[Senate Report 118-292]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                       Calendar No. 698

118th Congress }                                              { Report
                                 SENATE                          
  2d Session   }                                              { 118-292
_______________________________________________________________________

                                     



                    PERMITTING COUNCIL IMPROVEMENT 
                              ACT OF 2024

                               __________

                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

                   COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND

                          GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                              to accompany

                                S. 4679

           TO AMEND TITLE XLI OF THE FAST ACT TO IMPROVE THE
           FEDERAL PERMITTING PROCESS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES


               
               
               
               
               
               
               [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]








               December 16, 2024.--Ordered to be printed
               
                                 ------

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

59-010                     WASHINGTON : 2025





















        COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

                   GARY C. PETERS, Michigan, Chairman
THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware           RAND PAUL, Kentucky
MAGGIE HASSAN, New Hampshire         RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin
KYRSTEN SINEMA, Arizona              JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma
JACKY ROSEN, Nevada                  MITT ROMNEY, Utah
JON OSSOFF, Georgia                  RICK SCOTT, Florida
RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut      JOSH HAWLEY, Missouri
ADAM SCHIFF, California              ROGER MARSHALL, Kansas

                   David M. Weinberg, Staff Director
                      Alan S. Kahn, Chief Counsel
            Lena C. Chang, Director of Governmental Affairs
           Chelsea A. Davis, Senior Professional Staff Member
              James F. Hiebert, Professional Staff Member
           William E. Henderson III, Minority Staff Director
              Christina N. Salazar, Minority Chief Counsel
                  Andrew J. Hopkins, Minority Counsel
                     Laura W. Kilbride, Chief Clerk
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
             
                                                      Calendar No. 698

118th Congress }                                             { Report
                                 SENATE                          
  2d Session   }                                             { 118-292

======================================================================


 
               PERMITTING COUNCIL IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2024

                                _______
                                

               December 16, 2024.--Ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

       Mr. Peters, from the Committee on Homeland Security and
            Governmental Affairs, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                         [To accompany S. 4679]

    The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs, to which was referred the bill (S. 4679) to amend 
title XLI of the FAST Act to improve the Federal permitting 
process, and for other purposes, having considered the same, 
reports favorably thereon with an amendment, in the nature of a 
substitute, and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
  I. Purpose and Summary..............................................1
 II. Background and Need for the Legislation..........................1
III. Legislative History..............................................3
 IV. Section-by-Section Analysis of the Bill, as Reported.............4
  V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact..................................6
 VI. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............6

                         I. Purpose and Summary

    The Permitting Council Improvement Act of 2024 modifies the 
Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council's (Permitting 
Council) authorities to hold agencies accountable for timely 
and coordinated reviews of permits that are required for the 
construction of certain major infrastructure and energy 
projects. The bill also increases congressional oversight of 
the Permitting Council.

              II. Background and Need for the Legislation

    In 2015, the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
Committee authorized reforms to improve interagency and 
intergovernmental coordination, transparency, and 
predictability in the permitting process in Title 41 of Fixing 
America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST-41). In this 
context, the ``permitting process'' refers to the various 
governmental approvals that state, local, tribal, and private 
parties must secure before they can begin construction on a 
major infrastructure project.\1\ The number and complexity of 
these approvals vary depending on the expected impacts on 
factors like the environment, wildlife, and public and private 
land, which can implicate various federal agencies and levels 
of government.\2\ For example, the reviews for environmental 
permits coordinated under the National Environmental Policy Act 
(NEPA) are often broadly conflated with the term ``permitting'' 
but are only one of many approvals that may be required for a 
project.\3\ The Permitting Council and the FAST-41 were made 
permanent as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs 
Act, and its authorizing legislation was codified in 42 U.S.C. 
4370m.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act) of 2015, 
Pub. L. No. 114-94. The Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
Committee bill, S. 280 (114th Congress), was reported favorably by the 
Committee in May 2015 and subsequently included in the FAST Act.
    \2\Congressional Research Service, National Environmental Policy 
Act: An Overview (Dec. 28, 2023) (IF12560).
    \3\Id.
    \4\Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, Pub. L. No. 117-
58, Sec. 70801.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    The Permitting Council is comprised of its Executive 
Director, the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality 
(CEQ), the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
(OMB), and representatives from 13 federal agencies. The 
Permitting Council Executive Director is currently appointed by 
the President, and is authorized to hire staff to administer 
the authorities, procedures, and funding made available in 
FAST-41. The Permitting Council Executive Director is charged 
with overseeing performance timelines for agencies to issue 
permits for certain major infrastructure projects and with 
implementing the coordination, oversight, and transparency 
measures established in FAST-41.\5\ Given the growing scope of 
responsibilities of the Permitting Council and its permanent 
authorization, this bill requires that the Senate confirm the 
President's appointment of the Executive Director.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act) of 2015, 
Pub. L. No. 114-94, Sec. 41002.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    The FAST-41 process begins when a project sponsor 
voluntarily submits a request for coordination to the 
Permitting Council Executive Director.\6\ To be covered by the 
Permitting Council, the project must meet certain eligibility 
criteria. Most projects are covered through statutory 
eligibility criteria under 42 U.S.C. 4370m(6)(A)(i), which 
include whether the projects fall within certain covered 
sectors, have an investment of $200 million or more, and are 
subject to NEPA.\7\ 42 U.S.C. 4370m(6)(A)(iv) also allows for 
projects to be covered on a discretionary basis, considering 
whether a project would benefit from increased coordination. 
However, no project has been covered by this discretionary 
authority, and the 2017 guidance indicates that OMB, CEQ, and 
the Executive Director have yet to establish a process to cover 
projects via the discretionary criteria.\8\ The bill clarifies 
the process for covering projects via the discretionary 
criteria, by specifying that the Executive Director may cover a 
project after consulting with the members of the Permitting 
Council.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act) of 2015, 
Pub. L. No. 114-94, Sec. 41003(a).
    \7\42 U.S.C. 4370m(6)(A). Additionally, this section provides that 
projects sponsored by an Indian Tribe, Alaska Native Corporation, a 
Native Hawaiian organization (as defined in section 7517 of title 20), 
the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, or the Office of Hawaiian 
Affairs, or a carbon dioxide pipeline project do not need to meet the 
$200 million threshold.
    \8\Office of Management and Budget, Guidance to Federal Agencies 
Regarding the Environmental Review and Authorization Process for 
Infrastructure Projects (Jan. 13, 2017) (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-
content/uploads/legacy_drupal_files/omb/memoranda/2017/m-17-14.pdf).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Once a project is covered by the FAST-41 process, the 
Permitting Council Executive Director also publishes 
information about the permitting process on a public dashboard 
and is authorized to resolve disputes relating to permitting 
timetables. The dispute resolution process, however, has never 
been utilized. The bill amends this section of the law to allow 
project sponsors to initiate the process when there are 
disputes with agencies over the timing and content of 
permitting timetables. It additionally allows the Executive 
Director to issue a new permitting timetable when a dispute 
arises and allows agencies seven days to respond if a timetable 
is not feasible.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \9\Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council, Annual Report 
to Congress Fiscal Year 2023 (Apr. 2024) (https://
www.permits.performance.gov/fpisc-content/permitting-council-fy-2023-
annual-report-congress).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Finally, the Permitting Council can raise fees and transfer 
funds from its Environmental Review Improvement Fund (ERIF) to 
federal agencies, states, and tribal and local governments to 
improve permitting processes. Congress appropriated $350 
million to the ERIF in the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).\10\ 
However, a fee structure has never been created. This bill 
amends the fee structure authorization to better align it with 
the needs of the agency and project sponsors and caps its total 
cost at 1% of total project investment. Thus far, the 
Permitting Council has allocated over $165 million of the IRA 
funds, including targeted investments in federal agencies to 
improve permitting capacity, and has also earmarked $25 million 
to be available for a Tribal Assistance Program.\11\ The bill 
further clarifies the Permitting Council's authority to 
transfer funds out of the ERIF, which must be done in 
coordination with OMB and with OMB's explicit approval for 
transfers over $2 million. The bill also includes increased 
reporting requirements to provide Congress with greater insight 
into the ERIF's activities and transfers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Pub. L. No. 117-169, Sec. 
70007.
    \11\Supra, note 6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                        III. Legislative History

    Senator Gary Peters (D-MI) introduced S. 4679, the 
Permitting Council Improvement Act of 2024, on July 11, 2024. 
The bill was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs. Senator James Lankford (R-OK) joined as a 
cosponsor on September 25, 2024.
    The Committee considered S. 4679 at a business meeting on 
September 25, 2024. At the business meeting, Chairman Peters 
offered a substitute amendment to the bill, as well as a 
modification to that amendment. The Peters amendment, as 
modified, removed a savings clause modification that would have 
allowed the Permitting Council to cover additional projects not 
currently covered under FAST-41, removed a tribal projects 
expansion to clarify that a project is a tribal project if any 
part of the project is on tribal land, and provided explicit 
authority to OMB to disapprove of funding transfers for covered 
projects.
    The Committee adopted the modification to the Peters 
substitute amendment and the Peters substitute amendment, as 
modified, by unanimous consent, with Senators Peters, Carper, 
Hassan, Sinema, Rosen, Blumenthal, Butler, Paul, Lankford, and 
Hawley present. The bill, as amended by the Peters substitute 
amendment as modified, was ordered reported favorably by roll 
call vote of 8 yeas to 2 nays, with Senators Peters, Carper, 
Hassan, Sinema, Rosen, Blumenthal, Butler, and Lankford voting 
in the affirmative, and Senators Paul and Hawley voting in the 
negative. Senators Ossoff and Scott voted yea by proxy, and 
Senators Johnson, Romney, and Marshall voted nay by proxy, for 
the record only.

        IV. Section-by-Section Analysis of the Bill, as Reported


Section 1. Short title

    This section establishes the short title of the bill as the 
``Permitting Council Improvement Act of 2024.''

Section 2. Federal permitting improvement

    Subsection (a) amends the definition of a ``covered 
project'' by striking ``in the opinion of the Council'' and 
inserting ``in the opinion of the Executive Director, in 
consultation with the Council.''
    Subsection (b) makes the Permitting Council Executive 
Director a Senate-confirmed position. It also repeals the 
``Recommended Performance Schedules'' in 42 U.S.C. 4370m-
1(c)(1)(C). The bill replaces this with new reporting 
requirements in 42 U.S.C. 4370m-7(a)(1)(i).
    Subsection (c)(1) introduces a technical fix that requires 
that project sponsors provide a statement of the total 
investment required to plan, design, and construct the proposed 
project.
    Subsection (c)(2)(A) also revises 42 U.S.C. 4370m-2(c)(2) 
to allow project sponsors to initiate the dispute resolution 
process between agencies over the content and timing of 
timetables. It would also allow the Executive Director to 
propose a new permitting timetable when a dispute does arise, 
and it provides 10 business days for an agency to respond if 
the timetable is not feasible.
    Subsection (c)(2)(B) revises 42 U.S.C. 4370m-2(c)(2)(D) to 
clarify that if an agency has missed an intermediate or final 
completion date with an action on a permitting timetable, the 
agency must submit a new alternative date to the Executive 
Director within 15 days. These alternative completion dates are 
subject to the same requirements as other completion dates.
    Subsection (c)(2)(C) of the Act revises 42 U.S.C. 4370m-
2(c)(2)(F) to modify the reporting requirements so that 
alternative completion dates are posted on the permitting 
dashboard and in a monthly status report, similar to other 
completion date reporting requirements required under current 
statute.
    Subsection (d)(1) renews the reporting requirements and 
requires new information in the Annual Report to Congress in 42 
U.S.C. 4370m-7(a)(1) on trends by sector in permitting 
timetables, which would replace the recommended performance 
schedules. This report also describes the contributing factors 
that affect timelines. 42 U.S.C. 4370m-7(a)(1)(ii) also 
requires the Executive Director to report on the work of the 
Permitting Council as the Federal Center for Permitting 
Excellence. 42 U.S.C. 4370m-7(a)(1)(iii) requires the Executive 
Director to report on transfers made out of the ERIF.
    Subsection (d)(2)(A) adds new section 41008(2)(A) of the 
FAST Act, which requires the Executive Director, in 
consultation with Director of OMB and the Director of the 
Office of Personnel Management, to produce a report on the 
federal government's permitting workforce. This report may be 
included in the Annual Report.
    Subsection (d)(2)(B) adds new section 41008(2)(B) of the 
FAST Act to require the Executive Director, in consultation 
with the Administrator of the General Services Administration 
and the Secretary of Transportation, to study and make 
recommendations about improving the usability of the Permitting 
Dashboard. This report may be included in the Annual Report. 
Subsection (d)(2)(B) also adds new section 41008(2)(B) of the 
FAST Act to require the Executive Director, in consultation 
with the Administrator of the General Services Administration 
and the Secretary of Transportation, to study and make 
recommendations about improving the usability of the Permitting 
Dashboard. This report may be included in the Annual Report.
    Subsection (d)(3) repeals section 41011 of the FAST Act (42 
U.S.C. 4370m-10), which required a one-time Comptroller General 
report to be completed not later than December 2018.
    Subsections (e)(1) and (e)(2) strike subsections (b) and 
(c) in 42 U.S.C. 4370m-8 and replace them with updated language 
authorizing the Permitting Council to establish a fee structure 
that shall not exceed 1% of the total investment required for 
each covered project. This fee must also be based on relevant 
factors, like total project investment and anticipated 
complexity, must exclude parties for which the fee would impose 
undue financial burden, and must support timely completion of 
environmental reviews and authorizations for covered projects.
    Subsections (e)(3) and (e)(4) strike subsection (c)(3) in 
42 U.S.C. 4370m-8 and replace with updated language that 
authorizes the Permitting Council to transfer funds in the 
ERIF, in coordination with the Director of OMB, to other 
federal agencies, state and local governments, territorial 
governments, Indian Tribes, Alaska Native Corporations, and 
Native Hawaiian organizations to facilitate timely and 
efficient environmental reviews and authorizations. Any 
transfer of more than $2 million shall be approved by OMB. 
Additionally, the bill authorizes appropriations of $9,002,000 
for fiscal years 2025 through 2031 for deposit into the ERIF 
(adjusted for inflation after fiscal year 2025). Finally, the 
bill makes a technical amendment to clarify that funds are 
available to make investments to improve federal environmental 
reviews and authorizations and to support infrastructure 
permitting processes. Subsection (e)(5) makes a technical 
amendment to redesignate subsection numbering accordingly.
    Subsection (f) makes a technical amendment to strike 
section 41013 from the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94; 129 Stat. 
1319), which was a seven year sunset clause that had been 
repealed in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public 
Law 117-58; 135 Stat. 429).

                   V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact

    Pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 11(b) of rule 
XXVI of the Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee has 
considered the regulatory impact of this bill and determined 
that the bill will have no regulatory impact within the meaning 
of the rules. The Committee agrees with the Congressional 
Budget Office's statement that the bill contains no 
intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the 
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs 
on state, local, or tribal governments.

       VI. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

    In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in brackets, new matter is 
printed in italic, and existing law in which no change is 
proposed is shown in roman):

                       FIXING AMERICA'S SURFACE
                          TRANSPORTATION ACT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                     TITLE 42--FEDERAL PERMITTING
                              IMPROVEMENT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 41001. DEFINITIONS.

          (1) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
          (5) * * *
          (6) Covered project.--
                  (A) In general.--
                          (i) * * *
                          (ii) * * *
                          (iii) * * *
                          (iv) is subject to NEPA and the size 
                        and complexity of which, [in the 
                        opinion of the Council] in the opinion 
                        of the Executive Director, in 
                        consultation with the Council, make the 
                        project likely to benefit from enhanced 
                        oversight and coordination, including a 
                        project likely to require--

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 41002. FEDERAL PERMITTING IMPROVEMENT STEERING COUNCIL.

    (a) * * *
    (b) Composition.--
          (1) Chair.--The Executive Director shall--
                  (A) be appointed by the President, by and 
                with the advice and consent of the Senate; and
                  (B) serve as Chair of the Council.
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
    (c) Duties.--
          (1) Executive director.--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) * * *
                  [(C) Performance schedules.--
                          [(i) In general.--Not later than 1 
                        year after December 4, 2015, the 
                        Executive Director, in consultation 
                        with the Council, shall develop 
                        recommended performance schedules, 
                        including intermediate and final 
                        completion dates, for environmental 
                        reviews and authorizations most 
                        commonly required for each category of 
                        covered projects described in 
                        subparagraph (A)(ii).
                          [(ii) Requirements.--
                                  [(I) In general.--The 
                                performance schedules shall 
                                reflect employment of the most 
                                sound and efficient applicable 
                                processes, including the 
                                alignment of Federal reviews of 
                                projects, reduction of 
                                permitting and project delivery 
                                time, and consideration of the 
                                best practices for public 
                                participation.
                                  [(II) Goal.--
                                          [(aa) In general.--To 
                                        the maximum extent 
                                        practicable, and 
                                        consistent with 
                                        applicable Federal law, 
                                        the Executive Director, 
                                        in consultation with 
                                        the Council, shall aim 
                                        to develop recommended 
                                        performance schedules 
                                        under clause (i) of not 
                                        more than 2 years.
                                          [(bb) Exception.--If 
                                        a recommended 
                                        performance schedule 
                                        developed under clause 
                                        (i) exceeds 2 years, 
                                        the relevant agencies, 
                                        in consultation with 
                                        the Executive Director 
                                        and the Council, shall 
                                        explain in that 
                                        recommended performance 
                                        schedule the factors 
                                        that cause the 
                                        environmental reviews 
                                        and authorizations in 
                                        that category of 
                                        covered projects to 
                                        take longer than 2 
                                        years.
                                  [(III) Limit.--
                                          [(aa) In general.--
                                        The final completion 
                                        dates in any 
                                        performance schedule 
                                        for the completion of 
                                        an environmental review 
                                        or authorization under 
                                        clause (i) shall not 
                                        exceed the average time 
                                        to complete an 
                                        environmental review or 
                                        authorization for a 
                                        project within that 
                                        category.
                                          [(bb) Calculation of 
                                        average time.--The 
                                        average time referred 
                                        to in item (aa) shall 
                                        be calculated based on 
                                        relevant historical 
                                        data, as determined by 
                                        the Executive Director, 
                                        and shall run from the 
                                        period beginning on the 
                                        date on which the 
                                        Executive Director must 
                                        make a specific entry 
                                        for the project on the 
                                        Dashboard under section 
                                        4370m-2(b)(2) of this 
                                        title (except that, for 
                                        projects initiated 
                                        before that duty takes 
                                        effect, the period 
                                        beginning on the date 
                                        of filing of a 
                                        completed application), 
                                        and ending on the date 
                                        of the issuance of a 
                                        record of decision or 
                                        other final agency 
                                        action on the review or 
                                        authorization.
                                          [(cc) Completion 
                                        date.--Each performance 
                                        schedule shall specify 
                                        that any decision by an 
                                        agency on an 
                                        environmental review or 
                                        authorization must be 
                                        issued not later than 
                                        180 days after the date 
                                        on which all 
                                        information needed to 
                                        complete the review or 
                                        authorization 
                                        (including any hearing 
                                        that an agency holds on 
                                        the matter) is in the 
                                        possession of the 
                                        agency.
                          [(iii) Review and revision.--Not 
                        later than 2 years after the date on 
                        which the performance schedules are 
                        established under this subparagraph, 
                        and not less frequently than once every 
                        2 years thereafter, the Executive 
                        Director, in consultation with the 
                        Council, shall review and revise the 
                        performance schedules.]
                  [(D)] (C) * * *
                  [(E)] (D) * * *
          (2) Council.--
                  (A) Recommendations.--
                          (i) In general.--The Council shall 
                        make recommendations to the Executive 
                        Director with respect to the 
                        designations under paragraph (1)(B) 
                        [and the performance schedules under 
                        paragraph (1)(C)].
                          (ii) * * *
                  (B) Best practices.--Not less frequently than 
                annually, the Council shall issue 
                recommendations on the best practices for 
                improving the Federal permitting process for 
                [covered projects] covered projects and other 
                projects in sectors described in subparagraph 
                (A) of section 41001(6), excluding projects 
                described in subparagraph (B) of that section, 
                which may include--

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 41003. PERMITTING PROCESS IMPROVEMENT.

    (a) Project Initiation and Designation of Participating 
Agencies.--
          (1) Notice.--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) * * *
                  (C) Contents.--Each notice described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall include--
                          (i) * * *
                          (ii) a statement of the total 
                        investment required to plan, design, 
                        and construct the proposed project;
                        [(ii)] (iii) * * *
                        [(iii)] (iv) * * *
                        [(iv)] (v) * * *
                        [(v)] (vi) * * *
                  (D) * * *
          (2) * * *
          (3) * * *
          (4) * * *
          (5) * * *
          (6) * * *
    (b) * * *
    (c) Coordination and Timetables.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Permitting timetable.--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) Factors for consideration.--In 
                establishing the permitting timetable under 
                subparagraph (A), the facilitating or lead 
                agency shall [follow the performance schedules 
                established under section 4370m-1(c)(1)(C) of 
                this title, but may vary the timetable based on 
                relevant factors] take into account relevant 
                factors, including--
                          (i) * * *
                          (ii) * * *
                          (iii) * * *
                          (iv) * * *
                          (v) * * *
                          (vi) * * *
                  (C) Dispute resolution.--
                          [(i) In general.--The Executive 
                        Director, in consultation with 
                        appropriate agency CERPOs and the 
                        project sponsor, shall, as necessary, 
                        mediate any disputes regarding the 
                        permitting timetable referred to under 
                        subparagraph (A).]
                          (i) In general.--The Executive 
                        Director, in consultation with 
                        appropriate agency officials and the 
                        project sponsor, shall, as necessary, 
                        mediate any disputes--
                                  (I) identified by the 
                                appropriate agency official for 
                                any affected agency relating to 
                                the content or timing of the 
                                permitting timetable 
                                established under subparagraph 
                                (A); or
                                  (II) identified by the 
                                project sponsor relating to an 
                                issue that could lead to the 
                                nonconformance with the 
                                permitting timetable 
                                established under that 
                                subparagraph.
                          (ii) Modified permitting timetable.--
                                  (I) In general.--As part of 
                                mediating a dispute relating to 
                                the content or timing of the 
                                permitting timetable 
                                established under subparagraph 
                                (A), the Executive Director 
                                may--
                                          (aa) require that the 
                                        appropriate agency 
                                        propose a new 
                                        permitting timetable, 
                                        or modifications to a 
                                        previously adopted 
                                        permitting timetable, 
                                        to resolve the dispute; 
                                        and
                                          (bb) recommend that 
                                        the affected agencies 
                                        adopt that new or 
                                        modified permitting 
                                        timetable.
                                  (II) Review and response.--
                                Each affected agency shall have 
                                10 business days to review and 
                                respond to the new or modified 
                                permitting timetable proposed 
                                under subclause (I)(aa) and if 
                                the agency determines that the 
                                agency is unable to adopt that 
                                new or modified timetable, that 
                                agency shall submit to the 
                                Executive Director, in writing, 
                                an explanation describing the 
                                reasons why the new or modified 
                                timetable is not feasible.
                                  (III) Reports.--Not less 
                                frequently than once per 
                                quarter, the Executive Director 
                                shall submit to the Committee 
                                on Homeland Security and 
                                Governmental Affairs of the 
                                Senate and the Committee on 
                                Oversight and Accountability of 
                                the House of Representatives a 
                                report on the number of 
                                permitting timetables that were 
                                modified under this clause 
                                during the period covered by 
                                the report.
                          [(ii)] (iii) * * *
                          [(iii)] (iv) Final resolution.--Any 
                        action taken by the Director of the 
                        Office of Management and Budget in the 
                        resolution of a dispute under [clause 
                        (ii)] clause (iii) shall--
                                  (I) be final and conclusive; 
                                and
                                  (II) not be subject to 
                                judicial review.
                  (D) Modification after approval.--
                          (i) In general.--The facilitating or 
                        lead agency, as applicable, may modify 
                        a permitting timetable established 
                        under subparagraph (A) only if--
                                  (I) * * *
                                  (II) the facilitating or lead 
                                agency, as applicable, and the 
                                affected cooperating agencies, 
                                after consultation with the 
                                participating agencies, the 
                                Executive Director, and the 
                                project sponsor, agree to a 
                                different completion date or 
                                alternative completion date;
                                  (III) * * *
                                  (IV) in the case of a 
                                modification that would 
                                necessitate an extension of a 
                                [final] completion date or 
                                alternative completion date 
                                that is the final action under 
                                a permitting timetable 
                                established under subparagraph 
                                (A) to a date more than 30 days 
                                after the [final] completion 
                                date originally established 
                                under subparagraph (A) or 
                                alternative completion date 
                                established under clause (v), 
                                the facilitating or lead agency 
                                submits a request to modify the 
                                permitting timetable to the 
                                Executive Director, who shall 
                                consult with the project 
                                sponsor and make a 
                                determination on the record, 
                                based on consideration of the 
                                relevant factors described 
                                under subparagraph (B), whether 
                                to grant the facilitating or 
                                lead agency, as applicable, 
                                authority to make such 
                                modification.
                          (ii) Completion date.--A completion 
                        date or alternative completion date 
                        established under clause (v), as 
                        applicable in the permitting timetable 
                        may not be modified within 30 days of 
                        the completion date or alternative 
                        completion date, as applicable.
                          (iii) * * *
                          (iv) * * *
                          (v) Alternative completion date.--
                                  (I) In general.--If a Federal 
                                agency has missed or will miss 
                                an intermediate or final 
                                completion date originally 
                                established under subparagraph 
                                (A) for agency action on a 
                                covered project and fails to 
                                comply with the process for 
                                modification of a permitting 
                                timetable under clause (i), not 
                                later than 15 days after that 
                                intermediate or final 
                                completion date, the agency, in 
                                consultation with the 
                                facilitating or lead agency, as 
                                applicable, any relevant 
                                cooperating and participating 
                                agencies, and the project 
                                sponsor, shall submit to the 
                                Executive Director an 
                                alternative completion date for 
                                publication on the Dashboard.
                                  (II) Treatment.--An 
                                alternative completion date 
                                submitted under subclause (I) 
                                shall be subject to the same 
                                requirements for modification 
                                as other intermediate and final 
                                completion dates in the 
                                permitting timetable originally 
                                established under subparagraph 
                                (A).
                  (E) * * *
                  (F) [Conforming to] Compliance with 
                permitting timetables.--
                          (i) In general.--Each Federal agency 
                        shall [conform to] comply with the 
                        intermediate and final completion dates 
                        set forth in the permitting timetable 
                        established under subparagraph (A), or 
                        with any intermediate or final 
                        completion date modified under 
                        subparagraph (D).
                          [(ii) Failure to conform.--If a 
                        Federal agency fails to conform with an 
                        intermediate or final completion date 
                        for agency action on a covered project 
                        or reasonably believes the agency will 
                        fail to conform with a completion date 
                        30 days before such a completion date, 
                        the agency shall--
                                  [(I) promptly submit to the 
                                Executive Director for 
                                publication on the Dashboard an 
                                explanation of the specific 
                                reasons for failing or 
                                reasonably believing the agency 
                                will fail to conform to the 
                                completion date and a proposal 
                                for an alternative completion 
                                date;
                                  [(II) in consultation with 
                                the facilitating or lead 
                                agency, as applicable, 
                                establish an alternative 
                                completion date; and
                                  [(III) each month thereafter 
                                until the agency has taken 
                                final action on the delayed 
                                authorization or review, submit 
                                to the Executive Director for 
                                posting on the Dashboard a 
                                status report describing any 
                                agency activity related to the 
                                project.]
                          (ii) Failure to comply.--
                                  (I) In general.--If a Federal 
                                agency fails to comply with an 
                                intermediate or final 
                                completion date for the agency 
                                action on a covered project, 
                                not later than 10 business days 
                                after the date on which the 
                                intermediate or final 
                                completion date has been or 
                                will be missed, the agency 
                                shall submit to the Executive 
                                Director for publication on the 
                                Dashboard an explanation of--
                                          (aa) the specific 
                                        reasons for failing to 
                                        comply with the 
                                        completion date; and
                                          (bb) actions the 
                                        agency will carry out 
                                        to avoid additional 
                                        delays, including 
                                        actions to comply with 
                                        the alternative 
                                        completion date 
                                        established under 
                                        subparagraph (D)(v).
                                  (II) Status report.--If a 
                                Federal agency fails to comply 
                                with requirements to establish 
                                a permitting timetable or the 
                                requirement to establish an 
                                alternative completion date 
                                under subparagraph (D)(v), each 
                                month until the month in which 
                                the Federal agency has 
                                established the permitting 
                                timetable or alternative 
                                completion date under that 
                                subparagraph, the Federal 
                                agency shall submit to the 
                                Executive Director for posting 
                                on the Dashboard a status 
                                report describing agency 
                                activity related to the project 
                                and actions to support the 
                                establishment of a permitting 
                                timetable or alternative 
                                completion date under that 
                                subparagraph.
                  (G) Posting and reporting agency 
                noncompliance with permitting timetable 
                modification and noncompliance procedures.--
                          (i) In general.--Agency noncompliance 
                        with the permitting timetable 
                        modification procedures under 
                        subparagraph (D) or the compliance 
                        requirements under subparagraph (F) 
                        constitutes noncompliance with this 
                        title.
                          (ii) Indication of noncompliance.--
                        The Executive Director shall post on 
                        the Dashboard, consistent with the 
                        requirements of subsection (b)(4)(B), 
                        all instances of agency noncompliance 
                        with permitting timetables described 
                        under subparagraphs (D) and (F).
                          (iii) Quarterly report.--
                                  (I) In general.--The 
                                Executive Director shall 
                                include in the quarterly agency 
                                performance report submitted to 
                                Congress pursuant to section 
                                41008(a)(2) all new and ongoing 
                                instances of agency 
                                noncompliance with 
                                subparagraphs (D) and (F).
                                  (II) Inclusion of project 
                                sponsor comments.--The 
                                Executive Director shall offer 
                                the cooperating agencies and 
                                project sponsor of a covered 
                                project that is in 
                                noncompliance with subparagraph 
                                (D) or (F) the opportunity to 
                                provide for inclusion in the 
                                quarterly agency performance 
                                report submitted to Congress 
                                pursuant to section 41008(a)(2) 
                                the views of the cooperating 
                                agencies and project sponsor 
                                with respect to--
                                          (aa) the cause of 
                                        delay and agency 
                                        noncompliance; and
                                          (bb) ways to avoid 
                                        those delays and 
                                        noncompliance in the 
                                        future.
                  [(G)] (H) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 41008. [REPORTS.] REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

    [(a) Reports to Congress] (a) Executive Director Annual 
Report.--
          [(1) Executive Director annual report]
                  [(A) In general.--Not later than] (1) In 
                general.--Not later than April 15 of each year 
                for 10 years beginning on [November 15, 2021] 
                the date of enactment of the Permitting Council 
                Improvement Act of 2024, the Executive Director 
                shall submit to Congress a report detailing the 
                progress accomplished under this subchapter 
                during the previous [fiscal year] fiscal year, 
                which shall include--
                          (i) a summary of permitting timetable 
                        trends for sectors described in section 
                        41001(6)(A), including--
                                  (I) a description of 
                                contributing factors that 
                                affect project timelines; and
                                  (II) recommendations on what 
                                the duration of project 
                                timelines should be;
                          (ii)(I) descriptions of activities 
                        carried out by the Council in 
                        furtherance of its role as a Federal 
                        center for permitting excellence; and
                                  (II) an analysis of how those 
                                activities have affected 
                                Federal permitting processes 
                                and authorizations;
                          (iii) a description of each transfer 
                        made under section 41009(c)(3)(A), 
                        including the amount of funds 
                        transferred and to whom the funds were 
                        transferred; and
                          (iv) any other information the 
                        Executive Director determines relevant 
                        to report on implementation of this 
                        title.
                  [(B)] (2) Opportunity to include comments.--
                Each councilmember, with input from the 
                respective agency CERPO, shall have the 
                opportunity to include comments concerning the 
                performance of the agency in the report 
                described in [subparagraph (A)] paragraph (1).
          [(2)] (b) * * *
          [(3)] (c) * * *
    [(b) Comptroller General Report.--Not later than 3 years 
after December 4, 2015, the Comptroller General of the United 
States shall submit to Congress a report that describes--
          [(1) agency progress in making improvements 
        consistent with the best practices issued under section 
        4370m-1(c)(2)(B) of this title; and
          [(2) agency compliance with the performance schedules 
        established under section 4370m-1(c)(1)(C) of this 
        title.]

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 41009. FUNDING FOR GOVERNANCE, OVERSIGHT, AND PROCESSING OF 
           ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS AND PERMITS.

    (a) In General.--For the purpose of carrying out this 
subchapter, the Executive Director, in consultation with the 
heads of the agencies listed in section 4370m-1(b)(2)(B) of 
this title and with the guidance of the Director of the Office 
of Management and Budget, may, after public notice and 
opportunity for comment, issue regulations establishing a fee 
structure for sponsors of covered [projects to reimburse the 
United States for reasonable costs incurred in conducting 
environmental reviews and authorizations for covered projects] 
projects.
    [(b) Reasonable Costs.--As used in this section, the term 
``reasonable costs'' shall include costs to implement the 
requirements and authorities required under sections 4370m-1 
through 4370m-7 of this title, including the costs to agencies 
and the costs of operating the Council.]
    [(c) Fee Structure.--The fee structure established under 
subsection (a) shall--
          [(1) be developed in consultation with affected 
        project proponents, industries, and other stakeholders;
          [(2) exclude parties for which the fee would impose 
        an undue financial burden or is otherwise determined to 
        be inappropriate; and
          [(3) be established in a manner that ensures that the 
        aggregate amount of fees collected for a fiscal year is 
        estimated not to exceed 20 percent of the total 
        estimated costs for the fiscal year for the resources 
        allocated for the conduct of the environmental reviews 
        and authorizations covered by this subchapter, as 
        determined by the Director of the Office of Management 
        and Budget.]
    (b) Fee Structure.--The fee structure established under 
subsection (a) shall--
          (1) enable the Executive Director to assess 
        appropriate fees for each covered project based on 
        relevant factors, including--
                  (A) the total investment required for the 
                covered project stated by the project sponsor 
                in the notice of the initiation of a proposed 
                covered project pursuant to section 
                41003(a)(1);
                  (B) the anticipated complexity of the 
                environmental review and authorization process 
                for the covered project; and
                  (C) the resources available to each 
                participating agency to conduct environmental 
                reviews and issue authorizations for the 
                covered project;
          (2) be developed in consultation with affected 
        project proponents, industries, and other stakeholders;
          (3) not exceed 1 percent of the total investment 
        required for the covered project stated by the project 
        sponsor in the notice of the initiation of a proposed 
        covered project pursuant to section 41003(a)(1);
          (4) exclude parties for which the fee would impose an 
        undue financial burden or is otherwise determined to be 
        inappropriate; and
          (5) support the timely completion of environmental 
        reviews and authorizations for covered projects, 
        including through the authority of the Executive 
        Director to rescind amounts transferred from the Fund 
        to a lead agency, cooperating agency, or participating 
        agency that is not meeting timelines for the completion 
        of environmental reviews and authorizations for a 
        covered project.
    [(d)] (c) Environmental Review Improvement Fund.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Availability.--Amounts in the Fund shall be 
        available to the Executive Director, without fiscal 
        year limitation, solely for the purposes of 
        administering, implementing, and enforcing this 
        subchapter, including the expenses of the Council, 
        appointing and fixing the compensation of such 
        employees as the Executive Director considers necessary 
        to carry out the roles and responsibilities of the 
        Executive Director, and support of the role of the 
        Council as a Federal center for permitting excellence, 
        which may include supporting interagency detailee and 
        rotation opportunities, advanced training, enhanced 
        support for agency project managers making investments 
        to improve Federal environmental reviews and 
        authorizations and supporting infrastructure permitting 
        processes, and fora for sharing information and lessons 
        learned.
          [(3) Transfer.--For the purpose of carrying out this 
        subchapter, the Executive Director, with the approval 
        of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, 
        may transfer amounts in the Fund to other Federal 
        agencies and State, Tribal, and local governments to 
        facilitate timely and efficient environmental reviews 
        and authorizations for covered projects and other 
        projects under this subchapter, including direct 
        reimbursement agreements with agency CERPOs, 
        reimbursable agreements, and approval and consultation 
        processes and staff for covered projects.]
          (3) Transfer.--
                  (A) In general.--For the purpose of carrying 
                out this title, and subject to subparagraph 
                (B), the Executive Director, in coordination 
                with the Director of the Office of Management 
                and Budget, may transfer amounts in the Fund to 
                other Federal agencies, State and local 
                governments, territorial governments, Indian 
                Tribes (as defined in section 4 of the Indian 
                Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 
                (25 U.S.C. 5304)), Alaska Native Corporations, 
                and Native Hawaiian organizations (as defined 
                in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary 
                Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517)) 
                (including the Department of Hawaiian Home 
                Lands and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs) to 
                facilitate timely and efficient environmental 
                reviews and authorizations, including for 
                activities to facilitate meaningful 
                governmental and public engagement, for covered 
                projects and other projects in sectors 
                described in section 41001(6)(A), and for 
                activities described in paragraph (2), which 
                may include direct reimbursement agreements 
                with agency CERPOs, reimbursable agreements, 
                and approval and consultation processes and 
                staff for covered projects and other projects 
                in sectors described in section 41001(6)(A).
                  (B) Approval of certain transfers.--Any 
                transfer made under subparagraph (A) in an 
                amount of more than $2,000,000 shall be 
                approved by the Office of Management and 
                Budget.
          (4) Authorization of appropriations.--
                  (A) In general.--In addition to amounts 
                deposited in the Fund under paragraph (1), and 
                subject to subparagraph (B), there is 
                authorized to be appropriated for deposit in 
                the Fund $9,002,000 for each of fiscal years 
                2025 through 2031.
                  (B) Adjustments for inflation.--The amount 
                authorized to be appropriated for each of 
                fiscal years 2026 through 2031 under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be adjusted for 
                inflation.
    [(e)] (d) Effect on Permitting.--The regulations adopted 
pursuant to subsection (a) shall ensure that the use of funds 
accepted under [subsection (d)] subsection (c) will not impact 
impartial decision-making with respect to environmental reviews 
or authorizations, either substantively or procedurally.
    [(f)] (e)

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


                                  [all]