[House Report 119-134]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


119th Congress    }                                       {     Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session      }                                       {    119-134

======================================================================



 
               ACCREDITED INVESTOR DEFINITION REVIEW ACT

                                _______
                                

  June 4, 2025.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

    Mr. Hill of Arkansas, from the Committee on Financial Services, 
                        submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                             together with

                             MINORITY VIEWS

                        [To accompany H.R. 3348]

    The Committee on Financial Services, to whom was referred 
the bill (H.R. 3348) to amend the Securities Act of 1933 and 
the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 
with respect to the definition of accredited investor, and for 
other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably 
thereon with an amendment and recommends that the bill as 
amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Purpose and Summary..............................................     2
Background and Need for Legislation..............................     2
Committee Consideration..........................................     3
Related Hearings.................................................     3
Committee Votes..................................................     4
Committee Oversight Findings.....................................     7
Performance Goals and Objectives.................................     7
Committee Cost Estimate..........................................     7
New Budget Authority and CBO Cost Estimate.......................     7
Unfunded Mandates Statement......................................     7
Earmark Statement................................................     7
Federal Advisory Committee Act Statement.........................     8
Applicability to the Legislative Branch..........................     8
Duplication of Federal Programs..................................     8
Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation...................     8
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............     8
Minority Views...................................................    16

    The amendment is as follows:
  Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the ``Accredited Investor Definition Review 
Act''.

SEC. 2. CERTIFICATIONS, DESIGNATIONS, AND CREDENTIALS UNDER THE 
                    DEFINITION OF ACCREDITED INVESTOR.

  Section 2(a)(15) of the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77b(a)(15)) 
is amended--
          (1) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subparagraphs 
        (A) and (B), respectively;
          (2) in subparagraph (A), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``adviser; or'' and inserting ``adviser;'';
          (3) in subparagraph (B), as so redesignated, by striking the 
        period at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
          (4) by adding at the end the following:
                  ``(C) an individual holding such certifications, 
                designations, or credentials as the Commission 
                determines necessary or appropriate in the public 
                interest or for the protection of investors, where--
                          ``(i) such list of certifications, 
                        designations, or credentials shall include 
                        those professional certifications described in 
                        the Commission order titled `Order Designating 
                        Certain Professional Licenses as Qualifying 
                        Natural Persons for Accredited Investor Status' 
                        (85 Fed. Reg. 64234; published October 9, 
                        2020); and
                          ``(ii) in establishing which attributes 
                        should be considered for purposes of 
                        determining such certifications, designations, 
                        or credentials, the Commission shall consider 
                        attributes that are no less broad than those 
                        attributes described in the amendments made to 
                        section 230.501(a)(10) of title 17, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations, by the final rule of the 
                        Commission titled `Accredited Investor 
                        Definition' (85 Fed. Reg. 64234; published 
                        October 9, 2020).''.

SEC. 3. PERIODIC REVIEW OF CERTIFICATIONS, DESIGNATIONS, AND 
                    CREDENTIALS.

  Section 413(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer 
Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 77b note) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
          ``(3) Periodic review of certifications, designations, and 
        credentials.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the 
        enactment of this paragraph and not less frequently than once 
        every 5 years thereafter, the Commission shall--
                  ``(A) review the list of certifications, 
                designations, and credentials designated as qualifying 
                natural persons for accredited investor status pursuant 
                to Rule 501(a)(10) (17 CFR 230.501(a)(10));
                  ``(B) add such certifications, designations, and 
                credentials to such list as the Commission determines 
                are substantially similar in measuring the financial 
                sophistication, knowledge, and experience in financial 
                matters of an individual to the certifications, 
                designations, and credentials included on such list at 
                the time of such review; and
                  ``(C) adjust or modify such list as the Commission 
                determines necessary or appropriate in the public 
                interest or for the protection of investors.''.

                          Purpose and Summary

    H.R. 3348, the Accredited Investor Definition Review Act, 
was introduced on May 13, 2025, by Representative Bill Huizenga 
(MI-04). H.R. 3348 requires the Securities and Exchange 
Commission (SEC) to review the list of certifications, 
designations, and credentials for individuals to qualify as an 
accredited investor and add additional certifications, 
designations, and credentials that the SEC determines are 
substantially similar. The bill requires the SEC to repeat this 
process every five years after the initial assessment.

                  Background and Need for Legislation

    Under current law, accredited investors are defined as 
people or entities with sufficient financial sophistication and 
resources to sustain the risk of loss.\1\ H.R. 3348 expands the 
definition to include all individuals who demonstrate they have 
a sufficient understanding of the offering and the risks 
involved. This bill will ensure that investments in high-growth 
private companies are not reserved for only the elite, wealthy 
investors who currently qualify as accredited investors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\17 C.F.R. Sec. 270.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                        Committee Consideration


                             117TH CONGRESS

    On July 27, 2021, Representative Bill Huizenga (R-MI) 
introduced H.R. 4708, the Accredited Investor Definition Review 
Act. This bill is an earlier iteration of H.R. 3348. The bill 
was referred solely to the Committee on Financial Services.

                             118TH CONGRESS

    On March 14, 2023, Representative Huizenga introduced H.R. 
1579, the Accredited Investor Definition Review Act. 
Representative Mike Lawler (R-NY) was subsequently added as a 
cosponsor. This bill is an earlier iteration of H.R. 3348. The 
bill was referred solely to the Committee on Financial 
Services. The Subcommittee on Capital Markets of the Committee 
on Financial Services held a hearing to examine matters 
relating to H.R. 1579 on February 8, 2023. On April 26, 2023, 
the Committee on Financial Services ordered H.R. 1579 to be 
favorably reported to the House of Representatives by a vote of 
41-2. On June 5, 2023, the House suspended the rules and passed 
the bill by voice vote. It was received in the Senate and 
referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban 
Affairs. In addition, Senator Bill Hagerty (R-TN) introduced S. 
5121, a companion bill to H.R. 1579.

                             119TH CONGRESS

    On May 13, 2025, Representative Huizenga introduced H.R. 
3348, the Accredited Investor Definition Review Act. The bill 
was referred solely to the Committee on Financial Services. The 
bill was attached to the February 26, 2025, hearing titled 
``The Future of American Capital: Strengthening Public and 
Private Markets by Increasing Investor Access and Facilitating 
Capital Formation'' and the March 25, 2025, hearing titled, 
``Beyond Silicon Valley: Expanding Access to Capital Across 
America.''
    On May 20, 2025, the Committee met in open session to 
consider, among others, H.R. 3348. The Committee ordered H.R. 
3348, as amended, to be reported favorably to the House of 
Representatives.

                            Related Hearings

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(6) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the following hearings were used to 
develop H.R. 3348:
    The Capital Markets Subcommittee of the Committee on 
Financial Services held a February 26, 2025, hearing titled 
``The Future of American Capital: Strengthening Public and 
Private Markets by Increasing Investor Access and Facilitating 
Capital Formation'' and the Full Committee held a March 25, 
2025, hearing titled, ``Beyond Silicon Valley: Expanding Access 
to Capital Across America.'' A discussion draft version of the 
bill was attached to both hearings. The following witnesses 
testified at the February 26, 2025, hearing: Mr. Andrew 
Barnell, CEO and Co-Founder, Geneoscopy; Mr. McKeever Conwell, 
Founder and Managing Partner, RareBreed Ventures; Ms. Rebecca 
Kacaba, CEO and Co-Founder, DealMaker; Ms. Anna Pinedo, 
Partner, Mayer Brown; and Ms. Alexandra Thornton, Senior 
Director, Financial Regulation, Center for American Progress. 
The following witnesses testified at the March 25, 2025, 
hearing: Mr. Steve Case, Chairman and CEO, Revolution LLC; Mr. 
Bill Newell, Senior Business Advisor & Former CEO, Sutro 
Biopharma; Ms. Candice Matthews Brackeen, General Partner, 
Lightship Capital; Mr. Joel Trotter, Partner, Latham & Watkins 
LLP; and Ms. Amanda Senn, Director of the Alabama Securities 
Commission.

                            Committee Votes

    Clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives requires the Committee Report to include for 
each record vote on a motion to report the measure or matter 
and on any amendments offered to the measure or matter the 
total number of votes for and against and the names of the 
Members voting for and against.
    On May 20, 2025, the Committee ordered H.R. 3348, as 
amended, to be reported favorably to the House by a recorded 
vote of 34 yeas and 16 nays, a quorum being present. (Record 
Vote No. FC-115).
    The Committee considered the following amendments to H.R. 
3348:
            Representative Bill Huizenga (R-MI) offered 
        an amendment in the nature of a substitute, which made 
        minor edits and technical changes. This amendment was 
        adopted by a voice vote.
            Representative Maxine Waters (D-CA) offered 
        an amendment (No. 2), designated AMEND_HR3348_1. This 
        amendment requires the SEC to adjust or modify the list 
        of certifications, designations, and credentials to 
        qualify as an accredited investor as the Commission 
        determines necessary or appropriate to facilitate 
        capital formation without reducing investor protection. 
        This amendment failed by a recorded vote of 22 yeas and 
        28 nays, a quorum being present. (Record Vote No. FC-
        114).
        
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
        
                      Committee Oversight Findings

    Pursuant to clause 3(c) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the findings and recommendations of 
the Committee, based on oversight activities under clause 
2(b)(1) of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives, 
are incorporated in the descriptive portions of this report.

                    Performance Goals and Objectives

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the goal of H.R. 3348 is empower 
sophisticated-but-not-wealthy investors to qualify as 
accredited investors by requiring the SEC to review the list of 
certifications, designations, and credentials for individuals 
to qualify as an accredited investor and add additional 
certifications, designations, and credentials that the SEC 
determines are substantially similar.

                        Committee Cost Estimate

    Clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives requires an estimate and a comparison of the 
costs that would be incurred in carrying out H.R. 3348. The 
Committee has requested but not received a cost estimate from 
the Director of the Congressional Budget Office. However, 
pursuant to clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII, the Committee will 
adopt as its own the cost estimate by the Director of the 
Congressional Budget Office once it has been prepared.

               New Budget Authority and CBO Cost Estimate

    With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 
308(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and with respect 
to requirements of clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives and section 402 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, a cost estimate was not made 
available to the Committee in time for the filing of this 
report. The Chairman of the Committee shall cause such estimate 
to be printed in the Congressional Record upon its receipt by 
the Committee.

                      Unfunded Mandates Statement

    The Committee has requested but not received from the 
Director of the Congressional Budget Office an estimate of the 
Federal mandates pursuant to section 423 of the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act. The Committee will adopt the estimate once 
it has been prepared by the Director.

                           Earmark Statement

    With respect to clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee has carefully reviewed 
the provisions of the resolution and states that the provisions 
of the bill do not contain any congressional earmarks, limited 
tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits within the meaning of 
the rule.

                Federal Advisory Committee Act Statement

    No advisory committees within the meaning of section 5(b) 
of the Federal Advisory Committee Act were created by this 
legislation.

                Applicability to the Legislative Branch

    The Committee finds that the legislation does not relate to 
the terms and conditions of employment or access to public 
services or accommodations within the meaning of section 
102(b)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act.

                    Duplication of Federal Programs

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee states that no 
provision of the bill establishes or reauthorizes a program of 
the Federal Government known to be duplicative of another 
Federal program, including any program that was included in a 
report to Congress pursuant to section 21 of the Public Law 
111-139 or the most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic 
Assistance.

             Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation


Section 1. Short title

    This section cites H.R. 3348 as the ``Accredited Investor 
Definition Review Act.''

Section 2. Definition of accredited investor

    This section amends the definition of an accredited 
investor to include individuals who have certifications, 
designations, or credentials as the SEC determines necessary or 
appropriate.

Section 3. Periodic review of certifications, designations, and 
        credentials

    This section amends Dodd-Frank to require the SEC to review 
the list of certifications, designations, and credentials to 
qualify as an accredited investor within 18 months and every 
five years thereafter. This section also directs the SEC to add 
such certificates, designations, and credentials to the list 
that the SEC determines are substantially similar to the ones 
included on the list at the time of review and to adjust the 
list if the SEC deems it necessary in the public interest or 
for the protection of investors.

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no 
change is proposed is shown in roman):

                         SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

TITLE I--

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


                              definitions

  Sec. 2. (a) Definitions.--When used in this title, unless the 
context otherwise requires--
          (1) The term ``security'' means any note, stock, 
        treasury stock, security future, security-based swap, 
        bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate 
        of interest or participation in any profit-sharing 
        agreement, collateral-trust certificate, 
        preorganization certificate or subscription, 
        transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust 
        certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, 
        fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other 
        mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or 
        privilege on any security, certificate of deposit, or 
        group or index of securities (including any interest 
        therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, 
        call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a 
        national securities exchange relating to foreign 
        currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument 
        commonly known as a ``security'', or any certificate of 
        interest or participation in, temporary or interim 
        certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant 
        or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the 
        foregoing.
          (2) The term ``person'' means an individual, a 
        corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-
        stock company, a trust, any unincorporated 
        organization, or a government or political subdivision 
        thereof. As used in this paragraph the term ``trust'' 
        shall include only a trust where the interest or 
        interests of the beneficiary or beneficiaries are 
        evidenced by a security.
          (3) The term ``sale'' or ``sell'' shall include every 
        contract of sale or disposition of a security or 
        interest in a security, for value. The term ``offer to 
        sell'', ``offer for sale'', or ``offer'' shall include 
        every attempt or offer to dispose of, or solicitation 
        of an offer to buy, a security or interest in a 
        security, for value. The terms defined in this 
        paragraph and the term ``offer to buy'' as used in 
        subsection (c) of section 5 shall not include 
        preliminary negotiations or agreements between an 
        issuer (or any person directly or indirectly 
        controlling or controlled by an issuer, or under direct 
        or indirect common control with an issuer) and any 
        underwriter or among underwriters who are or are to be 
        in privity of contract with an issuer (or any person 
        directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by an 
        issuer, or under direct or indirect common control with 
        an issuer). Any security given or delivered with, or as 
        a bonus on account of, any purchase of securities or 
        any other thing, shall be conclusively presumed to 
        constitute a part of the subject of such purchase and 
        to have been offered and sold for value. The issue or 
        transfer of a right or privilege, when originally 
        issued or transferred with a security, giving the 
        holder of such security the right to convert such 
        security into another security of the same issuer or of 
        another person, or giving a right to subscribe to 
        another security of the same issuer or of another 
        person, which right cannot be exercised until some 
        future date, shall not be deemed to be an offer or sale 
        of such other security; but the issue or transfer of 
        such other security upon the exercise of such right of 
        conversion or subscription shall be deemed a sale of 
        such other security. Any offer or sale of a security 
        futures product by or on behalf of the issuer of the 
        securities underlying the security futures product, an 
        affiliate of the issuer, or an underwriter, shall 
        constitute a contract for sale of, sale of, offer for 
        sale, or offer to sell the underlying securities. Any 
        offer or sale of a security-based swap by or on behalf 
        of the issuer of the securities upon which such 
        security-based swap is based or is referenced, an 
        affiliate of the issuer, or an underwriter, shall 
        constitute a contract for sale of, sale of, offer for 
        sale, or offer to sell such securities. The publication 
        or distribution by a broker or dealer of a research 
        report about an emerging growth company that is the 
        subject of a proposed public offering of the common 
        equity securities of such emerging growth company 
        pursuant to a registration statement that the issuer 
        proposes to file, or has filed, or that is effective 
        shall be deemed for purposes of paragraph (10) of this 
        subsection and section 5(c) not to constitute an offer 
        for sale or offer to sell a security, even if the 
        broker or dealer is participating or will participate 
        in the registered offering of the securities of the 
        issuer. As used in this paragraph, the term ``research 
        report'' means a written, electronic, or oral 
        communication that includes information, opinions, or 
        recommendations with respect to securities of an issuer 
        or an analysis of a security or an issuer, whether or 
        not it provides information reasonably sufficient upon 
        which to base an investment decision.
          (4) The term ``issuer'' means every person who issues 
        or proposes to issue any security; except that with 
        respect to certificates of deposit, voting-trust 
        certificates, or collateral-trust certificates, or with 
        respect to certificates of interest or shares in an 
        unincorporated investment trust not having a board of 
        directors (or persons performing similar functions) or 
        of the fixed, restricted management, or unit type, the 
        term ``issuer'' means the person or persons performing 
        the acts and assuming the duties of depositor or 
        manager pursuant to the provisions of the trust or 
        other agreement or instrument under which such 
        securities are issued; except that in the case of an 
        unincorporated association which provides by its 
        articles for limited liability of any or all of its 
        members, or in the case of a trust, committee, or other 
        legal entity, the trustees or members thereof shall not 
        be individually liable as issuers of any security 
        issued by the association, trust, committee, or other 
        legal entity; except that with respect to equipment-
        trust certificates or like securities, the term 
        ``issuer'' means the person by whom the equipment or 
        property is or is to be used; and except that with 
        respect to fractional undivided interests in oil, gas, 
        or other mineral rights, the term ``issuer'' means the 
        owner of any such right or of any interest in such 
        right (whether whole or fractional) who creates 
        fractional interests therein for the purpose of public 
        offering.
          (5) The term ``Commission'' means the Securities and 
        Exchange Commission.
          (6) The term ``Territory'' means Puerto Rico, the 
        Virgin Islands, and the insular possessions of the 
        United States.
          (7) The term ``interstate commerce'' means trade or 
        commerce in securities or any transportation or 
        communication relating thereto among the several States 
        or between the District of Columbia or any Territory of 
        the United States and any State or other Territory, or 
        between any foreign country and any State, Territory, 
        or the District of Columbia, or within the District of 
        Columbia.
          (8) The term ``registration statement'' means the 
        statement provided for in section 6, and includes any 
        amendment thereto and any report, document, or 
        memorandum filed as part of such statement or 
        incorporated therein by reference.
          (9) The term ``write'' or ``written'' shall include 
        printed, lithographed, or any means of graphic 
        communication.
          (10) The term ``prospectus'' means any prospectus, 
        notice, circular, advertisement, letter, or 
        communication, written or by radio or television, which 
        offers any security for sale or confirms the sale of 
        any security; except that (a) a communication sent or 
        given after the effective date of the registration 
        statement (other than a prospectus permitted under 
        subsection (b) of section 10) shall not be deemed a 
        prospectus if it is proved that prior to or at the same 
        time with such communication a written prospectus 
        meeting the requirements of subsection (a) of section 
        10 at the time of such communication was sent or given 
        to the person to whom the communication was made, and 
        (b) a notice, circular, advertisement, letter, or 
        communication in respect of a security shall not be 
        deemed to be a prospectus if it states from whom a 
        written prospectus meeting the requirements of section 
        10 may be obtained and, in addition, does no more than 
        identify the security, state the price thereof, state 
        by whom orders will be executed, and contain such other 
        information as the Commission, by rules or regulations 
        deemed necessary or appropriate in the public interest 
        and for the protection of investors, and subject to 
        such terms and conditions as may be prescribed therein, 
        may permit.
          (11) The term ``underwriter'' means any person who 
        has purchased from an issuer with a view to, or offers 
        or sells for an issuer in connection with, the 
        distribution of any security, or participates or has a 
        direct or indirect participation in any such 
        undertaking, or participates or has a participation in 
        the direct or indirect underwriting of any such 
        undertaking; but such term shall not include a person 
        whose interest is limited to a commission from an 
        underwriter or dealer not in excess of the usual and 
        customary distributors' or sellers' commission. As used 
        in this paragraph the term ``issuer'' shall include, in 
        addition to an issuer, any person directly or 
        indirectly controlling or controlled by the issuer, or 
        any person under direct or indirect common control with 
        the issuer.
          (12) The term ``dealer'' means any person who engages 
        either for all or part of his time, directly or 
        indirectly, as agent, broker, or principal, in the 
        business of offering, buying, selling, or otherwise 
        dealing or trading in securities issued by another 
        person.
          (13) The term ``insurance company'' means a company 
        which is organized as an insurance company, whose 
        primary and predominant business activity is the 
        writing of insurance or the reinsuring of risks 
        underwritten by insurance companies, and which is 
        subject to supervision by the insurance commissioner, 
        or a similar official or agency, of a State or 
        territory or the District of Columbia; or any receiver 
        or similar official or any liquidating agent for such 
        company, in his capacity as such.
          (14) The term ``separate account'' means an account 
        established and maintained by an insurance company 
        pursuant to the laws of any State or territory of the 
        United States, the District of Columbia, or of Canada 
        or any province thereof, under which income, gains and 
        losses, whether or not realized, from assets allocated 
        to such account, are, in accordance with the applicable 
        contract, credited to or charged against such account 
        without regard to other income, gains, or losses of the 
        insurance company.
          (15) The term ``accredited investor'' shall mean--
                  
                  [(i)] (A) a bank as defined in section 
                3(a)(2) whether acting in its individual or 
                fiduciary capacity; an insurance company as 
                defined in paragraph (13) of this subsection; 
                an investment company registered under the 
                Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business 
                development company as defined in section 
                2(a)(48) of that Act; a Small Business 
                Investment Company licensed by the Small 
                Business Administration; or an employee benefit 
                plan, including an individual retirement 
                account, which is subject to the provisions of 
                the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 
                1974, if the investment decision is made by a 
                plan fiduciary, as defined in section 3(21) of 
                such Act, which is either a bank, insurance 
                company, or registered investment adviser; [or]
                  [(ii)] (B) any person who, on the basis of 
                such factors as financial sophistication, net 
                worth, knowledge, and experience in financial 
                matters, or amount of assets under management 
                qualifies as an accredited investor under rules 
                and regulations which the Commission shall 
                prescribe[.]; or
                  (C) an individual holding such 
                certifications, designations, or credentials as 
                the Commission determines necessary or 
                appropriate in the public interest or for the 
                protection of investors, where--
                          (i) such list of certifications, 
                        designations, or credentials shall 
                        include those professional 
                        certifications described in the 
                        Commission order titled ``Order 
                        Designating Certain Professional 
                        Licenses as Qualifying Natural Persons 
                        for Accredited Investor Status'' (85 
                        Fed. Reg. 64234; published October 9, 
                        2020); and
                          (ii) in establishing which attributes 
                        should be considered for purposes of 
                        determining such certifications, 
                        designations, or credentials, the 
                        Commission shall consider attributes 
                        that are no less broad than those 
                        attributes described in the amendments 
                        made to section 230.501(a)(10) of title 
                        17, Code of Federal Regulations, by the 
                        final rule of the Commission titled 
                        ``Accredited Investor Definition'' (85 
                        Fed. Reg. 64234; published October 9, 
                        2020).
          (16) The terms ``security future'', ``narrow-based 
        security index'', and ``security futures product'' have 
        the same meanings as provided in section 3(a)(55) of 
        the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
          (17) The terms ``swap'' and ``security-based swap'' 
        have the same meanings as in section 1a of the 
        Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1a).
          (18) The terms ``purchase'' or ``sale'' of a 
        security-based swap shall be deemed to mean the 
        execution, termination (prior to its scheduled maturity 
        date), assignment, exchange, or similar transfer or 
        conveyance of, or extinguishing of rights or 
        obligations under, a security-based swap, as the 
        context may require.
          (19) The term ``emerging growth company'' means an 
        issuer that had total annual gross revenues of less 
        than $1,000,000,000 (as such amount is indexed for 
        inflation every 5 years by the Commission to reflect 
        the change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban 
        Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
        setting the threshold to the nearest 1,000,000) during 
        its most recently completed fiscal year. An issuer that 
        is an emerging growth company as of the first day of 
        that fiscal year shall continue to be deemed an 
        emerging growth company until the earliest of--
                  (A) the last day of the fiscal year of the 
                issuer during which it had total annual gross 
                revenues of $1,000,000,000 (as such amount is 
                indexed for inflation every 5 years by the 
                Commission to reflect the change in the 
                Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers 
                published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
                setting the threshold to the nearest 1,000,000) 
                or more;
                  (B) the last day of the fiscal year of the 
                issuer following the fifth anniversary of the 
                date of the first sale of common equity 
                securities of the issuer pursuant to an 
                effective registration statement under this 
                title;
                  (C) the date on which such issuer has, during 
                the previous 3-year period, issued more than 
                $1,000,000,000 in non-convertible debt; or
                  (D) the date on which such issuer is deemed 
                to be a ``large accelerated filer'', as defined 
                in section 240.12b-2 of title 17, Code of 
                Federal Regulations, or any successor thereto.
  (b) Consideration of Promotion of Efficiency, Competition, 
and Capital Formation.--Whenever pursuant to this title the 
Commission is engaged in rulemaking and is required to 
consider or determine whether an action is necessary or 
appropriate in the public interest, the Commission shall also 
consider, in addition to the protection of investors, whether 
the action will promote efficiency, competition, and capital 
formation.

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       DODD-FRANK WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT



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TITLE IV--REGULATION OF ADVISERS TO HEDGE FUNDS AND OTHERS

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SEC. 413. ADJUSTING THE ACCREDITED INVESTOR STANDARD.

  (a) In General.--The Commission shall adjust any net worth 
standard for an accredited investor, as set forth in the rules 
of the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, so that the 
individual net worth of any natural person, or joint net worth 
with the spouse of that person, at the time of purchase, is 
more than $1,000,000 (as such amount is adjusted periodically 
by rule of the Commission), excluding the value of the primary 
residence of such natural person, except that during the 4-year 
period that begins on the date of enactment of this Act, any 
net worth standard shall be $1,000,000, excluding the value of 
the primary residence of such natural person.
  (b) Review and Adjustment.--
          (1) Initial review and adjustment.--
                  (A) Initial review.--The Commission may 
                undertake a review of the definition of the 
                term ``accredited investor'', as such term 
                applies to natural persons, to determine 
                whether the requirements of the definition, 
                excluding the requirement relating to the net 
                worth standard described in subsection (a), 
                should be adjusted or modified for the 
                protection of investors, in the public 
                interest, and in light of the economy.
                  (B) Adjustment or modification.--Upon 
                completion of a review under subparagraph (A), 
                the Commission may, by notice and comment 
                rulemaking, make such adjustments to the 
                definition of the term ``accredited investor'', 
                excluding adjusting or modifying the 
                requirement relating to the net worth standard 
                described in subsection (a), as such term 
                applies to natural persons, as the Commission 
                may deem appropriate for the protection of 
                investors, in the public interest, and in light 
                of the economy.
          (2) Subsequent reviews and adjustment.--
                  (A) Subsequent reviews.--Not earlier than 4 
                years after the date of enactment of this Act, 
                and not less frequently than once every 4 years 
                thereafter, the Commission shall undertake a 
                review of the definition, in its entirety, of 
                the term ``accredited investor'', as defined in 
                section 230.215 of title 17, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, or any successor thereto, as such 
                term applies to natural persons, to determine 
                whether the requirements of the definition 
                should be adjusted or modified for the 
                protection of investors, in the public 
                interest, and in light of the economy.
                  (B) Adjustment or modification.--Upon 
                completion of a review under subparagraph (A), 
                the Commission may, by notice and comment 
                rulemaking, make such adjustments to the 
                definition of the term ``accredited investor'', 
                as defined in section 230.215 of title 17, Code 
                of Federal Regulations, or any successor 
                thereto, as such term applies to natural 
                persons, as the Commission may deem appropriate 
                for the protection of investors, in the public 
                interest, and in light of the economy.
          (3) Periodic review of certifications, designations, 
        and credentials.--Not later than 18 months after the 
        date of the enactment of this paragraph and not less 
        frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the 
        Commission shall--
                  (A) review the list of certifications, 
                designations, and credentials designated as 
                qualifying natural persons for accredited 
                investor status pursuant to Rule 501(a)(10) (17 
                CFR 230.501(a)(10));
                  (B) add such certifications, designations, 
                and credentials to such list as the Commission 
                determines are substantially similar in 
                measuring the financial sophistication, 
                knowledge, and experience in financial matters 
                of an individual to the certifications, 
                designations, and credentials included on such 
                list at the time of such review; and
                  (C) adjust or modify such list as the 
                Commission determines necessary or appropriate 
                in the public interest or for the protection of 
                investors.

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                             MINORITY VIEWS

    This bill gives the SEC broad discretion to expand the 
accredited investor definition as it sees fit. It further 
requires the SEC to review the list of certifications and 
credentials for individuals to qualify as an accredited 
investor and add additional certifications and credentials to 
such list which the SEC determines are substantially similar to 
existing ones on a periodic basis.
    Democrats no longer support this bill--which would give the 
SEC broad discretion to amend the accredited investor 
definition--due to the current SEC's de-prioritization of 
investor protection and reduced independence from the current 
presidential administration. Democrats were willing to accept 
this bill at the May 2025 markup had Republicans accepted a 
Democratic-sponsored revision that would limit the SEC's 
discretion to change the definition; however, this revision was 
not accepted by the Chairman. While a prior version of this 
bill was agreed to by a recorded vote of 41-2 in markup in the 
118th Congress, Democrats voted against this bill at the May 
2025 markup as they believe the current SEC is no longer 
sufficiently independent and could unilaterally weaken the 
accredited investor definition.
    For these reasons, we oppose H.R. 3348.
            Sincerely,
                                   Maxine Waters,
                                           Ranking Member.
                                   Nydia M. Velazquez,
                                   Stephen F. Lynch,
                                   Al Green,
                                   Joyce Beatty,
                                   Sylvia R. Garcia,
                                   Nikema Williams,
                                           Members of Congress.

                                  [all]