[House Report 118-795]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


118th Congress    }                                     {       Report
                          HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 2d Session       }                                     {      118-795

======================================================================


 
AMTRAK TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR PASSENGERS AND TAXPAYERS ACT

                                _______
                                

December 4, 2024.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

   Mr. Graves of Missouri, from the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 8692]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, to whom 
was referred the bill (H.R. 8692) to require that the Amtrak 
Board of Directors comply with the open meetings requirements 
of section 552b of title 5, United States Code, and for other 
purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon 
with an amendment and recommends that the bill as amended do 
pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Purpose of Legislation...........................................     2
Background and Need for Legislation..............................     2
Hearings.........................................................     3
Legislative History and Consideration............................     4
Committee Votes..................................................     4
Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations.................     4
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures........................     4
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................     4
Performance Goals and Objectives.................................    12
Duplication of Federal Programs..................................    12
Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff 
  Benefits.......................................................    12
Federal Mandates Statement.......................................    12
Preemption Clarification.........................................    12
Advisory Committee Statement.....................................    12
Applicability to Legislative Branch..............................    12
Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation...................    13
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............    13

    The amendment is as follows:
  Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the ``Amtrak Transparency and Accountability 
for Passengers and Taxpayers Act''.

SEC. 2. OPEN MEETINGS.

  Section 24301(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
          (1) by striking ``Section 552 of title 5, this part'' and 
        inserting the following:
          ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), 
        sections 552 and 552b of title 5, this part'';
          (2) in the second sentence by striking ``Section 552 of title 
        5, United States Code, applies'' and inserting the following:
          ``(2) Timing of application.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (3), sections 552 and 552b of title 5 apply''; and
          (3) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(3) Scope of application.--
                  ``(A) Information.--The requirements of the second 
                sentence of section 552b(b) of title 5 shall not apply 
                to any portion of an Amtrak meeting and subsections (d) 
                and (e) of section 552b of title 5 shall not apply to 
                any information pertaining to any portion of an Amtrak 
                meeting otherwise required by section 552b of title 5 
                to be disclosed to the public in any case in which 
                Amtrak properly determines that such portion or 
                portions of the meeting or the disclosure of such 
                information is likely to involve--
                          ``(i) contract negotiations, including 
                        negotiations for contract procurements and 
                        agreements, the disclosure of which would 
                        imperil or compromise the competitive position 
                        of Amtrak;
                          ``(ii) collective bargaining agreements or 
                        any terms and conditions that are proposed for 
                        inclusion in any collective bargaining 
                        agreement, including the negotiation of terms 
                        and conditions with employees or 
                        representatives of employees of Amtrak; and
                          ``(iii) with respect to any individual who is 
                        a prospective officer, employee, or contractor 
                        or an officer, employee, or contractor employed 
                        or appointed by Amtrak, matters involving the 
                        employment, appointment, termination of 
                        employment, terms and conditions of employment, 
                        evaluation of the performance of, promotion or 
                        disciplining of any such individual, unless all 
                        such individuals whose rights could be 
                        adversely affected request in writing that the 
                        matter or matters be discussed at a public 
                        meeting.
                  ``(B) Additional application.--In addition to the 
                information described in subparagraph (B), the 
                information described in section 552b(c) shall apply to 
                Amtrak meetings.''.

                         Purpose of Legislation

    The purpose of H.R. 8692 is to require that the Amtrak 
Board of Directors comply with the open meetings requirements 
of section 552b of title 5, United States Code, and for other 
purposes.

                  Background and Need for Legislation

    The Government in the Sunshine Act [hereinafter ``Sunshine 
Act''] was enacted to build on previous initiatives to open the 
government's decision-making process to the public.\1\ The goal 
of the Sunshine Act is to address public feelings that decision 
making, and decision makers, are often incompetent, corrupt, 
inefficient, or otherwise not in the public's interest.\2\ In 
providing greater transparency, the public would have the 
opportunity to judge the integrity, competence, and dedication 
of agency officials.\3\ It could also increase the quality of 
agency work.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\The Government in the Sunshine Act, Pub. L. 94-409, 90 Stat. 
1241 at Sec. 2. Codified at 5 U.S.C. Sec. 552b.
    \2\The Government in the Sunshine Act, Report No. 94-354 at 4.
    \3\Id.
    \4\Id. at 5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Under the Sunshine Act, meetings of certain Federal 
agencies or Federally controlled entities shall be open to 
public observation. There are ten enumerated exemptions to open 
meeting requirements. Should members of the agency ``properly 
determine'' that the meetings or portions of fall under one of 
the exemptions, they may vote to close the meeting, but shall 
provide a transcription, recording of minutes of the closed 
meeting except for those portions dealing with the 
exemptions.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\Administrative Conference of the United States, Information 
Interagency Bulletin No. 017.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Generally, the Sunshine Act defines a covered ``agency'' to 
include executive departments, Government corporations, 
Government controlled corporations, and independent regulatory 
agency, among others.\6\ The law applies open meetings 
requirements to agencies headed by a collegial body . . . a 
majority of whom are appointed by the President with the advice 
and consent of the Senate.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\5 U.S.C. Sec. 552(f)(1).
    \7\5 U.S.C. Sec. 522b(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    While the law establishing Amtrak structured it as a 
private company and states it ``will not be an agency or 
establishment of the United States Government,''\8\ today all 
of voting members of its Board of Directors are nominated by 
the President and confirmed by the Senate.\9\ In addition, the 
Congress has applied the Freedom of Information Act to 
Amtrak.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91-518, 84 Stat. 
1328 at Sec. 301. This may be an artifact of Congress's original intent 
that shares in the newly establish corporation be Amtrak's founding as 
profit seeking entity that would raise capital by issuing common and 
preferred stock to be held by private entities and investors (Id. at 
Sec. 304(a)) and that seats on the board of directors be held for these 
shareholders; Id. at 303(a). Today, all of these seats are 
Presidentially appointed and all voting board members are Senate 
confirmed.
    \9\49 U.S.C. Sec. 24302(a)(1)(c).
    \10\Pub. L. 92-316, 86 Stat. 227.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    As the recipient of significant Federal funding, there has 
been growing Congressional and public interest in Amtrak 
decision making. H.R. 8692 applies the open meetings 
requirements of the Sunshine Act to meetings of Amtrak's Board 
of Directors with certain clarifying language that Amtrak may 
hold closed meetings to discuss certain sensitive business 
matters the disclosure of which may imperil or compromise the 
competitive position of Amtrak, matters related to collective 
bargaining and personal privacy. H.R. 8692 would improve public 
transparency of Amtrak Board of Directors decision making.

                                Hearings

    For the purposes of rule XIII, clause 3(c)(6)(A) of the 
118th Congress the following hearings were used to develop or 
consider H.R. 8692:
    On June 6, 2023, the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, 
and Hazardous Materials held a hearing entitled Amtrak 
Operations: Examining the Challenges and Opportunities for 
Improving Efficiency and Service. At the hearing, Members 
received testimony from Stephen Gardner, Chief Executive 
Office, Amtrak, and Mitch Warren, Executive Director, Northeast 
Corridor Commission. The hearing witnesses discussed the 
current state of Amtrak and plans for growth for passenger 
rail.
    On June 12, 2024, the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, 
and Hazardous Materials held a hearing entitled Amtrak 
Intercity Passenger Rail Oversight: Promoting Performance, 
Safety and Accountability. At the hearing, Members received 
testimony from Stephen Gardner, Chief Executive Office, Amtrak, 
Anthony Coscia, Chair of the Board of Amtrak, and Julie White, 
Deputy Secretary for Multimodal Transportation, North Carolina 
Department of Transportation. The hearing witnesses discussed 
the current state of Amtrak and measures to improve Amtrak 
performance and accountability.

                 Legislative History and Consideration

    H.R. 8692, the Amtrak Transparency and Accountability for 
Passengers and Taxpayers Act, was introduced in the United 
States House of Representatives on June 11, 2024, by Mr. Nehls 
of Texas and referred to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure. Within the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure, H.R. 8692 was referred to the Subcommittee on 
Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. The Subcommittee 
on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials were 
discharged from further consideration of H.R. 8692 on September 
18, 2024.
    The Committee considered H.R. 8692 on September 18, 2024, 
and ordered the measure to be favorably reported to the House, 
as amended, by unanimous consent.
    The following amendment was offered:
    An Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute (ANS) to H.R. 
8692, offered by Mr. Nehls of Texas was AGREED TO by unanimous 
consent.

                            Committee Votes

    Clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives requires each committee report to include the 
total number of votes cast for and against on each record vote 
on a motion to report and on any amendment offered to the 
measure or matter, and the names of those members voting for 
and against.
    No recorded votes were requested.

            Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations

    With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(1) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the 
Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are 
reflected in this report.

               New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures

    Clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives does not apply where a cost estimate and 
comparison prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget 
Office under section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974 has been timely submitted prior to the filing of the 
report and is included in the report. Such a cost estimate is 
included in this report.

               Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

    With respect to the requirement of clause 3(c)(3) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 
402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee has 
received the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 8692 from the 
Director of the Congressional Budget Office:
    The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 requires the 
Congressional Budget Office, to the extent practicable, to 
prepare estimates of the budgetary effects of legislation 
ordered reported by Congressional authorizing committees. In 
order to provide the Congress with as much information as 
possible, the attached table summarizes information about the 
estimated direct spending and revenue effects of some of the 
legislation that has been ordered reported by the House 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure during the 118th 
Congress. The legislation listed in this table generally would 
have small effects, if any, on direct spending or revenues, CBO 
estimates. Where possible, the table also provides information 
about the legislation's estimated effects on spending subject 
to appropriation and on intergovernmental and private-sector 
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                                          Spending
                                                                                 Last                          Direct  spending,   Revenues,  2025-     subject  to     Pay-as-you-go      Budgetary
     Bill number                 Title                      Status              action     Budget  function        2025-2034             2034          appropriation,     procedures     effects  after      Mandates         Contact
                                                                                                                                                         2025-2029          apply?            2034
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H.R. 1586...........  Forest Protection and       Ordered reported..........   11/15/23                 300                   0                   0    Not estimated               No               No              Yes    Lilia Ledezma
                       Wildland Firefighter
                       Safety Act of 2023.
                      H.R. 1586 would authorize federal, state, local, and tribal firefighting agencies to use approved fire retardants to prevent and suppress wildfires without first obtaining a National Pollutant Discharge
                       Elimination System permit. The bill also would prohibit state courts from issuing injunctions against state or tribal entities' dispersal of aerial fire retardants as part of wildfire suppression or control.
                       CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 1586 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill would impose an intergovernmental
                       mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) that would not exceed the annual threshold established in UMRA ($100 million in 2024, adjusted annually for inflation). The bill contains no
                       private-sector mandates as defined in UMRA.
H.R. 1720...........  Ocean Pollution Reduction   Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 300                   0                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No   Aurora Swanson
                       Act II.
                      H.R. 1720 would allow the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant in San Diego, California, to discharge water without applying for an exemption from the secondary treatment standards of the National Pollutant
                       Discharge Elimination System if plant meets certain conditions specified in the bill. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 1720 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's
                       effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 2892...........  WARN Act..................  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 800                   0                   0     Between zero               No               No               No          Matthew
                                                                                                                                                        and $500,000                                                            Pickford
                      H.R. 2892 would require the Government Accountability Office within 18 months of enactment to study and report on the effectiveness of the nation's weather emergency alert systems. CBO estimates that enacting
                       H.R. 2892 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would increase spending subject to appropriation by less than $500,000 over the 2025-2029 period. The bill
                       contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 3149...........  A bill to designate United  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 400                   0                   0     Between zero               No               No               No     Kelly Durand
                       States Route 20 in the                                                                                                           and $500,000
                       States of Oregon, Idaho,
                       Montana, Wyoming,
                       Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois,
                       Indiana, Ohio,
                       Pennsylvania, New York,
                       and Massachusetts as the
                       ``National Medal of Honor
                       Highway,'' and for other
                       purposes.
                      H.R. 3149 would designate U.S. Route 20 as the National Medal of Honor Highway. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 3149 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would
                       increase spending subject to appropriation by less than $500,000 over the 2025-2029 period. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 3988...........  ARTICLE ONE Act...........  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 800   Between -$500,000                   0    Not estimated              Yes               No               No     Kelly Durand
                                                                                                                       and zero
                      H.R. 3988 would amend the National Emergencies Act to limit to 30 days the duration of any national emergency declared by the President unless the Congress subsequently approves or extends the declaration. The
                       bill also would require the President to report to the Congress periodically on the need for and status of declared emergencies. CBO cannot predict the number or timing of future declarations but expects that
                       most would be approved by the Congress. Under H.R. 3988 emergency declarations could have a shorter duration than under current law. If that happens direct spending related to such emergencies would decline;
                       CBO estimates any reduction in direct spending would be insignificant. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would not affect revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to
                       appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 4043...........  H.R. 4043, a bill to amend  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 300                   0                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No   Aurora Swanson
                       the Save Our Seas 2.0 Act
                       to expand eligibility for
                       certain wastewater
                       infrastructure grants,
                       and for other purposes.
                      H.R. 4043 would expand eligibility for certain wastewater infrastructure grants administered by the Environmental Protection Agency. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 4043 would not affect direct spending or
                       revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 6241...........  FULL Act..................  Ordered reported..........   11/15/23                 800    Between zero and                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No          Matthew
                                                                                                                       $500,000                                                                                                 Pickford
                      H.R. 6241 would require federal agencies that have lease agreements with the General Services Administration (GSA) to annually report to GSA on their monthly use and occupancy rates. Under the bill, agencies
                       would be required to return space to GSA if occupancy falls below 60 percent for six months over any one-year period. Enacting H.R. 6241 could increase direct spending by some agencies that are allowed to use
                       fees, receipts from the sale of goods, and other collections to cover operating costs. CBO estimates that any net changes in direct spending by those agencies would be negligible because most of them can
                       adjust amounts collected to reflect changes in operating costs. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 6241 would have no effect on revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to
                       appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 6984...........  A bill to designate the     Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 800                   0                   0     Between zero               No               No               No          Matthew
                       Federal building located                                                                                                         and $500,000                                                            Pickford
                       at 300 E. 3rd Street in
                       North Platte, Nebraska,
                       as the ``Virginia Smith
                       Federal Building,'' and
                       for other purposes.
                      H.R. 6984 would designate the federal building located at 300 E. 3rd Street in North Platte, Nebraska, as the Virginia Smith Federal Building. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 6984 would not affect direct
                       spending or revenues. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would increase spending subject to appropriation by less than $500,000 over the 2025-2029 period. The bill contains no intergovernmental or
                       private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 7671...........  Disaster Management Costs   Ordered reported..........   09/25/24                 450                   0                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No        Jon Sperl
                       Modernization Act.
                      H.R. 7671 would allow state and local governments that receive disaster assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency to repurpose unused funds that originally were allocated for management costs.
                       State and local governments could use the funds to increase their administrative capacity to prepare for, recover from, or mitigate the effects of disasters. Under current law, unused funds are returned to the
                       Disaster Relief Fund. Under the bill, those governments could retain unused funds for up to five years for disasters that are declared on or after the bill's enactment date. CBO estimates that enacting H.R.
                       7671 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in
                       the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 7779...........  Good Samaritan Remediation  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 300    Between zero and                   0    Not estimated              Yes    Insignificant               No   Aurora Swanson
                       of Abandoned Hardrock                                                                           $500,000
                       Mines Act of 2024.
                      H.R. 7779 would establish a Good Samaritan pilot program and authorize the Environmental Protection Agency to issue permits for projects to remediate mine residue at abandoned hardrock mine sites. The bill
                       would establish a remediation fund for federal agencies to administer projects carried out by Good Samaritans (entities that are not current owners or operators of an abandoned site; had no role in the
                       creation of the mine residue; and are not potentially liable under any law for the remediation, treatment, or control of the mine residue). The spending would be funded by appropriations and by deposits from
                       nonfederal sources, such as donations, agreements for long-term operations and maintenance costs, and insurance proceeds if a Good Samaritan fails to complete a project. The bill also would waive the
                       applicability of all other laws with respect to the use of the fund, including the Antideficiency Act, which could allow amounts to be obligated before expected deposits into the fund are received. However,
                       CBO expects that spending of any such advance obligations would be constrained by amounts ultimately deposited into the fund. On that basis, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 7779 would increase net direct
                       spending by less than $500,000 over the 2025-2034 period and have no effect on revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or
                       private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 8505...........  Household Goods Shipping    Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 400                   0    Between zero and    Not estimated              Yes               No               No     Zunara Naeem
                       Consumer Protection Act.                                                                                            $500,000
                      H.R. 8505 would allow the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to assess penalties for entities that illegally ship household goods. The bill also would allow states to enforce and collect fines on such
                       entities. As a result, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8505 could increase revenues because those penalties are recorded in the budget as revenues. Because the number of entities affected is likely to be
                       small, CBO estimates that the increase in revenues would be less than $500,000 over the 2025-2034 period. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would have no effect on direct spending. CBO has not estimated the
                       bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 8530...........  Improving Federal Building  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 800    Between zero and                   0    Not estimated              Yes               No               No          Matthew
                       Security Act of 2024.                                                                           $500,000                                                                                                 Pickford
                      H.R. 8530 would require federal agencies to respond within 90 days to recommendations by the Federal Protective Service, within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), concerning building security. Agencies
                       could adopt or reject those recommendations but would need to explain their rejections. The bill would require DHS to track recommendations and responses and to report annually to the Congress concerning all
                       recommendations. Enacting H.R. 8530 could increase direct spending by some agencies that are allowed to use fees, receipts from the sale of goods, and other collections to cover operating costs. CBO estimates
                       that any net changes in direct spending by those agencies would be negligible because most of them can adjust amounts collected to reflect changes in operating costs. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8530
                       would have no effect on revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded
                       Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 8692...........  The Amtrak Transparency     Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 400                   0                   0                0               No               No              Yes     Zunara Naeem
                       and Accountability for
                       Passengers and Taxpayer
                       Act.
                      H.R. 8692 would require Amtrak to hold open meetings in accordance with current requirements for most federal agencies. Because Amtrak is considered a nonfederal entity, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8692
                       would have no effect on the federal budget. The bill would impose a private-sector mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) that would not exceed the annual threshold established in UMRA
                       ($200 million in 2024, adjusted annually for inflation). The bill contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined in UMRA.
H.R. 8995...........  Baby Changing on Board Act  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 400                   0                   0                0               No               No              Yes     Kelly Durand
                      H.R. 8995 would require Amtrak trains purchased after the bill's enactment to include baby-changing tables in all train restrooms that are subject to the requirements of the Americans With Disabilities Act of
                       1990. Because Amtrak is considered a nonfederal entity, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 8995 would have no effect on the federal budget. The bill would impose a private-sector mandate as defined in the
                       Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) that would not exceed the threshold established in UMRA ($200 million in 2024, adjusted annually for inflation). The bill contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined
                       in UMRA.
H.R. 9024...........  Extreme Weather and Heat    Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 450                   0                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No        Jon Sperl
                       Response Modernization
                       Act.
                      H.R. 9024 would require the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to issue guidance for disaster relief programs concerning extreme-temperature events and to consider innovative preparedness and mitigation
                       projects for such disasters in its grantmaking. The bill also would require FEMA to convene an advisory panel to review the definition of incident periods for extreme-temperature events and to issue
                       regulations revising those periods. Finally, the bill would require FEMA to study the effects of extreme-temperature disasters, develop guidance and best practices for responding to such events, and report to
                       the Congress. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9024 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no
                       intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 9313...........  Think Differently About     Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 800                   0                   0     Between zero               No               No               No          Matthew
                       Building Accessibility                                                                                                           and $500,000                                                            Pickford
                       Act.
                      H.R. 9313 would direct the Government Accountability Office to report to the Congress concerning accessibility for people with disabilities in all office buildings controlled by the General Services
                       Administration. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9313 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would increase spending subject to appropriation by less than
                       $500,000 over the 2025-2029 period. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 9541...........  POWER Act of 2024.........  Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 450                   0                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No        Jon Sperl
                      H.R. 9541 would authorize electric utilities that receive disaster assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency for emergency power restoration to implement mitigation activities as part of power
                       restoration. Those actions would not disqualify utilities from receiving mitigation assistance under the Public Assistance Program. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9541 would not affect direct spending or
                       revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
H.R. 9591...........  A bill to require the       Ordered reported..........   09/18/24                 800   Between -$500,000                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No    Emma Uebelhor
                       Administrator of General                                                                        and zero
                       Services to sell certain
                       property related to
                       United States
                       Penitentiary,
                       Leavenworth, and for
                       other purposes.
                      H.R. 9591 would require the General Services Administration (GSA) to sell any property in the State of Missouri associated with the Federal Correctional Institution, Leavenworth, which is located in Kansas. Net
                       proceeds from the sale would be deposited into the Federal Buildings Fund and recorded in the budget as offsetting receipts (that is, as reductions in direct spending). Using information from GSA, CBO
                       estimates that the property could be sold for about $500,000; therefore, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9591 would decrease direct spending by an insignificant amount. CBO estimates that enacting the bill
                       would not affect revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates
                       Reform Act.
H.R. 9750...........  Natural Disaster Recovery   Ordered reported..........   09/25/24                 450                   0                   0    Not estimated               No               No               No        Jon Sperl
                       Program Act of 2024.
                      H.R. 9750 would create a Natural Disaster Recovery Fund, to be administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, from which the agency would make grants to state and tribal governments to cover unmet
                       needs following major disasters. Those governments would determine how funds are spent. The bill also would expand the availability of disaster assistance for housing repairs and require several reports
                       related to disaster recovery programs. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9750 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. The
                       bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    Performance Goals and Objectives

    With respect to the requirement of clause 3(c)(4) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the 
performance goal and objective of this legislation is to 
provide apply the Sunshine Act to Amtrak's Board of Directors.

                    Duplication of Federal Programs

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee finds that no provision 
of H.R. 8692 establishes or reauthorizes a program of the 
Federal government known to be duplicative of another Federal 
program, a program that was included in any report from the 
Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to 
section 21 of Public Law 111-139, or a program related to a 
program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal 
Domestic Assistance.

   Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff 
                                Benefits

    In compliance with clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, this bill, as reported, contains no 
congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff 
benefits as defined in clause 9(e), 9(f), or 9(g) of the rule 
XXI.

                       Federal Mandates Statement

    The Committee adopts as its own the estimate of Federal 
mandates prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget 
Office pursuant to section 423 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act (Public Law 104-4).

                        Preemption Clarification

    Section 423 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 
requires the report of any Committee on a bill or joint 
resolution to include a statement on the extent to which the 
bill or joint resolution is intended to preempt state, local, 
or tribal law. The Committee finds that H.R. 8692 does not 
preempt any state, local, or tribal law.

                      Advisory Committee Statement

    No advisory committees within the definition of Section 
5(b) of the appendix to Title 5, United States Code, are 
created by this legislation.

                  Applicability to Legislative Branch

    The Committee finds that the legislation does not relate to 
the terms and conditions of employment or access to public 
services or accommodations within the meaning of section 
102(b)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 
104-1).

             Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation


Section 1. Short title

    This section states that this Act may be cited as the 
``Amtrak Transparency and Accountability for Passengers and 
Taxpayers Act.''

Section 2. Open meetings

    This section applies Sunshine Act open meetings 
requirements [5 U.S.C. 552b] with a public virtual observation 
option to meetings of Amtrak's Board of Directors and includes 
clarifying language that Amtrak may hold closed meetings to 
discuss certain sensitive business matters the disclosure of 
which may imperil or compromise the competitive position of 
Amtrak, matters related to collective bargaining and personal 
privacy.

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

    In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italic, existing law in which no change is 
proposed is shown in roman):

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no 
change is proposed is shown in roman):

                      TITLE 49, UNITED STATES CODE



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SUBTITLE V--RAIL PROGRAMS

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PART C--PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

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CHAPTER 243--AMTRAK

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Sec. 24301. Status and applicable laws

  (a) Status.--Amtrak--
          (1) is a railroad carrier under section 20102(2) and 
        chapters 261 and 281 of this title;
          (2) shall be operated and managed as a for-profit 
        corporation; and
          (3) is not a department, agency, or instrumentality 
        of the United States Government, and shall not be 
        subject to title 31.
  (b) Principal Office and Place of Business.--The principal 
office and place of business of Amtrak are in the District of 
Columbia. Amtrak is qualified to do business in each State in 
which Amtrak carries out an activity authorized under this 
part. Amtrak shall accept service of process by certified mail 
addressed to the secretary of Amtrak at its principal office 
and place of business. Amtrak is a citizen only of the District 
of Columbia when deciding original jurisdiction of the district 
courts of the United States in a civil action.
  (c) Application of Subtitle IV.--Subtitle IV of this title 
shall not apply to Amtrak, except for sections 11123, 11301, 
11322(a), 11502, and 11706. Notwithstanding the preceding 
sentence, Amtrak shall continue to be considered an employer 
under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, the Railroad 
Unemployment Insurance Act, and the Railroad Retirement Tax 
Act.
  (d) Application of Safety and Employee Relations Laws and 
Regulations.--Laws and regulations governing safety, employee 
representation for collective bargaining purposes, the handling 
of disputes between carriers and employees, employee 
retirement, annuity, and unemployment systems, and other 
dealings with employees that apply to a rail carrier subject to 
part A of subtitle IV of this title apply to Amtrak.
  (e) Application of Certain Additional Laws.--[Section 552 of 
title 5, this part]
          (1) In general._Except as provided in paragraph (3), 
        sections 552 and 552b of title 5, this part, and, to 
        the extent consistent with this part, the District of 
        Columbia Business Corporation Act (D.C. Code Sec.  29-
        301 et seq.) apply to Amtrak. [Section 552 of title 5, 
        United States Code, applies]
          (2) Timing of application.--Except as provided in 
        paragraph (3), sections 552 and 552b of title 5 apply 
        to Amtrak for any fiscal year in which Amtrak receives 
        a Federal subsidy.
          (3) Scope of application.--
                  (A) Information.--The requirements of the 
                second sentence of section 552b(b) of title 5 
                shall not apply to any portion of an Amtrak 
                meeting and subsections (d) and (e) of section 
                552b of title 5 shall not apply to any 
                information pertaining to any portion of an 
                Amtrak meeting otherwise required by section 
                552b of title 5 to be disclosed to the public 
                in any case in which Amtrak properly determines 
                that such portion or portions of the meeting or 
                the disclosure of such information is likely to 
                involve--
                          (i) contract negotiations, including 
                        negotiations for contract procurements 
                        and agreements, the disclosure of which 
                        would imperil or compromise the 
                        competitive position of Amtrak;
                          (ii) collective bargaining agreements 
                        or any terms and conditions that are 
                        proposed for inclusion in any 
                        collective bargaining agreement, 
                        including the negotiation of terms and 
                        conditions with employees or 
                        representatives of employees of Amtrak; 
                        and
                          (iii) with respect to any individual 
                        who is a prospective officer, employee, 
                        or contractor or an officer, employee, 
                        or contractor employed or appointed by 
                        Amtrak, matters involving the 
                        employment, appointment, termination of 
                        employment, terms and conditions of 
                        employment, evaluation of the 
                        performance of, promotion or 
                        disciplining of any such individual, 
                        unless all such individuals whose 
                        rights could be adversely affected 
                        request in writing that the matter or 
                        matters be discussed at a public 
                        meeting.
                  (B) Additional application.--In addition to 
                the information described in subparagraph (B), 
                the information described in section 552b(c) 
                shall apply to Amtrak meetings.
  (f) Tax Exemption for Certain Commuter Authorities.--A 
commuter authority that was eligible to make a contract with 
Amtrak Commuter to provide commuter rail passenger 
transportation but which decided to provide its own rail 
passenger transportation beginning January 1, 1983, is exempt, 
effective October 1, 1981, from paying a tax or fee to the same 
extent Amtrak is exempt.
  (g) Nonapplication of Rate, Route, and Service Laws.--A State 
or other law related to rates, routes, or service does not 
apply to Amtrak in connection with rail passenger 
transportation.
  (h) Nonapplication of Pay Period Laws.--A State or local law 
related to pay periods or days for payment of employees does 
not apply to Amtrak. Except when otherwise provided under a 
collective bargaining agreement, an employee of Amtrak shall be 
paid at least as frequently as the employee was paid on October 
1, 1979.
  (i) Preemption Related to Employee Work Requirements.--A 
State may not adopt or continue in force a law, rule, 
regulation, order, or standard requiring Amtrak to employ a 
specified number of individuals to perform a particular task, 
function, or operation.
  (j) Nonapplication of Laws on Joint Use or Operation of 
Facilities and Equipment.--Prohibitions of law applicable to an 
agreement for the joint use or operation of facilities and 
equipment necessary to provide quick and efficient rail 
passenger transportation do not apply to a person making an 
agreement with Amtrak to the extent necessary to allow the 
person to make and carry out obligations under the agreement.
  (k) Exemption From Additional Taxes.--(1) In this 
subsection--
          (A) ``additional tax'' means a tax or fee--
                  (i) on the acquisition, improvement, 
                ownership, or operation of personal property by 
                Amtrak; and
                  (ii) on real property, except a tax or fee on 
                the acquisition of real property or on the 
                value of real property not attributable to 
                improvements made, or the operation of those 
                improvements, by Amtrak.
          (B) ``Amtrak'' includes a rail carrier subsidiary of 
        Amtrak and a lessor or lessee of Amtrak or one of its 
        rail carrier subsidiaries.
  (2) Amtrak is not required to pay an additional tax because 
of an expenditure to acquire or improve real property, 
equipment, a facility, or right-of-way material or structures 
used in providing rail passenger transportation, even if that 
use is indirect.
  (l) Exemption From Taxes Levied After September 30, 1981.--
(1) In general.--Amtrak, a rail carrier subsidiary of Amtrak, 
and any passenger or other customer of Amtrak or such 
subsidiary, are exempt from a tax, fee, head charge, or other 
charge, imposed or levied by a State, political subdivision, or 
local taxing authority on Amtrak, a rail carrier subsidiary of 
Amtrak, or on persons traveling in intercity rail passenger 
transportation or on mail or express transportation provided by 
Amtrak or such a subsidiary, or on the carriage of such 
persons, mail, or express, or on the sale of any such 
transportation, or on the gross receipts derived therefrom 
after September 30, 1981. In the case of a tax or fee that 
Amtrak was required to pay as of September 10, 1982, Amtrak is 
not exempt from such tax or fee if it was assessed before April 
1, 1997.
  (2) The district courts of the United States have original 
jurisdiction over a civil action Amtrak brings to enforce this 
subsection and may grant equitable or declaratory relief 
requested by Amtrak.
  (m) Waste Disposal.--(1) An intercity rail passenger car 
manufactured after October 14, 1990, shall be built to provide 
for the discharge of human waste only at a servicing facility. 
Amtrak shall retrofit each of its intercity rail passenger cars 
that was manufactured after May 1, 1971, and before October 15, 
1990, with a human waste disposal system that provides for the 
discharge of human waste only at a servicing facility. Subject 
to appropriations--
          (A) the retrofit program shall be completed not later 
        than October 15, 2001; and
          (B) a car that does not provide for the discharge of 
        human waste only at a servicing facility shall be 
        removed from service after that date.
  (2) Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
264) and other laws of the United States, States, and local 
governments do not apply to waste disposal from rail carrier 
vehicles operated in intercity rail passenger transportation. 
The district courts of the United States have original 
jurisdiction over a civil action Amtrak brings to enforce this 
paragraph and may grant equitable or declaratory relief 
requested by Amtrak.
  (n) Rail Transportation Treated Equally.--When authorizing 
transportation in the continental United States for an officer, 
employee, or member of the uniformed services of a department, 
agency, or instrumentality of the Government, the head of that 
department, agency, or instrumentality shall consider rail 
transportation (including transportation by extra-fare trains) 
the same as transportation by another authorized mode. The 
Administrator of General Services shall include Amtrak in the 
contract air program of the Administrator in markets in which 
transportation provided by Amtrak is competitive with other 
carriers on fares and total trip times.
  (o) Applicability of District of Columbia Law.--Any lease or 
contract entered into between Amtrak and the State of Maryland, 
or any department or agency of the State of Maryland, after the 
date of the enactment of this subsection shall be governed by 
the laws of the District of Columbia.

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