[House Report 118-305]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


118th Congress }                                          { REPORT 
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session   }                                          { 118-305

======================================================================
 
              PROMOTING RESILIENT BUILDINGS ACT OF 2023

                                _______
                                

 December 11, 2023.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on 
            the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

   Mr. Graves of Missouri, from the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 5473]

    The Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, to whom 
was referred the bill (H.R. 5473) to amend certain laws 
relating to disaster recovery and relief with respect to the 
implementation of building codes, and for other purposes, 
having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with an 
amendment and recommends that the bill as amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Purpose of Legislation...........................................     3
Background and Need for Legislation..............................     3
Hearings.........................................................     3
Legislative History and Consideration............................     3
Committee Votes..................................................     5
Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations.................     6
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures........................     6
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................     6
Performance Goals and Objectives.................................     6
Duplication of Federal Programs..................................     6
Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff 
  Benefits.......................................................     7
Federal Mandates Statement.......................................     7
Preemption Clarification.........................................     7
Advisory Committee Statement.....................................     7
Applicability to Legislative Branch..............................     7
Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation...................     7
    Section 1: Short title.......................................     7
    Section 2: Predisaster Hazard Mitigation.....................     7
    Section 3: Hazard Mitigation Revolving Loan Fund Program.....     7
    Section 4: Residential Retrofit and Resilient Pilot Program..     8
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............     8

    The amendment is as follows:
  Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the ``Promoting Resilient Buildings Act of 
2023''.

SEC. 2. PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION.

  Section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
  ``(m) Latest Published Editions.--For purposes of subsections 
(e)(1)(B)(iv) and (g)(10), the term `latest published editions' means, 
with respect to relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and 
standards, the 2 most recently published editions.''.

SEC. 3. HAZARD MITIGATION REVOLVING LOAN FUND PROGRAM.

  Section 205(f)(5) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5135(f)(5)) is amended--
          (1) in the paragraph heading by striking ``Establishing'' and 
        insert ``Implementing'';
          (2) by striking ``establish'' and insert ``implement'';
          (3) by inserting ``2'' after ``latest''; and
          (4) by inserting ``, including any amendments made by State, 
        local, Tribal, or territorial governments to such codes, 
        specifications, and standards,'' after ``standards''.

SEC. 4. RESIDENTIAL RETROFIT AND RESILIENCE PILOT PROGRAM.

  (a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency shall carry out a residential resilience pilot 
program through the program established under section 203 of the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5133) to make available assistance to States and local governments for 
the purpose of providing grants to individuals for residential 
resilience retrofits.
  (b) Amount of Funds.--The Administrator may use not more than 10 
percent of the assistance made available to applicants on an annual 
basis under section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) to provide assistance under 
this section.
  (c) Timeline.--The Administrator shall establish the pilot program 
under this section not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act and the program shall terminate on September 30, 2026.
  (d) Priority.--In carrying out the pilot program under this section, 
the Administrator shall ensure that a State or local government 
receiving assistance under the program provides grants to individuals 
that demonstrate financial need.
  (e) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate a report that includes--
          (1) a summary of the grant awards and projects carried out 
        under this section;
          (2) a detailed compilation of results achieved by the grant 
        awards and projects carried out under this section, including 
        the number of homes receiving retrofits, the types and average 
        costs of retrofits, demographic information for participants in 
        the program, and estimate avoidance in disaster impacts and 
        Federal disaster payments as a result of the grant investments; 
        and
          (3) any identified implementation challenges and 
        recommendations for improvements to the pilot program.
  (f) Applicability.--This section shall only apply to amounts 
appropriated on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
  (g) Residential Resilient Retrofits Defined.--
          (1) In general.--In this section, the term ``residential 
        resilient retrofits'' means a project that--
                  (A) is designed to increase the resilience of an 
                existing home or residence using mitigation measures 
                which the administrator determines reduce damage and 
                impacts from natural disaster hazards and risks that 
                are most likely to occur in the area where the home is 
                located; and
                  (B) to the extent applicable, are consistent with the 
                2 most recently published editions of relevant 
                consensus-based codes, specifications, and standards, 
                including any amendments made by State, local, tribal, 
                or territorial governments to such codes, 
                specifications, and standards that incorporate the 
                latest hazard-resistant designs and establish criteria 
                for the design, construction, and maintenance of 
                residential structures and facilities that may be 
                eligible for assistance under the Robert T. Stafford 
                Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                5121 et seq.) for the purpose of protecting the health, 
                safety, and general welfare of the buildings' users 
                against disasters.
          (2) Inclusion.--In this section, the term ``residential 
        resilient retrofits'' includes--
                  (A) elevations of homes and elevations of utilities 
                within and around structures to mitigate damages;
                  (B) floodproofing measures;
                  (C) the construction of tornado safe rooms;
                  (D) seismic retrofits;
                  (E) wildfire retrofit and mitigation measures;
                  (F) wind retrofits, including roof replacements, 
                hurricane straps, and tie-downs; and
                  (G) any other measures that meet the requirements of 
                paragraph (1), as determined by the Administrator.

                         Purpose of Legislation

    The purpose of H.R. 5473, as amended, is to amend certain 
laws relating to disaster recovery and relief with respect to 
the implementation of building codes, and for other purposes.

                  Background and Need for Legislation

    H.R. 5473, as amended, amends Section 203 of Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford 
Act) to extend the definition for latest published editions of 
building codes, which was enacted by the Disaster Recovery 
Reform Act (DRRA) of 2018. It ensures that the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will continue to consider 
the two latest published editions of building codes when 
providing assistance authorized by section 203 of the Stafford 
Act. This legislation also amends the hazard mitigation 
revolving loan fund program authorized in Section 205 of the 
Stafford Act to ensure the definition for the latest published 
edition of building codes includes the last two editions.
    H.R. 5473, as amended, also establishes a pilot program for 
States to provide pre-disaster mitigation assistance to 
individual homeowners to reduce the impact and costs of future 
disasters.

                                Hearings

    For the purposes of rule XIII, clause 3(c)(6)(A) of the 
118th Congress, the following hearing was used to develop or 
consider H.R. 5473:
    On May 17, 2023, the Subcommittee on Economic Development, 
Public Buildings, and Emergency Management of the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure held a hearing entitled, 
``The Impacts of FEMA's Strategic Plan on Disaster Preparedness 
and Response.'' The hearing discussed FEMA's Strategic Plan 
(2022-2026), its goals, and how it impacts the agency's mission 
and disaster preparedness and response. The Subcommittee 
received testimony from Erik Hooks, Deputy Administrator, 
Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Department 
of Homeland Security; and Chris Currie, Director of Homeland 
Security and Justice, United States Government Accountability 
Office.

                 Legislative History and Consideration

    H.R. 5473 was introduced in the United States House of 
Representatives on September 14, 2023, by Representative Chuck 
Edwards of North Carolina and referred to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure. Within the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure, H.R. 5473 was referred to 
the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and 
Emergency Management. The Subcommittee on Economic Development, 
Public Buildings, and Emergency Management was discharged from 
further consideration of H.R. 5473 on November 15, 2023.
    The Committee considered H.R. 5473 on November 15, 2023, 
and ordered the measure to be reported to the House with a 
favorable recommendation, with amendment, by voice vote.
    The following amendments were offered:
    An Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 5473 
offered by Mr. Edwards of North Carolina, (ANS D), as amended, 
was AGREED TO by voice vote.
    An amendment to the Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute 
to H.R. 5473, offered by Mr. Larsen of Washington (Larsen 11) 
(ANS D1); Page 1, line 9, insert ``, (f)(4),'' after 
``(e)(1)(B)(iv)''. Add at the end the following: SEC. 4. 
BUILDING CODE IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT SET ASIDE. (a) IN 
GENERAL.--Section 203(f) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133(f)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: ``(4) BUILDING CODE 
IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT SET ASIDE.-- ``(A) IN GENERAL.--
Of the amounts made available under this section for any given 
year, the President may use not less than 10 percent to carry 
out activities eligible under this section that further the 
implementation and enforcement of the latest published editions 
of relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and 
standards, including any amendments made by State, local, 
Tribal, or territorial governments to such codes, 
specifications, and standards, that incorporate the latest 
hazard-resistant designs and establish minimum acceptable 
criteria for the design, construction, and maintenance of 
facilities and residential structures for which assistance may 
be available under this Act. In any fiscal year in which 
requests for assistance for such activities do not total at 
least 10 percent of amounts made available under this section, 
any remaining funds may be used as additional assistance for 
the purposes of paragraph (1). ``(B) SUNSET.--The authority 
under this paragraph shall terminate on the date that is 8 
years after the date of enactment of this paragraph.''. (b) 
APPLICABILITY.--The amendments made by this section shall only 
apply to amounts appropriated on or after the date of enactment 
of this Act.; was WITHDRAWN.
    An amendment to the Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute 
to H.R. 5473, offered by Mr. Larsen of Washington on behalf of 
Ms. Titus of Nevada (Titus 012 Rev. 1) (ANS D2); Add at the end 
the following: SEC. 4. RESIDENTIAL RETROFIT AND RESILIENCE 
PILOT PROGRAM. (a) ESTABLISHMENT.--The Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency shall carry out a 
residential resilience pilot program through the program 
established under section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 85133) 
to make available assistance to States and local governments 
for the purpose of providing grants to individuals for 
residential resilience retrofits. (b) AMOUNT OF FUNDS.--The 
Administrator may use not more than 10 percent of the 
assistance made available to applicants on an annual basis 
under section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) to provide assistance 
under this section. (c) TIMELINE.--The Administrator shall 
establish the pilot program under this section not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this Act and the program 
shall terminate on September 30, 2026. (d) PRIORITY.--In 
carrying out the pilot program under this section, the 
Administrator shall ensure that a State or local government 
receiving assistance under the program provides grants to 
individuals that demonstrate financial need. (e) REPORT.--Not 
later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate a report that includes--(1) a summary of the grant 
awards and projects carried out under this section; (2) a 
detailed compilation of results achieved by the grant awards 
and projects carried out under this section, including the 
number of homes receiving retrofits, the types and average 
costs of retrofits, demographic information for participants in 
the program, and estimate avoidance in disaster impacts and 
Federal disaster payments as a result of the grant investments; 
and (3) any identified implementation challenges and 
recommendations for improvements to the pilot program. (f) 
APPLICABILITY.--This section shall only apply to amounts 
appropriated on or after the date of enactment of this Act. (g) 
RESIDENTIAL RESILIENT RETROFITS DEFINED.--(1) IN GENERAL.--In 
this section, the term ``residential resilient retrofits'' 
means a project that--(A) is designed to increase the 
resilience of an existing home or residence using mitigation 
measures which the administrator determines reduce damage and 
impacts from natural disaster hazards and risks that are most 
likely to occur in the area where the home is located; and (B) 
to the extent applicable, are consistent with the most recently 
published editions of relevant consensus-based codes, 
specifications, and standards, including any amendments made by 
State, local, tribal, or territorial governments to such codes, 
specifications, and standards that incorporate the latest 
hazard-resistant designs and establish criteria for the design, 
construction, and maintenance of residential structures and 
facilities that may be eligible for assistance under the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) for the purpose of protecting the health, 
safety, and general welfare of the buildings' users against 
disasters. (2) INCLUSION.--In this section, the term 
``residential resilient retrofits'' includes--(A) elevations of 
homes and elevations of utilities within and around structures 
to mitigate damages; (B) floodproofing measures; (C) the 
construction of tornado safe rooms; (D) seismic retrofits; (E) 
wildfire retrofit and mitigation measures; (F) wind retrofits, 
including roof replacements, hurricane straps, and tie-downs; 
and (G) any other measures that meet the requirements of 
paragraph (1), as determined by the Administrator.; was AGREED 
TO by voice vote.

                            Committee Votes

    Clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives requires each committee report to include the 
total number of votes cast for and against on each record vote 
on a motion to report and on any amendment offered to the 
measure or matter, and the names of those members voting for 
and against.
    No recorded votes were taken during consideration of H.R. 
5473, as amended.

            Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations

    With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(1) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the 
Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are 
reflected in this report.

               New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures

    With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 
308(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and with respect 
to requirements of clause (3)(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives and section 402 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee has requested 
but has not received a cost estimate for this bill from the 
Director of Congressional Budget Office. The Committee has also 
requested but not received from the Director of the 
Congressional Budget Office a statement as to whether this bill 
contains any new budget authority, spending authority, credit 
authority, or an increase or decrease in revenues or tax 
expenditures.
    With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 
308(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and with respect 
to requirements of clause (3)(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives and section 402 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 when available the Committee 
will adopt as its own the cost estimate prepared by the 
Director of the Congressional Budget Office pursuant to section 
402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.

               Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

    Pursuant to clause 3(d)(1) of House rule XIII, when 
available the Committee will adopt as its own the cost estimate 
prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
pursuant to section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974.

                    Performance Goals and Objectives

    With respect to the requirement of clause 3(c)(4) of rule 
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the 
performance goal and objective of this legislation is to ensure 
consistency throughout FEMA programs related to the definition 
of latest published edition of building codes.

                    Duplication of Federal Programs

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee finds that no provision 
of H.R. 5473, as amended establishes or reauthorizes a program 
of the Federal government known to be duplicative of another 
Federal program, a program that was included in any report from 
the Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to 
section 21 of Public Law 111-139, or a program related to a 
program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal 
Domestic Assistance.

   Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff 
                                Benefits

    In compliance with clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, this bill, as reported, contains no 
congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff 
benefits as defined in clause 9(e), 9(f), or 9(g) of the rule 
XXI.

                       Federal Mandates Statement

    When available the Committee will adopt as its own the 
estimate of Federal mandates prepared by the Director of the 
Congressional Budget Office pursuant to section 423 of the 
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (Public Law 104-4).

                        Preemption Clarification

    Section 423 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 
requires the report of any Committee on a bill or joint 
resolution to include a statement on the extent to which the 
bill or joint resolution is intended to preempt state, local, 
or tribal law. The Committee finds that H.R. 5473, as amended, 
does not preempt any state, local, or tribal law.

                      Advisory Committee Statement

    No advisory committees within the definition of Section 
5(b) of the appendix to Title 5, United States Code, are 
created by this legislation.

                  Applicability to Legislative Branch

    The Committee finds that the legislation does not relate to 
the terms and conditions of employment or access to public 
services or accommodations within the meaning of section 
102(b)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 
104-1).

             Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation


Section 1: Short title

    This section designates the short title of the Act as 
``Promoting Resilient Buildings Act of 2023''.

Section 2: Predisaster hazard mitigation

    This section extends a building code definition from the 
DRRA of 2018 and amends section 203 of the Stafford Act 
regarding the use of funds for pre-disaster mitigation. It 
defines the latest published editions of building codes to mean 
the two latest published editions of such codes.

Section 3: Hazard mitigation revolving loan fund program

    This section amends section 205(f)(5) of the Stafford Act 
to include the two most recent published editions of building 
codes, and any amendments made by State, local, Tribal, or 
territorial governments to such codes.

Section 4: Residential retrofit and resilient pilot program

    This section directs FEMA to establish a residential 
resilience pilot program under section 203 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5133) and make available assistance to States and local 
governments for the purpose of providing grants to individuals 
for residential resilience retrofits.

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no 
change is proposed is shown in roman):

    ROBERT T. STAFFORD DISASTER RELIEF AND EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE ACT




           *       *       *       *       *       *       *
TITLE II--DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION ASSISTANCE

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 203. PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION.

  (a) Definition of Small Impoverished Community.--In this 
section, the term ``small impoverished community'' means a 
community of 3,000 or fewer individuals that is economically 
disadvantaged, as determined by the State in which the 
community is located and based on criteria established by the 
President.
  (b) Establishment of Program.--The President may establish a 
program to provide technical and financial assistance to States 
and local governments to assist in the implementation of 
predisaster hazard mitigation measures that are cost-effective 
and are designed to reduce injuries, loss of life, and damage 
and destruction of property, including damage to critical 
services and facilities under the jurisdiction of the States or 
local governments.
  (c) Approval by President.--If the President determines that 
a State or local government has identified natural disaster 
hazards in areas under its jurisdiction and has demonstrated 
the ability to form effective public-private natural disaster 
hazard mitigation partnerships, the President, using amounts in 
the National Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Fund 
established under subsection (i) (referred to in this section 
as the ``Fund''), may provide technical and financial 
assistance to the State or local government to be used in 
accordance with subsection (e).
  (d) State Recommendations.--
          (1) In general.--
                  (A) Recommendations.--The Governor of each 
                State may recommend to the President not fewer 
                than five local governments to receive 
                assistance under this section.
                  (B) Deadline for submission.--The 
                recommendations under subparagraph (A) shall be 
                submitted to the President not later than 
                October 1, 2001, and each October 1st 
                thereafter or such later date in the year as 
                the President may establish.
                  (C) Criteria.--In making recommendations 
                under subparagraph (A), a Governor shall 
                consider the criteria specified in subsection 
                (g).
          (2) Use.--
                  (A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), in providing assistance to 
                local governments under this section, the 
                President shall select from local governments 
                recommended by the Governors under this 
                subsection.
                  (B) Extraordinary circumstances.--In 
                providing assistance to local governments under 
                this section, the President may select a local 
                government that has not been recommended by a 
                Governor under this subsection if the President 
                determines that extraordinary circumstances 
                justify the selection and that making the 
                selection will further the purpose of this 
                section.
          (3) Effect of failure to nominate.--If a Governor of 
        a State fails to submit recommendations under this 
        subsection in a timely manner, the President may 
        select, subject to the criteria specified in subsection 
        (g), any local governments of the State to receive 
        assistance under this section.
  (e) Uses of Technical and Financial Assistance.--
          (1) In general.--Technical and financial assistance 
        provided under this section--
                  (A) shall be used by States and local 
                governments principally to implement 
                predisaster hazard mitigation measures that are 
                cost-effective and are described in proposals 
                approved by the President under this section; 
                and
                  (B) may be used--
                          (i) to support effective public-
                        private natural disaster hazard 
                        mitigation partnerships;
                          (ii) to improve the assessment of a 
                        community's vulnerability to natural 
                        hazards;
                          (iii) to establish hazard mitigation 
                        priorities, and an appropriate hazard 
                        mitigation plan, for a community; or
                          (iv) to establish and carry out 
                        enforcement activities and implement 
                        the latest published editions of 
                        relevant consensus-based codes, 
                        specifications, and standards that 
                        incorporate the latest hazard-resistant 
                        designs and establish minimum 
                        acceptable criteria for the design, 
                        construction, and maintenance of 
                        residential structures and facilities 
                        that may be eligible for assistance 
                        under this Act for the purpose of 
                        protecting the health, safety, and 
                        general welfare of the buildings' users 
                        against disasters.
          (2) Dissemination.--A State or local government may 
        use not more than 10 percent of the financial 
        assistance received by the State or local government 
        under this section for a fiscal year to fund activities 
        to disseminate information regarding cost-effective 
        mitigation technologies.
  (f) Allocation of Funds.--
          (1) In general.--The President shall award financial 
        assistance under this section on a competitive basis 
        for mitigation activities that are cost effective and 
        in accordance with the criteria in subsection (g).
          (2) Minimum and maximum amounts.--In providing 
        financial assistance under this section, the President 
        shall ensure that the amount of financial assistance 
        made available to a State (including amounts made 
        available to local governments of the State) for a 
        fiscal year--
                  (A) is not less than the lesser of--
                          (i) $575,000; or
                          (ii) the amount that is equal to 1 
                        percent of the total funds appropriated 
                        to carry out this section for the 
                        fiscal year; and
                  (B) does not exceed the amount that is equal 
                to 15 percent of the total funds appropriated 
                to carry out this section for the fiscal year.
          (3) Redistribution of unobligated amounts.--The 
        President may--
                  (A) withdraw amounts of financial assistance 
                made available to a State (including amounts 
                made available to local governments of a State) 
                under this subsection that remain unobligated 
                by the end of the third fiscal year after the 
                fiscal year for which the amounts were 
                allocated; and
                  (B) in the fiscal year following a fiscal 
                year in which amounts were withdrawn under 
                subparagraph (A), add the amounts to any other 
                amounts available to be awarded on a 
                competitive basis pursuant to paragraph (1).
  (g) Criteria for Assistance Awards.--In determining whether 
to provide technical and financial assistance to a State or 
local government under this section, the President shall 
provide financial assistance only in States that have received 
a major disaster declaration in the previous 7 years, or to any 
Indian tribal government located partially or entirely within 
the boundaries of such States, and take into account--
          (1) the extent and nature of the hazards to be 
        mitigated;
          (2) the degree of commitment of the State or local 
        government to reduce damages from future natural 
        disasters;
          (3) the degree of commitment by the State or local 
        government to support ongoing non-Federal support for 
        the hazard mitigation measures to be carried out using 
        the technical and financial assistance;
          (4) the extent to which the hazard mitigation 
        measures to be carried out using the technical and 
        financial assistance contribute to the mitigation goals 
        and priorities established by the State;
          (5) the extent to which the technical and financial 
        assistance is consistent with other assistance provided 
        under this Act;
          (6) the extent to which prioritized, cost-effective 
        mitigation activities that produce meaningful and 
        definable outcomes are clearly identified;
          (7) if the State or local government has submitted a 
        mitigation plan under section 322, the extent to which 
        the activities identified under paragraph (6) are 
        consistent with the mitigation plan;
          (8) the opportunity to fund activities that maximize 
        net benefits to society;
          (9) the extent to which assistance will fund 
        mitigation activities in small impoverished 
        communities;
          (10) the extent to which the State, local, Indian 
        tribal, or territorial government has facilitated the 
        adoption and enforcement of the latest published 
        editions of relevant consensus-based codes, 
        specifications, and standards, including amendments 
        made by State, local, Indian tribal, or territorial 
        governments during the adoption process that 
        incorporate the latest hazard-resistant designs and 
        establish criteria for the design, construction, and 
        maintenance of residential structures and facilities 
        that may be eligible for assistance under this Act for 
        the purpose of protecting the health, safety, and 
        general welfare of the buildings' users against 
        disasters;
          (11) the extent to which the assistance will fund 
        activities that increase the level of resiliency; and
          (12) such other criteria as the President establishes 
        in consultation with State and local governments.
  (h) Federal Share.--
          (1) In general.--Financial assistance provided under 
        this section may contribute up to 75 percent of the 
        total cost of mitigation activities approved by the 
        President.
          (2) Small impoverished communities.--Notwithstanding 
        paragraph (1), the President may contribute up to 90 
        percent of the total cost of a mitigation activity 
        carried out in a small impoverished community.
  (i) National Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation 
Assistance.--
          (1) In general.--The President may set aside from the 
        Disaster Relief Fund, with respect to each major 
        disaster, an amount equal to 6 percent of the estimated 
        aggregate amount of the grants to be made pursuant to 
        sections 403, 406, 407, 408, 410, 416, and 428 for the 
        major disaster in order to provide technical and 
        financial assistance under this section and such set 
        aside shall be deemed to be related to activities 
        carried out pursuant to major disasters under this Act.
          (2) Estimated aggregate amount.--Not later than 180 
        days after each major disaster declaration pursuant to 
        this Act, the estimated aggregate amount of grants for 
        purposes of paragraph (1) shall be determined by the 
        President and such estimated amount need not be 
        reduced, increased, or changed due to variations in 
        estimates.
          (3) No reduction in amounts.--The amount set aside 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not reduce the amounts 
        otherwise made available for sections 403, 404, 406, 
        407, 408, 410, 416, and 428 under this Act.
  (j) Multihazard Advisory Maps.--
          (1) Definition of multihazard advisory map.--In this 
        subsection, the term ``multihazard advisory map'' means 
        a map on which hazard data concerning each type of 
        natural disaster is identified simultaneously for the 
        purpose of showing areas of hazard overlap.
          (2) Development of maps.--In consultation with 
        States, local governments, and appropriate Federal 
        agencies, the President shall develop multihazard 
        advisory maps for areas, in not fewer than five States, 
        that are subject to commonly recurring natural hazards 
        (including flooding, hurricanes and severe winds, and 
        seismic events).
          (3) Use of technology.--In developing multihazard 
        advisory maps under this subsection, the President 
        shall use, to the maximum extent practicable, the most 
        cost-effective and efficient technology available.
          (4) Use of maps.--
                  (A) Advisory nature.--The multihazard 
                advisory maps shall be considered to be 
                advisory and shall not require the development 
                of any new policy by, or impose any new policy 
                on, any government or private entity.
                  (B) Availability of maps.--The multihazard 
                advisory maps shall be made available to the 
                appropriate State and local governments for the 
                purposes of--
                          (i) informing the general public 
                        about the risks of natural hazards in 
                        the areas described in paragraph (2);
                          (ii) supporting the activities 
                        described in subsection (e); and
                          (iii) other public uses.
  (k) Report on Federal and State Administration.--Not later 
than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this section, 
the President, in consultation with State and local 
governments, shall submit to Congress a report evaluating 
efforts to implement this section and recommending a process 
for transferring greater authority and responsibility for 
administering the assistance program established under this 
section to capable States.
  (l) Prohibition on Earmarks.--
          (1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term 
        ``congressionally directed spending'' means a statutory 
        provision or report language included primarily at the 
        request of a Senator or a Member, Delegate or Resident 
        Commissioner of the House of Representatives providing, 
        authorizing, or recommending a specific amount of 
        discretionary budget authority, credit authority, or 
        other spending authority for a contract, loan, loan 
        guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other expenditure 
        with or to an entity, or targeted to a specific State, 
        locality, or Congressional district, other than through 
        a statutory or administrative formula-driven or 
        competitive award process.
          (2) Prohibition.--None of the funds appropriated or 
        otherwise made available to carry out this section may 
        be used for congressionally directed spending.
          (3) Certification to congress.--The Administrator of 
        the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall submit to 
        Congress a certification regarding whether all 
        financial assistance under this section was awarded in 
        accordance with this section.
  (m) Latest Published Editions.--For purposes of subsections 
(e)(1)(B)(iv) and (g)(10), the term ``latest published 
editions'' means, with respect to relevant consensus-based 
codes, specifications, and standards, the 2 most recently 
published editions.

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SEC. 205. GRANTS TO ENTITIES FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF HAZARD MITIGATION 
                    REVOLVING LOAN FUNDS.

  (a) General Authority.--
          (1) In general.--The Administrator may enter into 
        agreements with eligible entities to make 
        capitalization grants to such entities for the 
        establishment of hazard mitigation revolving loan funds 
        (referred to in this section as ``entity loan funds'') 
        for providing funding assistance to local governments 
        to carry out eligible projects under this section to 
        reduce disaster risks for homeowners, businesses, 
        nonprofit organizations, and communities in order to 
        decrease--
                  (A) the loss of life and property;
                  (B) the cost of insurance; and
                  (C) Federal disaster payments.
          (2) Agreements.--Any agreement entered into under 
        this section shall require the participating entity 
        to--
                  (A) comply with the requirements of this 
                section; and
                  (B) use accounting, audit, and fiscal 
                procedures conforming to generally accepted 
                accounting standards.
  (b) Application.--
          (1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a 
        capitalization grant under this section, an eligible 
        entity shall submit to the Administrator an application 
        that includes the following:
                  (A) Project proposals comprised of local 
                government hazard mitigation projects, on the 
                condition that the entity provides public 
                notice not less than 6 weeks prior to the 
                submission of an application.
                  (B) An assessment of recurring major disaster 
                vulnerabilities impacting the entity that 
                demonstrates a risk to life and property.
                  (C) A description of how the hazard 
                mitigation plan of the entity has or has not 
                taken the vulnerabilities described in 
                subparagraph (B) into account.
                  (D) A description about how the projects 
                described in subparagraph (A) could conform 
                with the hazard mitigation plan of the entity 
                and of the unit of local government.
                  (E) A proposal of the systematic and regional 
                approach to achieve resilience in a vulnerable 
                area, including impacts to river basins, river 
                corridors, watersheds, estuaries, bays, coastal 
                regions, micro-basins, micro-watersheds, 
                ecosystems, and areas at risk of earthquakes, 
                tsunamis, droughts, severe storms, and 
                wildfires, including the wildland-urban 
                interface.
          (2) Technical assistance.--The Administrator shall 
        provide technical assistance to eligible entities for 
        applications under this section.
  (c) Entity Loan Fund.--
          (1) Establishment of fund.--An entity that receives a 
        capitalization grant under this section shall establish 
        an entity loan fund that complies with the requirements 
        of this subsection.
          (2) Fund management.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (3), entity loan funds shall--
                  (A) be administered by the agency responsible 
                for emergency management; and
                  (B) include only--
                          (i) funds provided by a 
                        capitalization grant under this 
                        section;
                          (ii) repayments of loans under this 
                        section to the entity loan fund; and
                          (iii) interest earned on amounts in 
                        the entity loan fund.
          (3) Administration.--A participating entity may 
        combine the financial administration of the entity loan 
        fund of such entity with the financial administration 
        of any other revolving fund established by such entity 
        if the Administrator determines that--
                  (A) the capitalization grant, entity share, 
                repayments of loans, and interest earned on 
                amounts in the entity loan fund are accounted 
                for separately from other amounts in the 
                revolving fund; and
                  (B) the authority to establish assistance 
                priorities and carry out oversight activities 
                remains in the control of the entity agency 
                responsible for emergency management.
          (4) Entity share of funds.--
                  (A) In general.--On or before the date on 
                which a participating entity receives a 
                capitalization grant under this section, the 
                entity shall deposit into the entity loan fund 
                of such entity, an amount equal to not less 
                than 10 percent of the amount of the 
                capitalization grant.
                  (B) Reduced grant.--If, with respect to a 
                capitalization grant under this section, a 
                participating entity deposits in the entity 
                loan fund of the entity an amount that is less 
                than 10 percent of the total amount of the 
                capitalization grant that the participating 
                entity would otherwise receive, the 
                Administrator shall reduce the amount of the 
                capitalization grant received by the entity to 
                the amount that is 10 times the amount so 
                deposited.
  (d) Apportionment.--
          (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided by this 
        subsection, the Administrator shall apportion funds 
        made available to carry out this section to entities 
        that have entered into an agreement under subsection 
        (a)(2) in amounts as determined by the Administrator.
          (2) Reservation of funds.--The Administrator shall 
        reserve not more than 2.5 percent of the amount made 
        available to carry out this section for the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency for--
                  (A) administrative costs incurred in carrying 
                out this section; and
                  (B) providing technical assistance to 
                participating entities under subsection (b)(2).
          (3) Priority.--In the apportionment of capitalization 
        grants under this subsection, the Administrator shall 
        give priority to entity applications under subsection 
        (b) that--
                  (A) propose projects increasing resilience 
                and reducing risk of harm to natural and built 
                infrastructure;
                  (B) involve a partnership between two or more 
                eligible entities to carry out a project or 
                similar projects;
                  (C) take into account regional impacts of 
                hazards on river basins, river corridors, 
                micro-watersheds, macro-watersheds, estuaries, 
                lakes, bays, and coastal regions and areas at 
                risk of earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, severe 
                storms, and wildfires, including the wildland-
                urban interface; or
                  (D) propose projects for the resilience of 
                major economic sectors or critical national 
                infrastructure, including ports, global 
                commodity supply chain assets (located within 
                an entity or within the jurisdiction of local 
                governments and Tribal governments), power and 
                water production and distribution centers, and 
                bridges and waterways essential to interstate 
                commerce.
  (e) Environmental Review of Revolving Loan Fund Projects.--
The Administrator may delegate to a participating entity all of 
the responsibilities for environmental review, decision making, 
and action pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 
1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), and other applicable Federal 
environmental laws including the Endangered Species Act of 1973 
(16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the National Historic Preservation 
Act of 1966 (54 U.S.C. 300101 et seq.) that would apply to the 
Administrator were the Administrator to undertake projects 
under this section as Federal projects so long as the 
participating entity carries out such responsibilities in the 
same manner and subject to the same requirements as if the 
Administrator carried out such responsibilities.
  (f) Use of Funds.--
          (1) Types of assistance.--Amounts deposited in an 
        entity loan fund, including loan repayments and 
        interest earned on such amounts, may be used--
                  (A) to make loans, on the condition that--
                          (i) such loans are made at an 
                        interest rate of not more than 1 
                        percent;
                          (ii) annual principal and interest 
                        payments will commence not later than 1 
                        year after completion of any project 
                        and all loans made under this 
                        subparagraph will be fully amortized--
                                  (I) not later than 20 years 
                                after the date on which the 
                                project is completed; or
                                  (II) for projects in a low-
                                income geographic area, not 
                                later than 30 years after the 
                                date on which the project is 
                                completed and not longer than 
                                the expected design life of the 
                                project;
                          (iii) the loan recipient of a loan 
                        under this subparagraph establishes a 
                        dedicated source of revenue for 
                        repayment of the loan;
                          (iv) the loan recipient of a loan 
                        under this subparagraph has a hazard 
                        mitigation plan that has been approved 
                        by the Administrator; and
                          (v) the entity loan fund will be 
                        credited with all payments of principal 
                        and interest on all loans made under 
                        this subparagraph;
                  (B) for mitigation efforts, in addition to 
                mitigation planning under section 322 not to 
                exceed 10 percent of the capitalization grants 
                made to the participating entity in a fiscal 
                year;
                  (C) for the reasonable costs of administering 
                the fund and conducting activities under this 
                section, except that such amounts shall not 
                exceed $100,000 per year, 2 percent of the 
                capitalization grants made to the participating 
                entity in a fiscal year, or 1 percent of the 
                value of the entity loan fund, whichever amount 
                is greatest, plus the amount of any fees 
                collected by the entity for such purpose 
                regardless of the source; and
                  (D) to earn interest on the entity loan fund.
          (2) Prohibition on determination that loan is a 
        duplication.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Administrator may not determine that a loan is a 
        duplication of assistance or programs under this Act.
          (3) Projects and activities eligible for 
        assistance.--Except as provided in this subsection, a 
        participating entity may use funds in the entity loan 
        fund to provide financial assistance for projects or 
        activities that mitigate the impacts of natural hazards 
        including--
                  (A) drought and prolonged episodes of intense 
                heat;
                  (B) severe storms, including hurricanes, 
                tornados, wind storms, cyclones, and severe 
                winter storms;
                  (C) wildfires;
                  (D) earthquakes;
                  (E) flooding, including the construction, 
                repair, or replacement of a non-Federal levee 
                or other flood control structure, provided that 
                the Administrator, in consultation with the 
                Army Corps of Engineers (if appropriate), 
                requires an eligible entity to determine that 
                such levee or structure is designed, 
                constructed, and maintained in accordance with 
                sound engineering practices and standards 
                equivalent to the purpose for which such levee 
                or structure is intended;
                  (F) shoreline erosion;
                  (G) high water levels; and
                  (H) storm surges.
          (4) Zoning and land use planning changes.--A 
        participating entity may use not more than 10 percent 
        of a capitalization grant under this section to enable 
        units of local government to implement zoning and land 
        use planning changes focused on--
                  (A) the development and improvement of zoning 
                and land use codes that incentivize and 
                encourage low-impact development, resilient 
                wildland-urban interface land management and 
                development, natural infrastructure, green 
                stormwater management, conservation areas 
                adjacent to floodplains, implementation of 
                watershed or greenway master plans, and 
                reconnection of floodplains;
                  (B) the study and creation of agricultural 
                risk compensation districts where there is a 
                desire to remove or set-back levees protecting 
                highly developed agricultural land to mitigate 
                for flooding, allowing agricultural producers 
                to receive compensation for assuming greater 
                flood risk that would alleviate flood exposure 
                to population centers and areas with critical 
                national infrastructure;
                  (C) the study and creation of land use 
                incentives that reward developers for greater 
                reliance on low impact development stormwater 
                best management practices, exchange density 
                increases for increased open space and 
                improvement of neighborhood catch basins to 
                mitigate urban flooding, reward developers for 
                including and augmenting natural infrastructure 
                adjacent to and around building projects 
                without reliance on increased sprawl, and 
                reward developers for addressing wildfire 
                ignition; and
                  (D) the study and creation of an erosion 
                response plan that accommodates river, lake, 
                forest, plains, and ocean shoreline retreating 
                or bluff stabilization due to increased 
                flooding and disaster impacts.
          (5)  [Establishing] Implementing and carrying out 
        building code enforcement.--A participating entity may 
        use capitalization grants under this section to enable 
        units of local government to [establish] implement and 
        carry out the latest 2 published editions of relevant 
        building codes, specifications, and standards, 
        including any amendments made by State, local, Tribal, 
        or territorial governments to such codes, 
        specifications, and standards, for the purpose of 
        protecting the health, safety, and general welfare of 
        the building's users against disasters and natural 
        hazards.
          (6) Administrative and technical costs.--For each 
        fiscal year, a participating entity may use the amount 
        described in paragraph (1)(C) to--
                  (A) pay the reasonable costs of administering 
                the programs under this section, including the 
                cost of establishing an entity loan fund; and
                  (B) provide technical assistance to 
                recipients of financial assistance from the 
                entity loan fund, on the condition that such 
                technical assistance does not exceed 5 percent 
                of the capitalization grant made to such 
                entity.
          (7) Limitation for single projects.--A participating 
        entity may not provide an amount equal to or more than 
        $5,000,000 to a single hazard mitigation project.
          (8) Requirements.--For fiscal year 2022 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter, the requirements of subchapter 
        IV of chapter 31 of title 40, United States Code, shall 
        apply to the construction of projects carried out in 
        whole or in part with assistance made available by an 
        entity loan fund authorized by this section.
  (g) Intended Use Plans.--
          (1) In general.--After providing for public comment 
        and review, and consultation with appropriate 
        government agencies of the State or Indian tribal 
        government, Federal agencies, and interest groups, each 
        participating entity shall annually prepare and submit 
        to the Administrator a plan identifying the intended 
        uses of the entity loan fund.
          (2) Contents of plan.--An entity intended use plan 
        prepared under paragraph (1) shall include--
                  (A) the integration of entity planning 
                efforts, including entity hazard mitigation 
                plans and other programs and initiatives 
                relating to mitigation of major disasters 
                carried out by such entity;
                  (B) an explanation of the mitigation and 
                resiliency benefits the entity intends to 
                achieve by--
                          (i) reducing future damage and loss 
                        associated with hazards;
                          (ii) reducing the number of severe 
                        repetitive loss structures and 
                        repetitive loss structures in the 
                        entity;
                          (iii) decreasing the number of 
                        insurance claims in the entity from 
                        injuries resulting from major disasters 
                        or other natural hazards; and
                          (iv) increasing the rating under the 
                        community rating system under section 
                        1315(b) of the National Flood Insurance 
                        Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4022(b)) for 
                        communities in the entity;
                  (C) information on the availability of, and 
                application process for, financial assistance 
                from the entity loan fund of such entity;
                  (D) the criteria and methods established for 
                the distribution of funds;
                  (E) the amount of financial assistance that 
                the entity anticipates apportioning;
                  (F) the expected terms of the assistance 
                provided from the entity loan fund; and
                  (G) a description of the financial status of 
                the entity loan fund, including short-term and 
                long-term goals for the fund.
  (h) Audits, Reports, Publications, and Oversight.--
          (1) Biennial entity audit and report.--Beginning not 
        later than the last day of the second fiscal year after 
        the receipt of payments under this section, and 
        biennially thereafter, any participating entity shall--
                  (A) conduct an audit of the entity loan fund 
                established under subsection (c); and
                  (B) provide to the Administrator a report 
                including--
                          (i) the result of any such audit; and
                          (ii) a review of the effectiveness of 
                        the entity loan fund of the entity with 
                        respect to meeting the goals and 
                        intended benefits described in the 
                        intended use plan submitted by the 
                        entity under subsection (g).
          (2) Publication.--A participating entity shall 
        publish and periodically update information about all 
        projects receiving funding from the entity loan fund of 
        such entity, including--
                  (A) the location of the project;
                  (B) the type and amount of assistance 
                provided from the entity loan fund;
                  (C) the expected funding schedule; and
                  (D) the anticipated date of completion of the 
                project.
          (3) Oversight.--
                  (A) In general.--The Administrator shall, at 
                least every 4 years, conduct reviews and audits 
                as may be determined necessary or appropriate 
                by the Administrator to carry out the 
                objectives of this section and determine the 
                effectiveness of the fund in reducing natural 
                hazard risk.
                  (B) GAO requirements.--A participating entity 
                shall conduct audits under paragraph (1) in 
                accordance with the auditing procedures of the 
                Government Accountability Office, including 
                generally accepted government auditing 
                standards.
                  (C) Recommendations by administrator.--The 
                Administrator may at any time make 
                recommendations for or require specific changes 
                to an entity loan fund in order to improve the 
                effectiveness of the fund.
  (i) Regulations or Guidance.--The Administrator shall issue 
such regulations or guidance as are necessary to--
          (1) ensure that each participating entity uses funds 
        as efficiently as possible;
          (2) reduce waste, fraud, and abuse to the maximum 
        extent possible; and
          (3) require any party that receives funds directly or 
        indirectly under this section, including a 
        participating entity and a recipient of amounts from an 
        entity loan fund, to use procedures with respect to the 
        management of the funds that conform to generally 
        accepted accounting standards.
  (j) Waiver Authority.--Until such time as the Administrator 
issues final regulations to implement this section, the 
Administrator may--
          (1) waive notice and comment rulemaking, if the 
        Administrator determines the waiver is necessary to 
        expeditiously implement this section; and
          (2) provide capitalization grants under this section 
        as a pilot program.
  (k) Liability Protections.--The Agency shall not be liable 
for any claim based on the exercise or performance of, or the 
failure to exercise or perform, a discretionary function or 
duty by the Agency, or an employee of the Agency in carrying 
out this section.
  (l) GAO Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on 
which the first entity loan fund is established under 
subsection (c), the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives a report that examines--
          (1) the appropriateness of regulations and guidance 
        issued by the Administrator for the program, including 
        any oversight of the program;
          (2) a description of the number of the entity loan 
        funds established, the projects funded from such entity 
        loan funds, and the extent to which projects funded by 
        the loan funds adhere to any applicable hazard 
        mitigation plans;
          (3) the effectiveness of the entity loan funds to 
        lower disaster related costs; and
          (4) recommendations for improving the administration 
        of entity loan funds.
  (m) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
          (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means 
        the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency.
          (2) Agency.--The term ``Agency'' means the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency.
          (3) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' 
        means a State or an Indian tribal government that has 
        received a major disaster declaration pursuant to 
        section 401.
          (4) Hazard mitigation plan.--The term ``hazard 
        mitigation plan'' means a mitigation plan submitted 
        under section 322.
          (5) Low-income geographic area.--The term ``low-
        income geographic area'' means an area described in 
        paragraph (1) or (2) of section 301(a) of the Public 
        Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 
        3161(a)).
          (6) Participating entity.--The term ``participating 
        entity'' means an eligible entity that has entered into 
        an agreement under this section.
          (7) Repetitive loss structure.--The term ``repetitive 
        loss structure'' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 1370 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 
        1968 (42 U.S.C. 4121).
          (8) Severe repetitive loss structure.--The term 
        ``severe repetitive loss structure'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 1366(h) of the National Flood 
        Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4104c(h)).
          (9) Wildland-urban interface.--The term ``wildland-
        urban interface'' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 101 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 
        2003 (16 U.S.C. 6511).
  (n) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
through 2023 to carry out this section.

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