[House Report 117-708]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                            Union Calendar No. 524

117th Congress }                                          { Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
  2d Session   }                                          { 117-708

======================================================================
                     REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE AND

                          OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES

                                 of the

                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

                               during the

                             117TH CONGRESS

[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]


January 3, 2023.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed                      
                      
                               __________
                        
                                
                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
50-204                      WASHINGTON : 2023                    
          
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                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
                         FULL COMMITTEE MEMBERS
                             117th Congress

                 RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts, Chair

Lloyd Doggett, Texas                 Kevin Brady, Texas, Ranking Member
Mike Thompson, California            Devin Nunes, California*
John B. Larson, Connecticut          Vern Buchanan, Florida
Earl Blumenauer, Oregon              Adrian Smith, Nebraska
Ron Kind, Wisconsin                  Tom Reed, New York**
Bill Pascrell Jr., New Jersey        Mike Kelly, Pennsylvania
Danny K. Davis, Illinois             Jason Smith, Missouri
Linda T. Sanchez, California         Tom Rice, South Carolina
Brian Higgins, New York              David Schweikert, Arizona
Terri A. Sewell, Alabama             Jackie Walorski, Indiana***
Suzan DelBene, Washington            Darin LaHood, Illinois
Judy Chu, California                 Brad Wenstrup, Ohio
Gwen Moore, Wisconsin                Jodey Arrington, Texas
Dan Kildee, Michigan                 Drew Ferguson, Georgia
Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania          Ron Estes, Kansas
Don Beyer, Virginia                  Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania
Dwight Evans, Pennsylvania           Kevin Hern, Oklahoma
Brad Schneider, Illinois             Carol Miller, West Virginia
Tom Suozzi, New York                 Gregory Murphy, North Carolina****
Jimmy Panetta, California            David Kustoff, Tennessee*****
Stephanie Murphy, Florida
Jimmy Gomez, California
Steven Horsford, Nevada
Stacey Plaskett, U.S. Virgin 
    Islands

----------
*The Honorable Devin Nunes resigned from the Committee on January 3, 
2022.
**The Honorable Tom Reed resigned from Congress on May 10, 2022.
***The Honorable Jackie Walorski passed away on August 3, 2022.
****The Honorable Gregory Murphy was adopted as a Member of the 
Committee on January 19, 2022.
*****The Honorable David Kustoff was adopted as a Member of the 
Committee on June 9, 2022.
                     
                     
                     COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
                       FULL COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP
                             117th Congress
                              2nd Session

                       RICHARD E. NEAL, Chairman
Lloyd Doggett, Texas                 Kevin Brady, Texas, Ranking Member
Mike Thompson, California            Vern Buchanan, Florida
John B. Larson, Connecticut          Adrian Smith, Nebraska
Earl Blumenauer, Oregon              Mike Kelly, Pennsylvania
Ron Kind, Wisconsin                  Jason Smith, Missouri
Bill Pascrell Jr., New Jersey        Tom Rice, South Carolina
Danny K. Davis, Illinois             David Schweikert, Arizona
Linda T. Sanchez, California         Darin LaHood, Illinois
Brian Higgins, New York              Brad Wenstrup, Ohio
Terri A. Sewell, Alabama             Jodey Arrington, Texas
Suzan DelBene, Washington            Drew Ferguson, Georgia
Judy Chu, California                 Ron Estes, Kansas
Gwen Moore, Wisconsin                Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania
Dan Kildee, Michigan                 Kevin Hern, Oklahoma
Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania          Carol Miller, West Virginia
Don Beyer, Virginia                  Gregory Murphy, North Carolina
Dwight Evans, Pennsylvania           David Kustoff, Tennessee
Brad Schneider, Illinois
Tom Suozzi, New York
Jimmy Panetta, California
Stephanie Murphy, Florida
Jimmy Gomez, California
Steven Horsford, Nevada
Stacey Plaskett, U.S. Virgin 
    Islands
                        Select Revenue Measures

                  Mike Thompson, California, Chairman
Lloyd Doggett (TX)                   Mike Kelly, Ranking Member (PA)
John B. Larson (CT)                  Tom Rice (SC)
Linda T. Sanchez (CA)                David Schweikert (AZ)
Suzan DelBene (WA)                   Darin LaHood (IL)
Gwen Moore (WI)                      Jodey Arrington (TX)
Brendan Boyle (PA)                   Drew Ferguson (GA)
Don Beyer (VA)                       Kevin Hern (OK)
Tom Suozzi (NY)                      Ron Estes (KS)
Stacey E. Plaskett (VI)
Terri A. Sewell (AL)

                         Subcommittee on Trade

                   Earl Blumenauer, Oregon, Chairman
Ron Kind (WI)                        Adrian Smith, Ranking Member (NE)
Danny K. Davis (IL)                  Vern Buchanan (FL)
Brian Higgins (NY)                   Darin LaHood (IL)
Dan Kildee (MI)                      Jodey Arrington (TX)
Jimmy Panetta (CA)                   Drew Ferguson (GA)
Stephanie Murphy (FL)                Ron Estes (KS)
Suzan DelBene (WA)                   Carol Miller (WV)
Don Beyer (VA)                       Lloyd Smucker (PA)
Linda T. Sanchez (CA)
Brendan Boyle (PA)

                         Subcommittee on Health

                      Lloyd Doggett (TX) Chairman
Mike Thompson (CA)                   Vern Buchanan, Ranking Member (FL)
Ron Kind (WI)                        Adrian Smith (NE)
Earl Blumenauer (OR)                 Mike Kelly (PA)
Brian Higgins (NY)                   Jason Smith (MO)
Terri A. Sewell (AL)                 Brad Wenstrup (OH)
Judy Chu (CA)                        Greg Murphy (NC)
Dwight Evans (PA)                    Kevin Hern (OK)
Brad Schneider (IL)                  Carol Miller (WV)
Jimmy Gomez, (CA)
Steven Horsford (NV)
               Subcommittee on Worker and Family Support

                       Danny Davis (IL), Chairman
Judy Chu (CA)                        Jackie Walorski (IN), Ranking 
Gwen Moore (WI)                          Member
Dwight Evans (PA)                    Brad Wenstrup (OH)
Stephanie Murphy (FL)                Lloyd Smucker (PA)
Jimmy Gomez (CA)                     Greg Murphy (NC)
Dan Kildee (MI)                      David Kustoff (TN)
Jimmy Panetta (CA)

                    Subcommittee on Social Security

                     John B. Larson (CT), Chairman
Bill Pascrell, Jr. (NJ)              David Schweikert (AK), Ranking 
Linda T. Sanchez (CA)                    Member
Brian Higgins (NY)                   David Kustoff (TN)
Steven Horsford (NV)                 Tom Rice (SC)
Earl Blumenauer (OR)                 Jodey Arrington (TX)
Terri A. Sewell (AL)                 Drew Ferguson (GA)
Gwen Moore (WI)

                       Subcommittee on Oversight

                   Bill Pascrell, Jr. (NJ), Chairman
Tom Suozzi (NY)                      Tom Rice (SC), Ranking Member
Judy Chu (CA)                        Jackie Walorski (IN)
Brad Schneider (IL)                  Greg Murphy (NC)
Stacey E. Plaskett (VI)              David Kustoff (TN)
Lloyd Doggett (TX)                   Brad Wenstrup (OH)
Dwight Evans (IL)
Steven Horsford (NV)
                         LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

                          House of Representatives,
                               Committee on Ways and Means,
                                   Washington, DC, January 3, 2023.
Hon. Cheryl L. Johnson,
Clerk of the House of Representatives,
Washington, DC.
    Dear Ms. Johnson: I am herewith transmitting, pursuant to 
House Rule XI, clause 1(d), the report of the Committee on Ways 
and Means on its legislative and oversight activities during 
the 117th Congress.
            Sincerely,
                                           Richard E. Neal,
                                                             Chair.
                           
                           C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page
Letter of Transmittal............................................   VII
Table of Contents................................................    IX
Foreword.........................................................    XI
 I. Legislative Activity Review.......................................1
          A. Legislative Review of Tax Issues....................     1
          B. Legislative Review of Trade Issues..................     8
          C. Legislative Review of Health Issues.................    12
          D. Legislative Review of Worker and Family Support 
              Issues.............................................    22
          E. Legislative Review of Social Security Issues........    26
          F. Legislative Review of Oversight Issues..............    27
II. Oversight Activity Review........................................29
          A. Oversight Agenda....................................    29
          B. Actions Taken and Recommendations Made with Respect 
              to
            Oversight Plan.......................................    32
            Matters under the Committee's Tax Jurisdiction.......    29
III.Public Hearings..................................................74

Markups..........................................................    76
Appendix I. Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means......    78
Brief Description of Committee's Jurisdiction....................    78
Appendix II. Statistical Review of the Activities of the 
  Committee on Ways and Means....................................    84
Appendix III. Chairmen of the Committee on Ways and Means and 
  Membership of the Committee from the 1st through the 117th 
  Congresses.....................................................    85
                                FOREWORD

    The Committee on Ways and Means submits its report on its 
legislative and oversight activities for the 117th Congress 
pursuant to the requirements of clause 1(d) of Rule XI of the 
Rules of the House. Section I of the report describes the 
Committee's legislative activities, divided into seven sections 
as follows: Legislative Review of Tax Issues; Legislative 
Review of Trade Issues; Legislative Review of Health Issues; 
Legislative Review of Worker and Family Support Issues; 
Legislative Review of Social Security Issues; Legislative 
Review of Oversight Issues; and Legislative Review of Multi-
Jurisdictional Issues.
    Section II of the report describes the Committee's 
oversight activities. It includes a copy of the Committee's 
Oversight Agenda, as filed with the House Clerk on March 1, 
2021, along with a description of actions taken and 
recommendations made with respect to the oversight plan. The 
report then discusses additional Committee oversight 
activities, and any recommendations or actions taken as a 
result.
    Finally, the report includes three appendices with 
Committee information. Appendix I is an expanded discussion of 
the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means along with 
a revised listing and explanation of blue slip resolutions. 
Appendix II is a Statistical Review of the Activities of the 
Committee on Ways and Means. Appendix III is a listing of the 
Chairmen and membership of the Committee from the 1st through 
117th Congress.
    To carry out its work during the One Hundred Seventeenth 
Congress, the Committee on Ways and Means had six standing 
Subcommittees, listed below with membership:

                Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures

     Mike Thompson (CA), Chair

Adrian Smith (NE), Ranking Member    Lloyd Doggett (TX)
Tom Rice (SC)                        John B. Larson (CT)
David Schweikert (AZ)                Linda T. Sanchez (CA)
Darin LaHood (IL)                    Suzan DelBene (WA)
Jodey Arrington (TX)                 Gwen Moore (WI)
Drew Ferguson (GA)                   Brendan Boyle (PA)
Kevin Hern (OK)                      Don Beyer (VA)
Ron Estes (KS)                       Tom Suozzi (NY)
                                     Stacey E. Plaskett (VI)
                                     Terri A. Sewell (AL)

                         Subcommittee on Trade

    Earl Blumenauer (OR), Chair

Vern Buchanan (FL), Ranking Member   Ron Kind (WI)
Devin Nunes (CA)                     Danny K. Davis (IL)
Tom Rice (SC)                        Brian Higgins (NY)
Darin LaHood (IL)                    Dan Kildee (MI)
Jodey Arrington (TX)                 Jimmy Panetta (CA)
Drew Ferguson (GA)                   Stephanie Murphy (FL)
Ron Estes (KS)                       Suzan DelBene (WA)
Carol Miller (WV)                    Don Beyer (VA)
                                     Linda T. Sanchez (CA)
                                     Brendan Boyle (PA)

                         Subcommittee on Health

     Lloyd Doggett (TX), Chair

Devin Nunes (CA), Ranking Member     Mike Thompson (CA)
Vern Buchanan (FL)                   Ron Kind (WI)
Adrian Smith (NE)                    Earl Blumenauer (OR)
Tom Reed (NY)                        Brian Higgins (NY)
Mike Kelly (PA)                      Terri A. Sewell (AL)
Jason Smith (MO)                     Judy Chu (CA)
David Schweikert (AZ)                Dwight Evans (PA)
Brad Wenstrup (OH)                   Brad Schneider (IL)
                                     Jimmy Gomez (CA)
                                     Steven Horsford (NV)

               Subcommittee on Worker and Family Support

    Danny K. Davis (IL), Chair

Jackie Walorski (IN), Ranking Member Judy Chu (CA)
Brad Wenstrup (OH)                   Gwen Moore (WI)
Lloyd Smucker (PA)                   Dwight Evans (PA)
Kevin Hern (OK)                      Stephanie Murphy (FL)
Carol Miller (WV)                    Jimmy Gomez (CA)
                                     Dan Kildee (MI)
                                     Jimmy Panetta (CA)

                    Subcommittee on Social Security

    John B. Larson (CT), Chair

Tom Reed (NY), Ranking Member        Bill Pascrell, Jr. (NJ)
Tom Rice (SC)                        Linda T. Sanchez (CA)
Jodey Arrington (TX)                 Brian Higgins (NY)
Ron Estes (KS)                       Steven Horsford (NV)
Kevin Hern (OK)                      Earl Blumenauer (OR)
                                     Terri A. Sewell (AL)
                                     Gwen Moore (WI)

                       Subcommittee on Oversight

  Bill Pascrell, Jr. (NJ), Chair

Mike Kelly (PA), Ranking Member      Tom Suozzi (NY)
Jackie Walorski (IN)                 Judy Chu (CA)
Brad Wenstrup (OH)                   Brad Schneider (IL)
Drew Ferguson (GA)                   Stacey E. Plaskett (VI)
Lloyd Smucker (PA)                   Lloyd Doggett (TX)
                                     Dwight Evans (IL)
                                     Steven Horsford (NV)
                                     
                                     
                                     

                                            Union Calendar No. 524

117th Congress }                                          { Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
  2d Session   }                                          { 117-708

======================================================================                                     
 
REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE AND OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
       WAYS AND MEANS DURING THE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS

                                _______
                                

January 3, 2023.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

            Mr. NEAL, from the Committee on Ways and Means, 
                        submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                     I. LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY REVIEW


                  A. Legislative Review of Tax Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

a. American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2)

    On February 24, 2021, Representative John Yarmuth 
introduced H.R. 1319, the American Rescue Plan Act. On February 
24, 2021, the House Budget Committee ordered the bill favorably 
reported (H. Rept. 117-7). On February 27, 2021, H.R. 1319 
passed the House by a recorded vote of 219-212 (Roll no. 49). 
On March 6, 2021, H.R. 1319 passed the Senate with an amendment 
by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote Number: 110). On March 
10, 2021, the House agreed on a motion to concur with the 
Senate amendment by a recorded vote of 220-211 (Roll no. 72). 
On March 11, 2021, H.R. 1319 was signed by the President and 
became Public Law No. 117-2.
    P.L. 117-2 includes tax provisions related to modifying the 
Earned Income Tax Credit, the Child Tax Credit, the Child and 
Dependent Care Tax Credit, and extending and modifying the 
Employee Retention Tax Credit and employer payroll credits for 
COVID-19 related paid leave. It also establishes the Pension 
Rehabilitation Administration within the Department of Treasury 
and creates a related trust fund to make loans to certain 
multiemployer defined benefit pension plans.

b. Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-44)

    On September 30, 2021, Representative Peter DeFazio 
introduced H.R. 5434, the Surface Transportation Extension Act 
of 2021. On October 1, 2021, the House agreed to suspend the 
rules and pass H.R. 5434 by a recorded vote of 365-51 (Roll no. 
313). On October 2, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 5434 by 
unanimous consent. On October 2, 2021, H.R. 5434 was signed by 
the President and became Public Law No. 117-44.
    P.L. 117-44 amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend 
expenditure authority through November 1, 2021, for the Highway 
Trust Fund, Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund, and 
Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund.

c. Promoting Physical Activity for Americans Act (P.L. 117-50)

    On April 22, 2021, Senator Sherrod Brown introduced S. 
1301, the Promoting Physical Activity for Americans Act. On 
July 30, 2021, S. 1301 passed the Senate by voice vote. On 
September 29, 2021, the House passed S. 1301, as amended, by a 
recorded vote of 219-212 (Roll no. 310). On October 7, 2021, 
the Senate concurred in the House amendment to S. 130, as 
amended, by a recorded vote of 50-48 (Record Vote: 412). On 
October 14, 2021, S. 1301 was signed by the President and 
became Public Law No. 117-50.
    Public Law 117-73 increased the public debt limit by $480 
billion.

d. Further Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-52)

    On October 28, 2021, Representative Peter DeFazio 
introduced H.R. 5763, the Further Surface Transportation 
Extension Act of 2021. On October 28, 2021, the House agreed to 
suspend the rules and pass H.R. 5763 by a recorded vote of 358-
59 (Roll no. 339). On October 28, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 
5763 by unanimous consent. On October 31, 2021, H.R. 5763 was 
signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-52.
    P.L. 117-52 amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend 
expenditure authority through December 4, 2021, for the Highway 
Trust Fund, Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund, and 
Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund.

e. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58)

    On June 4, 2021, Representative Peter DeFazio introduced 
H.R. 3684, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. On July 
1, 2021, the House passed H.R. 3684, as amended, by a recorded 
vote of 221-201 (Roll no. 208). On August 10, 2021, the Senate 
passed H.R. 3984 by a recorded vote of 69-30 (Record Vote 
Number: 314). On November 5, 2021, the House agreed to the 
Senate amendment by a recorded vote of 228-206 (Roll no. 370). 
On November 15, 2021, H.R. 3684 was signed by the President and 
became Public Law No. 117-58.
    P.L. 117-58 amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend the 
Highway Trust Fund expenditure authority and to extend and 
modify certain excise taxes. It expands the use of private 
activity bonds and provides information reporting on the sale 
of certain digital assets. It also extends IRS pension plan 
interest rate relief, extends certain extensions of pension-
related IRS deadlines for federally declared disasters, and 
modifies the expiration date of the Employee Retention Tax 
Credit.

f. Protecting Medicare and American Farmers from Sequester Cuts Act 
        (P.L. 117-71)

    On March 4, 2021, Senator Tim Kaine introduced S. 610, the 
Protecting Medicare and American Farmers from Sequester Cuts 
Act. On August 6, 2021, the Senate passed S. 610, as amended, 
by voice vote. On December 7, 2021, the House passed S. 610, as 
amended, by a recorded vote of 222-212 (Roll no. 404). On 
December 9, 2021, the Senate agreed to the House amendment to 
S. 610 by a recorded vote of 59-35 (Record Vote Number: 491). 
On December 10, 2021, S. 610 was signed by the President and 
became Public Law No. 117-71.
    P.L. 117-71 establishes expedited Senate procedures for 
considering legislation to increase the debt limit.

g. Joint resolution relating to increasing the debt limit (P.L. 117-73)

    On December 14, 2021, Senator Charles E. Schumer introduced 
S.J. Res. 33, a joint resolution relating to increasing the 
debt limit. On December 14, 2021, S.J. Res 33 passed the Senate 
by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote No. 498). On December 
15, 2021, the House passed S.J. Res 33 by a recorded vote of 
221-209 (Roll no. 449). On December 16, 2021, the President 
signed S.J. Res. 33 and it became Public Law No. 117-73.
    P.L. 117-73 increased the public debt limit by $2.5 
trillion.

h. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-169)

    On August 11, 2021, the Senate passed S. Con. Res. 14, a 
concurrent resolution setting the congressional budget for 
fiscal year 2022, by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote 
Number: 357). On August 24, 2021, the House passed S. Con. Res. 
14 by a recorded vote of 220-212 (Roll no. 258). On September 9 
10 and 14 15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and Means marked up 
legislative proposals set forth in a committee print to comply 
with the budget reconciliation instructions included in S. Con. 
Res. 14. On September 15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and Means 
transmitted the recommendations and all appropriate 
accompanying material to the House Committee on the Budget. On 
September 27, 2021, Representative John Yarmuth introduced H.R. 
5376, the Build Back Better Act. On November 19, 2021, H.R. 
5376 passed the House by a recorded vote of 220-213 (Roll no. 
385). On August 7, 2022, H.R. 5376, the Inflation Reduction 
Act, as amended by an amendment in the nature of a substitute, 
passed the Senate by a recorded vote of 51-50 (Record Vote 
Number: 325). On August 12, 2022, the House agreed to the 
Senate amendment by a recorded vote of 220-207 (Roll no. 420). 
On August 16, 2022, H.R. 5376 was signed by the President and 
became Public Law No. 117-169.
    P.L. 117-169 includes tax provisions related to the 
imposition of a corporate alternative minimum tax, an excise 
tax on repurchases of corporate stock, an excise tax on drug 
manufacturers for failure to negotiate prescription prices, 
clean energy tax incentives, and the reinstatement of the 
Superfund petroleum tax.

i. Supreme Court Security Funding Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-167)

    On July 1, 2021, Representative Tim Ryan introduced H.R. 
4346, making appropriations for Legislative Branch for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 2022. On July 28, 2021, the 
House passed H.R. 4346, as amended, by a recorded vote of 215-
207 (Roll no. 239). On June 22, 2022, the Senate passed H.R. 
4346, as amended, by unanimous consent. On July 27, 2022, the 
Senate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment, 
as amended, (S. Amdt. 5135) by a recorded vote of 64-33 (Record 
Vote Number: 271). On July 28, 2022, the House agreed to the 
Senate amendment to the House amendment to the Senate amendment 
by a recorded vote of 243-187 (Roll no. 404). On August 9, 
2022, H.R. 4346 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-167.
    P.L. 117-167 did not include tax provisions upon 
introduction. S. Amdt. 5135, introduced by Senator Charles 
Schumer, amended the Internal Revenue Code by inserting a new 
section establishing an advanced manufacturing investment 
credit, which allows for a credit equal to 25 percent of a 
qualified investment in semiconductor manufacturing.

j. Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act 
        (P.L. 117-43)

    On September 21, 2021, Representative Rosa L. DeLauro 
introduced H.R. 5305, the Extending Government Funding and 
Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. On September 21, 2021, the 
House passed H.R. 5305 by a recorded vote of 220-211 (Roll no. 
267). On September 30, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 5305, as 
amended, by a recorded vote of (Record Vote Number: 397). On 
September 30, 2021, the House agreed to the Senate amendment by 
a recorded vote of 254-175 (Roll no. 311). On September 30, 
2021, H.R. 5305 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-43.
    The bill included a debt limit provision when it initially 
passed the House, but the provision was removed in the Senate, 
and it was not included in the final law.

k. Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-__)

    On April 16, 2021, Representative Gerald E. Connolly 
introduced H.R. 2617, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2023. On September 28, 2021 H.R. 2617 was passed in the House, 
as amended, by a recorded vote of 414-10 (Roll no. 304). On 
November 15, 2022, H.R. 2617 was passed in the Senate, as 
amended, by unanimous consent. On December 22, 2022, the Senate 
concurred in the House amendment to Senate amendment SA 4 to 
H.R. 2617 with an amendment, under the order of December 22, 
2022, by a record vote of 68-29 (Record Vote Number: 421). On 
December 23, 2022, the House agreed to the Senate amendment to 
the House amendment to the Senate Amendment by a vote of 225 
201, 1 present (Roll no. 549). On December 29, 2022, H.R. 2617 
was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-__
    On May 4, 2021, Chair Neal introduced H.R. 2954, the 
Securing a Strong Retirement Act of 2021. On May 5, 2021, the 
Committee on Ways and Means held a markup and ordered H.R. 2954 
favorably reported (H. Rept. 117-283). On March 29, 2022, the 
House passed the bill H.R. 2954 under suspension of the rules 
by a recorded vote of 414-5 (Roll no. 86). The provisions of 
H.R. 2954 were substantially incorporated into the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2023.
    This bill contains tax provisions related to retirement 
savings, required minimum distributions, retirement plan 
enrollment and contributions, and penalty-free withdrawals from 
retirement plans for certain cases.

              2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

a. American Dream and Promise Act of 2021, H.R. 6

    On March 3, 2021, Representative Lucille Roybal-Allard 
introduced H.R. 6, the American Dream and Promise Act of 2021. 
On March 18, 2021, the House passed H.R. 6 by a recorded vote 
of 228-197 (Roll no. 91).
    This bill includes a revenue provision establishing a 
supplementary surcharge for the purpose of providing appointed 
counsel to applicants seeking judicial review of the Secretary 
of Homeland Security's decision to deny an application under 
this Act.

b. Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021, H.R. 1603

    On March 8, 2021, Representative Zoe Lofgren introduced 
H.R. 1603, the Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021. On 
March 18, 2021, the House passed H.R. 1603 by a recorded vote 
of 247-174 (Roll no. 93).
    This bill allows non-U.S. nationals who are working in 
agriculture to receive Certified Agricultural Worker Status 
(CAWS). Eligible aliens receiving CAWS would become eligible 
for certain federal benefits and tax credits.

c. For the People Act of 2021, H.R. 1

    On January 4, 2021, Representative John P. Sarbanes 
introduced H.R. 1, the For the People Act of 2021. On March 3, 
2021, the House passed H.R. 1 by a recorded vote of 220-110 
(Roll no. 62).
    This bill includes amendments to the Internal Revenue Code 
relating to the presidential primary matching payment account 
and the presidential election campaign fund.

d. Protecting Our Kids Act, H.R. 7910

    On May 31, 2022, Representative Jerrold Nadler introduced 
H.R. 7910, the Protecting Our Kids Act. On June 6, 2022, Chair 
Neal and Chair Nadler exchanged letters in which Chair Neal 
asserted jurisdiction under rule X but agreed to discharge the 
bill, as amended. On June 8, 2022, the House passed H.R. 7910, 
with an amendment in the nature of a substitute, by a recorded 
vote of 223-204 (Roll no. 245).
    This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to subject bump 
stocks to Federal firearm regulations. The bill as reported out 
of the Judiciary Committee also amended the Internal Revenue 
Code to provide a tax credit equal to 10 percent of amounts 
received from the first retail sale of a safe firearm storage 
device for use within the United States, but this provision was 
excluded from the amendment in the nature of a substitute 
adopted by the House.

e. Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act, H.R. 3617

    On May 28, 2021, Representative Jerrold Nadler introduced 
H.R. 3617, the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and 
Expungement Act. On March 24, 2022, Chair Neal and Chair Nadler 
exchanged letters in which Chair Neal asserted jurisdiction 
under rule X but agreed to waive formal consideration. On April 
1, 2022, the House passed H.R. 3617, as amended, by a recorded 
vote of 220-204 (Roll no. 107).
    The bill includes a provision that imposes an excise tax on 
cannabis products produced in or imported into the United 
States and an occupational tax on cannabis production 
facilities and export warehouses.

f. Restaurant Revitalization Fund Replenishment Act of 2021, H.R. 3807

    On June 11, 2021, Representative Earl Blumenauer introduced 
H.R. 3807, the Restaurant Revitalization Fund Replacement Act 
of 2021. On April 7, 2022, the House passed H.R. 3807 by a 
recorded vote of 223-203 (Roll no. 123).
    This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to exempt grants 
awarded under this Act from taxable income.

g. Build Back Better Act, H.R. 5376

    On August 11, 2021, the Senate passed S. Con. Res. 14, a 
concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget 
for fiscal year 2022, by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote 
Number: 357). On August 24, 2021, the House passed S. Con. Res. 
14 by a recorded vote of 220-212 (Roll no. 258). On September 
9, 10, 14, and 15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of committee prints of Subtitles A-J of Title XIII of 
H.R. 5376. On September 15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and 
Means voted to transmit the recommendations to the House 
Committee on the Budget. On November 19, 2021, H.R. 5376 passed 
the House by a recorded vote of 220-213 (Roll no. 385).
    This bill includes tax provisions included in P.L. 117-169. 
Additionally, the bill, as initially passed by the House, among 
other changes, includes enhancements to the Child Tax Credit 
and the Earned Income Tax Credit; increases the state and local 
tax deduction cap; modifies and extends tax incentives for 
activity that reduced carbon emissions, expands the base of the 
Net Income Investment Tax; modifies and rationalizes the Global 
Intangible Low-Taxed Income regime and the Base Erosion an 
Anti-Abuse Tax; and includes tax reform provisions to limit tax 
planning opportunities.

h. Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance 
        Act, H.R. 5305

    On September 21, 2021, Representative Rosa L. DeLauro 
introduced H.R. 5305, the Extending Government Funding and 
Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. On September 21, 2021, the 
House passed H.R. 5305 by a recorded vote of 220  211 (Roll no. 
267). On September 30, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 5305, as 
amended, by a recorded vote of 65-935 (Record Vote Number 397). 
On September 30, 2021, the House agreed to the Senate amendment 
by a recorded vote of 254-175 (Roll no. 311). On September 30, 
2021, H.R. 5305 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-43.
    The bill included a debt limit provision when it initially 
passed the House, but the provision was removed in the Senate 
and was not included in the final law.

i. Retirement Improvement and Savings Enhancement Act of 2021, H.R. 
        5891

    On November 5, 2021, Representative Robert C. ``Bobby'' 
Scott introduced H.R. 5891, the Retirement Improvement and 
Savings Enhancement Act of 2021. On February 25, 2022, Chair 
Neal and Chair Scott exchanged letters in which Chair Neal 
asserted jurisdiction under rule X but agreed to waive formal 
consideration.
    The bill includes tax provisions relating to retirement 
savings, employer plans, pension plans, and incentives for 
contributing to retirement plans.

j. Susan Muffley Act of 2022, H.R. 6929

    On March 3, 2022, Representative Daniel T. Kildee 
introduced H.R. 6929, the Susan Muffley Act of 2022. On July 
27, 2022, the House passed H.R. 6929, as amended, by a recorded 
vote of 254-175 (Roll no. 396).
    This bill establishes and provides appropriations to a fund 
for the payment of retirement benefits and specifies how the 
lump-sum payments are treated for tax purposes.

k. Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021, H.R. 4616

    On July 22, 2021, Representative Brad Sherman introduced 
H.R. 4616, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021. On 
December 7, 2021, Chair Neal and Chair Waters exchanged letters 
in which Chair Neal asserted jurisdiction under rule X but 
agreed to waive formal consideration. On December 8, 2021, the 
House passed H.R. 4616, as amended, by a recorded vote of 415-9 
(Roll no. 407).
    The bill, as introduced, provides that a change to a loan, 
financial instrument or other contract that includes payments 
determined by reference to the London Inter-Bank Offer Rate to 
a replacement reference rate under the bill would not be 
treated as a realization event under the Internal Revenue Code. 
The bill did not include this provision when it passed the 
House.

l. Presidential Tax Filings and Audit Transparency Act of 2022

    On December 21, 2022, Chair Richard E. Neal introduced H.R. 
9640, the Presidential Tax Filings and Audit Transparency Act 
of 2022. On December 22, 2022, the House passed H.R. 9640 by a 
recorded vote of 222-201 (Roll no. 539).
    This bill requires the Secretary of the Treasury to publish 
any income tax return of the president. Additionally, it 
requires the Secretary to audit the individual income tax 
returns filed by Presidents and Presidents' spouses and to 
audit the income taxes of corporations or partnerships 
controlled by Presidents and Presidents' spouses. The bill 
requires the Secretary to disclose and make publicly available 
information about the returns and the audit process.

m. Inquiry directing the Secretary of the Treasury to provide certain 
        documents in the Secretary's possession to the House of 
        Representatives relating to the impact of the OECD Pillar One 
        agreement on the United States Treasury, H. Res. 1269

    On July 26, 2022, Representative Kevin Hern introduced H. 
Res. 1269, an inquiry directing the Secretary of the Treasury 
to provide certain documents in the Secretary's possession to 
the House of Representatives relating to the impact of the OECD 
Pillar One agreement on the United States Treasury. On 
September 20, 2021, the Committee on Ways and Means reported 
the resolution of inquiry adversely.

                         3. OTHER ACTIONS TAKEN

    On May 26, 2022, House Ways and Means Committee Chair 
Richard E. Neal, Senate Finance Committee Chair Ron Wyden, as 
well as Senators Michael F. Bennet, Todd Young, Rob Portman, 
Mike Crapo and Representatives Suzan DelBene, Jackie Walorski, 
and Donald S. Beyer, sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Janet 
L. Yellen and IRS Commissioner Charles P. Rettig urging them to 
finalize the proposed regulation by the Department of Treasury 
and the IRS entitled, ``Section 42, Low-Income Housing Credit 
Average Income Test Regulations,'' which was published in the 
Federal Register on October 30, 2022.

                 B. Legislative Review of Trade Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

a. To ensure that goods made with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur 
        Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China do not 
        enter the United States market, and for other purposes (P.L. 
        117-78)

    On December 14, 2021, Representative James McGovern (D-MA) 
introduced H.R. 6256, legislation to ensure that goods made 
with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of 
the People's Republic of China do not enter the United States 
market, and for other purposes. On December 14, 2021, the House 
agreed to suspend the rules and passed H.R. 6256 by voice vote. 
On December 16, 2021, H.R. 6256 passed the Senate by unanimous 
consent. On December 23, 2021, H.R. 6256 was signed by the 
President and became Public Law No. 117-78.
    P.L. 117-78 contains a rebuttable presumption that goods 
produced in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are made 
using forced labor and therefore must be blocked from 
importation into the United States, and it also contains 
sanctions and other provisions related to forced labor 
enforcement.

b. Ending Importation of Russian Oil Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-109)

    On March 8, 2022, Representative Lloyd Doggett (D-TX) 
introduced H.R. 6968, the Ending Importation of Russian Oil 
Act. On March 9, 2022, the House passed the bill by a recorded 
vote of 414-17 (Roll. no 70). On April 7, 2022, the Senate 
passed H.R. 6968, as amended, by a recorded vote of 100-0 
(Record Vote Number: 132). On April 7, 2022, the House agreed 
to the Senate amendment of H.R. 6968 by a recorded vote of 413-
9 (Roll no. 125). On April 8, 2022, H.R. 6968 was signed by the 
President and became Public Law No. 117-109.
    P.L. 117-09 prohibits the importation of energy products 
from Russia classified under Chapter 27 of the Harmonized 
Tariff Schedule of the United States.

c. Suspending Normal Trade Relations with Russia and Belarus Act (P.L. 
        117-110)

    On March 17, 2022, Chair Neal (D-MA) and Ranking Member 
Brady (R-TX) introduced H.R. 7108, the Suspending Normal Trade 
Relations with Russia and Belarus Act. On March 17, 2022, the 
House agreed to suspend the rules and passed H.R. 7108 by a 
recorded vote of 424-8 (Roll no. 78). On April 7, 2022, the 
Senate passed H.R. 7108, as amended, by a recorded vote of 100-
0 (Record Vote Number. 131). On April 7, 2022, the House agreed 
to suspend the rules and passed the Senate amendment to H.R. 
7108 by a recorded vote of 420-3 (Roll no. 124). On April 8, 
2022, H.R. 7108 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-110.
    P.L. 117-110 contains provisions to suspend normal trade 
relations with the Russian Federation and the Republic of 
Belarus, among other provisions.

d. Formula Act (P.L. 117-160)

    On July 13, 2022, Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl Blumenauer 
(D-OR) and Trade Subcommittee Ranking Member Adrian Smith (R-
NE) introduced H.R. 8351, the Formula Act. On July 15, 2022, 
the House agreed to suspend the rules and passed the bill by a 
recorded vote of 421-2 (Roll no. 363). On July 21, 2022, the 
Senate passed H.R. 8351 by unanimous consent. On July 21, 2022, 
H.R. 8351 was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 
117-160.
    P.L. 117-160 provides duty-free treatment to infant formula 
through December 31, 2022.

e. Bulk Infant Formula to Retail Shelves Act (P.L. 117-192)

    On September 26, 2022, Representative Suzan DelBene (D-WA) 
and Trade Subcommittee Ranking Member Adrian Smith introduced 
H.R. 8982, the Bulk Infant Formula to Retail Shelves Act. On 
September 29, 2022, the House agreed to suspend the rules and 
passed H.R. 8982 by unanimous consent. On September 29, 2022, 
the Senate passed H.R. 8982 by a voice vote. On October 10, 
2022, H.R. 8982 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-192.
    P.L. 117-192 contains provisions that temporarily suspend 
duties on imports of infant formula base powder used in 
manufacturing infant formula in the United States. The 
legislation suspends duties, quotas, and fees on certain 
imports of infant formula base powder exported to the United 
States on or before November 14, 2022, beginning on the third 
day after enactment through December 31, 2022.

              2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

a. H.R. 3974, Trade Adjustment Assistance Modernization Act of 2021

    On June 17, 2021, Trade Subcommittee Chair Blumenauer 
introduced H.R. 3974, the Trade Adjustment Assistance 
Modernization Act of 2021. H.R. 3974 was later incorporated 
into H.R. 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022, which passed 
the House on February 4, 2022, by a recorded vote of 222-210.
    H.R. 3974 would reauthorize and make modifications to the 
various Trade Adjustment Assistance programs, including for 
workers, communities, community colleges, firms, and farmers.

b. H.R. 3975, Generalized System of Preferences and Miscellaneous 
        Tariff Bill Modernization Act of 2021

    On June 17, 2021, Trade Subcommittee Chair Blumenauer 
introduced H.R. 3975, the Generalized System of Preferences and 
Miscellaneous Tariff Bill Modernization Act of 2021. H.R. 3975 
was later incorporated into H.R. 4521, the America COMPETES Act 
of 2022, which passed the House on February 4, 2022, by a 
recorded vote of 222-210.
    H.R. 3975 would provide temporary duty suspensions or 
reductions for eligible imported products through December 31, 
2023 and December 31, 2024. H.R. 3975 also extends the American 
Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of 2016 for two future 
Miscellaneous Tariff Bill cycles (one in 2022 and one in 2025).

c. H.R. 6412, Import Security and Fairness Act

    On January 18, 2022, Trade Subcommittee Chair Blumenauer 
introduced H.R. 6412, the Import Security and Fairness Act. 
H.R. 6412 was later incorporated into H.R. 4521, the America 
COMPETES Act of 2022, which passed the House on February 4, 
2022, by a recorded vote of 222-210.
    H.R. 6412 would modify U.S. international trade import laws 
to prevent countries that are both non-market economies and 
listed on the Special 301 priority watch list from using the de 
minimis threshold that allows imports valued under $800 to come 
into the United States without paying duties, taxes, or fees.

d. H.R. 6329, National Critical Capabilities Defense Act

    On December 20, 2021, Reps. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), Bill 
Pascrell (D-NJ), Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA), and Victoria Spartz 
(R-IN) introduced H.R. 6329, the National Critical Capabilities 
Defense Act. H.R. 6329 was later incorporated into H.R. 4521, 
the America COMPETES Act of 2022, which passed the House on 
February 4, 2022 by a recorded vote of 222-210.

e. H.R. 6121, Eliminating Global Market Distortions to Protect American 
        Jobs Act of 2021

    On December 2, 2021, Reps. Terri Sewell (D-AL) and Bill 
Johnson (R-OH) introduced H.R. 6121, the Eliminating Global 
Market Distortions to Protect American Jobs Act of 2021. H.R. 
6121 was later incorporated into H.R. 4521, the America 
COMPETES Act of 2022, which passed the House on February 4, 
2022 by a recorded vote of 222-210.
    H.R. 6121 would modify U.S. trade remedy laws.

f. H. Res. 382, Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives 
        that the United States should affirm its commitment as a member 
        of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and work with other WTO 
        members to achieve reforms at the WTO that improve the speed 
        and predictability of dispute settlement, address longstanding 
        concerns with the WTO's Appellate Body, increase transparency 
        at the WTO, ensure that WTO members invoke special and 
        differential treatment reserved for developing countries only 
        in fair and appropriate circumstances, and update the WTO rules 
        to address the needs of the United States and other free and 
        open economies in the 21st century.

    On May 11, 2021, Reps. Ron Kind (D-WI), David Schweikert 
(R-AZ), Don Beyer (D-VA), and Drew Ferguson (R-GA) introduced 
H. Res. 382. H. Res. 382 was later incorporated into H.R. 4521, 
the ``America COMPETES Act of 2022, which passed the House on 
February 4, 2022, by a recorded vote of 222-210.

g. H.R. 4521, America COMPETES Act of 2022

    On July 19, 2021, Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-
TX) introduced H.R. 4521, the United States Innovation and 
Competition Act of 2021. On February 4, 2022, the House passed 
H.R. 4521, as amended, by a recorded vote of 222-210. On March 
28, 2022, the Senate passed H.R. 4521, as amended, by a 
recorded vote of 68-28.

h. H. Res. 1168, Reaffirming the economic partnership between the 
        United States and the Caribbean nations and recognizing the 
        need to strengthen trade and investment between the United 
        States and the Caribbean nations, our Third Border

    On June 9, 2022, Delegate Stacey Plaskett (D-VI) and Rep. 
Wenstrup (R-OH) introduced H. Res. 1168. On July 12, 2022, the 
House passed H. Res. 1168, as amended, by a recorded vote of 
351-64 (Roll no. 300).
    H. Res. 1168 encourages further enhancing trade programs 
between the Caribbean and the United States. It also urges the 
President to prioritize and implement trade programs with the 
Caribbean region that promote sustainable and resilient 
economic development.

i. H. Res. 1285, Requesting the President to transmit certain 
        information to the House of Representatives relating to a 
        waiver of intellectual property commitments under the World 
        Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of 
        Intellectual Property Rights

    On July 26, 2022, Trade Subcommittee Ranking Member Adrian 
Smith introduced H. Res. 1285, a resolution of inquiry 
requesting the President to transmit certain information to the 
House of Representatives. On September 28, 2022, the Committee 
on Ways and Means reported the resolution adversely.

                 C. Legislative Review of Health Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

l. American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2)

    On February 24, 2021, Representative John Yarmuth 
introduced H.R. 1319, the American Rescue Plan Act. On February 
27, 2021, H.R. 1319 passed the House by a recorded vote of 219-
212 (Roll no. 49). On March 6, 2021, H.R. 1319 passed the 
Senate with an amendment by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record 
Vote Number: 110). On March 10, 2021, the House agreed on a 
motion to concur with the Senate amendment by a recorded vote 
of 220-211 (Roll no. 72). On March 11, 2021, H.R. 1319 was 
signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-2.
    P.L. 117-2 includes health provisions extending funding for 
elder justice programs, including adult protective services 
that report and investigate abuse of older adults and adults 
with disabilities. The law provides additional funding for 
quality improvement organizations under Medicare to support 
COVID-19 infection control and vaccination uptake in skilled 
nursing facilities and provides additional funding to deploy 
teams to support skilled nursing facilities with cases of 
COVID-19 among residents or staff during, and for one year 
after, the COVID-19 public health emergency. P.L. 117-2 
provides for increases in the rate of the refundable tax credit 
for coverage under qualified health plan (premium tax credit) 
in 2021 and 2022 for certain low-income taxpayers and extends 
eligibility for the premium tax credit to individuals receiving 
unemployment compensation in 2021.

m. To Prevent Across-the-Board Direct Spending Cuts, and for Other 
        Purposes (P.L. 117-7)

    On March 12, 2021, Representative John Yarmuth introduced 
H.R. 1868, To Prevent Across-the-Board Direct Spending Cuts, 
and for Other Purposes. On March 19, 2021, the House passed 
H.R. 1868 by a recorded vote of 246-175 (Roll no. 96). On March 
25, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 1868 by a recorded vote of 90-
2 (Record Vote Number: 142). On April 13, 2021, the House 
suspended the rules and agreed to the Senate amendment by a 
recorded vote of 384-38 (Roll no. 98). On April 14, 2021, H.R. 
1868 was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-
7.
    P.L. 117-7 continues to exempt Medicare from sequestration 
until December 31, 2021 and applies certain modified payment 
limits to rural health clinics that temporarily enrolled in 
Medicare during the public health emergency relating to COVID-
19.

n. Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act 
        (P.L. 117-43)

    On September 21, 2021, Representative Rosa DeLauro 
introduced H.R. 5305, the Extending Government Funding and 
Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. On September 21, 2021, the 
House passed H.R. 5305 by a recorded vote of 220-211 (Roll no. 
267). On September 30, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 5305 by a 
recorded vote of 65-35 (Record Vote Number: 397). On September 
30, 2021, the House agreed to the Senate amendment by a 
recorded vote of 254-175 (Roll no. 311). On September 30, 2021, 
H.R. 5305 was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 
117-43.
    P.L. 117-43 amends the Medicare Improvement Fund Section 
1898(b)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395iii(b)(1)) 
by striking ``$165,000,000'' and inserting ``$69,000,000''.

o. Protecting Medicare and American Farmers from Sequester Cuts Act 
        (P.L. 117-71)

    On March 4, 2021, Senator Tim Kaine introduced S. 610, the 
Protecting Medicare and American Farmers from Sequester Cuts 
Act. On August 6, 2021, the Senate passed S. 610 with an 
amendment by voice vote. On December 7, 2021, the House passed 
S. 610, as amended, with an amendment by a recorded vote of 
222-212 (Roll no. 404). On December 10, 2021, S. 610 was signed 
by the President and became Public Law No. 117-71.
    P.L. 117-71 continues to exempt Medicare from sequestration 
until March 31, 2022, and also includes a payment increase 
under the physician fee schedule.

p. Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-108)

    On May 11, 2021, Representative Carolyn Maloney introduced 
H.R. 3076, the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022. On February 
8, 2022, the House passed H.R. 3076 by a recorded vote of 342-
92 (Roll no. 38). On March 8, 2022, the Senate passed H.R. 3076 
by a recorded vote of 79-19 (Record Vote Number: 71). On April 
6, 2022, H.R. 3076 was signed by the President and became 
Public Law No. 117-108.
    P.L. 117-108 requires U.S. Postal Service employees who 
reach Medicare eligibility at the age of 65 to remain in the 
Federal Employee Health Benefit Program while enrolling in 
Medicare Part A and Part B effective on January 1, 2025.

q. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-169)

    On August 11, 2021, the Senate passed S. Con. Res. 14, a 
concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget 
for fiscal year 2022, by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote 
Number: 357). On August 24, 2021, the House passed S. Con. Res. 
14 by a recorded vote of 220-212 (Roll no. 258). On November 
19, 2021, H.R. 5376 passed the House by a recorded vote of 220-
213 (Roll no. 385). On August 7, 2022, H.R. 5376, the Inflation 
Reduction Act, as amended by an amendment in the nature of a 
substitute, passed the Senate by a recorded vote of 51-50 
(Record Vote Number: 325). On August 12, 2022, the House agreed 
to the Senate amendment by a recorded vote of 220-207 (Roll no. 
420). On August 16, 2022, H.R. 5376 was signed by the President 
and became Public Law No. 117-169.
    P.L. 117-169 includes health provisions to require the 
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to negotiate the 
prices of certain prescription drugs under Medicare beginning 
in 2026. The law requires drug manufacturers to issue rebates 
to the CMS for brand-name drugs without generic equivalents 
under Medicare medical services that cost $100 or more per year 
per individual and for which prices increase faster than 
inflation. Manufacturers that fail to comply are subject to 
civil penalties. The law eliminates beneficiary cost-sharing 
above the annual out-of-pocket spending threshold under the 
Medicare prescription drug benefit beginning in 2024 and caps 
annual out-of-pocket spending at $2,000 in 2025. The law 
eliminates cost-sharing under the Medicare prescription drug 
benefit for adult vaccines that are recommended by the Advisory 
Committee on Immunization Practices. P.L. 117-169 extends 
through 2025 certain adjustments and expansions of the premium 
tax credit, including allowing taxpayers with incomes above 
400% of the federal poverty line to qualify for the credit 
related to Affordable Care Act premium subsidies.

r. Making Continuing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2023, and for Other 
        Purposes (P.L. 117-180)

    On February 25, 2022, Representative Angie Craig introduced 
H.R. 6833, Making Continuing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 
2023, and for Other Purposes. On March 31, 2022, the House 
passed H.R. 6833 by a recorded vote of 232-193 (Roll no. 102). 
On September 29, 2022, the Senate passed H.R. 6833 by a 
recorded vote 72-25 (Record Vote Number: 351). On September 30, 
2022, the House agreed to the Senate Amendment by a recorded 
vote of 230-201 (Roll no. 476). On September 30, 2022, H.R. 
6833 was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-
180.
    P.L. 117-180 contains health provisions to extend certain 
increased payment adjustments for low-volume hospitals under 
Medicare's inpatient prospective payment system, to extend the 
Medicare-Dependent Hospital Program (which provides additional 
payments to certain small rural hospitals that have a high 
proportion of Medicare patients), and to decrease funding for 
the Medicare Improvement Fund.

s. Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 (P.L. 117-__)

    On April 16, 2021, Representative Gerald E. Connolly 
introduced H.R. 2617, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2023. On September 28, 2021, H.R. 2617 was passed in the House, 
as amended, by a recorded vote of 414-10 (Roll no. 304). On 
November 15, 2022, H.R. 2617 was passed in the Senate, as 
amended, by unanimous consent. On December 22, 2022, the Senate 
concurred in the House amendment to Senate amendment 
SAto H.R. 2617 with an amendment, under the order of 
December 22, 2022, by a record vote of 68-29 (Record Vote 
Number: 421). On December 23, 2022, the House agreed to the 
Senate amendment to the House amendment to the Senate Amendment 
by a vote of 225-201, 1 present (Roll no. 549). On December 29, 
2022, H.R. 2617 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-__.
    P.L. 117-__ contains health provisions that extend funding 
for low-volume and Medicare-Dependent Hospitals, as included in 
P.L. 117-180 (Sections 4101-4102), in addition to an extension 
of ambulance add-on payments under Medicare (Section 4103). The 
law also extends several other expiring Medicare provisions 
(Sections 4111-4114) that support physician payments through 
the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, enable services to be 
furnished through telehealth, and delays pending payment 
reductions and data reporting changes to the Clinical 
Laboratory Fee Schedule by one year. In addition, it includes a 
series of reforms to Medicare mental health services (Sections 
4121-4130) a majority of which were marked up in Committee, 
including revisions to the inpatient psychiatric payment 
system, incorporation of a new benefit under Medicare Part B 
for intensive outpatient services, and the addition of Marriage 
and Family Therapists and and Mental Health Counselors as 
providers in Medicare. Finally, P.L. 117-__ includes a series 
of reforms and extensions to existing Medicare programs 
(Sections 4131-4143), including extending the acute Hospital at 
Home waiver flexibilities, providing for coverage of certain 
lymphedema compression treatment items, and waiving a cap on 
annual payments for nursing and allied health education 
payments. The law also includes a health tax provision (Section 
4151) that extends the flexibility to exempt telehealth 
services from the deductible in high-deductible health plans 
with health savings accounts. All of these provisions are paid 
for (Sections 4161-4163) by decreasing funding under the 
Medicare Improvement Fund, extending an adjustment to the 
Medicare hospice aggregate payment cap, and extending and 
revision the mandatory Medicare payment reductions under 
sequestration.

              2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

n. Mental Health Access Improvement Act of 2021, H.R. 432

    On January 21, 2021, Representative Mike Thompson 
introduced H.R. 432, the Mental Health Access Improvement Act 
of 2021. On September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means 
held a markup of Committee Print 117-2, containing 
substantially similar language to H.R. 432, and ordered it 
favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill provides for coverage of marriage and family 
therapist services and mental health counselor services under 
Medicare. It also excludes such services from the skilled 
nursing facility prospective payment system and authorizes 
marriage and family therapists and mental health counselors to 
develop discharge plans for post-hospital services.

o. Improving Seniors' Timely Access to Care Act of 2022, H.R. 3173

    On May 13, 2021, Representative Suzan DelBene introduced 
H.R. 3173, the Improving Seniors' Timely Access to Care Act of 
2021. On July 27, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of H.R. 8487, the Improving Seniors' Timely Access to 
Care Act of 2022, a bill substantially similar to H.R. 3173, 
and ordered it favorably reported by voice vote. On September 
14, 2022, the House passed H.R. 3173, as amended, under 
suspension of the rules by a voice vote.
    This bill establishes several requirements and standards 
relating to prior authorization processes under Medicare 
Advantage plans such as: (1) establishing an electronic prior 
authorization program that meets specified standards, including 
the ability to provide real-time decisions in response to 
requests for items and services that are routinely approved; 
(2) annually publishing specified prior authorization 
information, including the percentage of requests approved and 
the average response time; and (3) meeting other standards, as 
set by the CMS, related to the quality and timeliness of prior 
authorization determinations.

p. Lymphedema Treatment Act, H.R. 3630

    On May 28, 2021, Representative Janice Schakowsky 
introduced H.R. 3630, the Lymphedema Treatment Act. On July 14, 
2022, Chair Neal exchanged letters with Chair Pallone in which 
Chair Neal asserted jurisdiction under rule X but agreed to 
waive formal consideration.
    This bill provides for Medicare coverage of lymphedema 
compression treatment items. Specifically, the bill provides 
for coverage of (1) standard and custom fitted gradient 
compression garments that are prescribed by a physician or 
other specified health care professional to treat lymphedema 
and (2) other devices determined to be effective in the 
prevention or treatment of lymphedema.

q. Advancing Telehealth Beyond COVID-19 Act of 2021, H.R. 4040

    On June 22, 2021, Representative Liz Cheney introduced H.R. 
4040, the Advancing Telehealth Beyond COVID-19 Act of 2021. On 
July 27, 2022, the House passed H.R. 4040 by a recorded vote of 
416-12 (Roll no. 399).
    This bill modifies the extension of certain Medicare 
telehealth flexibilities after the end of the COVID-19 public 
health emergency through December 31, 2024.

r. Elder Justice Reauthorization and Modernization Act of 2021, H.R. 
        4969

    On August 6, 2021, Chair Neal introduced H.R. 4969, the 
Elder Justice Reauthorization and Modernization Act of 2021.
    This bill reauthorizes, provides funding through Fiscal 
Year 2025 for, and otherwise makes changes to programs for 
preventing, detecting, and treating abuse, neglect, and 
exploitation of older adults. Specifically, the bill provides 
funding for states and localities to enhance adult protective 
services and long-term care ombudsman programs.

s. Nursing Home Improvement and Accountability Act of 2021, H.R. 5169

    On September 6, 2021, Chair Neal introduced H.R. 5169, the 
Nursing Home Improvement and Accountability Act of 2021.
    This bill establishes reporting, staffing, and other 
quality control requirements for Medicare skilled nursing 
facilities and Medicaid nursing facilities. It also establishes 
civil penalties for facilities that submit inaccurate reports 
relating to staffing data and prohibits facilities from 
entering into pre-dispute arbitration agreements.

t. The Build Back Better Act, H.R. 5376

    On August 11, 2021, the Senate passed S. Con. Res. 14, a 
concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget 
for fiscal year 2022, by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote 
Number: 357). On August 24, 2021, the House passed S. Con. Res. 
14 by a recorded vote of 220-212 (Roll no. 258). On September 
9-10 and 14-15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of committee prints of Subtitles A-J of Title XIII of 
H.R. 5376. On September 15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and 
Means voted to transmit the recommendations to the House 
Committee on the Budget. On November 19, 2021, H.R. 5376 passed 
the House by a recorded vote of 220-213 (Roll no. 385).
    The Build Back Better Act, as marked up by the Committee, 
includes Medicare drug pricing negotiations, caps out-of-pocket 
Medicare Part D spending at $2,000 per year, establishes a $0 
copayment for vaccines in Medicare Part D, requires 
manufacturers to pay a rebate to Medicare if their prices 
increase faster than inflation, creates a dental, vision, and 
hearing benefit for Medicare beneficiaries, reauthorizes 
funding for elder justice services, invests in nursing home 
improvements, permanently extends Affordable Care Act premium 
tax credits, provides new health coverage options through 
premium tax credits for individuals in the Medicaid ``coverage 
gap'', creates a $2,000 caregiver tax credit, and creates a 
pathways to practice program to increase physicians in rural 
and underserved communities.
    The Build Back Better Act, as passed by the House, includes 
Medicare drug pricing negotiations, caps out-of-pocket Medicare 
Part D spending at $2,000 per year, establishes a $0 copayment 
for vaccines in Medicare Part D, requires manufactures to pay a 
rebate to Medicare if their prices increase faster than 
inflation, includes a hearing benefit for Medicare 
beneficiaries, and extends Affordable Care Act premium tax 
credits until 2025.

u. The Affordable Insulin Now Act, H.R. 6833

    On February 25, 2022, Representative Angie Craig and 
Representative Dan Kildee introduced H.R. 6833, the Affordable 
Insulin Now Act. On March 31, 2022, the House passed H.R. 6833 
by recorded vote of 232-193 (Roll no. 102). On September 29, 
2022, the Senate passed H.R. 6833, as amended, by a recorded 
vote of 72-25 (Record Vote Number: 351). On September 30, 2022, 
the House agreed to the Senate amendment to H.R. 6833 by a 
recorded vote of 230-201 (Roll no. 476). On September 30, 2022, 
H.R. 6833 was signed by the President and became Public Law no. 
117-180. (Notably, H.R. 6833 as signed into law removed the 
insulin provisions.)
    This bill limits cost-sharing for insulin under private 
health insurance and the Medicare prescription drug benefit. 
Specifically, the bill caps cost-sharing under private health 
insurance for a month's supply of selected insulin products at 
$35 or 25 percent of a plan's negotiated price, whichever is 
less, beginning in 2023.

v. Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well-Being Act of 2022, H.R. 
        7666

    On May 6, 2022, Representative Frank Pallone introduced 
H.R. 7666, the Restoring Hope for Mental Health Act of 2022. On 
June 22, 2022, H.R. 7666 passed the House by a recorded vote of 
402-20 (Roll no. 286).
    This bill reauthorizes funding through fiscal year 2027 and 
modifies programs, grants, and activities that focus on mental 
and behavioral health. Additionally, the bill expands access to 
opioid and other substance use disorder prevention, treatment, 
and recovery support services. For example, the bill (1) 
eliminates a provision that generally requires individuals to 
be addicted to opioids for at least one year before being 
admitted to an opioid treatment program and (2) promotes access 
to high-quality recovery housing.

w. To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to ensure adequate 
        coverage of outpatient mental health services under the 
        Medicare program, H.R. 8878

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Judy Chu introduced 
H.R. 8878 to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to 
ensure adequate coverage of outpatient mental health services 
under the Medicare program. On September 21, 2022, the 
Committee on Ways and Means held a markup of Committee Print 
117-1, containing substantially similar language to H.R. 8878, 
and ordered it favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill creates a new Medicare benefit category for 
intensive outpatient services, filling a gap in mental health 
coverage for Medicare beneficiaries with acute mental health 
service needs who do not meet the current criteria for 
inpatient psychiatric facility coverage.

x. Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Improvement Act, H.R. 8879

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Dwight Evans 
introduced H.R. 8879, the Inpatient Psychiatric Facility 
Improvement Act. On September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways 
and Means held a markup of Committee Print 117-1, containing 
substantially similar language to H.R. 8879, and ordered it 
favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill includes a series of provisions that will improve 
access to inpatient psychiatric care by improving the payment 
system and providing additional oversight and transparency of 
Medicare inpatient psychiatric facilities.

y. Mental Health Transparency Act, H.R. 8881

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Steven Horsford 
introduced H.R. 8881, the Mental Health Transparency Act. The 
bill amends the Public Health Service Act, the Employee 
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 to require group health plans and health 
insurance issuers offering group or individual health insurance 
coverage to disclose the percentage of in-network participation 
for certain provider types, and for other purposes. On 
September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of Committee Print 117-5, containing substantially 
similar language to H.R. 8881, and ordered it favorably 
reported by voice vote.
    This bill improves the transparency of mental health and 
substance use disorder treatment provider networks covered 
under private insurance plans.

z. To direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to provide 
        outreach and reporting on opioid use disorder treatment 
        services furnished by opioid treatment programs under the 
        Medicare program, H.R. 8884

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Mike Kelly introduced 
H.R. 8884, a bill to direct the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services to provide outreach and reporting on opioid use 
disorder (OUD) treatment services furnished by opioid treatment 
programs under the Medicare program. On September 21, 2022, the 
Committee on Ways and Means held a markup of Committee Print 
117-2, containing substantially similar language to H.R. 8884, 
and ordered it favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill directs the Secretary of the Department of Health 
and Human Services to conduct educational outreach to Medicare-
participating health care providers to increase awareness and 
access to OUD treatment services for Medicare beneficiaries.

aa. Better Health Care Directories Act, H.R. 8885

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Daniel Kildee 
introduced H.R. 8885, the Better Health Care Directories Act. 
On September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of Committee Print 117-4, containing substantially 
similar language to H.R. 8885, and ordered it favorably 
reported by voice vote.
    This bill improves the usability and accuracy of provider 
directories so that consumers can better identify providers 
that are accepting new patients.

bb. Promoting Clarity in Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder 
        Treatment Act, H.R. 8886

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Gwen Moore introduced 
H.R. 8886, the Promoting Clarity in Mental Health and Substance 
Use Disorder Treatment Act. On September 21, 2022, the 
Committee on Ways and Means held a markup of Committee Print 
117-4, containing substantially similar language to H.R. 8886, 
and ordered it favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill amends the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici 
Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 to ensure 
that mental health and substance use disorder benefits under 
private insurance plans are defined in an objective and uniform 
manner pursuant to external benchmarks that are based in 
nationally recognized standards.

cc. Readable Insurance Coverage Explanations Act or the ``RICE'' Act, 
        H.R. 8889

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Stacey Plaskett 
introduced H.R. 8889, the Readable Insurance Coverage 
Explanations Act, or the ``RICE'' Act. On September 21, 2022, 
the Committee on Ways and Means held a markup of Committee 
Print 117-5, containing substantially similar language to H.R. 
8889, and ordered it favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill promotes greater transparency and accountability 
by enabling consumers with private insurance to better 
understand covered benefits and financial responsibilities 
(deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, out-of-pocket expenses).

dd. Physician Wellness Program Act of 2022, H.R. 8890

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Raul Ruiz introduced 
H.R. 8890, the Physician Wellness Program Act of 2022. On 
September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of Committee Print 117-2, containing substantially 
similar language to H.R. 8890, and ordered it favorably 
reported by voice vote.
    This bill amends the Physician Self-Referral Law (the Stark 
Law) and the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) so that 
certain health care organizations can provide wellness programs 
and services to medical staff, even if that staff is not 
directly employed by the facility.

ee. No Surprises for Survivors Act of 2022, H.R. 8891

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Linda Sanchez 
introduced H.R. 8891, the No Surprises for Survivors Act of 
2022. On September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means 
held a markup of Committee Print 117-3, containing 
substantially similar language to H.R. 8891, and ordered it 
favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill protects victims of sexual violence with private 
insurance from any cost-sharing and surprise medical bills 
related to the administration of forensic medical exams (often 
referred to as rape kits).

ff. Access to Mental Health Services Act, H.R. 8892

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Terri Sewell 
introduced H.R. 8892, the Access to Mental Health Services Act. 
On September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of Committee Print 117-4, containing substantially 
similar language to H.R. 8892, and ordered it favorably 
reported by voice vote.
    This bill promotes outreach efforts and analysis regarding 
access to mental health and substance use disorder crisis 
services under private insurance plans.

gg. Fighting Stimulant and other Substance Use Disorders Act, H.R. 8908

    On September 20, 2022, Representative Ron Estes introduced 
H.R. 8908, the Fighting Stimulant and other Substance Use 
Disorders Act. On September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and 
Means held a markup of Committee Print 117-2, containing 
substantially similar language to H.R. 8908, and ordered it 
favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill directs the Inspector General of the Department 
of Health and Human Services to conduct a review on whether to 
establish a safe harbor under the anti-kickback statute for 
evidence-based contingency management incentives and the 
parameters for such a safe harbor.

hh. Behavioral Health Integration Awareness Act of 2022, H.R. 8910

    On September 20, 2022, Representative Jason Smith 
introduced H.R. 8910, the Behavioral Health Integration 
Awareness Act of 2022. On September 21, 2022, the Committee on 
Ways and Means held a markup of Committee Print 117-2, 
containing substantially similar language to H.R. 8910, and 
ordered it favorably reported by voice vote.
    This bill directs the Secretary of the Department of Health 
and Human Services to conduct educational outreach to Medicare-
participating health care providers to increase awareness and 
access to behavioral health integration services by Medicare 
beneficiaries.

ii. Inquiry directing the Secretary of Health and Human Services to 
        provide to the House of Representatives certain documents in 
        the Secretary's possession regarding the reinterpretation of 
        sections 36B(c)(2)(C)(i)(II) and 5000A(e)(1)(B) of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986, commonly known as the ``fix to the family 
        glitch,'' H. Res. 1262.

    On July 26, 2022, Representative Vern Buchanan introduced a 
resolution of inquiry related to the ``fix of the family 
glitch.'' On September 20, 2022, the Committee reported the 
resolution of inquiry adversely.

                         3. OTHER ACTIONS TAKEN

    In January 2021, the Committee Majority staff released a 
report, Something Must Change: Inequities in U.S. Policy and 
Society, examining the relationship between health, economic 
equity, and social well-being. This report was accompanied by 
policy pillars and priorities to guide the Committee throughout 
the 117th Congress entitled, A Bold Vision for a Legislative 
Pathway Toward Health and Economic Equity. In March 2021, 
Chairman Neal announced the establishment of the Committee's 
Racial Equity Initiative co-chaired by Representatives Terri 
Sewell, Steven Horsford, and Jimmy Gomez to guide the Committee 
and address the role of racism and other forms of 
discrimination in perpetuating health and economic inequalities 
in the United States. The Racial Equity Initiative then held a 
series of roundtables on a variety of topics to help guide and 
inform Committee Members, including: discrimination in the tax 
code with Professor Dorothy Brown; health justice with Dean 
Dayna Bowen-Mathew; environmental justice with Professor Sacoby 
Wilson, Attorney Stefanie Tsosie, Attorney Arielle King, and 
Mark Magana, President and CEO of GreenLatinos; data 
disaggregation with Professors Nancy Lopez, Randall Akee, Ninez 
Ponce, economist Rhonda Sharpe, and the Vice President of 
Research at PolicyLink Sarah Treahaft; equity messaging with 
Professor Ian Haney Lopez; economic opportunities with Wally 
Adeyamo, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury; and race and 
ethnicity data collection and disaggregation with Lee Slater, 
Special Assistant to the President, Chiraag Bains, Deputy 
Assistant to the President for Racial Justice and Equity, 
Denise Ross, Chief Data Scientist at the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, and Clarence Wardell, Senior Advisor at the 
Office of Management and Budget. In July 2021, the Racial 
Equity Initiative co-chairs released a memorandum to Chairman 
Neal outlining priorities, issues, and recommendations for 
Committee consideration related to health, economic, and social 
equity.
    On October 14, 2021, the Committee Majority staff released 
a report, Fact versus Fiction: Clinical Decision Support Tools 
and the (Mis)Use of Race. This report was created after an 
analysis of responses to a 2020 request for information sent to 
health care stakeholders on their incorporation of race in 
clinical decision support tools, including clinical algorithms.
    On September 15, 2022, the Committee Majority staff 
released a report on the U.S. health system and the climate 
crisis entitled, Health Care and the Climate Crisis: Preparing 
America's Health Care Infrastructure. The report summarizes 
responses from Chair Neal's March 2022 request for information 
to hospitals, health systems, health care providers, and health 
trade associations inquiring about the effect extreme weather 
events have had on the delivery of care and any efforts these 
respondents have made to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. 
This effort was undertaken to better inform the Committee on 
areas to assist the health care industry in an effort to 
safeguard the delivery of care. A second request for 
information was sent in July 2022 to health care-related group 
purchasing organizations to address supply chain emissions.

       D. Legislative Review of Worker and Family Support Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

(a) American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2)

    On February 24, 2021, Representative John Yarmuth 
introduced H.R. 1319, the American Rescue Plan Act. On February 
27, 2021, H.R. 1319 passed the House by a recorded vote of 219-
212 (Roll no. 49). On March 6, 2021, H.R. 1319 passed the 
Senate by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote Number: 110). 
On March 10, 2021, the House agreed on a motion to concur with 
the Senate amendment by a recorded vote of 220-211 (Roll no. 
72). On March 11, 2021, H.R. 1319 was signed by the President 
and became Public Law No. 117-2.
    P.L. 117-2 includes Worker and Family Support pandemic 
emergency provisions providing for continued pandemic emergency 
unemployment insurance programs, a Temporary Assistance for 
Needy Families program (TANF) emergency fund for states to 
provide emergency nonrecurrent short term benefits to families, 
and funding to address pandemic challenges in the Maternal, 
Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program (MIECHV). It 
also includes funding for adult protective services and key 
elements of the Elder Justice Act. It also made critical 
investments in federal child care funding by permanently 
authorizing the Child Care Entitlement to States (CCES), while 
also increasing the CCES funding level and expanding it to 
include all five U.S. territories.

(b) Emergency Repatriation Assistance for Returning Americans Act (P.L. 
        117-39)

    On August 24, 2021, Representative Richard E. Neal and 
Representative Danny K. Davis introduced H.R. 5085, the 
Emergency Repatriation Assistance for Returning Americans Act. 
On August 24, 2021, the House passed H.R. 5085 by unanimous 
consent. On August 31, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 5085 by 
unanimous consent. On August 31, 2021, H.R. 5085 was signed by 
the President and became Public Law No: 117-39.
    P.L. 117-39 increases the cap on Department and Health and 
Human Services funding for fiscal years 2021 and 2022 to 
provide temporary assistance to U.S. citizens and their 
dependents returning from a foreign country due to a crisis.

(c) Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance 
        Act (P.L. 117-43)

    On September 21, 2021, Representative Rosa DeLauro 
introduced H.R. 5305, the Extending Government Funding and 
Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. On September 21, 2021, the 
House passed H.R. 5305 by a recorded vote of 254-175 (Roll no. 
311). On September 30, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 5305, as 
amended, by a recorded vote of 65-35 (Record Vote Number: 397). 
On September 30, 2021, the House agreed to the Senate amendment 
by a recorded vote of 254 175 (Roll no. 311). On September 30, 
2021, H.R. 5305 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-43.
    P.L. 117-43 includes a Worker and Family Support provision 
to continue the TANF program through December 3, 2021.

(d) Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-70)

    On December 2, 2021, Representative Rosa DeLauro introduced 
H.R. 6119, the Further Extending Government Funding Act. On 
December 2, 2021, the House passed H.R. 6119 by a recorded vote 
of 221-212 (Roll no. 399). On December 2, 2021, the Senate 
passed H.R. 6119 by a recorded vote of 69-28 (Record Vote 
Number: 477). On December 3, 2021, H.R. 6119 was signed by the 
President and became Public Law No. 117-70.
    P.L. 117-70 continues the provisions of P.L. 117-43, 
extending the TANF program through February 18, 2022.

(e) Further Additional Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-86)

    On February 7, 2022, Representative Rosa DeLauro introduced 
H.R. 6617, the Further Additional Extending Government Funding 
Act. On February 8, 2022, the House passed H.R. 6617 by a 
recorded vote of 272-162 (Roll no. 39). On February 17, 2022, 
the Senate passed H.R. 6617 by a recorded vote of 65-27 (Record 
Vote Number: 64). On February 18, 2022, H.R. 6617 was signed by 
the President and became Public Law No. 117-86.
    P.L. 117-86 continues the provisions of P.L. 117-70, 
extending the TANF program through March 11, 2022.

(f) Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-95)

    On March 8, 2022, Representative Rosa DeLauro introduced 
H.J. Res. 75, the Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 
2022. On March 9, 2022, the House passed H.J. Res. 75 by a 
voice vote, and on March 10, 2022, the Senate passed H.J. Res. 
75 by a voice vote. On March 11, 2022, H.J. Res. 75 was signed 
by the President and became Public Law No. 117-95.
    P.L. 117-95 continues the provisions of P.L. 117-86, 
extending the TANF program through March 15, 2022.

(g) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103)

    On April 13, 2021, Representative Hakeem Jeffries 
introduced H.R. 2471, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2022. On June 29, 2021, the House agreed to suspend the rules 
and pass H.R. 2471, as amended. On January 13, 2022, the Senate 
passed H.R. 2471, as amended, by a voice vote. The House and 
Senate exchanged amended versions. On March 9, 2022, the House 
agreed to various Senate amendments by a recorded vote of 361-
69 (Roll No. 65). On March 10, 2022, the Senate agreed to the 
House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 2471 by a 
recorded vote of 68 31 (Record Vote Number: 78). On March 15, 
2022, H.R. 2471 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-103.
    P.L. 117-103 includes a Worker and Family Support provision 
to continue the TANF program through the end of fiscal year 
2022.

(h) Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations 
        Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-180)

    On February 25, 2022, Representative Angie Craig introduced 
H.R. 6833, Making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 
2023, and for other purposes. On March 31, 2022, the House 
passed H.R. 6833 by a recorded vote of 232-193 (Roll no. 102). 
On September 29, 2022, the Senate passed H.R. 6833, as amended, 
by a recorded vote of 72-25 (Record Vote Number: 351). On 
September 30, 2022, the House agreed to the Senate amendment by 
a recorded vote of 230-201 (Roll no. 476). On September 30, 
2022, H.R. 6833 was signed by the President and became Public 
Law No. 117-180.
    P.L. 117-103 includes several Worker and Family Support 
provisions providing continuing funding and authorization for 
the TANF program, child welfare services programs (Title IV-B), 
and the MIECHV program through December 16, 2022.

(i) Further Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2023 (P.L. 
        117-229)

    On February 26, 2021, Representative Mikie Sherrill 
introduced H.R. 1437, Further Continuing Appropriations and 
Extensions Act, 2023. On May 11, 2022, the House agreed to 
suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1437 by a recorded vote of 333-
81 (Roll no. 154). On November 17, 2022, the Senate passed H.R. 
1437 with an amendment by Unanimous Consent. On December 14, 
2022, the House passed H.R. 1437 with an amendment to the 
Senate amendment by a recorded vote of 224-201 (Roll no. 523). 
On December 15, 2022, the Senate agreed to the House amendment 
to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1437 by a recorded vote of 71-
19 (Record Vote Number: 399). On December 16, 2022, H.R. 1437 
was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-229.
    P.L. 117-229 includes several Worker and Family Support 
provisions providing continuing funding and authorization for 
the TANF program, child welfare services programs (Title IV-B), 
and the MIECHV program through December 23, 2022.

(j) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-XX)

    P.L. 117-XX includes Worker and Family Support provisions 
including continuing the TANF program and child welfare 
programs funded under Title IV-B through the end of fiscal year 
2023, as well as the Jackie Walorski Maternal and Child Home 
Visiting Reauthorization Act of 2022, which reauthorizes MIECHV 
through fiscal year 2027, gradually increases funding, and 
makes policy and programmatic improvements.

              2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

(a) Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization Act of 2021, H.R. 1620

    On March 8, 2021, Representative Sheila Jackson Lee 
introduced H.R. 1620, the Violence Against Women 
Reauthorization Act of 2021. On March 17, 2021, the bill passed 
the House by a recorded vote of 244-172 (Roll no. 86).
    H.R. 1620 includes Worker and Family Support provisions 
requiring states to treat domestic violence, stalking, and 
sexual assault as ``good cause'' for separation from employment 
in certain unemployment benefit applications and improves 
caseworker training on violence against women in the 
Unemployment Compensation and TANF programs.

(b) Build Back Better Act, H.R. 5376

    On August 11, 2021, the Senate passed S. Con. Res. 14, a 
concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget 
for fiscal year 2022, by a recorded vote of 50-49 (Record Vote 
Number: 357). On August 24, 2021, the House passed S. Con. Res. 
14 by a recorded vote of 220-212 (Roll no. 258). On September 
9-10 and 14-15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and Means held a 
markup of committee prints of Subtitles A-J of Title XIII of 
H.R. 5376. On September 15, 2021, the Committee on Ways and 
Means voted to transmit the recommendations to the House 
Committee on the Budget. On November 19, 2021, H.R. 5376 passed 
the House by a recorded vote of 220-213 (Roll no. 385).
    The Build Back Better Act, as marked up by the Committee, 
includes Worker and Family Support provisions providing 12 
weeks of comprehensive paid family and medical leave, child 
care worker wage subsidies, a parent information network to 
assist in finding child care, and investments in child care 
facilities. It also includes reauthorization and expansion of 
the Health Profession Opportunity Grant program (HPOG), funding 
for the Elder Justice Act, and expansion of Supplemental 
Security Income (SSI) to the five U.S. territories.
    The Build Back Better Act, as passed by the House, includes 
four weeks of comprehensive paid family and medical leave, 
Elder Justice Act and HPOG funding, and SSI expansion.

(c) Continued State Flexibility To Assist Older Foster Youth Act, H.R. 
        5661

    On October 21, 2021, Representative Danny K. Davis and 
Representative Jackie Walorski introduced H.R. 5661, the 
Continued State Flexibility To Assist Older Foster Youth Act. 
On October 27, 2021, the House agreed to suspend the rules and 
passed H.R. 5661 by voice vote.
    H.R. 5661 continues temporary flexibilities available to 
states expending pandemic emergency funding provided for the 
John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence program, through the 
end of fiscal year 2022. Temporary flexibilities include 
lifting the cap on housing support expenditures and allowing 
states to serve youth up to age 27.

(d) Frederick Douglass Trafficking Victims Prevention and Protection 
        Reauthorization Act of 2022, H.R. 6552

    On February 1, 2022, Representative Christopher Smith 
introduced H.R. 6552, the Frederick Douglass Trafficking 
Victims Prevention and Protection Reauthorization Act of 2022. 
On July 25, 2022, Chair Neal and Chair Meeks exchanged letters 
in which Chair Neal asserted jurisdiction under rule X but 
agreed to discharge the bill. On July 26, 2022, the House 
agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 6552, as amended, by 
a recorded vote of 401 20 (Roll no. 388).
    H.R. 6552 includes Worker and Family Support Sense of 
Congress language directing the Department of Health and Human 
Services to work with state child welfare agencies and the 
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children to ensure 
swift reporting of missing and abducted foster youth.

(e) The Jackie Walorski Maternal and Child Home Visiting 
        Reauthorization Act of 2022, H.R. 8876

    On September 19, 2022, Representative Danny K. Davis and 
Representative Brad Wenstrup introduced H.R. 8876, the Jackie 
Walorski Maternal and Child Home Visiting Reauthorization Act 
of 2022. On September 21, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means 
held a markup and ordered H.R. 8876, as amended, favorably 
reported, by a recorded vote of 41-0. On December 2, 2022, the 
House passed H.R. 8876 by a recorded vote of 390-26 (Roll no. 
500).
    H.R. 8876 reauthorizes the MIECHV program through fiscal 
year 2027. It gradually increases funding and makes policy and 
programmatic improvements, including a new outcome dashboard, a 
statutory funding formula for base and matching funds to states 
and territories, an increase in tribal MIECHV funding, and new 
investments in the home visiting workforce.

(f) Of inquiry directing the Secretary of Labor to provide to the House 
        of Representatives certain documents in the Secretary's 
        possession relating to Unemployment Insurance fraud during the 
        COVID-19 pandemic., H. Res. 1288

    On July 26, 2022, Representative Jackie Walorski and 
Representative Kevin Brady introduced H. Res. 1288, Of inquiry 
directing the Secretary of Labor to provide to the House of 
Representatives certain documents in the Secretary's possession 
relating to Unemployment Insurance fraud during the COVID-19 
pandemic. On September 20, 2022, the Committee on Ways and 
Means reported the resolution of inquiry adversely.

            E. Legislative Review of Social Security Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

(a) A bill to make a technical correction to the ALS Disability 
        Insurance Access Act of 2019, S. 579 (P.L. 117-3)

    On March 3, 2021, Senator Mike Braun introduced S. 579, ``A 
bill to make a technical correction to the ALS Disability 
Insurance Access Act of 2019.'' On March 3, 2021, the Senate 
passed S. 579 by unanimous consent. On March 11, 2021, the 
House passed S. 579 by unanimous consent. On March 23, 2021, S. 
579 was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-
3.
    S. 579 modifies the effective date of ALS Disability 
Insurance Access Act of 2019, relating to the five-month 
waiting period for Social Security Disability Insurance 
benefits for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

(b) Postal Service Reform Act of 2022, H.R. 3076 (P.L. 117-108)

    On May 11, 2021, Representative Carolyn Maloney introduced 
H.R. 3076, the Postal Service Reform Act of 2021. On February 
1, 2022, Chair Neal and Chair Maloney exchanged letters in 
which Chair Neal asserted jurisdiction under rule X but agreed 
to discharge the bill. On February 8, 2022, H.R. 3076 passed 
the House by a recorded vote of 342-92 (Roll no. 38). On March 
8, 2022, H.R. 3076 passed the Senate by a recorded vote of 79-
19 (Record Vote Number: 71). On April 6, 2022, H.R. 3076 was 
signed by the President and became Public Law No. 117-108.
    H.R. 3076 includes provisions relating to Social Security 
data exchanges to assist with implementation of the changes 
made to Medicare and the Postal Service Health Benefits 
Program.

              2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

(a) Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021, H.R. 1603

    On March 8, 2021, Representative Zoe Lofgren introduced 
H.R. 1603, the Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021. On 
March 18, 2021, the House passed H.R. 1603 by a recorded vote 
of 247-174 (Roll no. 93).
    H.R. 1603 includes Social Security-related provisions 
regarding the immigration status of noncitizen farmworkers.

(b) Social Security Fairness Act of 2021, H.R. 82

    On January 4, 2021, Representative Rodney Davis introduced 
H.R. 82, the Social Security Fairness Act of 2021. On July 15, 
2022, Rep. Davis filed a motion to place H.R. 82 on the 
Consensus Calendar, and on September 20, 2022, it was placed on 
the Consensus Calendar. On September 20, 2022, the Committee on 
Ways and Means ordered the bill reported without 
recommendation.
    H.R. 82 repeals two Social Security provisions affecting 
the benefits of workers who receive a pension based on earnings 
that were not covered by Social Security.

               F. Legislative Review of Oversight Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

(a) Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169)

    On August 16, 2022, the President signed into law the 
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) funding the Internal Revenue 
Service (IRS) and improving taxpayer compliance. In general, 
funds are provided for IRS taxpayer services ($3,181,500,000), 
enforcement ($45,637,400,000), operations support 
($25,426,300,000), and business systems modernization 
($4,750,700,000) through September 30, 2031. Further, IRA 
includes funding for the Treasury Inspector General for Tax 
Administration (TIGTA). The Oversight Subcommittee held six 
hearings related to IRS operations entitled ``Hearing on Free 
Tax Preparation Services During the Pandemic,'' ``Hearing with 
the IRS Commissioner on the 2021 Filing Season,'' ``Hearing 
with the National Taxpayer Advocate on Challenges Facing 
Taxpayers,'' ``Hearing with the IRS Commissioner on the 2022 
Filing Season,'' and ``Taxpayer Fairness Across the IRS.'' The 
Oversight Subcommittee also held a joint hearing with the 
Select Revenue Measures Subcommittee entitled ``Minding the Tax 
Gap: Improving Tax Administration for the 21st Century.''

(b) The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103)

    On March 15, 2022, the President signed into law the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, that includes funding 
for the Department of the Treasury. The legislation increases 
the IRS budget by more than $675 million over FY 2021 enacted 
levels. On June 10, 2021, the Select Revenue and Oversight 
Subcommittees held a joint hearing on ``Minding the Tax Gap: 
Improving Tax Administration for the 21st Century,'' that 
focused on fully funding and staffing the IRS examination 
program to ensure balanced and fair tax administration. 
Further, on March 18, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee held a 
hearing with the IRS Commissioner on the 2021 filing season 
that focused on IRS operations including taxpayer service 
funding and staffing needs.

              2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 117TH CONGRESS

(a) Inquiry directing the Secretary of the Treasury to provide certain 
        documents in the Secretary's possession to the House of 
        Representatives relating to recovery rebates under section 
        6428B of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, H. Res. 1246

    On July 22, 2022, Representative Jason Smith introduced H. 
Res. 1246, a resolution of inquiry that directs the Secretary 
of the Treasury to transmit to the House of Representatives, 
within 14 days after the adoption, certain information about 
recovery rebates issued under the Internal Revenue Code Section 
6428B. On September 20, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means 
reported the resolution of inquiry adversely.

(b) Inquiry directing the Secretary of the Treasury to provide to the 
        House of Representatives a copy of the Internal Revenue Service 
        Small Business/Self Employed Division Decision Memorandum 
        regarding the decision to destroy approximately 30,000,000 
        paper information returns around the time of March 2021, and 
        any other memorandum related to the decision to destroy those 
        information returns, H. Res. 1283

    On July 26, 2022, Representative Tom Rice introduced H. 
Res. 1283, a resolution of inquiry that directs the Secretary 
of the Treasury to transmit to the House of Representatives, 
within 14 days after adoption, a copy of an IRS Small Business/
Self Employed Division Decision Memorandum. On September 20, 
2022, the Committee on Ways and Means reported the resolution 
of inquiry adversely.

                     II. OVERSIGHT ACTIVITY REVIEW


                          A. Oversight Agenda

                                                     March 1, 2021.
Hon. Carolyn B. Maloney,
Chair, Committee on Oversight & Reform,
House of Representatives,
2157 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, DC.

Hon. Zoe Lofgren,
Chair, Committee on House Administration,
House of Representatives,
1309 Longworth House Office Building, Washington, DC.
    Dear Chair Maloney and Chair Lofgren: In accordance with 
the requirements of clause 2 of rule X of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the following is the oversight plan 
of the Committee on Ways and Means (Committee) for the 117th 
Congress. Where applicable, the Committee will continue to 
consult and coordinate with other committees in areas of shared 
jurisdiction on the below oversight hearings and oversight-
related activities.

Matters under the Committee's Federal Budget Jurisdiction

     Economic and Budget Outlook. Oversight hearings 
and other activities with various Administration officials to 
discuss the President's budget proposals, current economic and 
budget conditions, and limits on the public debt.

Matters under the Committee's Tax Jurisdiction

     Tax Reform. Hearings and other activities related 
to reforming the tax code to create a more equitable tax code 
that provides for appropriate tax relief for low- and moderate-
income families.
     Priorities of the Department of the Treasury. 
Hearings with the Treasury Secretary and other Administration 
officials to receive information regarding the Administration's 
tax-related priorities for the 117th Congress. Specifically, 
hearings to discuss and consider legislative and administrative 
proposals contained in the President's fiscal year 2022 and 
2023 budgets.
     Tax Provisions Contained in COVID-related Public 
Laws. Hearings and other activities regarding implementation of 
and provisions in public laws designed to address the COVID-19 
pandemic, including: the Families First Coronavirus Response 
Act, Public Law 116-127; Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic 
Security (CARES) Act, Public Law 116-136; Paycheck Protection 
Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, Public Law 116-139; 
and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Public Law 116-
260.
     Infrastructure. Hearings and other activities 
related to robust investment in American infrastructure 
directed at modernizing how Americans travel, how the American 
economy grows, and creating good jobs and meaningful economic 
development at the local, state, and federal levels. 
Examination of provisions within the Committee's jurisdiction 
to create jobs in a green economy and invest in underdeveloped 
areas, including bond-financing programs and tax credit 
incentives.
     Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Operations/
Administration of Tax Laws. Oversight of major IRS programs, 
including enforcement, collection, taxpayer services, returns 
processing, and information systems. Continue oversight over 
major operating areas of the agency to ensure the nation's tax 
laws are being administered in a fair and impartial manner, 
including implementation of the Taxpayer First Act, Public Law 
116-25, and issuance of Economic Impact Payments (EIPs). 
Consider analyses and reports provided to Congress by the IRS 
National Taxpayer Advocate, Treasury Inspector General for Tax 
Administration (TIGTA), and the Government Accountability 
Office (GAO). Oversight of IRS funding and staffing levels 
needed to provide taxpayer assistance, enforce Federal tax laws 
effectively and efficiently, and modernize IRS information 
technology systems. Evaluate tax return filing seasons, 
including returns processing, availability of taxpayer 
services, and the revision and issuance of forms and guidance. 
Examine proposals and programs to address the ``tax gap'' and 
improve tax law compliance.
     Tax-Exempt Organizations. Oversight of Federal tax 
laws, regulations, and filing requirements that affect tax-
exempt organizations. Evaluate overall IRS efforts to assist 
and monitor tax-exempt organizations, identify areas of non-
compliance, prevent abuse, and ensure timely disclosure to the 
public about tax-exempt organization activities and finances.
     Tax Code Simplification. Oversight of tax code 
complexity, particularly for individuals, with the goal of 
legislative or administrative simplification. Review areas 
where taxpayers and professional return preparers have 
difficulty, including areas where they make the most errors, 
and consider solutions. Evaluate simplification of information 
returns to assist taxpayers in determining taxable income.
     Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Oversight of the 
refundable Federal income tax credits designed to assist low- 
to moderate-income working individuals and families. Evaluate 
EITC participation rates and administration of the credit.
     Tax Scams and Improper Payments. Oversight of the 
latest tax scams and tax fraud activities with a goal of 
protecting taxpayers and preventing identity theft, including 
oversight of resources available to taxpayers that were victims 
of identity theft involving unemployment compensation. Examine 
IRS programs designed to identify and remedy identity theft and 
tax fraud. Consult and review analyses of GAO and TIGTA on this 
subject.
     Federal Excise Taxes and Related Trust Funds. 
Oversight review of Federal excise taxes, including credits and 
refunds, and the trust funds financed by these taxes.
     Pensions and Retirement Security. Oversight review 
of the financial condition, operations, and governance of the 
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), including the 
financial exposure of the PBGC.
     Reducing Inequities. Oversight review of the 
implementation of Federal tax laws by the IRS to address issues 
of Federal tax inequities based on race, color, ethnicity, 
religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, 
age, or national origin.
     Mandatory Audit Program. Oversight of legislative 
proposals and tax law related to Presidential and Vice-
Presidential mandatory tax audits.

Matters under the Committee's Health Jurisdiction

     Health Reform. Hearings and other activities 
related to reform of the health care system to reduce costs, 
lower premiums, expand choices, and ensure access to affordable 
coverage.
     Health Provisions Contained in the COVID-19 
Response. Hearings and other activities related to the 
implementation of the national response to the COVID-19 
pandemic. This oversight includes review of, among other 
priorities: inequalities in COVID-19 infections and responses; 
the intended effect of funds provided by the Federal government 
on helping test, treat, and vaccinate the American people and 
helping the economy recover and reopen; and the effect of 
COVID-19 in health care settings, including nursing homes.
     Health Inequities. Oversight of inequities in 
geography, physical environments, clinical care resources and 
networks, and health behaviors--along with social, political, 
cultural, and economic factors--that influence health and 
inequities in health.
     Priorities of the Department of Health and Human 
Services. Oversight hearings with the Health and Human Services 
Secretary to discuss priorities for the 117th Congress and 
concerns related to the delivery of health services and payment 
under Medicare. Specifically, hearings to discuss and consider 
legislative and administrative proposals contained in the 
President's fiscal year 2022 budget.
     Health Provisions Contained in the Affordable Care 
Act (ACA). Hearings and other activities regarding various 
health provisions contained in the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act, Public Law 111-148, and the Health Care 
and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, Public Law 111-152, 
known collectively as the ACA. Oversight and other activities 
relating to ACA health provisions, including its changes to the 
annual updates to Medicare Fee-For-Service payment rates, 
changes to Medicare Advantage's payment rates, benefit changes 
to fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage, and the Center for 
Medicare and Medicaid Innovation.
     Medicare Part A and Part B (Fee-for-Service 
Providers). Oversight of Medicare to ensure efficient use of 
resources, quality of care, and access to providers for 
Medicare beneficiaries. Specific topics include: adequacy and 
appropriateness of provider payments, including incentive 
payments and implementation of reforms to physician payment 
systems; ownership trends; program benefits; patient out-of-
pocket costs; workforce supply; treatment of specific 
populations, such as people with disabilities and low-income 
beneficiaries; social determinants of health and health 
disparities; prescription drug costs; quality improvement 
efforts; and waste, fraud, and abuse activities.
     Medicare Advantage. Oversight of Medicare 
Advantage health plans, including: enrollment; benefit 
packages; quality; beneficiary choice; risk adjustment coding 
and payment accuracy; and submission of Encounter Data and 
health risk assessments.
     Medicare Part D (Prescription Drug Plans). 
Oversight of the Medicare prescription drug program, including: 
costs of and access to prescription drugs; beneficiary premiums 
and cost-sharing; the risk sharing structure and reinsurance; 
improvements to the low-income subsidy program; impacts of 
recently enacted legislation and regulations on the Part D 
program; access to retiree prescription drug coverage; and 
negotiation in Medicare.
     Medicare Trust Fund Stewardship. Oversight of 
program changes on the Medicare Trust Funds; premium and copay 
levels; provider payments; benefit design; and improvements to 
the program's long-term sustainability.
     CMS Administration. Oversight of Centers for 
Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), including: issuance of 
regulations and their impact on Medicare beneficiaries and 
providers; the adequacy and use of CMS' budget and staff; 
contracting activities; communications with beneficiaries; 
adherence to the Administrative Procedure Act; and general 
agency accountability.
     Private Health Insurance Coverage. Oversight and 
review of private health coverage, including: cost, access, and 
subsidies to purchase insurance; benefit design, coverage 
options, pooling mechanisms, and employer-sponsored benefits; 
group health benefits under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget 
Reconciliation Act (COBRA); the Health Coverage Tax Credit 
(HCTC); health savings accounts, flexible spending 
arrangements, and qualified small employer health reimbursement 
arrangements; options to reduce the cost of health coverage, 
expand coverage, and address the rate of increase in health 
care costs; the impact of the ACA and related regulations on 
those with private insurance, the uninsured, employers, the 
economy, and state budgets; and adherence to the Administrative 
Procedures Act.
     Surprise Billing. Oversight of the surprise 
billing ban that was included in the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2021, Public Law 116-260, to ensure 
consumers are protected from paying more than their appropriate 
level of cost-sharing based on their insurer's in-network rates 
for care and to ensure that the arbitration process is 
implemented fairly and in a timely manner.
     Prescription Drugs. Oversight of the landscape of 
federal policies that can be changed to lower prescription drug 
prices and improve domestic manufacturing and supply chains 
including tax incentives, payment incentives, misaligned 
incentives among various entities in the health system, and 
ways to directly lower patient costs, overall costs in health 
care, and costs to taxpayers.
     Skilled Nursing Facilities. Oversight of the 
quality of care delivered to nursing home patients; infection 
control and reporting (particularly related to COVID-19); 
patient safety; ownership trends; cost transparency; and equity 
concerns.

  B. Actions Taken and Recommendations Made With Respect to Oversight 
                                  Plan


                      1. SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT

Actions Taken

                         FULL COMMITTEE HEARING

    On April 6, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
``Overcoming Racism to Advance Economic Opportunity'' from: (i) 
Camille Busette, Ph.D., Director of the Race, Prosperity, and 
Inclusion Initiative, Brookings; (ii) Carmen Rojas, Ph.D., 
President and Chief Executive Officer, Marguerite Casey 
Foundation; (iii) Sung Yeon Choimorrow, M.Div., Executive 
Director, National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum; (iv) 
Daniel E. Dawes, J.D., Executive Director, Satcher Health 
Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine; and (v) 
Alfredo Ortiz, M.B.A., President and CEO, Job Creators Network, 
affiliated with the American Legislative Exchange Council. The 
Committee examined how racial biases have factored into health, 
tax, trade, and worker and family support programs and policies 
and the resulting significant gaps in income and wealth 
accumulation.

                    OVERSIGHT SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On February 18, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony on ``Free Tax Preparation Services During the 
Pandemic'' from: (i) Rebecca Thompson, Director of Field 
Engagement & Taxpayer Opportunity Network, Prosperity Now; (ii) 
Lynnette Lee-Villanueva, Vice President, AARP Foundation Tax-
Aide; (iii) Yvonne Zuidema, President & CEO, United Way of 
Passaic County; and (iv) Gary Rauschenberger, District 
Coordinator, AARP Foundation Tax-Aide of Butler County. The 
Subcommittee examined free taxpayer preparation services for 
moderate-income and low-income taxpayers, the elderly, limited-
English speaking taxpayers, and the disabled during the 
pandemic.
    On March 18, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony at the ``Hearing with the IRS Commissioner on the 
2021 Filing Season'' from the Honorable Charles P. Rettig, 
Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The 
Subcommittee examined the tax return filing season and IRS 
operations during the COVID-19 pandemic, including providing 
telephone assistance to taxpayers, improving service to diverse 
communities, delivering Economic Impact Payments, implementing 
business tax relief, providing administrative relief, and 
protecting taxpayers and ensuring tax compliance.
    On March 25, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony on ``Examining Private Equity's Expanded Role in the 
U.S. Healthcare System'' from: (i) Sabrina Howell, Ph.D., 
Assistant Professor of Finance, New York University Stern 
School of Business; (ii) Terris King, Sc.D., CEO, King 
Enterprise Group, LLC; (iii) Ernest Tosh, J.D., Trial Attorney, 
Tosh Law Firm, PLLC; (iv) Milly Silva, Executive Vice 
President, 1199 SEIU United Healthcare Workers East; and (v) 
Grace Colucci, Voices for Seniors. The Subcommittee examined 
how private equity ownership in our health care system affects 
patient safety, the growth of private equity activity in health 
care from less than $5 billion in 2000 to more than $100 
billion in 2019, and the impact of private equity investment in 
nursing homes.
    On June 10, 2021, the Select Revenue Measures Subcommittee 
and the Oversight Subcommittee held a joint hearing and 
received testimony on ``Minding the Tax Gap: Improving Tax 
Administration for the 21st Century'' from: (i) Mark Mazur, 
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy, U.S. Department of 
the Treasury; (ii) Doug O'Donnell, Deputy Commissioner for 
Services and Enforcement, Internal Revenue Service; (iii) Dr. 
Janet Holtzblatt, Senior Fellow, Urban-Brookings Tax Policy 
Center; (iv) Steven Dean, Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law 
School; and (v) Nina Olson, Executive Director, Center for 
Taxpayer Rights. The tax gap is the difference between taxes 
owed to the government and taxes actually paid (then-estimated 
at a net gap of $381 billion for 2011 to 2013). The 
Subcommittee examined the size of the tax gap, the components 
of the tax gap, the importance of compliance programs and 
taxpayer services in reducing the tax gap, and the need for 
resources (staffing, funding, and technology) at the IRS to 
address the tax gap.
    On June 29, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony on ``Expanding Access to Higher Education and the 
Promise it Holds'' from: (i) Dr. Marshall Anthony, Jr., Senior 
Policy Analyst, Center for American Progress; (ii) Dr. Susan 
Whealler Johnston, President and Chief Executive Officer, 
National Association of College and University Business 
Officers; (iii) Dr. Steven M. Rose, President, Passaic County 
Community College; (iv) Dr. Susan M. Dynarski, Professor of 
Public Policy, Education, and Economics, University of 
Michigan; and (v) Mr. Scott Pulsipher, President, Western 
Governors University. The Subcommittee examined access to and 
affordability of higher education, the impact of debt on 
students, the need for investment in community colleges and 
public education institutions, the importance of federal 
assistance to colleges and universities during the pandemic, 
and the impact of education-related tax incentives.
    On July 14, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony on ``Expanding Housing Access to All Americans'' 
from: (i) Jeff Tucker, Senior Economist, Zillow; (ii) Gerald 
Howard, Jr., CEO, National Association of Home Builders; (iii) 
Staci Berger, President and CEO, Housing and Community 
Development Network of New Jersey; (iv) Lilian Faulhaber, 
Professor of Law, Georgetown University; and (iv) John 
Persinger, CEO, Erie Downtown Development Corporation. The 
Subcommittee examined housing access and affordability in the 
United States and related tax incentives.
    On November 16, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony on ``The Opportunity Zone Program and Who It Left 
Behind'' from: (i) Jessica Lucas-Judy, Director, Strategic 
Issues, Government Accountability Office (GAO); (ii) Brett 
Theodos, Senior Fellow, Urban Institute; (iii) David Wessel, 
Director, Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy & 
Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution; and (iv) John Persinger, 
CEO, Erie Downtown Development Corporation. The Subcommittee 
examined the availability of taxpayer data on Opportunity Zone 
investments, IRS plans to ensure taxpayers comply with the tax 
laws governing Opportunity Zones, and the need to ensure that 
low- and moderate-income communities in urban and rural areas 
benefit from Opportunity Zones.
    On December 8, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony on ``The Pandora Papers and Hidden Wealth'' from: (i) 
Beverly I. Moran, Professor of Law, Emeritia, Vanderbilt Law 
School; (ii) Daniel Hemel, Professor, University of Chicago Law 
School; (iii) Erica Hanichak, Government Affairs Director, the 
Financial Accountability and Corporate Transparency (FACT) 
Coalition; and (iv) David R. Burton, Senior Fellow, The 
Heritage Foundation. The Subcommittee examined the Pandora 
Papers investigation released by the International Consortium 
of Investigative Journalists in 2021, reasons for investment of 
offshore wealth in the United States, and the role of trusts in 
some states in holding and hiding wealth for foreign nationals.
    On February 8, 2022, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony at the ``Hearing with the National Taxpayer Advocate 
on Challenges Facing Taxpayers'' from Erin M. Collins, the 
National Taxpayer Advocate, Office of the National Taxpayer 
Advocate. The Subcommittee examined the National Taxpayer 
Advocate's 2021 Annual Report to the Congress and discussed the 
main challenges faced by taxpayers related to return processing 
delays, correspondence processing delays, and reaching the IRS 
by telephone and obtaining information.
    On March 17, 2022, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony at the ``Hearing with IRS Commissioner Rettig on the 
2022 Filing Season'' from the Honorable Charles P. Rettig, 
Commissioner of the IRS. The Subcommittee examined the 
unprocessed paper correspondence and returns from 2021, the 
level of telephone service, information technology 
modernization, the impact of decreased IRS funding on staffing 
and tax administration, efforts to improve tax compliance, the 
effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on IRS operations, and the IRS 
Taxpayer Experience Office.
    On May 18, 2022, the Oversight Subcommittee received 
testimony on ``Taxpayer Fairness Across IRS'' from Mr. Kenneth 
Corbin, Commissioner, Wage and Investment Division and Chief 
Taxpayer Experience Officer, Internal Revenue Service and Mr. 
James R. McTigue, Jr., Director, Strategic Issues, Government 
Accountability Office (GAO). The Subcommittee examined IRS 
operations, IRS efforts to ensure equity and fairness as it 
works to enhance the taxpayer experience, and GAO's report on 
audit trends of individual taxpayers at different income 
levels.

                    OVERSIGHT SUBCOMMITEE ROUNDTABLE

    On May 6, 2021, the Oversight Subcommittee held a 
roundtable discussion with Nina Olson, Executive Director of 
the Center for Taxpayer Rights and Former National Taxpayer 
Advocate, to discuss IRS operations.

                             INVESTIGATIONS

(a) Mandatory Audit Program for Presidential Returns

    During the 117th Congress, the Committee considered 
legislative proposals and conducted oversight concerning the 
IRS's mandatory audit program for the returns of a sitting 
President and Vice President. On June 16, 2021, Chair Neal sent 
a letter to Secretary of the Treasury Yellen and IRS 
Commissioner Rettig requesting the former President's tax 
returns and return information under Section 6103 of the 
Internal Revenue Code. Treasury received the opinion of the 
Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel, on July 30, 
2022, concluding that the request by the Committee was valid 
and the mandatory language in section 6103 required Treasury to 
comply with the request.
    Further, in this Congress, on December 14, 2021, the U.S. 
District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the 
Committee's request for the tax returns and return information 
of former President Trump was supported by the valid 
legislative purpose of the Committee's study of the 
Presidential Audit Program and Congress could seek the record 
to inform legislation. On August 9, 2022, the U.S. Court of 
Appeals for the District of Columbia affirmed the decision of 
the district court in favor of the Committee. On October 27, 
2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 
denied the former President's petition for rehearing en banc. 
The former President filed an emergency application for a stay 
with the Supreme Court that was denied on November 22, 2022. On 
the same date, the U.S. Court of Appeals issued a formal 
mandate. The Chair was granted access to the requested tax 
returns and return information, which were subsequently 
reviewed by the designated agents of the Chair.
    On December 20, 2022, the Committee met in closed Executive 
Session to consider confidential materials related to the 
investigation into the IRS's mandatory audit program. By a vote 
of 24 to 16, the Committee voted to submit those materials to 
the U.S. House of Representatives. On December 22, 2022, the 
House passed H.R. 9640, the ``Presidential Tax Filings and 
Audit Transparency Act of 2022,'' by a vote of 222-201. This 
bill codifies the IRS mandatory audit program and makes certain 
information related to the program publicly available.
    This work also relates to the Committee's ongoing efforts 
to increase transparency regarding the tax returns of sitting 
Presidents, Vice Presidents, and candidates for those offices. 
Specifically, Title X of H.R. 1, the For the People Act of 
2021, which passed the House on March 3, 2021, mandates that 
the President, the Vice President, and candidates for President 
and Vice President must publicly disclose 10 years of their 
income tax returns.

(b) Report on Oil and Gas Companies' Response to March 2022 Inquiry

    On March 10, 2022, Oversight Subcommittee Chair Pascrell 
sent letters to the heads of 11 oil and gas companies concerned 
with the impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on the global 
oil supply and rampant gas price increases. The Chair requested 
answers from the companies on their operations or financial 
interests in Russia, oil and gas production, executive 
profiteering, corporate stock buybacks, and use of certain 
federal tax incentives and benefits. Letters were sent to APA 
Corporation, BP America, Chevron Corporation, ConocoPhillips, 
Devon Energy, Enbridge (U.S.) Inc, Equinor, ExxonMobil 
Corporation, Marathon Petroleum, Pioneer Natural Resources 
Company, and Royal Dutch Shell PLC.
    On August 24, 2022, the Subcommittee Majority staff 
released a report with summaries of the responses received from 
the oil companies. The report also included background 
information provided by the Congressional Research Service on: 
(i) oil and gas price effects from Russia's Invasion of 
Ukraine; (ii) company activities in the U.S. oil and gas 
sector, (iii) U.S. oil production and refining capacity, (iv) 
financial highlights of selected oil companies (net debt, cash 
flow from operations, dividends paid, and stock repurchases), 
(v) federal actions aimed at lowering gas prices, (vi) 
congressional actions aimed at lowering gas prices, and (vii) 
oil and gas tax provisions. The responses from the oil and gas 
companies varied and the staff reported the responses for each 
company related to: (i) certain oil and gas tax incentives and 
the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, (ii) gas prices. (iii) 
stock buybacks and dividend increases, and (iv) renewable 
resources.

(c) Report on Universities' Responses to the Compensation of Athletic 
        Coaches Inquiry

    In follow up to letters sent by Oversight Subcommittee 
Chair Pascrell to universities inquiring about aspects of their 
athletic programs and tax-exempt missions, the Subcommittee 
Majority released a report with summaries of the responses 
received from the universities. The report included background 
information provided by the Congressional Research Service on 
the tax-exempt status of colleges and universities and sections 
4960 and 4958 of the Internal Revenue Code.
    In connection with this report, Oversight Subcommittee 
Chair Pascrell sent letters to the following universities: 
Auburn University, Duke University, Louisiana State University, 
Michigan State University, Rutgers University, Stanford 
University, University of Miami, University of Southern 
California, and Villanova University.

(d) IRS Operations

    The Oversight Subcommittee continually reviews the 
activities and programs of the IRS with respect to the fair and 
full administration of the nation's tax laws. The Subcommittee 
continues to focus on taxpayer assistance, systems 
modernization, and IRS funding and staffing resources.
    The Oversight Subcommittee received ongoing updates during 
the 117th Congress from TIGTA on: (1) the status of the IRS 
backlog of unopened mail, paper returns waiting to be processed 
by calendar year, paper and e-filed returns suspended during 
processing, amended returns to be processed, and pending 
accounts management cases; and (2) IRS hiring and staffing. In 
addition, the Subcommittee also received reports from TIGTA on 
threat-related incidents involving the IRS (direct threats, 
assaults, or attempts against an IRS employee or facility).
    To review tax administration matters and issues at the IRS, 
the Committee sent the following letters:
     February 16, 2021: Committee Democrats wrote to 
Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and IRS Commissioner Charles 
Rettig regarding the handling of the Recovery Rebate Credit 
when taxpayers have outstanding tax liabilities.
     February 19, 2021: Chair Neal and Oversight Chair 
Pascrell wrote to IRS Commissioner Rettig regarding the 
issuance of erroneous notices to taxpayers and requested that 
notices be stopped while the IRS has a backlog of millions of 
returns.
     February 22, 2021: Chair Neal, Ranking Member 
Brady, Oversight Chair Pascrell and Ranking Member Kelly, and 
Worker and Family Support Subcommittee Chair Davis and Ranking 
Member Walorski wrote to IRS Commissioner Rettig regarding 
reports that taxpayer were receiving information returns for 
unemployment benefits that they did not apply for or receive.
     February 26, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote 
to IRS Commissioner Rettig requesting information on the IRS 
enforcement of the tax laws on high-income individuals to 
ensure fair and balanced tax administration.
     June 8, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote to 
IRS Commissioner Rettig regarding a ProPublica news report 
related to tax payments of certain taxpayers.
     June 10, 2021: Chair Neal wrote to IRS 
Commissioner Rettig requesting an update on information that 
appeared in a ProPublica news report related to tax payments of 
certain taxpayers.
     June 24, 2021: Chair Neal wrote to the TIGTA 
Inspector General requesting information related to a 
ProPublica news report on the tax payments of certain 
taxpayers.
     October 26, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote 
to IRS Commissioner Rettig requesting information on the impact 
of U.S. Postal Service changes on the IRS.
     February 17, 2022: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote 
to Blake Hall, the Chief Executive Officers of ID.me, regarding 
its identity verification contract with the IRS.
     March 3, 2022: Oversight Chair Pascrell and 
Representative DelBene wrote to Treasury Secretary Yellen 
regarding Treasury programs related to Russia's invasion of 
Ukraine.
     March 8, 2022: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote to 
Treasury Secretary Yellen requesting review of the tax laws 
applicable to irrevocable grantor trusts.
     March 22, 2022: Committee Members, on a bipartisan 
basis, wrote to Treasury Secretary Yellen regarding Treasury 
programs related to Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the role 
of Treasury in Task Force KleptoCapture.
     April 19, 2022: Chair Neal wrote to GAO 
Comptroller General Eugene Dodaro regarding a review of issues 
related to the tax gap.
     May 19, 2022: Chair Neal wrote to GAO Comptroller 
General Dodaro regarding a review of the IRS private debt 
collector program.
     July 7, 2022: Chair Neal wrote to TIGTA Inspector 
General J. Russell George regarding the selection of returns 
for inclusion in the audits conducted as part of IRS's National 
Research Program.
     August 16, 2022: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote to 
IRS Commissioner Rettig regarding plans for the funding 
provided to the agency in the Inflation Reduction Act.
    To review Treasury and IRS administration of the tax laws 
related to tax-exempt organizations, in addition to the 
investigation of college athletics leading to the Report on 
Universities' Responses to the Compensation of Athletic 
Coaches, the Committee sent the following letters:
     January 13, 2021: all Committee Majority Members 
wrote to then-Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin regarding the 
January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol and inquired about 
the need for Treasury to act upon news reports suggesting that 
tax-exempt organizations had a role in the seditious and 
destructive activities that took place at the Capitol.
     March 3, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote to 
Treasury Secretary Yellen requesting emergency guidance on the 
current laws, rules, and sanctions related to illegal 
activities of tax-exempt organizations.
     March 3, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote to 
the TIGTA Inspector General George regarding oversight of the 
activities of tax-exempt organizations to ensure that 
organizations are not participating in illegal activities.
     July 22, 2022: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote to 
IRS Commissioner Rettig regarding IRS's procedures for 
reviewing and approving applications for tax-exemption.
    To review the 2021 and 2022 tax return filing seasons, in 
addition to hearings on the filing season held in March of 2021 
and 2022, as well as a hearing with the National Taxpayer 
Advocate in February 2022, the Committee sent the following 
letters:
     February 16, 2021: several Committee Majority 
Members wrote to Treasury Secretary Yellen and IRS Commissioner 
Rettig regarding the application of the amount of the rebate 
recovery credit to outstanding tax liabilities.
     February 17, 2021: Chair Neal and Ranking Member 
Brady wrote to GAO Comptroller General Dodaro to request a 
review IRS's performance during the 2021 filing season.
     February 18, 2021: several Committee Majority 
members wrote to IRS Commissioner Rettig requesting that the 
tax filing season be extended beyond April 15, 2021.
     February 18, 2021: several Committee Majority 
Members wrote to IRS Commissioner Rettig regarding availability 
and access to free tax preparation services during the 
pandemic.
     February 19, 2021: Chair Neal and Oversight Chair 
Pascrell wrote to IRS Commissioner Rettig regarding the IRS's 
plans to process returns and improve customer service during 
the filing season.
     March 30, 2022: Chair Neal and Ranking Member 
Brady wrote to GAO Comptroller General Dodaro to request a 
review of IRS's performance during the 2022 filing season.
     July 12, 2022: Oversight Chair Pascrell and 
Ranking Member Rice wrote to the IRS's Electronic Tax Advisory 
Committee regarding the scanning and processing of income tax 
returns.

(e) Economic Impact Payments and Other Tax Administration Matters 
        Related to the American Rescue Plan Act

    In March 2021, Congress passed the American Rescue Plan Act 
of 2021 (ARPA) authorizing the IRS to issue recovery rebate 
payments, or economic impact payments (EIPs), to hundreds of 
millions of Americans and providing for the advance payment by 
the IRS of the child tax credit. Since March, the Oversight 
Subcommittee has conducted robust oversight of the IRS's 
efforts to issue these payments and resolve constituents' 
questions or issues. Importantly, the Oversight Subcommittee 
has sought to ensure that the most vulnerable Americans are not 
left behind by the IRS's payment efforts. Further, the 
Oversight Subcommittee has received updates from TIGTA during 
the year on contacts to its hotline related to ARPA fraud.
    The Committee sent the following letters requesting 
information about the implementation of EIPs and ARPA 
provisions:
     March 22, 2021: Chair Neal and Subcommittee Chairs 
Larson, Davis, and Pascrell wrote to IRS Commissioner Rettig 
regarding their concerns with delays in the issuance of 
economic impact payments.
     March 22, 2021: Chair Neal and Subcommittee Chairs 
Larson, Davis, and Pascrell wrote to then-Social Security 
Administration Commissioner Andrew Saul regarding their 
concerns with delays in the issuance of economic impact 
payments.
     March 23, 2021: Several Committee Majority Members 
wrote to Treasury Secretary Yellen requesting outreach to those 
eligible for economic impact payments under the American Rescue 
Plan Act.
     March 24, 2021: Chair Neal and Oversight Chair 
Pascrell wrote to IRS Commissioner Rettig requesting assistance 
for taxpayers with respect to the tax treatment of unemployment 
compensation.

(f) Opportunity Zones

    During the 117th Congress, the Committee conducted 
oversight of ``opportunity zones'' created by the TCJA, which 
are designated areas in which investors can receive favorable 
tax treatment. This was a continuation of oversight in the 
prior Congress related to concerns that there are few 
guardrails in place to ensure that opportunity zone investments 
are benefiting the communities in which they are located. In 
addition to an Oversight Subcommittee hearing on November 16, 
2022, the Committee sent the following letter:
     December 20, 2021: Several Committee Majority 
Members wrote to Treasury Secretary Yellen regarding tax policy 
issues related to the hearing on ``The Opportunity Zone Program 
and Who It Left Behind.''

(g) General Health

    The Committee conducted oversight with respect to health 
care matters under its jurisdiction during the course of the 
117th Congress. With respect to such oversight, the following 
letters were sent:
     May 27, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote a 
letter to GAO Comptroller General Dodaro requesting an 
examination of the relationship between private equity 
investments and subsequent bankruptcies or closures of health 
care facilities.
     November 12, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote 
a letter to Federal Trade Commissioner Chairwoman Lina Khan 
urging increased oversight of private equity's growth across 
the American healthcare sector.
     November 17, 2021: Health Subcommittee Chair 
Doggett and Oversight Subcommittee Chair Pascrell wrote to 
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Administrator 
Chiquita Brooks-LaSure requesting information on the impact of 
U.S. Postal Service changes on the agency.
     September 13, 2022: Oversight Subcommittee Chair 
Pascrell sent a letter to Health and Human Services Secretary 
Xavier Becerra requesting a review of HCA Healthcare.
     September 13, 2022: Oversight Subcommittee Chair 
Pascrell wrote to Samuel Hazen, the CEO of HCA Healthcare, to 
request certain information on staffing, admissions, internal 
audit processes, and other data.

(h) General Trade

    The Committee sent the following letters as part of its 
oversight of general trade matters within its jurisdiction:
     November 17, 2021: Trade Subcommittee Chair 
Blumenauer and Oversight Subcommittee Chair Pascrell wrote to 
Customs and Border Protection Acting Commissioner Troy Miller 
regarding the impact of U.S. Postal Service changes on the U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection.
     On November 5, 2021, Several Committee Majority 
members, including the Chairs of the Trade and Oversight 
Subcommittees, sent letters to companies that benefit from U.S. 
trade programs with Haiti and rely on Haitian employers and 
workers to create their products. The Committee was concerned 
about the humanitarian crisis in Haiti resulting from political 
turmoil and the earthquake. The Committee Members wrote to the 
executives at the following companies: Abercrombie & Fitch, 
Amazon, Ariat, Augusta Sportswear, Banded Holdings, Blitz 
Apparel, Calhoun Sportswear, Calvin Klein, Careismatic, 
Carter's, Casper, Champro, Cintas Group, C Life Group, Dick's 
Sporting Goods, Disney, Elite Sportswear, Fabletics, Fabrik 
Apparel, Fanatics Apparel, Fast Retailing, Fishman & Tobin, 
Freeze, Fruit of the Loom, Gap, Gildan Activewear, Global 
Brands Group, GOEX, Hanesbrands, Hot Topic, ICAT DE CV, Jockey, 
Just Play LLC, Kazoo, Kohl's, Landau Uniforms, Li & Fung, Li & 
Fung LF, Lululemon Athletica, Mattel Inc., New Balance 
Athletics, Next Level Apparel YS Garments, Nordstrom, Peace 
Textile America, PINNACLE, Propper International, PVH Corp., 
Recover Brands, Reebok, Reed Manufacturing Company, Robinson 
Manufacturing Company, SanMar Corp., Serta Simmons Bedding, 
LLC, Superior Group of Companies, Target Corp., The Children's 
Place, Under Armour, Inc., Vald'or Apparel, Inc., VF 
Corporation (and the North Face), Walmart, Inc., and Zorrel 
International.
     January 19, 2022: Chairman Neal, Trade 
Subcommittee Chair Blumenauer, and other House Committee Chairs 
wrote to Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, Inc., regarding the company's 
interests in China.

(i) Other Matters Under the Committee's Jurisdiction

    The Committee has broad oversight jurisdiction and sent the 
following letters:
     November 3, 2021: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote 
to Acting Social Security Administration Commissioner Kilolo 
Kijakazi requesting information on the impact of U.S. Postal 
Service changes on the SSA.
     February 9, 2022: Oversight Chair Pascrell wrote 
to Treasury Secretary Yellen regarding Treasury's matured 
unredeemed debt.

                        2. SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE

     Trade Negotiations. Fully exercise Congress' 
constitutional role and oversight responsibilities regarding 
existing and new trade negotiations. Ensure the 
Administration's compliance with statutory Congressional 
notification, consultation, and transparency requirements for 
all trade negotiations, with particular focus on: addressing 
long-standing structural and competitively consequential 
challenges with China; the European Union (EU); Asia-Pacific; 
and other relevant trading partners or topical issues. 
Oversight of the Administration's approach for negotiations 
with the United Kingdom (UK) following the withdrawal of the 
United Kingdom from the European Union. Oversight of the 
Administration's approach for negotiations with Kenya, Taiwan, 
and countries in the Indo-Pacific and the Americas.
     Enforcement. Oversight of enforcement of trade 
agreements, including the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement 
(USMCA), other bilateral and regional free trade agreements, 
and the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements, to hold U.S. 
trading partners accountable and render commitments secured 
from trading partners meaningful. Oversight of the 
implementation of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement 
Act of 2015 to ensure that the enforcement tools in the bill 
are being fully utilized, particularly with respect to evasion 
of trade remedies, forced labor, intellectual property rights 
violations, currency policy, and violations of trade 
agreements. Particular oversight of enforcement activities 
related to China's WTO commitments, as well as continuing 
barriers imposed by other countries and economies. Oversight of 
the administration of U.S. trade remedy laws, as well as 
enforcement related to U.S. intellectual property rights, 
import safety, and illegal transshipment.
     Implemented Trade Agreements and Agreements in the 
Process of Implementation. Oversight of implemented agreements 
with Colombia; Panama; Peru; Costa Rica, the Dominican 
Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua 
(CAFTA DR); Oman; Bahrain; Singapore; Chile; Australia; 
Morocco; Jordan; Canada and Mexico (USMCA); and Israel.
    Oversight of implemented elements of the agreement with 
Korea and provisions of the 2018 renegotiation, the U.S.-Japan 
Phase One Trade Agreement, the U.S.-Japan Digital Trade 
Agreement, and the U.S.-China Phase One Trade Agreement that 
trading partners are still in the process of implementing. 
Continued analysis of the impact of these trade agreements for 
American workers, manufacturers, businesses, farmers, and 
ranchers. Identify provisions of such trade agreements that 
should be improved or updated.
     Miscellaneous Tariff Bill (MTB). Oversight of the 
implementation of the procedures set forth in the American 
Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of 2016, including ensuring 
that the U.S. International Trade Commission and the Executive 
Branch perform their roles within the timeframes set forth in 
the bill and maintain an open and transparent process, and 
producing a legislative package for consideration by the House.
     Impact of Trade on U.S. Job Creation. Oversight of 
the impact of trade on U.S. jobs, wages, communities, and 
economic growth or displacement, with particular attention to 
trade's disparate impact on underprivileged groups, including 
disparities based on economic status, race, color, ethnicity, 
religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, 
age, or national origin.
     Equities and Inclusion in Trade. Oversight of the 
ways in which all trade policies and programs promote equitable 
outcomes and inclusive participation from underserved and 
disadvantaged groups in policymaking processes, data collection 
and analysis, and accessing benefits. Oversight of trade 
disparities based on socioeconomic status, race, color, 
ethnicity, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, 
disability, age, or national origin.
     Trade Remedies. Oversight and promotion of the 
enforcement of the trade remedy laws, in compliance with the 
legal and evidentiary requirements established by Congress. 
Oversight of implementation of the Enforce and Protect Act of 
2015 by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to address 
trade remedy evasion and ensure CBP's compliance with the law 
as written. Support of Administration efforts to defend the use 
of the criteria established by Congress to identify non-market 
economy countries for the purposes of antidumping cases.
     China. Oversight of Administration strategies to 
respond to or counteract continued high level of government 
intervention in China's economy. Oversight of systemic problems 
in U.S.-China trade relations, including issues related to 
China's compliance with its commitments and adoption of norms 
reflected in the rules of the WTO; labor and environmental 
standards; consistent lack of protection and enforcement of 
U.S. intellectual property rights; excess production capacity 
for steel, aluminum, and many other commodities; indigenous 
innovation requirements; use of subsidies to advance industrial 
policies; and currency policies. Oversight of enforcement 
issues including ensuring that implementation of U.S. trade 
remedy laws appropriately accounts for China's state 
intervention in its economy.
     Preference Programs. Oversight, reform, and 
renewal of major U.S. trade preference programs, including the 
Generalized System of Preferences, the Caribbean Basin 
Initiative, and the African Growth and Opportunity Act that 
incentivize more equitable economic outcomes and benefits for 
disadvantaged groups.
     Labor. Oversight and promotion of Administration 
efforts to enforce labor obligations that promote more 
equitable outcomes and benefits for workers in U.S. trade 
agreements, including the rapid response labor enforcement 
mechanism in the USMCA, preference programs, as well as to 
implement the ban on imports produced as a result of forced 
labor. Continued oversight of U.S. trade agreements under which 
a petition has been filed alleging that the country is not 
complying with the labor obligations in the agreement, 
including Colombia, Peru, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic.
     Environment. Oversight and promotion of 
Administration efforts to enforce environmental obligations in 
U.S. trade agreements, including the U.S.-Mexico Environment 
Cooperation and Customs Verification Agreement. Oversight of 
efforts to address the impact of climate change through use of 
trade tools. Continued oversight of the U.S.-Peru Trade 
Promotion Agreement, which provides for specific, additional 
obligations to address forestry management and trade in 
illegally harvested timber.
     Agriculture. Oversight of Administration efforts 
to enforce agriculture-related obligations of U.S. trade 
agreements and negotiations to remove tariff and unjustified 
non-tariff barriers to U.S. agricultural exports. Continued 
analysis and assessment of the benefits of agriculture trade to 
U.S. farmers, ranchers, workers, rural communities, and 
businesses, and the need to increase U.S. agricultural exports. 
Particular attention on trade impacts on small and specialty 
agriculture producers and those from historically underserved 
communities.
     Manufacturing. Oversight and promotion of 
Administration efforts to enforce provisions relating to and to 
remove tariff and non-tariff barriers to U.S. manufacturing, 
with particular focus on effectively addressing global excess 
production capacity for steel, aluminum, and other commodities. 
Continued analysis and assessment of the impact of 
manufacturing exports to U.S. manufacturers and their 
employees, and the need to increase U.S. manufacturing exports 
that also promote jobs and economic opportunities for diverse 
and multiracial communities.
     Services. Oversight and promotion of 
Administration efforts to enforce provisions relating to and to 
remove barriers to the U.S. services sector. Analysis and 
assessment of the benefits of services to all sectors of the 
U.S. economy and the need to increase U.S. exports. Oversight 
over ``covered agreement'' insurance negotiations.
     Digital Trade and E-commerce. Oversight regarding 
trade barriers faced by U.S. workers, manufacturers, service 
providers, and the agriculture sector in the area of digital 
trade and e-commerce, particularly with respect to data issues 
(localization measures and dataflows). Oversight regarding how 
to address these issues through enforcement and trade 
negotiations.
     World Trade Organization (WTO). Oversight of U.S. 
goals in the WTO, including reform proposals, negotiations 
(including efforts such as the Environmental Goods Agreement, 
Trade in Services Agreement, fisheries subsidies, and e-
commerce), the functioning and reform of the dispute settlement 
system, and WTO accessions (including consideration of 
legislation granting Permanent Normal Trade Relations status 
and graduation from the Jackson-Vanik amendment's 
requirements). Analysis of the impact of WTO membership for the 
United States, including the U.S. experience and record in WTO 
dispute settlement, the role of a rules-based system for U.S. 
producers, workers, businesses, and consumers, and the cost of 
non-compliance or lack of compliance by other WTO members with 
WTO rules. Monitor the progress of WTO members in undertaking 
the domestic processes necessary to bring the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement into force.
     Trade Sanctions. Oversight concerning import 
sanctions with, among others, Iran, Russia, Cuba, North Korea, 
Syria, and Venezuela.
     Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA). Continued 
oversight concerning the Trade Adjustment Assistance programs 
for workers, firms, communities, and farmers, to monitor the 
effectiveness of these programs in providing training and new 
jobs for displaced workers and determine the parameters for 
effective reform and improvement. Oversight concerning whether 
TAA programs effectively reach disproportionately impacted 
worker populations or communities where trade-impacted job loss 
has occurred.
     Priorities of the Office of the United States 
Trade Representative (USTR). Oversight over USTR to evaluate 
priorities for the 117th Congress and the trade agenda, and to 
assure its statutory role with respect to trade policy. 
Possible consideration of authorization, at the earliest 
opportunity. Oversight over trade advisory committees.
     Priorities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
(CBP). Oversight over CBP and implementation of Customs revenue 
functions. Oversight of the implementation of the Enforce and 
Protect Act of 2015 to ensure that the new enforcement tools 
provided in the bill are being fully utilized by CBP, including 
provisions relating to evasion of trade remedy laws and forced 
labor.
     Priorities of the United States International 
Trade Commission (USITC). Oversight over the Commission 
concerning overall priorities and operations. Possible 
consideration of authorization, at the earliest opportunity.

Actions Taken

                        FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On May 13, 2021, the Committee received testimony on the 
``Biden Administration's 2021 Trade Policy Agenda,'' from 
Ambassador Katherine Tai, United States Trade Representative.
    On March 30, 2022, the Committee received testimony on the 
``Biden Administration's 2022 Trade Policy Agenda,'' from 
Ambassador Katherine Tai, United States Trade Representative.
    On May 6, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
``Overcoming Racism to Advance Economic Opportunity,'' from (i) 
Camille Busette, Ph.D. and Director of the Race, Prosperity, 
and Inclusion Initiative at The Brookings Institute; (ii) 
Carmen Rojas, Ph.D. and President and Chief Executive Officer 
of the Marguerite Casey Foundation; (iii) Sung Yeon Choimorrow, 
Executive Director of the National Asian Pacific American 
Women's Forum (NAPAWF); (iv) Daniel Dawes, J.D., Executive 
Director of the Satcher Health Leadership Institute at 
Morehouse School of Medicine; and (v) Alfredo Ortiz, President 
and CEO of the Job Creators Network, affiliated with the 
American Legislative Exchange Council.
    On September 14, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
the ``Future of U.S.-Taiwan Trade,'' from (i) Bonnie Glaser, 
Director of the Asia Program of The German Marshall Fund of the 
United States; (ii) Mark Wu, the Henry L. Stimson Professor of 
Law at Harvard Law School and Faculty Director for the Fairbank 
Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard University; (iii) Shawna 
Bader-Blau, Executive Director with The Solidarity Center; and 
(iv) Russell Boening, President of the Texas Farm Bureau.

                         SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On March 4, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Reauthorizing Trade Adjustment Assistance: 
Opportunities for Equitable Access and Modernization,'' from 
(i) William Spriggs, Chief Economist for the AFL CIO; (ii) 
Shelly Forsberg, TAA Program Manager for the State of Oregon; 
(iii) Andrew Stettner, Senior Fellow at The Century Foundation; 
(iv) Thomas Otto, former participant in the TAA for Workers 
Program; and (v) Mason Bishop, Owner and Principal of WorkED 
Consulting LLC and Visiting Fellow at the American Enterprise 
Institute.
    On April 29, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Advancing U.S. Economic Competitiveness, Equity, 
and Sustainability Through Infrastructure Investments'' from 
(i) Honorable Byron W. Brown, Mayor of Buffalo, New York; (ii) 
Mario Cordero, Executive Director of the Port of Long Beach, 
California; (iii) Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, FAAP, and 
Founder and Director of the Michigan State University and 
Hurley Children's Hospital Pediatric Public Health Initiative; 
(iv) Stan Santos, Legislative Chair for Communications Workers 
of America's Coastal Valley Council; (v) Fawn R. Sharp, 
President of the National Congress of American Indians; (vi) 
Nicol Turner-Lee, Ph.D., Director of the Center for Technology 
Innovation and Senior Fellow for Governance Studies at the 
Brookings Institution; and (vii) Paul Anderson, President/CEO 
of the Tampa Bay Port in Florida.
    On July 17, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``The Global Challenge of Forced Labor in Supply 
Chains: Strengthening Enforcement and Protecting Workers'' from 
(i) Neha Misra, Global Lead for Migration and Human Trafficking 
at the Solidarity Center; (ii) Jennifer Rosenbaum, Executive 
Director, Global Labor Justice-International Labor Rights 
Forum; (iii) Charity Ryerson, Executive Director, Corporate 
Accountability Lab; (iv) Genevieve LeBaron, Professor of 
Politics at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom; 
and (v) Brian Lowry, Senior Vice President of Innovation, 
Regulation, and Trade at the United States Council for 
International Business.
    On November 17, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Strengthening the U.S.-Africa Trade and 
Investment Relationship'' from (i) Florizelle Liser, President 
and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporate Council on Africa; 
(ii) Witney Schneidman, Nonresident Fellow with The Brookings 
Institution; (iii) Rosa Whitaker, President and Chief Executive 
Officer of The Whitaker Group; and (iv) CJ Mahoney, Deputy 
General Counsel with Microsoft.
    On December 2, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Supporting Workers, Businesses, and the 
Environment in the Face of Unfair Chinese Trade Practices'' 
from (i) Kimberly Glas, President and CEO of National Council 
of Textile Organizations; (ii) Roy Houseman, Legislative 
Director of the United Steelworkers; (iii) Dr. Tabitha Mallory, 
Affiliate Professor with the Henry M. Jackson School of 
International Studies at the University of Washington; and (iv) 
Clete Willems, Partner with Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP.
    On December 14, 2022, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Promoting Sustainable Environmental Practices 
through Trade Policy'' from (i) Alexander von Bismarck, 
Executive Director of the Environmental Investigation Agency; 
(ii) Roy Houseman, Legislative Director of the United 
Steelworkers; (iii) Michele Kuruc, Vice President, Ocean Policy 
at World Wildlife Fund; and (iv) Rich Powell, Chief Executive 
Officer of ClearPath.

        OTHER MATTERS UNDER THE COMMITTEE'S TRADE JURISDICTION:

                                 AFRICA

i. Hearing and other meetings

    On October 21, 2021, Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl 
Blumenauer, Representative Vern Buchanan, and Representative 
Dwight Evans participated in the Congressional Plenary Session 
of the 2021 African Growth and Opportunity Act Virtual 
Ministerial Meeting.
    November 17, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Strengthening the U.S.-Africa Trade and 
Investment Relationship,'' as described above.
    Between March 21-25, 2022, Committee on Ways & Means Staff 
Director Brandon Casey led a staff delegation to Kenya to 
collect information to examine Kenya's utilization of the 
African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and explore ways to 
deepen trade and economic ties with Kenya.
    On December 13, 2022, Chair Richard Neal (D-MA), Ranking 
Member Kevin Brady (R-TX), Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl 
Blumenauer (D-OR), Representative Lloyd Doggett (D-TX), 
Representative Dwight Evans (D-PA), Representative Gwen Moore 
(D-WI), and Representative Ron Estes (R-KS) participated in the 
AGOA Ministerial during the U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit.

ii. Reports

    On January 19, 2022, Chair Neal sent a letter to U.S. 
International Trade Commission (USITC) Chair Jason E. Kearns, 
requesting that the Commission initiate a fact-finding 
investigation on AGOA. Specifically, Chair Neal requested an 
overview of the AGOA program and its use, including the role 
that AGOA has played in regional integration in sub-Saharan 
Africa (SSA), as well as the extent to which AGOA has impacted 
workers and underserved communities and contributed to economic 
development--including job growth and poverty reduction--in SSA 
countries. In addition, Chair Neal requested case studies on 
the cotton, apparel, chemical, and cocoa industries in sub-
Saharan Africa. On February 16, 2022, the USITC instituted an 
investigation, pursuant to Section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 
1930.
    On March 16, 2022, USTR sent the Charter and Membership 
Balance Plan for the Trade Advisory Committee on Africa (TACA) 
to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On June 29, 2022, pursuant to Section 110 of the Trade 
Preferences Extension Act of 2015, USTR transmitted the 2022 
Biennial Report on the Implementation of the AGOA to the 
Committee on Ways and Means. The report covers the two-year 
period since the previous report was submitted to the 
Committee. The biennial report addresses certain matters set 
forth in the statute, including an overview of the trade and 
investment relationship between the United States and sub-
Saharan Africa.

           THE UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT (USMCA)

i. Hearings and other meetings

    On May 13, 2021, and March 30, 2022, the Committee received 
testimony on the ``Biden Administration's Trade Policy Agenda'' 
that included testimony regarding the USMCA.

ii. Reports

    In August 2020, pursuant to the USMCA Implementation Act, 
the Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force was required to report 
on the timelines established for responding to petitions 
submitted to the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection (CBP), a component of the Department of Homeland 
Security (DHS), alleging that goods are being imported by or 
with child or forced labor to the Committee on Ways and Means. 
On July 30, 2021, DHS transmitted the report ``Forced Labor 
Enforcement Task Force: Establishing Timelines'' to the 
Committee on Ways and Means. On December 17, 2021, DHS 
transmitted the first Forced Labor Enforcement Taskforce 
(FLETF) report, the second report on February 7, 2022, the 
third report on July 27, 2022, and the fourth report on October 
4, 2022.
    On January 25, 2021, pursuant to section 718 of the USMCA 
Implementation Act, USTR and the Department of Labor, as co-
chairs of the Interagency Labor Committee for Monitoring and 
Enforcement of the USMCA, transmitted the Interagency Labor 
Committee's second report to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On July 1, 2021, pursuant to section 816 of the USMCA 
Implementation Act, USTR transmitted the first annual report on 
the implementation of the USMCA Environment Chapter to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On July 7, 2021, pursuant to section 731 of the USMCA 
Implementation Act, the Independent Mexico Labor Expert Board 
(IMLEB) released its second interim report regarding the 
monitoring and evaluation of Mexico's labor reform and its 
compliance with USCMA labor obligations.
    On July 23, 2021, pursuant to section 718 of the USMCA 
Implementation Act, USTR and the Department of Labor, as co-
chairs of the Interagency Labor Committee for Monitoring and 
Enforcement of the USMCA, transmitted the Interagency Labor 
Committee's third report to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On January 19, 2022, pursuant to section 718 of the USMCA 
Implementation Act, USTR and the Department of Labor, as co-
chairs of the Interagency Labor Committee, transmitted the 
Interagency Labor Committee's fourth report to the Committee on 
Ways and Means.
    On June 30, 2022, pursuant to section 202A(g)(1)(B) of the 
United States-Canada-Mexico Agreement (USMCA) Implementation 
Act (P.L. 116-113), USTR transmitted to Congress the 2022 
report on the operation of the USMCA with respect to automotive 
goods.
    On July 1, 2022, pursuant to section 816 of the USMCA 
Implementation Act, USTR transmitted the annual report on the 
implementation of USMCA Chapter 24 (Environment Chapter) 
enforcement to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On July 18, 2022, pursuant to section 718 of the USMCA 
Implementation Act, USTR and the Department of Labor, as co-
chairs of the Interagency Labor Committee for Monitoring and 
Enforcement of the USMCA, transmitted the Interagency Labor 
Committee's fifth report to the Committee on Ways and Means.

                                 CHINA

i. Legislation

    See H.R. 6256 and H.R. 4521 described under Legislative 
Activity Review of Trade Issues above.

ii. Hearings and other activities

    On May 13, 2021, and March 30, 2022, the Committee received 
testimony on the ``Biden Administration's 2022 Trade Policy 
Agenda'' as described above.
    On December 2, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Supporting Workers, Businesses, and the 
Environment in the Face of Unfair Chinese Trade Practices'' as 
described above.

iii. Reports

    On January 15, 2021, pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-
China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-286), 22 U.S.C. 6951, 
USTR transmitted its report on China's WTO Compliance to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On March 4, 2021, pursuant to Section 5 of the Taiwan 
Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative 
(TAIPEI) Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-135), the Department of State 
transmitted a report on strengthening ties with Taiwan.
    In January 2022, the USITC transmitted its report on 
Foreign Censorship, Part 1: Policies and Practices Affecting 
U.S. Businesses (USITC Pub. No. 5244, Inv. No. 332-585), to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On February 15, 2022, pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-
China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-286), 22 U.S.C. 6951, 
USTR transmitted its report on China's WTO Compliance to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On June 17, 2022, pursuant to P.L. 117-78 Section 2(c), the 
Department of Homeland Security's Forced Labor Enforcement Task 
Force, the Department of Commerce, and the Director of National 
Intelligence (DNI) transmitted an enforcement strategy on goods 
made with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 
of the People's Republic of China.
    In July 2022, the USITC transmitted its report on Foreign 
Censorship, Part 2: Trade and Economic Effects on U.S. 
Businesses (Investigation No. 332-586), to the Committee on 
Ways and Means.
    Throughout the 117th Congress, USTR transmitted Federal 
Register Notices related to tariff exclusions, and a four-year 
review of tariff actions (in the Section 301 investigation of 
China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology 
Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation) to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.

                                 EUROPE

    On May 13, 2021, and March 30, 2022, the Committee received 
testimony on the Biden Administration's Trade Policy Agenda. 
These hearings included testimony on U.S.-European Union (EU) 
and U.S.-United Kingdom trade relations and dialogues, 
including the U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council, U.S.-EU. 
Arrangements on Global Steel and Aluminum Excess Capacity and 
Carbon Intensity, the Joint U.S.-EU Cooperative Framework for 
Large Civil Aircraft, and the U.S.-UK Dialogues on the Future 
of Atlantic Trade.
    In May 2022, Committee Chair Richard E. Neal led a 
bipartisan congressional delegation to Belgium, the United 
Kingdom, and Ireland to meet with government officials to 
discuss Transatlantic trade relations and implementation of the 
Protocol on Ireland and Northern Ireland, part of the EU-UK 
Withdrawal Agreement.
    From October 1-7, 2022, Chair Neal led a Congressional 
delegation to Europe Command and Africa Command in Stuttgart, 
Germany and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, 
Switzerland to meet with government and non-government 
officials to discuss bilateral, plurilateral, and multilateral 
economic initiatives, including actions related to the Russian 
war in Ukraine, as well as discuss U.S. participation in the 
WTO and the International Labor Organization.

                      TRADE ENFORCEMENT PRIORITIES

    In January 2021, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974 as 
amended, USTR transmitted the findings of its 2020 Review of 
Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On February 2, 2021, the Department of Commerce and USTR 
transmitted the Annual Report to Congress on Subsidies 
Enforcement, pursuant to 281(f)(4) of the Uruguay Round 
Agreements Act.
    In March 2021, pursuant to Section 163 of the Trade Act of 
1974 as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213), USTR transmitted the 2021 
Trade Policy Agenda and the 2020 Annual Report of the President 
of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    In March 2021, pursuant to section 1304 of the Omnibus 
Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 as amended, USTR 
transmitted the 2021 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign 
Trade Barriers to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    In April 2021, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974 as 
amended, USTR transmitted the 2021 Special 301 Report to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    In April 2021, pursuant to the Omnibus Trade and 
Competitiveness Act of 1988, (22 U.S.C. 5305), and Section 701 
of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, 
(19 U.S.C. 4421), the Department of the Treasury transmitted 
its report on developments in international economic and 
exchange rate policies to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On April 16, 2021, the Department of the Treasury 
transmitted its Report to Congress on the Macroeconomic and 
Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the 
United States.
    In July 2021, pursuant to section 601 of the Trade 
Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (section 310 of 
the Trade Act of 1974), USTR transmitted its 2021 Trade 
Enforcement Priorities Report to the Committee on Ways and 
Means.
    In September 2021, in accordance with section 412 of the 
Trade and Development Act of 2000, the Department of Labor 
submitted a report titled ``2021 Findings on the Worst Forms of 
Child Labor'' to Congress.
    On October 7, 2021, the Department of Labor and USTR 
transmitted the Second Periodic Review of Progress on Issues 
Identified in the U.S. Department of Labor's Public Report of 
Review of Submission 2016-02 (Colombia) under the United 
States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement to the Committee on 
Ways and Means.
    In December 2021, pursuant to the Omnibus Trade and 
Competitiveness Act of 1988, (22 U.S.C. 5305), and Section 701 
of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, 
(19 U.S.C. 4421), the Department of the Treasury transmitted 
its report on developments in international economic and 
exchange rate policies to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On February 1, 2022, the Department of Commerce and USTR 
transmitted the Annual Report on Subsidies Enforcement to 
Congress pursuant to section 281(f)(4) of the Uruguay Round 
Agreements Act.
    On February 16, 2022, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, as 
amended, USTR transmitted the findings of its 2021 Review of 
Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On March 1, 2022, pursuant to Section 163 of the Trade Act 
of 1974, as amended, (19 U.S.C. 2213), USTR transmitted the 
2022 Trade Policy Agenda and the 2021 Annual Report of the 
President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program 
to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On March 31, 2022, pursuant to section 1304 of the Omnibus 
Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, USTR transmitted the 
2022 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers 
to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    In April 2022, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, as 
amended, USTR transmitted the 2020 Special 301 Report to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On June 10, 2022, pursuant to the Omnibus Trade and 
Competitiveness Act of 1988, (22 U.S.C. 5305), and Section 701 
of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, 
(19 U.S.C. 4421), the Department of Treasury transmitted its 
report on developments in international economic and exchange 
rate policies to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    From July 7-9, 2022, Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl 
Blumenauer led a Congressional delegation to the Dominican 
Republic to investigate reports of forced labor in sugarcane 
production and a prior labor complaint under the United States-
Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement.
    On July 29, 2022, pursuant to Section 601 of the Trade 
Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, USTR 
transmitted to the Committee its 2022 Trade Enforcement 
Priorities Report.
    From July 30-September 7, 2022, Staff Director Brandon 
Casey led a bipartisan staff delegation to Peru to collect 
factual information to better examine the implementation of the 
U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement and explore ways to deepen 
trade and economic ties with Peru among other issues.
    In September 2022, pursuant to section 7112 of the 
Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, the 
Department of Labor submitted a report titled ``2022 List of 
Goods Produced by Child or Forced Labor'' to Congress.
    On September 22, 2022, the Department of Homeland Security 
and United States Postal Service transmitted to the Committee 
the Joint Strategic Plan on Mandatory Advance Information 
pursuant to the provisions set forth in the STOP Act of 2018 
(P.L. 115-271).
    From October 8-15, 2022, Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl 
Blumenauer led a Congressional delegation to Colombia and Chile 
to examine the implementation of current U.S. trade agreements 
with Colombia and Chile and assess opportunities to strengthen 
economic ties that promote labor and environmental standards
    On November 30, 2022, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 
Sec. 801(a)(2)(A), the Government Accountability Office 
transmitted to the Committee a report on a major rule proposed 
by the International Trade Administration entitled ``Procedures 
Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties 
in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414'' (USITC Pub. 
No. B-334620).
    On November 30, 2022, in accordance with the Inspector 
General Act of 1978, as amended the Department of Treasury 
transmitted its Semiannual Inspector General Report for the 
six-month period ending September 30, 2022.
    In November 2022, pursuant to the Omnibus Trade and 
Competitiveness Act of 1988, (22 U.S.C. 5305), and Section 701 
of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, 
(19 U.S.C. 4421), the Department of the Treasury transmitted 
its report on developments in international economic and 
exchange rate policies to the Committee on Ways and Means.

                             TRADE REMEDIES

    In July 2021, pursuant to Section 809(b) of Title VII of 
the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, the Department of Commerce 
transmitted the Administration's Semiannual Softwood Lumber 
Subsidies Report to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On December 22, 2021, pursuant to Section 809(b) of Title 
VII of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, the Department of 
Commerce transmitted the Administration's Semiannual Softwood 
Lumber Subsidies Report to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    In July 2022, pursuant to Section 809(b) of Title VII of 
the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, the Department of Commerce 
transmitted the Administration's Semiannual Softwood Lumber 
Subsidies Report to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On August 25, 2022, pursuant to Section 3301 of Title III, 
Trade, Subtitle D, of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008 (P.L. No. 110-246), CBP transmitted its report on the 
importation of Softwood Lumber Report to Congress.
    On December 30, 2022, pursuant to Section 809(b) of Title 
VII of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, the Department of 
Commerce transmitted the Administration's Semiannual Softwood 
Lumber Subsidies Report to the Committee on Ways and Means.

OTHER TARIFF ACTIONS TAKEN UNDER SECTION 232 OF THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT 
                    AND SECTION 301 OF THE TRADE ACT

    On May 13, 2021, and March 30, 2022, the Committee received 
testimony on the ``Biden Administration's Trade Policy Agenda'' 
as described above. These hearings included testimony on 
sections 232 and 301 tariff actions.
    On May 5, 2022, the USITC notified Congress it instituted 
Investigation No. 332 591, ``Economic Impact of Section 232 and 
301 Tariffs on U.S. Industries,'' under section 332(g) of the 
Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. Sec. 1332(g)), in response to the 
explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2022, that was signed into law on March 15, 
2022, requesting a report investigating the impact of the 
active section 232 and 301 tariffs.
    On January 21, 2022, USTR transmitted to Chairman Neal a 
written statement of action taken on the recommendations in the 
report of the Government Accountability Office entitled ``U.S.-
China Trade: USTR Should Fully Document Internal Procedures for 
Making Tariff Exclusion and Extension Decisions'' (GA-21-505) 
issued July 28, 2021.

                          PREFERENCE PROGRAMS

i. Legislation

    See H.R. 3975 described under Legislative Activity Review 
of Trade Issues above.

ii. Hearings and other activities

    On May 13, 2021, and March 30, 2022, the Committee received 
testimony on the ``Biden Administration's 2022 Trade Policy 
Agenda'' as described above. These hearings included testimony 
on U.S. preference programs.
    On October 21, 2021, Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl 
Blumenauer, Representative Vern Buchanan, and Representative 
Dwight Evans, participated in the Congressional Plenary Session 
of the 2021 AGOA Forum.
    On November 17, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Strengthening the U.S.-Africa Trade and 
Investment Relationship,'' as described above.
    On January 19, 2022, Chair Neal sent a letter to USITC 
Chair Jason E. Kearns, requesting that the Commission initiate 
a fact-finding investigation on AGOA. Specifically, Chair Neal 
requested an overview of the AGOA program and its use, 
including the role that AGOA has played in regional integration 
in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as well as the extent to which 
AGOA has impacted workers and underserved communities, and 
contributed to economic development--including job growth and 
poverty reduction--in SSA countries. In addition, Chair Neal 
requested case studies on the cotton, apparel, chemicals, and 
cocoa industries in SSA.
    On February 22, 2022, Chair Neal sent a letter to USITC 
Chair Jason E. Kearns, requesting that the Commission initiate 
a fact-finding investigation on the U.S. trade preference 
programs for Haiti. Specifically, Chair Neal requested an 
overview of the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through 
Partnership Encouragement (HOPE) Act of 2006, HOPE II of 2008, 
the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) in 2010, as well as the 
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) and Caribbean 
Basin Initiative (CBI) impact on Haiti's economy and workers. 
In addition, Chair Neal requested case studies on apparel, 
tropical fruits, and sporting goods, including baseballs, 
basketballs, and softballs.
    Between March 21-25, 2022, Committee on Ways & Means Staff 
Director Brandon Casey led a staff delegation to Kenya to 
collect information to examine Kenya's utilization of the 
African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and explore ways to 
deepen trade and economic ties with Kenya.
    On December 13, 2022, Chair Richard Neal (D-MA), Ranking 
Member Kevin Brady (R-TX), Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl 
Blumenauer (D-OR), Representative Lloyd Doggett (D-TX), 
Representative Dwight Evans (D-PA), Representative Gwen Moore 
(D-WI), and Representative Ron Estes (R-KS) participated in the 
AGOA Ministerial during the U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit.

iii. Reports

    In February 2021, pursuant to Section 915(e) of the Trade 
Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, USTR 
transmitted its annual report to Congress on the trade 
preferences for Nepal to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On June 18, 2021, pursuant to section 213A(e)(5) of the 
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as amended by the 
Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership 
Encouragement Act of 2008 (HOPE II), USTR transmitted to 
Congress the thirteenth annual report on the implementation of 
the Technical Assistance Improvement and Compliance Needs 
Assessment and Remediation (TAICNAR) program.
    In September 2021, as required by section 215 of the 
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as amended (19 U.S.C. 
2704), the USITC transmitted the Caribbean Basin Economic 
Recovery Act: Impact on U.S. Industries and Consumers and on 
Beneficiary Countries to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On December 20, 2021, USTR transmitted the 14th annual 
report on the Operation of the Caribbean Basin Economic 
Recovery Act to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On February 24, 2022, pursuant to Section 915(e) of the 
Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, USTR 
transmitted its annual report to Congress on trade preferences 
for Nepal to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On March 16, 2022, USTR sent the Charter and Membership 
Balance Plan for the Trade Advisory Committee on Africa (TACA) 
to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    On June 17, 2022, pursuant to section 213A(e)(5) of the 
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as amended by the 
Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership 
Encouragement Act of 2008 (HOPE II), USTR transmitted to 
Congress the fourteenth annual report on the implementation of 
the Technical Assistance Improvement and Compliance Needs 
Assessment and Remediation (TAICNAR) program.
    On June 29, 2022, pursuant to Section 110 of the Trade 
Preferences Extension Act of 2015, USTR transmitted the 2022 
Biennial Report on the Implementation of the AGOA to the 
Committee on Ways and Means. The report covers the two-year 
period since the previous report was submitted to the 
Committee. The biennial report addresses certain matters set 
forth in the statute, including an overview of the trade and 
investment relationship between the U.S. and sub-Saharan 
Africa.
    On September 15, 2022, the USITC transmitted the 20th 
report on the Andean Trade Preference Act to the Committee on 
Ways and Means.
    On December 23, 2033, the USITC released a report 
concerning the impact of U.S. preference programs on Haiti's 
economy and workers, which was requested by the Committee on 
Ways and Means.

                      TRADE ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE

    The Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers Program expired 
on June 30, 2022.

i. Legislation

    On February 4, 2022, the House passed H.R. 4521, the 
America COMPETES Act, which includes provisions to authorize 
and modify Trade Adjustment Assistance programs.

ii. Hearings

    On March 4, 2021, the Subcommittee on Trade received 
testimony on ``Reauthorizing Trade Adjustment Assistance: 
Opportunities for Equitable Access and Modernization.''

iii. Reports

    On April 2, 2021, pursuant to Section 249B(d) of the Trade 
Act of 1974, as amended, (19 USC 2323(d), the Department of 
Labor transmitted its FY2020 report to the Committee that, 
among other things, summarizes data collected by the Department 
on the TAA Program.
    On April 13, 2022, pursuant to Section 249B(d) of the Trade 
Act of 1974, as amended, (19 USC 2323(d), the Department of 
Labor transmitted its FY2021 report to the Committee that, 
among other things, summarizes data collected by the Department 
on the TAA Program.

                     WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)

i. Legislation

    See H.R. 4521 described under Legislative Activity Review 
of Trade Issues above.

ii. Hearings and other activities

    On May 13, 2021, and March 30, 2022, the Committee received 
testimony on the ``Biden Administration's 2022 Trade Policy 
Agenda'' as described above. These hearings included testimony 
on matters relating to the WTO.
    On September 23, 2021, Trade Subcommittee Chair Earl 
Blumenauer hosted a roundtable with WTO Director-General Dr. 
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala to discuss matters relating to the WTO.
    From June 12-18, 2022, Chief Trade Counsel and Trade Staff 
Director Alexandra Whittaker led a bipartisan staff delegation 
to the WTO Ministerial Conference in Geneva, Switzerland.
    From October 4-7, 2022, Chair Neal led a Congressional 
delegation to the WTO in Geneva, Switzerland as described in 
the Europe section above.

iii. Reports

    On January 15, 2021, pursuant to section 201(a) of the 
Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky 
Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-208), USTR 
transmitted a report on Russia's WTO Compliance to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On January 15, 2021, pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-
China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-286), 22 U.S.C. 6951, the 
USTR transmitted its report on China's WTO Compliance to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On December 20, 2021, pursuant to Section 201 of the Russia 
and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of 
Law Accountability Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-208), USTR transmitted 
a report to Congress on Russia's WTO Compliance.
    On February 15, 2022, pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-
China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-286), 22 U.S.C. 6951, the 
USTR transmitted its report on China's WTO Compliance to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    In February 2022, pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-China 
Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-286), (22 U.S.C. 6951), USTR 
transmitted a report on China's WTO Compliance to the Committee 
on Ways and Means.
    On December 20, 2022, pursuant to Section 201 of the Russia 
and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of 
Law Accountability Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-208), USTR transmitted 
its 2022 report to Congress on Russia's WTO Compliance.

                              AGRICULTURE

    On May 13, 2021, and March 30, 2022, the Committee received 
testimony on the Biden Administration's Trade Policy Agenda. 
These hearings included testimony on matters related to 
agricultural trade issues.

                    MISCELLANEOUS TARIFF BILL (MTB)

    H.R. 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022, passed by the 
House on February 4, 2022, provides temporary duty suspensions 
or reductions for eligible imported products through December 
31, 2023 and extends the American Manufacturing Competitiveness 
Act of 2016 for two future MTB cycles (one in 2022 and one in 
2025).

                            TRADE SANCTIONS

i. Legislation

    See Ending Importation of Russian Oil Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-
109) and Suspending Normal Trade Relations with Russia and 
Belarus Act (P.L. 117-110) described under Legislative Activity 
Review of Trade Issues above.

a. Iran

    On February 14, 2022, pursuant to Section 109 of the 
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) 
(P.L. 115-44), the Department of State transmitted a report on 
the coordination of Iran-related sanctions between the United 
States and the European Union.
    On May 27, 2022, pursuant to Section 105(A)-(B) of the 
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment 
Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-95), as amended by the Iran Threat 
Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-158), 
the Department of State transmitted a report on persons 
responsible for or complicit in certain human rights abuses in 
Iran.
    On October 11, 2022, pursuant to Section 110 of the 
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment 
Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-195), the Department of State transmitted 
a report on investments in the energy sector in Iran to the 
Committee on Ways and Means.
    On October 20, 2022, pursuant to section 506 of the Iran 
Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-
158), the Department of State transmitted a report identifying 
the international organizations and entities of which Iran is a 
member, and that received contributions from the United States 
in FY2021.
    On November 8, 2022, pursuant to Sections 301 and 302 of 
the Iran Threat Reduction and Human Rights Act of 2012, the 
Department of Treasury transmitted a report regarding the 
identification of, and imposition of sanctions with respect to 
officials, agents, and affiliates of Iran's Islamic 
Revolutionary Guard Corps and foreign persons identified since 
April 18, 2018, as providing support and services or engaging 
in a significant transaction with a person subject to financial 
sanctions.
    On November 17, 2022, pursuant to Section 10(a) of the Iran 
Sanctions Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-172), the Department of State 
transmitted a report on Iran-Related Multilateral Sanctions 
Regime Efforts.

b. North Korea

    On December 1, 2022, pursuant to Section 317 of the 
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act of 2017 
(P.L. 115-44), the Department of State transmitted a report on 
the implementation of United Nations Security Council 
resolutions by other governments, in relation to North Korea.

c. Other

    On April 16, 2021, the Department of Treasury transmitted 
to the Committee on Ways and Means, on behalf of the Secretary 
of the Treasury and in accordance with the Federal Advisory 
Committee Act, Public Law 92-463 a renewal charter for Advisory 
Committee on Risk-Sharing Mechanisms.
    On May 26, 2021, the Government Accountability Office 
transmitted to Congress a draft report entitled Conflict 
Minerals: 2020 Company SEC Filings on Mineral Sources Were 
Similar to Those from Prior Years (GAO-21-531), the annual 
review of Congo conflict minerals conducted under Section 1502 
of Dodd-Frank.
    On September 8, 2021, pursuant to Section 304 of P.L. 102-
138, as amended by P.L. 103-236 (22 USC Sec. 2656g), the 
Department of Treasury transmitted a report on the nature and 
extent of assets held in the U.S. by terrorism-supporting 
countries and organizations engaged in international terrorism.
    On August 1, 2022, pursuant to Sections 5 and 12 of the 
Clean Diamond Act, the Department of State transmitted a report 
describing the 2021 performance of the U.S. Kimberley Process 
Authority and the rough diamond export control measures of 
countries participating in the Kimberley Process Certification 
Scheme that exported rough diamonds to the United States in 
2021, respectively.
    On September 14, 2022, in response to concerns expressed 
about peace and security in the Democratic Republic of the 
Congo (DRC) in the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and 
Consumer Protection Act, the Government Accountability Office 
transmitted a report describing the how companies responded to 
the SEC conflict minerals disclosure rule when filing in 2021 
and any progress made toward achieving improved peace and 
security.
    On October 21, 2022, the Department of State transmitted to 
the Committee documentation providing a detailed description of 
the credible evidence supporting the change in tier ranking of 
those countries listed as Tier 3 in the 2018 Trafficking in 
Persons Report and subsequently listed as Tier 2 Watch List in 
the 2019 Report, pursuant to Section 106(b)(6) of TPA, as 
amended.

   PRIORITIES OF THE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE

    In May 2021, USTR transmitted to the Committee its Budget 
Request for FY2022.
    On April 1, 2022, USTR transmitted to the Committee its 
Budget Request for FY2023.

              PRIORITIES OF CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION

    In August 2021, Customs and Border Protection transmitted 
to the Committee its annual report regarding Antidumping and 
Countervailing Duty Enforcement Actions and Compliance 
Initiatives: FY 2020.

                   OTHER U.S. TRADE POLICY PRIORITIES

    On January 19, 2021, the Department of Commerce Bureau of 
Industry and Security submitted its annual report for FY20.
    On January 25, 2021, the USITC transmitted to Chairman Neal 
a copy of its report following Investigation No. 332 574, 
Renewable Electricity: Potential Economic Effects of Increased 
Commitments in Massachusetts, conducted under section 332(g) of 
the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. Sec. 1332(g)).
    On August 3, 2021, pursuant to Section 16 of the Foreign-
Trade Zones Act, as amended, the Department of Commerce 
submitted to the Committee its annual report for the year 2020 
on Foreign-Trade Zone operations and the activities of the 
Foreign-Trade Zones Board.
    On September 7, 2021, pursuant to Section 163(c) of the 
Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. Sec. 2213(c), the USITC 
transmitted to the Committee its 72nd report on ``The Year in 
Trade 2020: Operation of the Trade Agreements Program.''
    On December 13, 2021, the USITC transmitted to the 
Committee the Commission's 21st Century Integrated Digital 
Experience Act (21st Century IDEA) submission, which describes 
the websites and digital services that the public views or 
utilizes most frequently or that are otherwise important for 
public engagement.
    On March 1, 2022, the USITC transmitted its Fiscal Year 
2021 Annual Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 
2014 (FISMA) Submission to the Committee.
    On May 23, 2022, in accordance with the Inspector General 
Act of 1978, as amended, the USITC transmitted its Semiannual 
Inspector General Report for the six-month period ending March 
31, 2022.
    On June 30, 2022, pursuant to Section 307(b) of the Asia 
Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-409), the 
Department of State transmitted a report to Congress on the 
Lower Mekong Initiative from January 2021 through April 2022.
    On August 23, 2022, pursuant to Section 16 of the Foreign-
Trade Zones Act, as amended, the Department of Commerce 
submitted to the Committee its annual report for the year 2021 
on Foreign-Trade Zone operations and the activities of the 
Foreign-Trade Zones Board.
    From September 7-10, Trade Counsel Jorge Rueda led a staff 
delegation to Los Angeles, California to consult with the U.S. 
executive branch officials and foreign government officials 
during an Indo-Pacific Economic Framework negotiation round.
    From November 13-18, Trade Counsel Kelly Fay Rodriguez led 
a bipartisan staff delegation to Bangkok, Thailand to 
participate in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 
Annual Economic Leaders' Meeting.
    On November 14, 2022, the USITC transmitted to the 
Committee a report on the ``Distributional Effects of Goods and 
Services Trade and Trade Policy on U.S. Workers'' in response 
to U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai's letter requesting 
that the Commission conduct a two-part investigation on the 
matter.
    On November 15, 2022, the USITC transmitted its FY 2022 
Agency Financial Report to the Committee.
    From December 9-16, 2022, International Trade Policy 
Advisor David Giordano led a staff delegation to Brisbane, 
Australia to consult with the U.S. executive branch officials, 
foreign government officials, and stakeholders during an Indo-
Pacific Economic Framework negotiation round.
    On December 20, 2022, the USITC transmitted to the 
Committee the Commission's 21st Century Integrated Digital 
Experience Act (21st Century IDEA) submission, which describes 
the websites and digital services that the public views or 
utilizes most frequently or that are otherwise important for 
public engagement.

               3. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES

Matters under the Committee's Federal Budget Jurisdiction

     Economic and Budget Outlook. Oversight hearings 
and other activities with various Administration officials to 
discuss the President's budget proposals, current economic and 
budget conditions, and limits on the public debt.

Matters under the Committee's Tax Jurisdiction

     Tax Reform. Hearings and other activities related 
to comprehensive reform of the tax code to create a fairer, 
simpler tax code built for growth. Discuss and consider 
appropriate tax relief for families and individuals and 
employers of all sizes.
     Priorities of the Department of the Treasury. 
Hearings with the Treasury Secretary and other Administration 
officials to receive information regarding the Administration's 
tax-related priorities for the 117th Congress. Specifically, 
discuss and consider legislative and administrative proposals 
contained in the President's fiscal year 2022 and 2023 budgets.
     Infrastructure. Hearings and other activities 
related to robust investment in American infrastructure 
directed at modernizing how Americans travel, how the American 
economy grows, and creating good jobs and meaningful economic 
development at the local, state, and federal levels. 
Examination of provisions within the Committee's jurisdiction 
to invest in underdeveloped areas, including bond-financing 
programs and tax credit incentives.
     Climate. Hearings and other activities relating to 
how tax provisions can reduce emissions to meet international 
climate reduction goals, lower energy and fuel costs for 
consumers, promote good-paying jobs, and reinvest in 
underserved communities.
     Internal Revenue Service Operations/Administration 
of Tax Laws. Oversight of the major Internal Revenue Service 
programs, including enforcement, collection, taxpayer services, 
returns processing, and information systems. Continue oversight 
over major operating areas of the agency to ensure the nation's 
tax laws are being administered in a fair and impartial manner. 
Consider analyses and reports provided to the Congress by the 
IRS National Taxpayer Advocate, Treasury Inspector General for 
Tax Administration (TIGTA), and the Government Accountability 
Office (GAO). Oversight of IRS funding and staffing levels 
needed to provide taxpayer assistance, enforce the tax law 
effectively and efficiently, and to modernize the IRS 
information technology systems. Evaluate tax return filing 
seasons, including returns processing, availability of taxpayer 
services, and the revision of forms and issuance of guidance. 
Examine proposals and programs to address the ``tax gap'' and 
improve tax law compliance. Discuss proposed funding and 
staffing levels for the IRS, and legislative proposals and 
administrative proposals contained in the President's fiscal 
year 2022 and 2023 budgets.
     Tax-Exempt Organizations. Oversight of Federal tax 
laws, regulations, and filing requirements that affect tax-
exempt organizations, including new requirements under the Act. 
Evaluate overall IRS efforts to provide assistance to and 
monitor tax-exempt organizations, identify areas of 
noncompliance, prevent abuse, and ensure timely disclosure to 
the public about tax-exempt organization activities and 
finances.
     Tax Code Simplificatjon. Oversight of tax code 
complexity, particularly for individuals, with the goal of 
legislative or administrative simplification. Review areas 
where taxpayers and professional return preparers have 
difficulty, including areas where they make the most errors, 
and consider solutions. Evaluate simplification of information 
returns to assist taxpayers in determining taxable income.
     Direct Payment Programs. Oversight of the IRS 
administration of tax code provisions requiring direct payments 
to individuais, such as the Economic Impact Payments under 
Internal Revenue Code sections 6428, 6428A, and 6428B, and the 
advance Child Tax Credit payments under Internal Revenue Code 
7527A.
     Refundable Income Tax Credits. Oversight of the 
refundable federal income tax credits designed to assist low to 
moderate-income working individuals and families, such as the 
Child Tax Credit, Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Child and 
Dependent Care Tax Credit. Evaluate participation rates and 
administration of the credit.
     Tax Scams and Improper Payments. Oversight of the 
latest tax scams and tax fraud activities with a goal of 
protecting taxpayers and preventing identity theft. Examine IRS 
programs designed to identify and remedy identity theft and tax 
fraud. Consult and review analyses of GAO and TIGTA on this 
subject.
     Federal Excise Taxes and Related Trust Funds. 
Oversight review of Federal excise taxes, including credits and 
refunds, and the trust funds manced by these taxes.
     Pensions and Retirement Security. Oversight review 
of the financial condition, operations, and governance of the 
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), including the 
financial exposure the PBGC.
     Tax Returns. Oversight of legislative proposals 
and tax law related to Presidential and Vice-Presidential tax 
returns.

Actions Taken

                        FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On March 23, 2021, the Committee received testimony from 
Members of Congress focused on various tax measures, including 
the State and Local Tax deduction, the Child Tax Credit and 
Earned Income Tax Credit, investment tax credits, and green 
energy tax credits. Members offering testimony were: (i) 
Representative Ryan of Ohio; (ii) Representative Sherill of New 
Jersey; (iii) Representative Norton of the District of 
Columbia; (iv) Representative Frankel of Florida; (v) 
Representative Phillips of Minnesota; Representative Malinowski 
of New Jersey; (vi) Representative Langevin of Rhode Island; 
(vii) Representative Sablan of the Northern Mariana Islands; 
(viii) Representative Gottheimer of New Jersey; (ix) 
Representative Craig of Minnesota; (x) Representative Brownley 
of California; (xi) Representative Peters of California; (xii) 
Representative Schrader of Oregon; (xiii) Representative Beatty 
of Ohio; (xiv) Representative Titus of Nevada; (xv) 
Representative Barragan of California; (xvi) Representative 
Bass of California; (xvii) Representative Deutch of Florida; 
(xviii) Representative Porter of California; and (xix) 
Representative Underwood of Illinois.
    On May 19, 2021, the Committee received testimony on 
``Leveraging the Tax Code for Infrastructure Investment'' from: 
(i) Dr. Khalil Shahyd, Senior Policy Advisor, National Resource 
Defense Council; (ii) Michael J. Novogradac, Managing Partner, 
Novogradac; (iii) The Honorable Rachael Eubanks, Treasurer, 
State of Michigan; (iv) The Honorable Stephen R. Lewis, 
Governor, Gila River Indian Community; and (v) Dr. Adrian 
Moore, Vice President of Policy, Reason Foundation.
    On June 17, 2021, the Committee received testimony on the 
President's fiscal year 2022 budget proposal from the Honorable 
Janet Yellen, Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
    On April 6, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
``Overcoming Racism to Advance Economic Opportunity'' from: (i) 
Camille Busette, Ph.D., Director of the Race, Prosperity, and 
Inclusion Initiative, Brookings; (ii) Carmen Rojas, Ph.D., 
President and Chief Executive Officer, Marguerite Casey 
Foundation; (iii) Sung Yeon Choimorrow, M.Div., Executive 
Director, National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum; (iv) 
Daniel E. Dawes, J.D., Executive Director, Satcher Health 
Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine; and (v) 
Alfredo Ortiz, M.B.A., President and CEO, Job Creators Network, 
affiliated with the American Legislative Exchange Council.
    On June 8, 2022, the Committee received testimony on the 
President's fiscal year 2023 budget proposal from the Honorable 
Janet Yellen, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Treasury.
    On July 13, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
``Nowhere to Live: Profits, Disinvestment, and the American 
Housing Crisis'' from: (i) Dr. Elora Lee Raymond, Urban Planner 
and Assistant Professor in the School of City and Regional 
Planning in the College of Design at Georgia Tech; (ii) Dr. 
Akilah Watkins, President and Chief Executive Officer for the 
Center for Community Progress; (iii) Dr. Christopher Herbert, 
Managing Director, Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard 
University; (iv) Audra Hamernik, President and CEO of Nevada 
HAND in Las Vegas, NV; and (v) Edward J. Pinto, Senior Fellow 
and Director of the American Enterprise Institute Housing 
Center.

                         SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS:

    On March 11, 2021, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue 
Measures received testimony on ``Tax Tools to Help Local 
Governments'' from: (i) the Honorable Stephen K. Benjamin, 
Mayor, Columbia, South Carolina; (ii) the Honorable Kevin 
Boyce, Franklin County of Commissioners, Chair of the Finance, 
Pensions and Intergovernmental Affairs Steering Committee, 
National Association of Counties; (iii) Elizabeth Reich, Chief 
Financial Officer, City of Dallas; (iv) Randy Howard, General 
Manager, Northern California Power Agency; and (v) Michael 
Hendrix, Director of State and Local Policy at Manhattan 
Institute.
    On May 12, 2021, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue 
Measures received testimony on ``Funding our Nation's 
Priorities: Reforming the Tax Code's Advantageous Treatment of 
the Wealthy'' from: (i) Adam Looney, Professor, Executive 
Director of the Marriner S. Eccles Institute for Economics and 
Quantitative Analysis, University of Utah; (ii) Jason Oh, Tax 
Law Professor, University of California Los Angeles School of 
Law; (iii) Harry L. ``Hank'' Gutman, Chief of Staff (Retired), 
Joint Committee on Taxation; (iv) Chye-Ching Huang, Executive 
Director, New York University Tax Law Center; and (v) Chris 
Edwards, Director of Tax Policy Studies, Cato Institute.
    On June 10, 2021, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue 
Measures and the Subcommittee on Oversight received testimony 
on ``Minding the Tax Gap: Improving Tax Administration for the 
21st Century'' from: (i) Mark Mazur, Deputy Assistant Secretary 
for Tax Policy, U.S. Department of Treasury; (ii) Doug 
O'Donnell, Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement, 
Internal Revenue Service; (iii) Dr. Janet Holtzblatt, Senior 
Fellow, Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center; (iv) Steven Dean, 
Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law School; and (v) Nina Olson, 
Executive Director, Center for Taxpayer Rights.
    On February 15, 2022, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue 
Measures received testimony on ``Examining the Economic Impact 
of Federal Infrastructure Investment'' from: (i) Dr. Shawn 
Wilson, Secretary, Louisiana Department of Transportation and 
Development; (ii) Victoria Sheehan, Commissioner, New Hampshire 
Department of Transportation; (iii) Joung Lee, Deputy Director 
and Chief Policy Officer, American Association of State Highway 
and Transportation Officials; (iv) Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, 
FAAP, Michigan State University; and (v) Mark McClymonds, 
President, McClymonds Supply & Transit Co., Inc.

              4. SUBCOMMITTEE ON WORKER AND FAMILY SUPPORT

     Family and Medical Leave. Review proposals in the 
Committee's jurisdiction to provide paid family and medical 
leave to workers in order to improve economic and family 
outcomes.
     Child Care and Home Visiting. Provide oversight of 
existing child care and home visiting programs within the 
Committee's jurisdiction and consider proposals to improve 
access for families and improve program administration to 
improve child and parent outcomes.
     Unemployment Compensation. Provide oversight of 
the nation's unemployment compensation benefits and financing 
systems, including temporary programs enacted during the 
pandemic to ensure that workers have equitable access to earned 
benefits and receive them timely, prevent fraud, and ensure 
that the system is prepared for future recessions.
     Child Welfare. Provide oversight of the nation's 
child welfare programs, including foster care, adoption 
assistance, and child and family service programs under Titles 
IV-B and IV-E of the Social Security Act. Review state efforts 
to promote adoption, provide prevention services, decrease the 
inappropriate use of congregate care settings, strengthen 
family connections, and successfully address the health and 
educational needs of foster children.
     Work Support. Review proposals designed to better 
support low-income families in working and increasing their 
earnings so they can escape poverty, including programs and 
policies that help parents qualify for, obtain, and retain good 
jobs.

                       OVERSIGHT ACTIVITY REVIEW

Foster Care Nondiscrimination Requirements

    During the 116th Congress, the Committee began an 
investigation into state-sanctioned discrimination by foster 
care and adoption contractors. In October 2019, Worker and 
Family Support Subcommittee Chair Danny K. Davis and Oversight 
Subcommittee Chair John Lewis requested the Government 
Accountability Office (GAO) conduct a study of state policies 
and requirements regarding discrimination against children and 
prospective parents in child welfare, foster care, and 
adoption. A Committee report summarizing findings was published 
on August 19, 2020. As a continuation of this investigation, 
the following actions were taken:
    1. May 20, 2022: GAO publicly released an additional 
related report originally requested by Chairs Davis and Lewis, 
``Foster Care: Further Assistance from HHS Would be Helpful in 
Supporting Youth's LGBTQ+ Identities and Religious Beliefs'' 
(GAO-22-104688).
    2. June 3, 2022: Chair Davis and Chair Pascrell wrote a 
letter to the HHS regarding the priorities and recommendations 
outlined in the GAO report to support LGBTQ+ and religious 
youth in foster care. The Committee received a response on 
August 29, 2022.

Unemployment Insurance

    The Committee joined as requesters of several self-
initiated GAO reports on unemployment insurance during the 
COVID-19 pandemic. These reports include the following:
    1. ``Unemployment Insurance: Pandemic Programs Posed 
Challenges, and DOL Could Better Address Customer Service and 
Emergency Planning'' (GAO-22-104251).
    2. ``Pandemic Unemployment Assistance: Federal Program 
Supported Contingent Workers Amid Historic Demand, but DOL 
Should Examine Racial Disparities in Benefit Receipt'' (GAO-22-
104438).
    3. ``Unemployment Insurance: Transformation Needed to 
Address Program Design, Infrastructure, and Integrity Risks'' 
(GAO-22-105162).

General

    1. April 28, 2021: Chair Davis and Ranking Member Walorski 
wrote to Dr. William C. Bell, President and CEO of Casey Family 
Programs, to request technical assistance on the implementation 
of the Family First Prevention Services Act and child welfare 
issues.

                  B. ACTIONS TAKEN AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Actions Taken

                        FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On April 21, 2021, the Committee received testimony on ``In 
Their Own Words: Paid Leave, Child Care, and an Economy that 
Failed Women'' from: (i) Rebecca Gonzalez, Bronx, NY; (ii) Joy 
Spencer, Durham, NC; (iii) Agnes Braga, Los Angeles CA; (iv) 
Bethany Fauteaux, New Bedford, MA; and (v) Linda Smith on 
behalf of the Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC.
    On June 15, 2022, the Committee received testimony on ``The 
Burnout Epidemic and What Working Women Need for a Stronger 
Economy'' from: (i) Tori Snyder, Pittsburgh, PA; (ii) Nija 
Phelps, Milford, CT; (iii) Donna Price, Cleveland, OH; (iv) 
Johna Beech, Kenai, AK; and (v) Alicia Huey, President of AGH 
Homes Inc. from Birmingham, AL.

                         SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On March 10, 2021, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family 
Support received testimony on ``Health Profession Opportunity 
Grants; Past Successes and Future Uses'' from: (i) Bianca K. 
Frogner, Director of the Center for Health Workforce Studies at 
the University of Washington; (ii) Leslie Roundtree, Project 
Director of the Partnership to STEP UP in Health Careers at 
Chicago State University; (iii) Crystal Hodge, Nursing Student 
in Schenectady, NY; (iv) Barbara Barney-Know, Deputy Director 
of Nursing and Statewide Chief Nurse Executive at the 
California Correctional Health Care Services; and (v) James 
Sullivan, Gilbert F. Schaefer College Professor of Economics in 
the Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities at the 
University of Notre Dame.
    On May 12, 2021, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family 
Support received testimony on ``Making a Difference for 
Families and Foster Youth'' from: (i) William C. Bell, 
President and CEO of Casey Family Programs; (ii) Kai Cotton, 
Lead Youth Navigator of the YWCA, Cleveland Heights, OH; (iii) 
Weston Charles-Gallo, Advocate and former foster youth, 
Liberty, MO; (iv) Kevin Copeland, Program Coordinator for 
Visits to Mom, Lutheran Social Services of Illinois; and (v) 
Sharon Pierce, Immediate Past President and CEO of The Villages 
of Indiana.
    On May 27, 2021, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family 
Support received testimony at the ``Legislative Hearing on 
Universal Paid Leave and Guaranteed Access to Child Care'' 
from: (i) Nina Perez, National Director of Early Learning at 
MomsRising; (ii) Michael Rothman, Co-Founder and CEO of 
Fatherly; (iii) Lee Savio Beers, President of the American 
Academy of Pediatrics; (iv) Jocelyn C. Frye, Senior Fellow at 
the Center for American Progress; and (v) Elizabeth Milito, 
Senior Executive Counsel of the National Federation of 
Independent Businesses Small Business Legal Center.
    On March 16, 2022, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family 
Support received testimony on ``Improving Family Outcomes 
through Home Visiting'' from: (i) Steven Pascal, Director of 
Home Visiting at The Children's Trust; (ii) Myia Smith, Healthy 
Families America Family Support Specialist at the Henry Booth 
House; (iii) Erica Beck, Healthy Families America Program 
Participant at the Henry Booth House; (iv) Angella Dancer, 
Senior Director of Home Visiting Services for the Choctaw 
Nation of Oklahoma; and (v) Debie Coble, President and CEO of 
Goodwill Industries of Michiana, Inc.

                       5. SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH

     Skilled Nursing Facilities and the COVID-19 
Pandemic. Oversight related to the quality and safety of 
nursing homes during the public health emergency related to the 
COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that the safety of patients and 
providers is protected.
     Climate Crisis and Health Sector. Oversight 
related to the intersection of the climate crisis and the 
health care sector, including letters to the Department of 
Health and Human Services and a Majority Staff report examining 
the effects of extreme weather events on the delivery of care 
and how the health sector is reducing their climate footprint, 
and a hearing on similar topics.
     Mental and Behavioral Health. Oversight and 
hearings relating to America's mental health crisis affecting 
both mental and behavioral health, exacerbated by the public 
health emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Discuss and 
consider appropriate health relief to increase mental health 
providers and reduce barriers to care.
     Health Care Finance. Oversight into the role of 
private investment on the cost and quality of health care 
delivery as it relates to nursing homes and other health care 
providers.
     CMS Administration. Oversight of CMS, including 
issuance of regulations and their impact on Medicare 
beneficiaries and providers; the adequacy and use of CMS' 
budget and staff; contracting activities; communications with 
beneficiaries; adherence to the Administrative Procedure Act; 
and general agency accountability.
     Private Health Insurance Coverage. Oversight and 
review of private health coverage related to the Affordable 
Care Act to ensure access to care related to agency action and 
implementation of laws.
     Surprise Billing. Oversight of the implementation 
of the No Surprises Act to protect against surprise medical 
bills and ensure families are not left unprotected from 
unanticipated charges by health providers in tandem with 
congressional intent.
     Health Reform. Activities related to reform of the 
health care system to reduce costs, lower premiums, expand 
choices, and ensure access to affordable coverage.
     Priorities of the Department of Health and Human 
Services. Oversight hearings with the Health and Human Services 
Secretary to discuss priorities for the 117th Congress and 
concerns related to the delivery of health services and payment 
under Medicare.
    Specifically, discuss and consider legislative and 
administrative proposals contained in the President's fiscal 
year 2023 budget.
     Medicare Part A and Part B (Fee-for-Service 
Providers). Oversight of Medicare to ensure efficient use of 
resources, quality of care, and access to providers for 
Medicare beneficiaries.
    Specific topics include: adequacy and appropriateness of 
provider payments, including incentive payments and 
implementation of reforms to physician payment systems; program 
benefits; patient out-of-pocket costs; workforce supply; 
treatment of specific populations such as people with 
disabilities and low-income beneficiaries; social determinants 
of health and health disparities; prescription drug costs; 
quality improvement efforts; and waste, fraud, and abuse 
activities.
     Medicare Advantage. Oversight of Medicare 
Advantage health plans, including: enrollment; benefit 
packages; quality; beneficiary choice; coding risk adjustment 
and payment accuracy; and submission of encounter data and 
health risk assessments.
     Medicare Part D (Prescription Drug Plans). 
Oversight of the Medicare prescription drug program, including: 
costs of prescription drugs; beneficiary premiums and cost-
sharing; the risk sharing structure and reinsurance; 
improvements to the low income subsidy program; impacts of 
recently enacted legislation and regulations on the Part D 
program; access to retiree prescription drug coverage; and the 
use of Medicare negotiation and competition to lower 
prescription drug costs.
     Medicare Trust Fund Stewardship. Oversight of 
program changes on the Medicare Trust Funds; premium and copay 
levels; provider payments; benefit design, and improvements to 
the program's long-term sustainability.
     Prescription Drugs. Oversight of the landscape of 
federal policies that can be changed to lower prescription drug 
prices including tax incentives, payment incentives, and 
misaligned incentives among various entities in the health 
system, as well as ways to directly lower patient cost as well 
as costs overall in health care and costs to taxpayers. a. 
Skilled Nursing Facilities and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Actions Taken

                        FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On June 8, 2021, the Committee received testimony on the 
President's fiscal year 2022 budget proposal from U.S. 
Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Becerra.
    On February 2, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
``America's Mental Health Crisis'' from: (i) Wizdom Powell, 
Ph.D., Director of the Health Disparities Institute and 
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, UConn Health; (ii) Deborah 
Steinberg, J.D., Health Policy Attorney, The Legal Action 
Center; (iii) Peggy Johnson, M.D., Chief of Psychiatry, The 
Commonwealth Care Alliance; (iv) Angela Sausser, M.S.W., 
Executive Director, The Public Children Services Association of 
Ohio; and (v) Deepa Avula, M.P.H., Director of the North 
Carolina Division on Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, 
and Substance Abuse Services at the North Carolina Department 
of Health & Human Services.
    On March 2, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
``Substance Use, Suicide Risk, and the American Health System'' 
from: (i) Jonathan M. Metzl, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of 
Sociology and Psychiatry and Director of the Department of 
Medicine, Health, and Society, at Vanderbilt University; (ii) 
Edwin C. Chapman, M.D., Private Practice Physician Specializing 
in Addiction Medicine; (iii) Regina LaBelle, J.D., Director of 
the Addiction and Public Policy Initiative at the O'Neill 
Institute; (iv) Marielle Reataza, M.D., M.S., Executive 
Director of the National Asian Pacific American Families 
Against Substance Abuse; and (v) Jessica Hulsey, Founder & CEO 
at the Addiction Policy Forum.
    On April 28, 2022, the Committee received testimony on the 
President's fiscal year 2023 budget proposal from Department of 
Health and Human Services Secretary Becerra.
    On September 15, 2022, the Committee received testimony on 
``Preparing America's Health Care Infrastructure for the 
Climate Crisis'' from: (i) Jodi Sherman, M.D., Associate 
Professor of Anesthesiology of the Yale School of Medicine, 
Associate Professor of Epidemiology in Environmental Health 
Sciences, and Founding Director of the Yale Program on 
Healthcare Environmental Sustainability in the Yale Center on 
Climate Change and Health; (ii) Paul Biddinger, M.D., Chief 
Preparedness and Continuity Officer, Mass General Brigham and 
Director of the Center for Disaster Medicine at Mass General; 
(iii) Parinda Khatri, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of 
Cherokee Health Systems; (iv) Elizabeth Schenk, Ph.D. R.N., 
Executive Director of Environmental Stewardship for Providence; 
and (v) Rich Powell, J.D., Chief Executive Officer, ClearPath 
Inc.

                         SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On February 26, 2021, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on ``The Path Forward on COVID-19 Immunizations'' 
from: (i) Dr. Ashish Jha, dean of the Brown University School 
of Public Health; (ii) Dr. Georges Benjamin, Executive Director 
of American Public Health Association; (iii) Dr. Kimberly Avila 
Edwards, Director of Advocacy and External Affairs at Ascension 
Seton; (iv) Ann Lewandowski, Executive Director of Wisconsin 
Immunization Neighborhood; (v) Dr. Reshma Ramachandran, 
National Clinicians Scholar at Yale School of Medicine; and 
(vi) Dr. Clay Marsh, the West Virginia COVID-19 czar and Vice 
President and Executive Dean for Health Sciences at West 
Virginia University.
    On April 28, 2021, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on ``Charting the Path Forward for Telehealth'' from: 
(i) Sinsi Hernandez-Cancio, JD, Vice President for Health 
Justice, National Partnership for Women and Families; (ii) 
Ellen Kelsay, President & CEO, Business Group on Health; (iii) 
Thomas Kim, MD, MPH, Chief Behavioral Health Officer, Prism 
Health North Texas; (iv) Ateev Mehrotra, MD, MPH, Associate 
Professor of Health Care Policy, Department of Health Care 
Policy, Harvard Medical School; and (v) Joel White, Executive 
Director, Health Innovation Alliance.
    On February 3, 2022, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on ``Bridging Health Equity Gaps for People with 
Disabilities and Chronic Conditions'' from: (i) Monica 
Verduzco-Gutierrez, M.D., Professor and Chair of the Department 
of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas 
Health San Antonio, Director of COVID Recovery Clinic at 
University Health; (ii) Rupa S. Valdez, Ph.D., M.S., Associate 
Professor of Engineering Systems and Public Health, University 
of Virginia; (iii) Liza Fisher, Member of Long Covid Alliance, 
Houston, Texas; (iv) Bethany Lilly, J.D., Senior Director of 
Income Policy, The Arc; and (v) Ray Dorsey, M.D., Professor of 
Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center.

                             INVESTIGATIONS

a. Skilled Nursing Facilities and the COVID-19 Pandemic

    To conduct oversight related to the quality and safety of 
nursing homes during the public health emergency related to the 
COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that the safety of patients and 
providers is protected, the Committee sent the following 
letters:
     February 24, 2021: Chair Neal and Chair Doggett 
wrote a letter to CMS Acting Administrator Elizabeth Richter to 
inquire about nurse aid training requirement exemptions and 
other exemptions put in place during the Administration's 1135 
waiver and the need to reinstate requirements to protect 
patient safety. Chair Neal received a response from Acting 
Administrator Richter on April 6, 2021, stating that the nurse 
aid training waiver was necessary to ensure adequate staffing 
of facilities and must meet minimally competent skills.
     February 25, 2021: Chair Neal wrote a letter to 
CMS Acting Administrator Richter to reinstate numerous COVID-19 
waivers to protect the safety of skilled nursing facility 
residents relating to: quality and safety surveys; staffing and 
training requirements; telehealth policies; staff and patient 
COVID-19 nursing home data; reporting of COVID-19 demographic 
data; reinstating civil money penalties; and other waivers. 
Chair Neal received a response from Administrator Brooks-LaSure 
on June 11, 2021, expressing that the agency is reviewing the 
recommended policy recommendations.
     May 17, 2021: Chair Neal wrote a letter to CMS 
Acting Administrator Richter to voice support about proposed 
changes to the skilled nursing facility value-based payment 
program to increase patient safety and the quality of care 
received by nursing home residents. Chair Neal received a 
response from Administrator Brooks-LaSure on July 23, 2021, 
acknowledging support of agency efforts.

b. Climate Crisis and Health Sector

    To conduct oversight related to the intersection of the 
climate crisis and the health care sector, the Committee 
released a Majority Staff report examining the effects of 
extreme weather events on the delivery of care and how the 
health sector is reducing their climate footprint and held a 
hearing on similar topics. The Committee also sent the 
following letters:
     April 9, 2021: Chair Neal wrote a letter to HHS 
Secretary Xavier Becerra to inquire about agency resilience and 
sustainability strategies targeted towards the health sector in 
response to the climate crisis impacting the delivery of care. 
Chair Neal received a response from Assistant Secretary for 
Health Rachel L. Levine on November 8, 2021, acknowledging the 
need for the health sector to implement decarbonization 
efforts.
     January 27, 2022: Chair Neal wrote a letter to HHS 
Secretary Becerra and CMS Administrator Brooks-LaSure, 
concerning the proposed notice of benefit and payment 
parameters for 2023 as it relates to health equity and the 
climate crisis to encourage the administration to incentivize 
providers and suppliers to examine their negative contributions 
to greenhouse gas emissions.

c. Private Investment in Health Care

    To conduct oversight into the role of private investment on 
the cost and quality of health care delivery as it relates to 
nursing homes and other health care providers, the Committee 
sent the following letter:
     May 27, 2021: Oversight Subcommittee Chair 
Pascrell wrote a letter to GAO Comptroller General Gene L. 
Dodaro requesting a study on the role and influence of private 
equity investments in the health care industry, as it has been 
shown that private equity investment has led to decreases in 
care quality, the shuttering of health facilities, and 
increases in surprise billing practices. Oversight Subcommittee 
Chair Pascrell received a response from GAO Managing Director 
Orice Williams Brown on June 14, 2021, accepting the request.

d. Mental and Behavioral Health

    To conduct oversight on America's mental health crisis 
affecting both mental and behavioral health, and the 
exacerbation of these issues due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 
Committee sent the following letters:
     June 22, 2021: Chair Neal wrote a letter to HHS 
Secretary Becerra to ensure maximum access to substance use 
disorder treatment options in light of the increase of opioid-
related deaths and opioid usage during the public health 
emergency. Chair Neal received a response from Secretary 
Becerra on August 30, 2021, stating that addressing the opioid 
crisis is a top priority of the department.
     January 12, 2022: Chair Neal wrote a letter to 
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission Chairman Michael Chernew 
requesting an analysis of mental health services provided under 
the Medicare program relating to both inpatient and outpatient 
services, telehealth utilization, and services provided under 
Medicare Advantage.

e. CMS administration

    To conduct oversight of CMS administration, including 
issuance of regulations and their impact on Medicare 
beneficiaries and providers; the adequacy and use of CMS' 
budget and staff, contracting activities; communications with 
beneficiaries; adherence to the Administrative Procedure Act; 
and general agency accountability, the Committee sent the 
following letter:
     July 13, 2022: Chair Neal and Chair Pallone wrote 
a letter to CMS Administrator Brooks-LaSure expressing concern 
that an administration proposal is contrary to congressional 
intent related to physician owned hospitals. Chair Neal 
received a response from Administrator Brooks-LaSure on August 
29, 2022, stating that any changes to Medicare regulations 
would require notice and comment rulemaking.

f. Private Health Insurance Coverage related to the ACA

    To conduct oversight and review of private health insurance 
coverage related to the Affordable Care Act to ensure access to 
care, the Committee send the following letters:
     October 6, 2021: Chair Neal, along with Chair 
Pallone, Chair Scott, and Chair Maloney, wrote a letter to HHS 
Secretary Becerra, Treasury Secretary Yellen, and Labor 
Secretary Martin Walsh, to ensure that Food and Drug 
Administration approved contraceptive coverage would continue 
to be covered without cost sharing, as required under the 
Affordable Care Act. Chair Pallone received a response from 
Secretary Becerra on April 4, 2022, expressing the department's 
commitment to ensure contraceptive access.
     January 27, 2022: Chair Neal along with Chair 
Pallone, Chair Scott, Chair Murray, and Chair Wyden, wrote a 
letter to HHS Secretary Becerra and CMS Services Administrator 
Brooks-LaSure to express their support of the policies proposed 
in the notice of benefit and payment parameters for 2023 to 
build on the progress of the Affordable Care Act by expanding 
access to care, lowering costs, and addressing health 
inequities. Chair Neal received a response on March 16, 2022, 
from Administrator Brooks-LaSure acknowledging support of the 
agency's efforts.
     March 31, 2022: Chair Neal wrote a letter to 
Federal Trade Commission Chair Lina M. Khan concerning the 
reports of misleading marketing practices by substandard plans 
that lack consumer protections provided under the Affordable 
Care Act (ACA).
     May 19, 2022: Chair Neal and Chair Wyden sent a 
letter to Treasury Secretary Yellen and IRS Commissioner 
Charles P. Rettig to urge them to finalize the proposed 
regulation by the Department of the Treasury and the IRS 
entitled, ``Affordability of Employer Coverage for Family 
Members of Employees,'' which was published in the Federal 
Register on April 7, 2022. On June 6, 2022, Assistant Secretary 
for Legislative Affairs Jonathan C. Davidson sent a letter to 
Chair Neal and Chair Wyden informing them the Department of the 
Treasury will fully consider feedback provided during the 
public comment period before finalizing any rule.
     October 3, 2022: Chair Neal, Chair Pallone, and 
Chair Scott wrote a letter to HHS Secretary Becerra expressing 
their support for the proposed rule related to 
nondiscrimination in health programs and activities related to 
Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act.

g. Surprise Medical Billing

    To conduct oversight of the implementation of the No 
Surprises Act, a bill to protect against surprise medical bills 
and ensure families are not left unprotected from unanticipated 
charges by health providers in tandem with congressional 
intent, the Committee sent the following letters:
     October 4, 2021: Chair Neal and Ranking Member 
Brady wrote a letter HHS Secretary Becerra, Treasury Secretary 
Yellen, and Labor Secretary Walsh, to inquire about the 
regulation implementing the No Surprises Act as it appeared to 
be contrary to the congressional intent of law enacted.
     March 16, 2022: Chair Neal and Ranking Member 
Brady wrote a letter HHS Secretary Becerra, Treasury Secretary 
Yellen, and Labor Secretary Walsh urging the administration to 
halt litigation in defense of the No Surprises Act 
implementation that went against congressional intent.

                   6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY

     Adequacy of benefits and options for strengthening 
Social Security. Examine the role of Social Security benefits 
in ensuring economic security for retirees, persons with 
career-ending disabilities, and survivors, and in reducing 
disparities in economic security for disadvantaged groups 
including people of color, women, and others. Examine how well 
the program is meeting the needs of current and future 
beneficiaries; and financing challenges facing Social Security. 
In addition, compare and contrast options to strengthen Social 
Security.
     Ability of Social Security Administration (SSA) to 
serve the public and effectively administer benefits. Examine 
SSA's ability to serve the public, including the effects of the 
COVID-19 pandemic on SSA services as well as the safety and 
accessibility of SSA services during the pandemic; office 
closures and other barriers to assistance, including barriers 
created by the COVID-19 pandemic; and the problems of backlogs 
and service delays, including delays in the disability 
application and appeals process. Examine SSA's ability to 
identify, prevent, and reduce inequities in access to services 
on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, religion, sex, sexual 
orientation, gender identity, disability, age, and national 
origin. Evaluate SSA's ability to prevent errors and detect 
fraud. Examine the adequacy of SSA's administrative budget.
     Access to earned disability benefits. Examine the 
extent to which SSA's policies and procedures ensure due 
process and access to benefits for individuals who meet 
eligibility criteria in the law, including potential racial 
disparities in disability adjudication.
     Implementation of recent legislation. Oversee 
SSA's implementation of recent legislation, including reforms 
in the collection and distribution of death data, reforms in 
the representative payee program, and the agency's role in 
assisting the Treasury Department with implementation of 
Economic Impact Payments. Oversee the Congressionally-mandated 
death data report from the National Academy of Public 
Administration.
     Information technology, cybersecurity, identity 
theft, and telephone scams. Oversee SSA's investments in 
information technology, including its modernization program, 
cybersecurity at SSA, and the prevention of identity theft 
involving Social Security numbers. Monitor robocalls and 
imposter scams involving SSA.

                             INVESTIGATIONS

Economic Impact Payments

    The Committee has conducted robust oversight of the 
Executive Branch's efforts to administer pandemic-related 
relief, and in particular to ensure that the most vulnerable 
Americans were not left behind by these efforts. Relevant 
oversight activities include:
    1. March 22, 2021: Chair Richard E. Neal, along with 
Subcommittee Chairs John B. Larson, Bill Pascrell, Jr., and 
Danny K. Davis, wrote to IRS Commissioner Charles P. Rettig and 
SSA Commissioner Andrew M. Saul regarding delays in sending 
automatic stimulus payments to Social Security and Supplemental 
Security Income (SSI) beneficiaries, along with Railroad 
Retirement Board (RRB) and Veterans Affairs (VA) beneficiaries.
    2. March 24, 2021: Chair Richard E. Neal, along with 
Subcommittee Chairs John B. Larson, Bill Pascrell, Jr., and 
Danny K. Davis, wrote to SSA Commissioner Andrew M. Saul 
regarding Social Security and SSI beneficiaries awaiting their 
economic impact payments.
    3. December 12, 2021: the Committee on Ways and Means 
received notification from the Social Security Administration 
Office of Inspector General that an informational report on 
``Beneficiary and Recipient Data Provided to Support Issuance 
of Economic Impact Payments Authorized by the American Rescue 
Plan Act of 2021'' had been issued. The report concluded and 
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) officials confirmed that ``SSA 
met the IRS' expectations regarding provision of SSA's data and 
that IRS and SSA worked together to get payments out as quickly 
as possible.''

  B. Actions Taken and Recommendations Made With Respect to Oversight 
                                  Plan


Actions Taken

                         SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On June 15, 2021, the Subcommittee on Social Security 
received testimony on ``Equity in Social Security: In Their Own 
Words'' from: (i) Julian Blair, Social Security beneficiary 
from Washington, D.C.; (ii) Elba Lopez, Social Security 
beneficiary from Philadelphia, PA; (iii) Cora McDonnell, Social 
Security beneficiary from Seattle, WA; (iv) Kitty Ruderman, 
Social Security beneficiary from Queens, NY; and (v) Mary 
Widmier, Social Security beneficiary from Houston, TX.
    On December 7, 2021, the Subcommittee on Social Security 
received testimony on ``The Fierce Urgency of Now--Social 
Security 2100: A Sacred Trust'' from: (i) Robert Roach, Jr., 
President of the Alliance for Retired Americans; (ii) Nancy 
Altman, President of Social Security Works; (iii) Shaun Castle, 
Deputy Executive Director of Paralyzed Veterans of America; 
(iv) Yanira Cruz, President and CEO of the National Hispanic 
Council on Aging; (v) Andrew Biggs, Senior Fellow at American 
Enterprise Institute; (vi) Elizabeth (Bette) Marafino, 
President of the Connecticut Alliance for Retired Americans; 
(vii) Amy Matsui, Directory of Income Security and Senior 
Counsel for the National Women's Law Center; (viii) Rachel 
Greszler, Research Fellow in Economics, Budget, and 
Entitlements at The Heritage Foundation; and (ix) Max Richtman, 
President and CEO of the National Committee to Preserve Social 
Security and Medicare.
    On May 17, 2022, the Subcommittee on Social Security 
received testimony on ``Strengthening Social Security's 
Customer Service'' from: (i) Grace Kim, Deputy Commissioner for 
Operations at the Social Security Administration; (ii) Tracey 
Gronniger, Directing Attorney at Justice in Aging; (iii) 
Bethany Lilly, Senior Director of Public Policy at The Arc of 
the United States, on behalf of the Consortium for Constituents 
with Disabilities Social Security Task Force; (iv) Peggy 
Murphy, Immediate Past President of the National Council of 
Social Security Management Associations; (v) Yanira Cruz, 
President and CEO of the National Hispanic Council on Aging; 
(vi) Alison Weir, Policy Advocate and Attorney for the Greater 
Hartford Legal Aid, Hartford, CT; and (vii) Rebecca Vallas, 
Senior Fellow at The Century Foundation.

                           DEATH DATA REPORT

    On August 10, 2022, the Committee on Ways and Means 
received notification from the Social Security Administration 
(SSA) that ``A Report to Congress on Sources of and Access to 
State Death Data'' is available from the National Academy of 
Public Administration. This report was required by Section 802 
of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260). It 
concerns SSA's use of state-owned death data.

                             INVESTIGATIONS

Service to the Public

    The Social Security Subcommittee has conducted robust 
oversight of the customer service at the Social Security 
Administration (SSA), including the effects of the COVID-19 
pandemic on the agency's service delivery. Relevant oversight 
activities include:
    1. March 4, 2021: Subcommittee Chair John B. Larson, 
Subcommittee Ranking Member Tom Reed, Subcommittee Chair Danny 
K. Davis, and Subcommittee Ranking Member Jackie Walorski wrote 
to SSA Commissioner Andrew Saul to urge SSA to publicly release 
all instructions to employees on changes to policies and 
services due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    2. June 4, 2021: Subcommittee Chair John B. Larson wrote to 
SSA Commissioner Andrew Saul on ensuring strong customer 
service as well as the safety of the public and employees 
during COVID-19.
    3. December 22, 2021: Subcommittee Chair John B. Larson 
wrote to SSA Acting Commissioner Kilolo Kijakazi regarding 
actions the agency is taking to strengthen customer service and 
ensure safety during COVID-19.
    4. February 18, 2022: Subcommittee Ranking Member Tom Reed, 
and Subcommittee Members Kevin Hern, Tom Rice, Jodey Arrington, 
and Ron Estes wrote to SSA Acting Commissioner Kilolo Kijakazi 
to express concerns about Americans' ongoing difficulty 
accessing SSA's services.
    5. August 16, 2022: Chair Richard E. Neal and Ranking 
Member Kevin Brady wrote to SSA Acting Commissioner Kilolo 
Kijakazi to urge SSA to ensure that visitors to SSA offices are 
served effectively and safely, and are not waiting in line 
outside in the summer heat in many areas of the country.

Other Topics

    The Subcommittee has broad jurisdiction over the Social 
Security program, including other topics that touch millions of 
Americans. With respect to oversight of these areas, relevant 
activities include:
    1. May 7, 2021: Subcommittee Chairs John B. Larson and 
Danny K. Davis wrote to SSA Commissioner Andrew Saul urging him 
to revoke SSA's Final Rule, ``Hearings Held by Administrative 
Appeals Judges of the Appeals Council'' (85 Fed. Reg. 73138; 
effective Dec. 16, 2020).
    2. August 24, 2021: Ranking Member Kevin Brady, 
Subcommittee Ranking Member Tom Reed, and Senators Mike Crapo, 
Todd Young, and Tim Scott wrote to Comptroller General Gene 
Dodaro requesting a review of the authority under which 
President Joe Biden appointed Dr. Kilolo Kijakazi as Acting SSA 
Commissioner.
    3. November 3, 2021: Subcommittee Chairs Bill Pascrell, 
Jr., John B. Larson, and Danny K. Davis wrote to SSA Acting 
Commissioner Kilolo Kijakazi requesting information on the 
impact of United States Postal Service mail delays on SSA's 
customer service.
    4. February 16, 2022: Subcommittee Chairs John B. Larson 
and Danny K. Davis wrote to SSA Acting Commissioner Kilolo 
Kijakazi to express concerns about the use of facial 
recognition technology as part of SSA's online identity 
verification process.
    March 24, 2022: Subcommittee Chairs John B. Larson and 
Danny K. Davis wrote to SSA Acting Commissioner Kilolo Kijakazi 
to request an update on the agency's efforts to understand the 
long-term health effects of COVID-19 (long COVID) and to ensure 
accurate, timely, and equitable evaluation of SSA disability 
claims involving long COVID.
    5. May 16, 2022: Subcommittee Chair John B. Larson and 
Acting Ranking Member Kevin Hern wrote to SSA Inspector General 
Gail S. Ennis requesting a review of the performance of SSA's 
multiple telephone systems.
    6. June 1, 2022: Subcommittee Chairs John B. Larson and 
Danny K. Davis wrote to Appropriations Committee Chair Rosa L. 
DeLauro and Ranking Member Tom Cole regarding SSA's operating 
budget for Fiscal Year 2023.
    7. June 27, 2022: Subcommittee Chairs John B. Larson and 
Danny K. Davis wrote to SSA Acting Commissioner Kilolo Kijakazi 
regarding SSA's use of commercial electronic payroll data.

                          III. PUBLIC HEARINGS

    During the 117th Congress, the Committee on Ways and Means 
along with its six Subcommittees held numerous public hearings. 
Many of these hearings dealt with broad subject matters 
including tax policy, trade, health, and Social Security 
issues.
    As the statistics below indicate, during the 117th 
Congress, the full Committee and its six Subcommittees held 
public hearings aggregating a total of 45 days, during which 
time 162 witnesses testified.
    The following table specifies the statistical data on the 
number of days and witnesses for each of the subjects covered 
by public hearings in the full Committee during the 117th 
Congress.

  TABLE 1--PUBLIC HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY THE FULL COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND
                                  MEANS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Number of--
                 Subject and Date                  ---------------------
                                                       Days    Witnesses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021:
    Members' Day Hearing, March 23................          1         --
    In Their Own Words: Paid Leave, Child Care,             1          6
     and an Economy that Failed Women, April 21...
    Hearing on The Biden Administration's 2021              1          1
     Trade Policy Agenda, May 13..................
    Leveraging the Tax Code for Infrastructure              1          5
     Investment, May 19...........................
    Hearing on the President's Proposed Fiscal              1          1
     Year 2022 Budget with the Department of
     Health and Human Services Secretary Becerra,
     June 8.......................................
    Hearing on the President's Proposed Fiscal              1          1
     Year 2022 Budget with Treasury Secretary
     Janet Yellen, June 17........................
        Total for 2021............................          6         14
2022:
    America's Mental Health Crisis, February 2....          1          5
    Substance Use, Suicide Risk, and the American           1          5
     Health System, March 2.......................
    Biden Administration's 2022 Trade Policy                1          1
     Agenda, March 30.............................
    Overcoming Racism to Advance Economic                   1          5
     Opportunity, April 6.........................
    HHS Budget Hearing with Sec. Becerra, April 28          1          1
    Proposed Fiscal Year 2023 Budget with Treasury          1          1
     Secretary Janet Yellen, June 8...............
    The Burnout Epidemic and What Working Women             1          5
     Need for a Stronger Economy, June 15.........
    Nowhere to Live: Profits, Disinvestment, and            1          5
     the American Housing Crisis, July 13.........
    The Future of U.S.-Taiwan Trade, September 14.          1          4
    Preparing America's Health Care Infrastructure          1          5
     for the Climate Crisis, September 15.........
        Total for 2022............................         10         37
            Total for the 117th Congress..........         16         51
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The six Subcommittees of the Committee on Ways and Means 
were also very active in conducting public hearings during the 
117th Congress. The following table specifies in detail the 
number of days and witnesses for each of the Subcommittees.

TABLE 2--PUBLIC HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY THE SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE COMMITTEE
                            ON WAYS AND MEANS
                    (January 3, 2021-January 3, 2023)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Number of--
                 Subject and Date                  ---------------------
                                                       Days    Witnesses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         SUBCOMMMITTEE ON TRADE
 
2021:Reauthorizing Trade Adjustment Assistance:             1          5
 Opportunities for Equitable Access and
 Modernization, March 4
    Hearing on Advancing U.S. Economic                      1          7
     Competitiveness, Equity, and Sustainability
     Through Infrastructure Investments, April 29.
    The Global Challenge of Forced Labor in Supply          1          5
     Chains: Strengthening Enforcement and
     Protecting Workers, July 21..................
    Strengthening the U.S. Africa Trade and                 1          4
     Investment Relationship, November 17.........
    Supporting U.S. Workers, Businesses, and the            1          4
     Environment in the Face of Unfair Chinese
     Trade Practices, December 2..................
        Total for 2021............................          5         25
2022
    Promoting Sustainable Environmental Practices           1          4
     Through Trade Policy.........................
        Total for 2022............................          1          4
            Total for 117th Congress..............          6         29
 
               SUBCOMMMITTEE ON WORKER AND FAMILY SUPPORT
 
2021:
    Health Profession Opportunity Grants; Past              1          5
     Successes and Future Uses, March 10..........
    Making a Different for Families & Foster                1          5
     Youth, May 12................................
    Universal Paid Leave and Guaranteed Access to           1          8
     Child Care, May 27...........................
        Total for 2021............................          3         18
2022:
    Improving Family Outcomes through Home                  1          5
     Visiting, March 16...........................
            Total for 117th Congress..............          4         23
 
                       SUBCOMMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT
 
2021:
    Free Tax Preparation Services During the                1          4
     Pandemic, February 18........................
    Hearing with the IRS Commissioner on the 2021           1          1
     Filing Season, March 18......................
    Examining Private Equity's Expanded Role in             1          5
     the U.S. Health Care System, March 25........
    Expanding Access to Higher Education and the            1          5
     Promise it Holds, July 14....................
    The Opportunity Zone Program and Who It Left            1          4
     Behind, November 16..........................
    The Pandora Papers and Hidden Wealth, December          1          4
     8............................................
        Total for 2021............................          6         23
2022:
    Hearing with the National Taxpayer Advocate on          1          1
     Challenges Facing Taxpayers, February 8......
    IRS Commissioner Rettig on the 2022 Filing              1          1
     Season March 17..............................
    Oversight Subcommittee Hearing on Taxpayer              1          2
     Fairness Across the IRS, May 18..............
        Total for 2022............................          3          4
            Total for 117th Congress..............          9         27
 
                     SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY
 
2021:
    Equity in Social Security: In Their Own Words,          1          5
     June 15......................................
    The Fierce Urgency of Now--Social Security              1          9
     2100: A Sacred Trust, December 7.............
        Total for 2021............................          2         14
2022:
    Strengthening Social Security's Customer                1          7
     Service, May 17..............................
        Total for 2022............................          1          7
            Total for 117th Congress..............          3         21
 
                SUBCOMMMITTEE ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES
 
2021:
    Tax Tools to Help Local Governments, March 11.          1          5
    Funding Our Nation's Priorities: Reforming the          1          5
     Tax Code's Advantageous Treatment of the
     Wealthy, May 12..............................
    Joint Hearing with the Oversight Subcommittee           1          5
     on Minding the Tax Gap: Improving Tax
     Administration for the 21st Century, June 10.
        Total for 2021............................          3         15
2022:
    Examining the Economic Impact of Federal                1          5
     Infrastructure Investment, February 15.......
        Total for 2022............................          1          5
            Total for 117th Congress..............          4         20
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                MARKUPS


   TABLE 3--PUBLIC MARKUPS CONDUCTED BY THE FULL COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND
                                  MEANS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Subject and Date                      Days      Bills
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021:
    Ways and Means Organizational Meeting,                  1          -
     February 4...................................
        --Consideration of Committee Rules for
         117th Congress
    Markup on February 10, 11, and 12.............          3          9
        --Legislative proposals to comply with the
         reconciliation directive included in
         Section 2001 of the Concurrent Resolution
         on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2021, S.
         Con. Res. 5
    Views and Estimates, May 5....................          1          -
        --Views and Estimates Letter to the
         Committee on the Budget
    Markup on May 5...............................          1          1
        --H.R. 2954, the ``Securing a Strong
         Retirement Act of 2021''
    Markup on September 9 and 10..................          2          8
        --Legislative proposals to comply with the
         reconciliation directive included in
         section 2002 of the Concurrent Resolution
         on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2022, S.
         Con. Res. 14
    Markup on September 14 and 15.................          2          4
        --Legislative proposals to comply with the
         reconciliation directive included in
         section 2002 of the Concurrent Resolution
         on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2022, S.
         Con. Res. 14
2022:
    Views and Estimates, April 28.................          1          -
        --Views and Estimates Letter to the
         Committee on the Budget
    Markup on July 27.............................          1          1
        --H.R. 8487, ``Improving Seniors Timely
         Access to Care Act of 2022''
    Markup on September 20........................          1          7
        --H.R. 82, the ``Social Security Fairness
         Act of 2021''
        --H. Res. 1269, Of inquiry directing the
         Secretary of the Treasury to provide
         certain documents in the Secretary's
         possession to the House of
         Representatives relating to the impact of
         the OECD Pillar One agreement on the
         United States Treasury
        --H. Res. 1285, Requesting the President
         to transmit certain information to the
         House of Representatives relating to a
         waiver of intellectual property
         commitments under the World Trade
         Organization Agreement on Trade-Related
         Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
        --H. Res. 1262, Of inquiry directing the
         Secretary of Health and Human Services to
         provide to the House of Representatives
         certain documents in the Secretary's
         possession regarding the reinterpretation
         of sections 36B(c)(2)(C)(i)(II) and
         5000A(e)(1)(B) of the Internal Revenue
         Code of 1986, commonly known as the ``fix
         to the family glitch''
        --H. Res. 1283, Of inquiry directing the
         Secretary of the Treasury to provide to
         the House of Representatives a copy of
         the Internal Revenue Service Small
         Business/Self Employed Division Decision
         Memorandum regarding the decision to
         destroy approximately 30,000,000 paper
         information returns around the time of
         March 2021, and any other memorandum
         related to the decision to destroy those
         information returns
        --H. Res. 1288, Of inquiry directing the
         Secretary of Labor to provide to the
         House of Representatives certain
         documents in the Secretary's possession
         relating to Unemployment Insurance fraud
         during the COVID-19 pandemic
        --H. Res. 1246, Of inquiry directing the
         Secretary of the Treasury to provide
         certain documents in the Secretary's
         possession to the House of
         Representatives relating to recovery
         rebates under section 6428B of the
         Internal Revenue Code of 1986
    Markup on September 21........................          1          6
        --H.R. 8876, The Jackie Walorski Maternal
         and Child Home Visiting Reauthorization
         Act of 2022
        --Committee Print 117-1. Improvements to
         Medicare Inpatient and Outpatient Mental
         Health Services
        --Committee Print 117-2. Improvements to
         the Medicare Program Related to Physician
         Services and Education
        --Committee Print 117-3. Requiring
         Coverage of Forensic Medical Exams with
         No Cost Sharing
        --Committee Print 117-4. Improved
         Information in Provider Directories, Plan
         Definitions, and Crisis Services for
         Private Insurance Plans
        --Committee Print 117-5. Improved
         Information for Network Coverage and Plan
         Documents in Private Insurance Plans
    Committee Meeting on December 20..............          1          1
    Consideration of:
        --Documents protected under Internal
         Revenue Code section 6103
------------------------------------------------------------------------

              Appendix I. Jurisdiction of the Committee on
                             Ways and Means


                          A. U.S. Constitution

    Article I, Section 7, of the Constitution of the United 
States provides as follows:

          All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the 
        House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or 
        concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

    In addition, Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution of 
the United States provides the following:

          The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect 
        Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts 
        and . . . To borrow Money on the credit of the United 
        States.

       B. Rule X, Clause 1, Rules of the House of Representatives

    Rule X, clause 1(t), of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives, in effect during the 110th Congress, provides 
for the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means, as 
follows:

          (t) Committee on Ways and Means.
                  (1) Customs revenue, collection districts, 
                and ports of entry and delivery.
                  (2) Reciprocal trade agreements.
                  (3) Revenue measures generally.
                  (4) Revenue measures relating to insular 
                possessions.
                  (5) Bonded debt of the United States, subject 
                to the last sentence of clause 4(f). Clause 
                4(f) requires the Committee on Ways and Means 
                to include in its annual report to the 
                Committee on the Budget a specific 
                recommendation, made after holding public 
                hearings, as to the appropriate level of the 
                public debt that should be set forth in the 
                concurrent resolution on the budget.
                  (6) Deposit of public monies.
                  (7) Transportation of dutiable goods.
                  (8) Tax exempt foundations and charitable 
                trusts.
                  (9) National Social Security (except health 
                care and facilities programs that are supported 
                from general revenues as opposed to payroll 
                deductions and except work incentive programs).

             Brief Description of Committee's Jurisdiction

    The foregoing recitation of the provisions of House Rule X, 
clause 1, paragraph (t), does not convey the comprehensive 
nature of the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means. 
The following summary provides a more complete description:

          (1) Federal revenue measures generally--The Committee 
        on Ways and Means has the responsibility for raising 
        the revenue required to finance the Federal Government. 
        This includes individual and corporate income taxes, 
        excise taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and other 
        miscellaneous taxes.
          (2) The bonded debt of the United States--The 
        Committee on Ways and Means has jurisdiction over the 
        authority of the Federal Government to borrow money. 
        Title 31 of Chapter 31 of the U.S. Code authorizes the 
        Secretary of the Treasury to conduct any necessary 
        public borrowing subject to a maximum limit on the 
        amount of borrowing outstanding at any one time. On 
        October 17, 2013, the President signed into law H.R. 
        2775, ``The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014'' 
        (Public Law 113-46) suspending the statutory limit on 
        the amount of public debt (``the debt ceiling'') until 
        February 7, 2014. All debt occurred during the time 
        period of October 17, 2013 and February 7, 2014, will 
        be added to the previous debt ceiling of $16.699 
        trillion. The Committee's jurisdiction also includes 
        conditions under which the U.S. Department of the 
        Treasury manages the Federal debt, such as restrictions 
        on the conditions under which certain debt instruments 
        are sold.
          (3) National Social Security program--The Committee 
        on Ways and Means has jurisdiction over most of the 
        programs authorized by the Social Security Act, which 
        includes not only those programs that are normally 
        referred to colloquially as ``Social Security'' but 
        also social insurance programs and a whole series of 
        grant-in-aid programs to State governments for a 
        variety of purposes. The Social Security Act, as 
        amended, contains 21 titles (a few of which have either 
        expired or have been repealed). The principal programs 
        established by the Social Security Act and under the 
        jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means in the 
        112th Congress can be outlined as follows:
                  (a) Old-age, survivors, and disability 
                insurance (Title II)--At present, there are 
                approximately 163 million workers in employment 
                covered by the program, and for calendar year 
                2012, $774.8 billion in benefits were paid 
                almost 57 million individuals.
                  (b) Medicare (Title XVIII)--Finances health 
                care benefits through the Hospital Insurance 
                trust fund for 41.8 million persons over the 
                age of 65 and for 8.5 million disabled persons. 
                Finances voluntary health care benefits through 
                the Supplementary Medical Insurance trust fund 
                for 38.7 million aged persons and 7.7 million 
                disabled persons. Total program outlays through 
                these trust funds were $574.2 billion in 2012.
                  (c) Supplemental Security Income (SSI) (Title 
                XVI)--The SI program was inaugurated in January 
                1974 under the provisions of P.L. 92-603, as 
                amended. It replaced the former Federal-State 
                programs for the needy aged, blind, and 
                disabled. In January 2011, 8.9 million 
                individuals received Federal SSI benefits on a 
                monthly basis. Of these 8.9 million persons, 
                approximately 2.1 million were eligible on the 
                basis of age, and 6.8 million on the basis of 
                blindness or disability. Federal expenditures 
                for cash SSI payments in 2012 totaled $48.8 
                billion, while State expenditures for federally 
                administered SSI supplements totaled $3.3 
                billion.
                  (d) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families 
                (TANF) (part A of Title IV)--The TANF program 
                is a block grant of about $16.5 billion awarded 
                to States to provide income assistance to poor 
                families, to end dependency on welfare benefits 
                to prevent non-marital births, and to encourage 
                marriage, among other purposes. In most cases, 
                Federal TANF benefits for individuals are 
                limited to 5 years and individuals must work to 
                maintain their eligibility. In June 2013, about 
                1.7 million families and 4.0 million 
                individuals received benefits from the TANF 
                program.
                  (e) Child support enforcement (Part D of 
                Title IV)--In fiscal year 2012 Federal 
                administrative expenditures totaled $5.6 
                billion for child support enforcement program. 
                Child support collections for the year totaled 
                $27.7 billion.
                  (f) Child welfare, foster care, and adoption 
                assistance (parts B and E of Title IV)--Titles 
                IV B and E provide funds to States for child 
                welfare services for abused and neglected 
                children; foster care for children who meet Aid 
                to Families with Dependent Children eligibility 
                criteria; and adoption assistance for children 
                with special needs. In fiscal year 2013, 
                Federal funding for child welfare services 
                totaled $688 million. Federal funding for 
                foster care and adoption assistance were 
                approximately $6.7 billion.
                  (g) Unemployment compensation programs 
                (Titles III, IX, and XII)--These titles 
                authorize the Federal-State unemployment 
                compensation program and the permanent extended 
                benefits program. In fiscal year 2012, an 
                estimated $68.0 billion was paid in 
                unemployment compensation, with approximately 
                8.3 million workers receiving their first 
                unemployment compensation payment.
                  (h) Social services (Title XX)--Title XX 
                authorizes the Federal Government to reimburse 
                the States for money spent to provide persons 
                with various services. Generally, the specific 
                services provided are determined by each State. 
                In fiscal year 2012, $1.7 billion was 
                appropriated. These funds are allocated on the 
                basis of population.
          (4) Trade and tariff legislation--The Committee on 
        Ways and Means has responsibility over legislation 
        relating to tariffs, import trade, and trade 
        negotiations. In the early days of the Republic, tariff 
        and customs receipts were major sources of revenue for 
        the Federal Government. As the Committee with 
        jurisdiction over revenue-raising measures, the 
        Committee on Ways and Means thus evolved as the primary 
        Committee responsible for international trade policy.
    The Constitution vests the power to levy tariffs and to 
regulate international commerce specifically in the Congress as 
one of its enumerated powers. Statutes including the Reciprocal 
Trade Agreements Acts beginning in 1934, Trade Expansion Act of 
1962, Trade Act of 1974, Trade Agreements Act of 1979, Trade 
and Tariff Act of 1984, Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act 
of 1988, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 
Implementation Act, Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Trade Act of 
2002, and other legislation implementing U.S. obligations under 
trade agreements implementing bills provide the basis for U.S. 
bargaining with other countries and the means to achieve the 
mutual reduction of tariff and nontariff trade barriers under 
reciprocal trade agreements.
    The Committee's jurisdiction includes the following 
authorities and programs:
          (a) The tariff schedules and all tariff preference 
        programs, such as the General System of Preferences, 
        the Caribbean Basin Initiative, the Africa Growth and 
        Opportunity Act, the Andean Trade Preferences Act, and 
        the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Growth Act;
          (b) Laws dealing with unfair trade practices, 
        including the antidumping law, countervailing duty law, 
        section 301, and section 337;
          (c) Other laws dealing with import trade, including 
        section 201 (escape clause), section 232 national 
        security controls, section 22 agricultural 
        restrictions, international commodity agreements, 
        textile restrictions under section 204, and any other 
        restrictions or sanctions affecting imports;
          (d) General and specific trade negotiating authority, 
        as well as implementing authority for trade agreements 
        and the grant of normal-trade-relations (NTR) status;
          (e) Trade Adjustment Assistance programs for workers, 
        firms, farmers, and communities;
          (f) Customs administration and enforcement, including 
        rules of origin and country-of origin marking, customs 
        classification, customs valuation, customs user fees, 
        and U.S. participation in the World Customs 
        Organization (WCO);
          (g) Trade and customs revenue functions of the 
        Department of Homeland Security and the Department of 
        the Treasury.
          (h) Authorization of the budget for the International 
        Trade Commission (ITC), functions of the Department of 
        Homeland Security under the Committee's jurisdiction 
        (including the Bureaus of Customs and Border Protection 
        (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 
        and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR).

   C. Revenue Originating Prerogative of the House of Representatives

    The Constitutional Convention debated adopting the British 
model in which the House of Lords could not amend revenue 
legislation sent to it from the House of Commons. Eventually, 
however, the Convention proposed and the States later ratified 
the Constitution providing that ``All bills for raising revenue 
shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate 
may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.'' 
(Article 1, Section 7, clause 1.)
    In order to pass constitutional scrutiny under this 
``origination clause,'' a tax bill must be passed first by the 
House of Representatives. After the House has completed action 
on a bill and approved it by a majority vote, the bill is 
transmitted to the Senate for formal action. The Senate may 
have already reviewed issues raised by the bill before its 
transmission. For example, the Senate Committee on Finance 
frequently holds hearings on tax legislative proposals before 
the legislation embodying those proposals is transmitted from 
the House of Representatives. On occasion, the Senate will 
consider a revenue bill in the form of a Senate or ``S.'' bill, 
and then await passage of a revenue ``H.R.'' bill from the 
House. The Senate then will add or substitute provisions of the 
``S.'' bill as an amendment to the ``H.R.'' bill and send the 
``H.R.'' bill back to the House of Representatives for its 
concurrence or for conference on the differing provisions.

    The House's Exercise of its Constitutional Prerogative: ``Blue 
                               Slipping''

    When a Senate bill or amendment to a House bill infringes 
on the constitutional prerogative of the House to originate 
revenue measures, that infringement may be raised in the House 
as a matter of privilege. That privilege has also been asserted 
on a Senate amendment to a House amendment to a Senate bill 
(see 96th Congress, 1st Session, November 8, 1979, 
Congressional Record p. H10425).
    Note that the House in its sole discretion may determine 
that legislation passed by the Senate infringes on its 
prerogative to originate revenue legislation. In the absence of 
such determination by the House, the Federal courts are 
occasionally asked to rule a certain revenue measure to be 
unconstitutional as not having originated in the House (see 
U.S. v. Munoz-Flores, 495 U.S. 385 (1990)).
    Senate bills or amendments to non-revenue bills infringe on 
the House's prerogative even if they do not raise or reduce 
revenue. Such infringements are referred to as ``revenue 
affecting.'' Thus, any import ban which could result in lost 
customs tariffs must originate in the House (100th Congress, 
1st Session, July 30, 1987 100th Congress, 2nd Session, June 
16, 1988, Congressional Record p. H4356). Offending bills and 
amendments are returned to the Senate through the passage in 
the House of a House Resolution which states that the Senate 
provision: ``in the opinion of the House, contravenes the first 
clause of the seventh section of the first article of the 
Constitution of the United States and is an infringement of the 
privilege of the House and that such bill be respectfully 
returned to the Senate with a message communicating this 
resolution'' (e.g., 100th Congress, 1st Session, July 30, 1987, 
Congressional Record p. H6808).
    This practice is referred to as ``blue slipping'' because 
the resolution returning the offending bill to the Senate is 
printed on blue paper. In other cases, the Committee of the 
Whole House has passed a similar or identical House bill in 
lieu of a Senate bill or amendment (e.g., 91st Congress, 2nd 
Congress, May 11, 1970, Congressional Record pp. H14951-14960). 
The Committee on Ways and Means has also reported bills to the 
House which were approved and sent to the Senate in lieu of 
Senate bills (e.g., 93rd Congress, 1st Session, November 6, 
1973, Congressional Record pp. 36006-36008). In other cases, 
the Senate has substituted a House bill or delayed action on 
its own legislation to await a proper revenue affecting bill or 
amendment from the House (see 95th Congress, 2nd Session, 
September 22, 1978, Congressional Record p. H30960; January 22, 
1980, Congressional Record p. S107).
    Any Member may offer a resolution seeking to invoke Article 
I, Section 7. However, the determination that a bill violates 
the Origination Clause has been traditionally made by Members 
of the Committee on Ways and Means, and the resolution has been 
offered by the Chairman or another Member of the Committee on 
Ways and Means. Because Article I, Section 7 involves the 
privileges of the House, a blue-slip resolution offered by the 
Chairman or other Members of the Committee on Ways and Means 
has been typically adopted by voice vote on the House Floor. 
There have been instances where the House has agreed to not 
deal directly with the issue by tabling a resolution.\2\\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\In cases where the Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means 
did not believe that the bill in question violated the Origination 
Clause or the objection had been dealt with in another manner, 
resolutions offered by other Members of the House have been tabled. 
[See adoption of motion by Representative Rostenkowski to table H. Res. 
571, 97-2, p. 22127.]
    \3\This was an instance where the Chairman of the Committee on Ways 
and Means raised a question of the privilege of the House pursuant to 
Article I, Section 7, of the U.S. Constitution on H.R. 4516, 
Legislative Branch Appropriations. The motion was laid on the table.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    On July 24, 2018, through House Resolution 1019, Chairman 
Brady raised a question of the privileges of the House as the 
conference report accompanying H.R. 5515, to authorize 
appropriations for fiscal year 2019 for military activities of 
the Department of Defense, for military personnel strengths for 
such fiscal year, and for other purposes contravened the first 
clause of the seventh section of the first article of the 
Constitution of the United States and was an infringement of 
the privileges of this House. House Resolution 1019 was agreed 
to without objection, and H.R. 5515 was therefore recommitted 
to the Committee on Conference. House Resolution 1019 marked 
the first time the House adopted a resolution that assessed a 
committee on conference had ``originated'' a revenue measure.
    In the 116th Congress, the House did not formally raise a 
question of its privileges as relating to the origination 
clause of the United States Constitution. However, the House 
Ways and Means Committee worked closely with the House 
Leadership and members of the Senate to address constitutional 
infirmities in Senate originated provisions before measures 
were subject to blue slip procedures. For example, the House 
Ways and Means Committee worked with the other Chamber to 
address offending provisions in both the 2020 and 2021 National 
Defense Authorizations Acts.
    S. 1790, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2020, passed the Senate on June 27, 2019 and was held at the 
desk in the House. The House Ways and Means Committee 
identified a revenue provision within Title LXIX, Otto Warmbier 
Banking Restrictions Involving North Korea Act of 2019, which 
imposed a new requirement on the President for the waiver of 
certain sanctions under the North Korea Sanctions and Policy 
Act of 2016. While the Senate had included an exception for the 
importation of goods, it was determined that the drafting did 
not effectively insulate the bill from constitutional scrutiny. 
Upon learning of this deficiency, the Senate requested the 
return of the papers and the House complied with the request. 
The Senate subsequently amended S. 1790 (S. Amdt. 938) by 
unanimous consent to remove the revenue provisions and sent the 
amended bill to the House. The House determined that S. 1790 as 
amended by S. Amdt. 938 did not violate the origination clause 
of the United States Constitution.
    On November 16, 2020 the Senate passed by voice vote H.R. 
6395, National Defense Authorization Act of 2021 with an 
amendment in a nature of a substitute inserting the provisions 
of S. 4049 as passed by the Senate on July 23, 2020, with an 
amendment. The text of the amendment in a nature of a 
substitute omitted sections 3158 and 8159 that had appeared in 
Senate engrossed S. 4049. These two provisions regarding the 
extension and expansion of limitations on uranium were deemed 
as offending revenue provisions and if added as a Senate 
amendment to H.R. 6395 would have violated the origination 
clause of the United States Constitution. With the omission of 
these two provisions in the Senate amendment, the package was 
not subject to formal blue slip procedures and H.R. 6395 
proceeded to conference.

 Appendix II. Statistical Review of the Activities of the Committee on 
                             Ways and Means


      A. Number of Bills and Resolutions Referred to the Committee

    During the 117th Congress, through December 28, 2022, a 
total of 1,752 bills were referred to the Committee, 
representing 7.07 percent of all the public bills introduced in 
the House of Representatives.
    The following table gives a more complete statistical 
review since 1967.

          TABLE 1--NUMBER OF BILLS AND RESOLUTION REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE 90TH THROUGH 117TH CONGRESS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Introduced in       Referred to
                                                                     House            Committee       Percentage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
90th Congress................................................            24,227               3,806         15.7
91st Congress................................................            23,575               3,442         14.6
92nd Congress................................................            20,458               3,157         15.4
93rd Congress................................................            21,096               3,370           16
94th Congress................................................            19,371               3,747         19.3
95th Congress................................................            17,800               3,922           22
96th Congress................................................            10,196               2,337         22.9
97th Congress................................................             9,909               2,377         26.4
98th Congress................................................             8,104               1,904         23.5
99th Congress................................................             7,522               1,568         20.8
100th Congress...............................................             7,043               1,419         22.1
101st Congress...............................................             7,640               1,737         22.7
102nd Congress...............................................             7,771               1,972         25.4
103rd Congress...............................................             6,645               1,496         22.5
104th Congress...............................................             5,329               1,071         20.1
105th Congress...............................................             5,976               1,509         25.2
106th Congress...............................................             6,942               1,762         25.3
107th Congress...............................................             7,029               1,941         27.6
108th Congress...............................................             6,953               1,541         22.2
109th Congress...............................................             8,152               2,152         26.4
110th Congress...............................................             9,319               2,386         25.6
111th Congress...............................................             8,780               1,764         20.1
112th Congress...............................................             7,842               2,581         32.9
113th Congress...............................................            15,908               1,380          8.7
114th Congress...............................................             6,529               1,559         23.9
115th Congress...............................................             8,856               1,497         16.9
116th Congress...............................................            16,587               1,727         10.4
117th Congress...............................................            24,778               1,752         7.07
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Number and Final Status of Bills Reported From the Committee on Ways 
                    and Means in the 117th Congress

    During the 117th Congress, the Committee reported to the 
House a total of 37 bills favorably. There were 12 bills 
containing provisions within the purview of the Committee that 
were passed by both Chambers of the House; 12 were enacted into 
law. This is not indicative of the total number of bills 
considered by the Committee.

     Appendix III. Chairmen of the Committee on Ways and Means and 
 Membership of the Committee from the 1st through the 117th Congresses


    A. Chairmen of the Committee on Ways and Means, 1789 to Present


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Name                           State                    Party               Term of Service
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas Fitzsimons...................  Pennsylvania...........  Federalist............  1789
William L. Smith....................  South Carolina.........  Federalist............  1794 to 1797
Robert G. Harper....................  South Carolina.........  Federalist............  1797 to 1800
Roger Griswold......................  Connecticut............  Federalist............  1800 to 1801
John Randolph.......................  Virginia...............  Jeffersonian            1801 to 1805, 1827
                                                                Republican.
Joseph Clay.........................  Pennsylvania...........  Jeffersonian            1805 to 1807
                                                                Republican.
George W. Campbell..................  Tennessee..............  Jeffersonian            1807 to 1809
                                                                Republican.
John W. Eppes.......................  Virginia...............  Jeffersonian            1809 to 1811
                                                                Republican.
Ezekiel Bacon.......................  Massachusetts..........  Jeffersonian            1811 to 1812
                                                                Republican.
Langdon Cheves......................  South Carolina.........  Jeffersonian            1812 to 1813
                                                                Republican.
John W. Eppes.......................  Virginia...............  Jeffersonian            1813 to 1815
                                                                Republican.
William Lowndes.....................  South Carolina.........  Jeffersonian            1815 to 1818
                                                                Republican.
Samuel Smith........................  Maryland...............  Jeffersonian            1818 to 1822
                                                                Republican.
Louis McLane Delaware...............  Jeffersonian Republican  1822 to 1827..........
George McDuffie.....................  South Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1827 to 1832
Gulian C. Verplanck.................  New York...............  Democrat..............  1832 to 1833
James K. Polk.......................  Tennessee..............  Democrat..............  1833 to 1835
C. C. Cambreleng....................  New York...............  Democrat..............  1835 to 1839
John W. Jones.......................  Virginia...............  Democrat..............  1839 to 1841
Millard Fillmore....................  New York...............  Whig..................  1841 to 1843
James Iver McKay....................  North Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1843 to 1847
Samuel F. Vinton....................  Ohio...................  Whig..................  1847 to 1849
Thomas H. Bayly.....................  Virginia...............  Democrat..............  1849 to 1851
George S. Houston...................  Alabama................  Democrat..............  1851 to 1855
Lewis D. Campbell...................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1855 to 1857
J. Glancy Jones.....................  Pennsylvania...........  Democrat..............  1857 to 1858
John S. Phelps......................  Missouri...............  Democrat..............  1858 to 1859
John Sherman........................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1859 to 1861
Thaddeus Stevens....................  Pennsylvania...........  Republican............  1861 to 1865
Justin S. Morrill...................  Vermont................  Republican............  1865 to 1867
Robert C. Schneck...................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1867 to 1871
Samuel D. Hooper....................  Massachusetts..........  Republican............  1871
Henry L. Dawes......................  Massachusetts..........  Republican............  1871 to 1875
William R. Morrison.................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1875 to 1877
Fernando Wood.......................  New York...............  Democrat..............  1877 to 1881
John R. Tucker......................  Virginia...............  Democrat..............  1881
William D. Kelley...................  Pennsylvania...........  Republican............  1881 to 1883
William R. Morrison.................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1883 to 1887
Roger Q. Mills......................  Texas..................  Democrat..............  1887 to 1889
William McKinley, Jr................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1889 to 1891
William M. Springer.................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1891 to 1893
William L. Wilson...................  West Virginia..........  Democrat..............  1893 to 1895
Nelson Dingley, Jr..................  Maine..................  Republican............  1895 to 1899
Sereno E. Payne.....................  New York...............  Republican............  1899 to 1911
Oscar W. Underwood..................  Alabama................  Democrat..............  1911 to 1915
Claude Kitchin......................  North Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1915 to 1919
Joseph W. Fordney...................  Michigan...............  Republican............  1919 to 1923
William R. Green....................  Iowa...................  Republican............  1923 to 1928
Willis C. Hawley....................  Oregon.................  Republican............  1929 to 1931
James W. Collier....................  Mississippi............  Democrat..............  1931 to 1933
Robert L. Doughton..................  North Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1933 to 1947, 1949
Harold Knutson......................  Minnesota..............  Republican............  1947 to 1949
Daniel A. Reed......................  New York...............  Republican............  1953 to 1955
Jere Cooper.........................  Tennessee..............  Democrat..............  1955 to 1957
Wilbur D. Mills.....................  Arkansas...............  Democrat..............  1957 to 1975
Al Ullman...........................  Oregon.................  Democrat..............  1975 to 1981
Dan Rostenkowski....................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1981 to 1994
Sam Gibbons, Acting Chairman........  Florida................  Democrat..............  1994 to 1995
Bill Archer.........................  Texas..................  Republican............  1995 to 2001
William W. Thomas...................  California.............  Republican............  2001 to 2007
Charles B. Rangel...................  New York...............  Democrat..............  2007 to 2010
Sander M. Levin, Acting Chairman....  Michigan...............  Democrat..............  2010 to 2011
Dave Camp...........................  Michigan...............  Republican............  2011 to 2015
Paul Ryan...........................  Wisconsin..............  Republican............  2015
Kevin Brady.........................  Texas..................  Republican............  2015 to 2018
Richard E, Neal.....................  Massachusetts..........  Democrat..............  2019 to Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

               Tables Showing Membership of the Committee


  MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS FROM THE 1ST THROUGH THE 
                        117TH CONGRESS, BY STATE

[Beginning with the 104th Congress, Intra-Congress Committee Membership 
                         changes are footnoted]


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    MEMBERS                            CONGRESS(ES)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama:
    John McKinley..............................                       23
    David Hubbard..............................                       26
    Dixon H. Lewis.............................                    27-28
    George S. Houston..........................             29-30, 32-33
    James F. Dowdell...........................                       35
    Hilary A. Herbert..........................                       48
    Joseph Wheeler.............................                    53-55
    Oscar W. Underwood.........................                56, 59-63
    Ronnie G. Flippo...........................                   98-101
    Arthur Davis...............................                  110-111
    Terri Sewell...............................                   115 09
Arizona:
    J.D. Hayworth..............................                  105-109
    David Schweikert...........................                     115-
Arkansas:
    James K. Jones.............................                       48
    Clifton R. Breckinridge....................                49-51, 53
    William A. Oldfield........................                    64-70
    Heartsill Ragon............................                    70-73
    William J. Driver..........................                       72
    Claude A. Fuller...........................                    73-75
    Wilbur D. Mills............................                    77-94
    Jim Guy Tucker, Jr.........................                       94
    Beryl Anthony, Jr..........................                       95
    Tim Griffin................................                      113
California:
    Joseph McKenna.............................                    51-52
    Victor H. Metcalf..........................                    57-58
    James C. Needham...........................                    58-62
    William H. Evans...........................                       73
    Frank H. Buck..............................                    74-77
    Bertrand W. Gearhart.......................                    76-80
    Cecil R. King..............................             78-79, 81-90
    James B. Utt...............................                83, 86-91
    James C. Corman............................                    90-96
    Jerry L. Pettis............................                    91-94
    William M. Ketchum.........................                    94-95
    Fortney Pete Stark.........................                   94-112
    John H. Rousselot..........................                    95-97
    Robert T. Matsui...........................                  i97-104
    William M. Thomas..........................                   98-109
    Wally Herger...............................                  103-112
    Xavier Becerra.............................                  103-114
    Mike Thompson..............................                     109-
    Devin Nunes................................                ii109-117
    Linda Sanchez..............................                     113-
    Judy Chu...................................                  iii115-
    Jimmy Panetta..............................                     116-
    Jimmy Gomez................................                     116-
Colorado:
    Robert W. Bonynge..........................                       60
    Charles B. Timberlake......................                    66-72
    John A. Carroll............................                       81
    Donald G. Brotzman.........................                    92-93
    George H. ``Hank'' Brown...................                  100-101
    Scott McInnis..............................                  106-108
    Bob Beauprez...............................                      109
Connecticut:
    Jeremiah Watson............................                        1
    Uriah Tracy................................                        3
    James Hillhouse............................                        4
    Nathaniel Smith............................                      4-5
    Joshua Coit................................                        5
    Roger Griswold.............................                      5-8
    John Davenport.............................                        8
    Jonathon O. Moseley........................                9, 14, 16
    Benjamin Tallmadge.........................                    10-11
    Timothy Pitkin.............................                12-13, 15
    Ralph I. Ingersoll.........................                    21-22
    Samuel D. Hubbard..........................                       30
    James Phelps...............................                    45-46
    Charles A. Russel..........................                    54-57
    Ebenezer J. Hill...........................             58-62, 64-65
    John Q. Tilson.............................                    66-68
    Antoni N. Sadlak...........................                    83-85
    William R. Cotter..........................                    94-97
    Barbara B. Kennelly........................                   98-105
    Nancy L. Johnson...........................                  101-109
    John B. Larson.............................                     109-
Delaware:
    John Vining................................                        1
    Henry Latimer..............................                        3
    John Patten................................                        4
    James A. Bayard, Sr........................                     5, 7
    Caesar A. Rodney...........................                        8
    Louis McLane...............................                    16-19
Florida:
    A. S. Herlong, Jr..........................                    84-90
    Sam M. Gibbons.............................                   91-104
    L. A. ``Skip'' Bafalis.....................                    94-97
    E. Clay Shaw, Jr...........................                  100-109
    Karen L. Thurman...........................                  105-107
    Mark Foley.................................                iv104-109
    Kendrick Meek..............................                  110-111
    Ginny Brown-Waite..........................                      111
    Vern Buchanan..............................                     112-
    Carlos Curbelo.............................                      115
    Stephanie Murphy...........................                  116-117
Georgia:
    James Jackson..............................                        1
    Abraham Baldwin............................                      3-5
    Benjamin Taliaferro........................                        6
    John Milledge..............................                        7
    David Meriwether...........................                      8-9
    William W. Bibb............................                    12-13
    Joel Abbott................................                       15
    Joel Crawford..............................                    15-16
    Wiley Thompson.............................                    17-18
    George R. Gilmer...........................                       20
    Richard H. Wilde...........................                    22-23
    George W. Owens............................                    24-25
    Charles E. Haynes..........................                       25
    Mark A. Cooper.............................                       26
    Absalom H. Chappell........................                       28
    Seaborn Jones..............................                       29
    Robert Toombs..............................                    30-31
    Alexander H. Stephens......................                31-31, 33
    Marshall J. Wellborn.......................                       31
    Howell Cobb................................                       34
    Martin J. Crawford.........................                    35-36
    Benjamin H. Hill...........................                       44
    Henry R. Harris............................                   45, 49
    William H. Felton..........................                       46
    Emory Speer................................                       47
    James H. Blount............................                       48
    Henry G. Turner............................                    50-54
    Charles F. Crisp...........................                       54
    James M. Griggs............................                    60-61
    William G. Brantley........................                    61-62
    Charles R. Crisp...........................                    64-72
    Albert S. Camp.............................                    78-83
    Phillip M. Landrum.........................                    89-94
    Ed Jenkins.................................                   95-102
    Wyche Fowler, Jr...........................                    96-99
    John Lewis.................................                 v103-116
    Mac Collins................................                  104-108
    John Linder................................                  109-111
    Tom Price..................................                vi112-115
    Drew Ferguson..............................                     115-
Hawaii:
    Cecil ``Cec'' Heftel.......................                    96-99
Illinois:
    Daniel P. Cook.............................                       19
    John A. McClernand.........................                       37
    John Wentworth.............................                       39
    John A. Logan..............................                       40
    Samuel S. Marshall.........................                       41
    Horatio C. Burchard........................                    42-45
    William R. Morrison........................                44, 46-49
    William M. Springer........................                       52
    Albert J. Hopkins..........................                    52-57
    Henry S. Boutell...........................                    58-61
    Henry T. Rainey............................             62-66, 68-72
    John A. Sterling...........................                       65
    Ira C. Copley..............................                    66-67
    Carl R. Chindblom..........................                    68-72
    Chester C. Thompson........................                    74-75
    Raymond S. McKeough........................                    76-77
    Charles S. Dewey...........................                       78
    Thomas J. O'Brien..........................                79, 81-88
    Noah M. Mason..............................                    80-87
    Harold C. Collier..........................                    88-93
    Dan Rostenkowski...........................                   88-103
    Abner J. Mikva.............................                    94-96
    Philip M. Crane............................                   94-108
    Marty Russo................................                   96-102
    Mel Reynolds...............................                      103
    Jerry Weller...............................                  105-110
    Rahm Emanuel...............................                  109-110
    Danny K. Davis.............................                111, 113-
    Peter Roskam...............................                     111-
    Aaron Schock...............................                  112-114
    Robert J. Dold.............................                      114
    Darin LaHood...............................                  vii115-
    Brad Schneider.............................                     116-
Indiana:
    David Wallace..............................                       27
    Cyrus L. Dunham............................                       32
    William E. Niblack.........................                   40, 43
    Godlove S. Orth............................                       41
    Michael C. Kerr............................                       42
    Thomas M. Browne...........................                    48-50
    William D. Bynum...........................                   50, 53
    Benjamin F. Shively........................                       52
    George W. Steele...........................                    54-57
    James E. Watson............................                    58-60
    Edgar D. Crumpacker........................                    60-61
    Lincoln Dixon..............................                    62-65
    Harry C. Canfield..........................                    71-72
    John W. Boehne, Jr.........................                    73-77
    Robert A. Grant............................                       80
    Andy Jacobs, Jr............................                   94-104
    Chris Chocola..............................                      109
    Todd Young.................................                  113-114
    Jackie Walorski............................             xxiv115 -117
Iowa:
    John A. Kasson.............................            38, 43, 47-48
    William B. Allison.........................                    39-41
    John H. Gear...............................                   51, 53
    Jonathon P. Dolliver.......................                    54-56
    William R. Green...........................                    63-70
    C. William Ramseyer........................                    70-71
    Otha D. Wearin.............................                       75
    Lloyd Thurston.............................                       75
    Thomas E. Martin...........................                    80-83
    Fred Grandy................................                  102-103
    Jim Nussel.................................                  104-109
Kansas:
    Dudley C. Haskell..........................                       47
    Chester I. Long............................                    56-57
    Charles Curtis.............................                    58-59
    William A. Calderhead......................                    60-61
    Victor Murdock.............................                       63
    Guy T. Helvering...........................                    64-65
    Frank Carlson..............................                    76-79
    Martha E. Keys.............................                    94-95
    Lynn Jenkins...............................                  112-115
    Ron Estes..................................                     115-
Kentucky:
    Alexander D. Orr...........................                        3
    Christopher Greenup........................                        4
    Thomas T. Davis............................                        5
    John Boyle.................................                        8
    Richard M. Johnson.........................                    11-12
    Thomas Montgomery..........................                       13
    David Trimble..............................                    15-16
    Nathan Gaither.............................                       22
    John Pope..................................                       25
    Thomas F. Marshall.........................                       27
    Garrett Davis..............................                       28
    Charles S. Morehead........................                    30-31
    John C. Breckinridge.......................                       33
    Robert Mallory.............................                       38
    James B. Beck..............................                    42-43
    Henry Watterson............................                       44
    John G. Carlisle...........................                46-47, 51
    Joseph C.S. Blackburn......................                       48
    William C.P. Breckinridge..................                    49-50
    Alexander B. Montgomery....................                    52-53
    Walter Evans...............................                    54-55
    Ollie M. James.............................                       62
    Augustus O. Stanley........................                       63
    Frederick M. Vinson........................                    72-75
    Noble J. Gregory...........................                    78-85
    John C. Watts..............................                    86-92
    Jim Bunning................................                  102-105
    Ron Lewis..................................                  106-110
    Geoff Davis................................              viii110-112
Louisiana:
    Thomas B. Robertson........................                       14
    William L. Brent...........................                    19-20
    Walter H. Overton..........................                       21
    Lionel A. Sheldon..........................                       43
    Randall L. Gibson..........................                    45-46
    Charles J. Boatner.........................                       54
    Samuel F. Robertson........................                    55-59
    Robert F. Boussard.........................                       61
    Whitmell P. Martin.........................                    65-70
    Paul H. Mahoney............................                76, 78-79
    Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr......................                    81-91
    Joe D. Waggonner, Jr.......................                    92-95
    W. Henson Moore III........................                    96-99
    William J. Jefferson.......................           103, ix105-109
    Jim McCrery................................                  103-110
    Jimmy Hayes................................                     x104
    Charles W. Boustany, Jr....................                  111-114
    Cedric Richmond............................                    xi116
Maine:
    Peleg Sprague..............................                    19-20
    Francis O.J. Smith.........................                       24
    George Evans...............................                       26
    Israel Washburn, Jr........................                       36
    James G. Blaine............................                       44
    William P. Frye............................                       46
    Thomas B. Reed.............................             48-50, 52-53
    Nelson Dingley, Jr.........................                51, 54-55
    Daniel J. McGillicuddy.....................                       64
Maryland:
    William Smith..............................                        1
    Gabriel Christie...........................                        3
    William Vans Murray........................                        4
    William Hindman............................                      4-5
    William Craik..............................                        5
    Joseph H. Nicholson........................                      6-9
    Nicholas R. Moore..........................                        8
    Roger Nelson...............................                        9
    John Montgomery............................                    10-11
    Alexander McKim............................                       13
    Stevenson Archer...........................                       13
    Samuel Smith...............................                    14-17
    Isaac McKim................................                18, 23-25
    Henry W. Davis.............................                    34-36
    Phillip F. Thomas..........................                       44
    David J. Lewis.............................                    72-75
    Rogers C.B. Morton.........................                    91-92
    Benjamin L. Cardin.........................                  101-109
Massachusetts:
    Elbridge Gerry.............................                        1
    Fisher Ames................................                        3
    Theodore Sedgwick..........................                        4
    Theophilus Bradbury........................                        4
    Harrison Gray Otis.........................                      5-6
    Samuel Sewall..............................                        5
    Isaac Parker...............................                        5
    Bailey Bartlett............................                        6
    Nathan Read................................                        7
    Seth Hastings..............................                        8
    Josiah Quincy..............................                        9
    Ezekial Bacon..............................                    11-12
    Ebenezer Seaver............................                       11
    Henry Shaw.................................                       16
    Henry W. Dwight............................                    19-21
    Benjamin Gorham............................                       23
    Abbott Lawrence............................                   24, 26
    Richard Fletcher...........................                       25
    George N. Briggs...........................                       25
    Leverett Saltonstall.......................                       26
    Robert C. Winthrop.........................                       29
    Charles Hudson.............................                       30
    George Ashmun..............................                       31
    William Appleton...........................                32-33, 37
    Alexander De Witt..........................                       34
    Nathaniel P. Banks.........................                   35, 45
    Samuel Hooper..............................                    37-41
    Henry L. Dawes.............................                    42-43
    Chester W. Chapin..........................                       44
    William A. Russell.........................                    47-48
    Moses T. Stevens...........................                    52-53
    Samuel W. McCall...........................                    56-62
    Andrew J. Peters...........................                    62-63
    Augustus P. Gardner........................                    63-65
    John T. Mitchell...........................                       63
    Allen T. Treadway..........................                    65-78
    Peter F. Tague.............................                    67-68
    John W. McCormack..........................                    72-76
    Arthur D. Healey...........................                       77
    Charles L Gifford..........................                    79-80
    Angier L. Goodwin..........................                80, 82-83
    James A. Burke.............................                    87-95
    James M. Shannon...........................                    96-98
    Brian J. Donnelly..........................                   99-102
    Richard E. Neal............................                     103-
Michigan:
    William A. Howard..........................                    34-36
    Austin Blair...............................                       41
    Henry Waldron..............................                       43
    Omar D. Conger.............................                       46
    Jay A. Hubbell.............................                       47
    William C. Maybury.........................                       49
    Julius C. Burrows..........................                    50-53
    Justin R. Whiting..........................                    52-53
    William A. Smith...........................                       59
    Joseph W. Fordney..........................                    60-67
    James C. McLaughlin........................                    68-72
    Roy O. Woodruff............................                    73-82
    John D. Dingell............................                    74-84
    Victor A. Knox.............................                83, 86-88
    Thaddeus M. Machrowicz.....................                    84-87
    Martha W. Griffiths........................                    87-93
    Charles E. Chamberlain.....................                    91-93
    Richard F. Vander Veen.....................                    93-94
    Guy Vander Jagt............................                   94-102
    William M. Brodhead........................                    95-97
    Sander M. Levin............................                     100-
    Dave Camp..................................                  103-113
    Mike Bishop................................                   xii115
    Dan Kildee.................................                     116-
Minnesota:
    Mark A. Dunnell............................                    46-47
    James A. Tawney............................                    54-58
    James T. McCleary..........................                       59
    Winfield S. Hammond........................                    62-63
    Sydney Anderson............................                       63
    Harold Knutson.............................                    73-80
    Eugene J. McCarthy.........................                    84-85
    Joseph E. Karth............................                    92-94
    Bill Frenzel...............................                   94-101
    Jim Ramstad................................                  104-110
    Erik Paulsen...............................                  111-115
Mississippi:
    Jacob Thompson.............................                       31
    John Sharp Williams........................                    58-59
    James W. Collier...........................                    63-72
    Aaron Lane Ford............................                        7
Missouri:
    James S. Green.............................                       31
    John S. Phelps.............................                    32-37
    Henry T. Blow..............................                       38
    John Hogan.................................                       39
    Gustavus A. Finkelburg.....................                       42
    John C. Tarsney............................                    53-54
    Seth W. Cobb...............................                       54
    Champ Clark................................                    58-61
    Dorsey W. Shackleford......................                    62-63
    Clement C. Dickinson.......................      63-66, 68-70, 72-73
    Charles L. Faust...........................                    69-70
    Richard M. Duncan..........................                    74-77
    Thomas B. Curtis...........................                    83-90
    Frank M. Karsten...........................                    84-90
    Richard A. Gephardt........................                   95-101
    Mel Hancock................................                  103-104
    Kenny Hulshof..............................                  105-110
    Jason Smith................................                     114-
Montana:
    Lee W. Metcalf.............................                       86
    James F. Battin............................                    89-91
Nebraska:
    William J. Bryan...........................                    52-53
    Charles H. Sloan...........................                    63-65
    Ashton C. Shallenberger....................                       73
    Carl T. Curtis.............................                    79-83
    Hal Daub...................................                   99-100
    Peter Hoagland.............................                      103
    Jon Christensen............................                  104-105
    Adrian Smith...............................                     112-
Nevada:
    Francis G. Newlands........................                    56-57
    John Ensign................................                  104-105
    Jon Porter.................................                  109-110
    Shelley Berkley............................                  110-112
    Dean Heller................................              xiii111-112
    Steven Horsford............................                     116-
New Hampshire:
    Samuel Livermore...........................                        1
    Nicholas Gilman............................                      3-4
    Abiel Foster...............................                        5
    Nathaniel A. Haven.........................                       11
    Henry Hubbard..............................                       23
    Charles G. Atherton........................                    25-27
    Moses Norris, Jr...........................                    28-29
    Harry Hibbard..............................                    31-33
    Judd A. Gregg..............................                   99-100
New Jersey:
    Lambert Cadwalader.........................                        1
    Elias Boudinot.............................                        3
    Isaac Smith................................                        4
    Thomas Sinnickson..........................                        5
    James H. Imlay.............................                        6
    William Coxe, Jr...........................                       13
    John L. N. Stratton........................                       37
    William Hughes.............................                       62
    Isaac Bacharach............................                    66-74
    Donald H. McLean...........................                    76-78
    Robert W. Kean.............................                    78-85
    Henry Helstoski............................                       94
    Frank J. Guarini...........................                   96-102
    Dick Zimmer................................                      104
    Bill Pascrell..............................                     110-
New Mexico:
    Clinton P. Anderson........................                       79
New York:
    John Laurance..............................                        1
    John Watts.................................                        3
    Ezekial Gilbert............................                        4
    James Cochran..............................                        5
    Hezekiah L. Hosmer.........................                        5
    Jonas Platt................................                        6
    Killian K. Van Rensselaer..................                        7
    Joshua Sands...............................                        8
    Erastus Root...............................                       11
    John W. Taylor.............................                       13
    Jonathon Fisk..............................                       13
    Thomas J. Oakley...........................                       13
    James W. Wilkin............................                       14
    James Tallmadge, Jr........................                       15
    Albert H. Tracy............................                       16
    Nathaniel Pitcher..........................                       17
    Churchill C. Cambreleng....................             17-18, 23-25
    Dudley Marvin..............................                       19
    Gulian C. Verplanck........................                    20-22
    Aaron Vanderpoel...........................                       26
    Millard Filmore............................                       27
    Daniel D. Barnard..........................                       28
    David L. Seymour...........................                       28
    George O. Rathbun..........................                       28
    Orville Hungerford.........................                       29
    Henry Nicoll...............................                       30
    James Brooks...............................         31-32, 39-40, 42
    William Duer...............................                       31
    Solomon G. Haven...........................                       33
    Russell Sage...............................                       34
    John Kelly.................................                       35
    William B. MacLay..........................
    Elbridge G. Spaulding......................                    36-37
    Erastus Corning............................                       37
    Reuben E. Fenton...........................                       38
    De Witt C. Littlejohn......................                       38
    Henry G. Stebbins..........................                       38
    John V. L. Pruyn...........................                       38
    Roscoe Conkling............................                       39
    Charles H. Winfield........................                       39
    John A. Griswold...........................                       40
    Dennis McCarthy............................                       41
    Ellis H. Roberts...........................                    42-43
    Fernando Wood..............................                    43-46
    Abram S. Hewitt............................                    48-49
    Frank Hiscock..............................                    48-49
    Sereno E. Payne............................                    51-63
    Roswell P. Flower..........................                       51
    William B. Cochran.........................             52-53, 58-60
    George B. McClellan........................                    55-58
    John W. Dwight.............................                       61
    Francis B. Harrison........................                    61-63
    Michael F. Conry...........................                       64
    George W. Fairchild........................                    64-65
    John F. Carew..............................                    65-71
    Luther W. Mott.............................                    66-67
    Alanson B. Houghton........................                       67
    Ogden L. Mills.............................                    67-69
    Frank Crowther.............................                    68-77
    Thaddeus C. Sweet..........................                       70
    Frederick M. Davenport.....................                    70-71
    Thomas H. Cullen...........................                    71-78
    Christopher D. Sullivan....................                    72-76
    Daniel A. Reed.............................                    73-86
    Walter A. Lynch............................                    78-81
    Eugene J. Keogh............................                    82-89
    Albert H. Bosch............................                       86
    Steven B. Derounin.........................                    87-88
    Barber B. Conable, Jr......................                    90-98
    Jacob H. Gilbert...........................                    90-91
    Hugh L. Carey..............................                    91-93
    Otis G. Pike...............................                    93-95
    Charles B. Rangel..........................                   94-114
    Thomas J. Downey...........................                   96-102
    Raymond J. McGrath.........................                   99-102
    Michael R. McNulty.........................          103, xiv104-110
    Amo Houghton...............................                  103-108
    Thomas M. Reynolds.........................                  109-110
    Joseph Crowley.............................                  110-115
    Brian Higgins..............................                     111-
    Christopher Lee............................                    xv112
    Tom Reed...................................               xvi112-117
    Tom Suozzi.................................                  116-117
North Carolina:
    William B. Grove...........................                        3
    Thomas Blount..............................                      4-5
    Robert Williams............................                        5
    David Stone................................                        6
    James Holland..............................                        7
    Willis Alston..............................                10-11, 13
    William Gaston.............................                    13-14
    Abraham Rencher............................                   25, 27
    Henry W. Conner............................                       26
    James I. McKay.............................                    28-30
    Edward Stanly..............................                       32
    William M. Robbins.........................                       45
    Edward W. Pou..............................                    60-61
    Claude Kitchin.............................                    62-67
    Robert L. Doughton.........................                    69-82
    James G. Martin............................                    94-98
    Bob Etheridge..............................                      111
    George Holding.............................                  115-116
    Greg Murphy................................                     117-
North Dakota:
    Martin N. Johnson..........................                    54-55
    George M. Young............................                    66-68
    Byron L. Dorgan............................                   98-102
    Earl Pomeroy...............................                  107-111
    Rick Berg..................................                      112
Ohio:
    William Creighton, Jr......................                       13
    Thomas R. Ross.............................                       16
    Thomas Corwin..............................                    23-24
    Thomas L. Hamer............................                       25
    Taylor Webster.............................                       25
    Samson Mason...............................                    26-27
    John B. Weller.............................                       28
    Samuel F. Vinton...........................                    29-31
    Lewis B. Campbell..........................                    34-35
    John Sherman...............................                       36
    Valentine B. Horton........................                       37
    George B. Pendleton........................                       38
    James A. Garfield..........................                39, 44-46
    Robert C. Schenck..........................                    40-41
    Charles Foster.............................                       43
    Milton Sayler..............................                       45
    William McKinley, Jr.......................             46-47, 49-51
    Frank H. Hurd..............................                       48
    Charles H. Grosvenor.......................                    53-59
    Nicholas Longworth.........................             60-62, 64-67
    Timothy T. Ansberry........................                    62-63
    Alfred G. Allen............................                       64
    George White...............................                       65
    Charles C. Kearns..........................                    68-71
    Charles F. West............................                       73
    Thomas A. Jenkins..........................                    73-85
    Arthur P. Lamneck..........................                    74-75
    Stephen M. Young...........................                       81
    Jackson E. Betts...........................                    86-92
    Donald D. Clancy...........................                    93-94
    Charles A. Vanik...........................                    89-96
    Bill Gradison..............................                   95-103
    Don J. Please..............................                   97-102
    Rob Portman................................              xvii104-109
    Stephanie Tubbs Jones......................             xviii108-110
    Pat Tiberi.................................               xix110-115
    Jim Renacci................................                  113-115
    Brad Wenstrup..............................                   xx115-
Oklahoma:
    Thomas A. Chandler.........................                       67
    James V. McClintic.........................                       73
    Wesley E. Disney...........................                    74-78
    James R. Jones.............................                    94-99
    Bill K. Brewster...........................                      103
    Wes Watkins................................                  105-107
Oregon:
    William R. Ellis...........................                       61
    Willis C. Hawkley..........................                    65-72
    Albert C. Ullman...........................                    87-96
    Mike Kopetski..............................                      103
    Earl Blumenauer............................                     110-
Pennsylvania:
    Thomas Fitzsimons..........................                     1, 3
    Albert Gallatin............................                      4-6
    Henry Woods................................                        6
    John Smilie................................               6-7, 10-12
    Joseph Clay................................                      8-9
    John Rea...................................                       11
    Jonathon Roberts...........................                    12-13
    Samuel D. Ingham...........................                13-14, 18
    John Sergeant..............................                   15, 25
    John Tod...................................                       17
    John Gilmore...............................                    21-22
    Horace Binney..............................                       23
    Richard Biddle.............................                       26
    Joseph R. Insersoll........................                24, 27-29
    James Pollock..............................                       30
    Moses Hampton..............................                       31
    J. Glancy Jones............................                   32, 35
    John Robbins...............................                       33
    James H. Campbell..........................                       34
    Henry M. Phillips..........................                       35
    Thaddeus Stevens...........................                    36-38
    James K. Moorehead.........................                    39-40
    William D. Kelley..........................                    41-50
    Russell Errett.............................                       47
    Samuel J. Randall..........................                       47
    William L. Scott...........................                       50
    Thomas M. Bayne............................                       51
    John Dalzell...............................                    52-62
    John J. Casey..............................                   64, 68
    Henry W. Watson............................                    66-73
    Harris J. Bixler...........................                       69
    Harry A. Estep.............................                    70-72
    Thomas C. Cochran..........................                       73
    Joshua T. Brooks...........................                       74
    Patrick J. Bolland.........................                    76-77
    Benjamin Jarrett...........................                    76-77
    James P. McGranery.........................                    77-78
    Herman P. Eberharter.......................                    78-85
    Richard M. Simpson.........................                    78-86
    William J. Green, Jr.......................                    86-88
    John A. Lafore, Jr.........................                       86
    Walter M. Mumma............................                    86-87
    George M. Rhodes...........................                    88-90
    Herman T. Schneebeli.......................                    87-94
    William J. Green, III......................                    90-94
    Raymond F. Lederer.........................                    95-96
    Dick Schulze...............................                   95-102
    Donald A. Bailey...........................                       97
    William J. Coyne...........................                   99-107
    Rick Santorum..............................                      103
    Philip S. English..........................                  104-110
    Melissa A. Hart............................                      109
    Alyson V. Schwartz.........................             110-111, 113
    Jim Gerlach................................                  112-113
    Mike Kelly.................................                     113-
    Pat Meehan.................................               xxi114-115
     Brendan Boyle.............................                     116-
     Dwight Evans..............................                     116-
    Lloyd Smucker..............................                     117-
Rhode Island:
    Benjamin Bourne............................                      3-4
    Francis Malbone............................                        4
    Elisha R. Potter...........................                        4
    Christopher G. Champlin....................                        5
    John Brown.................................                        6
    Joseph Stanton, Jr.........................                        8
    Daniel L. D. Granger.......................                    59-60
    George F. O'Shaunessy......................                       65
    Richard S. Aldrich.........................                    69-72
    Aime J. Forand.............................                    78-86
South Carolina:
    William L. Smith...........................                      3-5
    Robert Goodloe Harper......................                      5-6
    Abraham Nott...............................                        6
    David R. Williams..........................                        9
    Langdon Cheves.............................                       12
    Theodore Gourdin...........................                       13
    William Lowndes............................                    13-15
    John Taylor................................                       14
    Thomas R. Mitchell.........................                       17
    George McDuffie............................                    18-22
    R. Barnwell Rhett..........................                    25-26
    Francis W. Pickens.........................                       27
    John L. McLaurin...........................                    54-55
    Ken Holland................................                    95-97
    Carroll A. Campbell, Jr....................                    98-99
    Tom Rice...................................                      114
South Dakota:
    Kristi Noem................................                  114-115
Tennessee:
    Andrew Jackson.............................                        4
    William C.C. Claibrone.....................                        5
    William Dickson............................                     7, 9
    George W. Campbell.........................                       10
    Bennett H. Henderson.......................                       14
    Francis Jones..............................                    16-17
    James K. Polk..............................                    22-23
    Cave Johnson...............................                       24
    George W. Jones............................                    31-34
    Horace Maynard.............................                37, 40-42
    Benton McMillan............................                    49-55
    James D. Richardson........................                    55-57
    Cordell Hull...............................             62-66, 68-71
    Edward E. Eslick...........................                       72
    Jere Cooper................................                    72-85
    Howard H. Baker............................                    83-88
    James B. Frazier, Jr.......................                    85-87
    Ross Bass..................................                       88
    Richard H. Fulton..........................                    89-94
    John J. Duncan.............................                   92-100
    Harold E. Ford.............................                   94-104
    Don Sundquist..............................                  101-103
    John S. Tanner.............................                  105-111
    Diane Black................................                  112-115
    David Kustoff..............................                     117-
Texas:
    John Hancock...............................                       44
    Roger Q. Mills.............................                46, 48-51
    Joseph W. Bailey...........................                       55
    Samuel B. Cooper...........................                    56-58
    Choice B. Randell..........................                    60-62
    John N. Gardner............................                    63-71
    Morgan G. Sanders..........................                    72-75
    Milton H. West.............................                    76-80
    Jesse M. Combs.............................                    81-82
    Frank N. Ikard.............................                    84-87
    Bruce Alger................................                    86-88
    Clark W. Thompson..........................                    87-89
    George H. W. Bush..........................                    90-91
    Omar T. Burleson...........................                    90-95
    Bill Archer................................                   93-106
    J.J. Pickle................................                   94-103
    Kent R. Hance..............................                    97-98
    Michael A. Andrews.........................                   99-103
    Sam Johnson................................                  104-115
    Greg Laughlin..............................                  xxii104
    Lloyd Doggett..............................                     104-
    Kevin Brady................................                     107-
    Max Sandlin................................                      108
    Kenny Marchant.............................             xxiii112-116
    Jodey Arrington............................                     116-
Utah:
    Walter K. Granger..........................                       82
Vermont:
    Daniel Buck................................                        4
    Israel Smith...............................                   3-4, 7
    Lewis R. Morris............................                        5
    James Fisk.................................                   10, 12
    Horace Everett.............................                       25
    Justin S. Morrill..........................                    35-39
Virginia:
    James Madison..............................                   1, 3-4
    William B. Giles...........................                        5
    Richard Brent..............................                        5
    Walter Jones...............................                        5
    Leven Powell...............................                        6
    John Nicholas..............................                        6
    John Randolph..............................                  7-9, 20
    James M. Garnett...........................                        9
    John W. Eppes..............................                10-11, 13
    William A. Burwell.........................                12, 14-16
    James Pleasants............................                    12-13
    John Tyler.................................                       16
    Andrew Stevenson...........................                    17-19
    Alexander Smyth............................                    20-21
    Philip P. Barbour..........................                       21
    Mark Alexander.............................                    21-22
    George Loyall..............................                    23-24
    John W. Jones..............................                    25-27
    John M. Botts..............................                       27
    Thomas W. Gilmore..........................                       27
    Thomas H. Bayly............................                   28, 31
    George C. Dromgoole........................                    28-29
    James McDowell.............................                       30
    John Letcher...............................                    34-35
    John S. Millson............................                       36
    John R. Tucker.............................                    44-47
    Claude A. Swanson..........................                    55-58
    A. Willis Robertson........................                    75-79
    Burr P. Harrison...........................                82, 84-87
    W. Pat Jennings............................                    88-89
    Joel T. Broyhill...........................                    88-93
    Joseph L. Fisher...........................                    94-96
    L.F. Payne.................................                  103-104
    Eric Cantor................................                  108-111
    Don Beyer..................................                     116-
Virgin Islands:
     Stacy Plaskett............................                     117-
Washington:
    Francis W. Cushman.........................                       61
    Lindley H. Hadley..........................                    66-72
    Samuel B. Hill.............................                    71-74
    Knute Hill.................................                       77
    Otis H. Holmes.............................                    80-85
    Rodney D. Chandler.........................                  100-102
    Jim McDermott..............................                     102-
    Jennifer Dunn..............................                  104-108
    Dave Reichert..............................                  110-115
    Suzan DelBene..............................                     115-
West Virginia:
    William L. Wilson..........................                50, 52-53
    Joseph H. Gaines...........................                    60-61
    George M. Bowers...........................                    66-67
    Hubert S. Ellis............................                       80
    Carol Miller...............................                     117-
Wisconsin:
    Charles Billinghurst.......................                       34
    Robert M. La Follette......................                        1
    Joseph W. Babcock..........................                    57-59
    James A. Frear.............................             66-68, 71-73
    Thaddeus F. B. Wasielewski.................                    78-79
    John W. Byrnes.............................                    80-92
    William A. Steiger.........................                    94-95
    Jim Moody..................................                  100-102
    Gerald D. Kleczka..........................                  103-105
    Paul Ryan..................................                  106-114
    Ron Kind...................................                     114-
    Gwen Moore.................................                    116-
------------------------------------------------------------------------
iReelected to the 109th Congress; died January 1, 2005.
iiAppointed May 5, 2005; Resigned December 6, 2021.
iiiAppointed February 7, 2017.
ivResigned September 29, 2006.
vDied, July 17, 2020.
viResigned February 10, 2017.
viiAppointed January 9, 2018.
viiiResigned July 31, 2012.
ixAppointed January 25, 1996.
xAppointed January 25, 1996.
xiAppointed September 22, 2020.
xiiAppointed February 14, 2017.
xiiiAppointed to Senate April 27, 2011.
xivDied August 20, 2008.
xvResigned February 9, 2011.
xviAppointed June 13, 2011, Resigned May 10, 2022.
xviiResigned April 29, 2005.
xviiiDied August 21, 2008.
xixResigned January 15, 2018.
xxAppointed May 16, 2018.
xxiResigned April 27, 2018.
xxiiAppointed July 10, 1995.
xxiiiAppointed March 15, 2011.
xxivDied August 3, 2022.

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