, 
it also refers to marine catches other than fish, such as 
crustaceans (crab, lobster, and shrimp), mollusks (squid, 
octopus, cuttlefish, oysters, and snails), echinoderms 
(starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers), and other 
invertebrates.\3\ IUU fishing is internationally recognized and 
defined as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\``Global Implications of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated 
(IUU) Fishing,'' National Intelligence Council, September 2019, https:/
/irp.fas.org/nic/fishing.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Illegal fishing refers to harvest of fish and other 
        marine life in waters that fall under the jurisdiction 
        of coastal States, without permission, or violating 
        those countries' laws. It also includes fishing 
        techniques forbidden by international law and in waters 
        under the jurisdiction of a Regional Fisheries 
        Management Organization (RFMO)\4\ in violation of that 
        organization's rules.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\Ibid at 1.
    \5\Ibid at 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Unreported fishing includes catch that are either 
        not reported at all or are misreported to the relevant 
        authorities, either intentionally or not. In either 
        case, unreported fishing undermines coastal States and 
        RFMO efforts to monitor and manage fisheries.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\Ibid at 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Unregulated fishing is legally the most difficult of 
        the three to tackle. It refers to fishing in 
        international waters beyond coastal State jurisdiction, 
        which is not covered by RFMO rules. It also includes 
        activities in waters covered by an RFMO by vessels 
        fishing for species not regulated by the organization's 
        rules, or by vessels without nationality or flying the 
        flag of a country not party to the RFMO, and which 
        therefore do not consider themselves bound by the 
        organization's rules.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\Ibid at 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                          DEPLETED FISH STOCKS

    Approximately 4.3 billion people rely on seafood as a large 
source of protein in their diet.\8\ This number is expected to 
grow as the world's population grows. Many fish stocks that 
serve as critical food sources are overfished or in danger of 
being overfished. The term ``fish stock'' refers to a group of 
fish of the same species that live in the same geographic area 
and mix enough to breed with each other, forming a distinct 
population.\9\ Globally, significant levels of overfishing fall 
under the internationally recognized category of IUU fishing. 
The loss of these fish stocks, higher seafood prices, and the 
inherent difficulties of managing highly migratory and 
spatially dispersed species have created increased competition 
over a diminishing resource. As fish stocks are depleted, 
unlawful fishermen are incentivized to increase their catch by 
fishing in other countries' waters and on the high seas and 
violating labor laws to cut down on costs and maximize harvest. 
Such actions undermine sustainable fishery management programs 
and further the decline of fish stocks, driving more illegal 
fishing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\``Coral Reefs 101, Why We Care About Reefs?,'' Coral Reef 
Alliance, August 2024, https://coral.org/en/coral-reefs-101/why-care-
about-reefs/food/.
    \9\``Fish Stock Assessment 101,'' NOAA Fisheries, June 17, 2013, 
https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/Assets/stock/documents/
Fish_Stock_Assessment_101.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Recent studies suggest that IUU fishing constitutes 
approximately 20 percent of global seafood catch,\10\ resulting 
in global economic losses estimated between $26 billion and $50 
billion annually.\11\ International agreements have attempted 
to help regulate this growing problem and have been helpful in 
areas where countries have visibility on fishing activity and 
strong enforcement mechanisms. Unfortunately, vast areas of the 
ocean remain unmonitored and unenforced.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\Alfredo Giron, ``How Data and Tech Can Help Combat Illegal 
Fishing,'' World Economic Forum, May 20, 2022, https://www.weforum.org/
stories/2022/05/how-can-data-and-tech-help-the-seafood-industry-to-
combat-illegal-fishing/.
    \11\Ussif Rashid Sumaila et al., ``Illicit Trade in Marine Fish 
Catch and Its Effects on Ecosystems and People Worldwide,'' Science 
Advances, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3801.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS

    Loss of fishing opportunities have led fishermen to reduce 
costs through illegal means and in some instances, have 
resulted in fishermen abandoning fishing altogether and 
sometimes pursuing other illegal activities. Many Somali 
pirates began as fishers but turned to crime once the amount of 
fish was depleted.\12\ There is evidence that some 
transnational criminal organizations, in addition to smuggling 
and other illicit activity, are participating in illegal 
fishing.\13\ Some fishers seize their deckhands' passports and 
forbid them to leave the vessel, effectively turning them into 
slave labor.\14\ Force is used to maintain discipline, with 
noncompliant workers being beaten or executed.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \12\``What Are the Causes of Maritime Piracy in Somalia Waters?,'' 
Marine Insight, July 2022, https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-piracy-
marine/causes-of-piracy-in-somalia-waters/.
    \13\Emma Witbooi et al., ``Organize Crime in the Fisheries Sector 
Threatens a Sustainable Ocean Economy,'' Nature, November 11, 2020, 
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2913-5.
    \14\``U.S. Government Task Force on Combating Illegal, Unreported, 
and Unregulated Fishing and Seafood Fraud,'' NOAA Fisheries, July 2023, 
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/international-affairs/us-
government-task-force-combating-illegal-unreported-and.
    \15\``Thailand: Forced Labor, Trafficking Persist in Fishing 
Fleets,'' Human Rights Watch, January 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/
2018/01/23/thailand-forced-labor-trafficking-persist-fishing-fleets.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Some nations help orchestrate illegal fishing to further 
their national interests and encroach on other territorial 
seas. China, with its infamous nine-dashed line, an 
internationally disputed and vaguely defined maritime boundary, 
has expanded its claim in the South China Sea, leading to 
confrontations with other countries' fishers, coast guards, and 
navies.\16\ Other countries, including Taiwan, Spain, 
Indonesia, and Mexico, have histories of illegal fishing as 
well.\17\ They have combated illegal fishing and smuggling both 
in their waters and by prosecuting their citizens for illegally 
fishing in other waters. Red snapper, for example, is 
consistently being poached by Mexican fishermen who come into 
U.S. waters and then return to Mexico with their catch. These 
fish are then sold in Mexico or exported back to the United 
States illegally. In many cases, Mexican IUU fishing vessels 
fishing in U.S. waters have also been found to smuggle drugs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \16\Zhiguo Gao and Bing Bing Jia, ``The Nine-dash Line in the South 
China Sea: History, Status, and Implications,'' American Journal of 
International Law, vol. 107, no. 1 (January 2013), pp. 98-124, https://
www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.1.0098.
    \17\Janet Coit and Dr. Richard W. Spinrad, 2023 Report to Congress: 
Improving International Fisheries Management, NOAA Fisheries, August 
2023, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/s3/2023-08/2023RTC-
ImprovingIFManagement.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                         Summary of Provisions

    S. 688, as reported, would do the following:
   Direct NOAA to establish an IUU list of foreign 
        vessels and owners engaged in IUU fishing and authorize 
        appropriations of $20 million annually for fiscal years 
        2025 through 2030 to the Department of Commerce to 
        implement these efforts.
   Authorize the Secretary of Treasury to impose 
        sanctions on vessels or other entities on the IUU 
        vessel list.
   Encourage the executive branch to address IUU 
        fishing in any relevant international agreements.
   Direct the Coast Guard to increase the monitoring 
        and potential boarding of suspected IUU fishing 
        vessels.
   Direct NOAA to commission a report from the National 
        Academy of Sciences to conduct a multifaceted study on 
        the costs of IUU fishing and authorize $4 million to 
        carry it out.
   Require the Secretary of Commerce to coordinate with 
        Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to develop a 
        strategy for using U.S. Government data to identify 
        seafood harvested on foreign vessels using forced labor 
        and publish the information on the CBP website.
   Direct the Secretary of State and NOAA to report to 
        Congress on how new technologies can aid in the fight 
        against IUU fishing, the complexities of the seafood 
        trade relationship between Russia and China, and the 
        success of prosecutions against IUU fishermen operating 
        in U.S. waters.
   Authorize $105.7 million for fiscal years 2026 
        through 2031 for the National Sea Grant College 
        Program.

                          Legislative History

    S. 688 was introduced on February 24, 2025, by Senator 
Sullivan (for himself and Senator Whitehouse) and was referred 
to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
the Senate. On April 30, 2025, the Committee met in open 
Executive Session and, by voice vote, ordered S. 688 reported 
favorably with an amendment. Senators Murkowski, Wicker, 
Graham, Merkley, Blunt Rochester, Coons, and Kennedy are 
additional cosponsors.

118th Congress

    S. 1227, the FISH Act of 2023, was introduced on April 20, 
2023, by Senator Sullivan (for himself and Senators Whitehouse, 
Murkowski, Wicker, and Schatz) and was referred to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate. Senators Coons, Graham, and Merkley were additional 
cosponsors.

117th Congress

    S. 4773, the FISH Act of 2022, was introduced on August 4, 
2022, by Senator Sullivan (for himself and Senator Whitehouse) 
and was referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate.

                            Estimated Costs

    In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee provides the 
following cost estimate, prepared by the Congressional Budget 
Office:




    The bill would:
           Reauthorize appropriations for the National 
        Sea Grant College Program
           Authorize appropriations for the National 
        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other 
        federal agencies to expand enforcement of regulations 
        against illegal, unreported, or unregulated (IUU) 
        fishing
           Authorize federal agencies to impose 
        sanctions on any foreign person or entity engaging in 
        IUU fishing
           Impose a private-sector mandate by expanding 
        the scope of authority for the Administration to 
        regulate certain transactions subject to sanctions
    Estimated budgetary effects would mainly stem from:
           Authorizing appropriations for the National 
        Sea Grant College Program
           Authorizing appropriations to expand 
        enforcement of regulations against IUU fishing
    Bill summary: S. 688 would reauthorize the National Sea 
Grant College Program until September 30, 2031. In addition, 
the bill would authorize appropriations for the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and other federal 
agencies to expand enforcement of regulations against illegal, 
unreported, or unregulated (IUU) fishing and establish and 
maintain a blacklist of foreign vessels involved in those 
activities. The bill would increase sanctions and penalties for 
violators and would require agencies to track the use of forced 
labor on those vessels.
    Estimated Federal cost: The estimated budgetary effect of 
S. 688 is shown in Table 1. The costs of the legislation fall 
within budget function 300 (natural resources and environment).

                 TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION UNDER S. 688
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      By fiscal year, millions of dollars--
                                                                ------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                          2026-
                                                                  2026    2027    2028    2029    2030     2030
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Sea Grant College Program:
    Authorization..............................................     112     112     112     112     112      560
    Estimated Outlays..........................................      67      92     108     111     111      489
IUU Fishing Enforcement and Blacklist:
    Authorization..............................................      24      20      20      20      20      104
    Estimated Outlays..........................................      14      17      20      20      20       91
Administrative Costs:
    Estimated Authorization....................................       4       1       1       1       1        8
    Estimated Outlays..........................................       3       1       1       1       1        7
    Total Changes:
        Estimated Authorization................................     140     133     133     133     133      672
        Estimated Outlays......................................      84     110     129     132     132      587
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IUU = illegal, unreported, or unregulated.
CBO estimates that enacting the bill would change direct spending and revenues over the 2026-2035 period by an
  insignificant amount.

    Basis of estimate: CBO assumes that S. 688 will be enacted 
by the end of calendar year 2025 and that the authorized and 
necessary amounts will be available in each year.
    Spending subject to appropriation: Based on historical 
spending patterns, CBO estimates that implementing the bill 
would cost $587 million over the 2026-2030 period.
    National Sea Grant College Program. S. 688 would authorize 
the appropriation of $112 million annually from 2026 through 
2031 for the National Sea Grant College Program. That program 
is a partnership between NOAA and 34 universities that focuses 
on research, conservation, and the effective use of U.S. 
coastal resources. In 2024, the Congress provided $80 million 
for the program. CBO estimates that implementing the provision 
would cost $489 million over the 2026-2030 period and $175 
million after 2030, assuming appropriation of the authorized 
amounts.
    Enforcement of Illegal-Fishing Regulations and Blacklisting 
Violators. S. 688 would authorize the appropriation of $20 
million annually from 2026 through 2030 for NOAA, in 
coordination with Customs and Border Protection, and the 
Departments of Labor and State, to expand enforcement of 
regulations against IUU fishing.
    Under the bill, NOAA would maintain and publish a blacklist 
of foreign vessels that violate IUU-fishing regulations and 
that are identified as using forced labor in those activities. 
The agency also would be directed to issue regulations for 
adding vessels to and removing them from the list.
    S. 688 also would authorize $4 million for the National 
Academy of Sciences to study the use of forced labor in IUU 
fishing, the costs to the global economy of those activities, 
and the effectiveness of strategies for deterring them.
    CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost 
$91 million over the 2026-2030 period and $12 million after 
2030, assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts.
    Administrative Costs. Using information from the agencies, 
CBO estimates that implementing S. 688 would cost NOAA $4 
million in the first year to develop a strategy to increase 
IUU-fishing inspection and enforcement programs, to coordinate 
with other federal agencies and regional fisheries management 
organizations, and to collect and analyze data and prepare 
reports.\1\ Thereafter, costs would total about $1 million 
annually for enforcement and increased screening of seafood 
imports. CBO estimates that those activities would cost a total 
of $7 million over the 2026-2030 period; any related spending 
would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\The United States is a member of several regional fisheries 
management organizations, including the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries 
Organization, the North Pacific Fisheries Commission, the South East 
Atlantic Fisheries Organization, and the Western Central Atlantic 
Fisheries Commission. The goal of those treaty-based organizations is 
to sustainably manage and conserve shared fish stocks and other marine 
resources.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Direct spending and revenues: S. 688 would allow the 
Administration to impose sanctions on any foreign persons or 
entities engaging in IUU fishing. CBO estimates that enacting 
the bill would have an insignificant effect on direct spending 
and revenues over the 2026-2035 period stemming from the 
sanctions the bill would authorize.
    Under current law, the Administration can sanction foreign 
persons and entities that engage in corruption, including IUU 
fishing. If the enactment of S. 688 leads the Administration to 
broaden those sanctions, more people would be denied visas by 
the Department of State, resulting in an insignificant decrease 
in revenues from visa fees. Although most visa fees are 
retained by the Department of State and spent, some collections 
are deposited in the Treasury as revenues. Denying foreign 
nationals entry into the United States also would reduce direct 
spending on federal benefits (emergency Medicaid or federal 
subsidies for health insurance, for example) for which those 
people might otherwise be eligible.
    The bill would block transactions involving certain assets 
either in the United States or under the control of people or 
entities in the United States. Under the bill, any person or 
entity violating those prohibitions would be subject to civil 
or criminal monetary penalties. Such penalties are recorded as 
revenues, and a portion can be spent without further 
appropriation.
    Using data from similar sanctions, CBO estimates that any 
additional sanctions imposed under the bill would affect a 
small number of people. Thus, enacting S. 688 would have 
insignificant effects on revenues and direct spending, and 
would, on net, reduce deficits by insignificant amounts over 
the 2026-2035 period.
    Pay-As-You-Go considerations: The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go 
Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement 
procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or 
revenues. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would change 
direct spending and revenues by less than $500,000 over the 
2026-2035 period.
    Increase in long-term net direct spending and deficits: CBO 
estimates that enacting S. 688 would not increase net direct 
spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 
10-year periods beginning in 2036.
    Mandates: S. 688 would impose a private-sector mandate as 
defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) by expanding 
the scope of authority for the Administration to regulate 
transactions between entities in the United States and foreign 
entities and officials of foreign governments who would be 
subject to sanctions under the bill. That expansion would 
result in additional burdens on individuals and entities, such 
as banks, in the United States that are required to monitor and 
report on foreign transactions and to block access to certain 
assets owned by sanctioned entities. Such an expansion also 
would prohibit transactions between entities in the United 
States and sanctioned parties that otherwise would be permitted 
under current law.
    The cost of the mandate would be any income or profit lost 
as a result of the bill's enactment. CBO expects that because a 
small number of people or entities would be affected, the loss 
of income from any incremental increase in restrictions imposed 
by the bill would be small as well. CBO estimates that the cost 
of the mandate would fall well below the annual threshold 
established in UMRA for private-sector mandates ($206 million 
in 2025, adjusted annually for inflation).
    S. 688 contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined in 
UMRA.
    Estimate prepared by: Federal Costs: Aurora Swanson; 
Mandates: Erich Dvorak and Brandon Lever.
    Estimate reviewed by: Ann E. Futrell, Chief, Natural and 
Physical Resources Cost Estimates Unit; Kathleen FitzGerald, 
Chief, Public and Private Mandates Unit; H. Samuel Papenfuss, 
Deputy Director of Budget Analysis.
    Estimate approved by: Mark P. Hadley for Phillip L. Swagel, 
Director, Congressional Budget Office.

                      Regulatory Impact Statement

    In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the 
following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the 
legislation, as reported:

                       NUMBER OF PERSONS COVERED

    S. 688, as reported, would impose new sanctions and other 
penalties on persons who are covered under the required IUU 
vessel list, which would include those individuals employed on 
vessels in vessel fleets and who are the owners of vessels 
found to be conducting IUU fishing.

                            ECONOMIC IMPACT

    S. 688, as reported, may have a minimal adverse impact on 
the economy of the Nation. The bill would impose narrowly 
applied sanctions, enforce international fishing standards, and 
protect American fishermen from unfair foreign competition 
without imposing undue regulatory burdens on domestic 
industries.

                                PRIVACY

    S. 688, as reported, would have minimal adverse impact on 
the personal privacy of individuals. The bill would impact 
persons who are covered under the required IUU vessel list, 
which would include those individuals employed on vessels, in 
vessel fleets and who are the owners of vessels found to be 
conducting IUU fishing.

                               PAPERWORK

    S. 688, as reported, would not require a major increase in 
paperwork burdens. Increases in paperwork requirements for 
Federal agencies would include a requirement for NOAA to 
maintain the IUU vessel list and the Coast Guard to submit a 
report to Congress detailing bilateral agreements used during 
patrol. It would also require the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, NOAA, and the Working Group to conduct a study to 
assess the impact of new technology on IUU fishing and 
associated crime and propose ways to integrate these 
technologies into global fisheries enforcement and management. 
It would also require the Secretary of State, with support from 
the Secretary of Commerce, to conduct a study on the influence 
of the Russian and Chinese fishing industries on one another 
and on the U.S. seafood and fishing industry.

                   Congressionally Directed Spending

    In compliance with paragraph 4(b) of rule XLIV of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides that no 
provisions contained in the bill, as reported, meet the 
definition of congressionally directed spending items under the 
rule.

                      Section-by-Section Analysis


Section 1. Short title.

    This section would provide that the bill may be cited as 
the ``Fighting Foreign Illegal Seafood Harvests Act of 2025'' 
or the ``FISH Act of 2025''.

Section 2. Definitions.

    This section would define the terms ``Administrator'', 
``beneficial owner'', ``fish'', ``forced labor'', ``IUU 
fishing'', ``regional fisheries management organization'', 
``seafood'', and ``Secretary''.

Section 3. Statement of policy.

    This section would state that the policy of the United 
States is to consult and coordinate with a wide array of 
partners and stakeholders to continue the broad effort across 
the U.S. Government to combat IUU fishing.

Section 4. Establishment of a black list (IUU vessel list).

    This section would direct NOAA, in coordination with other 
Federal agencies, to establish a list of foreign vessels, 
foreign fleets, and beneficial owners of foreign vessels or 
fleets engaged in IUU fishing. Criteria for inclusion on the 
list would include violations such as involvement in IUU 
fishing, forced labor, or violation of international fishing 
management organization regulations. This section would outline 
the procedures for nominating and adding foreign vessels to the 
IUU vessel list, direct NOAA to make the list publicly 
available, and list the consequences for being on the IUU 
vessel list. Additionally, this section would outline the 
enforcement measures of being on the IUU list, set a process 
for removing vessels from the list, and require NOAA to issue 
regulations for maintaining and publishing the IUU vessel list. 
Finally, this section would authorize appropriations of $20 
million annually for fiscal years 2025 through 2030 to the 
Department of Commerce to implement these efforts.

Section 5. Imposition of sanctions.

    This section would authorize the Secretary of the Treasury 
to impose sanctions on foreign individuals, foreign vessels, or 
entities involved in harmful activities, such as trading 
endangered fish species or participating in IUU fishing, and 
would describe the sanctions which could be imposed.

Section 6. Agreements.

    This section would encourage the President to consider the 
impact of IUU fishing and forced labor in negotiations with 
foreign nations and strengthen efforts to combat these issues 
in relevant agreements. This section would also urge the 
Federal Government to promote the ratification of treaties like 
the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and engage in international 
initiatives, including those within the G7, G20, and the United 
Nations, to address IUU fishing's underlying drivers. Lastly, 
this section would also consider any memorandums of 
understanding or other non-binding instruments that further 
these objectives as qualifying non-binding instruments under 
U.S. law.

Section 7. Enforcement provisions.

    This section would direct the Coast Guard to increase the 
monitoring and potential boarding of suspected IUU fishing 
vessels on the high seas and coordinate with NOAA and regional 
fisheries management organizations to assess corrective actions 
taken by countries whose registered vessels have been boarded 
for IUU fishing suspicions. Additionally, this section would 
require the Coast Guard, no later than 3 years after enactment, 
to submit a report to Congress detailing bilateral agreements 
used during patrols, incidents of IUU fishing observed during 
patrols, vessel information, actions taken upon boarding 
refusals, and potential enforcement measures to curb IUU 
fishing.

Section 8. Improved management at the Regional Fisheries Management 
        Organizations.

    This section would amend the Maritime SAFE Act to expand 
the responsibilities of the Interagency Working Group on IUU 
Fishing to include the development of strategies for leveraging 
enforcement capacity against IUU fishing, forced labor, and 
human trafficking. This section would also direct the Secretary 
of State, in coordination with the Coast Guard, and NOAA, to 
identify regional fisheries management organizations in the 
United States that lack high seas boarding inspection programs, 
and assess obstacles, needed authorities, or ongoing efforts to 
enhance these programs.

Section 9. Strategies to optimize data collection, sharing, and 
        analysis.

    This section would direct the Working Group to produce a 
report, no later than 3 years after enactment, that identifies 
relevant data streams from Working Group members and barriers 
to data sharing; provides recommendations for joint 
enforcement, collaboration, and information sharing between 
Federal agencies, enhancing CBP and NOAA's field investigation 
capacity, disseminating IUU fishing analysis, establishing an 
IUU fishing information sharing center, and developing an 
implementation strategy; and includes an analysis of IUU 
fishing policies of other countries.

Section 10. Investment and technical assistance in the fisheries 
        sector.

    This section would encourage the Secretary of State, the 
U.S. Agency for International Development Administrator, and 
the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with heads of 
relevant agencies, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, and 
multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, to increase 
support for programs that provide technical assistance to and 
investment in nations' fisheries sector. This section would 
also require the Interagency Working group to analyze U.S. 
capacity-building expertise and resources to provide support to 
nations' fisheries sectors.

Section 11. Preventing importation of seafood and seafood products from 
        foreign vessels using forced labor.

    This section would require the Secretary of Commerce to 
coordinate with CBP to develop a strategy for using U.S. 
Government data to identify seafood harvested on foreign 
vessels using forced labor and publish the information on the 
CBP website.

Section 12. Reports.

    This section would direct the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, NOAA, and the Working Group to conduct a study to 
assess the impact of new technology on IUU fishing and 
associated crime and propose ways to integrate these 
technologies into global fisheries enforcement and management. 
This section would also require the Secretary of State, with 
support from the Secretary of Commerce, to conduct a study on 
the influence of the Russian and Chinese fishing industries on 
one another and on the U.S. seafood and fishing industry.
    This section would also direct NOAA to enter into an 
agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
and Medicine to undertake a multifaceted study on the costs of 
IUU fishing. This section would authorize appropriations of $4 
million to carry out the study.
    Lastly, this section would require NOAA to submit a report 
to Congress regarding the findings and recommendations from the 
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 
study, no later than 24 months after enactment.

Section 13. Authorization of appropriations for National Sea Grant 
        College Program.

    This section would authorize appropriations of $105.7 
million for each fiscal year 2026 through 2031.

                        Changes in Existing Law

    In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
material is printed in italic, existing law in which no change 
is proposed is shown in roman):

HIGH SEAS DRIFTNET FISHING MORATORIUM PROTECTION ACT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE VI--DRIFTNET MORATORIUM

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


                           [16 U.S.C. 1826i]

SEC 608. ACTION TO STRENGTHEN INTERNATIONAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT 
                    ORGANIZATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, and in cooperation with relevant fishery 
management councils and any relevant advisory committees, shall 
take actions to improve the effectiveness of international 
fishery management organizations, or arrangements made pursuant 
to an international fishery agreement, in conserving and 
managing fish stocks under their jurisdiction. These actions 
shall include--
            (1) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

    (b) Disclosure of Information.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, subject to the data 
        confidentiality provisions in section 402 of the 
        Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 
        Act (16 U.S.C. 1881a) except as provided in paragraph 
        (2), may disclose, as necessary and appropriate, 
        information, including information collected under 
        joint authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery 
        Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et 
        seq.) and the Atlantic Tunas Convention Act of 1975 (16 
        U.S.C. 71 et seq.), the Western and Central Pacific 
        Fisheries Convention Implementation Act (16 U.S.C. 6901 
        et seq.), any other statute implementing an 
        international fishery agreement, to any other Federal 
        or State government agency, the Food and Agriculture 
        Organization of the United Nations, or the secretariat 
        or equivalent of an international fishery management 
        organization or arrangement made pursuant to an 
        international fishery agreement, if such government, 
        organization, or arrangement, respectively, has 
        policies and procedures to protect such information 
        from unintended or unauthorized disclosure.
            (2) Exceptions.--The data confidentiality 
        provisions in section 402 of the Magnuson-Stevens 
        Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 
        1881a) shall not apply with respect to this Act--
                    (A) for obligations of the United States to 
                share information under a regional fisheries 
                management organization (as that term is 
                defined by the United Nation's Food and 
                Agriculture Organization Agreement on Port 
                State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate 
                Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing) of 
                which the United States is a member; or
                    (B) to any information collected by the 
                Secretary regarding foreign vessels.
    [(c) IUU Vessel Lists.--The Secretary may--
            [(1) develop, maintain, and make public a list of 
        vessels and vessel owners engaged in illegal, 
        unreported, or unregulated fishing or fishing-related 
        activities in support of illegal, unreported, or 
        unregulated fishing, including vessels or vessel owners 
        identified by an international fishery management 
        organization or arrangement made pursuant to an 
        international fishery agreement, that--
                    [(A) the United States is party to; or
                    [(B) the United States is not party to, but 
                whose procedures and criteria in developing and 
                maintaining a list of such vessels and vessel 
                owners are substantially similar to such 
                procedures and criteria adopted pursuant to an 
                international fishery agreement to which the 
                United States is a party; and
            [(2) take appropriate action against listed vessels 
        and vessel owners, including action against fish, fish 
        parts, or fish products from such vessels, in 
        accordance with applicable United States law and 
        consistent with applicable international law, including 
        principles, rights, and obligations established in 
        applicable international fishery management agreements 
        and trade agreements.
    [(d) Regulations.--The Secretary may promulgate regulations 
to implement this section.]
    (c) Black List (IUU Vessel List).--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination 
        with the Secretary of State, the Commissioner of U.S. 
        Customs and Border Protection, and the Secretary of 
        Labor, shall develop, maintain, and make public a list 
        of foreign vessels, foreign fleets, and beneficial 
        owners of foreign vessels or foreign fleets engaged in 
        IUU fishing or fishing-related activities in support of 
        IUU fishing (referred to in this section as the ``IUU 
        vessel list'').
            (2) Inclusion on list.--The IUU vessel list shall 
        include any foreign vessel, foreign fleet, or 
        beneficial owner of a foreign vessel or foreign fleet 
        for which the Secretary determines there is clear and 
        convincing evidence to believe that a foreign vessel is 
        any of the following (even if the Secretary has only 
        partial information regarding the foreign vessel):
                    (A) A foreign vessel listed on an IUU 
                vessel list of an international fishery 
                management organization.
                    (B) A foreign vessel taking part in fishing 
                that undermines the effectiveness of an 
                international fishery management organization's 
                conservation and management measures, including 
                a foreign vessel--
                            (i) exceeding applicable 
                        international fishery management 
                        organization catch limits; or
                            (ii) that is operating inconsistent 
                        with relevant catch allocation 
                        arrangements of the international 
                        fishery management organization, even 
                        if operating under the authority of a 
                        foreign country that is not a member of 
                        the international fishery management 
                        organization.
                    (C) A foreign vessel, either on the high 
                seas or in the exclusive economic zone of 
                another country, identified and reported by 
                United States authorities to an international 
                fishery management organization to be 
                conducting IUU fishing when the United States 
                has reason to believe the foreign country to 
                which the foreign vessel is registered or 
                documented is not addressing the allegation.
                    (D) A foreign vessel, foreign fleet, or 
                beneficial owner of a foreign vessel or foreign 
                fleet on the high seas identified by United 
                States authorities to be conducting IUU fishing 
                or fishing that involves the use of forced 
                labor, including individuals and entities 
                subject to a withhold release order or a 
                finding issued by U.S. Customs and Border 
                Protection pursuant to section 307 of the 
                Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307) or any 
                other U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
                enforcement action, sanctions imposed by the 
                Department of the Treasury under the Global 
                Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (22 
                U.S.C. 10101 et seq.), or any other United 
                States Government forced labor prevention or 
                enforcement action that has not been 
                subsequently revoked.
                    (E) A foreign vessel that provides services 
                (excluding emergency or enforcement services) 
                to a foreign vessel that is on the IUU vessel 
                list, including transshipment, resupply, 
                refueling, or pilotage.
                    (F) A foreign vessel that is a fishing 
                vessel engaged in commercial fishing within the 
                exclusive economic zone of the United States 
                without a permit issued under title II of the 
                Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and 
                Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1821 et seq.).
                    (G) A foreign vessel that has the same 
                beneficial owner as a foreign vessel on the IUU 
                vessel list at the time of the infraction.
                    (H) A foreign vessel or beneficial owner of 
                a foreign vessel subject to economic sanctions 
                administered by the Department of the Treasury 
                Office of Foreign Assets Control for 
                transnational criminal activity associated with 
                IUU fishing under Executive Order 13581 (76 
                Fed. Reg. 44757, 84 Fed. Reg. 10255; relating 
                to blocking property of transnational criminal 
                organizations), or any other applicable 
                economic sanctions program, including sanctions 
                imposed by the Department of the Treasury under 
                the Global Magnitsky Human Rights 
                Accountability Act (22 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.).
            (3) Nominations to be put on the black (iuu vessel) 
        list.--The Secretary may receive nominations for 
        putting a foreign vessel on the IUU vessel list from--
                    (A) the head of an executive branch agency 
                that is a member of the Interagency Working 
                Group on IUU Fishing established under section 
                3551 of the Maritime SAFE Act (16 U.S.C. 8031);
                    (B) a country that is a member of the 
                Combined Maritime Forces; or
                    (C) civil organizations that have data-
                sharing agreements with a member of the 
                Interagency Working Group on IUU Fishing.
            (4) Procedures for addition.--The Secretary may put 
        a foreign vessel on the IUU vessel list only after 
        notification to the foreign vessel's beneficial owner 
        and a review of any information that the owner provides 
        within 90 days of the notification.
            (5) Public information.--The Secretary shall 
        publish its procedures for adding foreign vessels on, 
        and removing foreign vessels from, the IUU vessel list. 
        The Secretary shall publish the IUU vessel list itself 
        in the Federal Register annually and on a website, 
        which shall be updated any time a foreign vessel is 
        added to the IUU vessel list, and include the following 
        information (as much as is available and confirmed) for 
        each foreign vessel on the IUU vessel list:
                    (A) The name of the foreign vessel and 
                previous names of the foreign vessel.
                    (B) The International Maritime Organization 
                (IMO) number of the foreign vessel, or other 
                Unique Vessel Identifier (such as the flag 
                state permit number or authorized vessel number 
                issued by an international fishery management 
                organization).
                    (C) The maritime mobile service identity 
                number and call sign of the foreign vessel.
                    (D) The business or corporate address of 
                each beneficial owner of the foreign vessel.
                    (E) The country where the foreign vessel is 
                registered or documented, and where it was 
                previously registered if known.
                    (F) The date of inclusion on the IUU vessel 
                list of the foreign vessel.
                    (G) Any other Unique Vessel Identifier 
                (UVI), if applicable.
                    (H) Any other identifying information on 
                the foreign vessel, as determined appropriate 
                by the Secretary.
                    (I) The basis for the Secretary's inclusion 
                of the foreign vessel on the IUU vessel list 
                under paragraph (2).
    (d) Consequences of Being on Black List (IUU Vessel 
List).--
            (1) In general.--Except for the purposes of 
        inspection and enforcement or in case of force majeure, 
        a foreign vessel on the IUU vessel list is prohibited 
        from--
                    (A) accessing United States ports and using 
                port services;
                    (B) traveling through the United States 
                territorial sea unless it is conducting 
                innocent passage; and
                    (C) delivering or receiving supplies or 
                services, or transshipment, within waters 
                subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
                States, unless such prohibition would be 
                inconsistent with customary international law.
            (2) Servicing prohibited.--No vessel of the United 
        States may service a foreign vessel that is on the IUU 
        vessel list, except in an emergency involving life and 
        safety or to facilitate enforcement.
            (3) Imports prohibited.--The import of seafood or 
        seafood products caught, processed, or transported by 
        foreign vessels on the IUU vessel list is prohibited 
        and shall be subject to the enforcement provisions of 
        section 606.
            (4) Fishing treaties and agreements.--It should be 
        a priority for United States delegations to--
                    (A) advocate for the incorporation of 
                articles in international fishery management 
                organizations providing identical or similar 
                safeguards described in this section in new and 
                updated bilateral or multilateral fishing 
                treaties; and
                    (B) encourage parties to international and 
                regional fisheries organizations that the 
                United States is party to, or holds observer 
                status, to take similar measures described in 
                this section.
    (e) Enforcement of Black List (IUU Vessel List).--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (2), a foreign vessel on the IUU vessel list and the 
        cargo of such vessel shall be subject to seizure and 
        forfeiture to the United States in the same manner as 
        merchandise is forfeited for violation of the customs 
        revenue laws.
            (2) Exception.--The cargo of seafood of a foreign 
        vessel on the IUU vessel list shall not be subject to 
        seizure and forfeiture to the United States if the 
        cargo of seafood is in the possession of an importer 
        who has paid for the cargo of seafood and did not know, 
        or did not have any reason to know, that the seafood 
        was the product of IUU fishing.
    (f) Permanency of Black List (IUU Vessel List).--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraphs 
        (2) through (4), a foreign vessel, foreign fleet, or 
        beneficial owner of a foreign vessel or foreign fleet 
        that is put on the IUU vessel list shall remain on the 
        IUU vessel list.
            (2) Revocation of wro.--The Secretary shall remove 
        a foreign vessel or foreign fleet from the IUU vessel 
        list if the foreign vessel was added to the IUU vessel 
        list because it was found by U.S. Customs and Border 
        Protection to have had a withhold release order or a 
        finding issued pursuant to section 307 of the Tariff 
        Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307) and the withhold release 
        order was subsequently revoked.
            (3) Application by owner for potential removal.--
                    (A) In general.--In consultation with the 
                Secretary of State and the U.S. Customs and 
                Border Protection, the Secretary may remove a 
                foreign vessel, foreign fleet, or beneficial 
                owner of a foreign vessel or foreign fleet from 
                the IUU vessel list if the beneficial owner of 
                the foreign vessel submits an application for 
                removal to the Secretary that meets the 
                standards that the Secretary has set out for 
                removal.
                    (B) Standards.--The Secretary shall include 
                in the standards set out for removal a 
                determination that the foreign vessel or 
                foreign vessel owner has not engaged in IUU 
                fishing or fishing that involves the use of 
                forced labor during the 5-year period preceding 
                the date of the application for removal. The 
                Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary 
                of State and the U.S. Customs and Border 
                Protection, shall determine whether each 
                application for removal demonstrates that 
                sufficient corrective action has been taken to 
                remediate the violations and infractions that 
                led to the inclusion on the IUU vessel list.
                    (C) Consideration of relevant 
                information.--In considering an application for 
                removal, the Secretary shall consider relevant 
                information from all sources.
            (4) Removal due to international fishery management 
        organization action.--The Secretary may remove a 
        foreign vessel from the IUU vessel list if the foreign 
        vessel was put on the list because it was a foreign 
        vessel listed on an IUU vessel list of an international 
        fishery management organization, pursuant to subsection 
        (c)(2)(A), and the international fishery management 
        organization removed the foreign vessel from its IUU 
        vessel list.
    (g) Regulations and Process.--Not later than 12 months 
after the date of enactment of the Fighting Foreign Illegal 
Seafood Harvests Act of 2025, the Secretary shall issue 
regulations to set a process for establishing, maintaining, 
implementing, and publishing the IUU vessel list. The 
Administrator may add or remove a foreign vessel, foreign 
fleet, or beneficial owner of a foreign vessel or foreign fleet 
from the IUU vessel list on the date the foreign vessel becomes 
eligible for such addition or removal.
    (h) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Administrator.--Unless otherwise provided, the 
        term ``Administrator'' means the Administrator of the 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the 
        designee of the Administrator.
            (2) Beneficial owner.--The term ``beneficial 
        owner'' means, with respect to a vessel, a person that, 
        directly or indirectly, through any contract, 
        arrangement, understanding, relationship, or 
        otherwise--
                    (A) exercises substantial control over the 
                vessel; or
                    (B) owns not less than 50 percent of the 
                ownership interests in the vessel.
            (3) Forced labor.--The term ``forced labor'' has 
        the meaning given that term in section 307 of the 
        Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307).
            (4) Foreign vessel.--The term ``foreign vessel'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 110 of title 
        46, United States Code.
            (5) International fishery management 
        organization.--The term ``international fishery 
        management organization'' means an international 
        organization established by any bilateral or 
        multilateral treaty, convention, or agreement for the 
        conservation and management of fish.
            (6) IUU fishing.--The term ``IUU fishing'' means 
        activities described as illegal fishing, unreported 
        fishing, or unregulated fishing in paragraph 3 of the 
        International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and 
        Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, 
        adopted at the 24th Session of the Committee on 
        Fisheries in Rome on March 2, 2001.
            (7) Seafood.--The term ``seafood'' means fish, 
        shellfish, processed fish, fish meal, shellfish 
        products, and all other forms of marine animal and 
        plant life other than marine mammals and birds.
    (i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Department of Commerce to carry out 
this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
2030.
            (1) * * *
            (2) * * *
            (3) * * *
            (4) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


MARITIME SAFE ACT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


 DIVISION C--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NATIONAL SECURITY AUTHORIZATIONS AND 
OTHER AUTHORIZATIONS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE XXXV--MARITIME MATTERS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Subtitle C--Maritime SAFE Act

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


   PART II--ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON IUU FISHING


                          [16 U.S.C. 8031(c)]

SEC. 3551. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON IUU FISHING.

    (a) * * *
    (b) * * *
    (c) Responsibilities.--The Working Group shall ensure an 
integrated, Federal Government-wide response to IUU fishing 
globally, including by--
            (1) improving the coordination of Federal agencies 
        to identify, interdict, investigate, prosecute, and 
        dismantle IUU fishing operations and organizations 
        perpetrating and knowingly benefitting from IUU 
        fishing;
            (2) assessing areas for increased interagency 
        information sharing on matters related to IUU fishing 
        and related crimes;
            (3) establishing standards for information sharing 
        related to maritime enforcement;
            (4) maximizing the utility of the import data 
        collected by the members of the Working Group by 
        harmonizing data standards and entry fields;
            (5) developing a strategy to determine how military 
        assets and intelligence can contribute to enforcement 
        strategies to combat IUU fishing;
            (6) increasing maritime domain awareness relating 
        to IUU fishing and related crimes and developing a 
        strategy to leverage awareness for enhanced enforcement 
        and prosecution actions against IUU fishing;
            (7) supporting the adoption and implementation of 
        the Port State Measures Agreement in relevant countries 
        and assessing the capacity and training needs in such 
        countries;
            (8) outlining a strategy to coordinate, increase, 
        and use shiprider agreements between the Department of 
        Defense or the Coast Guard and relevant countries;
            (9) enhancing cooperation with partner governments 
        to combat IUU fishing;
            (10) identifying opportunities for increased 
        information sharing between Federal agencies and 
        partner governments working to combat IUU fishing;
            (11) consulting and coordinating with the seafood 
        industry and nongovernmental stakeholders that work to 
        combat IUU fishing;
            (12) supporting the work of collaborative 
        international initiatives to make available certified 
        data from state authorities about vessel and vessel-
        related activities related to IUU fishing;
            (13) supporting the identification and 
        certification procedures to address IUU fishing in 
        accordance with the High Seas Driftnet Fishing 
        Moratorium Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1826d et seq.); 
        [and]
            (14) publishing annual reports summarizing 
        nonsensitive information about the Working Group's 
        efforts to investigate, enforce, and prosecute groups 
        and individuals engaging in IUU fishing[.];
            (15) developing a strategy for leveraging 
        enforcement capacity against IUU fishing, particularly 
        focusing on nations identified under section 609(a) of 
        the High Seas Driftnet Fishing Moratorium Protection 
        Act (16 U.S.C. 1826j(a)); and
            (16) developing a strategy for leveraging 
        enforcement capacity against associated abuses, such as 
        fishing that involves the use of forced labor and other 
        illegal labor practices, and increasing enforcement and 
        other actions across relevant import control and 
        assessment programs, using as resources--
                    (A) the List of Goods Produced by Child 
                Labor or Forced Labor produced pursuant to 
                section 105 of the Trafficking Victims 
                Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (22 
                U.S.C. 7112);
                    (B) the Trafficking in Persons Report 
                required under section 110 of the Trafficking 
                Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 
                7107);
                    (C) United States Customs and Border 
                Protection's Forced Labor Division and 
                enforcement activities and regulations 
                authorized under section 307 of the Tariff Act 
                of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307); and
                    (D) reports submitted under the Uyghur 
                Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (22 U.S.C. 6901 
                note).
    (d) The Impacts of IUU Fishing and Fishing Involving the 
Use of Forced Labor.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation 
        with relevant members of the Working Group, shall seek 
        to enter into an arrangement with the National 
        Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under 
        which the National Academies will undertake a 
        multifaceted study that includes the following:
                    (A) An analysis that quantifies the 
                occurrence and extent of IUU fishing and 
                fishing involving the use of forced labor among 
                all flag states.
                    (B) An evaluation of the costs to the 
                United States economy of IUU fishing and 
                fishing involving the use of forced labor.
                    (C) An assessment of the costs to the 
                global economy of IUU fishing and fishing 
                involving the use of forced labor.
                    (D) An assessment of the effectiveness of 
                response strategies to counter IUU fishing, 
                including both domestic programs and foreign 
                capacity-building and partnering programs.
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
        subsection $4,000,000.

SEC. 3552. STRATEGIC PLAN.

    (a) Strategic Plan.--Not later than 2 years after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Working Group, after 
consultation with the relevant stakeholders, shall submit to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the 
Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Natural Resources of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the House of Representatives a 5-year 
integrated strategic plan on combating IUU fishing and 
enhancing maritime security, including specific strategies with 
monitoring benchmarks for addressing IUU fishing in priority 
regions.
    (b) Identification of Priority Regions and Priority Flag 
States.--
            (1) In general.--The strategic plan submitted under 
        subsection (a) shall identify priority regions and 
        priority flag states to be the focus of assistance 
        coordinated by the Working Group under section 3551.
            (2) Priority region selection criteria.--In 
        selecting priority regions under paragraph (1), the 
        Working Group shall select regions that--
                    (A) are at high risk for IUU fishing 
                activity or the entry of illegally caught 
                seafood into their markets; and
                    (B) lack the capacity to fully address the 
                issues described in subparagraph (A).
            (3) Priority flag states selection criteria.--In 
        selecting priority flag states under paragraph (1), the 
        Working Group shall select countries--
                    (A) the flagged vessels of which actively 
                engage in, knowingly profit from, or are 
                complicit in IUU fishing; and
                    (B) that lack the capacity to police their 
                fleet.
    (c) Strategies To Optimize Data Collection, Sharing, and 
Analysis.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of the Fighting Foreign Illegal Seafood Harvests Act of 2025, 
the Working Group shall identify information and resources to 
prevent fish and fish products from IUU fishing and fishing 
that involves the use of forced labor from entering United 
States commerce without increasing burden or trade barriers on 
seafood not produced from IUU fishing. The report shall include 
the following:
            (1) Identification of relevant data streams 
        collected by Working Group members.
            (2) Identification of legal, jurisdictional, or 
        other barriers to the sharing of such data.
            (3) In consultation with the Secretary of Defense, 
        recommendations for joint enforcement protocols, 
        collaboration, and information sharing between Federal 
        agencies and States.
            (4) Recommendations for sharing and developing 
        forensic resources between Federal agencies and States.
            (5) Recommendations for enhancing capacity for 
        United States Customs and Border Protection and 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to 
        conduct more effective field investigations and 
        enforcement efforts with U.S. state enforcement 
        officials.
            (6) Recommendations for improving data collection 
        and automated risk-targeting of seafood imports within 
        the United States International Trade Data System and 
        Automated Commercial Environment.
            (7) Recommendations for the dissemination of IUU 
        fishing and fishing that involves the use of forced 
        labor analysis and information to those governmental 
        and non-governmental entities that could use it for 
        action and awareness, with the aim to establish an IUU 
        fishing information sharing center.
            (8) Recommendations for an implementation strategy, 
        including measures for ensuring that trade in seafood 
        not linked to IUU fishing and forced labor is not 
        impeded.
            (9) An analysis of the IUU fishing policies and 
        regulatory regimes of other countries in order to 
        develop policy and regulatory alternatives for United 
        States consideration.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


NATIONAL SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM ACT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE II--NATIONAL SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


                          [33 U.S.C. 1131(a)]

SEC. 212. [33 U.S.C. 1131] AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Authorization.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary to carry out [this 
        title--] this title $105,700,000 for each of fiscal 
        years 2026 through 2031.
                    [(A) $87,520,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    [(B) $91,900,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    [(C) $96,500,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    [(D) $101,325,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    [(E) $105,700,000 for fiscal year 2025.]
            (2) Priority activities [for fiscal years 2021 
        through 2025].--In addition to the amounts authorized 
        to be appropriated under paragraph (1), there are 
        authorized to be appropriated $6,000,000 for each of 
        [fiscal years 2021 through 2025] fiscal years 2026 
        through 2031 for competitive grants for the following:
                    (A) University research on the biology, 
                prevention, and control of aquatic nonnative 
                species.
                    (B) University research on oyster diseases, 
                oyster restoration, and oyster-related human 
                health risks.
                    (C) University research on the biology, 
                prevention, and forecasting of harmful algal 
                blooms.
                    (D) University research, education, 
                training, and extension services and activities 
                focused on coastal resilience and United States 
                working waterfronts and other regional or 
                national priority issues identified in the 
                strategic plan under section 204(c)(1).
                    (E) University research and extension on 
                sustainable aquaculture techniques and 
                technologies.
                    (F) Fishery research and extension 
                activities conducted by sea grant colleges or 
                sea grant institutes to enhance, and not 
                supplant, existing core program funding.
    (b) * * *
    (c) * * *
    (d) * * *

                                  [all]