[House Report 118-935]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


118th Congress    }                                     {       Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 2d Session       }                                     {      118-935

======================================================================



 
            HOUSEHOLD GOODS SHIPPING CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT

                                _______
                                

 December 19, 2024.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on 
            the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

   Mr. Graves of Missouri, from the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 8505]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, to whom 
was referred the bill (H.R. 8505) to amend title 49, United 
States Code, to expand the authority of the Administrator of 
the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to assess 
penalties for violations of laws and regulations relating to 
the shipping of household goods, and for other purposes, having 
considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments 
and recommends that the bill as amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Purpose of Legislation...........................................    04
Background and Need for Legislation..............................    04
Hearings.........................................................    05
Legislative History and Consideration............................    05
Committee Votes..................................................    05
Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations.................    06
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures........................    06
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................    06
Performance Goals and Objectives.................................    13
Duplication of Federal Programs..................................    13
Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff 
  Benefits.......................................................    13
Federal Mandates Statement.......................................    13
Preemption Clarification.........................................    13
Advisory Committee Statement.....................................    13
Applicability to Legislative Branch..............................    13
Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation...................    14
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............    15

    The amendments are as follows:
  Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the ``Household Goods Shipping Consumer 
Protection Act''.

SEC. 2. ADMINISTRATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF 
                    COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS.

  (a) Enforcement by Secretary.--Section 14914 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
          (1) by redesignating subsections (b), (c), and (d) as 
        subsections (c), (d), and (e), respectively;
          (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
  ``(b) Enforcement by Secretary.--If, after notice and an opportunity 
for a hearing, the Secretary finds that a person violated a provision 
of part B of subtitle IV of this title, or a regulation or order issued 
pursuant to such part, the Secretary shall assess a civil penalty by 
written notice.'';
          (3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by paragraph (1), by 
        inserting ``or the Secretary'' after ``Board''; and
          (4) in subsection (d), as redesignated by paragraph (1), by 
        inserting ``or the Secretary'' after ``Board''.
  (b) Application.--Section 501(b) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
          (1) by inserting ``5,'' after ``20303 and chapters''; and
          (2) by inserting ``311, 313,'' after ``chapters),''.

SEC. 3. STATE USE OF GRANT FUNDS FOR COMMERCIAL ENFORCEMENT AND 
                    CONSUMER PROTECTION.

  Section 31102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
          (1) in subsection (h)--
                  (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                  (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                  (C) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(3) for the enforcement of Federal household goods statutes 
        and regulations for the interstate transportation of household 
        goods by household goods motor carriers and brokers, and for 
        the intrastate transportation of household goods by household 
        goods motor carriers if the State has adopted laws or 
        regulations that are compatible with Federal household goods 
        regulations.'';
          (2) in subsection (l)(2)--
                  (A) in subparagraph (I), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                  (B) by redesignating subparagraph (J) as subparagraph 
                (K); and
                  (C) by inserting after subparagraph (I) the 
                following:
                  ``(J) enforce Federal household goods statutes and 
                regulations for the interstate transportation of 
                household goods by household goods motor carriers and 
                brokers, and for the intrastate transportation of 
                household goods by household goods motor carriers if 
                the State has adopted laws or regulations that are 
                compatible with Federal household goods regulations; 
                and''; and
          (3) by adding at the end the following:
  ``(m) State Discretion.--The activities described in subsections 
(h)(3) and (l)(2)(J) are--
          ``(1) optional at the discretion of a State; and
          ``(2) not a condition on funds received under this 
        section.''.

SEC. 4. STATE RETENTION OF PENALTIES AND FINES.

  Section 14711 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
  ``(g) Penalties.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any 
fine or penalty imposed on a carrier or broker in a proceeding under 
this section shall be paid to, and retained by, the State that imposed 
such fine or penalty.''.

SEC. 5. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS.

  (a) Definitions.--Section 13102 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
          ``(28) Principal place of business.--The term `principal 
        place of business' means a single physical business location of 
        a specified entity where--
                  ``(A) management officials of such specified entity 
                report to work;
                  ``(B) such specified entity conducts a significant 
                portion of its business relating to the transportation 
                of persons or property; and
                  ``(C) such specified entity maintains records 
                required by part B of subtitle IV or part B of subtitle 
                VI.
          ``(29) Specified entity.--The term `specified entity' means--
                  ``(A) an employer, as such term is defined in section 
                31132;
                  ``(B) a person;
                  ``(C) a motor carrier, including a foreign motor 
                carrier or foreign motor private carrier;
                  ``(D) a broker; or
                  ``(E) a freight forwarder.''.
  (b) Motor Carrier Generally.--Section 13902(a)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
          (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
          (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
          (3) by adding at the end the following:
                  ``(E) has designated a principal place of 
                business.''.
  (c) Registration of Freight Forwarders.--Section 13903(a) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended--
          (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the end;
          (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon; and
          (3) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(3) has designated a principal place of business; and
          ``(4) has disclosed any relationship involving common 
        ownership, common management, common control, or common 
        familial relationship between such person and any other motor 
        carrier, freight forwarder, broker, or any other applicant for 
        motor carrier, freight forwarder, or broker registration, if 
        the relationship occurred in the 3-year period preceding the 
        date of the filing of the application for registration.''.
  (d) Registration of Brokers.--Section 13904(a) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
          (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
          (2) in paragraph (2) by striking the period and inserting a 
        semicolon; and
          (3) by inserting at the end the following:
          ``(3) has designated a principal place of business; and
          ``(4) has disclosed any relationship involving common 
        ownership, common management, common control, or common 
        familial relationship between such person and any other motor 
        carrier, freight forwarder, or broker, or any other applicant 
        for motor carrier, freight forwarder, or broker registration, 
        if the relationship occurred in the 3-year period preceding the 
        date of the filing of the application for registration.''.
  (e) Complaints and Actions on Secretary Initiatives.--Section 
13905(d)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
          (1) in subparagraph (C)(iii), by striking ``or'' at the end;
          (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; or''; and
          (3) by adding at the end the following:
                  ``(E) withhold, suspend, amend, or revoke any part of 
                a registration of a motor carrier, foreign motor 
                carrier, foreign motor private carrier, broker, or 
                freight forwarder if the Secretary finds that the motor 
                carrier, foreign motor carrier, foreign motor private 
                carrier, broker, or freight forwarder failed to 
                designate a valid principal place of business.''.
  (f) Requirement for Registration and USDOT Number.--Section 31134 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
          (1) in subsection (b)--
                  (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'' at the end;
                  (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; or''; and
                  (C) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(4) the employer or person seeking registration has 
        designated a principal place of business, as defined in section 
        13102.''; and
          (2) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ``subsection (b)(1)'' 
        and inserting ``subsection (b)''.

    Amend the title so as to read:
    A bill amend title 49, United States Code, to clarify the 
authority of the Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier 
Safety Administration relating to the shipping of household 
goods, and for other purposes.

                         Purpose of Legislation

    The purpose of H.R. 8505, as amended, is to amend title 49, 
United States Code, to expand the authority of the 
Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 
Administration to assess penalties for violations of laws and 
regulations relating to the shipping of household goods, and 
for other purposes.

                  Background and Need for Legislation

    Combating fraud is imperative for the protection of 
brokers, motor carriers, shippers, consumers, and the integrity 
of the economic system. Fraudulent activities cost the trucking 
industry over $800 million annually, much of which ends up 
being borne by the consumer.\1\ However, in 2019, an 
Administrative Law Judge ruled that the Federal Motor Carrier 
Safety Administration (FMCSA) did not have the statutory 
authority to administratively adjudicate and assess civil 
penalties for violations of Subtitle IV, Part B of title 49, 
United States Code, and that the FMCSA must seek an 
adjudication of civil penalties for such violations in the 
United States District Court, meaning that cases must be 
referred to the Department of Justice (DOJ).\2\ In a July 2024 
report to Congress, the FMCSA states that, ``[w]ithout 
statutory authority to assess civil penalties administratively 
for violations of FMCSA's commercial regulations, FMCSA's 
ability to effectively enforce these regulations is 
significantly limited.''\3\ It was further noted that ``the 
need to refer cases to DOJ complicates and hampers the ability 
of FMCSA to enforce the Agency's commercial regulations.''\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\Examining the Department of Transportation's Regulatory and 
Administrative Agenda: H. Comm. on Transp. and Infrastructure, 118th 
Cong. (July 24, 2024) (Testimony of Mr. William ``Lewie'' Pugh, 
Executive Vice President, Owner-Operator Independent Drivers 
Association (OOIDA)) available at https://transportation.house.gov/
uploadedfiles/07-24-2024_ht_hearing_-_william_lewie_pugh_-
_testimony.pdf.
    \2\Darlene Riojas et al., Docket No. FMCSA-2012-0174 (Nov. 7, 
2013).
    \3\U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Unlawful 
Brokerage Activities Report to Congress, (July 2024), available at 
https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/sites/fmcsa.dot.gov/files/2024-07/
Unlawful%20Brokerage%20Activities%20Report%20to%20Congress%20Final%20Jul
y %202024.pdf.
    \4\Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In 2022, FMCSA noted that compromised motor carrier 
identities and fraudulent lease agreements allow sham and poor 
performing motor carriers to operate, defrauding both 
commercial motor carriers and independent owner operators who 
believed they have engaged in leases with a specific motor 
carrier. This puts commercial motor vehicle operators at risk 
of driving without proper insurance, authority, and 
registration requirements, and may lead to invalidate safety 
data collection practices.\5\ By restoring FMCSA's enforcement 
tools for commercial regulations, H.R. 8505 can help improve 
the overall safety of the transportation system. This 
legislation clarifies the authority of the FMCSA Administrator 
relating to the shipping of household goods and the enforcement 
tools for ensuring compliance with Federal commercial 
regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Safety 
Advisory: Fraud, U.S. Based Motor Carriers Identity Theft, Fraudulent 
Lease Agreements, Stolen Carrier Identity through Issuance of Temporary 
Registrations, and Fraudulent Certificates of Insurance, available at 
https://www.cvsa.org/wp-content/uploads/FMCSA-Safety-Advisory-Fraud-
Identity-Theft-Alert.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                Hearings

    For the purposes of rule XIII, clause 3(c)(6)(A) of the 
118th Congress, the following hearings were used to develop or 
consider H.R. 8505:
    On Tuesday, May 10, 2023, the Subcommittee on Highways and 
Transit held a hearing entitled, ``Freight Forward: Overcoming 
Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America.'' At the 
hearing Members received testimony from Mr. William ``Lewie'' 
Pugh on behalf of the Owner-Operator Independent Drivers 
Association (OOIDA); Ms. Anne Reinke on behalf of the 
Transportation Intermediaries Association (TIA); Mr. David 
Fialkov on behalf of the America's Travel Plazas and Truck 
Stops (NATSO) and SIGMA: America's Leading Fuel Marketers 
(SIGMA); and Mr. Cole Scandaglia on behalf of the International 
Brotherhood of Teamsters. This hearing allowed Members to hear 
stakeholders' perspectives on the issues and challenges 
associated with the nation's supply chain and fraud.

                 Legislative History and Consideration

    H.R. 8505, the Household Goods Shipping Consumer Protection 
Act, was introduced in the United States House of 
Representatives on May 22, 2024, by Ms. Norton of the District 
of Columbia, with Mr. Ezell of Mississippi as an original 
cosponsor, and referred to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure. Within the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure, H.R. 8505 was referred to the Subcommittee on 
Highways and Transit. The Subcommittee on Highways and Transit 
was discharged from further consideration of H.R. 8505 on 
September 18, 2024.
    The Committee considered H.R. 8505 on September 18, 2024, 
and ordered the measure to be reported to the House with a 
favorable recommendation, with amendment, by a recorded vote of 
62 yeas and 2 nays.
    The following amendments were offered:
          An Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 
        8505 offered by Ms. Norton of the District of Columbia 
        (225) was AGREED TO by voice vote.

                            Committee Votes

    Clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives requires each committee report to include the 
total number of votes cast for and against on each record vote 
on a motion to report and on any amendment offered to the 
measure or matter, and the names of those members voting for 
and against.
    The following recorded vote was requested:
    Vote: 053.
    On: Final Passage: H.R. 8505, as amended.
    Yea 62; Nay 2.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Member                           Vote                    Member                    Vote
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Graves of MO................................          Yea   Mr. Larsen of WA..................          Yea
Mr. Crawford....................................          Yea   Ms. Norton .......................          Yea
Mr. Webster of FL...............................          Yea   Mrs. Napolitano...................          Yea
Mr. Massie......................................          Nay   Mr. Cohen.........................          Yea
Mr. Perry.......................................          Nay   Mr. Garamendi.....................          Yea
Mr. Babin.......................................          Yea   Mr. Johnson of GA.................          Yea
Mr. Graves of LA................................          Yea   Mr. Carson........................          Yea
Mr. Rouzer......................................          Yea   Ms. Titus.........................          Yea
Mr. Bost........................................          Yea   Mr. Huffman.......................          Yea
Mr. LaMalfa.....................................          Yea   Ms. Brownley......................          Yea
Mr. Westerman...................................          Yea   Ms. Wilson of FL..................          Yea
Mr. Mast........................................          Yea   Mr. Payne.........................          Yea
Mrs. Gonzalez-Colon.............................          Yea   Mr. DeSaulnier....................          Yea
Mr. Stauber.....................................          Yea   Mr. Carbajal......................          Yea
Mr. Burchett....................................          Yea   Mr. Stanton.......................          Yea
Mr. Johnson of SD...............................          Yea   Mr. Allred........................          Yea
Mr. Van Drew....................................          Yea   Ms. Davids of KS..................          Yea
Mr. Nehls.......................................          Yea   Mr. Garcia of IL..................          Yea
Mr. Gooden of TX................................          Yea   Mr. Pappas........................          Yea
Mr. Mann........................................          Yea   Mr. Moulton.......................          Yea
Mr. Owens.......................................          Yea   Mr. Auchincloss...................          Yea
Mr. Yakym.......................................          Yea   Ms. Strickland....................          Yea
Mrs. Chavez-DeRemer.............................          Yea   Mr. Carter of LA..................          Yea
Mr. Edwards.....................................          Yea   Mr. Ryan..........................          Yea
Mr. Kean of NJ..................................          Yea   Mrs. Peltola......................          Yea
Mr. D'Esposito..................................  ............  Mr. Menendez......................          Yea
Mr. Burlison....................................          Yea   Ms. Hoyle of OR...................          Yea
Mr. James.......................................          Yea   Mrs. Sykes........................          Yea
Mr. Van Orden...................................          Yea   Ms. Scholten......................          Yea
Mr. Williams of NY..............................          Yea   Mrs. Foushee......................          Yea
Mr. Molinaro....................................          Yea   Mr. Collins.......................          Yea
Mr. Ezell.......................................          Yea   Mr. Duarte........................          Yea
Mr. Bean of FL..................................          Yea
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations

    With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(1) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the 
Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are 
reflected in this report.

               New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures

    Clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives does not apply where a cost estimate and 
comparison prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget 
Office under section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974 has been timely submitted prior to the filing of the 
report and is included in the report. Such a cost estimate is 
included in this report.

               Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

    With respect to the requirement of clause 3(c)(3) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 
402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee has 
received the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 8505 from the 
Director of the Congressional Budget Office:
    The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 requires the 
Congressional Budget Office, to the extent practicable, to 
prepare estimates of the budgetary effects of legislation 
ordered reported by Congressional authorizing committees. In 
order to provide the Congress with as much information as 
possible, the attached table summarizes information about the 
estimated direct spending and revenue effects of some of the 
legislation that has been ordered reported by the House 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure during the 118th 
Congress. The legislation listed in this table generally would 
have small effects, if any, on direct spending or revenues, CBO 
estimates. Where possible, the table also provides information 
about the legislation's estimated effects on spending subject 
to appropriation and on intergovernmental and private-sector 
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

                                                                      ESTIMATED BUDGETARY EFFECTS AND MANDATES INFORMATION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                          Spending     Pay-as-you-
                                                                                 Budget        Direct      Revenues,     subject to         go         Budgetary
         Bill number               Title            Status       Last action    function      spending,    2025-2034   appropriation,   procedures   effects after    Mandates       Contact
                                                                                              2025-2034                  2025-2029        apply?         2034
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H.R. 1586...................  Forest           Ordered             11/15/23           300             0           0   Not estimated..          No              No          Yes   Lilia Ledezma
                               Protection and   reported.
                               Wildland
                               Firefighter
                               Safety Act of
                               2023.
                              H.R. 1586 would authorize federal, state, local, and tribal firefighting agencies to use approved fire retardants to prevent and suppress wildfires without first
                               obtaining a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit. The bill also would prohibit state courts from issuing injunctions against state or tribal
                               entities' dispersal of aerial fire retardants as part of wildfire suppression or control. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 1586 would not affect direct spending
                               or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill would impose an intergovernmental mandate as defined in the
                               Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) that would not exceed the annual threshold established in UMRA ($100 million in 2024, adjusted annually for inflation). The
                               bill contains no private-sector mandates as defined in UMRA.
H.R. 1720...................  Ocean Pollution  Ordered             09/18/24           300             0           0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Aurora Swanson
                               Reduction Act    reported.
                               II.
                              H.R. 1720 would allow the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant in San Diego, California, to discharge water without applying for an exemption from the secondary
                               treatment standards of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System if plant meets certain conditions specified in the bill. CBO estimates that enacting
                               H.R. 1720 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no
                               intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 2892...................  WARN Act.......  Ordered             09/18/24           800             0           0   Between zero             No              No           No   Matthew
                                                reported.                                                              and $500,000.                                              Pickford
                              H.R. 2892 would require the Government Accountability Office within 18 months of enactment to study and report on the effectiveness of the nation's weather
                               emergency alert systems. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 2892 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would
                               increase spending subject to appropriation by less than $500,000 over the 2025-2029 period. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as
                               defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 3149...................  A bill to        Ordered             09/18/24           400             0           0   Between zero             No              No           No   Kelly Durand
                               designate        reported.                                                              and $500,000.
                               United States
                               Route 20 in
                               the States of
                               Oregon, Idaho,
                               Montana,
                               Wyoming,
                               Nebraska,
                               Iowa,
                               Illinois,
                               Indiana, Ohio,
                               Pennsylvania,
                               New York, and
                               Massachusetts
                               as the
                               ``National
                               Medal of Honor
                               Highway,'' and
                               for other
                               purposes.
                              H.R. 3149 would designate U.S. Route 20 as the National Medal of Honor Highway. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 3149 would not affect direct spending or
                               revenues. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would increase spending subject to appropriation by less than $500,000 over the 2025-2029 period. The bill
                               contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 3988...................  ARTICLE ONE Act  Ordered             09/18/24           800     Between -           0   Not estimated..         Yes              No           No   Kelly Durand
                                                reported.                                   $500,000 and
                                                                                                   zero
                              H.R. 3988 would amend the National Emergencies Act to limit to 30 days the duration of any national emergency declared by the President unless the Congress
                               subsequently approves or extends the declaration. The bill also would require the President to report to the Congress periodically on the need for and status of
                               declared emergencies. CBO cannot predict the number or timing of future declarations but expects that most would be approved by the Congress. Under H.R. 3988
                               emergency declarations could have a shorter duration than under current law. If that happens direct spending related to such emergencies would decline; CBO
                               estimates any reduction in direct spending would be insignificant. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would not affect revenues. CBO has not estimated the
                               bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform
                               Act.
H.R. 4043...................  H.R. 4043, a     Ordered             09/18/24           300             0           0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Aurora Swanson
                               bill to amend    reported.
                               the Save Our
                               Seas 2.0 Act
                               to expand
                               eligibility
                               for certain
                               wastewater
                               infrastructure
                               grants, and
                               for other
                               purposes.
                              H.R. 4043 would expand eligibility for certain wastewater infrastructure grants administered by the Environmental Protection Agency. CBO estimates that enacting
                               H.R. 4043 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no
                               intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 6241...................  FULL Act.......  Ordered             11/15/23           800   Between zero          0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Matthew
                                                reported.                                   and $500,000                                                                          Pickford
                              H.R. 6241 would require federal agencies that have lease agreements with the General Services Administration (GSA) to annually report to GSA on their monthly use
                               and occupancy rates. Under the bill, agencies would be required to return space to GSA if occupancy falls below 60 percent for six months over any one-year
                               period. Enacting H.R. 6241 could increase direct spending by some agencies that are allowed to use fees, receipts from the sale of goods, and other collections
                               to cover operating costs. CBO estimates that any net changes in direct spending by those agencies would be negligible because most of them can adjust amounts
                               collected to reflect changes in operating costs. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 6241 would have no effect on revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects
                               on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 6984...................  A bill to        Ordered             09/18/24           800             0           0   Between zero             No              No           No   Matthew
                               designate the    reported.                                                              and $500,000.                                              Pickford
                               Federal
                               building
                               located at 300
                               E. 3rd Street
                               in North
                               Platte,
                               Nebraska, as
                               the ``Virginia
                               Smith Federal
                               Building,''
                               and for other
                               purposes.
                              H.R. 6984 would designate the federal building located at 300 E. 3rd Street in North Platte, Nebraska, as the Virginia Smith Federal Building. CBO estimates that
                               enacting H.R. 6984 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would increase spending subject to appropriation by
                               less than $500,000 over the 2025-2029 period. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 7671...................  Disaster         Ordered             09/25/24           450             0           0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Jon Sperl
                               Management       reported.
                               Costs
                               Modernization
                               Act.
                              H.R. 7671 would allow state and local governments that receive disaster assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency to repurpose unused funds that
                               originally were allocated for management costs. State and local governments could use the funds to increase their administrative capacity to prepare for, recover
                               from, or mitigate the effects of disasters. Under current law, unused funds are returned to the Disaster Relief Fund. Under the bill, those governments could
                               retain unused funds for up to five years for disasters that are declared on or after the bill's enactment date. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 7671 would not
                               affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or
                               private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 7779...................  Good Samaritan   Ordered             09/18/24           300   Between zero          0   Not estimated..         Yes   Insignificant           No   Aurora Swanson
                               Remediation of   reported.                                   and $500,000
                               Abandoned
                               Hardrock Mines
                               Act of 2024.
                              H.R. 7779 would establish a Good Samaritan pilot program and authorize the Environmental Protection Agency to issue permits for projects to remediate mine residue
                               at abandoned hardrock mine sites. The bill would establish a remediation fund for federal agencies to administer projects carried out by Good Samaritans
                               (entities that are not current owners or operators of an abandoned site; had no role in the creation of the mine residue; and are not potentially liable under
                               any law for the remediation, treatment, or control of the mine residue). The spending would be funded by appropriations and by deposits from nonfederal sources,
                               such as donations, agreements for long-term operations and maintenance costs, and insurance proceeds if a Good Samaritan fails to complete a project. The bill
                               also would waive the applicability of all other laws with respect to the use of the fund, including the Antideficiency Act, which could allow amounts to be
                               obligated before expected deposits into the fund are received. However, CBO expects that spending of any such advance obligations would be constrained by amounts
                               ultimately deposited into the fund. On that basis, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 7779 would increase net direct spending by less than $500,000 over the 2025-
                               2034 period and have no effect on revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental
                               or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 8505...................  Household Goods  Ordered             09/18/24           400             0     Between   Not estimated..         Yes              No           No   Zunara Naeem
                               Shipping         reported.                                                  zero and
                               Consumer                                                                    $500,000
                               Protection Act.
                              H.R. 8505 would allow the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to assess penalties for entities that illegally ship household goods. The bill also would
                               allow states to enforce and collect fines on such entities. As a result, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8505 could increase revenues because those penalties
                               are recorded in the budget as revenues. Because the number of entities affected is likely to be small, CBO estimates that the increase in revenues would be less
                               than $500,000 over the 2025-2034 period. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would have no effect on direct spending. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects
                               on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 8530...................  Improving        Ordered             09/18/24           800   Between zero          0   Not estimated..         Yes              No           No   Matthew
                               Federal          reported.                                   and $500,000                                                                          Pickford
                               Building
                               Security Act
                               of 2024.
                              H.R. 8530 would require federal agencies to respond within 90 days to recommendations by the Federal Protective Service, within the Department of Homeland
                               Security (DHS), concerning building security. Agencies could adopt or reject those recommendations but would need to explain their rejections. The bill would
                               require DHS to track recommendations and responses and to report annually to the Congress concerning all recommendations. Enacting H.R. 8530 could increase
                               direct spending by some agencies that are allowed to use fees, receipts from the sale of goods, and other collections to cover operating costs. CBO estimates
                               that any net changes in direct spending by those agencies would be negligible because most of them can adjust amounts collected to reflect changes in operating
                               costs. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8530 would have no effect on revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The
                               bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 8692...................  The Amtrak       Ordered             09/18/24           400             0           0   0..............          No              No          Yes   Zunara Naeem
                               Transparency     reported.
                               and
                               Accountability
                               for Passengers
                               and Taxpayer
                               Act.
                              H.R. 8692 would require Amtrak to hold open meetings in accordance with current requirements for most federal agencies. Because Amtrak is considered a nonfederal
                               entity, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8692 would have no effect on the federal budget. The bill would impose a private-sector mandate as defined in the
                               Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) that would not exceed the annual threshold established in UMRA ($200 million in 2024, adjusted annually for inflation). The
                               bill contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined in UMRA.
H.R. 8995...................  Baby Changing    Ordered             09/18/24           400             0           0   0..............          No              No          Yes   Kelly Durand
                               on Board Act.    reported.
                              H.R. 8995 would require Amtrak trains purchased after the bill's enactment to include baby-changing tables in all train restrooms that are subject to the
                               requirements of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990. Because Amtrak is considered a nonfederal entity, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8995 would have
                               no effect on the federal budget. The bill would impose a private-sector mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) that would not exceed the
                               threshold established in UMRA ($200 million in 2024, adjusted annually for inflation). The bill contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined in UMRA.
H.R. 9024...................  Extreme Weather  Ordered             09/18/24           450             0           0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Jon Sperl
                               and Heat         reported.
                               Response
                               Modernization
                               Act.
                              H.R. 9024 would require the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to issue guidance for disaster relief programs concerning extreme-temperature events and to
                               consider innovative preparedness and mitigation projects for such disasters in its grantmaking. The bill also would require FEMA to convene an advisory panel to
                               review the definition of incident periods for extreme-temperature events and to issue regulations revising those periods. Finally, the bill would require FEMA to
                               study the effects of extreme-temperature disasters, develop guidance and best practices for responding to such events, and report to the Congress. CBO estimates
                               that enacting H.R. 9024 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill
                               contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 9313...................  Think            Ordered             09/18/24           800             0           0   Between zero             No              No           No   Matthew
                               Differently      reported.                                                              and $500,000.                                              Pickford
                               About Building
                               Accessibility
                               Act.
                              H.R. 9313 would direct the Government Accountability Office to report to the Congress concerning accessibility for people with disabilities in all office
                               buildings controlled by the General Services Administration. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9313 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO estimates
                               that implementing the bill would increase spending subject to appropriation by less than $500,000 over the 2025- 2029 period. The bill contains no
                               intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 9541...................  POWER Act of     Ordered             09/18/24           450             0           0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Jon Sperl
                               2024.            reported.
                              H.R. 9541 would authorize electric utilities that receive disaster assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency for emergency power restoration to
                               implement mitigation activities as part of power restoration. Those actions would not disqualify utilities from receiving mitigation assistance under the Public
                               Assistance Program. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9541 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending
                               subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 9591...................  A bill to        Ordered             09/18/24           800     Between -           0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Emma Uebelhor
                               require the      reported.                                   $500,000 and
                               Administrator                                                       zero
                               of General
                               Services to
                               sell certain
                               property
                               related to
                               United States
                               Penitentiary,
                               Leavenworth,
                               and for other
                               purposes.
                              H.R. 9591 would require the General Services Administration (GSA) to sell any property in the State of Missouri associated with the Federal Correctional
                               Institution, Leavenworth, which is located in Kansas. Net proceeds from the sale would be deposited into the Federal Buildings Fund and recorded in the budget as
                               offsetting receipts (that is, as reductions in direct spending). Using information from GSA, CBO estimates that the property could be sold for about $500,000;
                               therefore, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9591 would decrease direct spending by an insignificant amount. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would not affect
                               revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as
                               defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 9750...................  Natural          Ordered             09/25/24           450             0           0   Not estimated..          No              No           No   Jon Sperl
                               Disaster         reported.
                               Recovery
                               Program Act of
                               2024.
                              H.R. 9750 would create a Natural Disaster Recovery Fund, to be administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, from which the agency would make grants to
                               state and tribal governments to cover unmet needs following major disasters. Those governments would determine how funds are spent. The bill also would expand
                               the availability of disaster assistance for housing repairs and require several reports related to disaster recovery programs. CBO estimates that enacting H.R.
                               9750 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no
                               intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    Performance Goals and Objectives

    With respect to the requirement of clause 3(c)(4) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the 
performance goal and objective of this legislation is to 
require the Secretary of Transportation to implement a program 
to improve transportation management and the efficiency of 
Federal-aid highways by utilizing anonymized third-party data 
to relieve congestion.

                    Duplication of Federal Programs

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee finds that no provision 
of H.R. 8505, as amended, establishes or reauthorizes a program 
of the Federal government known to be duplicative of another 
Federal program, a program that was included in any report from 
the Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to 
section 21 of Public Law 111-139, or a program related to a 
program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal 
Domestic Assistance. H.R. 8505, as amended, allows for the 
Secretary of Transportation to take such actions as necessary 
to maximize the effective implementation of the Act, including 
by consolidating requirements under the Act within other 
activities of the Department of Transportation.

   Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff 
                                Benefits

    In compliance with clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, this bill, as reported, contains no 
congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff 
benefits as defined in clause 9(e), 9(f), or 9(g) of the rule 
XXI.

                       Federal Mandates Statement

    The Committee adopts as its own the estimate of Federal 
mandates prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget 
Office pursuant to section 423 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act (Public Law 104-4).

                        Preemption Clarification

    Section 423 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 
requires the report of any Committee on a bill or joint 
resolution to include a statement on the extent to which the 
bill or joint resolution is intended to preempt state, local, 
or tribal law. The Committee finds that H.R. 8505 does not 
preempt any state, local, or tribal law.

                      Advisory Committee Statement

    No advisory committees within the meaning of section 5(b) 
of the Federal Advisory Committee Act were created by this 
legislation.

                  Applicability to Legislative Branch

    The Committee finds that the legislation does not relate to 
the terms and conditions of employment or access to public 
services or accommodations within the meaning of section 
102(b)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 
104-1).

             Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation


Section 1. Short title

    This section provides that this bill may be cited as the 
``Household Goods Shipping Consumer Protection Act''.

Section 2. Administrative assessment of civil penalties for violations 
        of commercial regulations

    This section provides explicit authority for the Federal 
Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to adjudicate and 
assess civil penalties for violations of commercial statutes 
and regulations and would correct certain other references in 
49 U.S.C. chapter 5 to clarify that those penalty authorities 
include all of FMCSA's safety authorities.
    In 2019, a Department of Transportation Administrative Law 
Judge ruled that FMCSA lacks authority to assess civil 
penalties for violations of commercial regulations and 
registration requirements. Under current law, as interpreted by 
the Administrative Law Judge's decision and final agency order, 
FMCSA may not assess civil penalties for violations of 
commercial regulations administratively, even though the 
process is codified in regulation. This ruling has adversely 
impacted enforcement of many requirements, including household 
goods consumer protections and unauthorized brokerage because 
civil penalty assessment requires the Department of Justice to 
initiate an action in Federal court.

Section 3. State use of grant funds for commercial enforcement and 
        consumer protection

    This section permits states to use Motor Carrier Safety 
Assistance Program (MCSAP) funding and other grantees to use 
High Priority (HP) program funding to conduct commercial 
regulatory and consumer protection standard reviews and 
enforcement actions on household goods motor carriers, brokers, 
and freight forwarders. Currently FMCSA is not authorized to 
reimburse grantees for these activities that protect the 
American people from predatory practices and other violations 
of commercial regulations. This section includes a savings 
clause to ensure this is an optional use of funds at the 
discretion of the state and may not be made a condition of 
funding by FMCSA. This section ensures that Federal funding 
only reimburses enforcement activities that comply with Federal 
regulations.

Section 4. State retention of penalties and fines

    The section clarifies that states may retain the penalties 
and fines imposed in proceedings brought under 49 U.S.C. 
Sec. 14711 relating to violations of household goods statutes 
and regulations. FMCSA already enters into agreements with 
states allowing them to retain such funds. This provision 
provides explicit authority for the practice and prevents 
future Administrative Law Judge rulings limiting FMCSA's 
authority.

Section 5. Registration requirements

    This section provides explicit authority to FMCSA to 
withhold registration from any applicant who fails to provide a 
valid principal place of business at the time of registration. 
Fraudulent carriers, brokers, and freight forwarders register 
with addresses where no legitimate operations take place, often 
designating their official address as UPS stores, vacant 
parking lots, or business addresses unrelated to the registered 
entity. Currently FMCSA may only take enforcement action after 
the entity is already registered and refuses to cooperate with 
investigations at the designated address.
    FMCSA already requires motor carriers to designate a 
principal place of business. This section both codifies that 
requirement and extends the requirement to brokers and freight 
forwarders as well. This language clarifies that FMCSA has the 
upfront authority to verify principal place of business and, if 
needed, deny the registration. This enhances FMCSA's ability to 
take enforcement actions against bad actors by allowing them to 
prevent sham registrants from starting operations.
    This section also extends requirements that registrants 
disclose common ownership between any other registered 
entities. Motor carriers are already required to disclose this 
information and this section codifies the requirement for 
brokers and freight forwarders. Again, this section enables 
FMCSA to verify this information prior to completing the 
registration. If FMCSA detects a link between scammers then 
they would be able to block its operating authority or take 
other enforcement actions as needed to reduce sham 
registrations.

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

    In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (new matter is 
printed in italics and existing law in which no change is 
proposed is shown in roman):

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no 
change is proposed is shown in roman):

                      TITLE 49, UNITED STATES CODE



           *       *       *       *       *       *       *
SUBTITLE I--DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


CHAPTER 5--SPECIAL AUTHORITY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


                          SUBCHAPTER I--POWERS

Sec. 501. Definitions and application

  (a) In this chapter--
          (1) the definitions in sections 10102 and 13102 of 
        this title apply.
          (2) ``migrant worker'' has the same meaning given 
        that term in section 31501 of this title.
          (3) ``motor carrier of migrant workers'' means a 
        motor carrier of migrant workers subject to the 
        jurisdiction of the Secretary of Transportation under 
        section 31502(c) of this title.
  (b) Application.--This chapter only applies in carrying out 
sections 20302(a)(1)(B) and (C), (2), and (3), (c), and (d)(1) 
and 20303 and chapters 5, 205 (except section 20504(b)), 211, 
213 (in carrying out those sections and chapters), 311, 313, 
and 315 of this title.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SUBTITLE IV--INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


PART B--MOTOR CARRIERS, WATER CARRIERS, BROKERS, AND FREIGHT FORWARDERS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


CHAPTER 131--GENERAL PROVISIONS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Sec. 13102. Definitions

  In this part, the following definitions shall apply:
          (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Surface 
        Transportation Board.
          (2) Broker.--The term ``broker'' means a person, 
        other than a motor carrier or an employee or agent of a 
        motor carrier, that as a principal or agent sells, 
        offers for sale, negotiates for, or holds itself out by 
        solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as selling, 
        providing, or arranging for, transportation by motor 
        carrier for compensation.
          (3) Carrier.--The term ``carrier'' means a motor 
        carrier, a water carrier, and a freight forwarder.
          (4) Contract carriage.--The term ``contract 
        carriage'' means--
                  (A) for transportation provided before 
                January 1, 1996, service provided pursuant to a 
                permit issued under section 10923, as in effect 
                on December 31, 1995; and
                  (B) for transportation provided after 
                December 31, 1995, service provided under an 
                agreement entered into under section 14101(b).
          (5) Control.--The term ``control'', when referring to 
        a relationship between persons, includes actual 
        control, legal control, and the power to exercise 
        control, through or by--
                  (A) common directors, officers, stockholders, 
                a voting trust, or a holding or investment 
                company, or
                  (B) any other means.
          (6) Foreign motor carrier.--The term ``foreign motor 
        carrier'' means a person (including a motor carrier of 
        property but excluding a motor private carrier)--
                  (A)(i) that is domiciled in a contiguous 
                foreign country; or
                  (ii) that is owned or controlled by persons 
                of a contiguous foreign country; and
                  (B) in the case of a person that is not a 
                motor carrier of property, that provides 
                interstate transportation of property by motor 
                vehicle under an agreement or contract entered 
                into with a motor carrier of property (other 
                than a motor private carrier or a motor carrier 
                of property described in subparagraph (A)).
          (7) Foreign motor private carrier.--The term 
        ``foreign motor private carrier'' means a person 
        (including a motor private carrier but excluding a 
        motor carrier of property)--
                  (A)(i) that is domiciled in a contiguous 
                foreign country; or
                  (ii) that is owned or controlled by persons 
                of a contiguous foreign country; and
                  (B) in the case of a person that is not a 
                motor private carrier, that provides interstate 
                transportation of property by motor vehicle 
                under an agreement or contract entered into 
                with a person (other than a motor carrier of 
                property or a motor private carrier described 
                in subparagraph (A)).
          (8) Freight forwarder.--The term ``freight 
        forwarder'' means a person holding itself out to the 
        general public (other than as a pipeline, rail, motor, 
        or water carrier) to provide transportation of property 
        for compensation and in the ordinary course of its 
        business--
                  (A) assembles and consolidates, or provides 
                for assembling and consolidating, shipments and 
                performs or provides for break-bulk and 
                distribution operations of the shipments;
                  (B) assumes responsibility for the 
                transportation from the place of receipt to the 
                place of destination; and
                  (C) uses for any part of the transportation a 
                carrier subject to jurisdiction under this 
                subtitle.
        The term does not include a person using transportation 
        of an air carrier subject to part A of subtitle VII.
          (9) Highway.--The term ``highway'' means a road, 
        highway, street, and way in a State.
          (10) Household goods.--The term ``household goods'', 
        as used in connection with transportation, means 
        personal effects and property used or to be used in a 
        dwelling, when a part of the equipment or supply of 
        such dwelling, and similar property if the 
        transportation of such effects or property is--
                  (A) arranged and paid for by the householder, 
                except such term does not include property 
                moving from a factory or store, other than 
                property that the householder has purchased 
                with the intent to use in his or her dwelling 
                and is transported at the request of, and the 
                transportation charges are paid to the carrier 
                by, the householder; or
                  (B) arranged and paid for by another party.
          (11) Household goods freight forwarder.--The term 
        ``household goods freight forwarder'' means a freight 
        forwarder of one or more of the following items: 
        household goods, unaccompanied baggage, or used 
        automobiles.
          (12) Household goods motor carrier.--
                  (A) In general.--The term ``household goods 
                motor carrier'' means a motor carrier that, in 
                the ordinary course of its business of 
                providing transportation of household goods, 
                offers some or all of the following additional 
                services:
                          (i) Binding and nonbinding estimates.
                          (ii) Inventorying.
                          (iii) Protective packing and 
                        unpacking of individual items at 
                        personal residences.
                          (iv) Loading and unloading at 
                        personal residences.
                  (B) Inclusion.--The term includes any person 
                that is considered to be a household goods 
                motor carrier under regulations, 
                determinations, and decisions of the Federal 
                Motor Carrier Safety Administration that are in 
                effect on the date of enactment of the 
                Household Goods Mover Oversight Enforcement and 
                Reform Act of 2005.
                  (C) Limited service exclusion.--The term does 
                not include a motor carrier when the motor 
                carrier provides transportation of household 
                goods in containers or trailers that are 
                entirely loaded and unloaded by an individual 
                (other than an employee or agent of the motor 
                carrier).
          (13) Individual shipper.--The term ``individual 
        shipper'' means any person who--
                  (A) is the shipper, consignor, or consignee 
                of a household goods shipment;
                  (B) is identified as the shipper, consignor, 
                or consignee on the face of the bill of lading;
                  (C) owns the goods being transported; and
                  (D) pays his or her own tariff transportation 
                charges.
          (14) Motor carrier.--The term ``motor carrier'' means 
        a person providing motor vehicle transportation for 
        compensation.
          (15) Motor private carrier.--The term ``motor private 
        carrier'' means a person, other than a motor carrier, 
        transporting property by motor vehicle when--
                  (A) the transportation is as provided in 
                section 13501 of this title;
                  (B) the person is the owner, lessee, or 
                bailee of the property being transported; and
                  (C) the property is being transported for 
                sale, lease, rent, or bailment or to further a 
                commercial enterprise.
          (16) Motor vehicle.--The term ``motor vehicle'' means 
        a vehicle, machine, tractor, trailer, or semitrailer 
        propelled or drawn by mechanical power and used on a 
        highway in transportation, or a combination determined 
        by the Secretary, but does not include a vehicle, 
        locomotive, or car operated only on a rail, or a 
        trolley bus operated by electric power from a fixed 
        overhead wire, and providing local passenger 
        transportation similar to street-railway service.
          (17) Noncontiguous domestic trade.--The term 
        ``noncontiguous domestic trade'' means transportation 
        subject to jurisdiction under chapter 135 involving 
        traffic originating in or destined to Alaska, Hawaii, 
        or a territory or possession of the United States.
          (18) Person.--The term ``person'', in addition to its 
        meaning under section 1 of title 1, includes a trustee, 
        receiver, assignee, or personal representative of a 
        person.
          (19) Pre-arranged ground transportation service.--The 
        term ``pre-arranged ground transportation service'' 
        means transportation for a passenger (or a group of 
        passengers) that is arranged in advance (or is operated 
        on a regular route or between specified points) and is 
        provided in a motor vehicle with a seating capacity not 
        exceeding 15 passengers (including the driver).
          (20) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the 
        Secretary of Transportation.
          (21) State.--The term ``State'' means the 50 States 
        of the United States and the District of Columbia.
          (22) Taxicab service.--The term ``taxicab service'' 
        means passenger transportation in a motor vehicle 
        having a capacity of not more than 8 passengers 
        (including the driver), not operated on a regular route 
        or between specified places, and that--
                  (A) is licensed as a taxicab by a State or a 
                local jurisdiction; or
                  (B) is offered by a person that--
                          (i) provides local transportation for 
                        a fare determined (except with respect 
                        to transportation to or from airports) 
                        primarily on the basis of the distance 
                        traveled; and
                          (ii) does not primarily provide 
                        transportation to or from airports.
          (23) Transportation.--The term ``transportation'' 
        includes--
                  (A) a motor vehicle, vessel, warehouse, 
                wharf, pier, dock, yard, property, facility, 
                instrumentality, or equipment of any kind 
                related to the movement of passengers or 
                property, or both, regardless of ownership or 
                an agreement concerning use; and
                  (B) services related to that movement, 
                including arranging for, receipt, delivery, 
                elevation, transfer in transit, refrigeration, 
                icing, ventilation, storage, handling, packing, 
                unpacking, and interchange of passengers and 
                property.
          (24) United states.--The term ``United States'' means 
        the States of the United States and the District of 
        Columbia.
          (25) Vessel.--The term ``vessel'' means a watercraft 
        or other artificial contrivance that is used, is 
        capable of being used, or is intended to be used, as a 
        means of transportation by water.
          (26) Water carrier.--The term ``water carrier'' means 
        a person providing water transportation for 
        compensation.
          (27) Over-the-road bus.--The term ``over-the-road 
        bus'' means a bus characterized by an elevated 
        passenger deck located over a baggage compartment.
          (28) Principal place of business.--The term 
        ``principal place of business'' means a single physical 
        business location of a specified entity where--
                  (A) management officials of such specified 
                entity report to work;
                  (B) such specified entity conducts a 
                significant portion of its business relating to 
                the transportation of persons or property; and
                  (C) such specified entity maintains records 
                required by part B of subtitle IV or part B of 
                subtitle VI.
          (29) Specified entity.--The term ``specified entity'' 
        means--
                  (A) an employer, as such term is defined in 
                section 31132;
                  (B) a person;
                  (C) a motor carrier, including a foreign 
                motor carrier or foreign motor private carrier;
                  (D) a broker; or
                  (E) a freight forwarder.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


CHAPTER 139--REGISTRATION

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Sec. 13902. Registration of motor carriers

  (a) Motor Carrier Generally.--
          (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        section, the Secretary of Transportation shall register 
        a person to provide transportation subject to 
        jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 as a 
        motor carrier using self-propelled vehicles the motor 
        carrier owns, rents, or leases only if the Secretary 
        determines that the person--
                  (A) is willing and able to comply with--
                          (i) this part and the applicable 
                        regulations of the Secretary and the 
                        Board;
                          (ii) any safety regulations imposed 
                        by the Secretary;
                          (iii) the duties of employers and 
                        employees established by the Secretary 
                        under section 31135;
                          (iv) the safety fitness requirements 
                        established by the Secretary under 
                        section 31144;
                          (v) the accessibility requirements 
                        established by the Secretary under 
                        subpart H of part 37 of title 49, Code 
                        of Federal Regulations (or successor 
                        regulations), for transportation 
                        provided by an over-the-road bus; and
                          (vi) the minimum financial 
                        responsibility requirements established 
                        by the Secretary under sections 13906, 
                        31138, and 31139;
                  (B) has been issued a USDOT number under 
                section 31134;
                  (C) has disclosed any relationship involving 
                common ownership, common management, common 
                control, or common familial relationship 
                between that person and any other motor 
                carrier, freight forwarder, or broker, or any 
                other applicant for motor carrier, freight 
                forwarder, or broker registration, if the 
                relationship occurred in the 3-year period 
                preceding the date of the filing of the 
                application for registration; [and]
                  (D) after the Secretary establishes a written 
                proficiency examination pursuant to section 
                32101(b) of the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety 
                Enhancement Act of 2012, has passed the written 
                proficiency examination[.]; and
                  (E) has designated a principal place of 
                business.
          (2) Additional registration requirements for 
        household goods motor carriers.--In addition to meeting 
        the requirements of paragraph (1), the Secretary may 
        register a person to provide transportation of 
        household goods as a household goods motor carrier only 
        after that person--
                  (A) provides evidence of participation in an 
                arbitration program and provides a copy of the 
                notice of the arbitration program as required 
                by section 14708(b)(2);
                  (B) identifies its tariff and provides a copy 
                of the notice of the availability of that 
                tariff for inspection as required by section 
                13702(c); and
                  (C) demonstrates, before being registered, 
                through successful completion of a proficiency 
                examination established by the Secretary, 
                knowledge and intent to comply with applicable 
                Federal laws relating to consumer protection, 
                estimating, consumers' rights and 
                responsibilities, and options for limitations 
                of liability for loss and damage.
          (3) Consideration of evidence; findings.--The 
        Secretary shall consider, and to the extent applicable, 
        make findings on any evidence demonstrating that the 
        registrant is unable to comply with any applicable 
        requirement of paragraph (1) or, in the case of a 
        registrant to which paragraph (2) applies, paragraph 
        (1) or (2).
          (4) Withholding.--If the Secretary determines that a 
        registrant under this section does not meet, or is not 
        able to meet, any requirement of paragraph (1) or, in 
        the case of a registrant to which paragraph (2) 
        applies, paragraph (1) or (2), the Secretary shall 
        withhold registration.
          (5) Limitation on complaints.--The Secretary may hear 
        a complaint from any person concerning a registration 
        under this subsection only on the ground that the 
        registrant fails or will fail to comply with this part, 
        the applicable regulations of the Secretary and the 
        Board (including the accessibility requirements 
        established by the Secretary under subpart H of part 37 
        of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or such 
        successor regulations to those accessibility 
        requirements as the Secretary may issue, for 
        transportation provided by an over-the-road bus), the 
        safety regulations of the Secretary, or the safety 
        fitness or minimum financial responsibility 
        requirements of paragraph (1) of this subsection. In 
        the case of a registration for the transportation of 
        household goods as a household goods motor carrier, the 
        Secretary may also hear a complaint on the ground that 
        the registrant fails or will fail to comply with the 
        requirements of paragraph (2) of this subsection.
          (6) Separate registration required.--A motor carrier 
        may not broker transportation services unless the motor 
        carrier has registered as a broker under this chapter.
  (b) Motor Carriers of Passengers.--
          (1) Registration of private recipients of 
        governmental assistance.--The Secretary shall register 
        under subsection (a)(1) a private recipient of 
        governmental assistance to provide special or charter 
        transportation subject to jurisdiction under subchapter 
        I of chapter 135 as a motor carrier of passengers if 
        the Secretary finds that the recipient meets the 
        requirements of subsection (a)(1), unless the Secretary 
        finds, on the basis of evidence presented by any person 
        objecting to the registration, that the transportation 
        to be provided pursuant to the registration is not in 
        the public interest.
          (2) Registration of public recipients of governmental 
        assistance.--
                  (A) Charter transportation.--The Secretary 
                shall register under subsection (a)(1) a public 
                recipient of governmental assistance to provide 
                special or charter transportation subject to 
                jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 
                as a motor carrier of passengers if the 
                Secretary finds that--
                          (i) the recipient meets the 
                        requirements of subsection (a)(1); and
                          (ii)(I) no motor carrier of 
                        passengers (other than a motor carrier 
                        of passengers which is a public 
                        recipient of governmental assistance) 
                        is providing, or is willing to provide, 
                        the transportation; or
                          (II) the transportation is to be 
                        provided entirely in the area in which 
                        the public recipient provides regularly 
                        scheduled mass transportation services.
                  (B) Regular-route transportation.--The 
                Secretary shall register under subsection 
                (a)(1) a public recipient of governmental 
                assistance to provide regular-route 
                transportation subject to jurisdiction under 
                subchapter I of chapter 135 as a motor carrier 
                of passengers if the Secretary finds that the 
                recipient meets the requirements of subsection 
                (a)(1), unless the Secretary finds, on the 
                basis of evidence presented by any person 
                objecting to the registration, that the 
                transportation to be provided pursuant to the 
                registration is not in the public interest.
                  (C) Treatment of certain public recipients.--
                Any public recipient of governmental assistance 
                which is providing or seeking to provide 
                transportation of passengers subject to 
                jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 
                shall, for purposes of this part, be treated as 
                a person which is providing or seeking to 
                provide transportation of passengers subject to 
                such jurisdiction.
          (3) Intrastate transportation by interstate 
        carriers.--A motor carrier of passengers that is 
        registered by the Secretary under subsection (a) is 
        authorized to provide regular-route transportation 
        entirely in one State as a motor carrier of passengers 
        if such intrastate transportation is to be provided on 
        a route over which the carrier provides interstate 
        transportation of passengers.
          (4) Preemption of state regulation regarding certain 
        service.--No State or political subdivision thereof and 
        no interstate agency or other political agency of 2 or 
        more States shall enact or enforce any law, rule, 
        regulation, standard or other provision having the 
        force and effect of law relating to the provision of 
        pickup and delivery of express packages, newspapers, or 
        mail in a commercial zone if the shipment has had or 
        will have a prior or subsequent movement by bus in 
        intrastate commerce and, if a city within the 
        commercial zone, is served by a motor carrier of 
        passengers providing regular-route transportation of 
        passengers subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I 
        of chapter 135.
          (5) Jurisdiction over certain intrastate 
        transportation.--Subject to section 14501(a), any 
        intrastate transportation authorized by this subsection 
        shall be treated as transportation subject to 
        jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 until 
        such time as the carrier takes such action as is 
        necessary to establish under the laws of such State 
        rates, rules, and practices applicable to such 
        transportation, but in no case later than the 30th day 
        following the date on which the motor carrier of 
        passengers first begins providing transportation 
        entirely in one State under this paragraph.
          (6) Special operations.--This subsection shall not 
        apply to any regular-route transportation of passengers 
        provided entirely in one State which is in the nature 
        of a special operation.
          (7) Suspension or revocation.--Intrastate 
        transportation authorized under this subsection may be 
        suspended or revoked by the Secretary under section 
        13905 of this title at any time.
          (8) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following 
        definitions apply:
                  (A) Public recipient of governmental 
                assistance.--The term ``public recipient of 
                governmental assistance'' means--
                          (i) any State,
                          (ii) any municipality or other 
                        political subdivision of a State,
                          (iii) any public agency or 
                        instrumentality of one or more States 
                        and municipalities and political 
                        subdivisions of a State,
                          (iv) any Indian tribe, and
                          (v) any corporation, board, or other 
                        person owned or controlled by any 
                        entity described in clause (i), (ii), 
                        (iii), or (iv),
                which before, on, or after January 1, 1996, 
                received governmental assistance for the 
                purchase or operation of any bus.
                  (B) Private recipient of government 
                assistance.--The term ``private recipient of 
                government assistance'' means any person (other 
                than a person described in subparagraph (A)) 
                who before, on, or after January 1, 1996, 
                received governmental financial assistance in 
                the form of a subsidy for the purchase, lease, 
                or operation of any bus.
  (c) Restrictions on Motor Carriers Domiciled in or Owned or 
Controlled by Nationals of a Contiguous Foreign Country.--
          (1) Prevention of discriminatory practices.--If the 
        President, or the delegate thereof, determines that an 
        act, policy, or practice of a foreign country 
        contiguous to the United States, or any political 
        subdivision or any instrumentality of any such country 
        is unreasonable or discriminatory and burdens or 
        restricts United States transportation companies 
        providing, or seeking to provide, motor carrier 
        transportation to, from, or within such foreign 
        country, the President or such delegate may--
                  (A) seek elimination of such practices 
                through consultations; or
                  (B) notwithstanding any other provision of 
                law, suspend, modify, amend, condition, or 
                restrict operations, including geographical 
                restriction of operations, in the United States 
                by motor carriers of property or passengers 
                domiciled in such foreign country or owned or 
                controlled by persons of such foreign country.
          (2) Equalization of treatment.--Any action taken 
        under paragraph (1)(A) to eliminate an act, policy, or 
        practice shall be so devised so as to equal to the 
        extent possible the burdens or restrictions imposed by 
        such foreign country on United States transportation 
        companies.
          (3) Removal or modification.--The President, or the 
        delegate thereof, may remove or modify in whole or in 
        part any action taken under paragraph (1)(A) if the 
        President or such delegate determines that such removal 
        or modification is consistent with the obligations of 
        the United States under a trade agreement or with 
        United States transportation policy.
          (4) Protection of existing operations.--Unless and 
        until the President, or the delegate thereof, makes a 
        determination under paragraph (1) or (3), nothing in 
        this subsection shall affect--
                  (A) operations of motor carriers of property 
                or passengers domiciled in any contiguous 
                foreign country or owned or controlled by 
                persons of any contiguous foreign country 
                permitted in the commercial zones along the 
                United States-Mexico border as such zones were 
                defined on December 31, 1995; or
                  (B) any existing restrictions on operations 
                of motor carriers of property or passengers 
                domiciled in any contiguous foreign country or 
                owned or controlled by persons of any 
                contiguous foreign country or any modifications 
                thereof pursuant to section 6 of the Bus 
                Regulatory Reform Act of 1982.
          (5) Publication; comment.--Unless the President, or 
        the delegate thereof, determines that expeditious 
        action is required, the President shall publish in the 
        Federal Register any determination under paragraph (1) 
        or (3), together with a description of the facts on 
        which such a determination is based and any proposed 
        action to be taken pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) or (3), 
        and provide an opportunity for public comment.
          (6) Delegation to secretary.--The President may 
        delegate any or all authority under this subsection to 
        the Secretary, who shall consult with other agencies as 
        appropriate. In accordance with the directions of the 
        President, the Secretary may issue regulations to 
        enforce this subsection.
          (7) Civil actions.--Either the Secretary or the 
        Attorney General may bring a civil action in an 
        appropriate district court of the United States to 
        enforce this subsection or a regulation prescribed or 
        order issued under this subsection. The court may award 
        appropriate relief, including injunctive relief.
          (8) Limitation on statutory construction.--This 
        subsection shall not be construed as affecting the 
        requirement for all foreign motor carriers and foreign 
        motor private carriers operating in the United States 
        to comply with all applicable laws and regulations 
        pertaining to fitness, safety of operations, financial 
        responsibility, and taxes imposed by section 4481 of 
        the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
  (d) Transition Rule.--
          (1) In general.--Pending the implementation of the 
        rulemaking required by section 13908, the Secretary may 
        register a person under this section--
                  (A) as a motor common carrier if such person 
                would have been issued a certificate to provide 
                transportation as a motor common carrier under 
                this subtitle on December 31, 1995; and
                  (B) as a motor contract carrier if such 
                person would have been issued a permit to 
                provide transportation as a motor contract 
                carrier under this subtitle on such day.
          (2) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms 
        ``motor common carrier'' and ``motor contract carrier'' 
        have the meaning such terms had under section 10102 as 
        such section was in effect on December 31, 1995.
          (3) Termination.--This subsection shall cease to be 
        in effect on the transition termination date.
  (e) Penalties for Failure To Comply With Registration 
Requirements.--In addition to other penalties available under 
law, motor carriers that fail to register their operations as 
required by this section or that operate beyond the scope of 
their registrations may be subject to the following penalties:
          (1) Out-of-service orders.--If, upon inspection or 
        investigation, the Secretary determines that a motor 
        carrier providing transportation requiring registration 
        under this section is operating without a registration 
        or beyond the scope of its registration, the Secretary 
        may order the motor carrier operations out-of-service. 
        Subsequent to the issuance of the out-of-service order, 
        the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for review 
        in accordance with section 554 of title 5, United 
        States Code; except that such review shall occur not 
        later than 10 days after issuance of such order.
          (2) Permission for operations.--A person domiciled in 
        a country contiguous to the United States with respect 
        to which an action under subsection (c)(1)(A) or 
        (c)(1)(B) is in effect and providing transportation for 
        which registration is required under this section shall 
        maintain evidence of such registration in the motor 
        vehicle when the person is providing the 
        transportation. The Secretary shall not permit the 
        operation in interstate commerce in the United States 
        of any motor vehicle in which there is not a copy of 
        the registration issued pursuant to this section.
  (f) Modification of Carrier Registration.--
          (1) In general.--On and after the transition 
        termination date, the Secretary--
                  (A) may not register a motor carrier under 
                this section as a motor common carrier or a 
                motor contract carrier;
                  (B) shall register applicants under this 
                section as motor carriers; and
                  (C) shall issue any motor carrier registered 
                under this section after that date a motor 
                carrier certificate of registration that 
                specifies whether the holder of the certificate 
                may provide transportation of persons, 
                household goods, other property, or any 
                combination thereof.
          (2) Pre-existing certificates and permits.--The 
        Secretary shall redesignate any motor carrier 
        certificate or permit issued before the transition 
        termination date as a motor carrier certificate of 
        registration. On and after the transition termination 
        date, any person holding a motor carrier certificate of 
        registration redesignated under this paragraph may 
        provide both contract carriage (as defined in section 
        13102(4)(B)) and transportation under terms and 
        conditions meeting the requirements of section 
        13710(a)(1). The Secretary may not, pursuant to any 
        regulation or form issued before or after the 
        transition termination date, make any distinction among 
        holders of motor carrier certificates of registration 
        on the basis of whether the holder would have been 
        classified as a common carrier or as a contract carrier 
        under--
                  (A) subsection (d) of this section, as that 
                section was in effect before the transition 
                termination date; or
                  (B) any other provision of this title that 
                was in effect before the transition termination 
                date.
          (3) Transition termination date defined.--In this 
        section, the term ``transition termination date'' means 
        the first day of January occurring more than 12 months 
        after the date of enactment of the Unified Carrier 
        Registration Act of 2005.
  (g) Motor Carrier Defined.--In this section and sections 
13905 and 13906, the term ``motor carrier'' includes foreign 
motor private carriers.
  (h) Update of Registration.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall require a 
        registrant to update its registration under this 
        section not later than 30 days after a change in the 
        registrant's address, other contact information, 
        officers, process agent, or other essential 
        information, as determined by the Secretary.
          (2) Motor carriers of passengers.--In addition to the 
        requirements of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
        require a motor carrier of passengers to update its 
        registration information, including numbers of 
        vehicles, annual mileage, and individuals responsible 
        for compliance with Federal safety regulations 
        quarterly for the first 2 years after being issued a 
        registration under this section.
  (i) Registration as Freight Forwarder or Broker Required.--A 
motor carrier registered under this chapter--
          (1) may only provide transportation of property 
        with--
                  (A) self-propelled motor vehicles owned or 
                leased by the motor carrier; or
                  (B) interchanges under regulations issued by 
                the Secretary if the originating carrier--
                          (i) physically transports the cargo 
                        at some point; and
                          (ii) retains liability for the cargo 
                        and for payment of interchanged 
                        carriers; and
          (2) may not arrange transportation except as 
        described in paragraph (1) unless the motor carrier has 
        obtained a separate registration as a freight forwarder 
        or broker for transportation under section 13903 or 
        13904, as applicable.
  (j) Mexico-Domiciled Motor Carriers.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of this section, upon an order in accordance 
with section 324(a) of the United States-Mexico-Canada 
Agreement Implementation Act, the Secretary shall carry out the 
relief specified by denying or imposing limitations on a 
request for registration or capping the number of requests for 
registration by Mexico-domiciled motor carriers of cargo to 
operate beyond the municipalities along the United States-
Mexico international border and the commercial zones of those 
municipalities as directed.

Sec. 13903. Registration of freight forwarders

  (a) In General.--The Secretary shall register a person to 
provide service subject to jurisdiction under subchapter III of 
chapter 135 as a freight forwarder if the Secretary determines 
that the person--
          (1) has sufficient experience to qualify the person 
        to act as a freight forwarder; [and]
          (2) is fit, willing, and able to provide the service 
        and to comply with this part and applicable regulations 
        of the Secretary[.];
          (3) has designated a principal place of business; and
          (4) has disclosed any relationship involving common 
        ownership, common management, common control, or common 
        familial relationship between such person and any other 
        motor carrier, freight forwarder, broker, or any other 
        applicant for motor carrier, freight forwarder, or 
        broker registration, if the relationship occurred in 
        the 3-year period preceding the date of the filing of 
        the application for registration.
  (b) Duration.--A registration issued under subsection (a) 
shall only remain in effect while the freight forwarder is in 
compliance with section 13906(c).
  (c) Experience or Training Requirement.--Each freight 
forwarder shall employ, as an officer, an individual who--
          (1) has at least 3 years of relevant experience; or
          (2) provides the Secretary with satisfactory evidence 
        of the individual's knowledge of related rules, 
        regulations, and industry practices.
  (d) Registration as Motor Carrier Required.--A freight 
forwarder may not provide transportation as a motor carrier 
unless the freight forwarder has registered separately under 
this chapter to provide transportation as a motor carrier.
  (e) Update of Registration.--The Secretary shall require a 
freight forwarder to update its registration under this section 
not later than 30 days after a change in the freight 
forwarder's address, other contact information, officers, 
process agent, or other essential information, as determined by 
the Secretary.

Sec. 13904. Registration of brokers

  (a) In General.--The Secretary shall register, subject to 
section 13906(b), a person to be a broker for transportation of 
property subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 
135, if the Secretary determines that the person--
          (1) has sufficient experience to qualify the person 
        to act as a broker for transportation; [and]
          (2) is fit, willing, and able to be a broker for 
        transportation and to comply with this part and 
        applicable regulations of the Secretary[.];
          (3) has designated a principal place of business; and
          (4) has disclosed any relationship involving common 
        ownership, common management, common control, or common 
        familial relationship between such person and any other 
        motor carrier, freight forwarder, or broker, or any 
        other applicant for motor carrier, freight forwarder, 
        or broker registration, if the relationship occurred in 
        the 3-year period preceding the date of the filing of 
        the application for registration.
  (b) Duration.--A registration issued under subsection (a) 
shall only remain in effect while the broker for transportation 
is in compliance with section 13906(b).
  (c) Experience or Training Requirements.--Each broker shall 
employ, as an officer, an individual who--
          (1) has at least 3 years of relevant experience; or
          (2) provides the Secretary with satisfactory evidence 
        of the individual's knowledge of related rules, 
        regulations, and industry practices.
  (d) Registration as Motor Carrier Required.--
          (1) In general.--A broker for transportation may not 
        provide transportation as a motor carrier unless the 
        broker has registered separately under this chapter to 
        provide transportation as a motor carrier.
          (2) Limitation.--This subsection does not apply to a 
        motor carrier registered under this chapter or to an 
        employee or agent of the motor carrier to the extent 
        the transportation is to be provided entirely by the 
        motor carrier, with other registered motor carriers, or 
        with rail or water carriers.
  (e) Regulation to Protect Motor Carriers and Shippers.--
Regulations of the Secretary applicable to brokers registered 
under this section shall provide for the protection of motor 
carriers and shippers by motor vehicle.
  (f) Bond and Insurance.--The Secretary may impose on brokers 
for motor carriers of passengers such requirements for bonds or 
insurance or both as the Secretary determines are needed to 
protect passengers and carriers dealing with such brokers.
  (g) Update of Registration.--The Secretary shall require a 
broker to update its registration under this section not later 
than 30 days after a change in the broker's address, other 
contact information, officers, process agent, or other 
essential information, as determined by the Secretary.

Sec. 13905. Effective periods of registration

  (a) Person Holding ICC Authority.--Any person having 
authority to provide transportation or service as a motor 
carrier, freight forwarder, or broker under this title, as in 
effect on December 31, 1995, shall be deemed, for purposes of 
this part, to be registered to provide such transportation or 
service under this part.
  (b) Person Registered With Secretary.--
          (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        any person having registered with the Secretary to 
        provide transportation or service as a motor carrier or 
        motor private carrier under this title, as in effect on 
        January 1, 2005, but not having registered pursuant to 
        section 13902(a), shall be treated, for purposes of 
        this part, to be registered to provide such 
        transportation or service for purposes of sections 
        13908 and 14504a.
          (2) Exclusively intrastate operators.--Paragraph (1) 
        does not apply to a motor carrier or motor private 
        carrier (including a transporter of waste or recyclable 
        materials) engaged exclusively in intrastate 
        transportation operations.
  (c) Effective Period.--
          (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        part, each registration issued under section 13902, 
        13903, or 13904--
                  (A) shall be effective beginning on the date 
                specified by the Secretary; and
                  (B) shall remain in effect for such period as 
                the Secretary determines appropriate by 
                regulation.
          (2) Reissuance of registration.--
                  (A) Requirement.--Not later than 4 years 
                after the date of enactment of the Commercial 
                Motor Vehicle Safety Enhancement Act of 2012, 
                the Secretary shall require a freight forwarder 
                or broker to renew its registration issued 
                under this chapter.
                  (B) Effective period.--Each registration 
                renewal under subparagraph (A)--
                          (i) shall expire not later than 5 
                        years after the date of such renewal; 
                        and
                          (ii) may be further renewed as 
                        provided under this chapter.
  (d) Suspension, Amendments, and Revocations.--
          (1) Applications.--On application of the registrant, 
        the Secretary may amend or revoke a registration.
          (2) Complaints and actions on secretary's own 
        initiative.--On complaint or on the Secretary's own 
        initiative and after notice and an opportunity for a 
        proceeding, the Secretary may--
                  (A) suspend, amend, or revoke any part of the 
                registration of a motor carrier, foreign motor 
                carrier, foreign motor private carrier, broker, 
                or freight forwarder for willful failure to 
                comply with--
                          (i) this part;
                          (ii) an applicable regulation or 
                        order of the Secretary or the Board, 
                        including the accessibility 
                        requirements established by the 
                        Secretary under subpart H of part 37 of 
                        title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 
                        (or successor regulations), for 
                        transportation provided by an over-the-
                        road bus; or
                          (iii) a condition of its 
                        registration;
                  (B) withhold, suspend, amend, or revoke any 
                part of the registration of a motor carrier, 
                foreign motor carrier, foreign motor private 
                carrier, broker, or freight forwarder for 
                failure--
                          (i) to pay a civil penalty imposed 
                        under chapter 5, 51, 149, or 311;
                          (ii) to arrange and abide by an 
                        acceptable payment plan for such civil 
                        penalty, not later than 90 days after 
                        the date specified by order of the 
                        Secretary for the payment of such 
                        penalty; or
                          (iii) for failure to obey a subpoena 
                        issued by the Secretary;
                  (C) withhold, suspend, amend, or revoke any 
                part of a registration of a motor carrier, 
                foreign motor carrier, foreign motor private 
                carrier, broker, or freight forwarder following 
                a determination by the Secretary that the motor 
                carrier, broker, or freight forwarder failed to 
                disclose, in its application for registration, 
                a material fact relevant to its willingness and 
                ability to comply with--
                          (i) this part;
                          (ii) an applicable regulation or 
                        order of the Secretary or the Board; or
                          (iii) a condition of its 
                        registration; [or]
                  (D) withhold, suspend, amend, or revoke any 
                part of a registration of a motor carrier, 
                foreign motor carrier, foreign motor private 
                carrier, broker, or freight forwarder if the 
                Secretary finds that the motor carrier, broker, 
                or freight forwarder does not disclose any 
                relationship through common ownership, common 
                management, common control, or common familial 
                relationship to any other motor carrier, 
                broker, or freight forwarder, or any other 
                applicant for motor carrier, broker, or freight 
                forwarder registration that the Secretary 
                determines is or was unwilling or unable to 
                comply with the relevant requirements listed in 
                section 13902, 13903, or 13904[.]; or
                  (E) withhold, suspend, amend, or revoke any 
                part of a registration of a motor carrier, 
                foreign motor carrier, foreign motor private 
                carrier, broker, or freight forwarder if the 
                Secretary finds that the motor carrier, foreign 
                motor carrier, foreign motor private carrier, 
                broker, or freight forwarder failed to 
                designate a valid principal place of business.
          (3) Limitation.--Paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply to 
        a person who is unable to pay a civil penalty because 
        the person is a debtor in a case under chapter 11 of 
        title 11.
          (4) Regulations.--Not later than 12 months after the 
        date of the enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary, 
        after notice and opportunity for public comment, shall 
        issue regulations to provide for the suspension, 
        amendment, or revocation of a registration under this 
        part for failure to pay a civil penalty as provided in 
        paragraph (2)(B).
  (e) Procedure.--Except on application of the registrant, or 
if the Secretary determines that the registrant failed to 
disclose a material fact in an application for registration in 
accordance with subsection (d)(2)(C), the Secretary may revoke 
a registration of a motor carrier, freight forwarder, or 
broker, only after--
          (1) the Secretary has issued an order to the 
        registrant under section 14701 requiring compliance 
        with this part, a regulation of the Secretary, or a 
        condition of the registration; and
          (2) the registrant willfully does not comply with the 
        order for a period of 30 days.
  (f) Expedited Procedure.--
          (1) Protection of safety.--Notwithstanding subchapter 
        II of chapter 5 of title 5, the Secretary--
                  (A) may suspend the registration of a motor 
                carrier, a freight forwarder, or a broker for 
                failure to comply with requirements of the 
                Secretary pursuant to section 13904(e) or 13906 
                or an order or regulation of the Secretary 
                prescribed under those sections; and
                  (B) shall revoke the registration of a motor 
                carrier that has been prohibited from operating 
                in interstate commerce for failure to comply 
                with the safety fitness requirements of section 
                31144.
          (2) Imminent hazard to public health.--
        Notwithstanding subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, 
        the Secretary shall revoke the registration of a motor 
        carrier if the Secretary finds that the carrier is or 
        was conducting unsafe operations that are or were an 
        imminent hazard to public health or property.
          (3) Notice; period of suspension.--The Secretary may 
        suspend or revoke under this subsection the 
        registration only after giving notice of the suspension 
        or revocation to the registrant. A suspension remains 
        in effect until the registrant complies with the 
        applicable sections or, in the case of a suspension 
        under paragraph (2), until the Secretary revokes the 
        suspension.
  (g) Mexico-Domiciled Motor Carriers.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of this section, upon an order in accordance 
with section 324(a) of the United States-Mexico-Canada 
Agreement Implementation Act, the Secretary shall carry out the 
relief specified by revoking or imposing limitations on 
existing registrations of Mexico-domiciled motor carriers of 
cargo to operate beyond the municipalities along the United 
States-Mexico international border and the commercial zones of 
those municipalities as directed.

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CHAPTER 147--ENFORCEMENT; INVESTIGATIONS; RIGHTS; REMEDIES

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Sec. 14711. Enforcement by State attorneys general

  (a) In General.--A State, as parens patriae, may bring a 
civil action on behalf of its residents in an appropriate 
district court of the United States to enforce the consumer 
protection provisions of this title that apply to individual 
shippers, as determined by the Secretary, and are related to 
the delivery and transportation of household goods by a 
household goods motor carrier subject to jurisdiction under 
subchapter I of chapter 135 or regulations or orders of the 
Secretary or the Board issued under such provisions or to 
impose the civil penalties authorized by this part or such 
regulations or orders, whenever the attorney general of the 
State has reason to believe that the interests of the residents 
of the State have been or are being threatened or adversely 
affected by a carrier or broker providing transportation 
subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I or III of chapter 
135 or a foreign motor carrier providing transportation that is 
registered under section 13902 and is engaged in household 
goods transportation that violates this part or a regulation or 
order of the Secretary or Board, as applicable, issued under 
this part.
  (b) Notice and Consent.--
          (1) In general.--The State shall serve written notice 
        to the Secretary or the Board, as the case may be, of 
        any civil action under subsection (a) prior to 
        initiating such civil action. The notice shall include 
        a copy of the complaint to be filed to initiate such 
        civil action.
          (2) Conditions.--The Secretary or the Board--
                  (A) shall review the initiation of a civil 
                action under this section by a State if--
                          (i) the carrier or broker that is the 
                        subject of the action is not registered 
                        with the Department of Transportation;
                          (ii) the license of the carrier or 
                        broker for failure to file proof of 
                        required bodily injury or cargo 
                        liability insurance is pending, or the 
                        license has been revoked for any other 
                        reason by the Department;
                          (iii) the carrier is not rated or has 
                        received a conditional or 
                        unsatisfactory safety rating by the 
                        Department; or
                          (iv) the carrier or broker has been 
                        licensed with the Department for less 
                        than 5 years; and
                  (B) may review if the carrier or broker fails 
                to meet criteria developed by the Secretary 
                that are consistent with this section.
          (3) Congressional notification.--The Secretary shall 
        notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation, of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives of any criteria developed by the 
        Secretary under paragraph (2)(B).
          (4) 60-day deadline.--The Secretary or the Board 
        shall be considered to have consented to any civil 
        action of a State under this section if the Secretary 
        or the Board has taken no action with respect to the 
        notice within 60 calendar days after the date on which 
        the Secretary or the Board received notice under 
        paragraph (1).
  (c) Authority to Intervene.--Upon receiving the notice 
required by subsection (b), the Secretary or board may 
intervene in a civil action of a State under this section and 
upon intervening--
          (1) be heard on all matters arising in such civil 
        action; and
          (2) file petitions for appeal of a decision in such 
        civil actions.
  (d) Construction.--For purposes of bringing any civil action 
under subsection (a), nothing in this section shall--
          (1) convey a right to initiate or maintain a class 
        action lawsuit in the enforcement of a Federal law or 
        regulation; or
          (2) prevent the attorney general of a State from 
        exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general 
        by the laws of such State to conduct investigations or 
        to administer oaths or affirmations or to compel the 
        attendance of witnesses or the production of 
        documentary and other evidence.
  (e) Venue; Service of Process.--In a civil action brought 
under subsection (a)--
          (1) the venue shall be a Federal judicial district in 
        which--
                  (A) the carrier, foreign motor carrier, or 
                broker operates;
                  (B) the carrier, foreign motor carrier, or 
                broker was authorized to provide transportation 
                at the time the complaint arose; or
                  (C) where the defendant in the civil action 
                is found;
          (2) process may be served without regard to the 
        territorial limits of the district or of the State in 
        which the civil action is instituted; and
          (3) a person who participated with a carrier or 
        broker in an alleged violation that is being litigated 
        in the civil action may be joined in the civil action 
        without regard to the residence of the person.
  (f) Enforcement of State Law.--Nothing contained in this 
section shall prohibit an authorized State official from 
proceeding in State court to enforce a criminal statute of such 
State.
  (g) Penalties.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
any fine or penalty imposed on a carrier or broker in a 
proceeding under this section shall be paid to, and retained 
by, the State that imposed such fine or penalty.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


CHAPTER 149--CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Sec. 14914. Civil penalty procedures

  (a) In General.--After notice and an opportunity for a 
hearing, a person found by the Surface Transportation Board to 
have violated a provision of law that the Board carries out or 
a regulation prescribed under that law by the Board that is 
related to transportation which occurs under subchapter II of 
chapter 135 for which a civil penalty is provided, is liable to 
the United States for the civil penalty provided. The amount of 
the civil penalty shall be assessed by the Board by written 
notice. In determining the amount of the penalty, the Board 
shall consider the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity 
of the prohibited acts committed and, with respect to the 
violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior 
offenses, ability to pay, and other matters that justice 
requires.
  (b) Enforcement by Secretary.--If, after notice and an 
opportunity for a hearing, the Secretary finds that a person 
violated a provision of part B of subtitle IV of this title, or 
a regulation or order issued pursuant to such part, the 
Secretary shall assess a civil penalty by written notice.
  [(b)] (c) Compromise.--The Board or the Secretary may 
compromise, modify, or remit, with or without consideration, a 
civil penalty until the assessment is referred to the Attorney 
General.
  [(c)] (d) Collection.--If a person fails to pay an assessment 
of a civil penalty after it has become final, the Board or the 
Secretary may refer the matter to the Attorney General for 
collection in an appropriate district court of the United 
States.
  [(d)] (e) Refunds.--The Board may refund or remit a civil 
penalty collected under this section if--
          (1) application has been made for refund or remission 
        of the penalty within 1 year from the date of payment; 
        and
          (2) the Board finds that the penalty was unlawfully, 
        improperly, or excessively imposed.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SUBTITLE VI--MOTOR VEHICLE AND DRIVER PROGRAMS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


PART B--COMMERCIAL

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


CHAPTER 311--COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SUBCHAPTER I--GENERAL AUTHORITY AND STATE GRANTS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Sec. 31102. Motor carrier safety assistance program

  (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
administer a motor carrier safety assistance program funded 
under section 31104.
  (b) Goal.--The goal of the program is to ensure that the 
Secretary, States, local governments, other political 
jurisdictions, federally recognized Indian tribes, and other 
persons work in partnership to establish programs to improve 
motor carrier, commercial motor vehicle, and driver safety to 
support a safe and efficient surface transportation system by--
          (1) making targeted investments to promote safe 
        commercial motor vehicle transportation, including the 
        transportation of passengers and hazardous materials;
          (2) investing in activities likely to generate 
        maximum reductions in the number and severity of 
        commercial motor vehicle crashes and in fatalities 
        resulting from such crashes;
          (3) adopting and enforcing effective motor carrier, 
        commercial motor vehicle, and driver safety regulations 
        and practices consistent with Federal requirements; and
          (4) assessing and improving statewide performance by 
        setting program goals and meeting performance 
        standards, measures, and benchmarks.
  (c) State Plans.--
          (1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the 
        Secretary shall prescribe procedures for a State to 
        submit a multiple-year plan, and annual updates 
        thereto, under which the State agrees to assume 
        responsibility for improving motor carrier safety by 
        adopting and enforcing State regulations, standards, 
        and orders that are compatible with the regulations, 
        standards, and orders of the Federal Government on 
        commercial motor vehicle safety and hazardous materials 
        transportation safety.
          (2) Contents.--The Secretary shall approve a State 
        plan if the Secretary determines that the plan is 
        adequate to comply with the requirements of this 
        section, and the plan--
                  (A) implements performance-based activities, 
                including deployment and maintenance of 
                technology to enhance the efficiency and 
                effectiveness of commercial motor vehicle 
                safety programs;
                  (B) designates a lead State commercial motor 
                vehicle safety agency responsible for 
                administering the plan throughout the State;
                  (C) contains satisfactory assurances that the 
                lead State commercial motor vehicle safety 
                agency has or will have the legal authority, 
                resources, and qualified personnel necessary to 
                enforce the regulations, standards, and orders;
                  (D) contains satisfactory assurances that the 
                State will devote adequate resources to the 
                administration of the plan and enforcement of 
                the regulations, standards, and orders;
                  (E) provides a right of entry (or other 
                method a State may use that the Secretary 
                determines is adequate to obtain necessary 
                information) and inspection to carry out the 
                plan;
                  (F) provides that all reports required under 
                this section be available to the Secretary on 
                request;
                  (G) provides that the lead State commercial 
                motor vehicle safety agency will adopt the 
                reporting requirements and use the forms for 
                recordkeeping, inspections, and investigations 
                that the Secretary prescribes;
                  (H) requires all registrants of commercial 
                motor vehicles to demonstrate knowledge of 
                applicable safety regulations, standards, and 
                orders of the Federal Government and the State;
                  (I) provides that the State will grant 
                maximum reciprocity for inspections conducted 
                under the North American Inspection Standards 
                through the use of a nationally accepted system 
                that allows ready identification of previously 
                inspected commercial motor vehicles;
                  (J) ensures that activities described in 
                subsection (h), if financed through grants to 
                the State made under this section, will not 
                diminish the effectiveness of the development 
                and implementation of the programs to improve 
                motor carrier, commercial motor vehicle, and 
                driver safety as described in subsection (b);
                  (K) ensures that the lead State commercial 
                motor vehicle safety agency will coordinate the 
                plan, data collection, and information systems 
                with the State highway safety improvement 
                program required under section 148(c) of title 
                23;
                  (L) ensures participation in appropriate 
                Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 
                information technology and data systems and 
                other information systems by all appropriate 
                jurisdictions receiving motor carrier safety 
                assistance program funding;
                  (M) ensures that information is exchanged 
                among the States in a timely manner;
                  (N) provides satisfactory assurances that the 
                State will undertake efforts that will 
                emphasize and improve enforcement of State and 
                local traffic safety laws and regulations 
                related to commercial motor vehicle safety;
                  (O) provides satisfactory assurances that the 
                State will address national priorities and 
                performance goals, including--
                          (i) activities aimed at removing 
                        impaired commercial motor vehicle 
                        drivers from the highways of the United 
                        States through adequate enforcement of 
                        regulations on the use of alcohol and 
                        controlled substances and by ensuring 
                        ready roadside access to alcohol 
                        detection and measuring equipment;
                          (ii) activities aimed at providing an 
                        appropriate level of training to State 
                        motor carrier safety assistance program 
                        officers and employees on recognizing 
                        drivers impaired by alcohol or 
                        controlled substances; and
                          (iii) when conducted with an 
                        appropriate commercial motor vehicle 
                        inspection, criminal interdiction 
                        activities, and appropriate strategies 
                        for carrying out those interdiction 
                        activities, including interdiction 
                        activities that affect the 
                        transportation of controlled substances 
                        (as defined in section 102 of the 
                        Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and 
                        Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802) and 
                        listed in part 1308 of title 21, Code 
                        of Federal Regulations, as updated and 
                        republished from time to time) by any 
                        occupant of a commercial motor vehicle;
                  (P) provides that the State has established 
                and dedicated sufficient resources to a program 
                to ensure that--
                          (i) the State collects and reports to 
                        the Secretary accurate, complete, and 
                        timely motor carrier safety data; and
                          (ii) the State participates in a 
                        national motor carrier safety data 
                        correction system prescribed by the 
                        Secretary;
                  (Q) ensures that the State will cooperate in 
                the enforcement of financial responsibility 
                requirements under sections 13906, 31138, and 
                31139 and regulations issued under those 
                sections;
                  (R) ensures consistent, effective, and 
                reasonable sanctions;
                  (S) ensures that roadside inspections will be 
                conducted at locations that are adequate to 
                protect the safety of drivers and enforcement 
                personnel;
                  (T) provides that the State will include in 
                the training manuals for the licensing 
                examination to drive noncommercial motor 
                vehicles and commercial motor vehicles 
                information on best practices for driving 
                safely in the vicinity of noncommercial and 
                commercial motor vehicles;
                  (U) provides that the State will enforce the 
                registration requirements of sections 13902 and 
                31134 by prohibiting the operation of any 
                vehicle discovered to be operated by a motor 
                carrier without a registration issued under 
                those sections or to be operated beyond the 
                scope of the motor carrier's registration;
                  (V) provides that the State will conduct 
                comprehensive and highly visible traffic 
                enforcement and commercial motor vehicle safety 
                inspection programs in high-risk locations and 
                corridors;
                  (W) except in the case of an imminent hazard 
                or obvious safety hazard, ensures that an 
                inspection of a vehicle transporting passengers 
                for a motor carrier of passengers is conducted 
                at a bus station, terminal, border crossing, 
                maintenance facility, destination, or other 
                location where a motor carrier may make a 
                planned stop (excluding a weigh station);
                  (X) ensures that the State will transmit to 
                its roadside inspectors notice of each Federal 
                exemption granted under section 31315(b) of 
                this title and sections 390.23 and 390.25 of 
                title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and 
                provided to the State by the Secretary, 
                including the name of the person that received 
                the exemption and any terms and conditions that 
                apply to the exemption;
                  (Y) except as provided in subsection (d), 
                provides that the State--
                          (i) will conduct safety audits of 
                        interstate and, at the State's 
                        discretion, intrastate new entrant 
                        motor carriers under section 31144(g); 
                        and
                          (ii) if the State authorizes a third 
                        party to conduct safety audits under 
                        section 31144(g) on its behalf, the 
                        State verifies the quality of the work 
                        conducted and remains solely 
                        responsible for the management and 
                        oversight of the activities;
                  (Z) provides that the State agrees to fully 
                participate in the performance and registration 
                information systems management under section 
                31106(b) not later than October 1, 2020, by 
                complying with the conditions for participation 
                under paragraph (3) of that section, or 
                demonstrates to the Secretary an alternative 
                approach for identifying and immobilizing a 
                motor carrier with serious safety deficiencies 
                in a manner that provides an equivalent level 
                of safety;
                  (AA) in the case of a State that shares a 
                land border with another country, provides that 
                the State--
                          (i) will conduct a border commercial 
                        motor vehicle safety program focusing 
                        on international commerce that includes 
                        enforcement and related projects; or
                          (ii) will forfeit all funds 
                        calculated by the Secretary based on 
                        border-related activities if the State 
                        declines to conduct the program 
                        described in clause (i) in its plan; 
                        and
                  (BB) in the case of a State that meets the 
                other requirements of this section and agrees 
                to comply with the requirements established in 
                subsection (l)(3), provides that the State may 
                fund operation and maintenance costs associated 
                with innovative technology deployment under 
                subsection (l)(3) with motor carrier safety 
                assistance program funds authorized under 
                section 31104(a)(1).
          (3) Publication.--
                  (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                the Secretary shall publish each approved State 
                multiple-year plan, and each annual update 
                thereto, on a publically accessible Internet 
                Web site of the Department of Transportation 
                not later than 30 days after the date the 
                Secretary approves the plan or update.
                  (B) Limitation.--Before publishing an 
                approved State multiple-year plan or annual 
                update under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
                shall redact any information identified by the 
                State that, if disclosed--
                          (i) would reasonably be expected to 
                        interfere with enforcement proceedings; 
                        or
                          (ii) would reveal enforcement 
                        techniques or procedures that would 
                        reasonably be expected to risk 
                        circumvention of the law.
  (d) Exclusion of U.S. Territories.--The requirement that a 
State conduct safety audits of new entrant motor carriers under 
subsection (c)(2)(Y) does not apply to a territory of the 
United States unless required by the Secretary.
  (e) Intrastate Compatibility.--The Secretary shall prescribe 
regulations specifying tolerance guidelines and standards for 
ensuring compatibility of intrastate commercial motor vehicle 
safety laws, including regulations, with Federal motor carrier 
safety regulations to be enforced under subsections (b) and 
(c). To the extent practicable, the guidelines and standards 
shall allow for maximum flexibility while ensuring a degree of 
uniformity that will not diminish motor vehicle safety.
  (f) Maintenance of Effort.--
          (1) Baseline.--Except as provided under paragraphs 
        (2) and (3) and in accordance with section 5107 of the 
        FAST Act, a State plan under subsection (c) shall 
        provide that the total expenditure of amounts of the 
        lead State commercial motor vehicle safety agency 
        responsible for administering the plan will be 
        maintained at a level each fiscal year that is at least 
        equal to--
                  (A) the average level of that expenditure for 
                fiscal years 2004 and 2005; or
                  (B) the level of that expenditure for the 
                year in which the Secretary implements a new 
                allocation formula under section 5106 of the 
                FAST Act.
          (2) Adjusted baseline after fiscal year 2017.--At the 
        request of a State, the Secretary may evaluate 
        additional documentation related to the maintenance of 
        effort and may make reasonable adjustments to the 
        maintenance of effort baseline after the year in which 
        the Secretary implements a new allocation formula under 
        section 5106 of the FAST Act, and this adjusted 
        baseline will replace the maintenance of effort 
        requirement under paragraph (1).
          (3) Waivers.--At the request of a State, the 
        Secretary may waive or modify the requirements of this 
        subsection for a total of 1 fiscal year if the 
        Secretary determines that the waiver or modification is 
        reasonable, based on circumstances described by the 
        State, to ensure the continuation of commercial motor 
        vehicle enforcement activities in the State.
          (4) Level of state expenditures.--In estimating the 
        average level of a State's expenditures under paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary--
                  (A) may allow the State to exclude State 
                expenditures for federally sponsored 
                demonstration and pilot programs and strike 
                forces;
                  (B) may allow the State to exclude 
                expenditures for activities related to border 
                enforcement and new entrant safety audits; and
                  (C) shall require the State to exclude State 
                matching amounts used to receive Federal 
                financing under section 31104.
  (g) Use of Unified Carrier Registration Fees Agreement.--
Amounts generated under section 14504a and received by a State 
and used for motor carrier safety purposes may be included as 
part of the State's match required under section 31104 or 
maintenance of effort required by subsection (f).
  (h) Use of Grants To Enforce Other Laws.--When approved as 
part of a State's plan under subsection (c), the State may use 
motor carrier safety assistance program funds received under 
this section--
          (1) if the activities are carried out in conjunction 
        with an appropriate inspection of a commercial motor 
        vehicle to enforce Federal or State commercial motor 
        vehicle safety regulations, for--
                  (A) enforcement of commercial motor vehicle 
                size and weight limitations at locations, 
                excluding fixed-weight facilities, such as near 
                steep grades or mountainous terrains, where the 
                weight of a commercial motor vehicle can 
                significantly affect the safe operation of the 
                vehicle, or at ports where intermodal shipping 
                containers enter and leave the United States; 
                and
                  (B) detection of and enforcement actions 
                taken as a result of criminal activity, 
                including the trafficking of human beings, in a 
                commercial motor vehicle or by any occupant, 
                including the operator, of the commercial motor 
                vehicle; [and]
          (2) for documented enforcement of State traffic laws 
        and regulations designed to promote the safe operation 
        of commercial motor vehicles, including documented 
        enforcement of such laws and regulations relating to 
        noncommercial motor vehicles when necessary to promote 
        the safe operation of commercial motor vehicles, if--
                  (A) the number of motor carrier safety 
                activities, including roadside safety 
                inspections, conducted in the State is 
                maintained at a level at least equal to the 
                average level of such activities conducted in 
                the State in fiscal years 2014 and 2015; and
                  (B) the State does not use more than 10 
                percent of the basic amount the State receives 
                under a grant awarded under section 31104(a)(1) 
                for enforcement activities relating to 
                noncommercial motor vehicles necessary to 
                promote the safe operation of commercial motor 
                vehicles unless the Secretary determines that a 
                higher percentage will result in significant 
                increases in commercial motor vehicle 
                safety[.]; and
          (3) for the enforcement of Federal household goods 
        statutes and regulations for the interstate 
        transportation of household goods by household goods 
        motor carriers and brokers, and for the intrastate 
        transportation of household goods by household goods 
        motor carriers if the State has adopted laws or 
        regulations that are compatible with Federal household 
        goods regulations.
  (i) Evaluation of Plans and Award of Grants.--
          (1) Awards.--The Secretary shall establish criteria 
        for the application, evaluation, and approval of State 
        plans under this section. Subject to subsection (j), 
        the Secretary may allocate the amounts made available 
        under section 31104(a)(1) among the States.
          (2) Opportunity to cure.--If the Secretary 
        disapproves a plan under this section, the Secretary 
        shall give the State a written explanation of the 
        reasons for disapproval and allow the State to modify 
        and resubmit the plan for approval.
  (j) Allocation of Funds.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary, by regulation, shall 
        prescribe allocation criteria for funds made available 
        under section 31104(a)(1).
          (2) Annual allocations.--On October 1 of each fiscal 
        year, or as soon as practicable thereafter, and after 
        making a deduction under section 31104(c), the 
        Secretary shall allocate amounts made available under 
        section 31104(a)(1) to carry out this section for the 
        fiscal year among the States with plans approved under 
        this section in accordance with the criteria prescribed 
        under paragraph (1).
          (3) Elective adjustments.--Subject to the 
        availability of funding and notwithstanding 
        fluctuations in the data elements used by the Secretary 
        to calculate the annual allocation amounts, after the 
        creation of a new allocation formula under section 5106 
        of the FAST Act, the Secretary may not make elective 
        adjustments to the allocation formula that decrease a 
        State's Federal funding levels by more than 3 percent 
        in a fiscal year. The 3 percent limit shall not apply 
        to the withholding provisions of subsection (k).
  (k) Plan Monitoring.--
          (1) In general.--On the basis of reports submitted by 
        the lead State agency responsible for administering a 
        State plan approved under this section and an 
        investigation by the Secretary, the Secretary shall 
        periodically evaluate State implementation of and 
        compliance with the State plan.
          (2) Withholding of funds.--
                  (A) Disapproval.--If, after notice and an 
                opportunity to be heard, the Secretary finds 
                that a State plan previously approved under 
                this section is not being followed or has 
                become inadequate to ensure enforcement of 
                State regulations, standards, or orders 
                described in subsection (c)(1), or the State is 
                otherwise not in compliance with the 
                requirements of this section, the Secretary may 
                withdraw approval of the State plan and notify 
                the State. Upon the receipt of such notice, the 
                State plan shall no longer be in effect and the 
                Secretary shall withhold all funding to the 
                State under this section.
                  (B) Noncompliance withholding.--In lieu of 
                withdrawing approval of a State plan under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary may, after 
                providing notice to the State and an 
                opportunity to be heard, withhold funding from 
                the State to which the State would otherwise be 
                entitled under this section for the period of 
                the State's noncompliance. In exercising this 
                option, the Secretary may withhold--
                          (i) up to 5 percent of funds during 
                        the fiscal year that the Secretary 
                        notifies the State of its 
                        noncompliance;
                          (ii) up to 10 percent of funds for 
                        the first full fiscal year of 
                        noncompliance;
                          (iii) up to 25 percent of funds for 
                        the second full fiscal year of 
                        noncompliance; and
                          (iv) not more than 50 percent of 
                        funds for the third and any subsequent 
                        full fiscal year of noncompliance.
          (3) Judicial review.--A State adversely affected by a 
        determination under paragraph (2) may seek judicial 
        review under chapter 7 of title 5. Notwithstanding the 
        disapproval of a State plan under paragraph (2)(A) or 
        the withholding of funds under paragraph (2)(B), the 
        State may retain jurisdiction in an administrative or a 
        judicial proceeding that commenced before the notice of 
        disapproval or withholding if the issues involved are 
        not related directly to the reasons for the disapproval 
        or withholding.
  (l) High Priority Program.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall administer a 
        high priority program funded under section 31104(a)(2) 
        for the purposes described in paragraphs (2) through 
        (5).
          (2) Activities related to motor carrier safety.--The 
        Secretary may make discretionary grants to and enter 
        into cooperative agreements with States, local 
        governments, federally recognized Indian tribes, other 
        political jurisdictions as necessary, and any person to 
        carry out high priority activities and projects that 
        augment motor carrier safety activities and projects 
        planned in accordance with subsections (b) and (c), 
        including activities and projects that--
                  (A) increase public awareness and education 
                on commercial motor vehicle safety;
                  (B) target unsafe driving of commercial motor 
                vehicles and noncommercial motor vehicles in 
                areas identified as high risk crash corridors;
                  (C) improve the safe and secure movement of 
                hazardous materials;
                  (D) improve safe transportation of goods and 
                persons in foreign commerce;
                  (E) demonstrate new technologies to improve 
                commercial motor vehicle safety;
                  (F) support participation in performance and 
                registration information systems management 
                under section 31106(b)--
                          (i) for entities not responsible for 
                        submitting the plan under subsection 
                        (c); or
                          (ii) for entities responsible for 
                        submitting the plan under subsection 
                        (c)--
                                  (I) before October 1, 2020, 
                                to achieve compliance with the 
                                requirements of participation; 
                                and
                                  (II) beginning on October 1, 
                                2020, or once compliance is 
                                achieved, whichever is sooner, 
                                for special initiatives or 
                                projects that exceed routine 
                                operations required for 
                                participation;
                  (G) conduct safety data improvement 
                projects--
                          (i) that complete or exceed the 
                        requirements under subsection (c)(2)(P) 
                        for entities not responsible for 
                        submitting the plan under subsection 
                        (c); or
                          (ii) that exceed the requirements 
                        under subsection (c)(2)(P) for entities 
                        responsible for submitting the plan 
                        under subsection (c);
                  (H) support, through the use of funds 
                otherwise available for such purposes--
                          (i) the recognition, prevention, and 
                        reporting of human trafficking, 
                        including the trafficking of human 
                        beings--
                                  (I) in a commercial motor 
                                vehicle; or
                                  (II) by any occupant, 
                                including the operator, of a 
                                commercial motor vehicle;
                          (ii) the detection of criminal 
                        activity or any other violation of law 
                        relating to human trafficking; and
                          (iii) enforcement of laws relating to 
                        human trafficking;
                  (I) otherwise support the recognition, 
                prevention, and reporting of human trafficking; 
                [and]
                  (J) enforce Federal household goods statutes 
                and regulations for the interstate 
                transportation of household goods by household 
                goods motor carriers and brokers, and for the 
                intrastate transportation of household goods by 
                household goods motor carriers if the State has 
                adopted laws or regulations that are compatible 
                with Federal household goods regulations; and
                  [(J)] (K) otherwise improve commercial motor 
                vehicle safety and compliance with commercial 
                motor vehicle safety regulations.
          (3) Innovative technology deployment grant program.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                establish an innovative technology deployment 
                grant program to make discretionary grants to 
                eligible States for the innovative technology 
                deployment of commercial motor vehicle 
                information systems and networks.
                  (B) Purposes.--The purposes of the program 
                shall be--
                          (i) to advance the technological 
                        capability and promote the deployment 
                        of intelligent transportation system 
                        applications for commercial motor 
                        vehicle operations, including 
                        commercial motor vehicle, commercial 
                        driver, and carrier-specific 
                        information systems and networks; and
                          (ii) to support and maintain 
                        commercial motor vehicle information 
                        systems and networks--
                                  (I) to link Federal motor 
                                carrier safety information 
                                systems with State commercial 
                                motor vehicle systems;
                                  (II) to improve the safety 
                                and productivity of commercial 
                                motor vehicles and drivers; and
                                  (III) to reduce costs 
                                associated with commercial 
                                motor vehicle operations and 
                                Federal and State commercial 
                                motor vehicle regulatory 
                                requirements.
                  (C) Eligibility.--To be eligible for a grant 
                under this paragraph, a State shall--
                          (i) have a commercial motor vehicle 
                        information systems and networks 
                        program plan approved by the Secretary 
                        that describes the various systems and 
                        networks at the State level that need 
                        to be refined, revised, upgraded, or 
                        built to accomplish deployment of 
                        commercial motor vehicle information 
                        systems and networks capabilities;
                          (ii) certify to the Secretary that 
                        its commercial motor vehicle 
                        information systems and networks 
                        deployment activities, including 
                        hardware procurement, software and 
                        system development, and infrastructure 
                        modifications--
                                  (I) are consistent with the 
                                national intelligent 
                                transportation systems and 
                                commercial motor vehicle 
                                information systems and 
                                networks architectures and 
                                available standards; and
                                  (II) promote interoperability 
                                and efficiency to the extent 
                                practicable; and
                          (iii) agree to execute 
                        interoperability tests developed by the 
                        Federal Motor Carrier Safety 
                        Administration to verify that its 
                        systems conform with the national 
                        intelligent transportation systems 
                        architecture, applicable standards, and 
                        protocols for commercial motor vehicle 
                        information systems and networks.
                  (D) Use of funds.--Grant funds received under 
                this paragraph may be used--
                          (i) for deployment activities and 
                        activities to develop new and 
                        innovative advanced technology 
                        solutions that support commercial motor 
                        vehicle information systems and 
                        networks;
                          (ii) for planning activities, 
                        including the development or updating 
                        of program or top level design plans in 
                        order to become eligible or maintain 
                        eligibility under subparagraph (C);
                          (iii) for the operation and 
                        maintenance costs associated with 
                        innovative technology;
                          (iv) for the detection of, and 
                        enforcement actions taken as a result 
                        of, criminal activity (including the 
                        trafficking of human beings)--
                                  (I) in a commercial motor 
                                vehicle; or
                                  (II) by any occupant, 
                                including the operator, of a 
                                commercial motor vehicle; and
                          (v) in addition to any funds 
                        otherwise made available for the 
                        recognition, prevention, and reporting 
                        of human trafficking, to support the 
                        recognition, prevention, and reporting 
                        of human trafficking.
                  (E) Secretary authorization.--The Secretary 
                is authorized to award a State funding for the 
                operation and maintenance costs associated with 
                innovative technology deployment with funds 
                made available under sections 31104(a)(1) and 
                31104(a)(2).
          (4) Immobilization grant program.--
                  (A) Definition of passenger-carrying 
                commercial motor vehicle.--In this paragraph, 
                the term ``passenger-carrying commercial motor 
                vehicle'' has the meaning given the term 
                ``commercial motor vehicle'' in section 31301.
                  (B) Establishment.--The Secretary shall 
                establish an immobilization grant program under 
                which the Secretary shall provide to States 
                discretionary grants for the immobilization or 
                impoundment of passenger-carrying commercial 
                motor vehicles that--
                          (i) are determined to be unsafe; or
                          (ii) fail inspection.
                  (C) List of criteria for immobilization.--The 
                Secretary, in consultation with State 
                commercial motor vehicle entities, shall 
                develop a list of commercial motor vehicle 
                safety violations and defects that the 
                Secretary determines warrant the immediate 
                immobilization of a passenger-carrying 
                commercial motor vehicle.
                  (D) Eligibility.--A State shall be eligible 
                to receive a grant under this paragraph only if 
                the State has the authority to require the 
                immobilization or impoundment of a passenger-
                carrying commercial motor vehicle--
                          (i) with respect to which a motor 
                        vehicle safety violation included in 
                        the list developed under subparagraph 
                        (C) is determined to exist; or
                          (ii) that is determined to have a 
                        defect included in that list.
                  (E) Use of funds.--A grant provided under 
                this paragraph may be used for--
                          (i) the immobilization or impoundment 
                        of passenger-carrying commercial motor 
                        vehicles described in subparagraph (D);
                          (ii) safety inspections of those 
                        passenger-carrying commercial motor 
                        vehicles; and
                          (iii) any other activity relating to 
                        an activity described in clause (i) or 
                        (ii), as determined by the Secretary.
                  (F) Secretary authorization.--The Secretary 
                may provide to a State amounts for the costs 
                associated with carrying out an immobilization 
                program using funds made available under 
                section 31104(a)(2).
          (5) Commercial motor vehicle enforcement training and 
        support grant program.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                administer a commercial motor vehicle 
                enforcement training and support grant program 
                funded under section 31104(a)(3), under which 
                the Secretary shall make discretionary grants 
                to eligible entities described in subparagraph 
                (C) for the purposes described in subparagraph 
                (B).
                  (B) Purposes.--The purposes of the grant 
                program under subparagraph (A) are--
                          (i) to train non-Federal employees 
                        who conduct commercial motor vehicle 
                        enforcement activities; and
                          (ii) to develop related training 
                        materials.
                  (C) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible 
                for a discretionary grant under the program 
                described in subparagraph (A) is a nonprofit 
                organization that has--
                          (i) expertise in conducting a 
                        training program for non-Federal 
                        employees; and
                          (ii) the ability to reach and involve 
                        in a training program a target 
                        population of commercial motor vehicle 
                        safety enforcement employees.
  (m) State Discretion.--The activities described in 
subsections (h)(3) and (l)(2)(J) are--
          (1) optional at the discretion of a State; and
          (2) not a condition on funds received under this 
        section.

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SUBCHAPTER III--SAFETY REGULATION

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Sec. 31134. Requirement for registration and USDOT number

  (a) In General.--Upon application, and subject to subsections 
(b) and (c), the Secretary shall register an employer or person 
subject to the safety jurisdiction of this subchapter. An 
employer or person may operate a commercial motor vehicle in 
interstate commerce only if the employer or person is 
registered by the Secretary under this section and receives a 
USDOT number. Nothing in this section shall preclude 
registration by the Secretary of an employer or person not 
engaged in interstate commerce. An employer or person subject 
to jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 of this title 
shall apply for commercial registration under section 13902 of 
this title.
  (b) Withholding Registration.--The Secretary shall register 
an employer or person under subsection (a) only if the 
Secretary determines that--
          (1) the employer or person seeking registration is 
        willing and able to comply with the requirements of 
        this subchapter and the regulations prescribed 
        thereunder and chapter 51 and the regulations 
        prescribed thereunder;
          (2)(A) during the 3-year period before the date of 
        the filing of the application, the employer or person 
        is not or was not related through common ownership, 
        common management, common control, or common familial 
        relationship to any other person or applicant for 
        registration subject to this subchapter who, during 
        such 3-year period, is or was unfit, unwilling, or 
        unable to comply with the requirements listed in 
        subsection (b)(1); [or]
          (3) the employer or person has disclosed to the 
        Secretary any relationship involving common ownership, 
        common management, common control, or common familial 
        relationship to any other person or applicant for 
        registration subject to this subchapter[.]; or
          (4) the employer or person seeking registration has 
        designated a principal place of business, as defined in 
        section 13102.
  (c) Revocation or Suspension of Registration.--The Secretary 
shall revoke the registration of an employer or person issued 
under subsection (a) after notice and an opportunity for a 
proceeding, or suspend the registration after giving notice of 
the suspension to the employer or person, if the Secretary 
determines that--
          (1) the employer's or person's authority to operate 
        pursuant to chapter 139 of this title is subject to 
        revocation or suspension under sections 13905(d)(1) or 
        13905(f) of this title;
          (2) the employer or person has knowingly failed to 
        comply with the requirements listed in [subsection 
        (b)(1)] subsection (b);
          (3) the employer or person has not disclosed any 
        relationship through common ownership, common 
        management, common control, or common familial 
        relationship to any other person or applicant for 
        registration subject to this subchapter that the 
        Secretary determines is or was unfit, unwilling, or 
        unable to comply with the requirements listed in 
        subsection (b)(1);
          (4) the employer or person refused to submit to the 
        safety review required by section 31144(g) of this 
        title.
  (d) Periodic Registration Update.--The Secretary may require 
an employer to update a registration under this section not 
later than 30 days after a change in the employer's address, 
other contact information, officers, process agent, or other 
essential information, as determined by the Secretary.
  (e) State Authority.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed as affecting the authority of a State to issue a 
Department of Transportation number under State law to a person 
operating in intrastate commerce.

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