[House Report 117-581]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                 Union Calendar No. 422

117th Congress }                                            {  Report
                         HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES        
2d Session     }                                            {  117-581
_______________________________________________________________________

                                     

                                                 

 
 ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE POLITICAL 
                            WILL TO SUCCEED

                               ----------                              

                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

                           COMMITTEE ON RULES
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
                     






 November 16, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on 
            the state of the Union and ordered to be printed
            
            
                           ______

             U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 
 49-521            WASHINGTON : 2022                       
              
            
            



 ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE POLITICAL 
                            WILL TO SUCCEED
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                                                   Union Calendar No. 422          
                                                  
                            
117th Congress   }                                        {  Report                           
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                         
2d Session       }                                        {  117-581
                                                                
_______________________________________________________________________

                                     

                                                


 ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE POLITICAL 
                            WILL TO SUCCEED

                               __________

                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

                           COMMITTEE ON RULES

                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES








 November 16, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on  
            the State of the Union and Ordered to be Printed
            
            
            
            
                          
                       
            
            
            
            
            
                           COMMITTEE ON RULES

               James P. McGovern, Massachusetts, Chairman
Norma J. Torres, California          Tom Cole, Oklahoma,
Ed Perlmutter, Colorado                Ranking Republican
Jamie Raskin, Maryland               Michael C. Burgess, Texas
Mary Gay Scanlon, Pennsylvania       Guy Reschenthaler, Pennsylvania
Joseph D. Morelle, New York          Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota
Mark DeSaulnier, California
Deborah K. Ross, North Carolina
Joe Neguse, Colorado
                       Don Sisson, Staff Director
             Kelly Dixon Chambers, Minority Staff Director
            Samantha Russell, Majority Staff Policy Advisor
                                 ------                                

             Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process

                   Joseph D. Morelle, New York, Chair
Mary Gay Scanlon, Pennsylvania       Michael C. Burgess, Texas,
Deborah K. Ross, North Carolina        Ranking Republican
Joe Neguse, Colorado                 Tom Cole, Oklahoma
James P. McGovern, Massachusetts
                                 ------                                

          Subcommittee on Rules and Organization of the House

                   Norma J. Torres, California, Chair
Ed Perlmutter, Colorado,             Guy Reschenthaler, Pennsylvania,
  Vice Chair                           Ranking Republican
Mary Gay Scanlon, Pennsylvania       Tom Cole, Oklahoma
Joseph D. Morelle, New York
James P. McGovern, Massachusetts
                                 ------                                

                  Subcommittee on Expedited Procedures

                     Jamie Raskin, Maryland, Chair
Deborah K. Ross, North Carolina,     Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota,
  Vice Chair                           Ranking Republican
Norma J. Torres, California          Tom Cole, Oklahoma
Mark DeSaulnier, California
James P. McGovern, Massachusetts

                     LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

                              ----------                              

                          House of Representatives,
                                        Committee on Rules,
                                 Washington, DC, November 16, 2022.
Hon. Cheryl L. Johnson,
Clerk, House of Representatives,
Washington, DC.
    Dear Ms. Johnson: On November 14, 2022, by voice vote, I 
was directed by the Committee on Rules to submit herewith the 
Committee's report entitled, ``Ending Hunger in America: 
Challenges, Opportunities, and the Political Will to Succeed''.
            Sincerely,
                                         James P. McGovern,
                                                          Chairman.


                            C O N T E N T S

                               __________

                                                                   Page
Opening From Chairman James P. McGovern of the House Committee on 
  Rules..........................................................     1
HEARING: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND 
  BUILDING THE POLITICAL WILL TO SUCCEED (APRIL 28, 2021)........     3
Congressional Research Service Memo..............................     4
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Dr. Thea James, Vice President of Mission and Associate Chief 
      Medical Officer, Boston Medical Center.....................    14
    Dr. Diane Schanzenbach, Margaret Walker Alexander Professor, 
      Northwestern School of Education and Social Policy.........    17
    Ayesha Curry, Co-Founder, Eat. Learn. Play. Foundation; 
      Ambassador, No Kid Hungry..................................    28
    Heather Reynolds, Managing Director of the Wilson Sheehan Lab 
      for Economic Opportunities, University of Notre Dame.......    32
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``The Safety Net as an Investment'' by Dr. Diane Schanzenbach 
      and Dr. Hilary Hoynes, January 27, 2016....................    36
    ``California must take bold action to support schools and 
      feed children'' by Steph and Ayesha Curry, The San 
      Francisco Chronicle, June 24, 2020.........................    43
    ``It's time for a second Conference on Food, Nutrition and 
      Health'' by Dariush Mozaffarian, Daniel J. Glickman, and 
      Ann Veneman, The Hill, February 26, 2021...................    46
    ``Report of the Anniversary of the White House Conference on 
      Food, Nutrition, and Health: Honoring the Past, Taking 
      Actions for our Future'' from Tufts University, March 2020.    48
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER IN 
  VETERANS AND MILITARY FAMILIES (MAY 27, 2021)..................    87
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Mark Walker, Deputy Director, East Bay, Swords to Plowshares.    88
    Abby J. Leibman, President & CEO of MAZON: A Jewish Response 
      to Hunger..................................................    92
    Kathy Roth-Douquet, CEO of Blue Star Families................   102
    Dr. Colleen Heflin, Professor of Public Administration, and 
      International Affairs in the Maxwell School at Syracuse 
      University.................................................   112
    Chad Morrison, Chief Executive Officer, Mountaineer Food Bank   125
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``Association between Food Insecurity, Mental Health, and 
      Intentions to Leave the US Army in a Cross-Sectional Sample 
      of US Soldiers'' from The Journal of Nutrition, 2021.......   133
    ``2020 Military Family Lifestyle Survey Comprehensive 
      Report'' from Blue Star Families, March 2021...............   141
    ``Pulse Check Report 2021: Military and Veteran Families' 
      Financial Needs'' from Blue Star Families, March 2021......   161
    ``Hungry in the Military: Food Insecurity Among Military 
      Families in the U.S.'' by Abby Leibman and Josh Protas, 
      MAZON, April 2021..........................................   173
    ``Food Insecurity Among Veterans: Resources to Screen and 
      Intervene'' by Dr. Alicia Cohen, Federal Practitioner, 
      January 2020...............................................   194
    ``Food Insecurity Among Military and Veteran Families'' by 
      Colleen Heflin, Center for Aging and Policy Studies, May 
      25, 2021...................................................   202
    ``Study Aims to Show Why Some Veterans Go Hungry'' by 
      Patricia Kime, Military.com, May 30, 2019..................   206
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER AMONG 
  SENIORS AND MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILIES (JUNE 9, 2021)..........   209
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Linda Edge, Lived Experience.................................   210
    Donna Butts, Executive Director, Generations United..........   211
    Vanessa Chambers, Grandma's Hand.............................   221
    Dr. Elaine Waxman, Senior Fellow, The Urban Institute........   224
    Sally Heinz, President & CEO, Metropolitan Inter-Faith 
      Association................................................   231
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``The State of Senior Hunger in America in 2018'' from 
      Feeding America, May 2020..................................   235
    ``The Escalating Problem of Senior Hunger and Isolation in 
      the U.S. 2020'' from Meals on Wheels America, September 
      2020.......................................................   241
    ``Older Americans Act: Nutrition Services Programs 2020'' by 
      Kirsten J. Colello, Congressional Research Service, May 4, 
      2020.......................................................   243
    ``Hunger is a Health Issue for Older Adults: Food Security, 
      Health, and the Federal Nutrition Program'' by Dr. Heather 
      Hartline-Grafton, Food Research and Action Center, December 
      2019.......................................................   245
    ``Subsidized Senior Housing Market Snapshot Report'' from 
      Leading Age, 2019..........................................   255
    ``Healthy Aging Nutrition Matters Start Early and Screen 
      Often'' by Dr. Susan B. Roberts, American Society for 
      Nutrition..................................................   259
    ``Nutrition Assistance Programs: Agencies Could Do More to 
      Help Address the Nutritional Needs of Older Adults'' from 
      GAO, November 2019.........................................   270
    ``LGBT AGING 2025: Strategies for Achieving a Healthy and 
      Thriving LGBT Older Adult Community in Massachusetts'' by 
      Dr. Sean Cahill, The Fenway Institute, December 2020.......   334
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: USING TECHNOLOGY TO COMBAT 
  HUNGER (JUNE 16, 2021).........................................   375
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Jimmy Chen, Founder and CEO, Propel..........................   376
    Erine Gray, Founder and CEO, findhelp.org/Aunt Bertha........   385
    Robert Phillips, President and CEO, Alluma...................   402
    Zareena Meyn, Executive Director, mRelief....................   408
    Amanda Renteria, CEO, Code for America.......................   415
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``Building the Tech-Enabled Safety Net: Public Benefits and 
      Innovation Amid Covid-19'' by Justin King and Karolina 
      Ramos, Aspen Institute, May 2021...........................   422
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: LOCAL INNOVATIONS TO INFORM 
  A NATIONAL STRATEGY (JULY 15, 2021)............................   448
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Krysten Aguilar, Co-Executive Director, La Semilla Food 
      Center.....................................................   449
    Christopher Bradshaw, Founder and Executive Director, 
      Dreaming Out Loud, Inc.....................................   456
    Laura Gustin, Director, Monroe County Systems Integration 
      Project, United Way of Greater Rochester...................   458
    David Zuckerman, Executive Director, Healthcare Anchor 
      Network....................................................   466
    Kate MacKenzie, MS, RD, Executive Director, NYC Mayor's 
      Office of Food Policy......................................   477
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``Food Forward NYC: A 10-Year Food Policy Plan'', The City of 
      New York Mayor Bill de Blasio, February 2021...............   486
    ``2021 Impact Report'' from Roots for the Home Team, April 
      2021.......................................................   533
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER IN U.S. 
  TERRITORIES (JULY 20, 2021)....................................   536
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Jon Fernandez, Superintendent of Education Department in Guam   537
    Kimberley Causey-Gomez, the Commissioner of the Virgin 
      Islands Department of Human Services.......................   541
    Carmen Ana Gonzalez, Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department 
      of the Family..............................................   545
    Tom Tebuteb, Empty Vessel Ministry Foundation................   553
Additional Materials for the Record:
    Letter from Andrew Hammond, Assistant Professor of Law at the 
      University of Florida Levin College of Law, to House Rules 
      Committee Members, July 13, 2021...........................   554
    ``Hunger in the Virgin Islands: America's Struggling 
      Paradise'', Brittany Carter Borgen Magazine, July 23, 2020.   557
    ``Samoa Food Security Profile'', Food and Agriculture 
      Organization of the United Nations.........................   558
    Letter from Muavaefa'atasi John E. Suisala, Director, 
      American Samoa Government Department of Human and Social 
      Services...................................................   562
    Letter from Diana Calvo at Catholic Social Service in Guam, 
      to House Rules Committee Members, July 20, 2021............   569
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: FOOD AS MEDICINE (SEPTEMBER 
  1, 2021).......................................................   572
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Barbara Petee, Executive Director, The Root Cause Coalition..   573
    Karen Pearl, President & CEO, God's Love We Deliver; Chair of 
      the Food is Medicine Coalition.............................   576
    Michel Nischan, Co-Founder & Chairman, Wholesome Wave........   579
    Dr. Steven Chen, Chief Medical Officer, ALL IN Alameda County   584
    Santana Diaz, Director of Culinary Operations; Executive Chef 
      Food & Nutrition Services UC Davis Health..................   597
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``Community Health Centers As Food Oasis Partners: Addressing 
      Food Insecurity for Patients and Communities'', National 
      Association of Community Health Centers, July 2017.........   599
    ``Health Care Without Harm, Healthy Food in Health Care 
      Program'', Health Care Without Harm, 2021..................   655
    Testimony from Dartmouth-Hitchcock Health, April 26, 2021....   659
    ``Children's Hospital Colorado Food as Medicine Health 
      Initiative Statement'', Zach Zaslow, Eve Kutchman, and Dr. 
      Helen Seagle, March 29, 2022...............................   662
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER ON COLLEGE 
  CAMPUSES (SEPTEMBER 8, 2021)...................................   668
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Ruben Canedo, Director of Strategic Initiatives at the 
      University of California, Berkely..........................   669
    Dr. Sarah Goldrick-Rab, President and Founder of the Hope 
      Center for College, Community, and Justice at Temple 
      University.................................................   672
    Dr. Joseph Ray, Acting Director of the Office of Counseling 
      and Career Placement Services at Allen University..........   679
    Dr. Alicia Powers, Managing Director at the Hunger Solutions 
      Institute at Auburn University.............................   682
    Rachel Sumekh, CEO and Founder of Swipe Out Hunger...........   724
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``The Implications of Food Insecurity at a HBCU'' by Dr. 
      Linda Thompson, Howard University, June 13, 2019...........   729
    ``Feed the Pack'' from NC State Food Pantry..................   730
    ``College Students and SNAP: The New Face of Food Insecurity 
      in the United States'', Freudenberg et. al., December 2019.   731
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING THE ROLE SCHOOLS 
  PLAY IN ENDING HUNGER AND IMPROVING NUTRITION (SEPTEMBER 15, 
  2021)..........................................................   738
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Denise Forte, Interim CEO, The Education Trust...............   739
    Chef Ann Cooper, President and Founder, Chef Ann Foundation..   743
    Stephen Ritz, Founder, Green Bronx Machine...................   746
    Moses Thompson, Director, Community and School Garden 
      Program, Manzo Elementary School...........................   758
    Barbara Duffield, Executive Director, Schoolhouse Connection.   763
    Reynaldo Green, VP of Nutrition and Family Well Being, 
      Quality Care for Children..................................   785
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``Chef Ann Foundation Program Reach by State''...............   791
    ``Chef Ann Foundation Impact''...............................   796
    ``Scratch Works: The Collective Power of Good Food in 
      Schools''..................................................   798
    ``National WIC Association Statement'' from the National WIC 
      Association, March 30, 2022................................   799
    Luis Guardia, President, Food Research & Action Center, March 
      30, 2022...................................................   801
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING FAMILY BUDGETS 
  AND FOOD INSECURITY (OCTOBER 13, 2021).........................   821
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Miranda Miller-Klugesherz, Director of Kansas Alliance for 
      Wellness...................................................   822
    Sarah Saadin, Vice President of Public Policy at the National 
      Low Income Housing Coalition...............................   825
    William J. Barber III, Founder and CEO of The Rural Beacon 
      Initiative.................................................   840
    Jamila Michener, Associate Professor of Government and Public 
      Policy, Co-Director of the Center for Health Equity, 
      Cornell University.........................................   843
    Robbie Makinen, President and CEO of the Kansas City Area 
      Transportation Authority...................................   852
    Cliff Johnson, Director of the MacArthur Justice Center at 
      the University of Mississippi School of Law................   854
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``In America's Hunger Crisis, charities and neighbors are 
      lifelines'' by Cassandra Spratling, July 13, 2021..........   859
    ``If Congress Changes Food Stamp Requirements, Kids Will Go 
      Hungry'' by Sarah Bowen, Sinikka Elliott and Annie 
      Hardison-Moody, July 1, 2018...............................   878
    ``A Heartbreaking Choice for Moms: Food or a Family's 
      Future'' by Sarah Bowen, Sinikka Elliott, and Annie 
      Hardison-Moody, August 21, 2019............................   881
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING THE REALITY OF 
  BENEFIT CLIFFS (OCTOBER 27, 2021)..............................   883
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Dr. Stephanie Hoopes, National Director of United for ALICE 
      at United Way of Northern New Jersey.......................   884
    Karen Schoellkopf, Founder and CEO, Leap Fund................   893
    Georgia Allen, Co-Founder & CEO at Soaring Independent 
      Cooperative................................................   900
    Pedro J. Perez, Executive Director, Charlotte Family Housing.   902
    Dr. Brittany Birken, Principal Adviser, Community and 
      Economic Development, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta......   908
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``On Uneven Ground: ALICE and Financial Hardship in the 
      U.S.'', United for ALICE, December 2020....................   912
    The Pandemic Divide: An ALICE Analysis of National COVID 
      Surveys, United for ALICE, October 2021....................   951
    ``Restructuring the Eligibility Policies of the Child Care 
      and Development Fund to Address Benefit Cliffs and 
      Affordability: Florida as a Case Study'', Brittany Birken, 
      et. al., June 2021.........................................  1003
    ``Calculator Pilot Learnings and Coaching During COVID-19 
      Insights'', Leap Fund, October 2020........................  1042
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: FOOD INSECURITY IN RURAL 
  AMERICA (DECEMBER 8, 2021).....................................  1097
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Melissa Sobolik, Chief Executive Officer, Great Plains Food 
      Bank.......................................................  1098
    John L.S. Simpkins, President, MDC...........................  1100
    Chris Bernard, Executive Director, Hunger Free Oklahoma......  1105
    RF Buche, President, GF Buche Company........................  1110
    Rebecca Naragon, Economic Development Director, United South, 
      and Eastern Tribes.........................................  1112
    Dee Davis, President, Center for Rural Strategies............  1118
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``The Food System: Concentration and Its Impact'' by Mary K. 
      Hendrickson, Philip H. Howard, Emily M. Miller and Douglas 
      H. Constance, September 14, 2020...........................  1119
    ``Food Security and Community Resilience Resources'' by Mary 
      K. Hendrickson.............................................  1147
    ```Local is Delicious'; But It's Not Always Easy: A Case 
      Study of the Western Montana Growers Cooperative'', 
      University of Montana, in partnership with the Western 
      Montana Growers Cooperative & Mission Mountain Food 
      Enterprise Center, November 2013...........................  1148
    ``Joint Written Testimony of El Pasoan Fighting Hunger Food 
      Bank and DoorDash'' December 8, 2021.......................  1315
    ``National Grocers Association Statement for the Record'' 
      December 8, 2021...........................................  1319
    ``Rural Grocery Stores are Key to Supporting Rural Community 
      Health'' by Rial Carver, Rural Grocery Initiative..........  1322
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING INDIGENOUS 
  NUTRITION AND FOOD SYSTEMS (FEBRUARY 18, 2022).................  1327
Statement from Chairman Grijalva, Committee on Natural Resources.  1328
Statement from Representative Leger Fernandez....................  1329
Witnesses and Testimony:
    Joe Davis, Chairman, Hoopa Valley Tribe......................  1331
    Carly Griffith Hotvedt, JD, MPA, Associate Director, 
      Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative, University of 
      Arkansas School of Law.....................................  1334
    Ka`eo Duarte, Vice President of Community & 'Aina Resiliency 
      at Kamehameha Schools......................................  1338
    Lexie Holden, Associate Director of Policy & Government 
      Relations for the Intertribal Agriculture Council..........  1345
Additional Materials for the Record:
    ``Regaining Our Future: An Assessment of Risks and 
      Opportunities for Native Communities in the 2018 Farm 
      Bill'', Seeds of Native Health, June 2017..................  1350
    ``Task Force on Supplemental Food Delivery in the WIC Program 
      Recommendations Report,'' Task Force on Supplemental Foods 
      Delivery, September 30, 2021...............................  1493
    Kate Weinograd, Mapetsi Policy Group.........................  1548
LETTERS OF SUPPORT...............................................  1550
Letter from Senator Bob Dole to Chairman McGovern and Ranking 
  Member Cole, April 15, 2021....................................  1551
Letter from Senator Bob Dole to President Biden, February 5, 2021  1552
Letter from The National Education Association to Chairman 
  McGovern, April 27, 2021.......................................  1553
Letter from The Root Cause Coalition to Chairman McGovern, April 
  28, 2021.......................................................  1555
Letter from Food Bank Coalition of Massachusetts to Chairman 
  McGovern, April 28, 2021.......................................  1556
Letter to Secretaries Austin, McDonough, and Vilsack from 
  Chairman McGovern and Representatives Reschenthaler, Raskin, 
  DeSaulnier, Scanlon, and Ross, June 25, 2021...................  1557
Letter to President Biden from House Committee Chairs, September 
  1, 2021........................................................  1561
Letter from AARP, October 25, 2021...............................  1565
Letter from Craig Rice, Council Member, Montgomery County, 
  Maryland, and Chair of NACo Human Services and Education 
  Steering Committee to Chairman McGovern, December 14, 2021.....  1566
Letter from 100+ Institutions on College Hunger to President 
  Biden, December 14, 2021.......................................  1567
Letter from Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, 
  January 7, 2022................................................  1569
Letter from Anti-Hunger Organizations to House and Senate 
  Appropriations Committee Chairs and Rankers, February 7, 2022..  1570
Letter to President Biden from Private Sector Food Companies, 
  March 3, 2022..................................................  1572
Letter from Anti-Hunger Organizations to President Biden, March 
  14, 2022.......................................................  1574
Letter from Faith-Based Leaders to President Biden, March 15, 
  2022...........................................................  1579
Letter from Point32Health, March 21, 2022........................  1593
Statement from Representative Ed Perlmutter (CO-7), April 5, 2022  1594
Statement from Representative Mark DeSaulnier (CA-11), May 2, 
  2022...........................................................  1595
Letter from Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba, PhD, MPH, Executive 
  Director, Children's HealthWatch...............................  1597
Letter from Senator Tom Harkin to Chairman Jim McGovern and 
  Ranking Member Tom Cole........................................  1600
Letter to Honorable Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General at GAO 
  from Chairman Grijalva, Chairman McGovern and Ranking Member 
  Cole...........................................................  1601
Letter from GAO accepting request to review matters relating to 
  food insecurity in tribal communities..........................  1603
BIDEN-HARRIS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL STRATEGY ON HUNGER, 
  NUTRITION, AND HEALTH..........................................  1605  
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