[House Report 117-581]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Union Calendar No. 422
117th Congress } { Report
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
2d Session } { 117-581
_______________________________________________________________________
ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE POLITICAL
WILL TO SUCCEED
----------
R E P O R T
of the
COMMITTEE ON RULES
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
November 16, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on
the state of the Union and ordered to be printed
______
U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
49-521 WASHINGTON : 2022
ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE POLITICAL
WILL TO SUCCEED
Union Calendar No. 422
117th Congress } { Report
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
2d Session } { 117-581
_______________________________________________________________________
ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE POLITICAL
WILL TO SUCCEED
__________
R E P O R T
of the
COMMITTEE ON RULES
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
November 16, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on
the State of the Union and Ordered to be Printed
COMMITTEE ON RULES
James P. McGovern, Massachusetts, Chairman
Norma J. Torres, California Tom Cole, Oklahoma,
Ed Perlmutter, Colorado Ranking Republican
Jamie Raskin, Maryland Michael C. Burgess, Texas
Mary Gay Scanlon, Pennsylvania Guy Reschenthaler, Pennsylvania
Joseph D. Morelle, New York Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota
Mark DeSaulnier, California
Deborah K. Ross, North Carolina
Joe Neguse, Colorado
Don Sisson, Staff Director
Kelly Dixon Chambers, Minority Staff Director
Samantha Russell, Majority Staff Policy Advisor
------
Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process
Joseph D. Morelle, New York, Chair
Mary Gay Scanlon, Pennsylvania Michael C. Burgess, Texas,
Deborah K. Ross, North Carolina Ranking Republican
Joe Neguse, Colorado Tom Cole, Oklahoma
James P. McGovern, Massachusetts
------
Subcommittee on Rules and Organization of the House
Norma J. Torres, California, Chair
Ed Perlmutter, Colorado, Guy Reschenthaler, Pennsylvania,
Vice Chair Ranking Republican
Mary Gay Scanlon, Pennsylvania Tom Cole, Oklahoma
Joseph D. Morelle, New York
James P. McGovern, Massachusetts
------
Subcommittee on Expedited Procedures
Jamie Raskin, Maryland, Chair
Deborah K. Ross, North Carolina, Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota,
Vice Chair Ranking Republican
Norma J. Torres, California Tom Cole, Oklahoma
Mark DeSaulnier, California
James P. McGovern, Massachusetts
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
----------
House of Representatives,
Committee on Rules,
Washington, DC, November 16, 2022.
Hon. Cheryl L. Johnson,
Clerk, House of Representatives,
Washington, DC.
Dear Ms. Johnson: On November 14, 2022, by voice vote, I
was directed by the Committee on Rules to submit herewith the
Committee's report entitled, ``Ending Hunger in America:
Challenges, Opportunities, and the Political Will to Succeed''.
Sincerely,
James P. McGovern,
Chairman.
C O N T E N T S
__________
Page
Opening From Chairman James P. McGovern of the House Committee on
Rules.......................................................... 1
HEARING: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND
BUILDING THE POLITICAL WILL TO SUCCEED (APRIL 28, 2021)........ 3
Congressional Research Service Memo.............................. 4
Witnesses and Testimony:
Dr. Thea James, Vice President of Mission and Associate Chief
Medical Officer, Boston Medical Center..................... 14
Dr. Diane Schanzenbach, Margaret Walker Alexander Professor,
Northwestern School of Education and Social Policy......... 17
Ayesha Curry, Co-Founder, Eat. Learn. Play. Foundation;
Ambassador, No Kid Hungry.................................. 28
Heather Reynolds, Managing Director of the Wilson Sheehan Lab
for Economic Opportunities, University of Notre Dame....... 32
Additional Materials for the Record:
``The Safety Net as an Investment'' by Dr. Diane Schanzenbach
and Dr. Hilary Hoynes, January 27, 2016.................... 36
``California must take bold action to support schools and
feed children'' by Steph and Ayesha Curry, The San
Francisco Chronicle, June 24, 2020......................... 43
``It's time for a second Conference on Food, Nutrition and
Health'' by Dariush Mozaffarian, Daniel J. Glickman, and
Ann Veneman, The Hill, February 26, 2021................... 46
``Report of the Anniversary of the White House Conference on
Food, Nutrition, and Health: Honoring the Past, Taking
Actions for our Future'' from Tufts University, March 2020. 48
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER IN
VETERANS AND MILITARY FAMILIES (MAY 27, 2021).................. 87
Witnesses and Testimony:
Mark Walker, Deputy Director, East Bay, Swords to Plowshares. 88
Abby J. Leibman, President & CEO of MAZON: A Jewish Response
to Hunger.................................................. 92
Kathy Roth-Douquet, CEO of Blue Star Families................ 102
Dr. Colleen Heflin, Professor of Public Administration, and
International Affairs in the Maxwell School at Syracuse
University................................................. 112
Chad Morrison, Chief Executive Officer, Mountaineer Food Bank 125
Additional Materials for the Record:
``Association between Food Insecurity, Mental Health, and
Intentions to Leave the US Army in a Cross-Sectional Sample
of US Soldiers'' from The Journal of Nutrition, 2021....... 133
``2020 Military Family Lifestyle Survey Comprehensive
Report'' from Blue Star Families, March 2021............... 141
``Pulse Check Report 2021: Military and Veteran Families'
Financial Needs'' from Blue Star Families, March 2021...... 161
``Hungry in the Military: Food Insecurity Among Military
Families in the U.S.'' by Abby Leibman and Josh Protas,
MAZON, April 2021.......................................... 173
``Food Insecurity Among Veterans: Resources to Screen and
Intervene'' by Dr. Alicia Cohen, Federal Practitioner,
January 2020............................................... 194
``Food Insecurity Among Military and Veteran Families'' by
Colleen Heflin, Center for Aging and Policy Studies, May
25, 2021................................................... 202
``Study Aims to Show Why Some Veterans Go Hungry'' by
Patricia Kime, Military.com, May 30, 2019.................. 206
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER AMONG
SENIORS AND MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILIES (JUNE 9, 2021).......... 209
Witnesses and Testimony:
Linda Edge, Lived Experience................................. 210
Donna Butts, Executive Director, Generations United.......... 211
Vanessa Chambers, Grandma's Hand............................. 221
Dr. Elaine Waxman, Senior Fellow, The Urban Institute........ 224
Sally Heinz, President & CEO, Metropolitan Inter-Faith
Association................................................ 231
Additional Materials for the Record:
``The State of Senior Hunger in America in 2018'' from
Feeding America, May 2020.................................. 235
``The Escalating Problem of Senior Hunger and Isolation in
the U.S. 2020'' from Meals on Wheels America, September
2020....................................................... 241
``Older Americans Act: Nutrition Services Programs 2020'' by
Kirsten J. Colello, Congressional Research Service, May 4,
2020....................................................... 243
``Hunger is a Health Issue for Older Adults: Food Security,
Health, and the Federal Nutrition Program'' by Dr. Heather
Hartline-Grafton, Food Research and Action Center, December
2019....................................................... 245
``Subsidized Senior Housing Market Snapshot Report'' from
Leading Age, 2019.......................................... 255
``Healthy Aging Nutrition Matters Start Early and Screen
Often'' by Dr. Susan B. Roberts, American Society for
Nutrition.................................................. 259
``Nutrition Assistance Programs: Agencies Could Do More to
Help Address the Nutritional Needs of Older Adults'' from
GAO, November 2019......................................... 270
``LGBT AGING 2025: Strategies for Achieving a Healthy and
Thriving LGBT Older Adult Community in Massachusetts'' by
Dr. Sean Cahill, The Fenway Institute, December 2020....... 334
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: USING TECHNOLOGY TO COMBAT
HUNGER (JUNE 16, 2021)......................................... 375
Witnesses and Testimony:
Jimmy Chen, Founder and CEO, Propel.......................... 376
Erine Gray, Founder and CEO, findhelp.org/Aunt Bertha........ 385
Robert Phillips, President and CEO, Alluma................... 402
Zareena Meyn, Executive Director, mRelief.................... 408
Amanda Renteria, CEO, Code for America....................... 415
Additional Materials for the Record:
``Building the Tech-Enabled Safety Net: Public Benefits and
Innovation Amid Covid-19'' by Justin King and Karolina
Ramos, Aspen Institute, May 2021........................... 422
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: LOCAL INNOVATIONS TO INFORM
A NATIONAL STRATEGY (JULY 15, 2021)............................ 448
Witnesses and Testimony:
Krysten Aguilar, Co-Executive Director, La Semilla Food
Center..................................................... 449
Christopher Bradshaw, Founder and Executive Director,
Dreaming Out Loud, Inc..................................... 456
Laura Gustin, Director, Monroe County Systems Integration
Project, United Way of Greater Rochester................... 458
David Zuckerman, Executive Director, Healthcare Anchor
Network.................................................... 466
Kate MacKenzie, MS, RD, Executive Director, NYC Mayor's
Office of Food Policy...................................... 477
Additional Materials for the Record:
``Food Forward NYC: A 10-Year Food Policy Plan'', The City of
New York Mayor Bill de Blasio, February 2021............... 486
``2021 Impact Report'' from Roots for the Home Team, April
2021....................................................... 533
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER IN U.S.
TERRITORIES (JULY 20, 2021).................................... 536
Witnesses and Testimony:
Jon Fernandez, Superintendent of Education Department in Guam 537
Kimberley Causey-Gomez, the Commissioner of the Virgin
Islands Department of Human Services....................... 541
Carmen Ana Gonzalez, Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department
of the Family.............................................. 545
Tom Tebuteb, Empty Vessel Ministry Foundation................ 553
Additional Materials for the Record:
Letter from Andrew Hammond, Assistant Professor of Law at the
University of Florida Levin College of Law, to House Rules
Committee Members, July 13, 2021........................... 554
``Hunger in the Virgin Islands: America's Struggling
Paradise'', Brittany Carter Borgen Magazine, July 23, 2020. 557
``Samoa Food Security Profile'', Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations......................... 558
Letter from Muavaefa'atasi John E. Suisala, Director,
American Samoa Government Department of Human and Social
Services................................................... 562
Letter from Diana Calvo at Catholic Social Service in Guam,
to House Rules Committee Members, July 20, 2021............ 569
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: FOOD AS MEDICINE (SEPTEMBER
1, 2021)....................................................... 572
Witnesses and Testimony:
Barbara Petee, Executive Director, The Root Cause Coalition.. 573
Karen Pearl, President & CEO, God's Love We Deliver; Chair of
the Food is Medicine Coalition............................. 576
Michel Nischan, Co-Founder & Chairman, Wholesome Wave........ 579
Dr. Steven Chen, Chief Medical Officer, ALL IN Alameda County 584
Santana Diaz, Director of Culinary Operations; Executive Chef
Food & Nutrition Services UC Davis Health.................. 597
Additional Materials for the Record:
``Community Health Centers As Food Oasis Partners: Addressing
Food Insecurity for Patients and Communities'', National
Association of Community Health Centers, July 2017......... 599
``Health Care Without Harm, Healthy Food in Health Care
Program'', Health Care Without Harm, 2021.................. 655
Testimony from Dartmouth-Hitchcock Health, April 26, 2021.... 659
``Children's Hospital Colorado Food as Medicine Health
Initiative Statement'', Zach Zaslow, Eve Kutchman, and Dr.
Helen Seagle, March 29, 2022............................... 662
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING HUNGER ON COLLEGE
CAMPUSES (SEPTEMBER 8, 2021)................................... 668
Witnesses and Testimony:
Ruben Canedo, Director of Strategic Initiatives at the
University of California, Berkely.......................... 669
Dr. Sarah Goldrick-Rab, President and Founder of the Hope
Center for College, Community, and Justice at Temple
University................................................. 672
Dr. Joseph Ray, Acting Director of the Office of Counseling
and Career Placement Services at Allen University.......... 679
Dr. Alicia Powers, Managing Director at the Hunger Solutions
Institute at Auburn University............................. 682
Rachel Sumekh, CEO and Founder of Swipe Out Hunger........... 724
Additional Materials for the Record:
``The Implications of Food Insecurity at a HBCU'' by Dr.
Linda Thompson, Howard University, June 13, 2019........... 729
``Feed the Pack'' from NC State Food Pantry.................. 730
``College Students and SNAP: The New Face of Food Insecurity
in the United States'', Freudenberg et. al., December 2019. 731
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING THE ROLE SCHOOLS
PLAY IN ENDING HUNGER AND IMPROVING NUTRITION (SEPTEMBER 15,
2021).......................................................... 738
Witnesses and Testimony:
Denise Forte, Interim CEO, The Education Trust............... 739
Chef Ann Cooper, President and Founder, Chef Ann Foundation.. 743
Stephen Ritz, Founder, Green Bronx Machine................... 746
Moses Thompson, Director, Community and School Garden
Program, Manzo Elementary School........................... 758
Barbara Duffield, Executive Director, Schoolhouse Connection. 763
Reynaldo Green, VP of Nutrition and Family Well Being,
Quality Care for Children.................................. 785
Additional Materials for the Record:
``Chef Ann Foundation Program Reach by State''............... 791
``Chef Ann Foundation Impact''............................... 796
``Scratch Works: The Collective Power of Good Food in
Schools''.................................................. 798
``National WIC Association Statement'' from the National WIC
Association, March 30, 2022................................ 799
Luis Guardia, President, Food Research & Action Center, March
30, 2022................................................... 801
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING FAMILY BUDGETS
AND FOOD INSECURITY (OCTOBER 13, 2021)......................... 821
Witnesses and Testimony:
Miranda Miller-Klugesherz, Director of Kansas Alliance for
Wellness................................................... 822
Sarah Saadin, Vice President of Public Policy at the National
Low Income Housing Coalition............................... 825
William J. Barber III, Founder and CEO of The Rural Beacon
Initiative................................................. 840
Jamila Michener, Associate Professor of Government and Public
Policy, Co-Director of the Center for Health Equity,
Cornell University......................................... 843
Robbie Makinen, President and CEO of the Kansas City Area
Transportation Authority................................... 852
Cliff Johnson, Director of the MacArthur Justice Center at
the University of Mississippi School of Law................ 854
Additional Materials for the Record:
``In America's Hunger Crisis, charities and neighbors are
lifelines'' by Cassandra Spratling, July 13, 2021.......... 859
``If Congress Changes Food Stamp Requirements, Kids Will Go
Hungry'' by Sarah Bowen, Sinikka Elliott and Annie
Hardison-Moody, July 1, 2018............................... 878
``A Heartbreaking Choice for Moms: Food or a Family's
Future'' by Sarah Bowen, Sinikka Elliott, and Annie
Hardison-Moody, August 21, 2019............................ 881
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING THE REALITY OF
BENEFIT CLIFFS (OCTOBER 27, 2021).............................. 883
Witnesses and Testimony:
Dr. Stephanie Hoopes, National Director of United for ALICE
at United Way of Northern New Jersey....................... 884
Karen Schoellkopf, Founder and CEO, Leap Fund................ 893
Georgia Allen, Co-Founder & CEO at Soaring Independent
Cooperative................................................ 900
Pedro J. Perez, Executive Director, Charlotte Family Housing. 902
Dr. Brittany Birken, Principal Adviser, Community and
Economic Development, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta...... 908
Additional Materials for the Record:
``On Uneven Ground: ALICE and Financial Hardship in the
U.S.'', United for ALICE, December 2020.................... 912
The Pandemic Divide: An ALICE Analysis of National COVID
Surveys, United for ALICE, October 2021.................... 951
``Restructuring the Eligibility Policies of the Child Care
and Development Fund to Address Benefit Cliffs and
Affordability: Florida as a Case Study'', Brittany Birken,
et. al., June 2021......................................... 1003
``Calculator Pilot Learnings and Coaching During COVID-19
Insights'', Leap Fund, October 2020........................ 1042
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: FOOD INSECURITY IN RURAL
AMERICA (DECEMBER 8, 2021)..................................... 1097
Witnesses and Testimony:
Melissa Sobolik, Chief Executive Officer, Great Plains Food
Bank....................................................... 1098
John L.S. Simpkins, President, MDC........................... 1100
Chris Bernard, Executive Director, Hunger Free Oklahoma...... 1105
RF Buche, President, GF Buche Company........................ 1110
Rebecca Naragon, Economic Development Director, United South,
and Eastern Tribes......................................... 1112
Dee Davis, President, Center for Rural Strategies............ 1118
Additional Materials for the Record:
``The Food System: Concentration and Its Impact'' by Mary K.
Hendrickson, Philip H. Howard, Emily M. Miller and Douglas
H. Constance, September 14, 2020........................... 1119
``Food Security and Community Resilience Resources'' by Mary
K. Hendrickson............................................. 1147
```Local is Delicious'; But It's Not Always Easy: A Case
Study of the Western Montana Growers Cooperative'',
University of Montana, in partnership with the Western
Montana Growers Cooperative & Mission Mountain Food
Enterprise Center, November 2013........................... 1148
``Joint Written Testimony of El Pasoan Fighting Hunger Food
Bank and DoorDash'' December 8, 2021....................... 1315
``National Grocers Association Statement for the Record''
December 8, 2021........................................... 1319
``Rural Grocery Stores are Key to Supporting Rural Community
Health'' by Rial Carver, Rural Grocery Initiative.......... 1322
ROUNDTABLE: ENDING HUNGER IN AMERICA: EXAMINING INDIGENOUS
NUTRITION AND FOOD SYSTEMS (FEBRUARY 18, 2022)................. 1327
Statement from Chairman Grijalva, Committee on Natural Resources. 1328
Statement from Representative Leger Fernandez.................... 1329
Witnesses and Testimony:
Joe Davis, Chairman, Hoopa Valley Tribe...................... 1331
Carly Griffith Hotvedt, JD, MPA, Associate Director,
Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative, University of
Arkansas School of Law..................................... 1334
Ka`eo Duarte, Vice President of Community & 'Aina Resiliency
at Kamehameha Schools...................................... 1338
Lexie Holden, Associate Director of Policy & Government
Relations for the Intertribal Agriculture Council.......... 1345
Additional Materials for the Record:
``Regaining Our Future: An Assessment of Risks and
Opportunities for Native Communities in the 2018 Farm
Bill'', Seeds of Native Health, June 2017.................. 1350
``Task Force on Supplemental Food Delivery in the WIC Program
Recommendations Report,'' Task Force on Supplemental Foods
Delivery, September 30, 2021............................... 1493
Kate Weinograd, Mapetsi Policy Group......................... 1548
LETTERS OF SUPPORT............................................... 1550
Letter from Senator Bob Dole to Chairman McGovern and Ranking
Member Cole, April 15, 2021.................................... 1551
Letter from Senator Bob Dole to President Biden, February 5, 2021 1552
Letter from The National Education Association to Chairman
McGovern, April 27, 2021....................................... 1553
Letter from The Root Cause Coalition to Chairman McGovern, April
28, 2021....................................................... 1555
Letter from Food Bank Coalition of Massachusetts to Chairman
McGovern, April 28, 2021....................................... 1556
Letter to Secretaries Austin, McDonough, and Vilsack from
Chairman McGovern and Representatives Reschenthaler, Raskin,
DeSaulnier, Scanlon, and Ross, June 25, 2021................... 1557
Letter to President Biden from House Committee Chairs, September
1, 2021........................................................ 1561
Letter from AARP, October 25, 2021............................... 1565
Letter from Craig Rice, Council Member, Montgomery County,
Maryland, and Chair of NACo Human Services and Education
Steering Committee to Chairman McGovern, December 14, 2021..... 1566
Letter from 100+ Institutions on College Hunger to President
Biden, December 14, 2021....................................... 1567
Letter from Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
January 7, 2022................................................ 1569
Letter from Anti-Hunger Organizations to House and Senate
Appropriations Committee Chairs and Rankers, February 7, 2022.. 1570
Letter to President Biden from Private Sector Food Companies,
March 3, 2022.................................................. 1572
Letter from Anti-Hunger Organizations to President Biden, March
14, 2022....................................................... 1574
Letter from Faith-Based Leaders to President Biden, March 15,
2022........................................................... 1579
Letter from Point32Health, March 21, 2022........................ 1593
Statement from Representative Ed Perlmutter (CO-7), April 5, 2022 1594
Statement from Representative Mark DeSaulnier (CA-11), May 2,
2022........................................................... 1595
Letter from Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba, PhD, MPH, Executive
Director, Children's HealthWatch............................... 1597
Letter from Senator Tom Harkin to Chairman Jim McGovern and
Ranking Member Tom Cole........................................ 1600
Letter to Honorable Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General at GAO
from Chairman Grijalva, Chairman McGovern and Ranking Member
Cole........................................................... 1601
Letter from GAO accepting request to review matters relating to
food insecurity in tribal communities.......................... 1603
BIDEN-HARRIS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL STRATEGY ON HUNGER,
NUTRITION, AND HEALTH.......................................... 1605
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