[House Report 117-72]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


117th Congress   }                                     {        Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session     }                                     {        117-72

======================================================================



 
            DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE ACT

                                _______
                                

 June 28, 2021.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

    Ms. Johnson of Texas, from the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                  Technology, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 3593]

    The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, to whom 
was referred the bill (H.R. 3593) to provide guidance for and 
investment in the research and development activities of the 
Department of Energy Office of Science, and for other purposes, 
having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with an 
amendment and recommends that the bill as amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                      Page
   I. Amendment.......................................................   2
  II. Purpose of the Bill............................................   30
 III. Background and Need for the Legislation........................   30
  IV. Committee Hearings.............................................   30
   V. Committee Consideration and Votes..............................   32
  VI. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill........................   33
 VII. Section-By-Section Analysis (By Title and Section).............   33
VIII. Committee Views................................................   37
  IX. Cost Estimate..................................................   38
   X. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate......................   38
  XI. Compliance with Public Law 104-4 (Unfunded Mandates)...........   38
 XII. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations...............   38
XIII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives..........   38
 XIV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement...........................   38
  XV. Duplication of Federal Programs................................   38
 XVI. Earmark Identification.........................................   38
XVII. Applicability to the Legislative Branch........................   38
XVIII.Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law.........   39
 XIX. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, As Reported..........   39
  XX. Proceedings of Full Committee Markup..........................   105

                              I. Amendment

    The amendment is as follows:
    Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Energy Science for the 
Future Act''.

SEC. 2. MISSION OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.

  Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139) is amended by adding at the end the following:
  ``(d) User Facilities.--The Director shall carry out the 
construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to support 
the mission described in subsection (c). As practicable, these 
facilities shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, the 
academic community, and other relevant entities for the purposes of 
advancing the missions of the Department, improving the competitiveness 
of the United States, protecting public health and safety, and 
addressing other national priorities including emergencies.
  ``(e) Coordination.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary--
                  ``(A) shall ensure the coordination of the Office of 
                Science with the other activities of the Department;
                  ``(B) shall support joint activities among the 
                programs of the Department;
                  ``(C) shall coordinate with other relevant Federal 
                agencies in supporting advancements in related research 
                areas as appropriate; and
                  ``(D) may form partnerships to enhance the 
                utilization of and ensure access to user facilities by 
                other Federal agencies.
          ``(2) Office of science.--The Director--
                  ``(A) shall ensure the coordination of programs and 
                activities carried out by the Office of Science; and
                  ``(B) shall direct all programs which have not 
                recently completed a future planning roadmap consistent 
                with the funding of such programs authorized under the 
                Department of Energy Science for the Future Act to 
                complete such a roadmap.''.

SEC. 3. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM.

  (a) Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.--Section 303 of 
the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) 
is amended--
          (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) as 
        subsections (c) through (g), respectively; and
          (2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so redesignated, 
        the following:
  ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research and development program in basic 
energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical 
sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines, to 
understand, model, and control matter and energy at the electronic, 
atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for 
new energy technologies, address scientific grand challenges, and 
support the energy, environment, and national security missions of the 
Department.
  ``(b) Sustainable Chemistry.--In carrying out chemistry-related 
research and development activities under this section, the Director 
shall prioritize research and development of sustainable chemistry to 
support clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies to 
traditional chemical products and processes.'';
          (3) in subsection (d)(3), as so redesignated--
                  (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                  (B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph 
                (E); and
                  (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following:
                  ``(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis 
                and characterization facilities that leverage advances 
                in artificial intelligence; and'';
          (4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by adding at the 
        end the following:
          ``(4) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
                  ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                          ``(ii) Hard x-ray.--The term `hard x-ray' 
                        means a photon with energy greater than 20 
                        kiloelectron volts.
                  ``(B) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in 
                the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report on 
                Facility Upgrades', including the development of a 
                multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and 
                a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before March 31, 2026.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade 
                under this paragraph $157,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
          ``(5) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron 
                Source.
                  ``(B) Proton power upgrade defined.--For the purposes 
                of this paragraph, the term `proton power upgrade' 
                means the Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade 
                described in--
                          ``(i) the publication titled `Facilities for 
                        the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', 
                        published by the Office of Science of the 
                        Department of Energy in December, 2003;
                          ``(ii) the publication titled `Four Years 
                        Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the 
                        Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', 
                        published by the Office of Science of the 
                        Department of Energy in August, 2007; and
                          ``(iii) the publication approved by the Basic 
                        Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 
                        2016, titled `Report on Facility Upgrades'.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2028.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade 
                under this paragraph $49,800,000 for fiscal year 2022.
          ``(6) Spallation neutron source second target station.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a 
                second target station for the Spallation Neutron 
                Source.
                  ``(B) Second target station defined.--For the 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term `second target 
                station' means the Spallation Neutron Source second 
                target station described in--
                          ``(i) the publication titled, `Facilities for 
                        the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', 
                        published by the Office of Science of the 
                        Department of Energy in December, 2003;
                          ``(ii) the publication titled, `Four Years 
                        Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the 
                        Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', 
                        published by the Office of Science of the 
                        Department of Energy in August, 2007; and
                          ``(iii) the publication approved by the Basic 
                        Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 
                        2016, titled `Report on Facility Upgrades'.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the second target 
                station under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 
                2030, with the option for early operation in 2029.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
                under this paragraph, including construction--
                          ``(i) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                          ``(iv) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                          ``(v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
          ``(7) Advanced light source upgrade.--
                  ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                          ``(ii) Soft x-ray.--The term `soft x-ray' 
                        means a photon with energy in the range from 50 
                        to 2,000 electron volts.
                  ``(B) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in 
                the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report on 
                Facility Upgrades', including the development of a 
                multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before September 30, 2029.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade 
                under this paragraph--
                          ``(i) $75,100,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                          ``(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                          ``(v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
          ``(8) Linac coherent light source ii high energy upgrade.--
                  ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          ``(i) High energy x-ray.--The term `high 
                        energy x-ray' means a photon with an energy in 
                        the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt range.
                          ``(ii) High repetition rate.--The term `high 
                        repetition rate' means the delivery of x-ray 
                        pulses up to 1 million pulses per second.
                          ``(iii) Ultra-short pulse x-rays.--The term 
                        `ultra-short pulse x-rays' means x-ray bursts 
                        capable of durations of less than 100 
                        femtoseconds.
                  ``(B) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                          ``(i) provide for the upgrade to the Linac 
                        Coherent Light Source II facility described in 
                        the publication approved by the Basic Energy 
                        Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, 
                        titled `Report on Facility Upgrades', including 
                        the development of experimental capabilities 
                        for high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental 
                        scientific discoveries; and
                          ``(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the 
                        production and use of high energy, ultra-short 
                        pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition 
                        rate.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2026.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade 
                under this paragraph--
                          ``(i) $106,925,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $125,925,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                          ``(iv) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                          ``(v) $49,344,000 for fiscal year 2026.
          ``(9) Cryomodule repair and maintenance facility.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance 
                facility to service the Linac Coherent Light Source II 
                and upgrades to the facility. The Secretary shall 
                consult with the private sector, universities, National 
                Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
                that this facility has the capability to maintain, 
                repair, and test superconducting radiofrequency 
                accelerator components.
                  ``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
                under this paragraph--
                          ``(i) $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                          ``(iv) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
          ``(10) Nanoscale science research center recapitalization 
        project.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the recapitalization of the Nanoscale Science Research 
                Centers, to include the upgrade of equipment at each 
                Center supported by the Office of Science on the date 
                of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for 
                the Future Act, to accelerate advances in the various 
                fields of science including nanoscience, materials, 
                chemistry, biology, and quantum information science.
                  ``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out the 
                recapitalization under this paragraph--
                          ``(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                          ``(iv) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.'';
          (5) by adding at the end the following:
  ``(h) Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Director shall support a program of 
        research and development for the application of advanced 
        computing practices to foundational and emerging research 
        problems in chemistry and materials science. Research 
        activities shall include--
                  ``(A) chemical catalysis research and development;
                  ``(B) the use of large data sets to model materials 
                phenomena, including through advanced characterization 
                of materials, materials synthesis, processing, and 
                innovative use of experimental and theoretical data;
                  ``(C) co-design of chemical system and chemistry 
                modeling software with advanced computing systems and 
                hardware technologies; and
                  ``(D) modeling of chemical processes, assemblies, and 
                reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum 
                chemistry, including through novel computing methods.
          ``(2) Computational materials and chemical sciences 
        centers.--
                  ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
                authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
                select and establish up to six computational materials 
                and chemical sciences centers to--
                          ``(i) develop open-source, robust, and 
                        validated computational codes and user-friendly 
                        software, coupled with innovative use of 
                        experimental and theoretical data, to enable 
                        the design, discovery, and development of new 
                        materials and chemical systems; and
                          ``(ii) focus on overcoming challenges and 
                        maximizing the benefits of exascale and other 
                        high performance computing underpinned by 
                        accelerated node technologies.
                  ``(B) Selection.--The Director shall select centers 
                under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
                basis. The Director shall consider applications from 
                the National Laboratories, institutes of higher 
                education, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
                other appropriate entities.
                  ``(C) Duration.--
                          ``(i) A center selected under subparagraph 
                        (A) shall receive support for a period of not 
                        more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
                        establishment of that center, subject to the 
                        availability of appropriations.
                          ``(ii) A center already in existence on the 
                        date of enactment of the Department of Energy 
                        Science for the Future Act may continue to 
                        receive support for a period of not more than 5 
                        years beginning on the date of establishment of 
                        that center.
                  ``(D) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of 
                support of a center under this subsection, the Director 
                may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed 
                basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
                  ``(E) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
                authorities of the Department, the Director may 
                terminate an underperforming center for cause during 
                the performance period.
  ``(i) Materials Research Database.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Director shall support the development 
        of a web-based platform to develop and provide access to a 
        database of computed information on known and predicted 
        materials properties and computational tools to accelerate 
        breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.
          ``(2) Program.--In carrying out this subsection, the Director 
        shall--
                  ``(A) conduct cooperative research with industry, 
                academia, and other research institutions to advance 
                understanding, prediction, and manipulation of 
                materials and facilitate the design of novel materials;
                  ``(B) develop and maintain data infrastructure at 
                user facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, 
                label, and otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in 
                the database;
                  ``(C) leverage existing high performance computing 
                systems to conduct high throughput calculations, and 
                develop computational and data mining algorithms for 
                the prediction of material properties;
                  ``(D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies 
                and advanced manufacturing; and
                  ``(E) drive the development of advanced materials for 
                applications that span the Department's missions in 
                energy, environment, and national security.
          ``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Director shall leverage programs and activities across the 
        Department, including computational materials and chemical 
        sciences centers established under subsection (h).
          ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there shall be made available to the 
        Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection 
        $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
  ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section--
          ``(1) $2,727,705,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $2,828,896,600 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $3,019,489,612 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $3,161,698,885 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $3,291,651,600 for fiscal year 2026.''.
  (b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended--
          (1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
          ``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall 
        make available for carrying out activities under this 
        subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 
        2031.''; and
          (2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
          ``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy 
        Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make available 
        for carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.
  (c) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--Section 975 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C.16315) is amended--
          (1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
          ``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall 
        make available for carrying out activities under this 
        subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 
        2026.'';
          (2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
          ``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy 
        Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make available 
        for carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''; and
          (3) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
          ``(4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy 
        Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make available 
        for carrying out activities under this subsection $20,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.

SEC. 4. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

  (a) Program; Biological Systems; Biomolecular Characterization and 
Imaging Science.--Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended--
          (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
  ``(a) Program.--As part of the duties of the Director authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the activities authorized under 
sections 303 and 304 of this Act, the Director shall carry out a 
program of research and development in the areas of biological systems 
science and climate and environmental science, including subsurface 
science, relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to 
support the energy, environmental, and national security missions of 
the Department.
  ``(b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out research and 
development activities in genomic science including fundamental 
research on plants and microbes to increase systems-level understanding 
of the complex biological systems, which may include activities to--
          ``(1) accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that would 
        enable the cost-effective, sustainable production of--
                  ``(A) biomass-based liquid transportation fuels;
                  ``(B) bioenergy; and
                  ``(C) biobased materials from renewable biomass;
          ``(2) improve fundamental understanding of plant and 
        microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle, 
        including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the 
        atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological 
        processes, for sequestration and storage;
          ``(3) understand the microbiome mechanisms used to transform, 
        immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface 
        environments;
          ``(4) develop the computational approaches and integrated 
        platforms for open access collaborative science;
          ``(5) leverage tools and approaches across the Office of 
        Science to expand research to include novel processes, methods, 
        and science to develop bio-based chemicals, polymers, inorganic 
        materials, including research to--
                  ``(A) advance biosystems design research to advance 
                the understanding of how CRISPR tools and other gene 
                editing tools and technologies work in nature, in the 
                laboratory, and in practice;
                  ``(B) deepen genome-enabled knowledge of root 
                architecture and growth in crops, including trees; and
                  ``(C) develop biosystems design methods and tools to 
                increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants; 
                and
          ``(6) develop other relevant methods and processes as 
        determined by the Director.
  ``(c) Biomolecular Characterization and Imaging Science.--The 
Director shall carry out research and development activities in 
biomolecular characterization and imaging science, including 
development of integrative imaging and analysis platforms and 
biosensors to understand the expression, structure, and function of 
genome information encoded within cells and for real-time measurements 
in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of the 
Department of Energy.''; and
          (2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as 
        subsections (d) through (f), respectively.
  (b) Bioenergy Research Centers.--Section 977(f) of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(f)) is amended to read as follows:
  ``(f) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
          ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program under section 
        306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the Director shall support up to six 
        bioenergy research centers to conduct fundamental research in 
        plant and microbial systems biology, biological imaging and 
        analysis, and genomics, and to accelerate advanced research and 
        development of biomass-based liquid transportation fuels, 
        bioenergy, or biobased materials, chemicals, and products that 
        are produced from a variety of regionally diverse feedstocks, 
        and to facilitate the translation of research results to 
        industry. The activities of the centers authorized under this 
        subsection may include--
                  ``(A) accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-
                relevant plants, microbes, and associated microbial 
                communities to enable high-impact, value-added 
                coproduct development at multiple points in the 
                bioenergy supply chain;
                  ``(B) developing the science and technological 
                advances to ensure process sustainability is considered 
                in the creation of biofuels and bioproducts from 
                lignocellulose; and
                  ``(C) using the latest tools in genomics, molecular 
                biology, catalysis science, chemical engineering, 
                systems biology, and computational and robotics 
                technologies to sustainably produce and transform 
                biomass into biofuels and bioproducts.
          ``(2) Selection and duration.--
                  ``(A) In general.--A center established under 
                paragraph (1) shall be selected on a competitive, 
                merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 
                years, subject to the availability of appropriations, 
                beginning on the date of establishment of that center.
                  ``(B) Applications.--The Director shall consider 
                applications from National Laboratories, multi-
                institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
                entities.
                  ``(C) Existing centers.--A center already in 
                existence on the date of enactment of the Department of 
                Energy Science for the Future Act may continue to 
                receive support for a period of not more than 5 years 
                beginning on the date of establishment of that center.
          ``(3) Renewal.--After the end of either period described in 
        paragraph (2), the Director may renew support for the center 
        for a period of not more than 5 years on a merit-reviewed 
        basis. For a center in operation for 10 years after its 
        previous selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the 
        Director may renew support for the center on a competitive, 
        merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, and 
        may subsequently provide an additional renewal on a merit-
        reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years.
          ``(4) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities 
        of the Department, the Director may terminate an 
        underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
          ``(5) Activities.--Centers shall undertake research 
        activities to accelerate the production of biofuels and 
        bioproducts from advanced biomass resources by identifying the 
        most suitable species of plants for use as energy crops; and 
        improving methods of breeding, propagation, planting, 
        producing, harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may 
        include the following:
                  ``(A) Research activities to increase sustainability, 
                including--
                          ``(i) advancing knowledge of how bioenergy 
                        crop interactions with biotic and abiotic 
                        environmental factors influence crop growth, 
                        yield, and quality;
                          ``(ii) identifying the most impactful 
                        research areas that address the economics of 
                        biofuels and bioproducts production; and
                          ``(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to 
                        advance predictive understanding of biofuel 
                        cropping ecosystems.
                  ``(B) Research activities to further feedstock 
                development, including lignocellulosic, algal, gaseous 
                wastes including carbon oxides and methane, and direct 
                air capture of single carbon gases via plants and 
                microbes, including--
                          ``(i) developing genetic and genomic tools, 
                        high-throughput analytical tools, and 
                        biosystems design approaches to enhance 
                        bioenergy feedstocks and their associated 
                        microbiomes;
                          ``(ii) conducting field testing of new 
                        potential bioenergy feedstock crops under 
                        environmentally benign and geographically 
                        diverse conditions to assess viability and 
                        robustness; and
                          ``(iii) developing quantitative models 
                        informed by experimentation to predict how 
                        bioenergy feedstocks perform under diverse 
                        conditions.
                  ``(C) Research activities to improve lignocellulosic 
                deconstruction and separation methods, including--
                          ``(i) developing feedstock-agnostic 
                        deconstruction processes capable of efficiently 
                        fractionating biomass into targeted output 
                        streams;
                          ``(ii) gaining a detailed understanding of 
                        plant cell wall biosynthesis, composition, 
                        structure, and properties during 
                        deconstruction; and
                          ``(iii) improving enzymes and approaches for 
                        biomass breakdown and cellulose, hemicellulose, 
                        and lignin processing.
                  ``(D) Research activities to improve the feedstock 
                conversion process for advanced biofuels and 
                bioproducts, including--
                          ``(i) developing high-throughput methods to 
                        screen or select high-performance microbial 
                        strains and communities to improve product 
                        formation rates, yields, and selectivity;
                          ``(ii) establishing a broad set of platform 
                        microorganisms and microbial communities 
                        suitable for metabolic engineering to produce 
                        biofuels and bioproducts, as well as high-
                        throughput methods for experimental validation 
                        of gene function;
                          ``(iii) developing techniques to enhance 
                        microbial robustness for tolerating toxins to 
                        improve biofuel and bioproduct yields and to 
                        gain a better understanding of the cellular and 
                        molecular bases of tolerance for major chemical 
                        classes of inhibitors found in these processes;
                          ``(iv) advancing technologies for the use of 
                        batch, continuous, as well as consolidated 
                        bioprocessing;
                          ``(v) identifying, creating, and optimizing 
                        microbial and chemical pathways to produce 
                        promising, atom-economical intermediates and 
                        final bioproducts from biomass with 
                        considerations given to environmentally benign 
                        processes;
                          ``(vi) developing high-throughput, real-time, 
                        in situ analytical techniques to understand and 
                        characterize the pre- and post-bioproduct 
                        separation streams in detail;
                          ``(vii) creating methodologies for 
                        efficiently identifying viable target 
                        molecules, identifying high-value bioproducts 
                        in existing biomass streams, and utilizing 
                        current byproduct streams;
                          ``(viii) identifying and improving plant 
                        feedstocks with enhanced extractable levels of 
                        desired bioproducts or bioproduct precursors, 
                        including lignin streams; and
                          ``(ix) developing integrated biological and 
                        chemical catalytic approaches to valorize and 
                        produce a diverse portfolio of advanced fuels 
                        and bioproducts.
          ``(6) Industry partnerships.--Centers shall establish 
        industry partnerships to translate research results to 
        commercial applications.
          ``(7) Coordination.--In coordination with the Bioenergy 
        Technologies Office of the Department, the Director shall 
        support interdisciplinary research activities to improve the 
        capacity, efficiency, resilience, security, reliability, and 
        affordability, of the production and use of biofuels and 
        bioproducts, as well as activities to enable positive impacts 
        and avoid the potential negative impacts that the production 
        and use of biofuels and bioproducts may have on ecosystems, 
        people, and historically marginalized communities.''.
  (c) Low-dose Radiation Research Program.--Section 306(e)(8) of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644(c)(8)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is amended--
          (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'';
          (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
          (3) by adding at the end the following:
                  ``(E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  ``(F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
  (d) Low-dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research Program.--Section 
306(f) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 
U.S.C. 18644(d)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is amended to 
read as follows:
  ``(f) Low-dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research Program.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in consultation 
        with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration shall carry out a basic research program on the 
        similarities and differences between the effects of exposure to 
        low-dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the 
        space environment.
          ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of this program is to accelerate 
        breakthroughs in low-dose and low dose-rate radiation research 
        and development as described in subsection (d) and to inform 
        the advancement of new tools, technologies, and advanced 
        materials needed to facilitate long-duration space 
        exploration.''.
  (e) Climate, Environmental Science, and Other Activities.--Section 
306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
  ``(g) Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Activities.--
          ``(1) In general.--As part of the activities authorized under 
        subsection (a), and in coordination with activities carried out 
        under subsection (b), the Director shall carry out earth and 
        environmental systems science research, in consultation with 
        the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other 
        relevant agencies, which may include activities to--
                  ``(A) understand, observe, and model the response of 
                Earth's atmosphere and biosphere to increased 
                concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any 
                associated changes in climate, including frequency and 
                intensity of extreme weather events;
                  ``(B) understand the coupled physical, chemical, and 
                biological processes to transform, immobilize, remove, 
                or move carbon, nitrogen, and other energy production-
                derived contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy 
                metals, and understand the process of sequestration and 
                transformation of these, carbon dioxide, and other 
                relevant molecules in subsurface environments;
                  ``(C) understand, observe, and model the cycling of 
                water, carbon, and nutrients in terrestrial systems and 
                at scales relevant to resources management;
                  ``(D) understand the biological, biogeochemical, and 
                physical processes across the multiple scales that 
                control the flux of environmentally relevant compounds 
                between the terrestrial surface and the atmosphere; and
                  ``(E) inform potential natural mitigation and 
                adaptation options for increased concentrations of 
                greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in 
                climate.
          ``(2) Prioritization.--In carrying out the program authorized 
        under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize--
                  ``(A) the development of software and algorithms to 
                enable the productive application of environmental 
                systems and extreme weather in climate and Earth system 
                prediction models in high-performance computing 
                systems; and
                  ``(B) capabilities that support the Department's 
                mission needs for energy and infrastructure security, 
                resilience, and reliability.
          ``(3) Environmental systems science research.--
                  ``(A) In general.--As part of the activities 
                described in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry 
                out research to advance an integrated, robust, and 
                scale-aware predictive understanding of environmental 
                systems, including the role of hydrobiogeochemistry, 
                from the subsurface to the top of the vegetative canopy 
                that considers effects of seasonal to interannual 
                variability and change.
                  ``(B) Clean water and watershed research.--As part of 
                the activities described in subparagraph (A), the 
                Director shall--
                          ``(i) support interdisciplinary research to 
                        significantly advance our understanding of 
                        water availability, quality, and the impact of 
                        human activity and a changing climate on urban 
                        and rural watershed systems, including in 
                        freshwater environments;
                          ``(ii) consult with the Interagency Research, 
                        Development, and Demonstration Coordination 
                        Committee on the Nexus of Energy and Water for 
                        Sustainability established under section 1010 
                        of the Energy Act of 2020 (division Z of the 
                        Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021) on 
                        energy-water nexus research activities; and
                          ``(iii) engage with representatives of 
                        research and academic institutions, nonprofit 
                        organizations, State, local, and tribal 
                        governments, and industry, who have expertise 
                        in technologies, technological innovations, or 
                        practices relating to the energy-water nexus, 
                        as applicable.
                  ``(C) Coordination.--
                          ``(i) Director.--The Director shall carry out 
                        activities under this paragraph in accordance 
                        with priorities established by the Secretary to 
                        support and accelerate the decontamination of 
                        relevant facilities managed by the Department.
                          ``(ii) Secretary.--The Secretary shall ensure 
                        the coordination of activities of the 
                        Department, including activities under this 
                        paragraph, to support and accelerate the 
                        decontamination of relevant facilities managed 
                        by the Department.
          ``(4) Climate and earth modeling.--As part of the activities 
        described in paragraph (1), the Director, in collaboration with 
        the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program described in 
        section 304 and other programs carried out by the Department, 
        as applicable, and in consultation with the National Oceanic 
        and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, 
        shall carry out research to develop, evaluate, and use high-
        resolution regional climate, global climate, Earth system, and 
        other relevant models to inform decisions on reducing 
        greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting impacts of a 
        changing global climate. Such modeling shall include--
                  ``(A) integrated capabilities for modeling 
                multisectoral interactions, including socioeconomic 
                factors as appropriate, which may include the impacts 
                of climate policies on social and regional equity and 
                well-being, and the interdependencies and risks at the 
                energy-water-land nexus;
                  ``(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, energy 
                supply and demand, and other critical elements; and
                  ``(C) interaction among human and Earth systems 
                informed by interdisciplinary research, including the 
                economic and social sciences.
          ``(5) Mid-scale funding mechanism.--
                  ``(A) In general.--Any of the activities authorized 
                in this subsection may be carried out by competitively 
                selected mid-scale, multi-institutional research 
                centers in lieu of individual research grants, or 
                large-scale experiments or user facilities.
                  ``(B) Consideration.--The Biological and 
                Environmental Research Advisory Committee shall provide 
                recommendations to the Director on projects most 
                suitable for the research centers described in 
                subparagraph (A).
  ``(h) Biological and Environmental Research User Facilities.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program for 
        the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of 
        user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of 
        observational data related to complex biological, climate, and 
        environmental systems.
          ``(2) Facility requirements.--To the maximum extent 
        practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, 
        operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include--
                  ``(A) distributed field research and observation 
                platforms for understanding earth system processes;
                  ``(B) analytical techniques, instruments, and 
                modeling resources for understanding the physical, 
                chemical, and cellular processes of biological and 
                environmental systems;
                  ``(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, advanced 
                bioanalytic techniques, DNA design and synthesis, 
                metabolomics, and computational analysis; and
                  ``(D) such other facilities as the Director considers 
                appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the 
                Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
          ``(3) Existing facilities.--In carrying out the program 
        established in paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to 
        evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to 
        the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of 
        those capabilities to address emerging research priorities.
          ``(4) User facilities integration and collaboration 
        program.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Director shall support a 
                program of collaboration between user facilities as 
                defined under this subsection to encourage and enable 
                researchers to more readily integrate the tools, 
                expertise, resources, and capabilities of multiple 
                Office of Science user facilities (as described in 
                section 209(d) of the Department of Energy Organization 
                Act (42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further research and advance 
                emerging technologies.
                  ``(B) Activities.--The program shall advance the 
                integration of automation, robotics, computational 
                biology, bioinformatics, biosensing, cellular platforms 
                and other relevant emerging technologies as determined 
                by the Director to enhance productivity and scientific 
                impact of user facilities.
          ``(5) Earth and environmental systems sciences user 
        facilities.--
                  ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
                authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
                establish and operate user facilities to advance the 
                collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric 
                data, including activities to advance knowledge and 
                improve model representations and measure the impact of 
                atmospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds on earth and 
                environmental systems.
                  ``(B) Selection.--The Director shall select user 
                facilities under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-
                reviewed basis. The Director shall consider 
                applications from the National Laboratories, institutes 
                of higher education, multi-institutional 
                collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
                  ``(C) Existing facilities.--To the maximum extent 
                practicable, the Director shall utilize existing 
                facilities to carry out this subsection.
          ``(6) Coordination.--In carrying out the program authorized 
        in paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office of 
        Science--
                  ``(A) consults and coordinates with the National 
                Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental 
                Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the 
                Department of the Interior, and any other relevant 
                Federal agency on the collection, validation, and 
                analysis of atmospheric data; and
                  ``(B) coordinates with relevant stakeholders, 
                including institutes of higher education, nonprofit 
                research institutions, industry, State, local, and 
                tribal governments, and other appropriate entities to 
                ensure access to the best available relevant 
                atmospheric and historical weather data.
  ``(i) Coastal Zone Research Initiative.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a research 
        program, in consultation with the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration, to enhance the understanding of 
        coastal ecosystems. In carrying out this program, the Director 
        shall prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of 
        observational data, and shall develop models to analyze the 
        ecological, biogeochemical, hydrological and physical processes 
        that interact in coastal zones.
          ``(2) National system for coastal data collection.--The 
        Director shall establish, in consultation with the National 
        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant 
        agencies, an integrated system of geographically diverse field 
        research sites in order to improve the quantity and quality of 
        observational data, and that encompass the major land water 
        interfaces of the United States, including--
                  ``(A) the Great Lakes region;
                  ``(B) the Pacific coast;
                  ``(C) the Atlantic coast;
                  ``(D) the Arctic; and
                  ``(E) the Gulf coast.
          ``(3) Existing infrastructure.--In carrying out the programs 
        and establishing the field research sites under paragraph (1) 
        and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing research and 
        development infrastructure supported by the Department, 
        including the Department's existing marine and coastal research 
        lab.
          ``(4) Coordination.--For the purposes of carrying out the 
        programs and establishing the field research sites under the 
        Initiative, the Secretary may enter into agreements with 
        Federal Departments and agencies with complementary 
        capabilities.
          ``(5) Report.--Not less than 2 years after the date of the 
        enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future 
        Act, the Director shall provide to the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of 
        the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
        Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
        Senate a report examining whether the system described in this 
        section should be established as a National User Facility.
  ``(j) Technology Development.--The Director shall support a 
technology research program for the development of instrumentation and 
other research tools required to meet the missions of the Department 
and to provide platform technologies for the broader scientific 
community. Technologies shall include but are not limited to--
          ``(1) cryo-electron microscopy;
          ``(2) fabricated ecosystems;
          ``(3) next generation sensors including quantum sensors for 
        biological integration and bioproduction;
          ``(4) technologies to accelerate data analysis; and
          ``(5) plant and microbial phenotyping for gene discovery.
  ``(k) Emerging Technologies.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
        Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative 
        focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through the 
        application of artificial intelligence, novel sensing 
        capabilities, and other emerging technologies.
          ``(2) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall 
        coordinate with the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the U.S. Geological 
        Survey, and other relevant officials to avoid duplication of 
        research and observational activities and to ensure that 
        activities carried out under this initiative are complimentary 
        to those currently being undertaken by other agencies.
          ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of 
        this Act, the Secretary shall provide a report to the Committee 
        on Science, Space, and Technology of the House, and the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, on the 
        activity mandated in subsection (k).
  ``(l) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section--
          ``(1) $820,360,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $886,385,200 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $956,332,164 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $1,020,475,415 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $1,099,108,695 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH PROGRAM.

  (a) Advanced Scientific Computing Research.--Section 304 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is 
amended--
          (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as 
        subsections (b) through (d), respectively; and
          (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, 
        the following:
  ``(a) In General.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out, in coordination with academia and relevant 
public and private sector entities, a research, development, and 
demonstration program to--
          ``(1) steward applied mathematics, computational science, and 
        computer science research relevant to the missions of the 
        Department and the competitiveness of the United States;
          ``(2) develop modeling, simulation, and other computational 
        tools relevant to other scientific disciplines and to the 
        development of new energy technologies and other technologies;
          ``(3) advance computating and networking capabilities for 
        data-driven discovery; and
          ``(4) develop advanced scientific computing hardware and 
        software tools for science and engineering.'';
          (3) in subsection (c) (as redesignated under paragraph (1))--
                  (A) by striking ``The Director'' and inserting the 
                following:
          ``(1) Director.--The Director''; and
                  (B) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(2) Coordination.--The Under Secretary for Science shall 
        ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department, 
        including activities under this section, to determine and meet 
        the computational and networking research and facility needs of 
        the Office of Science and all other relevant energy technology 
        and energy efficiency programs within the Department and with 
        other Federal agencies as appropriate.'';
          (4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read 
        as follows:
  ``(d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-end 
Computing Systems and Computer Sciences Research.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out activities to 
        develop, test, and support--
                  ``(A) mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for 
                modeling complex systems relevant to the missions of 
                the Department, including on advanced computing 
                architectures; and
                  ``(B) tools, languages, programming environments, and 
                operations for high-end computing systems (as defined 
                in section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership 
                Act (15 U.S.C. 5541).
          ``(2) Portfolio balance.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Director shall maintain a 
                balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific 
                computing research and development program established 
                under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
                U.S.C. 16316) that supports robust investment in--
                          ``(i) applied mathematical, computational, 
                        and computer sciences research needs relevant 
                        to the mission of the Department, including 
                        foundational areas that are critical to the 
                        advancement of energy sciences and technologies 
                        and new and emerging computing technologies; 
                        and
                          ``(ii) associated high-performance computing 
                        hardware and facilities.
                  ``(B) Exascale ecosystem sustainment.--
                          ``(i) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of 
                        Congress that the Exascale Computing Project 
                        has successfully created a broad ecosystem that 
                        provides shared software packages, novel 
                        evaluation systems, and applications relevant 
                        to the science and engineering requirements of 
                        the Department, and that such products must be 
                        maintained and improved in order that the full 
                        potential of the deployed systems can be 
                        continuously realized.
                          ``(ii) In general.--The Secretary shall seek 
                        to sustain and evolve the ecosystem referenced 
                        in clause (i) to ensure that the exascale 
                        software stack and other research software will 
                        continue to be maintained, hardened, and 
                        otherwise optimized for long-term use on 
                        exascale systems and beyond and reliable 
                        availability to the user community.''; and
          (5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
  ``(e) Next Generation Computing Program.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
        develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing 
        systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In 
        establishing this program, the Secretary shall--
                  ``(A) maintain foundational research programs in 
                mathematical, computational, and computer sciences 
                focused on new and emerging computing needs within the 
                mission of the Department, including post-Moore's law 
                computing architectures, novel approaches to modeling 
                and simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific 
                machine learning, quantum computing, edge computing, 
                extreme heterogeneity, and distributed high-performance 
                computing; and
                  ``(B) retain best practices and maintain support for 
                essential hardware, applications, and software elements 
                of the Exascale Computing Program that are necessary 
                for sustaining the vitality of a long-term capable 
                software ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and
                  ``(C) develop a Department-wide strategy for 
                balancing on-premises and cloud-based computing and 
                scientific data management.
          ``(2) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate, a report on the development and 
        implementation of the strategy outlined in paragraph (1).
  ``(f) Architectural Research in Heterogeneous Computing Systems.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
        research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable 
        computing systems to expand understanding of the potential for 
        heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver 
        high performance, high efficiency computing for Department of 
        Energy mission challenges. This shall include research and 
        development that explores the convergence of big data 
        analytics, simulations, and artificial intelligence to drive 
        the design of heterogenous computing system architectures.
          ``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the 
        Secretary shall ensure coordination between research activities 
        undertaken by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
        program and materials research supported by the Basic Energy 
        Sciences program within the Department of Energy Office of 
        Science.
  ``(g) Energy Efficient Computing Program.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support a program of 
        fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy 
        efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to 
        advanced computing applications, including high performance 
        computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine 
        learning.
          ``(2) Execution.--
                  ``(A) Program.--In carrying out the program under 
                paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                          ``(i) establish a partnership for National 
                        Laboratories, industry partners, and 
                        institutions of higher education for codesign 
                        of energy efficient hardware, technology, 
                        software, and applications across all 
                        applicable program offices of the Department, 
                        and provide access to energy efficient 
                        computing resources to such partners;
                          ``(ii) develop hardware and software 
                        technologies that decrease the energy needs of 
                        advanced computing practices, including through 
                        data center co-design; and
                          ``(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous 
                        computing architectures in collaboration with 
                        the program established under subsection (f) 
                        including neuromorphic computing, persistent 
                        computing, and ultrafast networking; and
                          ``(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for 
                        researchers from institutions of higher 
                        education, National Laboratories, industry, and 
                        other Federal agencies to the energy efficient 
                        computing technologies developed pursuant to 
                        clause (i).
                  ``(B) Selection of partners.--In selecting 
                participants for the partnership established under 
                subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select 
                participants through a competitive, merit review 
                process.
                  ``(C) Report.--Not later than one year after the date 
                of the enactment of the Department of Energy Science 
                for the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
                House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy 
                and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report on--
                          ``(i) the activities conducted under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                          ``(ii) the coordination and management of the 
                        program under subparagraph (A) to ensure an 
                        integrated research program across the 
                        Department.
  ``(h) Energy Sciences Network.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for upgrades 
        to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet 
        the research needs of the Department for highly reliable data 
        transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-
        scale science.
          ``(2) Capabilities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
                  ``(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific networking 
                across the continental United States and the Atlantic 
                Ocean.
                  ``(B) To ensure network reliability.
                  ``(C) To protect the network infrastructure from 
                cyber-attacks.
                  ``(D) To manage transport of exponentially increasing 
                levels of data from the Department's National 
                Laboratories and sites, user facilities, experiments, 
                and sensors.
                  ``(E) To contribute to the integration of 
                heterogeneous computing frameworks and systems.
  ``(i) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support the 
        Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to 
        facilitate collaboration between graduate students and 
        researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to the 
        development of a diverse and inclusive computational workforce 
        to help advance research in areas relevant to the mission of 
        the Department.
          ``(2) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
        Program, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out 
        the activities under this section--
                  ``(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  ``(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  ``(C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024;
                  ``(D) $24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  ``(E) $25,525,631 for fiscal year 2026.
  ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section--
          ``(1) $1,126,350,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $1,222,674,500 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $1,324,320,715 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $1,431,660,115 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $1,535,090,121 for fiscal year 2026.''.
  (b) Quantum Science Network.--
          (1) Definitions.--Section 2 of the National Quantum 
        Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended--
                  (A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); 
                and
                  (B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
          ``(7) Quantum network infrastructure.--The term `quantum 
        network infrastructure' means any facility, expertise, or 
        capability that is necessary to enable the development and 
        deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network 
        technologies.''.
          (2) Department of energy quantum network infrastructure 
        research and development program.--(A) Title IV of the National 
        Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE 
                    RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall carry out a research, development, 
and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network 
infrastructure in order to--
          ``(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum 
        computing systems through the internet and intranet;
          ``(2) improve the precision of measurements of scientific 
        phenomena and physical imaging technologies;
          ``(3) develop secure national quantum communications 
        technologies and strategies; and
          ``(4) demonstrate these capabilities utilizing the 
        Department's Energy Sciences Network User Facility.
  ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
          ``(1) coordinate with--
                  ``(A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                  ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                  ``(C) the Chair of the subcommittee on Quantum 
                Information Science of the National Science and 
                Technology Council established under section 103(a); 
                and
                  ``(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the Economic 
                and Security Implications of Quantum Science;
          ``(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National 
        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other 
        research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure 
        methods and technologies, including--
                  ``(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss 
                optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and 
                classical networking and cybersecurity protocols;
                  ``(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources 
                and transmission, control, and measurement of quantum 
                states;
                  ``(C) quantum interconnects that allow short range 
                local connections between quantum processors;
                  ``(D) transducers for quantum sources and signals 
                between optical and telecommunications regimes and 
                quantum computer-relevant domains, including 
                microwaves;
                  ``(E) development of quantum memory buffers and 
                small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with 
                photon-based quantum bits in the optical or 
                telecommunications wavelengths;
                  ``(F) long-range entanglement distribution at both 
                the terrestrial and space-based level using quantum 
                repeaters, allowing entanglement-based protocols 
                between small- and large scale quantum processors;
                  ``(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and 
                related technologies necessary to create secure long-
                distance quantum communication; and
                  ``(H) integration of systems across the quantum 
                technology stack into traditional computing networks, 
                including the development of remote controlled, high 
                performance, and reliable implementations of key 
                quantum network components by leveraging the expertise, 
                infrastructure and supplemental investments in the 
                Energy Sciences Network User Facility;
          ``(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium 
        (QED-C) to transition component technologies to help facilitate 
        as appropriate the development of a quantum supply chain for 
        quantum network technologies;
          ``(4) advance basic research in advanced scientific 
        computing, particle and nuclear physics, and material science 
        to enhance the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of 
        materials, processes, and physical phenomena relevant to 
        quantum network infrastructure;
          ``(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in 
        collaboration with the Department's Energy Sciences Network 
        User Facility necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental 
        research and development activities with diverse stakeholders 
        from industry, National Laboratories, and institutions of 
        higher education; and
          ``(6) consider quantum network infrastructure applications 
        that span the Department of Energy's missions in energy, 
        environment, and national security.
  ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall 
leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the Department 
of Energy and from--
          ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
          ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
          ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
          ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
          ``(5) the National Laboratories;
          ``(6) industry stakeholders;
          ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
          ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
  ``(d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research plan that 
identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to quantum 
network infrastructure.
  ``(e) Standard of Review.--The Secretary shall review activities 
carried out under this section to determine the achievement of 
technical milestones.
  ``(f) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section, 
$100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

``SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND 
                    TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall establish and carry out a program (to 
be known as the `Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology 
program' or `QUEST program') to encourage and facilitate access to 
United States quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds 
for research purposes in order to--
          ``(1) enhance the United States quantum research enterprise;
          ``(2) educate the future quantum computing workforce; and
          ``(3) accelerate the advancement of United States quantum 
        computing capabilities.
  ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
          ``(1) coordinate with--
                  ``(A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                  ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                  ``(C) the Chair of the Quantum Information Science of 
                the National Science and Technology Council established 
                under section 103(a); and
                  ``(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the Economic 
                and Security Implications of Quantum Science;
          ``(2) provide researchers based within the United States with 
        access to, and use of, United States quantum computing 
        resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process;
          ``(3) consider applications from the National Laboratories, 
        multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher 
        education, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that 
        the Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national 
        leadership on quantum computing related issues; and
          ``(4) consult and coordinate with private sector 
        stakeholders, the user community, and interagency partners on 
        program development and best management practices.
  ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall 
leverage resources and expertise across the Department of Energy and 
from--
          ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
          ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
          ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
          ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
          ``(5) the National Laboratories;
          ``(6) industry stakeholders;
          ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
          ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
  ``(d) Security.--In carrying out the activities authorized by this 
section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the 
National Science Foundation and the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are 
in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
  ``(e) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section--
          ``(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  ``(f) Equitable Use of High-performance Computing Capabilities.--
          ``(1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
        machine learning algorithms can exhibit biases that cause harm 
        to historically marginalized communities.
          ``(2) Policy.--In leveraging high-performance computing 
        systems for research purposes, including through the use of 
        machine learning algorithms for data analysis, the Secretary 
        shall ensure that such capabilities are employed in a manner 
        that mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids 
        harmful algorithmic bias and equitably addresses challenges 
        impacting different populations, including historically 
        marginalized communities.''.
          (B) The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National 
        Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after the item 
        relating to section 402 the following items:

``Sec. 403. Department of energy quantum network infrastructure 
research and development program.
``Sec. 404. Department of energy quantum user expansion for science and 
technology program.''.

SEC. 6. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH.

  (a) Fusion Energy Research.--Section 307 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is amended--
          (1) in subsection (b)--
                  (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``As part of'' and inserting the following:
          ``(1) In general.--As part of'';
                  (B) by redesignating--
                          (i) paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs 
                        (A) and (B), respectively (and by adjusting the 
                        margins of such subparagraphs accordingly); and
                          (ii) in subparagraph (B) (as redesignated by 
                        clause (i)), subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                        clauses (i) and (ii), respectively (and by 
                        adjusting the margins of such clauses 
                        accordingly); and
                  (C) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under subsection (r), there are 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
        activities described in paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2022 through 2026.'';
          (2) in subsection (d)(3)--
                  (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``and $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''; and
                  (B) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(r)''; and
          (3) in subsection (e)(4)--
                  (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``and $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''; and
                  (B) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(r)'';
          (4) in subsection (i)(10)--
                  (A) In the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(r)'';
                  (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                  (C) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                  (D) by adding at the end the following:
                  ``(F) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.'';
          (5) in subsection (j)--
                  (A) by striking ``The Director'' and all that follows 
                through the period and inserting the following:
          ``(1) In general.--
                  ``(A) Establishment.--Within 180 days of enactment of 
                the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, 
                the Director shall establish at least 2 national teams, 
                including public-private partnerships, that will 
                develop conceptual pilot plant designs and technology 
                roadmaps and lead to an engineering design of a pilot 
                plant that will bring fusion to commercial viability.
                  ``(B) Composition.--The national teams shall be 
                composed of developers, manufacturers, universities, 
                national laboratories, and engineering, procurement, 
                and construction industries.''; and
                  (B) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out activities described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                  ``(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  ``(B) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  ``(C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                  ``(D) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  ``(E) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.'';
          (6) in subsection (l)--
                  (A) by striking ``sense of Congress that the United 
                States should support'' and inserting ``sense of 
                Congress that--'';
          ``(1) the United States should support'';
                  (B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated by 
                subparagraph (A) of this paragraph), by striking the 
                period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                  (C) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(2) the Director shall incorporate the findings and 
        recommendations of the report of the Fusion Energy Sciences 
        Advisory Committee entitled `Powering the Future: Fusion and 
        Plasmas' and the report of the National Academies entitled 
        ``Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid'' into the planning process 
        of the Department, including the development of future budget 
        requests to Congress.'';
          (7) by redesignating subsection (o) as subsection (r);
          (8) by inserting after subsection (n) the following:
  ``(o) High-performance Computation Collaborative Research Program.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program to 
        conduct and support collaborative research, development, and 
        demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through high-
        performance computation modeling and simulation techniques, in 
        order to--
                  ``(A) support fundamental research in plasmas and 
                matter at very high temperatures and densities;
                  ``(B) inform the development of a broad range of 
                fusion energy systems; and
                  ``(C) facilitate the translation of research results 
                in fusion energy science to industry.
          ``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant 
        Federal agencies, and prioritize the following objectives:
                  ``(A) Using expertise from the private sector, 
                institutions of higher education, and the National 
                Laboratories to leverage existing, and develop new, 
                computational software and capabilities that 
                prospective users may use to accelerate research and 
                development of fusion energy systems.
                  ``(B) Developing computational tools to simulate and 
                predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be 
                validated through physical experimentation.
                  ``(C) Increasing the utility of the research 
                infrastructure of the Department by coordinating with 
                the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program 
                within the Office of Science.
                  ``(D) Leveraging experience from existing modeling 
                and simulation entities sponsored by the Department.
                  ``(E) Ensuring that new experimental and 
                computational tools are accessible to relevant research 
                communities, including private sector entities engaged 
                in fusion energy technology development.
                  ``(F) Ensuring that newly developed computational 
                tools are compatible with modern virtual engineering 
                and visualization capabilities to accelerate the 
                realization of fusion energy technologies and systems.
          ``(3) Duplication.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of this program with the activities of--
                  ``(A) other research entities of the Department, 
                including the National Laboratories, the Advanced 
                Research Projects Agency-Energy, the Advanced 
                Scientific Computing Research program; and
                  ``(B) industry.
          ``(4) High-performance computing for fusion innovation 
        center.--In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall, in coordination with the Innovation Network 
        for Fusion Energy, establish and operate a national High-
        Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Center (referred to 
        in this section as the `Center'), in order to support the 
        program under paragraph (1) by providing, to the extent 
        practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, 
        collaborative, fusion energy research and development through 
        high performance computing and advanced data analytics 
        technologies and processes.
          ``(5) Selection.--The Secretary shall select the Center under 
        this subsection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The 
        Secretary shall consider applications from National 
        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
        institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
          ``(6) Existing activities.--The Center may incorporate 
        existing research activities that are consistent with the 
        program described in paragraph (1).
          ``(7) Duration.--The Center established under this subsection 
        shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations.
          ``(8) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of support 
        of the Center, the Secretary may renew support for the Center, 
        on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 
        years.
          ``(9) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities 
        of the Department, the Secretary may terminate the Center for 
        cause during the performance period.
  ``(p) Material Plasma Exposure Experiment.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall construct a Material 
        Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020 
        publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
        Committee titled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. The 
        Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, 
        National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
        that this facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs 
        for steady state, high-heat-flux and plasma-material 
        interaction testing of fusion materials over a range of fusion 
        energy relevant parameters.
          ``(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
        the facility described in subsection (a) will provide the 
        following capabilities:
                  ``(A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 Tesla.
                  ``(B) An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m2.
                  ``(C) The ability to expose previously irradiated 
                plasma facing material samples to plasma.
          ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the facility under this section occurs 
        before December 31, 2027.
          ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are funds authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Fusion Energy 
        Sciences to carry out to completion the construction of the 
        facility under this section:
                  ``(A) $32,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  ``(B) $13,400,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  ``(C) $12,600,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                  ``(D) $400,000 for fiscal year 2025.
  ``(q) Matter in Extreme Conditions Instrument Upgrade.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the 
        Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020 
        publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
        Committee titled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. The 
        Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, 
        National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
        that this facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs 
        for understanding physical and chemical changes to plasmas at 
        fundamental timescales, and explore new regimes of dense 
        material physics, astrophysics, planetary physics, and short-
        pulse laser-plasma interactions.
          ``(2) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the facility under this section occurs 
        before December 31, 2028.''; and
          (9) in subsection (r), as so redesignated, by striking 
        paragraphs (2) through (5) and inserting the following:
          ``(2) $1,002,900,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(3) $1,095,707,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(4) $1,129,368,490 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(5) $1,149,042,284 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(6) $1,243,097,244 for fiscal year 2026.''.
  (b) ITER Construction.--Section 972 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16312) is amended in subsection (c)(3)--
          (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
          (2) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
                  ``(B) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  ``(C) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  ``(D) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                  ``(E) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  ``(F) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 7. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PROGRAM.

  (a) Program.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended--
          (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as 
        subsections (d) through (f), respectively; and
          (2) by inserting the following after subsection (a):
  ``(b) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program in elementary particle 
physics and advanced technology research and development to improve the 
understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe, including 
constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time.
  ``(c) High Energy Frontier Research.--As part of the program 
described in subsection (a), the Director shall carry out research 
using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors, including 
accelerators and detectors that will function as national user 
facilities, to create and study interactions of elementary particles 
and investigate fundamental forces.''.
  (b) International Collaboration.--Section 305(d) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643(d)), as 
redesignated under subsection (a), is amended to read as follows:
  ``(d) International Collaboration.--The Director shall--
          ``(1) as practicable and in coordination with other 
        appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of 
        United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator 
        facilities and research capabilities in the world, including 
        the Large Hadron Collider;
          ``(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to leverage 
        United States participation in the Large Hadron Collider, and 
        prioritize expanding international partnerships and investments 
        in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground 
        Neutrino Experiment; and
          ``(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize 
        engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future 
        international facilities that would provide access to the most 
        advanced accelerator facilities in the world to United States 
        researchers.''.
  (c) Cosmic Frontier Research.--Section 305(f) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645(f)), as 
redesignated by subsection (a), is amended to read as follows:
  ``(f) Cosmic Frontier Research.--The Director shall carry out 
research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the 
universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. These 
activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be consistent with 
the research priorities identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory 
Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and may include--
          ``(1) collaborations with the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration, the National Science Foundation, or 
        international partners on relevant projects; and
          ``(2) the development of space-based, land-based, water-
        based, and underground facilities and experiments.''.
  (d) Further Activities.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645), as amended, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
  ``(g) Facility Construction and Major Items of Equipment.--
          ``(1) Projects.--Consistent with the Office of Science's 
        project management practices, the Director shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, incorporate the findings and 
        recommendations of the 2014 Particle Physics Project 
        Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled `Building for 
        Discovery', and support construction or fabrication of--
                  ``(A) an international Long-Baseline Neutrino 
                Facility based in the United States;
                  ``(B) the Proton Improvement Plan II;
                  ``(C) Second Generation Dark Matter experiments;
                  ``(D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera;
                  ``(E) upgrades to detectors and other components of 
                the Large Hadron Collider; and
                  ``(F) other high priority projects recommended in the 
                most recent report of the Particle Physics Project 
                Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics 
                Advisory Panel.
          ``(2) Long-baseline neutrino facility.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to 
                facilitate the international Deep Underground Neutrino 
                Experiment to examine the fundamental properties of 
                neutrinos, explore physics beyond the Standard Model, 
                and better clarify the existence and nature of 
                antimatter.
                  ``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
                will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
                          ``(i) A neutrino beam with wideband 
                        capability of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam power 
                        and upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam power.
                          ``(ii) Three caverns excavated for a 70 
                        kiloton fiducial detector mass and supporting 
                        surface buildings and utilities.
                          ``(iii) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino 
                        detectors.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility under 
                this subsection occurs before December 31, 2031.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out construction of 
                the facility under this subsection--
                          ``(i) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                          ``(iv) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                          ``(v) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
          ``(3) Proton improvement plan-ii accelerator upgrade 
        project.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy shall 
                support construction of the Proton Improvement Plan II, 
                an upgrade to the Fermilab accelerator complex 
                identified in the 2014 Particle Physics Project 
                Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled `Building for 
                Discovery', to provide the world's most intense beam of 
                neutrinos to the international Long Baseline Neutrino 
                Facility as well as abroad range of future high energy 
                physics experiments. The Secretary of Energy shall work 
                with international partners to enable further 
                significant contributions to the capabilities of this 
                project.
                  ``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) 
                will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
                          ``(i) A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron 
                        volt (MeV) superconducting linear accelerator.
                          ``(ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 MW at the 
                        start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 MW of 
                        beam power.
                          ``(iii) A flexible design to enable high 
                        power beam delivery to multiple users 
                        simultaneously and customized beams tailored to 
                        specific scientific needs.
                          ``(iv) Sustained high reliability operation 
                        of the Fermilab accelerator complex.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility under 
                this section occurs before December 31, 2028.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out construction of 
                the facility under this subsection--
                          ``(i) $191,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                          ``(iv) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                          ``(v) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
          ``(4) Cosmic microwave background stage 4.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in 
                partnership with the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation, shall support construction of the Cosmic 
                Microwave Background Stage 4 project to survey the 
                cosmic microwave background to test theories of cosmic 
                inflation as described in the 2014 Particle Physics 
                Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled `Building for 
                Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in 
                the Global Context.'.
                  ``(B) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with 
                the private sector, universities, National 
                Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
                that this experiment is capable of meeting Federal 
                research needs in accessing the ultra-high energy 
                physics of inflation and important neutrino properties.
                  ``(C) Experimental capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the 
                facility described in subsection (a) will provide at 
                minimum, 500,000 superconducting detectors deployed on 
                an array of mm wave telescopes with the required range 
                in frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed which will 
                provide sufficient capability to enable an order of 
                magnitude advance in observations of the Cosmic 
                Microwave Background, delivering transformative 
                discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and 
                astrophysics.
                  ``(D) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility under 
                this section occurs before December 31, 2030.
                  ``(E) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out construction of 
                the facility under this subsection--
                          ``(i) $37,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                          ``(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                          ``(v) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  ``(h) Accelerator and Detector Upgrades.--The Director shall upgrade 
accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and appropriate, to 
increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and improve precision 
measurement to advance the highest priority particle physics research 
programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the Director shall 
continue to work with international partners, when appropriate and in 
the United States' interest, to leverage investments and expertise in 
critical technologies to help build and upgrade accelerator and 
detector facilities in the United States.
  ``(i) Accelerator and Detector Research and Development.--As part of 
the program described in subsection (a), the Director shall carry out 
research and development in particle beam physics, accelerator science 
and technology, and particle and radiation detection with relevance to 
the specific needs of the High Energy Physics program, in coordination 
with the Accelerator Research and Development program authorized in 
section 311.
  ``(j) Underground Science.--The Director shall--
          ``(1) support an underground science program consistent with 
        the missions of the Department and the scientific needs of the 
        High Energy Physics program, including those articulated in the 
        most recent report of the Particle Physics Project 
        Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, 
        that leverages the capabilities of relevant underground science 
        and engineering facilities; and
          ``(2) carry out a competitive grant program to award 
        scientists and engineers at institutions of higher education, 
        nonprofit institutions, and national laboratories to conduct 
        research in underground science and engineering.
  ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section--
          ``(1) $1,355,690,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $1,517,628,300 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $1,652,112,281 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $1,711,460,141 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $1,656,012,351 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 8. NUCLEAR PHYSICS PROGRAM.

  (a) Program.--Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18646) is amended--
          (1) by striking subsection (a);
          (2) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (d); and
          (3) by inserting the following before subsection (d), as so 
        redesignated:
  ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program, and support relevant 
facilities, to discover and understand various forms of nuclear matter.
  ``(b) User Facilities.--
          ``(1) Facility for rare isotope beams.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to 
                advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and 
                the evolution of the cosmos.
                  ``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (c), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out construction of 
                the facility under this subsection $2,000,000 for 
                fiscal year 2022.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility under 
                this section occurs before March 1, 2022.
          ``(2) Electron-ion collider.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of an Electron Ion Collider as described 
                in the 2015 Long Range Plan of the Nuclear Science 
                Advisory Committee and the report from the National 
                Academies titled `An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-
                Ion Collider Science', in order to measure the internal 
                structure of the proton and the nucleus and answer 
                fundamental questions about the nature of visible 
                matter.
                  ``(B) Facility capability.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the facility meets the requirements in the 
                2015 Long Range Plan, including--
                          ``(i) at least 70 percent polarized beams of 
                        electrons and light ions;
                          ``(ii) ion beams from deuterium to the 
                        heaviest stable nuclei;
                          ``(iii) variable center of mass energy from 
                        20 to 140 GeV;
                          ``(iv) high collision luminosity of 
                        1033-34cm-2s-1;
                         and
                          ``(v) the possibility of more than one 
                        interaction region.
                  ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility under 
                this section occurs before December 31, 2030.
                  ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (c), there shall be made 
                available to the Secretary to carry out construction of 
                the facility under this subsection--
                          ``(i) $101,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          ``(ii) $155,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                          ``(iii) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                          ``(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                          ``(v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section--
          ``(1) $780,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $879,390,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $1,025,097,300 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $1,129,354,111 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $1,192,408,899 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 9. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

  The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 
et seq.) is amended by adding after section 309 the following:

``SEC. 310. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

  ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program to--
          ``(1) advance accelerator science and technology relevant to 
        the Department, other Federal agencies, and U.S. industry;
          ``(2) foster partnerships to develop, demonstrate, and enable 
        the commercial application of accelerator technologies;
          ``(3) support the development of a skilled, diverse, and 
        inclusive accelerator workforce; and
          ``(4) provide access to accelerator design and engineering 
        resources.
  ``(b) Accelerator Research.--In carrying out the program authorized 
under subsection (a), the Director shall support--
          ``(1) research activities in cross-cutting accelerator 
        technologies including superconducting magnets and 
        accelerators, beam physics, data analytics-based accelerator 
        controls, simulation software, new particle sources, advanced 
        laser technology, and transformative research; and
          ``(2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test Facility.
  ``(c) Accelerator Development.--In carrying out the program 
authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support 
partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and commercial 
application of accelerator technologies including, advanced 
superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high 
efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators.
  ``(d) Research Collaborations.--In developing accelerator 
technologies under the program authorized in subsection (a), the 
Director shall--
          ``(1) consider the requirements necessary to support 
        translational research and development for medical, industrial, 
        security, and defense applications; and
          ``(2) leverage investments in accelerator technologies and 
        fundamental research in particle physics by partnering with 
        institutes of higher education, industry, and other Federal 
        agencies to enable the commercial application of advanced 
        accelerator technologies.
  ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section--
          ``(1) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $25,680,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $27,477,600 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $29,401,032 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $31,459,104 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 10. ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR RESEARCH APPLICATIONS.

  The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 
et seq.) is amended by adding after section 310 as added by this Act 
the following:

``SEC. 311. ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR RESEARCH 
                    APPLICATIONS.

  ``(a) In General.--The Director--
          ``(1) shall carry out a program in coordination with other 
        relevant programs across the Department of Energy for the 
        production of isotopes, including the development of techniques 
        to produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines are needed 
        for research, medical, industrial, or related purposes, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, in accordance with the 2015 NSAC 
        `Meeting Isotope Needs and Capturing Opportunities For The 
        Future' report; and
          ``(2) shall ensure that isotope production activities carried 
        out under the program under this paragraph do not compete with 
        private industry unless the Director determines that critical 
        national interests require the involvement of the Federal 
        Government.
  ``(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out the program under this subsection--
          ``(1) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $96,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $103,041,000 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $110,253,870 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $117,971,641 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 11. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.

  (a) Program.--Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
  ``(c) Approach.--In carrying out this section, the Director shall 
utilize all available approaches and mechanisms, including capital line 
items, minor construction projects, energy savings performance 
contracts, utility energy service contracts, alternative financing and 
expense funding, as appropriate.
  ``(d) Alternative Financing of Research Facilities and 
Infrastructure.--
          ``(1) In general.--Consistent with section 161(g) of the 
        Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2201(g)), the Management 
        and Operating contractors of the Department may enter into the 
        lease-purchase of research facilities and infrastructure under 
        the scope of their contract with the Department with the 
        approval of the Secretary or their designee.
          ``(2) Limitations.--To carry out lease-purchases approved by 
        the Secretary under subsection (a), the Department shall only 
        be required to have budget authority in an amount sufficient to 
        cover the minimum required lease payments through the period 
        required to exercise a termination provision in the lease 
        agreement, plus any associated lease termination penalties, 
        regardless of whether such leased facility and infrastructure 
        is on or off Government land, and if--
                  ``(A) the Department has established a mission need 
                for the facility or infrastructure to be leased;
                  ``(B) the facility or infrastructure is general 
                purpose, including offices, laboratories, cafeterias, 
                utilities, and data centers;
                  ``(C) the Department is not a party to and has no 
                financial obligations under the lease-purchase 
                transaction entered into by the Management and 
                Operating contractor, other than allowability of the 
                lease cost and conveyance of Government land, if 
                needed;
                  ``(D) the lease-purchase has an advance notice 
                termination provision with reasonable pre-defined 
                penalties that the Management and Operating contractor 
                may exercise, at the direction of the Department, if 
                funding for the lease is no longer available or the 
                mission need ceases to exist;
                  ``(E) there is an option for a no cost transfer of 
                ownership to the Government once the underlying 
                financing is retired, but neither the Management and 
                Operating contractor nor the Department are obligated 
                to purchase the facility or infrastructure at any time 
                during or after the lease term;
                  ``(F) the lease-purchase transaction, assuming 
                exercise of the ownership option, is demonstrated to be 
                the lowest lifecycle cost alternative for the 
                Government; and
                  ``(G) the cumulative annual base rent for all lease-
                purchases of facilities and infrastructure, inclusive 
                of any transactions under consideration, does not 
                exceed 2 percent of the Management and Operating 
                contract operating budget for the year the commitment 
                is made for the lease.
          ``(3) Reporting.--Not later than one year after the date of 
        the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the 
        Future Act, and biennially thereafter, the Department shall 
        submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and 
        the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a 
        report on the lease-purchase transactions that the Management 
        and Operating contractors of the Department entered into under 
        subsection (a) that includes--
                  ``(A) a list of the lease-purchase transactions 
                entered into by each Management and Operating 
                contractor and their respective costs;
                  ``(B) the annual percentage of each Management and 
                Operating contract operating budget that is used for 
                lease-purchase transactions for the year the 
                commitments were made; and
                  ``(C) any other information the Secretary finds 
                appropriate.
  ``(d) Mid-scale Instrumentation Program.--The Director, in 
coordination with each of the programs carried out by the Office of 
Science, shall establish a mid-scale instrumentation program to enable 
the development and acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments 
ranging in cost from $1 million to $20 million each that would 
significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at user facilities.
  ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 
2026.''.

SEC. 12. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

  (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 311 as 
added by this Act the following:

``SEC. 312. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

  ``(a) In General.--The Director shall support the development of a 
scientific workforce through programs that facilitate collaboration 
between K-12, university students, early-career researchers, faculty, 
and the National Laboratories, including through the use of proven 
techniques to expand the number of individuals from underrepresented 
groups pursuing and attaining skills or undergraduate and graduate 
degrees relevant to the Office's mission.
  ``(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 3169 of the 
Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 
7381e) is amended--
          ``(1) by striking, `programs', and inserting `programs, 
        including the NSF INCLUDES National Network,'; and
          ``(2) by striking, `year 1991', and inserting `years 2022 
        through 2026'.''.
  (b) Broadening Participation in Workforce Development for Teachers 
and Scientists.--
          (1) In general.--The Department of Energy Science Education 
        Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381 note) is amended by inserting 
        the following sections after section 3167 (42 U.S.C. 7381c-1):

``SEC. 3167A. BROADENING PARTICIPATION FOR TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall expand opportunities to 
increase the number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly 
skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) 
professionals working in Department of Energy mission-relevant 
disciplines and broaden the recruitment pool to increase diversity, 
including expanded partnerships with Historically Black Colleges, 
Tribal Colleges, Minority Serving Institutions, emerging research 
institutions, and scientific societies.
  ``(b) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the 
Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and make available to the public a plan for broadening 
participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics in programs supported by the Department 
programs, including--
          ``(1) a plan for supporting and leveraging the National 
        Science Foundation INCLUDES National Network;
          ``(2) metrics for assessing the participation of 
        underrepresented groups in Department programs;
          ``(3) experienced and potential barriers to broadening 
        participation of underrepresented groups in Department 
        programs, including recommended solutions; and
          ``(4) any other activities the Secretary finds appropriate.
  ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts authorized to 
be appropriated in section 3169 (42 U.S.C. 7381e), at least $2,000,000 
shall be made available each fiscal year for the activities described 
under this subsection.

``SEC. 3167B. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE THE DIVERSITY, 
                    EQUITY, AND INCLUSION OF HIGHLY SKILLED SCIENCE, 
                    TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) 
                    PROFESSIONALS.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall expand opportunities to 
increase the number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly 
skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) 
professionals working in Department of Energy mission-relevant 
disciplines and broaden the recruitment pool to increase diversity, 
including expanded partnerships with minority-serving institutions, 
non-Research I universities, and scientific societies.
  ``(b) Plan and Outreach Strategy.--
          ``(1) Plan.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
        enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future 
        Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 10-
        year educational plan to fund and expand new or existing 
        programs administered by the Office of Science and sited at the 
        national laboratories and Department of Energy user facilities 
        to expand educational and workforce opportunities for 
        underrepresented high school, undergraduate, and graduate 
        students as well as recent graduates, teachers and faculty in 
        STEM fields. This may include paid internships, fellowships, 
        temporary employment, training programs, visiting student and 
        faculty programs, sabbaticals, and research support.
          ``(2) Outreach capacity.--The Secretary shall include in the 
        plan under paragraph (1) an outreach strategy to improve the 
        advertising, recruitment, and promotion of educational and 
        workforce programs to community colleges, Historically Black 
        Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges, Minority Serving 
        Institutions, and emerging research institutions.
  ``(c) Building Research Capacity.--The Secretary shall develop 
programs that strengthen the research capacity relevant to Office of 
Science disciplines at emerging research institutions, including 
minority-serving institutions, tribal colleges and universities, 
Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and colleges and 
universities. This may include enabling mutually beneficial and jointly 
managed partnerships between research-intensive institutions and 
emerging research institutions, and soliciting research proposals, 
fellowships, training programs, and research support directly from 
emerging research institutions.
  ``(d) Traineeships.--The Secretary shall establish a university-led 
Traineeship Program to address workforce training needs in STEM fields 
relevant to the Department. The focus should be on supporting training 
and research experiences for underrepresented undergraduate and 
graduate students and increasing participation from underrepresented 
populations. The traineeships should include opportunities to build the 
next-generation workforce in research areas critical to maintaining 
core competencies across the Office of Science's programs.
  ``(e) Evaluation.--The Secretary shall establish key performance 
indicators to measure and monitor progress of education and workforce 
programs and expand Departmental activities for data collection and 
analysis. The Secretary shall submit a report 2 years after the date of 
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, and 
every 2 years thereafter, to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate summarizing progress toward meeting 
key performance indicators.
  ``(f) Definitions.--In this section:
          ``(1) Minority-serving institution.--The term `minority-
        serving institution' includes the entities described in any of 
        paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
          ``(2) Historically black college and universities.--The term 
        `Historically Black Colleges and Universities' has the meaning 
        given in `part B institution' in section 322 of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
          ``(3) STEM.--The term `STEM' has the meaning given the term 
        in the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.).
          ``(4) Tribal colleges and universities.--The term `Tribal 
        College or University' has the meaning given in section 316 of 
        the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).''.
          (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents in section 
        2(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
        1991 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
        3167 the following:

``Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities to increase the diversity, 
equity, and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals.''.

SEC. 13. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE; OFFICE OF SCIENCE 
                    EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMPUTING RESEARCH 
                    INITIATIVE; HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM; 
                    AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

  (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 313. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  ``(a) In General.--The Director shall establish a high intensity 
laser research initiative consistent with the recommendations of the 
National Academies report, `Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: 
Reaching for the Brightest Light', and the report from the Brightest 
Light Initiative workshop on `The Future of Intense Ultrafast Lasers in 
the U.S.'. This initiative should include research and development of 
petawatt-scale and of high average power laser technologies necessary 
for future facility needs in discovery science and to advance energy 
technologies, as well as support for a user network of academic and 
national laboratory high intensity laser facilities.
  ``(b) Leverage.--The Director shall also leverage new laser 
technologies for more compact, less complex, and low-cost accelerator 
systems needed for science applications.
  ``(c) Coordination.--The Director shall coordinate this initiative 
among all relevant programs within the Office of Science, and the Under 
Secretary for Science shall coordinate this initiative with other 
relevant programs within the Department as well as within other Federal 
agencies.
  ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated for the Office of Science there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this subsection--
          ``(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

``SEC. 314. HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to reduce 
the consumption of helium for Department grant recipients and 
facilities and encourage helium recycling and reuse. The program shall 
competitively award grants for--
          ``(1) the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, and 
        recycle helium;
          ``(2) the installation, maintenance, and repair of new and 
        existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling equipment; and
          ``(3) helium alternatives research and development 
        activities.
  ``(b) Report.--In carrying out the program under this section, the 
Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate a report, not later than two years 
after the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the 
Future Act, and every 3 years thereafter, on the purchase of helium as 
part of research projects and facilities supported by the Department. 
The report shall include--
          ``(1) the quantity of helium purchased for projects and 
        facilities supported by Department grants;
          ``(2) a cost-analysis for such helium;
          ``(3) the predominant production sources for such helium;
          ``(4) expected or experienced impacts of helium supply 
        shortages or prices on the research projects and facilities 
        supported by the Department; and
          ``(5) recommendations for reducing Department grant 
        recipients' exposure to volatile helium prices.
  ``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under this section, 
the Director shall coordinate with the National Science Foundation and 
other relevant Federal agencies on helium conservation activities.
  ``(d) Duration.--The program established under this section shall 
receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the 
availability of appropriations.
  ``(e) Renewal.--Upon expiration of any period of support of the 
program under this section, the Director may renew support for the 
program for a period of not more than 5 years.

``SEC. 315. OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMPUTING 
                    RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the Director 
of the National Science Foundation and the Administrator of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall establish within 
the Office of Science, a cross-cutting research initiative to leverage 
the Federal Government's innovative analytical resources and tools, 
user facilities, and advanced computational and networking capabilities 
in order to prevent, prepare for, and respond to emerging infectious 
diseases, including COVID-19. The Secretary shall carry out this 
initiative through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider 
applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, multi-institutional collaborations, industry partners and 
other appropriate entities.
  ``(b) Activities.--In carrying out the initiative established under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate with programs across the 
Office of Science and with relevant Federal agencies to determine a 
comprehensive set of technical milestones for these research activities 
and prioritize the following objectives--
          ``(1) supporting fundamental research and development in 
        advanced analytics, experimental studies, materials synthesis, 
        high-performance computing technologies needed to characterize, 
        model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena and biological 
        materials related to emerging infectious diseases, including 
        COVID-19 challenges, including a focus on testing and 
        diagnostics, experimental data acquisition, sharing and 
        management, advanced manufacturing, and molecular design and 
        modeling;
          ``(2) using expertise from the private sector, institutions 
        of higher education, and the National Laboratories to develop 
        computational software and capabilities that prospective users 
        may accelerate emerging infectious diseases research and 
        development;
          ``(3) leveraging the research infrastructure of the 
        Department, including scientific computing user facilities, x-
        ray light sources, neutron scattering facilities, nanoscale 
        science research centers, and sequencing and bio-
        characterization facilities by coordinating with the Advanced 
        Scientific Computing Research, Basic Energy Sciences, and 
        Biological and Environmental Research programs within the 
        Office of Science;
          ``(4) leveraging experience from existing modeling and 
        simulation research and work sponsored by the Department and 
        promoting collaboration and data sharing between National 
        Laboratories, research entities, and user facilities of the 
        Department by providing the necessary access and secure data 
        transfer capabilities; and
          ``(5) ensuring that new experimental and computational tools 
        are accessible to relevant research communities, including 
        private sector entities to address emerging infectious 
        diseases, including COVID-19 challenges.
  ``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out this initiative, the Secretary 
shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, coordination of these 
activities with the Department of Energy National Laboratories, 
institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
  ``(d) Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing 
Research Consortium.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary in coordination with the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of 
        the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall establish and 
        operate an Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance 
        Computing Research Consortium (referred to in this section as 
        the `Consortium'), in order to support the initiative under 
        subsection (a) by providing, to the extent practicable, a 
        centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, 
        emerging infectious disease research and development through 
        high performance computing and advanced data analytics 
        technologies and processes.
          ``(2) Membership.--The members of such consortium may include 
        representatives from relevant Federal agencies, the private 
        sector, institutions of higher education, which can each 
        contribute relevant compute time, capabilities, or other 
        resources.
          ``(3) Activities.--The Consortium shall--
                  ``(A) match applicants with available Federal and 
                private sector computing resources;
                  ``(B) consider supplemental awards for computing 
                partnerships with Consortium members to qualifying 
                entities on a competitive merit-review basis;
                  ``(C) encourage collaboration and communication among 
                member representatives of the consortium and awardees;
                  ``(D) make available the high-performance computing 
                capabilities, expertise, and user facilities of the 
                Department and the National Laboratories; and
                  ``(E) submit an annual report to the Secretary 
                summarizing the activities of the Consortium, 
                including--
                          ``(i) describing each project undertaken by 
                        the Consortium;
                          ``(ii) detailing organizational expenditures; 
                        and
                          ``(iii) evaluating contribution to the 
                        achievement of technical milestones as 
                        determined in subsection (a).
          ``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of the Consortium with the activities of other 
        research entities of the Department, institutions of higher 
        education and the private sector.
  ``(e) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate a report detailing the effectiveness of--
          ``(1) the interagency coordination between each Federal 
        agency involved in the research initiative carried out under 
        this section;
          ``(2) the collaborative research achievements of the 
        initiative, including the achievement of the technical 
        milestones determined under subsection (a); and
          ``(3) potential opportunities to expand the technical 
        capabilities of the Department.
  ``(f) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department's Office of Science, there shall be made available to 
the Secretary to carry out the activities under this subsection, 
$50,000,000 for fiscal years 2022 and 2023.
  ``(g) Prohibition on Use of Funds.--
          ``(1) In general.--No funds allocated to the initiative 
        described in subsection (a) may be obligated or expended for 
        gain-of-function research of concern.
          ``(2) Gain-of-function research defined.--For the purposes of 
        this subsection, `gain-of-function research of concern' means 
        research activities with the potential to generate pathogens 
        with high transmissibility and high virulence in humans.

``SEC. 316. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

  ``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this title--
          ``(1) $8,801,915,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          ``(2) $9,451,015,300 for fiscal year 2023;
          ``(3) $10,160,677,621 for fiscal year 2024;
          ``(4) $10,693,625,004 for fiscal year 2025; and
          ``(5) $11,145,798,345 for fiscal year 2026.''.
  (b) Table of Contents.--Section 1(b) of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act is amended in the table of contents by 
inserting after the item relating to section 309 the following:

``Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development.
``Sec. 311. Isotope Development and Production for Research 
Applications.
``Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative.
``Sec. 314. Helium conservation program.
``Sec. 315. Office of Science Emerging Infectious Disease Computing 
Research Initiative.
``Sec. 316. Authorization of appropriations.''.

SEC. 14. STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES PROHIBITION.

  (a) Innovate in America.--None of the funds authorized or made 
available by this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, may be used 
in awarding a contract, subcontract, grant, or loan to an entity that--
          (1) is owned or controlled by, is a subsidiary of, or is 
        otherwise related legally or financially to a corporation based 
        in a country that--
                  (A) is identified as a nonmarket economy country (as 
                defined in section 771(18) of the Tariff Act of 1930 
                (19 U.S.C. 1677(18))) as of the date of enactment of 
                this Act;
                  (B) was identified by the United States Trade 
                Representative in the most recent report required by 
                section 182 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242) 
                as a priority foreign country under subsection (a)(2) 
                of that section; and
                  (C) is subject to monitoring by the Trade 
                Representative under section 306 of the Trade Act of 
                1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416); or
          (2) is listed pursuant to section 9(b)(3) of the Uyghur Human 
        Rights Policy Act of 2020 (Public Law 116-145).
  (b) Exception.--For purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary may 
issue a waiver, to be made publicly available, to an entity in which 
the legal or financial connection to a corporation is a minority 
relationship or investment.
  (c) International Agreements.--This section shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with the obligations of the United States under 
international agreements.

                        II. Purpose of the Bill

    The purpose of the bill is to amend the Department of 
Energy Organization Act, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act, the National 
Quantum Initiative Act, and the Department of Energy Science 
Education Enhancement Act to provide guidance for and 
investment in the research and development activities of the 
Department of Energy Office of Science, and for other purposes. 
H.R. 3593 is sponsored by Ms. Johnson and co-sponsored by Mr. 
Lucas, Mr. Bowman, and Mr. Weber.

              III. Background and Need for the Legislation

    The Department of Energy Science for the Future Act 
authorizes the Department of Energy's Office of Science, which 
accounts for over half of DOE's non-defense R&D budget and 
supports a wide range of research facilities and activities.
    Comprehensive policy and funding authorization for the 
Office has never been enacted, and many construction projects 
supported by the Office are at risk of schedule delays and 
total cost increases if they are not fully supported. The bill 
authorizes appropriations for the Office of Science of $8.8 
billion for fiscal year 2022 with annual 7% increases for the 
office's core research programs, reaching $11.1 billion for 
fiscal year 2026. In addition to authorizing appropriations for 
core research programs, the bill authorizes Office of Science 
construction projects and upgrades of major scientific user 
facilities at levels required for them to be completed on time 
and on budget, while incorporating COVID-19 related impacts. 
Authorization levels for construction activities and total 
program funding is designed to ensure that support for core 
research can grow annually, independent of each project 
schedule.

                         IV. Committee Hearings

    Pursuant to House Rule XIII, clause 3(c)(6), the Committee 
designates the following hearings as having been used to 
develop or consider the legislation:
    On January 15th, 2020, in a hearing entitled The Department 
of Energy's Office of Science: Exploring the Next Frontiers in 
Energy Research and Scientific Discovery, the Subcommittee 
examined the Office of Science as a whole and analyzed the 
research and development activities and facilities supported by 
the office, considering potential directions for its various 
programs.
    Witnesses
           Dr. Chris Fall, Director, Office of Science, 
        U.S. Department of Energy
    On September 11th, 2020, the Subcommittee on Energy held a 
legislative hearing entitled Biological Research at the 
Department of Energy: Leveraging DOE's Unique Capabilities to 
Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The hearing examined the 
biological research and development activities within the 
Office of Science's Biological and Environmental Research (BER) 
program. It analyzed historic reasons for the Department's 
bioscience research capabilities; how BER's research tools were 
leveraged to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic; and future 
directions for the Department's biological research activities.
    Witnesses
           Dr. Mary Maxon, Associate Laboratory 
        Director for Biosciences, Department of Energy, 
        Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
           Dr. Debra Mohnen, Professor, Department of 
        Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of 
        Georgia
           Dr. Glenn C. Randall, Chair, Committee on 
        Microbiology, The University of Chicago
           Dr. Kelly C. Wrighton, Associate Professor, 
        Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State 
        University
    On May 4th, 2021, the Subcommittee on Energy held a hearing 
entitled Climate and Energy Science Research at the Department 
of Energy that examined the Basic Energy Sciences (BES) program 
as a whole and the Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences 
Division within the Office of Science's BER program. The 
hearing analyzed climate and environmental systems research and 
its importance to understanding and reducing the threat of 
climate change. Within BES, the hearing focused on initiatives 
to advance material and chemical sciences research for a broad 
range of energy applications.
    Witnesses
           Dr. Kristin Persson, Director, Molecular 
        Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
           Dr. Fikile Brushett, Associate Professor of 
        Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of 
        Technology
           Dr. Esther Takeuchi, Chair, 
        Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven 
        National Laboratory
           Dr. Xubin Zeng, Professor, Hydrology and 
        Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona
           Dr. Narasimha Rao, Associate Professor of 
        Energy Systems, Yale School of the Environment
    On May 19th, 2021, in a hearing entitled Accelerating 
Discovery: The Future of Scientific Computing at the Department 
of Energy, the Subcommittee on Energy held a legislative 
hearing that examined the scientific computing capabilities 
stewarded by the Office of Science's Advanced Scientific 
Computing Research (ASCR) program, including its forthcoming 
exascale systems, and the implications of these capabilities 
for other scientific disciplines and their relevance to 
pressing societal challenges.
    Witnesses
           Dr. J. Stephen Binkley, Acting Director, 
        Office of Science, Department of Energy
           Dr. Georgia Tourassi, Director, National 
        Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National 
        Laboratory
           Dr. Karen Willcox, Director, Oden Institute 
        for Computational Engineering and Sciences at The 
        University of Texas at Austin
           Dr. Christopher Monroe, Co-Founder and Chief 
        Scientist, IonQ, Inc.
           Dr. Seny Kamara, Associate Professor, Brown 
        University
    The full Committee held a legislative hearing on May 27th, 
2021 entitled Overview of the Science and Energy Research 
Enterprise of the U.S. Department of Energy, that examined the 
research, development, demonstration, and commercialization 
programs and activities carried out by DOE. It also considered 
the goals and impacts of the Department's Fiscal Year 2022 
discretionary budget request, including funding levels and 
overall support for the Office of Science, facility 
construction, and fusion research.
    Witnesses
           The Honorable Jennifer Granholm, Secretary 
        of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy

                  V. Committee Consideration and Votes

    The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to 
consider H.R. 3593 on June 15, 2021.
    Chairwoman Johnson offered an amendment in the nature of a 
substitute to make technical corrections and conforming 
changes. The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Mr. Foster offered an amendment to direct programs to 
update their roadmaps with the assumption of a budget doubling 
over 10 years. The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Ms. Moore offered an amendment to authorize clean water and 
watershed research efforts. The amendment was agreed to by a 
voice vote.
    Mr. Meijer and Mr. McNerney offered an amendment that 
requires the DOE Secretary to establish an initiative focused 
on the development of engineered ecosystems through artificial 
intelligence, novel sensing capabilities, and other emerging 
technologies. The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Ms. Lofgren offered an amendment that establishes the 
Supercomputing for Safer Chemicals (SUPERSAFE) Consortium to 
leverage supercomputing capabilities at the National 
Laboratories for large scale identification of toxic substances 
and development of safer alternatives. The amendment was 
withdrawn.
    Mr. McNerney offered an amendment that establishes the 
Energy Sciences Network user facility as platform for 
developing and testing quantum networking infrastructure 
technologies. The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Mr. Beyer offered an amendment that establishes national 
teams for conceptual fusion pilot plant designs and technology 
roadmaps. The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Mr. Foster offered an amendment that is a Sense of Congress 
and ensures that Office of Science Authorizations are adjusted 
for inflation. The amendment was withdrawn.
    Mr. Waltz offered an amendment that prohibits gain-of-
function research of concern. The amendment was agreed to by a 
voice vote.
    Mr. Posey offered an amendment that prohibits funds going 
to state-owned enterprises. The amendment was agreed to by a 
voice vote.
    Chairwoman Johnson moved that the Committee favorably 
report the bill, H.R. 3593, as amended, to the House of 
Representatives with the recommendation that the bill be 
approved. The motion was agreed to by a voice vote.

              VI. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill

    H.R. 3593 supports research relevant to advancing the next 
generation of energy storage, solar, hydrogen, critical 
materials, fusion energy, manufacturing, carbon removal, and 
bioenergy technologies, among other areas. It would support the 
modernization of the Office's nanoscience centers, and support 
and guide research in emerging areas, including quantum 
information science and artificial intelligence. The bill 
directs the Office to expand opportunities to increase the 
number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly 
skilled STEM professionals working in DOE mission-relevant 
disciplines. And it requires the Office to coordinate and 
collaborate with other relevant programs supported by DOE as 
well as with other relevant federal agencies.
    The six major research programs authorized in this bill are 
Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Basic Energy Sciences, 
Biological and Environmental Research, Fusion Energy Sciences, 
High Energy Physics, and Nuclear Physics. It also supports 
education initiatives through its Workforce Development for 
Teachers and Scientists program and general infrastructure 
projects for research facilities.

        VII. Section-by-Section Analysis (By Title and Section)


Sec. 1. Short title

    Section 1 establishes that H.R. 3593 may be cited as the 
``Department of Energy Science for the Future Act''.

Sec. 2. Mission of the Office of Science

    Section 2 amends the Department of Energy Organization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7139) by authorizing the Director of the Office of 
Science to steward scientific user facilities and coordinate 
programs and activities of the Office of Science. This section 
also authorizes the Secretary of Energy to coordinate the 
activities of the Office of Science with other offices of the 
Department of Energy and other Federal Agencies.

Sec. 3. Basic energy sciences program

    Subsection (a) amends the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) by authorizing a research and 
development program in basic energy sciences, including 
materials science and engineering, chemical sciences, physical 
biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines; prioritizing 
research and development in sustainable chemistry to enable 
clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies to 
traditional chemical products and processes; and authorizing 
annual appropriations and providing other guidance for major 
construction projects.
    Subsection (b) amends Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) by authorizing various research and 
development activities related to artificial photosynthesis and 
authorizing annual appropriations.
    Subsection (c) amends Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) by authorizing various research and 
development activities related to electricity storage and 
authorizing annual appropriations.

Sec. 4. Biological and environmental research

    Subsection (a) amends Section 306 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) by 
authorizing research and development program in biological 
systems science and climate and environment science relevant to 
the development of new energy technologies and to support the 
energy, environment, and national security missions of the 
Department.
    Subsection (b) amends Section 977(f) of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(f)) by authorizing up to six 
bioenergy research centers focused on fundamental research in 
plant and microbial systems biology, biological imaging and 
analysis, and genomics to accelerate the research, development, 
and commercial application of bioenergy sources and biobased 
products. It also provides guidance on the research thrusts, 
duration, selection, partnership efforts, and other activities 
and characteristics of these centers.
    Subsection (c) amends Section 306(e)(8) of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(e)(8)) 
by authorizing annual appropriations for a Low-Dose Radiation 
Research Program.
    Subsection (d) amends Section 306(f) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(d)) by 
directing the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, to carry out a basic research program on the 
similarities and differences between low-dose radiation 
exposure on Earth, in low-Earth orbit, and in the space 
environment.
    Subsection (e) amends Section 306 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) by: 
authorizing research in Earth and environment systems science, 
including in clean water and watersheds and climate and Earth 
modeling, and through a new mid-scale funding mechanism; 
providing guidance on the stewardship of biological and 
environmental research user facilities; and establishing new 
initiatives in coastal zone research and engineered ecosystems.

Sec. 5. Advanced scientific computing research

    Subsection (a) amends Section 304 0f the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) by 
authorizing: a program to steward applied mathematics, 
computational science, and computer science research relevant 
to the mission of the Department; support research to 
accelerate the development of advanced computing and networking 
technologies; and expansion of funding for the Computational 
Science Graduate Fellowship. Subsection (a) also: provides 
guidance on activities necessary for the long-term sustainment 
of the Exascale computing ecosystem; establishes new 
initiatives in next-generation computing, heterogeneous 
computing architectures, and energy efficient computing; and 
provides guidance on the future of the Energy Sciences Network. 
Finally, Subsection (a) establishes programs to support quantum 
network infrastructure research and development and broaden 
access to quantum computing resources, and directs the 
Secretary of Energy of ensure the equitable use of the 
Department's high-performance computing resources.

Sec. 6. Fusion energy research

    Subsection (a) amends Section 307 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) by 
authorizing: appropriations for research and development of 
fusion materials, inertial fusion concepts for energy 
applications, and a milestone-based development program; the 
establishment of national teams to develop conceptual designs 
and technology roadmaps for a pilot fusion plant; the 
establishment of a high-performance computation collaborative 
research program and an associated innovation center in high-
performance computing for fusion; and construction of the 
Material Plasma Exposure Experiment and the Matter in Extreme 
Conditions Instrument Upgrade project.
    Subsection (b) amends Section 972 of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) by authorizing annual appropriations 
for the construction of the ITER international fusion project.

Sec. 7. High energy physics program

    Subsection (a) amends Section 305 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) by 
authorizing a research program in elementary particle physics 
and associated advanced technology research and development, 
including activities that leverage high energy accelerators and 
advanced detectors to create and study the interaction of 
elementary particles and to investigate the fundamental forces 
of physics.
    Subsection (b) amends Section 305(d) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18634(d)) by 
authorizing the Director to ensure the participation of the 
United States in international efforts related to the Large 
Hadron Collider, encourage international participation in the 
Long Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino 
Experiment, and prioritize engagement in future international 
facilities.
    Subsection (c) amends Section 305(f) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645(f)) by 
authorizing research in fundamental cosmic phenomena and 
collaboration with other Federal Agencies and international 
partners on associated facilities and experiments.
    Subsection (d) amends Section 305 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) by 
authorizing the construction of major facilities and items of 
equipment recommended by the 2014 Particle Physics Project 
Prioritization Panel report entitled ``Building for 
Discovery''; upgrades to existing accelerators and detectors; 
accelerator and detector research and development; and a 
program in underground science.

Sec. 8. Nuclear physics

    Subsection (a) amends Section 308 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18646) by 
authorizing a research program in nuclear matter and providing 
guidance and authorization levels for the construction of the 
Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and the Electron-Ion Collider.

Sec. 9. Accelerator research and development

    Section 9 amends the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) by authorizing a 
program to advance accelerator science and technology of 
relevance to the mission of the Department; foster partnerships 
to develop, demonstrate, and enable the commercial application 
of such technologies; support associated workforce development 
activities; and provide access to accelerator design and 
engineering resources.

Sec. 10. Isotope development and production for research applications

    Section 10 amends the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) by authorizing a 
program to produce isotopes for use in research, medical, 
industrial, and related purposes and to advance isotope 
production methods and techniques. Section 10 also directs the 
Secretary to ensure that any activities carried out under this 
program do not compete with private industry unless such 
activities are warranted by national security concerns.

Sec. 11. Science laboratories infrastructure program

    Subsection (a) amends Section 309 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18647) by 
authorizing the Director of the Office of Science to employ all 
available approaches and funding mechanisms to address science 
laboratory infrastructure needs; specifying limitations for 
pursuing alternative financing means; and mandating a biennial 
report on the Department's lease-purchase transactions. 
Subsection (a) also establishes a mid-scale instrumentation 
program to enable the acquisition and development of 
instruments ranging in cost between $1 million and $20 million.

Sec. 12. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists

    Subsection (a) amends the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) by authorizing the 
Director of the Office of Science to support the development of 
a scientific workforce through programs that foster 
collaboration between K-12 students, university students, 
early-career researchers, faculty, and national laboratories, 
including through proven mechanisms for engaging individuals 
from underrepresented groups.
    Subsection (b) amends the Department of Energy Science 
Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381) by directing the 
Secretary of Energy to expand opportunities to increase the 
number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly 
skilled STEM professionals working in the Department's mission-
relevant disciplines and broaden the recruitment pool to 
increase diversity, including expanded partnerships with 
minority-serving institutions, emerging research institutions, 
and scientific societies. Subsection (b) also directs the 
Office of Science to collaborate with the National Science 
Foundation to support and leverage the National Science 
Foundation Inclusion across the Nation of Communities of 
Learners of Underrepresented Discoverers in Engineering and 
Science (NSF INCLUDES) National Network to expand the number of 
students, early-career researchers, and faculty from 
underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or 
undergraduate and graduate degrees in science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics fields relevant to the 
Department's mission.

Sec. 13. High intensity laser research initiative; office of science 
        emerging infectious disease initiative; helium conservation 
        program; authorization of appropriations

    Subsection (a) amends the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) by authorizing the 
establishment of a high intensity laser research initiative to 
advance laser technologies relevant to future facility needs in 
discovery science as well as to support a user network of 
academic and national laboratory high intensity laser 
facilities; and establishes a program to reduce the use of 
helium among the Department's grantees and facilities by 
encouraging recycling and reuse. This subsection also 
authorizes the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration and the Director of the National Science 
Foundation, to carry out a crosscutting initiative that 
leverages the Federal Government's relevant analytical 
resources and tools, user facilities, and advanced 
computational and networking capabilities to prevent, prepare 
for, and respond to emerging infectious diseases, including 
COVID-19. Finally, subsection (a) also authorizes annual 
appropriations for the Office of Science.
    Subsection (b) amends Section 1(b) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act by inserting a Table of 
Contents that reflects the amendatory language included in H.R. 
3593.

Sec. 14. State owned enterprises prohibition

    Subsection (a) stipulates that none of the funds authorized 
under H.R. 3593 may be used in awarding a contract, 
subcontract, grant, or loan to any entity that is legally or 
financially related to a corporation based in a country that is 
identified as a nonmarket economy country pursuant to Section 
771(18) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(18)); was 
identified by the U.S. Trade Representative as a priority 
foreign country pursuant to Section 182(a)(2) of the Trade Act 
of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242); or is subject to monitoring by the 
U.S. Trade Representative under Section 306 of the Trade Act of 
1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416). This subsection also prohibits the use 
of funds authorized under H.R. 3593 from being awarded to any 
entity that is legally or financially related to a corporation 
based in a country that is listed pursuant to Section 9(b)(3) 
of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (Public Law 116 
145).
    Subsection (b) authorizes the Secretary of Energy to grant 
a publicly available waiver to a an entity that might qualify 
under Subsection (a) if such an entity possesses a minority 
relationship or investment.
    Subsection (c) stipulates that Section 14 shall be applied 
in a manner that is consistent with U.S. obligations under 
international agreements.

                         VIII. Committee Views

    In carrying out the activities authorized in the Act, it is 
the view of the Committee that the Department should ensure 
that future budget requests include the resources required to 
maintain the previously approved schedule of construction 
activities supported by the Department and minimize the total 
costs for such projects. It is also the view of the Committee 
that the Department should maintain and, as authorized, grow 
its support for non-construction research activities in 
promising scientific fields even as it invests in building the 
next generation of scientific facilities and tools.

                           IX. Cost Estimate

    The committee establishes cost estimates based on CBO 
scores but, at the time of the filing of this report, there was 
no CBO estimate upon which to base the committee's cost 
estimate.

              X. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

    No Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate at the time of 
filing.

                     XI. Federal Mandates Statement

    H.R. 3593 contains no unfunded mandates.

         XII. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations

    The Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are 
reflected in the body of this report.

      XIII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives

    Pursuant to House Rule XIII clause (3)(c)(4), the goals of 
H.R. 3593 are to provide guidance for and investment in the 
research and development activities of the Department of Energy 
Office of Science, and to fully fund construction projects that 
are planned or underway stewarded by the Office of Science.

               XIV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement

    No Federal Advisory Committees are created in H.R. 3593.

                  XV. Duplication of Federal Programs

    Pursuant to House Rule XIII 3(c)(5), the Committee finds 
that no provision of H.R. 3593 establishes or reauthorizes a 
program of the federal government known to be duplicative of 
another federal program, including any program that was 
included in a report to Congress pursuant to section 21 of 
Public Law 111-139 or the most recent Catalog of Federal 
Domestic Assistance.

                      XVI. Earmark Identification

    Pursuant to clause 9(e), 9(f), and 9(g) of House Rule XXI, 
the Committee finds that H.R. 3593 contains no earmarks, 
limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits.

             XVII. Applicability to the Legislative Branch

    The Committee finds that H.R. 3593 does not relate to the 
terms and conditions of employment or access to public services 
or accommodations within the meaning of section 102(b)(3) of 
the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 104-1).

     XVIII. Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law

    This bill is not intended to preempt any state, local, or 
tribal law.

       XIX. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no 
change is proposed is shown in roman):

                 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ORGANIZATION ACT




           *       *       *       *       *       *       *
TITLE II--ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *



                           office of science

  Sec. 209. (a) There shall be within the Department an Office 
of Science to be headed by a Director, who shall be appointed 
by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, and who shall be compensated at the rate provided for 
level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 
5, United States Code.
  (b) It shall be the duty and responsibility of the Director--
          (1) to advise the Secretary with respect to the 
        physical research program transferred to the Department 
        from the Energy Research and Development 
        Administration;
          (2) to monitor the Department's energy research and 
        development programs in order to advise the Secretary 
        with respect to any undesirable duplication or gaps in 
        such programs;
          (3) to advise the Secretary with respect to the well-
        being and management of the multipurpose laboratories 
        under the jurisdiction of the Department, excluding 
        laboratories that constitute part of the nuclear 
        weapons complex;
          (4) to advise the Secretary with respect to education 
        and training activities required for effective short- 
        and long-term basic and applied research activities of 
        the Department;
          (5) to advise the Secretary with respect to grants 
        and other forms of financial assistance required for 
        effective short- and long-term basic and applied 
        research activities of the Department; and
          (6) to carry out such additional duties assigned to 
        the Office by the Secretary.
  (c) Mission.--The mission of the Office of Science shall be 
the delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, and major 
scientific tools to transform the understanding of nature and 
to advance the energy, economic, and national security of the 
United States.
  (d) User Facilities.--The Director shall carry out the 
construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to 
support the mission described in subsection (c). As 
practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs of the 
Department, industry, the academic community, and other 
relevant entities for the purposes of advancing the missions of 
the Department, improving the competitiveness of the United 
States, protecting public health and safety, and addressing 
other national priorities including emergencies.
  (e) Coordination.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary--
                  (A) shall ensure the coordination of the 
                Office of Science with the other activities of 
                the Department;
                  (B) shall support joint activities among the 
                programs of the Department;
                  (C) shall coordinate with other relevant 
                Federal agencies in supporting advancements in 
                related research areas as appropriate; and
                  (D) may form partnerships to enhance the 
                utilization of and ensure access to user 
                facilities by other Federal agencies.
          (2) Office of science.--The Director--
                  (A) shall ensure the coordination of programs 
                and activities carried out by the Office of 
                Science; and
                  (B) shall direct all programs which have not 
                recently completed a future planning roadmap 
                consistent with the funding of such programs 
                authorized under the Department of Energy 
                Science for the Future Act to complete such a 
                roadmap.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              


            DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH AND INNOVATION ACT


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act''.
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is 
as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
     * * * * * * *

        TITLE III--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF SCIENCE POLICY

     * * * * * * *
Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development.
Sec. 311. Isotope Development and Production for Research Applications.
Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative.
Sec. 314. Helium conservation program.
Sec. 315. Office of Science Emerging Infectious Disease Computing 
          Research Initiative.
Sec. 316. Authorization of appropriations.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE III--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF SCIENCE POLICY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 303. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES.

  (a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research and 
development program in basic energy sciences, including 
materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences, physical 
biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines, to understand, 
model, and control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, 
and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for 
new energy technologies, address scientific grand challenges, 
and support the energy, environment, and national security 
missions of the Department.
  (b) Sustainable Chemistry.--In carrying out chemistry-related 
research and development activities under this section, the 
Director shall prioritize research and development of 
sustainable chemistry to support clean, safe, and economic 
alternatives and methodologies to traditional chemical products 
and processes.
  [(a)] (c) Energy Frontier Research Centers.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a 
        program to provide awards, on a competitive, merit-
        reviewed basis, to multi-institutional collaborations 
        or other appropriate entities to conduct fundamental 
        and use-inspired energy research to accelerate 
        scientific breakthroughs.
          (2) Collaborations.--A collaboration receiving an 
        award under this subsection may include multiple types 
        of institutions and private sector entities.
          (3) Selection and duration.--
                  (A) In general.--A collaboration under this 
                subsection shall be selected for a period of 4 
                years.
                  (B) Existing centers.--An Energy Frontier 
                Research Center in existence and supported by 
                the Director on the date of enactment of this 
                Act may continue to receive support for a 
                period of 4 years beginning on the date of 
                establishment of that center.
                  (C) Reapplication.--After the end of the 
                period described in subparagraph (A) or (B), as 
                applicable, a recipient of an award may reapply 
                for selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
                basis.
                  (D) Termination.--Consistent with the 
                existing authorities of the Department, the 
                Director may terminate an underperforming 
                center for cause during the performance period.
          (4) No funding for construction.--No funding provided 
        pursuant to this subsection may be used for the 
        construction of new buildings or facilities.
  [(b)] (d) Basic Energy Sciences User Facilities.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a 
        program for the development, construction, operation, 
        and maintenance of national user facilities.
          (2) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, 
        the national user facilities developed, constructed, 
        operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall serve 
        the needs of the Department, industry, the academic 
        community, and other relevant entities to create and 
        examine materials and chemical processes for the 
        purpose of improving the competitiveness of the United 
        States.
          (3) Included facilities.--The national user 
        facilities developed, constructed, operated, or 
        maintained under paragraph (1) shall include--
                  (A) x-ray light sources;
                  (B) neutron sources;
                  (C) nanoscale science research centers; [and]
                  (D) autonomous chemistry and materials 
                synthesis and characterization facilities that 
                leverage advances in artificial intelligence; 
                and
                  [(D)] (E) such other facilities as the 
                Director considers appropriate, consistent with 
                section 209 of the Department of Energy 
                Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
          (4) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
                  (A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          (i) Flux.--The term ``flux'' means 
                        the rate of flow of photons.
                          (ii) Hard x-ray.--The term ``hard x-
                        ray'' means a photon with energy 
                        greater than 20 kiloelectron volts.
                  (B) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                for the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source 
                described in the publication approved by the 
                Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
                June 9, 2016, titled ``Report on Facility 
                Upgrades'', including the development of a 
                multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high 
                flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray 
                energy region and a suite of beamlines 
                optimized for this source.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before March 31, 2026.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                the upgrade under this paragraph $157,000,000 
                for fiscal year 2022.
          (5) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                for the proton power upgrade to the Spallation 
                Neutron Source.
                  (B) Proton power upgrade defined.--For the 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term ``proton 
                power upgrade'' means the Spallation Neutron 
                Source power upgrade described in--
                          (i) the publication titled 
                        ``Facilities for the Future of Science: 
                        A Twenty-Year Outlook'', published by 
                        the Office of Science of the Department 
                        of Energy in December, 2003;
                          (ii) the publication titled ``Four 
                        Years Later: An Interim Report on 
                        Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
                        Twenty-Year Outlook'', published by the 
                        Office of Science of the Department of 
                        Energy in August, 2007; and
                          (iii) the publication approved by the 
                        Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
                        Committee on June 9, 2016, titled 
                        ``Report on Facility Upgrades''.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2028.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                the upgrade under this paragraph $49,800,000 
                for fiscal year 2022.
          (6) Spallation neutron source second target 
        station.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                for a second target station for the Spallation 
                Neutron Source.
                  (B) Second target station defined.--For the 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term ``second 
                target station'' means the Spallation Neutron 
                Source second target station described in--
                          (i) the publication titled, 
                        ``Facilities for the Future of Science: 
                        A Twenty-Year Outlook'', published by 
                        the Office of Science of the Department 
                        of Energy in December, 2003;
                          (ii) the publication titled, ``Four 
                        Years Later: An Interim Report on 
                        Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
                        Twenty-Year Outlook'', published by the 
                        Office of Science of the Department of 
                        Energy in August, 2007; and
                          (iii) the publication approved by the 
                        Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
                        Committee on June 9, 2016, titled 
                        ``Report on Facility Upgrades''.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the second target station under 
                this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030, 
                with the option for early operation in 2029.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                the activities under this paragraph, including 
                construction--
                          (i) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          (ii) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024;
                          (iv) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025; and
                          (v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2026.
          (7) Advanced light source upgrade.--
                  (A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          (i) Flux.--The term ``flux'' means 
                        the rate of flow of photons.
                          (ii) Soft x-ray.--The term ``soft x-
                        ray'' means a photon with energy in the 
                        range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts.
                  (B) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                for the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source 
                described in the publication approved by the 
                Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
                June 9, 2016, titled ``Report on Facility 
                Upgrades'', including the development of a 
                multibend achromat lattice to produce a high 
                flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray 
                energy region.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before September 30, 2029.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                the upgrade under this paragraph--
                          (i) $75,100,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          (ii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024;
                          (iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025; and
                          (v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
          (8) Linac coherent light source ii high energy 
        upgrade.--
                  (A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          (i) High energy x-ray.--The term 
                        ``high energy x-ray'' means a photon 
                        with an energy in the 5 to 13 
                        kiloelectron volt range.
                          (ii) High repetition rate.--The term 
                        ``high repetition rate'' means the 
                        delivery of x-ray pulses up to 1 
                        million pulses per second.
                          (iii) Ultra-short pulse x-rays.--The 
                        term ``ultra-short pulse x-rays'' means 
                        x-ray bursts capable of durations of 
                        less than 100 femtoseconds.
                  (B) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                          (i) provide for the upgrade to the 
                        Linac Coherent Light Source II facility 
                        described in the publication approved 
                        by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
                        Committee on June 9, 2016, titled 
                        ``Report on Facility Upgrades'', 
                        including the development of 
                        experimental capabilities for high 
                        energy x-rays to reveal fundamental 
                        scientific discoveries; and
                          (ii) ensure such upgrade enables the 
                        production and use of high energy, 
                        ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a 
                        high repetition rate.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2026.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                the upgrade under this paragraph--
                          (i) $106,925,000 for fiscal year 
                        2022;
                          (ii) $125,925,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024;
                          (iv) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025; and
                          (v) $49,344,000 for fiscal year 2026.
          (9) Cryomodule repair and maintenance facility.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                for the construction of a cryomodule repair and 
                maintenance facility to service the Linac 
                Coherent Light Source II and upgrades to the 
                facility. The Secretary shall consult with the 
                private sector, universities, National 
                Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to 
                ensure that this facility has the capability to 
                maintain, repair, and test superconducting 
                radiofrequency accelerator components.
                  (B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                the activities under this paragraph--
                          (i) $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          (ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024; and
                          (iv) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025.
          (10) Nanoscale science research center 
        recapitalization project.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                for the recapitalization of the Nanoscale 
                Science Research Centers, to include the 
                upgrade of equipment at each Center supported 
                by the Office of Science on the date of 
                enactment of the Department of Energy Science 
                for the Future Act, to accelerate advances in 
                the various fields of science including 
                nanoscience, materials, chemistry, biology, and 
                quantum information science.
                  (B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                the recapitalization under this paragraph--
                          (i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          (ii) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024; and
                          (iv) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025.
  [(c)] (e) Accelerator Research and Development.--The Director 
shall carry out research and development on advanced 
accelerator and storage ring technologies relevant to the 
development of basic energy sciences user facilities, in 
consultation with the High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 
programs of the Office of Science.
  [(d)] (f) Solar Fuels Research Initiative.--
          (1) In general.--Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act 
        of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended to read as 
        follows:

``SEC. SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  ``(a) Initiative.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        research initiative, to be known as the `Solar Fuels 
        Research Initiative' (referred to in this section as 
        the `Initiative') to expand theoretical and fundamental 
        knowledge of photochemistry, electrochemistry, 
        biochemistry, and materials science useful for the 
        practical development of experimental systems to 
        convert solar energy to chemical energy.
          ``(2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and 
        activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
        leverage expertise and resources from--
                  ``(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and 
                the Biological and Environmental Research 
                Program of the Office of Science; and
                  ``(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
                Renewable Energy.
          ``(3) Teams.--
                  ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                Initiative, the Secretary shall organize 
                activities among multidisciplinary teams to 
                leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                expertise from the National Laboratories, 
                institutions of higher education, and the 
                private sector.
                  ``(B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue 
                aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research 
                goals.
                  ``(C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide 
                sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary 
                teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve 
                the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a 
                period of time to be determined by the 
                Secretary.
          ``(4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may 
        organize additional activities under this subsection 
        through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy 
        Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.
  ``(b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
        under the Initiative a program to support research 
        needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover 
        knowledge relevant to, artificial photosynthetic 
        systems.
          ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described 
        in paragraph (1)--
                  ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
                pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, 
                including--
                          ``(i) photoinduced production of 
                        hydrogen and oxygen from water; and
                          ``(ii) the sustainable photoinduced 
                        reduction of carbon dioxide to fuel 
                        products including hydrocarbons, 
                        alcohols, carbon monoxide, and natural 
                        gas; and
                  ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          ``(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.
  ``(c) Biochemistry, Replication of Natural Photosynthesis, 
and Related Processes.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
        under the Initiative a program to support research 
        needed to replicate natural photosynthetic processes by 
        use of artificial photosynthetic components and 
        materials.
          ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described 
        in paragraph (1)--
                  ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
                expand fundamental knowledge to replicate 
                natural synthesis processes, including--
                          ``(i) the photoinduced reduction of 
                        dinitrogen to ammonia;
                          ``(ii) the absorption of carbon 
                        dioxide from ambient air;
                          ``(iii) molecular-based charge 
                        separation and storage;
                          ``(iv) photoinitiated electron 
                        transfer; and
                          ``(v) catalysis in biological or 
                        biomimetic systems;
                  ``(B) the Associate Director of Biological 
                and Environmental Research shall support 
                systems biology and genomics approaches to 
                understand genetic and physiological pathways 
                connected to photosynthetic mechanisms; and
                  ``(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          ``(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.''.
          (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for 
        the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by striking 
        the item relating to section 973 and inserting the 
        following:

````Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.''.''
  [(e)] (g) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--
          (1) In general.--Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act 
        of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended to read as 
        follows:

``SEC. SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  ``(a) Initiative.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        research initiative, to be known as the `Electricity 
        Storage Research Initiative' (referred to in this 
        section as the `Initiative')--
                  ``(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental 
                knowledge to control, store, and convert--
                          ``(i) electrical energy to chemical 
                        energy; and
                          ``(ii) chemical energy to electrical 
                        energy; and
                  ``(B) to support scientific inquiry into the 
                practical understanding of chemical and 
                physical processes that occur within systems 
                involving crystalline and amorphous solids, 
                polymers, and organic and aqueous liquids.
          ``(2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and 
        activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
        leverage expertise and resources from--
                  ``(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the 
                Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, 
                and the Biological and Environmental Research 
                Program of the Office of Science; and
                  ``(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
                Renewable Energy.
          ``(3) Teams.--
                  ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                Initiative, the Secretary shall organize 
                activities among multidisciplinary teams to 
                leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                expertise from the National Laboratories, 
                institutions of higher education, and the 
                private sector.
                  ``(B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue 
                aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research 
                goals.
                  ``(C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide 
                sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary 
                teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve 
                the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a 
                period of time to be determined by the 
                Secretary.
          ``(4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may 
        organize additional activities under this subsection 
        through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy 
        Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.
  ``(b) Multivalent Systems.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
        under the Initiative a program to support research 
        needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover 
        knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion materials in 
        electric energy storage systems.
          ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described 
        in paragraph (1)--
                  ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences shall investigate 
                electrochemical properties and the dynamics of 
                materials, including charge transfer phenomena 
                and mass transport in materials; and
                  ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          ``(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.
  ``(c) Electrochemistry Modeling and Simulation.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
        under the Initiative a program to support research to 
        model and simulate organic electrolytes, including the 
        static and dynamic electrochemical behavior and 
        phenomena of organic electrolytes at the molecular and 
        atomic level in monovalent and multivalent systems.
          ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described 
        in paragraph (1)--
                  ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences, in coordination with the 
                Associate Director of Advanced Scientific 
                Computing Research, shall support the 
                development of high performance computational 
                tools through a joint development process to 
                maximize the effectiveness of current and 
                projected high performance computing systems; 
                and
                  ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          ``(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.
  ``(d) Mesoscale Electrochemistry.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
        under the Initiative a program to support research 
        needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined mesoscale 
        spaces, including scientific discoveries relevant to--
                  ``(A) bio-electrochemistry and 
                electrochemical energy conversion and storage 
                in confined spaces; and
                  ``(B) the dynamics of the phenomena described 
                in subparagraph (A).
          ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described 
        in paragraph (1)--
                  ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences and the Associate Director of 
                Biological and Environmental Research shall 
                investigate phenomena of mesoscale 
                electrochemical confinement for the purpose of 
                replicating and controlling new electrochemical 
                behavior; and
                  ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          ``(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.''.
          (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for 
        the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by striking 
        the item relating to section 975 and inserting the 
        following:

````Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative.''.''
  (h) Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall support a program 
        of research and development for the application of 
        advanced computing practices to foundational and 
        emerging research problems in chemistry and materials 
        science. Research activities shall include--
                  (A) chemical catalysis research and 
                development;
                  (B) the use of large data sets to model 
                materials phenomena, including through advanced 
                characterization of materials, materials 
                synthesis, processing, and innovative use of 
                experimental and theoretical data;
                  (C) co-design of chemical system and 
                chemistry modeling software with advanced 
                computing systems and hardware technologies; 
                and
                  (D) modeling of chemical processes, 
                assemblies, and reactions such as molecular 
                dynamics and quantum chemistry, including 
                through novel computing methods.
          (2) Computational materials and chemical sciences 
        centers.--
                  (A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                activities authorized under paragraph (1), the 
                Director shall select and establish up to six 
                computational materials and chemical sciences 
                centers to--
                          (i) develop open-source, robust, and 
                        validated computational codes and user-
                        friendly software, coupled with 
                        innovative use of experimental and 
                        theoretical data, to enable the design, 
                        discovery, and development of new 
                        materials and chemical systems; and
                          (ii) focus on overcoming challenges 
                        and maximizing the benefits of exascale 
                        and other high performance computing 
                        underpinned by accelerated node 
                        technologies.
                  (B) Selection.--The Director shall select 
                centers under subparagraph (A) on a 
                competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director 
                shall consider applications from the National 
                Laboratories, institutes of higher education, 
                multi-institutional collaborations, and other 
                appropriate entities.
                  (C) Duration.--
                          (i) A center selected under 
                        subparagraph (A) shall receive support 
                        for a period of not more than 5 years 
                        beginning on the date of establishment 
                        of that center, subject to the 
                        availability of appropriations.
                          (ii) A center already in existence on 
                        the date of enactment of the Department 
                        of Energy Science for the Future Act 
                        may continue to receive support for a 
                        period of not more than 5 years 
                        beginning on the date of establishment 
                        of that center.
                  (D) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any 
                period of support of a center under this 
                subsection, the Director may renew support for 
                the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a 
                period of not more than 5 years.
                  (E) Termination.--Consistent with the 
                existing authorities of the Department, the 
                Director may terminate an underperforming 
                center for cause during the performance period.
  (i) Materials Research Database.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall support the 
        development of a web-based platform to develop and 
        provide access to a database of computed information on 
        known and predicted materials properties and 
        computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs in 
        materials discovery and design.
          (2) Program.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Director shall--
                  (A) conduct cooperative research with 
                industry, academia, and other research 
                institutions to advance understanding, 
                prediction, and manipulation of materials and 
                facilitate the design of novel materials;
                  (B) develop and maintain data infrastructure 
                at user facilities that generate data to 
                collect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare 
                the data for inclusion in the database;
                  (C) leverage existing high performance 
                computing systems to conduct high throughput 
                calculations, and develop computational and 
                data mining algorithms for the prediction of 
                material properties;
                  (D) strengthen the foundation for new 
                technologies and advanced manufacturing; and
                  (E) drive the development of advanced 
                materials for applications that span the 
                Department's missions in energy, environment, 
                and national security.
          (3) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, 
        the Director shall leverage programs and activities 
        across the Department, including computational 
        materials and chemical sciences centers established 
        under subsection (h).
          (4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
        appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
        available to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $10,000,000 for each of the 
        fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
  (j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in this section--
          (1) $2,727,705,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $2,828,896,600 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $3,019,489,612 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $3,161,698,885 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $3,291,651,600 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 304. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH.

  (a) In General.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out, in coordination 
with academia and relevant public and private sector entities, 
a research, development, and demonstration program to--
          (1) steward applied mathematics, computational 
        science, and computer science research relevant to the 
        missions of the Department and the competitiveness of 
        the United States;
          (2) develop modeling, simulation, and other 
        computational tools relevant to other scientific 
        disciplines and to the development of new energy 
        technologies and other technologies;
          (3) advance computating and networking capabilities 
        for data-driven discovery; and
          (4) develop advanced scientific computing hardware 
        and software tools for science and engineering.
  [(a)] (b) American Super Computing Leadership.--
          (1) Renaming of act.--
                  (A) In general.--Section 1 of the Department 
                of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act 
                of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5501 note; Public Law 108-
                423) is amended by striking ``Department of 
                Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 
                2004'' and inserting ``American Super Computing 
                Leadership Act of 2017''.
                  (B) Conforming amendment.--Section 976(a)(1) 
                of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
                16316(1)) is amended by striking ``Department 
                of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act 
                of 2004'' and inserting ``American Super 
                Computing Leadership Act of 2017''.
          (2) Definitions.--Section 2 of the American Super 
        Computing Leadership Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541) is 
        amended--
                  (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through 
                (5) as paragraphs (3) through (6), 
                respectively;
                  (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting 
                the following:
          ``(1) Department.--The term `Department' means the 
        Department of Energy.
          ``(2) Exascale computing.--The term `exascale 
        computing' means computing through the use of a 
        computing machine that performs near or above 10 to the 
        18th power operations per second.''; and
                  (C) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by 
                subparagraph (A)), by striking ``, acting 
                through the Director of the Office of Science 
                of the Department of Energy''.
          (3) Department of energy high-end computing research 
        and development program.--Section 3 of the American 
        Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 5542) 
        is amended--
                  (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking 
                ``program'' and inserting ``coordinated program 
                across the Department'';
                  (B) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``, 
                which may'' and all that follows through 
                ``architectures''; and
                  (C) by striking subsection (d) and inserting 
                the following:
  ``(d) Exascale Computing Program.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a 
        research program (referred to in this subsection as the 
        `Program') for exascale computing, including the 
        development of two or more exascale computing machine 
        architectures, to promote the missions of the 
        Department.
          ``(2) Execution.--
                  ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                Program, the Secretary shall--
                          ``(i) establish two or more National 
                        Laboratory partnerships with industry 
                        partners and institutions of higher 
                        education for the research and 
                        development of two or more exascale 
                        computing architectures across all 
                        applicable organizations of the 
                        Department;
                          ``(ii) conduct mission-related 
                        codesign activities in developing the 
                        exascale computing architectures under 
                        clause (i);
                          ``(iii) develop such advancements in 
                        hardware and software technology as are 
                        required to fully realize the potential 
                        of an exascale production system in 
                        addressing Department target 
                        applications and solving scientific 
                        problems involving predictive modeling 
                        and simulation and large scale data 
                        analytics and management;
                          ``(iv) explore the use of exascale 
                        computing technologies to advance a 
                        broad range of science and engineering; 
                        and
                          ``(v) provide, as appropriate, on a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed basis, 
                        access for researchers in industries in 
                        the United States, institutions of 
                        higher education, National 
                        Laboratories, and other Federal 
                        agencies to the exascale computing 
                        systems developed pursuant to clause 
                        (i).
                  ``(B) Selection of partners.--The Secretary 
                shall select the partnerships with the 
                computing facilities of the Department under 
                subparagraph (A) through a competitive, peer-
                review process.
          ``(3) Codesign and application development.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                          ``(i) carry out the Program through 
                        an integration of applications, 
                        computer science, applied mathematics, 
                        and computer hardware architecture 
                        using the partnerships established 
                        pursuant to paragraph (2) to ensure 
                        that, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, two or more exascale 
                        computing machine architectures are 
                        capable of solving Department target 
                        applications and broader scientific 
                        problems, including predictive modeling 
                        and simulation and large scale data 
                        analytics and management; and
                          ``(ii) conduct outreach programs to 
                        increase the readiness for the use of 
                        such platforms by domestic industries, 
                        including manufacturers.
                  ``(B) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to 
                Congress a report describing--
                          ``(i) how the integration under 
                        subparagraph (A) is furthering 
                        application science data and 
                        computational workloads across 
                        application interests, including 
                        national security, material science, 
                        physical science, cybersecurity, 
                        biological science, the Materials 
                        Genome and BRAIN Initiatives of the 
                        President, advanced manufacturing, and 
                        the national electric grid; and
                          ``(ii) the roles and responsibilities 
                        of National Laboratories and industry, 
                        including the definition of the roles 
                        and responsibilities within the 
                        Department to ensure an integrated 
                        program across the Department.
          ``(4) Project review.--
                  ``(A) In general.--The exascale architectures 
                developed pursuant to partnerships established 
                pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be reviewed 
                through a project review process.
                  ``(B) Report.--Not later than 90 days after 
                the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
                Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
                on--
                          ``(i) the results of the review 
                        conducted under subparagraph (A); and
                          ``(ii) the coordination and 
                        management of the Program to ensure an 
                        integrated research program across the 
                        Department.
          ``(5) Annual reports.--At the time of the budget 
        submission of the Department for each fiscal year, the 
        Secretary, in consultation with the members of the 
        partnerships established pursuant to paragraph (2), 
        shall submit to Congress a report that describes 
        funding for the Program as a whole by functional 
        element of the Department and critical milestones.''.
  [(b)] (c) High-Performance Computing and Networking 
Research.--
          (1) Director.--The Director shall support research in 
        high-performance computing and networking relevant to 
        energy applications, including modeling, simulation, 
        and advanced data analytics for basic and applied 
        energy research programs carried out by the Secretary.
          (2) Coordination.--The Under Secretary for Science 
        shall ensure the coordination of the activities of the 
        Department, including activities under this section, to 
        determine and meet the computational and networking 
        research and facility needs of the Office of Science 
        and all other relevant energy technology and energy 
        efficiency programs within the Department and with 
        other Federal agencies as appropriate.
  [(c) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-
End Computing Systems.--The Director shall carry out activities 
to develop, test, and support--
          [(1) mathematics, models, and algorithms for complex 
        systems and programming environments; and
          [(2) tools, languages, and operating systems for 
        high-end computing systems (as defined in section 2 of 
        the American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017 (15 
        U.S.C. 5541)).]
  (d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-end 
Computing Systems and Computer Sciences Research.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out 
        activities to develop, test, and support--
                  (A) mathematics, statistics, and algorithms 
                for modeling complex systems relevant to the 
                missions of the Department, including on 
                advanced computing architectures; and
                  (B) tools, languages, programming 
                environments, and operations for high-end 
                computing systems (as defined in section 2 of 
                the American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 
                U.S.C. 5541).
          (2) Portfolio balance.--
                  (A) In general.--The Director shall maintain 
                a balanced portfolio within the advanced 
                scientific computing research and development 
                program established under section 976 of the 
                Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) 
                that supports robust investment in--
                          (i) applied mathematical, 
                        computational, and computer sciences 
                        research needs relevant to the mission 
                        of the Department, including 
                        foundational areas that are critical to 
                        the advancement of energy sciences and 
                        technologies and new and emerging 
                        computing technologies; and
                          (ii) associated high-performance 
                        computing hardware and facilities.
                  (B) Exascale ecosystem sustainment.--
                          (i) Sense of congress.--It is the 
                        sense of Congress that the Exascale 
                        Computing Project has successfully 
                        created a broad ecosystem that provides 
                        shared software packages, novel 
                        evaluation systems, and applications 
                        relevant to the science and engineering 
                        requirements of the Department, and 
                        that such products must be maintained 
                        and improved in order that the full 
                        potential of the deployed systems can 
                        be continuously realized.
                          (ii) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        seek to sustain and evolve the 
                        ecosystem referenced in clause (i) to 
                        ensure that the exascale software stack 
                        and other research software will 
                        continue to be maintained, hardened, 
                        and otherwise optimized for long-term 
                        use on exascale systems and beyond and 
                        reliable availability to the user 
                        community.
  (e) Next Generation Computing Program.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        program to develop and implement a strategy for 
        achieving computing systems with capabilities beyond 
        exascale computing systems. In establishing this 
        program, the Secretary shall--
                  (A) maintain foundational research programs 
                in mathematical, computational, and computer 
                sciences focused on new and emerging computing 
                needs within the mission of the Department, 
                including post-Moore's law computing 
                architectures, novel approaches to modeling and 
                simulation, artificial intelligence and 
                scientific machine learning, quantum computing, 
                edge computing, extreme heterogeneity, and 
                distributed high-performance computing; and
                  (B) retain best practices and maintain 
                support for essential hardware, applications, 
                and software elements of the Exascale Computing 
                Program that are necessary for sustaining the 
                vitality of a long-term capable software 
                ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and
                  (C) develop a Department-wide strategy for 
                balancing on-premises and cloud-based computing 
                and scientific data management.
          (2) Report.--Not later than one year after the date 
        of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
        submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
        Senate, a report on the development and implementation 
        of the strategy outlined in paragraph (1).
  (f) Architectural Research in Heterogeneous Computing 
Systems.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        program of research and development in heterogeneous 
        and reconfigurable computing systems to expand 
        understanding of the potential for heterogeneous and 
        reconfigurable computing systems to deliver high 
        performance, high efficiency computing for Department 
        of Energy mission challenges. This shall include 
        research and development that explores the convergence 
        of big data analytics, simulations, and artificial 
        intelligence to drive the design of heterogenous 
        computing system architectures.
          (2) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the 
        Secretary shall ensure coordination between research 
        activities undertaken by the Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research program and materials research 
        supported by the Basic Energy Sciences program within 
        the Department of Energy Office of Science.
  (g) Energy Efficient Computing Program.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall support a 
        program of fundamental research, development, and 
        demonstration of energy efficient computing and data 
        center technologies relevant to advanced computing 
        applications, including high performance computing, 
        artificial intelligence, and scientific machine 
        learning.
          (2) Execution.--
                  (A) Program.--In carrying out the program 
                under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                          (i) establish a partnership for 
                        National Laboratories, industry 
                        partners, and institutions of higher 
                        education for codesign of energy 
                        efficient hardware, technology, 
                        software, and applications across all 
                        applicable program offices of the 
                        Department, and provide access to 
                        energy efficient computing resources to 
                        such partners;
                          (ii) develop hardware and software 
                        technologies that decrease the energy 
                        needs of advanced computing practices, 
                        including through data center co-
                        design; and
                          (iii) consider multiple heterogeneous 
                        computing architectures in 
                        collaboration with the program 
                        established under subsection (f) 
                        including neuromorphic computing, 
                        persistent computing, and ultrafast 
                        networking; and
                          (iv) provide, as appropriate, on a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed basis, 
                        access for researchers from 
                        institutions of higher education, 
                        National Laboratories, industry, and 
                        other Federal agencies to the energy 
                        efficient computing technologies 
                        developed pursuant to clause (i).
                  (B) Selection of partners.--In selecting 
                participants for the partnership established 
                under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall 
                select participants through a competitive, 
                merit review process.
                  (C) Report.--Not later than one year after 
                the date of the enactment of the Department of 
                Energy Science for the Future Act, the 
                Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
                Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
                Representatives, and the Committee on Energy 
                and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report 
                on--
                          (i) the activities conducted under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                          (ii) the coordination and management 
                        of the program under subparagraph (A) 
                        to ensure an integrated research 
                        program across the Department.
  (h) Energy Sciences Network.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
        upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user facility 
        in order to meet the research needs of the Department 
        for highly reliable data transport capabilities 
        optimized for the requirements of large-scale science.
          (2) Capabilities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
                  (A) To provide high bandwidth scientific 
                networking across the continental United States 
                and the Atlantic Ocean.
                  (B) To ensure network reliability.
                  (C) To protect the network infrastructure 
                from cyber-attacks.
                  (D) To manage transport of exponentially 
                increasing levels of data from the Department's 
                National Laboratories and sites, user 
                facilities, experiments, and sensors.
                  (E) To contribute to the integration of 
                heterogeneous computing frameworks and systems.
  (i) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall support the 
        Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in 
        order to facilitate collaboration between graduate 
        students and researchers at the National Laboratories, 
        and contribute to the development of a diverse and 
        inclusive computational workforce to help advance 
        research in areas relevant to the mission of the 
        Department.
          (2) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
        Program, the Secretary shall make available for 
        carrying out the activities under this section--
                  (A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  (C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024;
                  (D) $24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  (E) $25,525,631 for fiscal year 2026.
  (j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in this section--
          (1) $1,126,350,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $1,222,674,500 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $1,324,320,715 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $1,431,660,115 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $1,535,090,121 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 305. HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS.

  (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
          (1) the Director should incorporate the findings and 
        recommendations of the report of the Particle Physics 
        Project Prioritization Panel entitled ``Building for 
        Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in 
        the Global Context'' into the planning process of the 
        Department; and
          (2) the nations that lead in particle physics by 
        hosting international teams dedicated to a common 
        scientific goal attract the world's best talent and 
        inspire future generations of physicists and 
        technologists.
  (b) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program 
in elementary particle physics and advanced technology research 
and development to improve the understanding of the fundamental 
properties of the universe, including constituents of matter 
and energy and the nature of space and time.
  (c) High Energy Frontier Research.--As part of the program 
described in subsection (a), the Director shall carry out 
research using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors, 
including accelerators and detectors that will function as 
national user facilities, to create and study interactions of 
elementary particles and investigate fundamental forces.
  [(b) International Collaboration.--The Director, as 
practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal 
agencies as necessary, shall ensure the access of United States 
researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and 
research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron 
Collider.]
  (d) International Collaboration.--The Director shall--
          (1) as practicable and in coordination with other 
        appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the 
        access of United States researchers to the most 
        advanced accelerator facilities and research 
        capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron 
        Collider;
          (2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to 
        leverage United States participation in the Large 
        Hadron Collider, and prioritize expanding international 
        partnerships and investments in the Long-Baseline 
        Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino 
        Experiment; and
          (3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize 
        engagement in collaborative efforts in support of 
        future international facilities that would provide 
        access to the most advanced accelerator facilities in 
        the world to United States researchers.
  [(c)] (e) Neutrino Research.--The Director shall carry out 
research activities on rare decay processes and the nature of 
the neutrino, which may include collaborations with the 
National Science Foundation or international collaborations.
  [(d) Dark Energy and Dark Matter Research.--The Director 
shall carry out research activities on the nature of dark 
energy and dark matter, which may include collaborations with 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or the 
National Science Foundation; or international collaborations.]
  (f) Cosmic Frontier Research.--The Director shall carry out 
research activities on the nature of the primary contents of 
the universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark 
matter. These activities shall, to the maximum extent 
practicable, be consistent with the research priorities 
identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel or the 
National Academy of Sciences, and may include--
          (1) collaborations with the National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, 
        or international partners on relevant projects; and
          (2) the development of space-based, land-based, 
        water-based, and underground facilities and 
        experiments.
  (g) Facility Construction and Major Items of Equipment.--
          (1) Projects.--Consistent with the Office of 
        Science's project management practices, the Director 
        shall, to the maximum extent practicable, incorporate 
        the findings and recommendations of the 2014 Particle 
        Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled 
        ``Building for Discovery'', and support construction or 
        fabrication of--
                  (A) an international Long-Baseline Neutrino 
                Facility based in the United States;
                  (B) the Proton Improvement Plan II;
                  (C) Second Generation Dark Matter 
                experiments;
                  (D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time 
                camera;
                  (E) upgrades to detectors and other 
                components of the Large Hadron Collider; and
                  (F) other high priority projects recommended 
                in the most recent report of the Particle 
                Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the 
                High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.
          (2) Long-baseline neutrino facility.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of a Long-Baseline Neutrino 
                Facility to facilitate the international Deep 
                Underground Neutrino Experiment to examine the 
                fundamental properties of neutrinos, explore 
                physics beyond the Standard Model, and better 
                clarify the existence and nature of antimatter.
                  (B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary 
                shall ensure that the facility described in 
                subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, 
                the following capabilities:
                          (i) A neutrino beam with wideband 
                        capability of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of 
                        beam power and upgradable to 2.4 MW of 
                        beam power.
                          (ii) Three caverns excavated for a 70 
                        kiloton fiducial detector mass and 
                        supporting surface buildings and 
                        utilities.
                          (iii) Cryogenic systems to support 
                        neutrino detectors.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the facility under this 
                subsection occurs before December 31, 2031.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility under this 
                subsection--
                          (i) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2022;
                          (ii) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024;
                          (iv) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025; and
                          (v) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2026.
          (3) Proton improvement plan-ii accelerator upgrade 
        project.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy 
                shall support construction of the Proton 
                Improvement Plan II, an upgrade to the Fermilab 
                accelerator complex identified in the 2014 
                Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel 
                (P5) report titled ``Building for Discovery'', 
                to provide the world's most intense beam of 
                neutrinos to the international Long Baseline 
                Neutrino Facility as well as abroad range of 
                future high energy physics experiments. The 
                Secretary of Energy shall work with 
                international partners to enable further 
                significant contributions to the capabilities 
                of this project.
                  (B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary 
                shall ensure that the facility described in 
                paragraph (1) will provide, at a minimum, the 
                following capabilities:
                          (i) A state-of-the-art 800 
                        megaelectron volt (MeV) superconducting 
                        linear accelerator.
                          (ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 MW at 
                        the start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 
                        2.4 MW of beam power.
                          (iii) A flexible design to enable 
                        high power beam delivery to multiple 
                        users simultaneously and customized 
                        beams tailored to specific scientific 
                        needs.
                          (iv) Sustained high reliability 
                        operation of the Fermilab accelerator 
                        complex.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the facility under this section 
                occurs before December 31, 2028.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility under this 
                subsection--
                          (i) $191,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2022;
                          (ii) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024;
                          (iv) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025; and
                          (v) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2026.
          (4) Cosmic microwave background stage 4.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in 
                partnership with the Director of the National 
                Science Foundation, shall support construction 
                of the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 
                project to survey the cosmic microwave 
                background to test theories of cosmic inflation 
                as described in the 2014 Particle Physics 
                Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled 
                ``Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for 
                U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context.''.
                  (B) Consultation.--The Secretary shall 
                consult with the private sector, universities, 
                National Laboratories, and relevant Federal 
                agencies to ensure that this experiment is 
                capable of meeting Federal research needs in 
                accessing the ultra-high energy physics of 
                inflation and important neutrino properties.
                  (C) Experimental capabilities.--The Secretary 
                shall ensure to the maximum extent practicable 
                that the facility described in subsection (a) 
                will provide at minimum, 500,000 
                superconducting detectors deployed on an array 
                of mm wave telescopes with the required range 
                in frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed 
                which will provide sufficient capability to 
                enable an order of magnitude advance in 
                observations of the Cosmic Microwave 
                Background, delivering transformative 
                discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, 
                and astrophysics.
                  (D) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the facility under this section 
                occurs before December 31, 2030.
                  (E) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility under this 
                subsection--
                          (i) $37,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                          (ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024;
                          (iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025; and
                          (v) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  (h) Accelerator and Detector Upgrades.--The Director shall 
upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and 
appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, 
and improve precision measurement to advance the highest 
priority particle physics research programs. In carrying out 
facility upgrades, the Director shall continue to work with 
international partners, when appropriate and in the United 
States' interest, to leverage investments and expertise in 
critical technologies to help build and upgrade accelerator and 
detector facilities in the United States.
  (i) Accelerator and Detector Research and Development.--As 
part of the program described in subsection (a), the Director 
shall carry out research and development in particle beam 
physics, accelerator science and technology, and particle and 
radiation detection with relevance to the specific needs of the 
High Energy Physics program, in coordination with the 
Accelerator Research and Development program authorized in 
section 311.
  (j) Underground Science.--The Director shall--
          (1) support an underground science program consistent 
        with the missions of the Department and the scientific 
        needs of the High Energy Physics program, including 
        those articulated in the most recent report of the 
        Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the 
        High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, that leverages the 
        capabilities of relevant underground science and 
        engineering facilities; and
          (2) carry out a competitive grant program to award 
        scientists and engineers at institutions of higher 
        education, nonprofit institutions, and national 
        laboratories to conduct research in underground science 
        and engineering.
  (k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in this section--
          (1) $1,355,690,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $1,517,628,300 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $1,652,112,281 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $1,711,460,141 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $1,656,012,351 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 306. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

  [(a) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out 
research and development activities in fundamental, structural, 
computational, and systems biology to increase systems-level 
understanding of the complex biological systems, which may 
include activities--
          [(1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge 
        that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable 
        production of--
                  [(A) biomass-based liquid transportation 
                fuels;
                  [(B) bioenergy; and
                  [(C) biobased materials;
          [(2) to improve understanding of the global carbon 
        cycle, including processes for removing carbon dioxide 
        from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other 
        biological processes, for sequestration and storage; 
        and
          [(3) to understand the biological mechanisms used to 
        transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from 
        subsurface environments.]
  (a) Program.--As part of the duties of the Director 
authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy 
Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the 
activities authorized under sections 303 and 304 of this Act, 
the Director shall carry out a program of research and 
development in the areas of biological systems science and 
climate and environmental science, including subsurface 
science, relevant to the development of new energy technologies 
and to support the energy, environmental, and national security 
missions of the Department.
  (b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out 
research and development activities in genomic science 
including fundamental research on plants and microbes to 
increase systems-level understanding of the complex biological 
systems, which may include activities to--
          (1) accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that 
        would enable the cost-effective, sustainable production 
        of--
                  (A) biomass-based liquid transportation 
                fuels;
                  (B) bioenergy; and
                  (C) biobased materials from renewable 
                biomass;
          (2) improve fundamental understanding of plant and 
        microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle, 
        including processes for removing carbon dioxide from 
        the atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other 
        biological processes, for sequestration and storage;
          (3) understand the microbiome mechanisms used to 
        transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from 
        subsurface environments;
          (4) develop the computational approaches and 
        integrated platforms for open access collaborative 
        science;
          (5) leverage tools and approaches across the Office 
        of Science to expand research to include novel 
        processes, methods, and science to develop bio-based 
        chemicals, polymers, inorganic materials, including 
        research to--
                  (A) advance biosystems design research to 
                advance the understanding of how CRISPR tools 
                and other gene editing tools and technologies 
                work in nature, in the laboratory, and in 
                practice;
                  (B) deepen genome-enabled knowledge of root 
                architecture and growth in crops, including 
                trees; and
                  (C) develop biosystems design methods and 
                tools to increase the efficiency of 
                photosynthesis in plants; and
          (6) develop other relevant methods and processes as 
        determined by the Director.
  (c) Biomolecular Characterization and Imaging Science.--The 
Director shall carry out research and development activities in 
biomolecular characterization and imaging science, including 
development of integrative imaging and analysis platforms and 
biosensors to understand the expression, structure, and 
function of genome information encoded within cells and for 
real-time measurements in ecosystems and field sites of 
relevance to the mission of the Department of Energy.
  [(b)] (d) Limitation for Research Funds.--The Director shall 
not approve new climate science-related initiatives without 
making a determination that such work is well-coordinated with 
any relevant work carried out by other Federal agencies.
  [(c)] (e) Low-dose Radiation Research Program.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        research program on low-dose and low dose-rate 
        radiation to--
                  (A) enhance the scientific understanding of, 
                and reduce uncertainties associated with, the 
                effects of exposure to low-dose and low dose-
                rate radiation; and
                  (B) inform improved risk-assessment and risk-
                management methods with respect to such 
                radiation.
          (2) Program components.--In carrying out the program 
        required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                  (A) support and carry out the directives 
                under section 106(b) of the American Innovation 
                and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6601 note), 
                except that such section shall be treated for 
                purposes of this subsection as applying to low 
                dose and low-dose rate radiation research, in 
                coordination with the Physical Science 
                Subcommittee of the National Science and 
                Technology Council;
                  (B) identify and, to the extent possible, 
                quantify, potential monetary and health-related 
                impacts to Federal agencies, the general 
                public, industry, research communities, and 
                other users of information produced by such 
                research program;
                  (C) leverage the collective body of knowledge 
                from existing low-dose and low dose-rate 
                radiation research;
                  (D) engage with other Federal agencies, 
                research communities, and potential users of 
                information produced under this section, 
                including institutions performing or utilizing 
                radiation research, medical physics, radiology, 
                health physics, and emergency response 
                measures; and
                  (E) support education and outreach activities 
                to disseminate information and promote public 
                understanding of low-dose radiation, with a 
                focus on non-emergency situations such as 
                medical physics, space exploration, and 
                naturally occurring radiation.
          (3) Research plan.--
                  (A) Not later than 90 days after the date of 
                enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the 
                Secretary shall enter into an agreement with 
                the National Academy of Sciences to develop a 
                long-term strategic and prioritized research 
                agenda for the program described in paragraph 
                (2);
                  (B) Not later than one year after the date of 
                enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the 
                Secretary shall transmit this research plan 
                developed in subparagraph (A) to the Committee 
                on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 
                of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
                and Natural Resources of the Senate.
          (4) GAO study.--Not later than 3 years after the date 
        of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Comptroller 
        General shall transmit to the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
        the Senate, a report on:
                  (A) an evaluation of the program activities 
                carried out under this section;
                  (B) the effectiveness of the coordination and 
                management of the program; and
                  (C) the implementation of the research plan 
                outlined in paragraph (3).
          (6) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                  (A) Low-dose radiation.--The term ``low-dose 
                radiation'' means a radiation dose of less than 
                100 millisieverts.
                  (B) Low dose-rate radiation.--The term ``low 
                dose-rate radiation'' means a radiation dose 
                rate of less than 5 millisieverts per hour.
          (7) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
        shall be construed to subject any research carried out 
        by the Secretary for the program under this subsection 
        to any limitations described in section 977(e) of the 
        Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)).
          (8) Funding.--For purposes of carrying out this 
        subsection, the Secretary is authorized to make 
        available from funds provided to the Biological and 
        Environmental Research Program--
                  (A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                  (B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; [and]
                  (D) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2024[.];
                  (E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  (F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  [(d) Space Radiation Research.--The Secretary of Energy, 
shall continue and strengthen collaboration with the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration on basic research to understand the effects and 
risks of human exposure to ionizing radiation in low Earth 
orbit, and in the space environment.]
  (f) Low-dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research 
Program.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in 
        consultation with the Administrator of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration shall carry out a 
        basic research program on the similarities and 
        differences between the effects of exposure to low-dose 
        radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the 
        space environment.
          (2) Purpose.--The purpose of this program is to 
        accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and low dose-rate 
        radiation research and development as described in 
        subsection (d) and to inform the advancement of new 
        tools, technologies, and advanced materials needed to 
        facilitate long-duration space exploration.
  (g) Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Activities.--
          (1) In general.--As part of the activities authorized 
        under subsection (a), and in coordination with 
        activities carried out under subsection (b), the 
        Director shall carry out earth and environmental 
        systems science research, in consultation with the 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and 
        other relevant agencies, which may include activities 
        to--
                  (A) understand, observe, and model the 
                response of Earth's atmosphere and biosphere to 
                increased concentrations of greenhouse gas 
                emissions and any associated changes in 
                climate, including frequency and intensity of 
                extreme weather events;
                  (B) understand the coupled physical, 
                chemical, and biological processes to 
                transform, immobilize, remove, or move carbon, 
                nitrogen, and other energy production-derived 
                contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy 
                metals, and understand the process of 
                sequestration and transformation of these, 
                carbon dioxide, and other relevant molecules in 
                subsurface environments;
                  (C) understand, observe, and model the 
                cycling of water, carbon, and nutrients in 
                terrestrial systems and at scales relevant to 
                resources management;
                  (D) understand the biological, 
                biogeochemical, and physical processes across 
                the multiple scales that control the flux of 
                environmentally relevant compounds between the 
                terrestrial surface and the atmosphere; and
                  (E) inform potential natural mitigation and 
                adaptation options for increased concentrations 
                of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated 
                changes in climate.
          (2) Prioritization.--In carrying out the program 
        authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
        prioritize--
                  (A) the development of software and 
                algorithms to enable the productive application 
                of environmental systems and extreme weather in 
                climate and Earth system prediction models in 
                high-performance computing systems; and
                  (B) capabilities that support the 
                Department's mission needs for energy and 
                infrastructure security, resilience, and 
                reliability.
          (3) Environmental systems science research.--
                  (A) In general.--As part of the activities 
                described in paragraph (1), the Director shall 
                carry out research to advance an integrated, 
                robust, and scale-aware predictive 
                understanding of environmental systems, 
                including the role of hydrobiogeochemistry, 
                from the subsurface to the top of the 
                vegetative canopy that considers effects of 
                seasonal to interannual variability and change.
                  (B) Clean water and watershed research.--As 
                part of the activities described in 
                subparagraph (A), the Director shall--
                          (i) support interdisciplinary 
                        research to significantly advance our 
                        understanding of water availability, 
                        quality, and the impact of human 
                        activity and a changing climate on 
                        urban and rural watershed systems, 
                        including in freshwater environments;
                          (ii) consult with the Interagency 
                        Research, Development, and 
                        Demonstration Coordination Committee on 
                        the Nexus of Energy and Water for 
                        Sustainability established under 
                        section 1010 of the Energy Act of 2020 
                        (division Z of the Consolidated 
                        Appropriations Act, 2021) on energy-
                        water nexus research activities; and
                          (iii) engage with representatives of 
                        research and academic institutions, 
                        nonprofit organizations, State, local, 
                        and tribal governments, and industry, 
                        who have expertise in technologies, 
                        technological innovations, or practices 
                        relating to the energy-water nexus, as 
                        applicable.
                  (C) Coordination.--
                          (i) Director.--The Director shall 
                        carry out activities under this 
                        paragraph in accordance with priorities 
                        established by the Secretary to support 
                        and accelerate the decontamination of 
                        relevant facilities managed by the 
                        Department.
                          (ii) Secretary.--The Secretary shall 
                        ensure the coordination of activities 
                        of the Department, including activities 
                        under this paragraph, to support and 
                        accelerate the decontamination of 
                        relevant facilities managed by the 
                        Department.
          (4) Climate and earth modeling.--As part of the 
        activities described in paragraph (1), the Director, in 
        collaboration with the Advanced Scientific Computing 
        Research program described in section 304 and other 
        programs carried out by the Department, as applicable, 
        and in consultation with the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, 
        shall carry out research to develop, evaluate, and use 
        high-resolution regional climate, global climate, Earth 
        system, and other relevant models to inform decisions 
        on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting 
        impacts of a changing global climate. Such modeling 
        shall include--
                  (A) integrated capabilities for modeling 
                multisectoral interactions, including 
                socioeconomic factors as appropriate, which may 
                include the impacts of climate policies on 
                social and regional equity and well-being, and 
                the interdependencies and risks at the energy-
                water-land nexus;
                  (B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, 
                energy supply and demand, and other critical 
                elements; and
                  (C) interaction among human and Earth systems 
                informed by interdisciplinary research, 
                including the economic and social sciences.
          (5) Mid-scale funding mechanism.--
                  (A) In general.--Any of the activities 
                authorized in this subsection may be carried 
                out by competitively selected mid-scale, multi-
                institutional research centers in lieu of 
                individual research grants, or large-scale 
                experiments or user facilities.
                  (B) Consideration.--The Biological and 
                Environmental Research Advisory Committee shall 
                provide recommendations to the Director on 
                projects most suitable for the research centers 
                described in subparagraph (A).
  (h) Biological and Environmental Research User Facilities.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a 
        program for the development, construction, operation, 
        and maintenance of user facilities to enhance the 
        collection and analysis of observational data related 
        to complex biological, climate, and environmental 
        systems.
          (2) Facility requirements.--To the maximum extent 
        practicable, the user facilities developed, 
        constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph 
        (1) shall include--
                  (A) distributed field research and 
                observation platforms for understanding earth 
                system processes;
                  (B) analytical techniques, instruments, and 
                modeling resources for understanding the 
                physical, chemical, and cellular processes of 
                biological and environmental systems;
                  (C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, 
                advanced bioanalytic techniques, DNA design and 
                synthesis, metabolomics, and computational 
                analysis; and
                  (D) such other facilities as the Director 
                considers appropriate, consistent with section 
                209 of the Department of Energy Organization 
                Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
          (3) Existing facilities.--In carrying out the program 
        established in paragraph (1), the Director is 
        encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of existing 
        user facilities and, to the maximum extent practicable, 
        invest in modernization of those capabilities to 
        address emerging research priorities.
          (4) User facilities integration and collaboration 
        program.--
                  (A) In general.--The Director shall support a 
                program of collaboration between user 
                facilities as defined under this subsection to 
                encourage and enable researchers to more 
                readily integrate the tools, expertise, 
                resources, and capabilities of multiple Office 
                of Science user facilities (as described in 
                section 209(d) of the Department of Energy 
                Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further 
                research and advance emerging technologies.
                  (B) Activities.--The program shall advance 
                the integration of automation, robotics, 
                computational biology, bioinformatics, 
                biosensing, cellular platforms and other 
                relevant emerging technologies as determined by 
                the Director to enhance productivity and 
                scientific impact of user facilities.
          (5) Earth and environmental systems sciences user 
        facilities.--
                  (A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                activities authorized under paragraph (1), the 
                Director shall establish and operate user 
                facilities to advance the collection, 
                validation, and analysis of atmospheric data, 
                including activities to advance knowledge and 
                improve model representations and measure the 
                impact of atmospheric gases, aerosols, and 
                clouds on earth and environmental systems.
                  (B) Selection.--The Director shall select 
                user facilities under paragraph (1) on a 
                competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director 
                shall consider applications from the National 
                Laboratories, institutes of higher education, 
                multi-institutional collaborations, and other 
                appropriate entities.
                  (C) Existing facilities.--To the maximum 
                extent practicable, the Director shall utilize 
                existing facilities to carry out this 
                subsection.
          (6) Coordination.--In carrying out the program 
        authorized in paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure 
        that the Office of Science--
                  (A) consults and coordinates with the 
                National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, 
                the Environmental Protection Agency, the 
                National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
                the Department of Agriculture, the Department 
                of the Interior, and any other relevant Federal 
                agency on the collection, validation, and 
                analysis of atmospheric data; and
                  (B) coordinates with relevant stakeholders, 
                including institutes of higher education, 
                nonprofit research institutions, industry, 
                State, local, and tribal governments, and other 
                appropriate entities to ensure access to the 
                best available relevant atmospheric and 
                historical weather data.
  (i) Coastal Zone Research Initiative.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a 
        research program, in consultation with the National 
        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to enhance the 
        understanding of coastal ecosystems. In carrying out 
        this program, the Director shall prioritize efforts to 
        enhance the collection of observational data, and shall 
        develop models to analyze the ecological, 
        biogeochemical, hydrological and physical processes 
        that interact in coastal zones.
          (2) National system for coastal data collection.--The 
        Director shall establish, in consultation with the 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and 
        other relevant agencies, an integrated system of 
        geographically diverse field research sites in order to 
        improve the quantity and quality of observational data, 
        and that encompass the major land water interfaces of 
        the United States, including--
                  (A) the Great Lakes region;
                  (B) the Pacific coast;
                  (C) the Atlantic coast;
                  (D) the Arctic; and
                  (E) the Gulf coast.
          (3) Existing infrastructure.--In carrying out the 
        programs and establishing the field research sites 
        under paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary shall 
        leverage existing research and development 
        infrastructure supported by the Department, including 
        the Department's existing marine and coastal research 
        lab.
          (4) Coordination.--For the purposes of carrying out 
        the programs and establishing the field research sites 
        under the Initiative, the Secretary may enter into 
        agreements with Federal Departments and agencies with 
        complementary capabilities.
          (5) Report.--Not less than 2 years after the date of 
        the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for 
        the Future Act, the Director shall provide to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
        Senate a report examining whether the system described 
        in this section should be established as a National 
        User Facility.
  (j) Technology Development.--The Director shall support a 
technology research program for the development of 
instrumentation and other research tools required to meet the 
missions of the Department and to provide platform technologies 
for the broader scientific community. Technologies shall 
include but are not limited to--
          (1) cryo-electron microscopy;
          (2) fabricated ecosystems;
          (3) next generation sensors including quantum sensors 
        for biological integration and bioproduction;
          (4) technologies to accelerate data analysis; and
          (5) plant and microbial phenotyping for gene 
        discovery.
  (k) Emerging Technologies.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within 
        the Biological and Environmental Research program an 
        initiative focused on the development of engineered 
        ecosystems through the application of artificial 
        intelligence, novel sensing capabilities, and other 
        emerging technologies.
          (2) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall 
        coordinate with the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic 
        and Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the 
        U.S. Geological Survey, and other relevant officials to 
        avoid duplication of research and observational 
        activities and to ensure that activities carried out 
        under this initiative are complimentary to those 
        currently being undertaken by other agencies.
          (3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide a 
        report to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology of the House, and the Committee on Energy 
        and Natural Resources of the Senate, on the activity 
        mandated in subsection (k).
  (l) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in this section--
          (1) $820,360,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $886,385,200 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $956,332,164 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $1,020,475,415 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $1,099,108,695 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 307. FUSION ENERGY.

  (a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139) and section 972 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16312), the Director shall carry out a fusion energy 
sciences research and enabling technology development program 
to effectively address the scientific and engineering 
challenges to building a cost competitive fusion power plant 
and to support the development of a competitive fusion power 
industry in the United States. As part of this program, the 
Director shall carry out research activities to expand the 
fundamental understandings of plasma and matter at very high 
temperatures and densities for fusion applications and for 
other engineering and plasma science applications.
  (b) Fusion Materials Research and Development.--[As part of]
          (1) In general.--As part of the activities authorized 
        in section 978 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
        U.S.C. 16318)--
                  [(1)] (A) the Director, in coordination with 
                the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy of 
                the Department, shall carry out research and 
                development activities to identify, 
                characterize, and demonstrate materials that 
                can endure the neutron, plasma, and heat fluxes 
                expected in a fusion power system; and
                  [(2)] (B) the Director shall provide an 
                assessment of--
                          [(A)] (i) the need for one or more 
                        facilities that can examine and test 
                        potential fusion and next generation 
                        fission materials and other enabling 
                        technologies relevant to the 
                        development of fusion power; and
                          [(B)] (ii) whether a single new 
                        facility that substantially addresses 
                        magnetic fusion and next generation 
                        fission materials research needs is 
                        feasible, in conjunction with the 
                        expected capabilities of facilities 
                        operational as of the date of enactment 
                        of this Act.
          (2) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under subsection (r), 
        there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out activities described in 
        paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.
  (c) Tokamak Research and Development.--The Director shall 
support research and development activities and facility 
operations to optimize the tokamak approach to fusion energy.
  (d) Inertial Fusion Research and Development.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a 
        program of research and technology development in 
        inertial fusion for energy applications, including ion 
        beam, laser, and pulsed power fusion systems.
          (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1), the Director shall support activities at 
        and partnerships with universities and the National 
        Laboratories to--
                  (A) develop novel target designs;
                  (B) support modeling of various inertial 
                fusion energy concepts and systems;
                  (C) develop diagnostic tools; and
                  (D) improve inertial fusion energy driver 
                technologies.
          (3) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under subsection [(o)] 
        (r), there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
        subsection (d) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2021 through 2025[.] and $40,000,000 for fiscal year 
        2026.
  (e) Alternative and Enabling Concepts.--
          (1) In general.--The Director shall support research 
        and development activities and facility operations at 
        institutions of higher education, National 
        Laboratories, and private facilities in the United 
        States for a portfolio of alternative and enabling 
        fusion energy concepts that may provide solutions to 
        significant challenges to the establishment of a 
        commercial magnetic fusion power plant, prioritized 
        based on the ability of the United States to play a 
        leadership role in the international fusion research 
        community.
          (2) Activities.--Fusion energy concepts and 
        activities explored under paragraph (1) may include--
                  (A) alternative fusion energy concepts, 
                including--
                          (i) advanced stellarator concepts;
                          (ii) non-tokamak confinement 
                        configurations operating at low 
                        magnetic fields;
                          (iii) magnetized target fusion energy 
                        concepts; or
                          (iv) other promising fusion energy 
                        concepts identified by the Director;
                  (B) enabling fusion technology development 
                activities, including--
                          (i) high magnetic field approaches 
                        facilitated by high temperature 
                        superconductors;
                          (ii) liquid metals to address issues 
                        associated with fusion plasma 
                        interactions with the inner wall of the 
                        encasing device; and
                          (iii) advanced blankets for heat 
                        management and fuel breeding; and
                  (C) advanced scientific computing activities.
          (3) Innovation network for fusion energy.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary, acting 
                through the Office of Science, shall support a 
                program to provide fusion energy researchers 
                with access to scientific and technical 
                resources and expertise at facilities supported 
                by the Department, including such facilities at 
                National Laboratories and universities, to 
                advance innovative fusion energy technologies 
                toward commercial application.
                  (B) Awards.--Financial assistance under the 
                program established in subsection (a)--
                          (i) shall be awarded on a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and
                          (ii) may be in the form of grants, 
                        vouchers, equipment loans, or contracts 
                        to private entities.
          (4) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under subsection [(o)] 
        (r), there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
        subsection (e) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2021 through 2025[.] and $75,000,000 for fiscal year 
        2026.
  (f) Coordination With ARPA-E.--The Director shall coordinate 
with the Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency-
Energy (referred to in this subsection as ``ARPA-E'') to--
          (1) assess the potential for any fusion energy 
        project supported by ARPA-E to represent a promising 
        approach to a commercially viable fusion power plant;
          (2) determine whether the results of any fusion 
        energy project supported by ARPA-E merit the support of 
        follow-on research activities carried out by the Office 
        of Science; and
          (3) avoid the unintentional duplication of 
        activities.
  (g) Fairness in Competition for Solicitations for 
International Project Activities.--Section 33 of the Atomic 
Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2053) is amended by inserting 
before the first sentence the following: ``In this section, 
with respect to international research projects, the term 
`private facilities or laboratories' means facilities or 
laboratories located in the United States.''.
  (h) Identification of Priorities.--
          (1) Report.--
                  (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, the 
                Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on 
                the fusion energy research and development 
                activities that the Department proposes to 
                carry out over the 10-year period following the 
                date of the report under not fewer than 3 
                realistic budget scenarios, including a 
                scenario based on 3-percent annual growth in 
                the non-ITER portion of the budget for fusion 
                energy research and development activities.
                  (B) Inclusions.--The report required under 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                          (i) identify specific areas of fusion 
                        energy research and enabling technology 
                        development in which the United States 
                        can and should establish or solidify a 
                        lead in the global fusion energy 
                        development effort;
                          (ii) identify priorities for 
                        initiation of facility construction and 
                        facility decommissioning under each of 
                        the three budget scenarios described in 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                          (iii) assess the ability of the 
                        fusion workforce of the United States 
                        to carry out the activities identified 
                        under clauses (i) and (ii), including 
                        the adequacy of programs at 
                        institutions of higher education in the 
                        United States to train the leaders and 
                        workers of the next generation of 
                        fusion energy researchers.
          (2) Process.--In order to develop the report required 
        under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall leverage 
        best practices and lessons learned from the process 
        used to develop the most recent report of the Particle 
        Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the High Energy 
        Physics Advisory Panel.
          (3) Requirement.--No member of the Fusion Energy 
        Sciences Advisory Committee shall be excluded from 
        participating in developing or voting on final approval 
        of the report required under paragraph (1)(A).
  (i) Milestone-based Development Program.--
          (1) In general.--Using the authority of the Secretary 
        under section 646(g) of the Department of Energy 
        Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7256(g)), notwithstanding 
        paragraph (10) of such section, the Secretary shall 
        establish, not later than 6 months after the date of 
        enactment of this section, a milestone-based fusion 
        energy development program that requires projects to 
        meet particular technical milestones before a 
        participant is awarded funds by the Department.
          (2) Purpose.--The purpose of the program established 
        by paragraph (1) shall be to support the development of 
        a U.S.-based fusion power industry through the research 
        and development of technologies that will enable the 
        construction of new full-scale fusion systems capable 
        of demonstrating significant improvements in the 
        performance of such systems, as defined by the 
        Secretary, within 10 years of the enactment of this 
        section.
          (3) Eligibility.--Any entity is eligible to 
        participate in the program provided that the Secretary 
        has deemed it as having the necessary resources and 
        expertise.
          (4) Requirements.--In carrying out the milestone-
        based program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, 
        for each relevant project--
                  (A) request proposals from eligible entities, 
                as determined by the Secretary, that include 
                proposed technical milestones, including 
                estimated project timelines and total costs;
                  (B) set milestones based on a rigorous 
                technical review process;
                  (C) award funding of a predetermined amount 
                to projects that successfully meet proposed 
                milestones under paragraph (1), or for expenses 
                deemed reimbursable by the Secretary, in 
                accordance with terms negotiated for an 
                individual award; and
                  (D) communicate regularly with selected 
                eligible entities and, if the Secretary deems 
                appropriate, exercise small amounts of 
                flexibility for technical milestones as 
                projects mature.
          (5) Awards.--For the program established under 
        paragraph (1)--
                  (A) an award recipient shall be responsible 
                for all costs until milestones are achieved, or 
                reimbursable expenses are reviewed and verified 
                by the Department;
                  (B) should an awardee not meet the milestones 
                described in paragraph (4), the Secretary may 
                end the partnership with an award recipient and 
                use the remaining funds in the ended agreement 
                for new or existing projects carried out under 
                this section; and
                  (C) consistent with the existing authorities 
                of the Department, the Secretary may end the 
                partnership with an award recipient for cause 
                during the performance period.
          (6) Applications.--Any project proposal submitted to 
        the program under paragraph (1) shall be evaluated 
        based upon its scientific, technical, and business 
        merits through a peer-review process, which shall 
        include reviewers with appropriate expertise from the 
        private sector, the investment community, and experts 
        in the science and engineering of fusion and plasma 
        physics.
          (7) Project management.--In carrying out projects 
        under this program and assessing the completion of 
        their milestones in accordance with paragraph (4), the 
        Secretary shall consult with experts that represent 
        diverse perspectives and professional experiences, 
        including those from the private sector, to ensure a 
        complete and thorough review.
          (8) Programmatic review.--Not later than 4 years 
        after the Secretary has established 3 milestones under 
        this program, the Secretary shall enter into a 
        contractual arrangement with the National Academy of 
        Sciences to review and provide a report describing the 
        findings of this review to the House Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology and the Senate Committee 
        on Energy and Natural Resources on the program 
        established under this paragraph (1) that assesses--
                  (A) the benefits and drawbacks of a 
                milestone-based fusion program as compared to 
                traditional program structure funding models at 
                the Department;
                  (B) lessons-learned from program operations; 
                and
                  (C) any other matters the Secretary 
                determines regarding the program.
          (9) Annual report.--As part of the annual budget 
        request submitted for each fiscal year, the Secretary 
        shall provide the House Committee on Science, Space, 
        and Technology and the Senate Committee on Energy and 
        Natural Resources a report describing partnerships 
        supported by the program established under paragraph 
        (1) during the previous fiscal year.
          (10) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under subsection [(o)] 
        (r), there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
        subsection (i), to remain available until expended--
                  (A) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                  (B) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (C) $105,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  (D) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2024[; and];
                  (E) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2025[.]; and
                  (F) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  (j) Fusion Reactor System Design.--[The Director shall 
support research and development activities to design future 
fusion reactor systems and examine and address the technical 
drivers for the cost of these systems.]
          (1) In general._
                  (A) Establishment._Within 180 days of 
                enactment of the Department of Energy Science 
                for the Future Act, the Director shall 
                establish at least 2 national teams, including 
                public-private partnerships, that will develop 
                conceptual pilot plant designs and technology 
                roadmaps and lead to an engineering design of a 
                pilot plant that will bring fusion to 
                commercial viability. 
                  (B) Composition._The national teams shall be 
                composed of developers, manufacturers, 
                universities, national laboratories, and 
                engineering, procurement, and construction 
                industries. 
          (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out activities 
        described in paragraph (1)--
                  (A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (B) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  (C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                  (D) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  (E) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  (k) General Plasma Science and Applications.--The Director 
shall support research in general plasma science and high 
energy density physics that advance the understanding of the 
scientific community of fundamental properties and complex 
behavior of matter to control and manipulate plasmas for a 
broad range of applications, including support for research 
relevant to advancements in chip manufacturing and 
microelectronics.
  (l) Sense of Congress.--It is the [sense of Congress that the 
United States should support] sense of Congress that--
          (1)the United States should support a robust, diverse 
        program in addition to providing sufficient support to, 
        at a minimum, meet its commitments to ITER and maintain 
        the schedule of the project as determined by the 
        Secretary in coordination with the ITER Organization at 
        the time of the enactment of this section. It is 
        further the sense of Congress that developing the 
        scientific basis for fusion, providing research results 
        key to the success of ITER, and training the next 
        generation of fusion scientists are of critical 
        importance to the United States and should in no way be 
        diminished by participation of the United States in the 
        ITER project[.]; and
          (2) the Director shall incorporate the findings and 
        recommendations of the report of the Fusion Energy 
        Sciences Advisory Committee entitled ``Powering the 
        Future: Fusion and Plasmas'' and the report of the 
        National Academies entitled ``Bringing Fusion to the 
        U.S. Grid'' into the planning process of the 
        Department, including the development of future budget 
        requests to Congress.
  (m) International Collaboration.--The Director shall--
          (1) as practicable and in coordination with other 
        appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the 
        access of United States researchers to the most 
        advanced fusion research facilities and research 
        capabilities in the world, including ITER;
          (2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to 
        leverage United States participation ITER, and 
        prioritize expanding international partnerships and 
        investments in current and future fusion research 
        facilities within the United States; and
          (3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize 
        engagement in collaborative efforts in support of 
        future international facilities that would provide 
        access to the most advanced fusion research facilities 
        in the world to United States researchers.
  (n) Fission and Fusion Research Coordination Report.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 6 months after the 
        date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall 
        transmit to Congress a report addressing opportunities 
        for coordinating fusion energy research and development 
        activities between the Office of Nuclear Energy, the 
        Office of Science, and the Advanced Research Projects 
        Agency--Energy.
          (2) Components.--The report shall assess 
        opportunities for collaboration on research and 
        development of--
                  (A) liquid metals to address issues 
                associated with fusion plasma interactions with 
                the inner wall of the encasing device and other 
                components within the reactor;
                  (B) immersion blankets for heat management 
                and fuel breeding;
                  (C) technologies and methods for 
                instrumentation and control;
                  (D) computational methods and codes for 
                system operation and maintenance;
                  (E) codes and standard development;
                  (F) radioactive waste handling;
                  (G) radiological safety;
                  (H) potential for non-electricity generation 
                applications; and
                  (I) any other overlapping priority as 
                identified by the Director of the Office of 
                Science or the Assistant Secretary of Energy 
                for Nuclear Energy.
  (o) High-performance Computation Collaborative Research 
Program.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        program to conduct and support collaborative research, 
        development, and demonstration of fusion energy 
        technologies, through high-performance computation 
        modeling and simulation techniques, in order to--
                  (A) support fundamental research in plasmas 
                and matter at very high temperatures and 
                densities;
                  (B) inform the development of a broad range 
                of fusion energy systems; and
                  (C) facilitate the translation of research 
                results in fusion energy science to industry.
          (2) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with 
        relevant Federal agencies, and prioritize the following 
        objectives:
                  (A) Using expertise from the private sector, 
                institutions of higher education, and the 
                National Laboratories to leverage existing, and 
                develop new, computational software and 
                capabilities that prospective users may use to 
                accelerate research and development of fusion 
                energy systems.
                  (B) Developing computational tools to 
                simulate and predict fusion energy science 
                phenomena that may be validated through 
                physical experimentation.
                  (C) Increasing the utility of the research 
                infrastructure of the Department by 
                coordinating with the Advanced Scientific 
                Computing Research program within the Office of 
                Science.
                  (D) Leveraging experience from existing 
                modeling and simulation entities sponsored by 
                the Department.
                  (E) Ensuring that new experimental and 
                computational tools are accessible to relevant 
                research communities, including private sector 
                entities engaged in fusion energy technology 
                development.
                  (F) Ensuring that newly developed 
                computational tools are compatible with modern 
                virtual engineering and visualization 
                capabilities to accelerate the realization of 
                fusion energy technologies and systems.
          (3) Duplication.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, 
        the activities of this program with the activities of--
                  (A) other research entities of the 
                Department, including the National 
                Laboratories, the Advanced Research Projects 
                Agency-Energy, the Advanced Scientific 
                Computing Research program; and
                  (B) industry.
          (4) High-performance computing for fusion innovation 
        center.--In carrying out the program under paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary shall, in coordination with the 
        Innovation Network for Fusion Energy, establish and 
        operate a national High-Performance Computing for 
        Fusion Innovation Center (referred to in this section 
        as the `Center'), in order to support the program under 
        paragraph (1) by providing, to the extent practicable, 
        a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, 
        collaborative, fusion energy research and development 
        through high performance computing and advanced data 
        analytics technologies and processes.
          (5) Selection.--The Secretary shall select the Center 
        under this subsection on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
        basis. The Secretary shall consider applications from 
        National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
        education, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
        other appropriate entities.
          (6) Existing activities.--The Center may incorporate 
        existing research activities that are consistent with 
        the program described in paragraph (1).
          (7) Duration.--The Center established under this 
        subsection shall receive support for a period of not 
        more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
        appropriations.
          (8) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of 
        support of the Center, the Secretary may renew support 
        for the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period 
        of not more than 5 years.
          (9) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
        authorities of the Department, the Secretary may 
        terminate the Center for cause during the performance 
        period.
  (p) Material Plasma Exposure Experiment.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall construct a 
        Material Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as 
        described in the 2020 publication approved by the 
        Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee titled 
        ``Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas''. The 
        Secretary shall consult with the private sector, 
        universities, National Laboratories, and relevant 
        Federal agencies to ensure that this facility is 
        capable of meeting Federal research needs for steady 
        state, high-heat-flux and plasma-material interaction 
        testing of fusion materials over a range of fusion 
        energy relevant parameters.
          (2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
        ensure that the facility described in subsection (a) 
        will provide the following capabilities:
                  (A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 
                Tesla.
                  (B) An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m2.
                  (C) The ability to expose previously 
                irradiated plasma facing material samples to 
                plasma.
          (3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
        that the start of full operations of the facility under 
        this section occurs before December 31, 2027.
          (4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are 
        funds authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
        for the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences to carry out 
        to completion the construction of the facility under 
        this section:
                  (A) $32,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (B) $13,400,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  (C) $12,600,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                  (D) $400,000 for fiscal year 2025.
  (q) Matter in Extreme Conditions Instrument Upgrade.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation 
        at the Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 
        2020 publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences 
        Advisory Committee titled ``Powering the Future: Fusion 
        and Plasmas''. The Secretary shall consult with the 
        private sector, universities, National Laboratories, 
        and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this 
        facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs 
        for understanding physical and chemical changes to 
        plasmas at fundamental timescales, and explore new 
        regimes of dense material physics, astrophysics, 
        planetary physics, and short-pulse laser-plasma 
        interactions.
          (2) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
        that the start of full operations of the facility under 
        this section occurs before December 31, 2028.
  [(o)] (r) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
          (1) $996,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
          [(2) $921,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          [(3) $961,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          [(4) $921,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
          [(5) $901,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.]
          (2) $1,002,900,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (3) $1,095,707,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          (4) $1,129,368,490 for fiscal year 2024;
          (5) $1,149,042,284 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (6) $1,243,097,244 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 308. NUCLEAR PHYSICS.

  [(a) Isotope Development and Production for Research 
Applications.--The Director--
          [(1) may carry out a program for the production of 
        isotopes, including the development of techniques to 
        produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines are 
        needed for research, medical, industrial, or related 
        purposes; and
          [(2) shall ensure that isotope production activities 
        carried out under the program under this paragraph do 
        not compete with private industry unless the Director 
        determines that critical national interests require the 
        involvement of the Federal Government.]
  (a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program, 
and support relevant facilities, to discover and understand 
various forms of nuclear matter.
  (b) User Facilities.--
          (1) Facility for rare isotope beams.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of a Facility for Rare Isotope 
                Beams to advance the understanding of rare 
                nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the 
                cosmos.
                  (B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (c), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility under this 
                subsection $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the facility under this section 
                occurs before March 1, 2022.
          (2) Electron-ion collider.--
                  (A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of an Electron Ion Collider as 
                described in the 2015 Long Range Plan of the 
                Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and the 
                report from the National Academies titled ``An 
                Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider 
                Science'', in order to measure the internal 
                structure of the proton and the nucleus and 
                answer fundamental questions about the nature 
                of visible matter.
                  (B) Facility capability.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the facility meets the requirements 
                in the 2015 Long Range Plan, including--
                          (i) at least 70 percent polarized 
                        beams of electrons and light ions;
                          (ii) ion beams from deuterium to the 
                        heaviest stable nuclei;
                          (iii) variable center of mass energy 
                        from 20 to 140 GeV;
                          (iv) high collision luminosity of 
                        1033-34cm-2s-1; and
                          (v) the possibility of more than one 
                        interaction region.
                  (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary 
                shall, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
                operations of the facility under this section 
                occurs before December 31, 2030.
                  (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (c), there shall 
                be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility under this 
                subsection--
                          (i) $101,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2022;
                          (ii) $155,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                          (iii) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2024;
                          (iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025; and
                          (v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2026.
  (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in this section--
          (1) $780,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $879,390,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $1,025,097,300 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $1,129,354,111 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $1,192,408,899 for fiscal year 2026.
  [(b)] (d) Renaming of the Rare Isotope Accelerator.--Section 
981 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16321) is 
amended--
          (1) in the section heading, by striking ``rare 
        isotope accelerator'' and inserting ``facility for rare 
        isotope beams''; and
          (2) by striking ``Rare Isotope Accelerator'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``Facility for Rare 
        Isotope Beams''.

SEC. 309. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.

  (a) In General.--The Director shall carry out a program to 
improve the safety, efficiency, and mission readiness of 
infrastructure at laboratories of the Office of Science.
  (b) Inclusions.--The program under subsection (a) shall 
include projects--
          (1) to renovate or replace space that does not meet 
        research needs;
          (2) to replace facilities that are no longer cost 
        effective to renovate or operate;
          (3) to modernize utility systems to prevent failures 
        and ensure efficiency;
          (4) to remove excess facilities to allow safe and 
        efficient operations; and
          (5) to construct modern facilities to conduct 
        advanced research in controlled environmental 
        conditions.
  (c) Approach.--In carrying out this section, the Director 
shall utilize all available approaches and mechanisms, 
including capital line items, minor construction projects, 
energy savings performance contracts, utility energy service 
contracts, alternative financing and expense funding, as 
appropriate.
  (d) Alternative Financing of Research Facilities and 
Infrastructure.--
          (1) In general.--Consistent with section 161(g) of 
        the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2201(g)), the 
        Management and Operating contractors of the Department 
        may enter into the lease-purchase of research 
        facilities and infrastructure under the scope of their 
        contract with the Department with the approval of the 
        Secretary or their designee.
          (2) Limitations.--To carry out lease-purchases 
        approved by the Secretary under subsection (a), the 
        Department shall only be required to have budget 
        authority in an amount sufficient to cover the minimum 
        required lease payments through the period required to 
        exercise a termination provision in the lease 
        agreement, plus any associated lease termination 
        penalties, regardless of whether such leased facility 
        and infrastructure is on or off Government land, and 
        if--
                  (A) the Department has established a mission 
                need for the facility or infrastructure to be 
                leased;
                  (B) the facility or infrastructure is general 
                purpose, including offices, laboratories, 
                cafeterias, utilities, and data centers;
                  (C) the Department is not a party to and has 
                no financial obligations under the lease-
                purchase transaction entered into by the 
                Management and Operating contractor, other than 
                allowability of the lease cost and conveyance 
                of Government land, if needed;
                  (D) the lease-purchase has an advance notice 
                termination provision with reasonable pre-
                defined penalties that the Management and 
                Operating contractor may exercise, at the 
                direction of the Department, if funding for the 
                lease is no longer available or the mission 
                need ceases to exist;
                  (E) there is an option for a no cost transfer 
                of ownership to the Government once the 
                underlying financing is retired, but neither 
                the Management and Operating contractor nor the 
                Department are obligated to purchase the 
                facility or infrastructure at any time during 
                or after the lease term;
                  (F) the lease-purchase transaction, assuming 
                exercise of the ownership option, is 
                demonstrated to be the lowest lifecycle cost 
                alternative for the Government; and
                  (G) the cumulative annual base rent for all 
                lease-purchases of facilities and 
                infrastructure, inclusive of any transactions 
                under consideration, does not exceed 2 percent 
                of the Management and Operating contract 
                operating budget for the year the commitment is 
                made for the lease.
          (3) Reporting.--Not later than one year after the 
        date of the enactment of the Department of Energy 
        Science for the Future Act, and biennially thereafter, 
        the Department shall submit to the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a report on 
        the lease-purchase transactions that the Management and 
        Operating contractors of the Department entered into 
        under subsection (a) that includes--
                  (A) a list of the lease-purchase transactions 
                entered into by each Management and Operating 
                contractor and their respective costs;
                  (B) the annual percentage of each Management 
                and Operating contract operating budget that is 
                used for lease-purchase transactions for the 
                year the commitments were made; and
                  (C) any other information the Secretary finds 
                appropriate.
  (d) Mid-scale Instrumentation Program.--The Director, in 
coordination with each of the programs carried out by the 
Office of Science, shall establish a mid-scale instrumentation 
program to enable the development and acquisition of novel, 
state-of-the-art instruments ranging in cost from $1 million to 
$20 million each that would significantly accelerate scientific 
breakthroughs at user facilities.
  (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in this section $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2026.

SEC. 310. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

  (a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program 
to--
          (1) advance accelerator science and technology 
        relevant to the Department, other Federal agencies, and 
        U.S. industry;
          (2) foster partnerships to develop, demonstrate, and 
        enable the commercial application of accelerator 
        technologies;
          (3) support the development of a skilled, diverse, 
        and inclusive accelerator workforce; and
          (4) provide access to accelerator design and 
        engineering resources.
  (b) Accelerator Research.--In carrying out the program 
authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support--
          (1) research activities in cross-cutting accelerator 
        technologies including superconducting magnets and 
        accelerators, beam physics, data analytics-based 
        accelerator controls, simulation software, new particle 
        sources, advanced laser technology, and transformative 
        research; and
          (2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test 
        Facility.
  (c) Accelerator Development.--In carrying out the program 
authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support 
partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and 
commercial application of accelerator technologies including, 
advanced superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF 
cavities, and high efficiency radiofrequency power sources for 
accelerators.
  (d) Research Collaborations.--In developing accelerator 
technologies under the program authorized in subsection (a), 
the Director shall--
          (1) consider the requirements necessary to support 
        translational research and development for medical, 
        industrial, security, and defense applications; and
          (2) leverage investments in accelerator technologies 
        and fundamental research in particle physics by 
        partnering with institutes of higher education, 
        industry, and other Federal agencies to enable the 
        commercial application of advanced accelerator 
        technologies.
  (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in this section--
          (1) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $25,680,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $27,477,600 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $29,401,032 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $31,459,104 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 311. ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR RESEARCH APPLICATIONS.

  (a) In General.--The Director--
          (1) shall carry out a program in coordination with 
        other relevant programs across the Department of Energy 
        for the production of isotopes, including the 
        development of techniques to produce isotopes, that the 
        Secretary determines are needed for research, medical, 
        industrial, or related purposes, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, in accordance with the 2015 NSAC `Meeting 
        Isotope Needs and Capturing Opportunities For The 
        Future' report; and
          (2) shall ensure that isotope production activities 
        carried out under the program under this paragraph do 
        not compete with private industry unless the Director 
        determines that critical national interests require the 
        involvement of the Federal Government.
  (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out the program under this 
subsection--
          (1) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $96,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $103,041,000 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $110,253,870 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $117,971,641 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 312. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

  (a) In General.--The Director shall support the development 
of a scientific workforce through programs that facilitate 
collaboration between K-12, university students, early-career 
researchers, faculty, and the National Laboratories, including 
through the use of proven techniques to expand the number of 
individuals from underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining 
skills or undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the 
Office's mission.
  (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 3169 of the 
Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 
U.S.C. 7381e) is amended--
          (1) by striking, ``programs'', and inserting 
        ``programs, including the NSF INCLUDES National 
        Network,''; and
          (2) by striking, ``year 1991'', and inserting ``years 
        2022 through 2026''.

SEC. 313. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  (a) In General.--The Director shall establish a high 
intensity laser research initiative consistent with the 
recommendations of the National Academies report, 
``Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the 
Brightest Light'', and the report from the Brightest Light 
Initiative workshop on ``The Future of Intense Ultrafast Lasers 
in the U.S.''. This initiative should include research and 
development of petawatt-scale and of high average power laser 
technologies necessary for future facility needs in discovery 
science and to advance energy technologies, as well as support 
for a user network of academic and national laboratory high 
intensity laser facilities.
  (b) Leverage.--The Director shall also leverage new laser 
technologies for more compact, less complex, and low-cost 
accelerator systems needed for science applications.
  (c) Coordination.--The Director shall coordinate this 
initiative among all relevant programs within the Office of 
Science, and the Under Secretary for Science shall coordinate 
this initiative with other relevant programs within the 
Department as well as within other Federal agencies.
  (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated for the Office of Science there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this subsection--
          (1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 314. HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
reduce the consumption of helium for Department grant 
recipients and facilities and encourage helium recycling and 
reuse. The program shall competitively award grants for--
          (1) the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, and 
        recycle helium;
          (2) the installation, maintenance, and repair of new 
        and existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling 
        equipment; and
          (3) helium alternatives research and development 
        activities.
  (b) Report.--In carrying out the program under this section, 
the Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report, not later 
than two years after the date of enactment of the Department of 
Energy Science for the Future Act, and every 3 years 
thereafter, on the purchase of helium as part of research 
projects and facilities supported by the Department. The report 
shall include--
          (1) the quantity of helium purchased for projects and 
        facilities supported by Department grants;
          (2) a cost-analysis for such helium;
          (3) the predominant production sources for such 
        helium;
          (4) expected or experienced impacts of helium supply 
        shortages or prices on the research projects and 
        facilities supported by the Department; and
          (5) recommendations for reducing Department grant 
        recipients' exposure to volatile helium prices.
  (c) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under this 
section, the Director shall coordinate with the National 
Science Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies on 
helium conservation activities.
  (d) Duration.--The program established under this section 
shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, 
subject to the availability of appropriations.
  (e) Renewal.--Upon expiration of any period of support of the 
program under this section, the Director may renew support for 
the program for a period of not more than 5 years.

SEC. 315. OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMPUTING 
                    RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
Director of the National Science Foundation and the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, shall establish within the Office of Science, a 
cross-cutting research initiative to leverage the Federal 
Government's innovative analytical resources and tools, user 
facilities, and advanced computational and networking 
capabilities in order to prevent, prepare for, and respond to 
emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19. The Secretary 
shall carry out this initiative through a competitive, merit-
reviewed process, and consider applications from National 
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
institutional collaborations, industry partners and other 
appropriate entities.
  (b) Activities.--In carrying out the initiative established 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate with 
programs across the Office of Science and with relevant Federal 
agencies to determine a comprehensive set of technical 
milestones for these research activities and prioritize the 
following objectives--
          (1) supporting fundamental research and development 
        in advanced analytics, experimental studies, materials 
        synthesis, high-performance computing technologies 
        needed to characterize, model, simulate, and predict 
        complex phenomena and biological materials related to 
        emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19 
        challenges, including a focus on testing and 
        diagnostics, experimental data acquisition, sharing and 
        management, advanced manufacturing, and molecular 
        design and modeling;
          (2) using expertise from the private sector, 
        institutions of higher education, and the National 
        Laboratories to develop computational software and 
        capabilities that prospective users may accelerate 
        emerging infectious diseases research and development;
          (3) leveraging the research infrastructure of the 
        Department, including scientific computing user 
        facilities, x-ray light sources, neutron scattering 
        facilities, nanoscale science research centers, and 
        sequencing and bio-characterization facilities by 
        coordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing 
        Research, Basic Energy Sciences, and Biological and 
        Environmental Research programs within the Office of 
        Science;
          (4) leveraging experience from existing modeling and 
        simulation research and work sponsored by the 
        Department and promoting collaboration and data sharing 
        between National Laboratories, research entities, and 
        user facilities of the Department by providing the 
        necessary access and secure data transfer capabilities; 
        and
          (5) ensuring that new experimental and computational 
        tools are accessible to relevant research communities, 
        including private sector entities to address emerging 
        infectious diseases, including COVID-19 challenges.
  (c) Coordination.--In carrying out this initiative, the 
Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, 
coordination of these activities with the Department of Energy 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and 
the private sector.
  (d) Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing 
Research Consortium.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary in coordination with 
        the Director of the National Science Foundation and the 
        Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
        shall establish and operate an Emerging Infectious 
        Diseases High Performance Computing Research Consortium 
        (referred to in this section as the `Consortium'), in 
        order to support the initiative under subsection (a) by 
        providing, to the extent practicable, a centralized 
        entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, emerging 
        infectious disease research and development through 
        high performance computing and advanced data analytics 
        technologies and processes.
          (2) Membership.--The members of such consortium may 
        include representatives from relevant Federal agencies, 
        the private sector, institutions of higher education, 
        which can each contribute relevant compute time, 
        capabilities, or other resources.
          (3) Activities.--The Consortium shall--
                  (A) match applicants with available Federal 
                and private sector computing resources;
                  (B) consider supplemental awards for 
                computing partnerships with Consortium members 
                to qualifying entities on a competitive merit-
                review basis;
                  (C) encourage collaboration and communication 
                among member representatives of the consortium 
                and awardees;
                  (D) make available the high-performance 
                computing capabilities, expertise, and user 
                facilities of the Department and the National 
                Laboratories; and
                  (E) submit an annual report to the Secretary 
                summarizing the activities of the Consortium, 
                including--
                          (i) describing each project 
                        undertaken by the Consortium;
                          (ii) detailing organizational 
                        expenditures; and
                          (iii) evaluating contribution to the 
                        achievement of technical milestones as 
                        determined in subsection (a).
          (4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, 
        the activities of the Consortium with the activities of 
        other research entities of the Department, institutions 
        of higher education and the private sector.
  (e) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House, and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report 
detailing the effectiveness of--
          (1) the interagency coordination between each Federal 
        agency involved in the research initiative carried out 
        under this section;
          (2) the collaborative research achievements of the 
        initiative, including the achievement of the technical 
        milestones determined under subsection (a); and
          (3) potential opportunities to expand the technical 
        capabilities of the Department.
  (f) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be appropriated 
for the Department's Office of Science, there shall be made 
available to the Secretary to carry out the activities under 
this subsection, $50,000,000 for fiscal years 2022 and 2023.
  (g) Prohibition on Use of Funds.--
          (1) In general.--No funds allocated to the initiative 
        described in subsection (a) may be obligated or 
        expended for gain-of-function research of concern.
          (2) Gain-of-function research defined.--For the 
        purposes of this subsection, ``gain-of-function 
        research of concern'' means research activities with 
        the potential to generate pathogens with high 
        transmissibility and high virulence in humans.

SEC. 316. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

  There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the activities described in this title--
          (1) $8,801,915,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $9,451,015,300 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $10,160,677,621 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $10,693,625,004 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $11,145,798,345 for fiscal year 2026.
                              ----------                              


                       ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005




           *       *       *       *       *       *       *
TITLE IX--RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Subtitle G--Science

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 972. FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM.

  (a) Declaration of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the 
United States to conduct research, development, demonstration, 
and commercial applications to provide for the scientific, 
engineering, and commercial infrastructure necessary to ensure 
that the United States is competitive with other countries in 
providing fusion energy for its own needs and the needs of 
other countries, including by demonstrating electric power or 
hydrogen production for the United States energy grid using 
fusion energy at the earliest date.
  (b) Planning.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
        submit to Congress a plan (with proposed cost 
        estimates, budgets, and lists of potential 
        international partners) for the implementation of the 
        policy described in subsection (a) in a manner that 
        ensures that--
                  (A) existing fusion research facilities are 
                more fully used;
                  (B) fusion science, technology, theory, 
                advanced computation, modeling, and simulation 
                are strengthened;
                  (C) new magnetic and inertial fusion research 
                and development facilities are selected based 
                on scientific innovation and cost 
                effectiveness, and the potential of the 
                facilities to advance the goal of practical 
                fusion energy at the earliest date practicable;
                  (D) facilities that are selected are funded 
                at a cost-effective rate;
                  (E) communication of scientific results and 
                methods between the fusion energy science 
                community and the broader scientific and 
                technology communities is improved;
                  (F) inertial confinement fusion facilities 
                are used to the extent practicable for the 
                purpose of inertial fusion energy research and 
                development;
                  (G) attractive alternative inertial and 
                magnetic fusion energy approaches are more 
                fully explored; and
                  (H) to the extent practicable, the 
                recommendations of the Fusion Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee in the report on workforce 
                planning, dated March 2004, are carried out, 
                including periodic reassessment of program 
                needs.
          (2) Costs and schedules.--The plan shall also address 
        the status of and, to the extent practicable, costs and 
        schedules for--
                  (A) the design and implementation of 
                international or national facilities for the 
                testing of fusion materials; and
                  (B) the design and implementation of 
                international or national facilities for the 
                testing and development of key fusion 
                technologies.
  (c) United States Participation in ITER.--
          (1) In general.--There is authorized United States 
        participation in the construction and operations of the 
        ITER project, as agreed to under the April 25, 2007 
        ``Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER 
        International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint 
        Implementation of the ITER Project''. The Director 
        shall coordinate and carry out the responsibilities of 
        the United States with respect to this Agreement.
          (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit 
        to Congress a report providing an assessment of the 
        most recent schedule for ITER that has been approved by 
        the ITER Council.
          (3) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under section 307(o) of 
        the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 18645), there shall be made available to the 
        Secretary to carry out the construction of ITER--
                  (A) $374,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; [and]
                  [(B) $281,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                2022 through 2025.]
                  (B) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (C) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                  (D) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                  (E) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                  (F) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  (a) Initiative.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        research initiative, to be known as the ``Solar Fuels 
        Research Initiative'' (referred to in this section as 
        the ``Initiative'') to expand theoretical and 
        fundamental knowledge of photochemistry, 
        electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials science 
        useful for the practical development of experimental 
        systems to convert solar energy to chemical energy.
          (2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and 
        activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
        leverage expertise and resources from--
                  (A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the 
                Biological and Environmental Research Program 
                of the Office of Science; and
                  (B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
                Renewable Energy.
          (3) Teams.--
                  (A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                Initiative, the Secretary shall organize 
                activities among multidisciplinary teams to 
                leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                expertise from the National Laboratories, 
                institutions of higher education, and the 
                private sector.
                  (B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue 
                aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research 
                goals.
                  (C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide 
                sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary 
                teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve 
                the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a 
                period of time to be determined by the 
                Secretary.
          (4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may 
        organize additional activities under this subsection 
        through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy 
        Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.
  (b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under 
        the Initiative a program to support research needed to 
        bridge scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge 
        relevant to, artificial photosynthetic systems.
          (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                  (A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
                pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, 
                including--
                          (i) photoinduced production of 
                        hydrogen and oxygen from water; and
                          (ii) the sustainable photoinduced 
                        reduction of carbon dioxide to fuel 
                        products including hydrocarbons, 
                        alcohols, carbon monoxide, and natural 
                        gas; and
                  (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          (3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          [(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.]
          (4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the Secretary 
        shall make available for carrying out activities under 
        this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2022 through 2031.
  (c) Biochemistry, Replication of Natural Photosynthesis, and 
Related Processes.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under 
        the Initiative a program to support research needed to 
        replicate natural photosynthetic processes by use of 
        artificial photosynthetic components and materials.
          (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                  (A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
                expand fundamental knowledge to replicate 
                natural synthesis processes, including--
                          (i) the photoinduced reduction of 
                        dinitrogen to ammonia;
                          (ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide 
                        from ambient air;
                          (iii) molecular-based charge 
                        separation and storage;
                          (iv) photoinitiated electron 
                        transfer; and
                          (v) catalysis in biological or 
                        biomimetic systems;
                  (B) the Associate Director of Biological and 
                Environmental Research shall support systems 
                biology and genomics approaches to understand 
                genetic and physiological pathways connected to 
                photosynthetic mechanisms; and
                  (C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          (3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          [(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.]
          (4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy 
        Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make 
        available for carrying out activities under this 
        subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

  (a) Initiative.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        research initiative, to be known as the ``Electricity 
        Storage Research Initiative'' (referred to in this 
        section as the ``Initiative'')--
                  (A) to expand theoretical and fundamental 
                knowledge to control, store, and convert--
                          (i) electrical energy to chemical 
                        energy; and
                          (ii) chemical energy to electrical 
                        energy; and
                  (B) to support scientific inquiry into the 
                practical understanding of chemical and 
                physical processes that occur within systems 
                involving crystalline and amorphous solids, 
                polymers, and organic and aqueous liquids.
          (2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and 
        activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
        leverage expertise and resources from--
                  (A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the 
                Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, 
                and the Biological and Environmental Research 
                Program of the Office of Science; and
                  (B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
                Renewable Energy.
          (3) Teams.--
                  (A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                Initiative, the Secretary shall organize 
                activities among multidisciplinary teams to 
                leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                expertise from the National Laboratories, 
                institutions of higher education, and the 
                private sector.
                  (B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue 
                aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research 
                goals.
                  (C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide 
                sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary 
                teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve 
                the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a 
                period of time to be determined by the 
                Secretary.
          (4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may 
        organize additional activities under this subsection 
        through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy 
        Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.
  (b) Multivalent Systems.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under 
        the Initiative a program to support research needed to 
        bridge scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge 
        relevant to, multivalent ion materials in electric 
        energy storage systems.
          (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                  (A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences shall investigate 
                electrochemical properties and the dynamics of 
                materials, including charge transfer phenomena 
                and mass transport in materials; and
                  (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          (3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          [(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.]
          (4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the Secretary 
        shall make available for carrying out activities under 
        this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2022 through 2026.
  (c) Electrochemistry Modeling and Simulation.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under 
        the Initiative a program to support research to model 
        and simulate organic electrolytes, including the static 
        and dynamic electrochemical behavior and phenomena of 
        organic electrolytes at the molecular and atomic level 
        in monovalent and multivalent systems.
          (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                  (A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences, in coordination with the 
                Associate Director of Advanced Scientific 
                Computing Research, shall support the 
                development of high performance computational 
                tools through a joint development process to 
                maximize the effectiveness of current and 
                projected high performance computing systems; 
                and
                  (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          (3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          [(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.]
          (4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy 
        Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make 
        available for carrying out activities under this 
        subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.
  (d) Mesoscale Electrochemistry.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under 
        the Initiative a program to support research needed to 
        reveal electrochemistry in confined mesoscale spaces, 
        including scientific discoveries relevant to--
                  (A) bio-electrochemistry and electrochemical 
                energy conversion and storage in confined 
                spaces; and
                  (B) the dynamics of the phenomena described 
                in subparagraph (A).
          (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                  (A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
                Energy Sciences and the Associate Director of 
                Biological and Environmental Research shall 
                investigate phenomena of mesoscale 
                electrochemical confinement for the purpose of 
                replicating and controlling new electrochemical 
                behavior; and
                  (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
                Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
                translational research, development, and 
                validation of physical concepts developed under 
                the program.
          (3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical 
        milestones.
          [(4) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended 
        for commercial application of energy technology.]
          (4) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated in section 316 of the Department of Energy 
        Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall make 
        available for carrying out activities under this 
        subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 977. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PROGRAM.

  (a) Program.--
          (1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        research, development, and demonstration program in 
        microbial and plant systems biology, protein science, 
        computational biology, and environmental science to 
        support the energy, national security, and 
        environmental missions of the Department.
          (2) Grants.--The program shall support individual 
        researchers and multidisciplinary teams of researchers 
        through competitive, merit-reviewed grants.
          (3) Consultation.--In carrying out the program, the 
        Secretary shall consult with other Federal agencies 
        that conduct genetic and protein research.
  (b) Goals.--The program shall have the goal of developing 
technologies and methods based on the biological functions of 
genomes, microbes, and plants that--
          (1) can facilitate the production of fuels, including 
        hydrogen in sustainable production systems that reduce 
        greenhouse gas emissions;
          (2) convert carbon dioxide to organic carbon;
          (3) detoxify soils and water, including at facilities 
        of the Department, contaminated with heavy metals and 
        radiological materials;
          (4) develop cellulosic and other feedstocks that are 
        less resource and land intensive and that promote 
        sustainable use of resources, including soil, water, 
        energy, forests, and land, and ensure protection of 
        air, water, and soil quality; and
          (5) address other Department missions as identified 
        by the Secretary.
  (c) Plan.--
          (1) Development of plan.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
        prepare and transmit to Congress a research plan 
        describing how the program authorized pursuant to this 
        section will be undertaken to accomplish the program 
        goals established in subsection (b).
          (2) Review of plan.--The Secretary shall contract 
        with the National Academy of Sciences to review the 
        research plan developed under this subsection. The 
        Secretary shall transmit the review to Congress not 
        later than 18 months after transmittal of the research 
        plan under paragraph (1), along with the Secretary's 
        response to the recommendations contained in the 
        review.
  (d) User Facilities and Ancillary Equipment.--Within the 
funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to this subtitle, 
amounts shall be available for projects to develop, plan, 
construct, acquire, or operate special equipment, 
instrumentation, or facilities, including user facilities at 
National Laboratories, for researchers conducting research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application in 
systems biology and proteomics and associated biological 
disciplines.
  (e) Prohibition on Biomedical and Human Cell and Human 
Subject Research.--
          (1) No biomedical research.--In carrying out the 
        program under this section, the Secretary shall not 
        conduct biomedical research.
          (2) Limitations.--Nothing in this section shall 
        authorize the Secretary to conduct any research or 
        demonstrations--
                  (A) on human cells or human subjects; or
                  (B) designed to have direct application with 
                respect to human cells or human subjects.
  [(f) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
          [(1) Establishment of centers.--In carrying out the 
        program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
        establish at least 7 bioenergy research centers, which 
        may be of varying size.
          [(2) Geographic distribution.--The Secretary shall 
        establish at least 1 bioenergy research center in each 
        Petroleum Administration for Defense District or 
        Subdistrict of a Petroleum Administration for Defense 
        District.
          [(3) Goals.--The goals of the centers established 
        under this subsection shall be to accelerate basic 
        transformational research and development of biofuels, 
        including biological processes.
          [(4) Selection and duration.--
                  [(A) In general.--A center under this 
                subsection shall be selected on a competitive 
                basis for a period of 5 years.
                  [(B) Reapplication.--After the end of the 
                period described in subparagraph (A), a grantee 
                may reapply for selection on a competitive 
                basis.
          [(5) Inclusion.--A center that is in existence on the 
        date of enactment of this subsection--
                  [(A) shall be counted towards the requirement 
                for establishment of at least 7 bioenergy 
                research centers; and
                  [(B) may continue to receive support for a 
                period of 5 years beginning on the date of 
                establishment of the center.]
  (f) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
          (1) In general.--In carrying out the program under 
        section 306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and 
        Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the Director shall 
        support up to six bioenergy research centers to conduct 
        fundamental research in plant and microbial systems 
        biology, biological imaging and analysis, and genomics, 
        and to accelerate advanced research and development of 
        biomass-based liquid transportation fuels, bioenergy, 
        or biobased materials, chemicals, and products that are 
        produced from a variety of regionally diverse 
        feedstocks, and to facilitate the translation of 
        research results to industry. The activities of the 
        centers authorized under this subsection may include--
                  (A) accelerating the domestication of 
                bioenergy-relevant plants, microbes, and 
                associated microbial communities to enable 
                high-impact, value-added coproduct development 
                at multiple points in the bioenergy supply 
                chain;
                  (B) developing the science and technological 
                advances to ensure process sustainability is 
                considered in the creation of biofuels and 
                bioproducts from lignocellulose; and
                  (C) using the latest tools in genomics, 
                molecular biology, catalysis science, chemical 
                engineering, systems biology, and computational 
                and robotics technologies to sustainably 
                produce and transform biomass into biofuels and 
                bioproducts.
          (2) Selection and duration.--
                  (A) In general.--A center established under 
                paragraph (1) shall be selected on a 
                competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period 
                of not more than 5 years, subject to the 
                availability of appropriations, beginning on 
                the date of establishment of that center.
                  (B) Applications.--The Director shall 
                consider applications from National 
                Laboratories, multi-institutional 
                collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
                  (C) Existing centers.--A center already in 
                existence on the date of enactment of the 
                Department of Energy Science for the Future Act 
                may continue to receive support for a period of 
                not more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
                establishment of that center.
          (3) Renewal.--After the end of either period 
        described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew 
        support for the center for a period of not more than 5 
        years on a merit-reviewed basis. For a center in 
        operation for 10 years after its previous selection on 
        a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the Director may 
        renew support for the center on a competitive, merit-
        reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, 
        and may subsequently provide an additional renewal on a 
        merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 
        years.
          (4) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
        authorities of the Department, the Director may 
        terminate an underperforming center for cause during 
        the performance period.
          (5) Activities.--Centers shall undertake research 
        activities to accelerate the production of biofuels and 
        bioproducts from advanced biomass resources by 
        identifying the most suitable species of plants for use 
        as energy crops; and improving methods of breeding, 
        propagation, planting, producing, harvesting, storage 
        and processing. Activities may include the following:
                  (A) Research activities to increase 
                sustainability, including--
                          (i) advancing knowledge of how 
                        bioenergy crop interactions with biotic 
                        and abiotic environmental factors 
                        influence crop growth, yield, and 
                        quality;
                          (ii) identifying the most impactful 
                        research areas that address the 
                        economics of biofuels and bioproducts 
                        production; and
                          (iii) utilizing multiscale modeling 
                        to advance predictive understanding of 
                        biofuel cropping ecosystems.
                  (B) Research activities to further feedstock 
                development, including lignocellulosic, algal, 
                gaseous wastes including carbon oxides and 
                methane, and direct air capture of single 
                carbon gases via plants and microbes, 
                including--
                          (i) developing genetic and genomic 
                        tools, high-throughput analytical 
                        tools, and biosystems design approaches 
                        to enhance bioenergy feedstocks and 
                        their associated microbiomes;
                          (ii) conducting field testing of new 
                        potential bioenergy feedstock crops 
                        under environmentally benign and 
                        geographically diverse conditions to 
                        assess viability and robustness; and
                          (iii) developing quantitative models 
                        informed by experimentation to predict 
                        how bioenergy feedstocks perform under 
                        diverse conditions.
                  (C) Research activities to improve 
                lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation 
                methods, including--
                          (i) developing feedstock-agnostic 
                        deconstruction processes capable of 
                        efficiently fractionating biomass into 
                        targeted output streams;
                          (ii) gaining a detailed understanding 
                        of plant cell wall biosynthesis, 
                        composition, structure, and properties 
                        during deconstruction; and
                          (iii) improving enzymes and 
                        approaches for biomass breakdown and 
                        cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin 
                        processing.
                  (D) Research activities to improve the 
                feedstock conversion process for advanced 
                biofuels and bioproducts, including--
                          (i) developing high-throughput 
                        methods to screen or select high-
                        performance microbial strains and 
                        communities to improve product 
                        formation rates, yields, and 
                        selectivity;
                          (ii) establishing a broad set of 
                        platform microorganisms and microbial 
                        communities suitable for metabolic 
                        engineering to produce biofuels and 
                        bioproducts, as well as high-throughput 
                        methods for experimental validation of 
                        gene function;
                          (iii) developing techniques to 
                        enhance microbial robustness for 
                        tolerating toxins to improve biofuel 
                        and bioproduct yields and to gain a 
                        better understanding of the cellular 
                        and molecular bases of tolerance for 
                        major chemical classes of inhibitors 
                        found in these processes;
                          (iv) advancing technologies for the 
                        use of batch, continuous, as well as 
                        consolidated bioprocessing;
                          (v) identifying, creating, and 
                        optimizing microbial and chemical 
                        pathways to produce promising, atom-
                        economical intermediates and final 
                        bioproducts from biomass with 
                        considerations given to environmentally 
                        benign processes;
                          (vi) developing high-throughput, 
                        real-time, in situ analytical 
                        techniques to understand and 
                        characterize the pre- and post-
                        bioproduct separation streams in 
                        detail;
                          (vii) creating methodologies for 
                        efficiently identifying viable target 
                        molecules, identifying high-value 
                        bioproducts in existing biomass 
                        streams, and utilizing current 
                        byproduct streams;
                          (viii) identifying and improving 
                        plant feedstocks with enhanced 
                        extractable levels of desired 
                        bioproducts or bioproduct precursors, 
                        including lignin streams; and
                          (ix) developing integrated biological 
                        and chemical catalytic approaches to 
                        valorize and produce a diverse 
                        portfolio of advanced fuels and 
                        bioproducts.
          (6) Industry partnerships.--Centers shall establish 
        industry partnerships to translate research results to 
        commercial applications.
          (7) Coordination.--In coordination with the Bioenergy 
        Technologies Office of the Department, the Director 
        shall support interdisciplinary research activities to 
        improve the capacity, efficiency, resilience, security, 
        reliability, and affordability, of the production and 
        use of biofuels and bioproducts, as well as activities 
        to enable positive impacts and avoid the potential 
        negative impacts that the production and use of 
        biofuels and bioproducts may have on ecosystems, 
        people, and historically marginalized communities.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              


                    NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ACT


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``National 
Quantum Initiative Act''.
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is 
as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
     * * * * * * *

            TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM ACTIVITIES

     * * * * * * *
Sec. 403. Department of energy quantum network infrastructure research 
          and development program.
Sec. 404. Department of energy quantum user expansion for science and 
          technology program.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

  In this Act:
          (1) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory 
        Committee'' means the National Quantum Initiative 
        Advisory Committee established under section 104(a).
          (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                  (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate;
                  (B) the Committee on Energy and Natural 
                Resources of the Senate; and
                  (C) the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology of the House of Representatives.
          (3) Coordination office.--The term ``Coordination 
        Office'' means the National Quantum Coordination Office 
        established under section 102(a).
          (4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 101(a) of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
          (5) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the National 
        Quantum Initiative Program implemented under section 
        101(a).
          (6) Quantum information science.--The term ``quantum 
        information science'' means the use of the laws of 
        quantum physics for the storage, transmission, 
        manipulation, computing, or measurement of information.
          (7) Quantum network infrastructure.--The term 
        ``quantum network infrastructure'' means any facility, 
        expertise, or capability that is necessary to enable 
        the development and deployment of scalable and diverse 
        quantum network technologies.
          [(7)] (8) Subcommittee.--The term ``Subcommittee'' 
        means the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science 
        of the National Science and Technology Council 
        established under section 103(a).

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM ACTIVITIES

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 
                    AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the ``Secretary'') shall carry out a research, 
development, and demonstration program to accelerate innovation 
in quantum network infrastructure in order to--
          (1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum 
        computing systems through the internet and intranet;
          (2) improve the precision of measurements of 
        scientific phenomena and physical imaging technologies;
          (3) develop secure national quantum communications 
        technologies and strategies; and
          (4) demonstrate these capabilities utilizing the 
        Department's Energy Sciences Network User Facility.
  (b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall--
          (1) coordinate with--
                  (A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                  (B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                  (C) the Chair of the subcommittee on Quantum 
                Information Science of the National Science and 
                Technology Council established under section 
                103(a); and
                  (D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the 
                Economic and Security Implications of Quantum 
                Science;
          (2) conduct cooperative research with industry, 
        National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
        education, and other research institutions to 
        facilitate new quantum infrastructure methods and 
        technologies, including--
                  (A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss 
                optical channels, space-to-ground connections, 
                and classical networking and cybersecurity 
                protocols;
                  (B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state 
                sources and transmission, control, and 
                measurement of quantum states;
                  (C) quantum interconnects that allow short 
                range local connections between quantum 
                processors;
                  (D) transducers for quantum sources and 
                signals between optical and telecommunications 
                regimes and quantum computer-relevant domains, 
                including microwaves;
                  (E) development of quantum memory buffers and 
                small-scale quantum computers that are 
                compatible with photon-based quantum bits in 
                the optical or telecommunications wavelengths;
                  (F) long-range entanglement distribution at 
                both the terrestrial and space-based level 
                using quantum repeaters, allowing entanglement-
                based protocols between small- and large scale 
                quantum processors;
                  (G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, 
                and related technologies necessary to create 
                secure long-distance quantum communication; and
                  (H) integration of systems across the quantum 
                technology stack into traditional computing 
                networks, including the development of remote 
                controlled, high performance, and reliable 
                implementations of key quantum network 
                components by leveraging the expertise, 
                infrastructure and supplemental investments in 
                the Energy Sciences Network User Facility;
          (3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development 
        Consortium (QED-C) to transition component technologies 
        to help facilitate as appropriate the development of a 
        quantum supply chain for quantum network technologies;
          (4) advance basic research in advanced scientific 
        computing, particle and nuclear physics, and material 
        science to enhance the understanding, prediction, and 
        manipulation of materials, processes, and physical 
        phenomena relevant to quantum network infrastructure;
          (5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in 
        collaboration with the Department's Energy Sciences 
        Network User Facility necessary to support cross-
        cutting fundamental research and development activities 
        with diverse stakeholders from industry, National 
        Laboratories, and institutions of higher education; and
          (6) consider quantum network infrastructure 
        applications that span the Department of Energy's 
        missions in energy, environment, and national security.
  (c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across 
the Department of Energy and from--
          (1) the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology;
          (2) the National Science Foundation;
          (3) the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration;
          (4) other relevant Federal agencies;
          (5) the National Laboratories;
          (6) industry stakeholders;
          (7) institutions of higher education; and
          (8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
  (d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the 
Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate, a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes 
basic research needs relating to quantum network 
infrastructure.
  (e) Standard of Review.--The Secretary shall review 
activities carried out under this section to determine the 
achievement of technical milestones.
  (f) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall be 
made available to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
under this section, $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
through 2026.

SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND 
                    TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the ``Secretary'') shall establish and carry out a 
program (to be known as the ``Quantum User Expansion for 
Science and Technology program'' or ``QUEST program'') to 
encourage and facilitate access to United States quantum 
computing hardware and quantum computing clouds for research 
purposes in order to--
          (1) enhance the United States quantum research 
        enterprise;
          (2) educate the future quantum computing workforce; 
        and
          (3) accelerate the advancement of United States 
        quantum computing capabilities.
  (b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall--
          (1) coordinate with--
                  (A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                  (B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                  (C) the Chair of the Quantum Information 
                Science of the National Science and Technology 
                Council established under section 103(a); and
                  (D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the 
                Economic and Security Implications of Quantum 
                Science;
          (2) provide researchers based within the United 
        States with access to, and use of, United States 
        quantum computing resources through a competitive, 
        merit-reviewed process;
          (3) consider applications from the National 
        Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, 
        institutions of higher education, industry 
        stakeholders, and any other entities that the Secretary 
        determines are appropriate to provide national 
        leadership on quantum computing related issues; and
          (4) consult and coordinate with private sector 
        stakeholders, the user community, and interagency 
        partners on program development and best management 
        practices.
  (c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of 
Energy and from--
          (1) the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology;
          (2) the National Science Foundation;
          (3) the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration;
          (4) other relevant Federal agencies;
          (5) the National Laboratories;
          (6) industry stakeholders;
          (7) institutions of higher education; and
          (8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
  (d) Security.--In carrying out the activities authorized by 
this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director 
of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall ensure 
proper security controls are in place to protect sensitive 
information, as appropriate.
  (e) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall be 
made available to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
under this section--
          (1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
          (2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
          (3) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
          (4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
          (5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  (f) Equitable Use of High-performance Computing 
Capabilities.--
          (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
        that machine learning algorithms can exhibit biases 
        that cause harm to historically marginalized 
        communities.
          (2) Policy.--In leveraging high-performance computing 
        systems for research purposes, including through the 
        use of machine learning algorithms for data analysis, 
        the Secretary shall ensure that such capabilities are 
        employed in a manner that mitigates and, to the maximum 
        extent practicable, avoids harmful algorithmic bias and 
        equitably addresses challenges impacting different 
        populations, including historically marginalized 
        communities.
                              ----------                              


        NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991




           *       *       *       *       *       *       *
SEC. 2. ORGANIZATION OF ACT INTO DIVISIONS; TABLE OF CONTENTS

  (a) * * *
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is 
as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
     * * * * * * *

            DIVISION C--OTHER NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATIONS

       TITLE XXXI--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAMS

         Part E--Department of Energy Science Education Programs

Sec. 3161. Short title.
     * * * * * * *
Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.
Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities to increase the diversity, equity, 
          and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, 
          engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


           DIVISION C--OTHER NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATIONS


TITLE XXXI--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAMS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *



        Part E--Department of Energy Science Education Programs


SEC. 3161. SHORT TITLE

  This part may be cited as the ``Department of Energy Science 
Education Enhancement Act''.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Subpart A--Science Education Enhancement

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 3167. PARTNERSHIPS WITH HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND 
                    UNIVERSITIES, HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS, AND 
                    TRIBAL COLLEGES.

  (a) Definitions.--In this section:
          (1) Hispanic-serving institution.--The term 
        ``Hispanic-serving institution'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act 
        of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a)).
          (2) Historically black college or university.--The 
        term ``historically Black college or university'' has 
        the meaning given the term ``part B institution'' in 
        section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1061).
          (3) National laboratory.--The term ``National 
        Laboratory'' has the meaning given the term in section 
        2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
          (4) Science facility.--The term ``science facility'' 
        has the meaning given the term ``single-purpose 
        research facility'' in section 903 of the Energy Policy 
        Act of 2005.
          (5) Tribal college.--The term ``tribal college'' has 
        the meaning given the term ``tribally controlled 
        college or university'' in section 2(a) of the Tribally 
        Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 
        1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801(a)).
  (b) Education Partnership.--The Secretary shall require the 
director of each National Laboratory, and may require the head 
of any science facility, to increase the participation of 
historically Black colleges or universities, Hispanic-serving 
institutions, or tribal colleges in any activity that increases 
the capacity of the historically Black colleges or 
universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, or tribal colleges 
to train personnel in science or engineering.
  (c) Activities.--An activity described in subsection (b) 
includes--
          (1) collaborative research;
          (2) equipment transfer;
          (3) training activities carried out at a National 
        Laboratory or science facility; and
          (4) mentoring activities carried out at a National 
        Laboratory or science facility.
  (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to 
Congress a report describing the activities carried out under 
this section.

SEC. 3167A. BROADENING PARTICIPATION FOR TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary shall expand opportunities to 
increase the number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of 
highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and 
mathematics (STEM) professionals working in Department of 
Energy mission-relevant disciplines and broaden the recruitment 
pool to increase diversity, including expanded partnerships 
with Historically Black Colleges, Tribal Colleges, Minority 
Serving Institutions, emerging research institutions, and 
scientific societies.
  (b) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and make available to 
the public a plan for broadening participation of 
underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, 
and mathematics in programs supported by the Department 
programs, including--
          (1) a plan for supporting and leveraging the National 
        Science Foundation INCLUDES National Network;
          (2) metrics for assessing the participation of 
        underrepresented groups in Department programs;
          (3) experienced and potential barriers to broadening 
        participation of underrepresented groups in Department 
        programs, including recommended solutions; and
          (4) any other activities the Secretary finds 
        appropriate.
  (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts 
authorized to be appropriated in section 3169 (42 U.S.C. 
7381e), at least $2,000,000 shall be made available each fiscal 
year for the activities described under this subsection.

SEC. 3167B. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE THE DIVERSITY, EQUITY, 
                    AND INCLUSION OF HIGHLY SKILLED SCIENCE, 
                    TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) 
                    PROFESSIONALS.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary shall expand opportunities to 
increase the number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of 
highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and 
mathematics (STEM) professionals working in Department of 
Energy mission-relevant disciplines and broaden the recruitment 
pool to increase diversity, including expanded partnerships 
with minority-serving institutions, non-Research I 
universities, and scientific societies.
  (b) Plan and Outreach Strategy.--
          (1) Plan.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
        enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the 
        Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
        on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate a 10-year educational plan to 
        fund and expand new or existing programs administered 
        by the Office of Science and sited at the national 
        laboratories and Department of Energy user facilities 
        to expand educational and workforce opportunities for 
        underrepresented high school, undergraduate, and 
        graduate students as well as recent graduates, teachers 
        and faculty in STEM fields. This may include paid 
        internships, fellowships, temporary employment, 
        training programs, visiting student and faculty 
        programs, sabbaticals, and research support.
          (2) Outreach capacity.--The Secretary shall include 
        in the plan under paragraph (1) an outreach strategy to 
        improve the advertising, recruitment, and promotion of 
        educational and workforce programs to community 
        colleges, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 
        Tribal Colleges, Minority Serving Institutions, and 
        emerging research institutions.
  (c) Building Research Capacity.--The Secretary shall develop 
programs that strengthen the research capacity relevant to 
Office of Science disciplines at emerging research 
institutions, including minority-serving institutions, tribal 
colleges and universities, Historically Black Colleges and 
Universities, and colleges and universities. This may include 
enabling mutually beneficial and jointly managed partnerships 
between research-intensive institutions and emerging research 
institutions, and soliciting research proposals, fellowships, 
training programs, and research support directly from emerging 
research institutions.
  (d) Traineeships.--The Secretary shall establish a 
university-led Traineeship Program to address workforce 
training needs in STEM fields relevant to the Department. The 
focus should be on supporting training and research experiences 
for underrepresented undergraduate and graduate students and 
increasing participation from underrepresented populations. The 
traineeships should include opportunities to build the next-
generation workforce in research areas critical to maintaining 
core competencies across the Office of Science's programs.
  (e) Evaluation.--The Secretary shall establish key 
performance indicators to measure and monitor progress of 
education and workforce programs and expand Departmental 
activities for data collection and analysis. The Secretary 
shall submit a report 2 years after the date of enactment of 
the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, and every 
2 years thereafter, to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate summarizing progress 
toward meeting key performance indicators.
  (f) Definitions.--In this section:
          (1) Minority-serving institution.--The term 
        ``minority-serving institution'' includes the entities 
        described in any of paragraphs (1) through (7) of 
        section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
          (2) Historically black college and universities.--The 
        term ``Historically Black Colleges and Universities'' 
        has the meaning given in ``part B institution'' in 
        section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1061).
          (3) STEM.--The term ``STEM'' has the meaning given 
        the term in the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 
        1861 et seq.).
          (4) Tribal colleges and universities.--The term 
        ``Tribal College or University'' has the meaning given 
        in section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1059c).

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

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