[House Report 119-138]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


119th Congress }                                               {    Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session   }                                               { 119-138

======================================================================



 
             PROTECTING OUR NATION'S CAPITAL EMERGENCY ACT

                                _______
                                

  June 4, 2025.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

   Mr. Comer, from the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, 
                        submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                             together with

                             MINORITY VIEWS

                        [To accompany H.R. 2096]

    The Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, to whom 
was referred the bill (H.R. 2096) to restore the right to 
negotiate matters pertaining to the discipline of law 
enforcement officers of the District of Columbia through 
collective bargaining, to restore the statute of limitations 
for bringing disciplinary cases against members or civilian 
employees of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District 
of Columbia, and for other purposes, having considered the 
same, reports favorably thereon with an amendment and 
recommends that the bill as amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Summary and Purpose of Legislation...............................     2
Background and Need for Legislation..............................     2
Section-by-Section Analysis......................................     3
Legislative History..............................................     3
Committee Consideration..........................................     4
Roll Call Votes..................................................     4
Explanation of Amendments........................................     6
List of Related Committee Hearings...............................     6
Statement of Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the 
  Committee......................................................     6
Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives............     6
Application of Law to the Legislative Branch.....................     6
Duplication of Federal Programs..................................     7
Federal Advisory Committee Act Statement.........................     7
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Statement...........................     7
Earmark Identification...........................................     7
Committee Cost Estimate..........................................     7
New Budget Authority and Congressional Budget Office Cost 
  Estimate.......................................................     7
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............     7
Minority Views...................................................    10

    The amendment is as follows:
    Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the ``Protecting Our Nation's Capital 
Emergency Act''.

SEC. 2. RESTORATION OF EQUITABLE AND FAIR TREATMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT 
                    PERSONNEL OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

  (a) Restoration of Right to Negotiate Matters Pertaining to 
Discipline of District of Columbia Law Enforcement Officers Through 
Collective Bargaining.--Section 1708 of the District of Columbia 
Government Comprehensive Merit Personnel Act of 1978 (sec. 1-617.08, 
D.C. Official Code), as amended by section 116(b) of the Comprehensive 
Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022 (D.C. Law 24-345), is 
amended by striking subsection (c).
  (b) Restoration of Statute of Limitations for Claims Against Members 
or Civilian Employees of Metropolitan Police Department.--Subtitle M of 
title I of the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act 
of 2022 (D.C. Law 24-345) is repealed, and any provision of law amended 
or repealed by such subtitle is restored or revived as if such subtitle 
had not been enacted into law.

                   Summary and Purpose of Legislation

    H.R. 2096 amends the D.C. Government Comprehensive Merit 
Personnel Act of 1978 to repeal two amendments recently made by 
the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 
2022 (D.C. Law 24-345), including the ability of the Metro 
Police Department (MPD) officer union to bargain on matters of 
officer discipline, removal of a strict timeline under which 
such discipline must be carried out for alleged wrongdoing, and 
the creation of a public website announcing the schedule of 
adverse action hearings for officers.

                  Background and Need for Legislation

    H.R. 2096 would overturn certain provisions in the 
Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 
2022, which was passed by the D.C. Council on January 4, 2023. 
In the 118th Congress, in response to the Comprehensive 
Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022, the Congress 
voted in a bipartisan fashion to pass H.J. Res. 42, a 
resolution of disapproval of the Comprehensive Policing and 
Justice Reform Amendment Act. H.J. Res. 42 was then vetoed by 
President Biden. Additionally, in the 118th Congress, a bill 
identical to H.R. 2096 was passed out of the Committee on 
Oversight and Accountability by a vote of 22-19.
    Local D.C. residents are aware of this and have held 
community meetings to discuss crime, particularly 
carjackings.\1\ Crime is also occurring right outside of 
Federal government buildings.\2\ On March 21, 2025, a D.C. 
violence interrupter (a group of individuals serving as 
alternatives to traditional police charged with curbing crime 
in the District) was himself arrested for first degree murder 
in a D.C. shooting--an occurrence that calls into serious 
question the viability of local government alternatives to 
traditional policing.\3\ It is clear that the District of 
Columbia needs more police officers on the streets. D.C.'s 
businesses recognize the seriousness of the rising crime and 
have responded by either closing their doors or relocating to 
safer regions. In 2024, the District of Columbia saw the 
highest number of restaurant closings in its history.\4\
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    \1\Sierra Fox, Community demands Accountability for juvenile crimes 
at carjacking panel in Southeast, FOX 5 (Jan. 31, 2024), https://
www.fox5dc.com/news/community-demands-Accountability-for-juvenile-
crimes-at-carjacking-panel-in-southeast.
    \2\MPD Investigating Man's Overnight Crime Spree, Leaving 1 Dead 
and 1 with Critical Injuries, DC.gov (Jan. 30, 2024), https://
mpdc.dc.gov/release/mpd-investigating-man%E2%80%99s-overnight-crime-
spree-leaving-1-dead-and-1-critical-injuries.
    \3\DC violence interrupter arrested for deadly shooting, 
NBCWashington (Mar. 25, 2025), https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/
local/dc-violence-interrupter-arrested-for-deadly-shooting/3874237/.
    \4\Jeff Clabaugh, Half of DC restaurants say business is down, many 
may close, survey finds, WTOPnews (Mar. 19, 2025), https://wtop.com/
business-finance/2025/03/half-of-dc-restaurants-say-business-is-down-
many-may-close/.
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    Meanwhile, the D.C. Council has chosen to attack their own 
police force, singling out the Metropolitan Police Department 
(MPD) as the only major police union with restrictions on it 
its ability to bargain on disciplinary matters. H.R. 2096 would 
restore D.C. police officers' collective bargaining rights by 
restoring their ability to negotiate matters pertaining to 
officer discipline through the collective bargaining process. 
Next, it would restore the requirement for claims against MPD 
members or civilian employees of MPD be timely, as prolonged 
investigations can represent its own form of additional 
punishment to officers. Finally, it would remove the 
requirement for D.C. to publicly disclose the time and location 
of officers' adverse actions hearings.
    D.C. cannot afford to lose any more officers while 
combatting rising crime and keeping D.C. residents safe. It is 
the Committee's position that these policies must be reinstated 
in D.C. Code in order to preserve the MPD's ability to recruit 
and retain officers.

                      Section-by-Section Analysis


Section 1. Short title

    The short title is the ``Protecting Our Nation's Capital 
Emergency Act of 2025''.

Section 2. Restoration of equitable and fair treatment of law 
        enforcement personnel of District of Columbia

    Subsection (a) restores the D.C. law enforcement officers' 
right to collectively bargain on matters pertaining to 
discipline. Subsection (b) restores the requirement for timely 
disciplinary actions regarding claims against members or 
civilian employees of MPD. The subsection also removes the 
requirement for a public website to provide the time and place 
for adverse action hearings against officers.

                          Legislative History

    H.R. 2096, the Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency 
Act of 2025, was introduced on March 14, 2025, by 
Representative Andrew Garbarino (R-NY). The following 
Representatives are cosponsors of the bill: Pete Stauber (R-
MN), Andy Biggs (R-AZ), and John Rutherford (R-FL). The bill 
was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform. The Committee considered H.R. 2096 at a business 
meeting on May 21, 2025, and ordered the bill as amended 
favorably reported by a recorded vote.

                        Committee Consideration

    On May 21, the Committee met in open session and ordered 
the bill, H.R. 2096, favorably reported with an amendment in 
the nature of a substitute, by a roll call vote of 23-18, a 
quorum being present.

                            Roll Call Votes

    In compliance with clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, the following roll call vote 
occurred during the Committee's consideration of H.R. 2096:
    The roll call vote was on favorably reporting H.R. 2096. 
The bill was agreed to in a recorded vote of 23-18.


                       Explanation of Amendments

    During Committee consideration of the bill, Representative 
James Comer (R-KY), Chairman of the Committee, offered an 
amendment in the nature of a substitute that made a certain 
technical change to the bill. The amendment in the nature of a 
substitute passed by voice vote.

                   List of Related Committee Hearings

    In accordance with House Rule XIII, clause 3(c)(6), (1) The 
following hearing was used to develop or consider H.R. 2096:
    On March 11, 2025, the Committee on Oversight and 
Government Reform subcommittee on Federal Law Enforcement held 
a legislative hearing titled ``Enhancing Federal, State, and 
Local Coordination in the Fight Against Criminal Illegal 
Aliens'' with Joseph Humire, Executive Director, The Center for 
a Secure Free Society; the Honorable Bob Gaultieri, Sheriff, 
Pinellas County, Florida; and Kerry E. Doyle, Former Principal 
Legal Advisor, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
    (2) The following related hearing was held:
    On March 11, 2025, the Committee on Oversight and 
Government Reform subcommittee on Federal Law Enforcement held 
a legislative hearing titled ``Enhancing Federal, State, and 
Local Coordination in the Fight Against Criminal Illegal 
Aliens'' with Joseph Humire, Executive Director, The Center for 
a Secure Free Society; the Honorable Bob Gaultieri, Sheriff, 
Pinellas County, Florida; and Kerry E. Doyle, Former Principal 
Legal Advisor, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

  Statement of Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the Committee

    In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII and clause 
(2)(b)(1) of rule X of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee's oversight findings and 
recommendations are reflected in the Background and Need for 
Legislation section above.

         Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives

    In accordance with clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives, the Committee's performance 
goals or objectives of this bill are to restore the ability of 
the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) to negotiate matters 
pertaining to the discipline of law enforcement officers of the 
District of Columbia, to restore the statute of limitations for 
resolving disciplinary cases against members or civilian 
employees of the MPD, and for other purposes.

              Application of Law to the Legislative Branch

    Section 102(b)(3) of Public Law 104-1 requires a 
description of the application of this bill to the legislative 
branch where the bill relates to the terms and conditions of 
employment or access to public services and accommodations. 
This bill does not relate to employment or access to public 
services and accommodations in the legislative branch.

                    Duplication of Federal Programs

    In accordance with clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII no provision 
of this bill establishes or reauthorizes a program of the 
Federal Government known to be duplicative of another Federal 
program, a program that was included in any report from the 
Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to 
section 21 of Public Law 111-139, or a program related to a 
program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal 
Domestic Assistance.

                Federal Advisory Committee Act Statement

    Pursuant to section 5(b) of Public Law 92-463 (5 U.S.C. 
1004(b)), the Federal Advisory Committee Act, the Committee 
finds that this Committee Print does not direct the 
establishment of an advisory committee.

                 Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Statement

    Pursuant to section 423 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974 the Committee has included a letter received from the 
Congressional Budget Office below.

                         Earmark Identification

    This bill does not include any congressional earmarks, 
limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in 
clause 9 of rule XXI of the House of Representatives.

                        Committee Cost Estimate

    Pursuant to clause 3(d) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee includes below a cost 
estimate of the bill prepared by the Director of the 
Congressional Budget Office under section 402 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974.

   New Budget Authority and Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

    Pursuant to clause 3(d)(1) of House rule XIII, the 
Committee adopts as its own the cost estimate prepared by the 
Director of the Congressional Budget Office pursuant to section 
402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

    In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no 
change is proposed is shown in roman):

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets and 
existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman):

       SECTION 1-617.08 OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA OFFICIAL CODE

Sec. 1-617.08. Management rights; matters subject to collective 
                    bargaining

  (a) The respective personnel authorities (management) shall 
retain the sole right, in accordance with applicable laws and 
rules and regulations:
          (1) To direct employees of the agencies;
          (2) To hire, promote, transfer, assign, and retain 
        employees in positions within the agency and to 
        suspend, demote, discharge, or take other disciplinary 
        action against employees for cause;
          (3) To relieve employees of duties because of lack of 
        work or other legitimate reasons;
          (4) To maintain the efficiency of the District 
        government operations entrusted to them;
          (5) To determine:
                  (A) The mission of the agency, its budget, 
                its organization, the number of employees, and 
                to establish the tour of duty;
                  (B) The number, types, and grades of 
                positions of employees assigned to an agency's 
                organizational unit, work project, or tour of 
                duty;
                  (C) The technology of performing the agency's 
                work; and
                  (D) The agency's internal security practices; 
                and
          (6) To take whatever actions may be necessary to 
        carry out the mission of the District government in 
        emergency situations.
  (a-1) An act, exercise, or agreement of the respective 
personnel authorities (management) shall not be interpreted in 
any manner as a waiver of the sole management rights contained 
in subsection (a) of this section.
  (b) All matters shall be deemed negotiable except those that 
are proscribed by this subchapter. Negotiations concerning 
compensation are authorized to the extent provided in 1-617.16.
  [(c)(1) All matters pertaining to the discipline of sworn law 
enforcement personnel shall be retained by management and not 
be negotiable through bargaining, including substantive or 
impacts-and-effects bargaining.
  [(2) This subsection shall apply to any collective bargaining 
agreements entered into with the Fraternal Order of Police/
Metropolitan Police Department Labor Committee after September 
30, 2020, and to any collective bargaining agreements 
automatically renewed on or after September 30, 2020.]
                              ----------                              


SUBTITLE M OF TITLE I OF THE COMPREHENSIVE POLICING AND JUSTICE REFORM 
                         AMENDMENT ACT OF 2022

                [Subtitle M--OFFICER DISCIPLINE REFORMS

  [Sec. 117.  Section 502 of the Omnibus Public Safety Agency 
Reform Amendment Act of 2004, effective September 30, 2004 
(D.C. Law 15-194; D.C. Official Code Sec.  5-1031), is amended 
as follows:
  [(a) Subsection (a-1) is repealed.
  [(b) Subsection (b) is amended to read as follows:
  [``(b) If the act or occurrence allegedly constituting cause 
is the subject of a criminal investigation by the Metropolitan 
Police Department or any law enforcement or prosecuting agency 
with jurisdiction within the United States, the Office of the 
United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, or the 
Office of the Attorney General, or is the subject of an 
investigation by the Office of the Inspector General or the 
Office of the District of Columbia Auditor, the 90-day period 
for commencing a corrective or adverse action under subsection 
(a) of this section shall be tolled until the conclusion of the 
investigation.''.
  [(c) A new subsection (c) is added to read as follows:
  [``(c)(1) MPD shall publish, on a publicly accessible 
website, a schedule of adverse action hearings for cases in 
which the proposed discipline is termination.
  [``(2) The schedule shall include:
          [``(A) The date, time, and location of the hearing;
          [``(B) The name and badge number of the subject 
        officer; and
          [``(C) A summary of the alleged misconduct or charges 
        against the subject officer.''.
  [Sec. 118.  Section 6-A1001.5 of Chapter 10 of Title 6 of the 
District of Columbia Municipal Regulations is amended by 
striking the phrase ``reduce the penalty'' and inserting the 
phrase ``reduce or increase the penalty'' in its place.]

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


                             MINORITY VIEWS

    Committee Democrats strongly oppose H.R. 2096, which would 
repeal provisions of a law duly enacted by the District of 
Columbia (D.C.), because we strongly support local D.C. self-
government.

                      DENIAL OF DEMOCRACY IN D.C.

    The principles of no taxation without representation and 
consent of the governed helped launch the American Revolution 
and are enshrined in the Declaration of Independence. Yet, D.C. 
residents, who pay all federal taxes, have no voting 
representation in Congress, and Congress has plenary authority 
over D.C.\1\
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    \1\U.S. Const. art. I, Sec. 8, cl. 17.
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    The Majority claims Congress has a constitutional duty to 
legislate on local D.C. matters. That is false, and Republicans 
choose to legislate on local D.C. matters when they think they 
can score political points.
    Despite giving Congress plenary authority over D.C., the 
Framers expected Congress to establish a local government for 
D.C.\2\ Indeed, Congress has established various forms of local 
government for D.C. since 1802.\3\ The Supreme Court has held 
that ``there is no constitutional barrier to the delegation by 
Congress to the District of Columbia of full legislative 
power.''\4\
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    \2\``[A] municipal legislature for local purposes, derived from 
their own suffrages, will of course be allowed them.'' Library of 
Congress, Federalist Nos. 41-50 (online at https://guides.loc.gov/
federalist-papers/text-41-50).
    \3\Congressional Research Service, Governing the District of 
Columbia: Overview and Timeline (Jan. 29, 2024) (online at 
www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF12577).
    \4\District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co., Inc., 346 U.S. 
100, 109 (1953).
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    In 1973, Congress passed the D.C. Home Rule Act, which 
established an elected chief executive (the D.C. Mayor) and an 
elected legislature (the D.C. Council) for D.C.\5\ The purpose 
of the D.C. Home Rule Act is to, among other things, ``grant to 
the inhabitants of the District of Columbia powers of local 
self-government'' and ``relieve Congress of the burden of 
legislating upon essentially local District matters.''\6\ H.R. 
2096 contravenes the purpose of the D.C. Home Rule Act. Both 
D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser and the D.C. Council oppose H.R. 
2096.\7\
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    \5\Pub. L. No. 93-198 (1973).
    \6\Id.
    \7\Letter from District of Columbia Mayor Muriel Bowser to Rep. 
James Comer, Chairman, House Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform, and Rep. Gerald Connolly, Ranking Member, House Committee on 
Oversight and Government Reform (May 21, 2025); Letter from Council of 
the District of Columbia to Rep. James Comer, Chairman, House Committee 
on Oversight and Government Reform, and Rep. Gerald Connolly, Ranking 
Member, House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (May 20, 
2025).
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                 POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY

    The merits of H.R. 2096 are beside the point, because we 
support D.C. home rule, but we will address them nonetheless. 
Police officers are entrusted with extraordinary authority to 
protect public safety. The vast majority of police officers 
exercise that authority honorably and bravely. However, there 
must be accountability and transparency for instances in which 
police officers violate their oath of office.
    Following the devastating murder of George Floyd, D.C. 
enacted the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment 
Act of 2022 (CPJRAA), which, in pertinent part, made it easier 
for the police department to discipline police officers for 
violating their oath of office. H.R. 2096 would repeal police 
officer discipline provisions in the CPJRAA.
    H.R. 2096, as introduced, includes a purpose section. 
According to the introduced version of H.R. 2096, the purpose 
of the bill is ``to combat the rise in violent crime in our 
Nation's Capital by eliminating policies which place law 
enforcement personnel of the District of Columbia at risk and 
discourage them from serving, ensuring that such personnel will 
be treated equitably and fairly and the recruitment and 
retention of such personnel shall be increased.'' We are not 
surprised that H.R. 2096, as ordered to be reported, does not 
include that purpose section, since it is inaccurate.
    Violent crime is not rising in D.C. In 2025, violent crime 
in D.C. is down 22%, compared to the same period in 2024.\8\ In 
2024, violent crime in D.C. was the lowest in over 30 years.\9\
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    \8\Metropolitan Police Department, District Crime Data at a Glance 
(online at www.mpdc.dc.gov/dailycrime) (accessed May 28, 2025).
    \9\Office of the United States Attorney for the District of 
Columbia, Violent Crime in D.C. Hits 30 Year Low (Jan. 3, 2025) (online 
at www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/violent-crime-dc-hits-30-year-
low#::text=WASHINGTON%20-%20Total%20violent%20crime%20for,Graves.).
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    The D.C. police department is not alone in having 
difficulty recruiting and retaining police officers. Police 
departments across the country are having difficulty with 
recruitment and retention, and this difficulty predates the 
police accountability and transparency legislation enacted 
across the country in the aftermath of the murder of George 
Floyd.\10\ A survey conducted in 2019 found that ``the 
challenge of recruiting law enforcement is widespread and 
affects agencies of all types, sizes, and locations across the 
United States.''\11\ That survey also found that ``the 
difficulty in recruiting law enforcement officers and employees 
is not due to one particular cause. Rather, multiple social, 
political, and economic forces are all simultaneously at 
play.''\12\
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    \10\International Association of Chiefs of Police, The State of 
Recruitment & Retention: A Continuing Crisis for Policing 
(www.theiacp.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/
IACP_Recruitment_Report_Survey.pdf) (accessed May 28, 2025).
    \11\International Association of Chiefs of Police, The State of 
Recruitment: A Crisis for Law Enforcement (online at www.theiacp.org/
sites/default/files/239416_IACP_RecruitmentBR_HR_0.pdf) (accessed May 
28, 2025).
    \12\Id.
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    The actual purpose of H.R. 2096 is to make it harder for 
the police department to discipline police officers who violate 
their oath of office. Before the CPJRAA, the police department 
had been forced to rehire a significant number of police 
officers it had fired for crimes and official misconduct.\13\ 
D.C. also had to provide millions of dollars in back pay to 
police officers it was forced to rehire, and D.C. paid millions 
of dollars to resolve claims alleging police officer 
misconduct.\14\
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    \13\Office of the District of Columbia Auditor, 36 Fired MPD 
Officers Reinstated; Receive $14 Million in Back Pay (Oct. 6, 2022) 
(online at www.dcauditor.org/report/mpd-personnel-
settlement-report/).
    \14\Office of the District of Columbia Auditor, 36 Fired MPD 
Officers Reinstated; Receive $14 Million in Back Pay (Oct. 6, 2022) 
(online at www.dcauditor.org/report/mpd-personnel-
settlement-report/); The Hidden Billion-Dollar Cost of Repeated Police 
Misconduct, Washington Post (May 9, 2022) (online at 
www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2022/police-
misconduct-repeated-settlements/).
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    H.R. 2096 would repeal four police officer discipline 
provisions in the CPJRAA.
    First, H.R. 2096 would repeal a provision that removed 
police officer discipline from collective bargaining. Several 
states, including states represented by Republican Members of 
the Committee, prohibit collective bargaining by police 
officers.\15\ The CPJRAA maintained the right of police 
officers to collectively bargain, except over discipline, and 
maintains the civil service protections and due process rights 
of police officers.
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    \15\Ballotpedia, Public-Sector Union Policy in the United States, 
2018-2023 (online at www.ballotpedia.org/Public-
sector_union_policy_in_the_United_States,_2018-2023).
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    Collective bargaining by police officers has been widely 
criticized for protecting police officers from discipline for 
crimes and official misconduct. A Republican staff report for 
the Joint Economic Committee said that ``[c]ollective 
bargaining plays a significant role in shielding police 
officers from the consequences of their misconduct.''\16\ A law 
review article conducted an empirical examination of police 
union contracts, concluding, ``This [a]rticle's findings are 
consistent with the hypothesis that police union contracts 
sometimes establish problematic internal disciplinary 
procedures that serve as barriers to accountability.''\17\
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    \16\Joint Economic Committee, Accountability for Bad Apples: Police 
Reforms to Restore Faith in Institutions (Mar. 2021) (online at 
www.jec.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/e54f6c37-017c-49c2-ad0b-
de12bcc48978/3-21-police-reform.pdf).
    \17\Stephen Rushin, Police Union Contracts, 66 Duke L.J. 1191, 1239 
(2017) (online at https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/
viewcontent.cgi?article=3890&context=dlj).
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    Second, H.R. 2096 would reinstate a 90-day statute of 
limitations on the police department to commence discipline. 
The CPJRAA repealed that provision because 90 days was not 
enough time in some cases to commence discipline. Adjudicators 
had overturned discipline in some cases because the police 
department had exceeded 90 days to commence discipline, and 
there is no statute of limitations for commencing discipline 
against most other D.C. government employees.\18\ The home 
state of Rep. Andrew Garbarino, the sponsor of H.R. 2096, has 
an 18-month statute of limitations to commence discipline 
against police officers.\19\
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    \18\Council of the District of Columbia Committee on the Judiciary 
and Public Safety, Report on Bill 24-0320, the Comprehensive Policing 
and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022 (Nov. 30, 2022) (online at 
https://lims.dccouncil.gov/downloads/LIMS/47448/Committee_Report/B24-
0320-Committee_Report1.pdf).
    \19\N.Y. Civil Service Law Sec. 75(4) (online at www.nysenate.gov/
legislation/laws/CVS/75).
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    Third, H.R. 2096 would repeal a provision that gave the 
police chief the authority to increase the discipline proposed 
by a police trial board, which consists of police officers. 
Before the CPJRAA, the police chief could only impose or reduce 
the proposed discipline or order a new trial. The CPJRAA 
increased the discipline power of the police chief and reduced 
the discipline power of the police trial board, which may be 
more inclined to protect their fellow police officers from 
discipline.\20\
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    \20\D.C. Police Tried to Fire 24 Current Officers For `Criminal 
Offenses.' A Powerful Panel Blocked Nearly Every One, Documents Show, 
DCist (Dec. 18, 2021) (online at www.dcist.com/story/21/12/18/dc-
police-panel-blocked-mpd-firings/).
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    Finally, H.R. 2096 would repeal a provision that required 
the police department to publish on a public website a schedule 
of police officer discipline hearings, which are open to the 
public.

                               CONCLUSION

    We strongly oppose H.R. 2096 and any other effort to 
undermine the will of D.C. residents and their locally elected 
representatives. Instead of interfering in local D.C. matters, 
Congress should grant D.C.'s statehood petition.

                                          Stephen F. Lynch,
                                             Acting Ranking Member.