[House Report 117-369]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


117th Congress    }                                      {      Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 2d Session       }                                      {     117-369

======================================================================



 
          MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL MODELING EDUCATION ACT

                                _______
                                

 June 14, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

    Ms. Johnson of Texas, from the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                  Technology, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 3588]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, to whom 
was referred the bill (H.R. 3588) to coordinate Federal 
research and development efforts focused on modernizing 
mathematics in STEM education through mathematical and 
statistical modeling, including data-driven and computational 
thinking, problem, project, and performance-based learning and 
assessment, interdisciplinary exploration, and career 
connections, and for other purposes, having considered the 
same, reports favorably thereon without amendment and 
recommends that the bill do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
   I.  Amendment.......................................................
  II.  Purpose of the Bill............................................2
 III.  Background and Need for the Legislation........................2
  IV.  Committee Hearings.............................................2
   V.  Committee Consideration and Votes..............................3
  VI.  Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill........................3
 VII.  Section-By-Section Analysis (By Title and Section).............3
VIII.  Committee Views................................................4
  IX.  Cost Estimate..................................................4
   X.  Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate......................4
  XI.  Compliance With Public Law 104-4 (Unfunded Mandates)...........5
 XII.  Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations...............5
XIII.  Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives..........5
 XIV.  Federal Advisory Committee Statement...........................5
  XV.  Duplication of Federal Programs................................5
 XVI.  Earmark Identification.........................................6
XVII.  Applicability to the Legislative Branch........................6
XVIII. Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law.........6

 XIX.  Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported..........6
  XX.  Proceedings of the Full Committee Markup.......................6

                        II. PURPOSE OF THE BILL

    The purpose of the bill is to coordinate Federal research 
and development efforts focused on modernizing mathematics in 
STEM education through mathematical and statistical modeling, 
including data-driven and computational thinking, problem, 
project, and performance-based learning and assessment, 
interdisciplinary exploration, and career connections, and for 
other purposes.

              III. BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE LEGISLATION

    Many STEM occupations require computational and data-driven 
discovery, decision making, and predictions using models that 
often must quantify uncertainty, as in weather predictions, 
spread of disease, or financial forecasting.
    The mathematics education provided in PreK-12 schools, 
including statistical problem solving and data science, is not 
keeping pace with the rapidly evolving needs of the public and 
private sector. The resulting STEM skills shortage has forced 
employers to expend resources to train and upskill employees.
    H.R. 3588, the Mathematical and Statistical Modeling 
Education Act, directs the National Science Foundation to 
support research to improve STEM education at the K-12 level, 
including innovations to incorporate mathematical and 
statistical modeling with a real-world context. The legislation 
also provides for a National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine study to assess best practices for 
and barriers to successful implementation of such innovations.
    H.R. 3588 has been endorsed by the American Statistical 
Association (ASA), the Institute for Operations Research and 
the Management Sciences (INFORMS), the Consortium for 
Mathematics and its Applications (COMAP), the American 
Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges (AMATYC), the 
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), the Center 
for Innovation in Education (C!E), and the Business Software 
Alliance (BSA).

                         IV. COMMITTEE HEARINGS

    Pursuant to House rule XIII, clause 3(c)(6), the Committee 
designates the following hearings as having been used to 
develop or consider the legislation:
    On April 28, 2021, and May 6, 2021, the Subcommittee on 
Research and Technology held a two-part hearing to discuss 
opportunities and challenges for leveraging and expanding the 
National Science Foundation mission to continue to advance 
excellent research; improve STEM education and research 
training; increase research accessibility, and accountability; 
and accelerate research to address major societal challenges.

                               WITNESSES:

    April 28, 2021
           Dr. Sethuraman Panchanathan, Director, 
        National Science Foundation
           Dr. Ellen Ochoa, Chair, National Science 
        Board
    May 6, 2021
           Dr. Roger M. Wakimoto, Vice Chancellor for 
        Research and Creative Activities, University of 
        California, Los Angeles
           Ms. Gabriela Cruz Thompson, Director, 
        University Research and Collaboration, Intel Labs, 
        Intel Corporation
           Dr. Mahmud Farooque, Associate Director, 
        Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes, DC and 
        Clinical Associate Professor, School for the Future of 
        Innovation in Society, Arizona State University
           Dr. Gerald Blazey, Vice President for 
        Research and Innovation Partnerships, Northern Illinois 
        University
           Dr. P. Barry Butler, President, Embry-Riddle 
        Aeronautical University

                  V. COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION AND VOTES

    On May 28, 2021, Representatives Chrissy Houlahan and James 
R. Baird introduced H.R. 3588, the Mathematical and Statistical 
Modeling Education Act. The bill was co-sponsored by 
Representatives Jerry McNerney, Deborah K. Ross, Jake Ellzey, 
and Mikie Sherrill. This bill was referred to the House 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
    On April 5, 2022, the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology met to consider H.R. 3588. No amendments to the bill 
text were offered. Representatives James R. Baird, Jerry 
McNerney, and Deborah Ross delivered remarks in support of the 
bill. Acting Chairwoman Zoe Lofgren moved that the Committee 
favorably report the bill, H.R. 3588, to the House with the 
recommendation that the bill be approved. The motion was agreed 
to by a voice vote.

              VI. SUMMARY OF MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE BILL

    H.R. 3588 directs the National Science Foundation to 
support research to improve STEM education at the K-12 level, 
including innovations to incorporate mathematical and 
statistical modeling with a real-world context.
    The bill also provides for a National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study to assess best 
practices for and barriers to successful implementation of such 
innovations.

        VII. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS (BY TITLE AND SECTION)

Section 1. Short title

Section 2. Mathematical and statistical modeling education

    Directs the National Science Foundation to provide grants 
for research and development related to mathematical modeling 
education. Authorizes $10 million for each of fiscal years 2022 
through 2026 to carry out this section.

Section 3. NASEM report on mathematical and statistical modeling 
        education in prekindergarten through 12th grade

    Directs the National Science Foundation to enter into an 
agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
and Medicine to carry out a study to assess opportunities and 
challenges related to implementing innovations in mathematical 
modeling education. Authorizes $1 million for fiscal year 2022 
to carry out this section.

                         VIII. COMMITTEE VIEWS

    The Committee intends for the Director to encourage 
applications that include partnerships with a nonprofit 
organization or an institution of higher education that has 
extensive experience and expertise in increasing and 
diversifying the participation of prekindergarten through grade 
12 students in STEM education activities, including mathematics 
more generally, not necessarily specific to mathematical 
modeling and statistical modeling.

                           IX. COST ESTIMATE

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee adopts as its own the 
estimate of new budget authority, entitlement authority, or tax 
expenditures or revenues contained in the cost estimate 
prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
pursuant to section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974.

              X. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE

                                     U.S. Congress,
                               Congressional Budget Office,
                                      Washington, DC, May 27, 2022.
Hon. Eddie Bernice Johnson,
Chairwoman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
    Dear Madam Chairwoman: The Congressional Budget Office has 
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 3588, the 
Mathematical and Statistical Modeling Education Act.
    If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be 
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Janani 
Shankaran.
            Sincerely,
                                         Phillip L. Swagel,
                                                          Director.
    Enclosure.

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    H.R. 3588 would authorize the appropriation of $10 million 
annually over the 2022-2026 period for the National Science 
Foundation (NSF) to award grants to nonprofit organizations and 
institutions of higher education to develop approaches for 
teaching mathematical modeling in schools, and to report to the 
Congress on those grants. The bill also would authorize the 
appropriation of $1 million in 2022 for the NSF to enter into 
an agreement with the National Academies to study opportunities 
for and barriers to teaching mathematical modeling in schools.
    For this estimate, CBO assumes that the legislation will be 
enacted late in fiscal year 2022 and that the authorized 
amounts will be appropriated each year. As a result of the late 
enactment date, CBO expects that spending would begin in 2023.
    The NSF has awarded grants similar to those authorized 
under the bill in past years; however, using information from 
the agency, CBO estimates that no amounts were allocated for 
that purpose in 2022. Based on historical spending patterns for 
similar programs, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 3588 
would cost $46 million over the 2022-2027 period and $5 million 
after 2027.
    The costs of the legislation, detailed in Table 1, fall 
within budget function 250 (general science, space, and 
technology).

                                         TABLE 1.--INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION UNDER H.R. 3588
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                By fiscal year, millions of dollars--
                                           -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             2022    2023    2024    2025    2026    2027    2028    2029    2030    2031    2032   2022-2027  2022-2032
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Authorization.............................      11      10      10      10      10       0       0       0       0       0       0        51         51
Estimated Outlays.........................       0       6      10      12      10       8       4       1       0       0       0        46         51
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Janani 
Shankaran. The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, 
Deputy Director of Budget Analysis.

                     XI. FEDERAL MANDATES STATEMENT

    H.R. 3588 contains no unfunded mandates.

         XII. COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

    The Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are 
reflected in the body of this report.

      XIII. STATEMENT ON GENERAL PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

    The goal of H.R. 3588 is to support research and 
development to improve mathematics education outcomes by 
increasing PreK-12 student engagement with mathematical 
modeling and statistical modeling using problem-based learning 
with contextualized data and computational tools.

               XIV. FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE STATEMENT

    H.R. 3588 does not create any advisory committees.

                  XV. DUPLICATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee finds that no provision 
of H.R. 3588 establishes or reauthorizes a program of the 
federal government known to be duplicative of another federal 
program, including any program that was included in a report to 
Congress pursuant to section 21 of Public Law 111-139 or the 
most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance.

                      XVI. EARMARK IDENTIFICATION

    Pursuant to clause 9(e), 9(f), and 9(g) of rule XXI, the 
Committee finds that H.R. 3588 contains no earmarks, limited 
tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits.

             XVII. APPLICABILITY TO THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

    The Committee finds that H.R. 3588 does not relate to the 
terms and conditions of employment or access to public services 
or accommodations within the meaning of section 102(b)(3) of 
the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 104-1).

     XVIII. STATEMENT ON PREEMPTION OF STATE, LOCAL, OR TRIBAL LAW

    This bill is not intended to preempt any state, local, or 
tribal law.

       XIX. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

    This legislation does not amend any existing Federal 
statute.

              XX. PROCEEDINGS OF THE FULL COMMITTEE MARKUP



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