[Senate Report 118-324]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                       Calendar No. 744

118th Congress }                                              { Report
                                 SENATE                          
  2d Session   }                                              { 118-324
_______________________________________________________________________

                                     


                     MODERNIZING DATA PRACTICES TO
                         IMPROVE GOVERNMENT ACT

                               __________


                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

                   COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND
                          GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                              to accompany

                                S. 5109

               TO AMEND SECTION 3520A OF TITLE 44, UNITED
             STATES CODE, TO EXTEND THE CHIEF DATA OFFICER
              COUNCIL'S SUNSET AND ADD NEW AUTHORITIES FOR
               IMPROVING FEDERAL AGENCY DATA GOVERNANCE,
            INCLUDING TO ENABLE RELIABLE AND SECURE ADOPTION
         OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
                         AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES




               [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]




   December 19 (legislative day, December 16), 2024.--Ordered to be 
                                printed 
                                
                                 ------
                                
                  U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

59-010                    WASHINGTON : 2025                                 




















                                
                                
                                
        COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

                   GARY C. PETERS, Michigan, Chairman
THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware           RAND PAUL, Kentucky
MAGGIE HASSAN, New Hampshire         RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin
KYRSTEN SINEMA, Arizona              JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma
JACKY ROSEN, Nevada                  MITT ROMNEY, Utah
JON OSSOFF, Georgia                  RICK SCOTT, Florida
RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut      JOSH HAWLEY, Missouri
ADAM SCHIFF, California              ROGER MARSHALL, Kansas

                   David M. Weinberg, Staff Director
                      Alan S. Kahn, Chief Counsel
            Lena C. Chang, Director of Governmental Affairs
            Carter A. Hirschhorn, Professional Staff Member
           William E. Henderson III, Minority Staff Director
              Christina N. Salazar, Minority Chief Counsel
                  Andrew J. Hopkins, Minority Counsel
                     Laura W. Kilbride, Chief Clerk




















                                                      Calendar No. 744

118th Congress }                                             { Report
                                 SENATE                         
  2d Session   }                                             { 118-324

======================================================================


 
                 MODERNIZING DATA PRACTICES TO IMPROVE
                             GOVERNMENT ACT

                                _______
                                

   December 19 (legislative day, December 16), 2024.--Ordered to be 
                                printed

                                _______
                                

        Mr. Peters, from the Committee on Homeland Security and
             Governmental Affairs, submitted the following


                              R E P O R T

                         [To accompany S. 5109]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs, to which was referred the bill (S. 5109) to amend 
section 3520A of title 44, United States Code, to extend the 
Chief Data Officer Council's sunset and add new authorities for 
improving Federal agency data governance, including to enable 
reliable and secure adoption of emerging technologies and 
artificial intelligence, and for other purposes, having 
considered the same, reports favorably thereon with an 
amendment, in the nature of a substitute, and recommends that 
the bill, as amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
  I. Purpose and Summary..............................................1
 II. Background and Need for the Legislation..........................2
III. Legislative History..............................................3
 IV. Section-by-Section Analysis of the Bill, as Reported.............4
  V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact..................................5
 VI. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................5
VII. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............8

                         I. Purpose and Summary

    S. 5109, the Modernizing Data Practices to Improve 
Government Act, would amend section 3520A of Title 44, United 
States Code, to extend the authorities of the Chief Data 
Officers Council (CDO Council) seven years after enactment of 
this legislation. The bill would also codify new data 
governance responsibilities for the CDO Council and require 
additional reporting related to improving data governance 
across federal government. The bill would require the CDO 
Council to report to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
and Congress on key data governance issues for agencies, 
including recommendations for best practices to ensure agency 
data is reliable, transparent, and high-quality, as well as an 
assessment of any data challenges preventing artificial 
intelligence (AI) adoption across agencies. Further, under this 
bill, OMB would make recommendations to Congress to clarify and 
enhance the roles of Chief Data Officers (CDOs) across 
government and identify the resources and skills needed for 
CDOs to support data governance and AI adoption at federal 
agencies.

              II. Background and Need for the Legislation

    In 2019, Congress passed the Foundations for Evidence-Based 
Policymaking Act of 2018 (Evidence Act), to improve data 
management, expand access to government information, and 
strengthen agency evaluation capacity. Among its provisions, 
the bill codified the CDO position at agencies and created the 
CDO Council. While CDOs are permanent positions, the law 
terminates the CDO Council ``upon the expiration of the 2-year 
period that begins on the date the Comptroller General submits 
the report under paragraph (1) to Congress.''\1\ The 
Comptroller General submitted the referenced report on December 
15, 2022; the Council will terminate on December 15, 2024.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018, Pub. L. No. 115-435, 44 
USC Sec. 3520A. See also H. Rept. 115-411.
    \2\Government Accountability Office, Progress Strengthening Federal 
Evidence-Based Policymaking (GAO-23-105514) (Dec. 2022).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Without the CDO Council, the federal government would lose 
the main interagency council responsible for cross-agency data 
management. The termination of this Council would arrive just 
as agencies are adopting new technologies and facing greater 
data challenges than ever before.\3\ Extending the Council 
would allow it to continue assisting agencies across the 
government. In a survey of agency CDOs, many CDOs found the 
Council helpful for achieving their missions.\4\ A 2023 
Government Accountability Office (GAO) review of the Council's 
operations found that the Council was successful in carrying 
out each of its core statutory missions.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\Government Accountability Office, Artificial Intelligence: 
Agencies Have Begun Implementation but Need to Complete Key 
Requirements (GAO-24-105980) (Dec. 2023); Data, Talent, Funding Among 
Top Barriers for Federal Agency AI Implementation, FedScoop (Oct. 10, 
2024) (https://fedscoop.com/data-talent-funding-among-top-barriers-for-
federal-agency-ai-implementation).
    \4\The Data Foundation, Five Years of Progress and the Road Ahead 
Insights from the 2024 Survey of Federal Chief Data Officers (2024) 
(file:///C:/Users/ch44360/Downloads/2024%20CDO%20Survey.pdf).
    \5\Government Accountability Office, supra note 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    This bill would allow the Council to build on and extend 
its success to new topics critical for agency data management, 
such as managing data in the age of artificial intelligence 
(AI) and defining data standards.\6\ The Modernizing Data 
Practices to Improve Government Act would, for example, require 
the CDO Council to help agencies mitigate risks associated with 
misuse and mismanagement of personally identifiable 
information, when adopting AI. In October 2024, OMB released an 
RFI about issues related to agency ``collection, processing, 
maintenance, use dissemination, and disposition of commercially 
available information containing personally identifiable 
information.''\7\ Additionally, the legislation requires the 
Council to recommend (1) definitions for key data standards and 
(2) best practices for defining, generating, and using 
synthetic data (artificial data that have some of the 
statistical characteristics of the seed data). A recent 
Congressional Research Service report found that federal 
agencies have conflicting definitions and approaches to data 
standards.\8\ This bill would require the CDO Council to 
recommend data standard definitions and best practices. These 
elements reflect challenges agencies have experienced in 
defining critical data terms and practices. The CDO Council 
itself has recently published Requests for Information 
involving definition, generation, and use of synthetic data.\9\ 
A recent survey of CDOs showed a desire for consistent 
information, and the reporting requirements in this legislation 
would help accomplish that objective.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\Chief Data Officer Council, Success Stories (https://
www.cdo.gov/success-stories/) (accessed Dec. 17, 2024).
    \7\Office of Management and Budget, Request for Information: 
Executive Branch Agency Handling of Commercially Available Information 
Containing Personally Identifiable Information, 89 FR 83517 (Oct. 16, 
2024).
    \8\Congressional Research Service, Federal Data Management: Issues 
and Challenges in the Use of Data Standards (Apr. 29, 2024)(R48053).
    \9\National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Glossary, 
Synthetic Data Generation (https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/
synthetic_data_generation) (accessed Dec. 11, 2024).
    \10\The Data Foundation, supra note 5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    The legislation would also require OMB to publish a report 
to help identify, clarify, and enhance the roles of CDOs in 
government, and to assess other CDO needs to ensure they are 
able to meet mission outcomes. CDOs have reported lower levels 
of clarity of their roles and responsibilities over the last 
several years.\11\ They have also identified that lack of 
guidance has produced obstacles for agencies attempting to 
adopt AI in their daily operations. For example, in the 2024 
survey of agency CDOs, 43% of those surveyed reported lack of 
guidance related to AI as a primary barrier for using AI in 
their organizations.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \11\Id.
    \12\Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                        III. Legislative History

    Senator Gary Peters (D-MI) introduced S. 5109, the 
Modernizing Data Practices to Improve Government Act, on 
September 19, 2024, with original cosponsor Senator Todd Young 
(R-IN). The bill was referred to the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs.
    The Committee considered S. 5109 at a business meeting on 
September 25, 2024. At the business meeting, Senator Peters 
offered a substitute amendment to the bill, as well as a 
modification to the substitute amendment. The substitute 
amendment, as modified, incorporated agency feedback, including 
technical changes and changes to: (1) ensure the CDO Council's 
responsibilities match and build on its current authorities; 
(2) ensure the Council's recommendations include coordination 
with other relevant agency officials; (3) clarify that one 
representative from among Chief AI Officers and one 
representative from Chief Privacy Officers should be on the 
Council; and (4) allow the Council to enter into an interagency 
agreement with the General Services Administration (GSA) for 
staffing the Council. The amendment also added language 
specifying that no additional funds are authorized to be 
appropriated for the purpose of carrying out this Act, and 
clarified that the Act does not require agencies to implement 
the recommendations in the CDO Council's report to Congress and 
OMB. The Committee adopted the modification to the Peters 
substitute amendment, and the substitute amendment as modified, 
by unanimous consent, with Senators Peters, Hassan, Sinema, 
Rosen, Blumenthal, Butler, Paul, Lankford, and Hawley present.
    The bill, as amended by the Peters substitute amendment as 
modified, was ordered reported favorably by roll call vote of 7 
yeas to 2 nays, with Senators Peters, Hassan, Sinema, Rosen, 
Blumenthal, Butler, and Hawley voting in the affirmative, and 
Senators Paul and Lankford voting in the negative. Senators 
Carper, Ossoff, Romney, Scott, and Marshall voted yea by proxy, 
and Senator Johnson voted nay by proxy, for the record only.
    Consistent with Committee Rule 3(G), the Committee reports 
the bill with a technical amendment by mutual agreement of the 
Chairman and Ranking Member.

        IV. Section-by-Section Analysis of the Bill, as Reported


Section 1. Short title

    This section establishes the short title of the bill as the 
``Modernizing Data Practices to Improve Government Act.''

Section 2. Amendments

    Section 2 amends section 3520A of Title 44, United States 
Code. It strikes subsection (d) of section 3520A, which 
required the CDO Council to produce a report, and subsection 
(e), which required an evaluation of the Council and for the 
Council to be terminated in December of 2024. These provisions 
are later replaced with a provision requiring a new report from 
the Council and a provision that extends the CDO Council for 
seven years.
    Section 2 also adds a new subsection (a) to section 3520A, 
to define ``artificial intelligence'' and ``data governance.''
    Section 2 adds new purposes to the CDO Council under 
subsection (c) of 3520A of Title 44. The language would require 
the CDO Council to identify opportunities and procedures to 
improve data governance and ensure agencies' data is 
transparent, accessible, and sufficient quality for intended 
use. Additionally, the provision clarifies that the Council 
shall support agency heads if those agencies adopt emerging 
technologies, to ensure they are implemented reliably and 
securely.
    Section 2 also amends the membership of the CDO Council 
(subsection (d) of section 3520A of Title 44) by adding 
representatives from all Chief Privacy Officers and Chief AI 
Officers to the council as ex officio members.
    In addition, Section 2 adds new subsections (e) through (j) 
to section 3520A of Title 44, with requirements as follows.
    New subsection (e) would allow GSA to provide staffing to 
the Council, codifying existing practice.
    New subsection (f) would require the CDO Council to submit 
to OMB and Congress: (1) a biennial report on the work of the 
Council, and (2) a report with recommendations for improving 
data governance at agencies. The subsection requires the 
Council to include any updates to the broader data governance 
report in its biennial report. The report with data governance 
recommendations must include data policy recommendations for 
agencies adopting artificial intelligence. Other elements in 
the report include an assessment of key data governance and 
sharing challenges; agency criteria for data transparency, 
security, and evaluation metrics; recommendations for data 
governance best practices, agency use case prioritization, data 
risk management, secure expansion of public access to federal 
data, and agency adoption and use of synthetic data generation.
    New subsection (g) would allow OMB to issue agency guidance 
once it receives the report required under new subsection (f).
    New subsection (h) would require the OMB Director, in 
consultation with the CDO Council, to submit a report with: (1) 
recommendations for clarifying and enhancing the roles of 
federal Chief Data Officers, and (2) opportunities for the CDO 
Council to collaborate with other interagency councils. This 
subsection also requires OMB to annually publish on a public 
website a list of all CDOs, any additional roles they hold, and 
their respective responsibilities relating to data and AI.
    New subsection (i) would require GAO to submit a biennial 
report for six years to Congress with an evaluation of the 
Council's work to improve the use of data and evidence in 
government. The report must also indicate any challenges the 
Council faces in carrying out its responsibilities.
    New subsection (j) would clarify that nothing in this 
section shall be interpreted to require agencies to implement 
the recommendations included in the CDO Council's report to 
Congress and OMB.

Section 3. No additional funds

    This section provides that no additional funds are 
authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out 
this Act.

                   V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact

    Pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 11(b) of rule 
XXVI of the Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee has 
considered the regulatory impact of this bill and determined 
that the bill will have no regulatory impact within the meaning 
of the rules. The Committee agrees with the Congressional 
Budget Office's statement that the bill contains no 
intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the 
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs 
on state, local, or tribal governments.

             VI. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate


           Summary Estimates of Legislation Ordered Reported

    The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 requires the 
Congressional Budget Office, to the extent practicable, to 
prepare estimates of the budgetary effects of legislation 
ordered reported by Congressional authorizing committees. In 
order to provide the Congress with as much information as 
possible, the attached table summarizes information about the 
estimated direct spending and revenue effects of some of the 
legislation that has been ordered reported by the Senate 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs during 
the 118th Congress. The legislation listed in this table 
generally would have small effects, if any, on direct spending 
or revenues, CBO estimates. Where possible, the table also 
provides information about the legislation's estimated effects 
on spending subject to appropriation and on intergovernmental 
and private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates 
Reform Act.

                                                                      ESTIMATED BUDGETARY EFFECTS AND MANDATES INFORMATION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                     Spending Subject
                                                                      Last       Budget       Direct      Revenues,          to         Pay-As-You-Go    Budgetary
         Bill Number                 Title            Status         Action     Function     Spending,    2025-2034   Appropriation,      Procedures      Effects    Mandates        Contact
                                                                                             2025-2034                   2025-2029          Apply?      After 2034
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S. 5109......................  Modernizing Data  Ordered reported   09/25/24         800             0           0   Not Estimated...              No          No          No   Matthew Pickford
                                Practices to
                                Improve
                                Government Act.
                               S. 5109 would expand the authorities of the Chief Data Officer Council concerning data management within the federal government. The bill also would create
                                reporting requirements for that council and the Government Accountability Office on agencies' use of emerging technologies and artificial intelligence. Those
                                authorities would end seven years after enactment. CBO estimates that enacting S. 5109 would have no effect on direct spending or revenues. CBO has not
                                estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded
                                Mandates Reform Act.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       VII. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

                          UNITED STATES CODE

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                     TITLE 44--PUBLIC PRINTING AND
                               DOCUMENTS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                  CHAPTER 35--COORDINATION OF FEDERAL
                          INFORMATION POLICY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

               Subchapter I--Federal Information Policy

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 3520A. CHIEF DATA OFFICER COUNCIL

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
          (1) Artificial intelligence.--The term `artificial 
        intelligence'--
                  (A) has the meaning given that term in 
                section 5002 of the National Artificial 
                Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 
                9401); and
                  (B) includes the artificial systems and 
                techniques described in paragraphs (1) through 
                (5) of section 238(g) of the John S. McCain 
                National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
                Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. 4061 
                note prec.).
          (2) Data governance.--The term `data governance'--
                  (A) means the approach of an agency to 
                managing data during the lifecycle of the data; 
                and
                  (B) includes--
                          (i) agency responsibilities and 
                        requirements to ensure data is secure, 
                        private, accurate, available, and 
                        usable; and
                          (ii) authorities, roles, 
                        responsibilities, organizational 
                        structures, policies, procedures, 
                        standards, and resources for the 
                        definition, stewardship, production, 
                        security provenance, dissemination, and 
                        use of data.
    [(a)](b) * * *
    [(b)](c) Purpose And Functions.--The Council shall--
          (1) establish Governmentwide best practices for the 
        use, protection, dissemination, and generation of data;
          (2) promote and encourage data sharing agreements 
        between agencies;
          (3) identify ways in which agencies can improve upon 
        the production of evidence for use in policymaking;
          (4) consult with the public and engage with private 
        users of Government data and other stakeholders on how 
        to improve access to data assets of the Federal 
        Government; [and]
          (5) identify opportunities and procedures to improve 
        data governance to--
                  (A) ensure that publicly available data of 
                agencies are transparent, accessible, and of 
                sufficient quality for the intended use of the 
                data; and
                  (B) support agency heads and their efforts to 
                reliably and securely leverage emerging 
                technologies and artificial intelligence, 
                including to ensure mission outcomes and 
                improve operational efficiency across agencies; 
                and
          [(5)] (6) identify and evaluate new technology 
        solutions for improving the collection and use of data.
    [(c)] (d) Membership.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) Ex officio member.--The Director shall appoint a 
        representative for all Chief Information Officers [and 
        Evaluation Officers, and such representative shall 
        serve as an ex officio member of the Council], a 
        representative from all Chief Artificial Intelligence 
        Officers, and a representative for all Chief Privacy 
        Officers, and such representatives shall serve as non-
        voting ex officio members of the Council.
    (e) Council Staff.--The Council may enter into an 
interagency agreement with the Administrator of General 
Services for shared services for the purpose of staffing the 
Council.
    (f) Data Governance Reports.--The Council shall submit to 
the Director, the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives--
          (1) a biennial report on the work of the Council, 
        including any updates to the recommendations provided 
        in the report required under paragraph (2) of this 
        subsection and an explanation of the work to ensure 
        progress on each of the objectives in subsection (c);
          (2) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this subsection, a report with recommendations and 
        best practices for agencies (taking into account that 
        the recommendations may not apply to all agencies or to 
        all agencies equally, based on the unique missions and 
        capabilities of each agency) for developing datasets, 
        data governance policies, and infrastructure, including 
        to enable adoption and use of emerging technologies and 
        artificial intelligence, such as for use in training, 
        testing, and operation of artificial intelligence 
        within agencies, which shall include--
                  (A) an assessment of key data governance and 
                sharing challenges, including those that 
                prevent adoption of emerging technologies and 
                artificial intelligence across agencies;
                  (B) an assessment, as applicable, of ways to 
                strengthen and clarify the roles and 
                responsibilities relating to data governance of 
                agency officials, in addition to the Chief Data 
                Officer;
                  (C) recommendations for data governance best 
                practices, including--
                          (i) best practices to ensure data 
                        used is reliable, fit for purpose, 
                        transparent, high quality, protects 
                        privacy and personally identifiable 
                        information, and protects 
                        confidentiality of individuals and 
                        other sensitive information, including 
                        data used for testing, training, and 
                        operation of artificial intelligence; 
                        and
                          (ii) defining key data standards, 
                        including data quality;
                  (D) a prioritization of existing and future 
                agency artificial intelligence use cases that 
                address a critical need across the Federal 
                Government, for which new or shared datasets 
                are needed to support adoption;
                  (E) identification of existing data available 
                to 1 or more agencies that would benefit other 
                such agencies if the data were shared or made 
                available;
                  (F) recommendations for ways Chief Data 
                Officers should work with relevant agency 
                officials to assist in addressing increases in 
                risks associated with--
                          (i) the potential for misuse of, 
                        mismanagement of, and unauthorized 
                        access to data and personally 
                        identifiable information of individuals 
                        when an agency leverages data for use 
                        in artificial intelligence, including 
                        identification of software or hardware 
                        solutions, technical processes, 
                        techniques, or other technological 
                        means of mitigating privacy risks 
                        arising from data processing; and
                          (ii) increasing access to the data of 
                        the agency for the purposes of 
                        supporting a cross-Government mission;
                  (G) recommendations for data ownership and 
                retention policies and procedures, including 
                how Chief Data Officers can support Chief 
                Procurement Officers and relevant officials in 
                ensuring that agency contracts to procure 
                emerging technology or artificial intelligence 
                include any necessary clauses to ensure that 
                the Federal Government--
                          (i) retains sufficient rights to 
                        data, and any modifications to that 
                        data;
                          (ii) avoids vendor lock-in and 
                        retains the ability to facilitate or 
                        conduct the continued design, 
                        development, testing, and operation of 
                        data by the Federal Government;
                          (iii) can conduct pre-procurement 
                        reviews of artificial intelligence to 
                        assess potential error issues; and
                          (iv) maximizes the use of and access 
                        to open data, open source software, and 
                        public access research to improve 
                        transparency, knowledge sharing, and 
                        interoperability;
                  (H) criteria agencies should consider when 
                using data to train artificial intelligence 
                used by agencies, including recommendations 
                for--
                          (i) ways to increase transparency of 
                        training data for the public and for 
                        agency employees using the relevant 
                        artificial intelligence system 
                        software; and
                          (ii) processes and procedures to 
                        analyze and test training data for 
                        potential risks;
                  (I) recommendations for ways to expand public 
                access to Federal data assets in a machine-
                readable format while also taking into account 
                the criteria listed under section 
                3511(a)(2)(E);
                  (J) recommendations for defining, generating, 
                using, and ensuring the privacy and security of 
                synthetic data in the Federal Government, 
                including--
                          (i) a formalized definition of 
                        synthetic data generation for 
                        government use, including specifying 
                        definitions for data which is fully or 
                        partially synthetic;
                          (ii) best practices relating to 
                        synthetic data generation and use, 
                        including tools or techniques agencies 
                        should take to--
                                  (I) mitigate privacy and 
                                security risks;
                                  (II) ensure the accuracy and 
                                quality of synthetic data and 
                                the appropriateness for the 
                                intended use of the synthetic 
                                data by the agency;
                                  (III) adopt the appropriate 
                                techniques to validate 
                                synthetic data, including data 
                                profiling, data consistency, 
                                data integrity, and data 
                                documentation; and
                                  (IV) communicate 
                                opportunities, risks, and 
                                limitations of synthetic data 
                                internally to relevant Federal 
                                employees and externally to the 
                                public;
                          (iii) opportunities across the 
                        Federal Government and within specific 
                        agencies for using synthetic data;
                          (iv) circumstances when agencies 
                        should not use synthetic data; and
                          (v) opportunities for the Federal 
                        Government to partner with public and 
                        private sector entities in the 
                        development and sharing of data, 
                        including synthetic data, including to 
                        help in the adoption of emerging 
                        technologies and artificial 
                        intelligence, while also taking into 
                        account the criteria under section 
                        3511(a)(2)(E); and
                  (K) for subparagraphs (A) through (J), an 
                indication of how agencies can incorporate the 
                respective recommendations and best practices 
                into existing agency processes and statutory 
                requirements.
    (g) Data Governance Guidance.--The Director, upon receipt 
of a report required under subsection (f), may issue guidance 
to agencies with respect to the implementation of the 
recommendations of the report.
    (h) Data Management Report.--Not later than 270 days after 
the date of enactment of this subsection, the Director, in 
consultation with the Council, shall--
          (1) submit to Congress and make available on a public 
        website a report with recommendations to clarify and 
        enhance the roles of the Chief Data Officers across the 
        Federal Government relating to data governance, 
        including for artificial intelligence and including 
        recommendations for suggested collaboration 
        opportunities between the Council, other interagency 
        councils, and additional Federal Government entities 
        the Council determines relevant; and
          (2) make available on a public website, not less 
        frequently than annually--
                  (A) a list of all Chief Data Officers of 
                agencies, including, with respect to each Chief 
                Data Officer--
                          (i) any additional roles or titles 
                        the Chief Data Officer holds at the 
                        agency; and
                          (ii) the respective roles, 
                        responsibilities, and statutory 
                        authorities of the Chief Data Officer 
                        at the agency relating to data and 
                        artificial intelligence; and
                  (B) an identification of skills and resources 
                needed by Chief Data Officers and their staffs, 
                including to support artificial intelligence 
                system adoption at agencies.
    (i) Evaluation.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this subsection, and not less frequently than once 
every 2 years thereafter, the Comptroller General shall submit 
to Congress a report on--
          (1) whether the duties of the Council improved the 
        use of evidence and data in the Federal Government; and
          (2) any barriers or challenges preventing the Council 
        from accomplishing the objectives under this section or 
        the amendments made by the Modernizing Data Practices 
        to Improve Government Act.
    (j) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to require an agency to implement any recommendation 
developed pursuant to subsection (f) or (h).
    (k) Sunset.--Beginning on the date that is 7 years after 
the date of enactment of this subsection, this section shall 
have no force or effect.
    [(d) Reports.--The Council shall submit to the Director, 
the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of 
the Senate, and the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform of the House of Representatives a biennial report on the 
work of the Council.
    [(e) Evaluation and termination.--
          [(1) GAO evaluation of council.--Not later than 4 
        years after dateof the enactment of this section, the 
        Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report 
        on whether the additional duties of the Council 
        improved the use of evidence and program evaluation in 
        the Federal Government.
          [(2) Termination of council.--The Council shall 
        terminate and this section shall be repealed upon the 
        expiration of the 2-year period that begins on the date 
        the Comptroller General submits the report under 
        paragraph (1) to Congress.]

                                  [all]