[House Report 117-313]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


117th Congress     }                                  {     Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 2d Session        }                                  {     117-313

======================================================================



 
      SMALL BUSINESS MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, SALES, AND BROKERAGE 
                       SIMPLIFICATION ACT OF 2021

                                _______
                                

  May 10, 2022.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

  Ms. Waters, from the Committee on Financial Services, submitted the 
                               following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 935]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Financial Services, to whom was referred 
the bill (H.R. 935) to amend the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 to exempt from registration brokers performing services in 
connection with the transfer of ownership of smaller privately 
held companies, having considered the same, reports favorably 
thereon with an amendment and recommends that the bill as 
amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Purpose and Summary..............................................     4
Background and Need for Legislation..............................     4
Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation...................     5
Hearings.........................................................     5
Committee Consideration..........................................     6
Committee Votes..................................................     6
Statement of Performance Goals and Objectives....................     8
New Budget Authority and C.B.O. Cost Estimate....................     8
Committee Cost Estimate..........................................     9
Federal Mandates Statement.......................................     9
Advisory Committee Statement.....................................     9
Applicability to Legislative Branch..............................     9
Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff 
  Benefits.......................................................    10
Duplicative Federal Programs.....................................    10
Changes in Existing Law..........................................    10

    The amendment is as follows:
  Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the ``Small Business Mergers, Acquisitions, 
Sales, and Brokerage Simplification Act of 2021''.

SEC. 2. REGISTRATION EXEMPTION FOR MERGER AND ACQUISITION BROKERS.

  Section 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 
78o(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
          ``(13) Registration exemption for merger and acquisition 
        brokers.--
                  ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), an M&A broker shall be exempt from registration 
                under this section.
                  ``(B) Excluded activities.--An M&A broker is not 
                exempt from registration under this paragraph if such 
                broker does any of the following:
                          ``(i) Directly or indirectly, in connection 
                        with the transfer of ownership of an eligible 
                        privately held company, receives, holds, 
                        transmits, or has custody of the funds or 
                        securities to be exchanged by the parties to 
                        the transaction.
                          ``(ii) Engages on behalf of an issuer in a 
                        public offering of any class of securities that 
                        is registered, or is required to be registered, 
                        with the Commission under section 12 or with 
                        respect to which the issuer files, or is 
                        required to file, period information, 
                        documents, and reports under subsection (d).
                          ``(iii) Engages on behalf of any party in a 
                        transaction involving a shell company, other 
                        than a business combination related shell 
                        company.
                          ``(iv) Directly, or indirectly through any of 
                        its affiliates, provides financing related to 
                        the transfer of ownership of an eligible 
                        privately held company.
                          ``(v) Assists any party to obtain financing 
                        from an unaffiliated third party without--
                                  ``(I) complying with all other 
                                applicable laws in connection with such 
                                assistance, including, if applicable, 
                                Regulation T (12 C.F.R. 220 et seq.); 
                                and
                                  ``(II) disclosing any compensation in 
                                writing to the party.
                          ``(vi) Represents both the buyer and the 
                        seller in the same transaction without 
                        providing clear written disclosure as to the 
                        parties the broker represents and obtaining 
                        written consent from both parties to the joint 
                        representation.
                          ``(vii) Facilitates a transaction with a 
                        group of buyers formed with the assistance of 
                        the M&A broker to acquire the eligible 
                        privately held company.
                          ``(viii) Engages in a transaction involving 
                        the transfer of ownership of an eligible 
                        privately held company to a passive buyer or 
                        group of passive buyers.
                          ``(ix) Binds a party to a transfer of 
                        ownership of an eligible privately held 
                        company.
                  ``(C) Disqualification.--An M&A broker is not exempt 
                from registration under this paragraph if such broker 
                (and if and as applicable, including any officer, 
                director, member, manager, partner, or employee of such 
                broker)--
                          ``(i) has been barred from association with a 
                        broker or dealer by the Commission, any State, 
                        or any self-regulatory organization; or
                          ``(ii) is suspended from association with a 
                        broker or dealer.
                  ``(D) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this 
                paragraph shall be construed to limit any other 
                authority of the Commission to exempt any person, or 
                any class of persons, from any provision of this title, 
                or from any provision of any rule or regulation 
                thereunder.
                  ``(E) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          ``(i) Business combination related shell 
                        company.--The term `business combination 
                        related shell company' means a shell company 
                        that is formed by an entity that is not a shell 
                        company--
                                  ``(I) solely for the purpose of 
                                changing the corporate domicile of that 
                                entity solely within the United States; 
                                or
                                  ``(II) solely for the purpose of 
                                completing a business combination 
                                transaction (as defined under section 
                                230.165(f) of title 17, Code of Federal 
                                Regulations) among one or more entities 
                                other than the company itself, none of 
                                which is a shell company.
                          ``(ii) Control.--The term `control' means the 
                        power, directly or indirectly, to direct the 
                        management or policies of a company, whether 
                        through ownership of securities, by contract, 
                        or otherwise. There is a presumption of control 
                        if, upon completion of a transaction, the buyer 
                        or group of buyers--
                                  ``(I) has the right to vote 25 
                                percent or more of a class of voting 
                                securities or the power to sell or 
                                direct the sale of 25 percent or more 
                                of a class of voting securities; or
                                  ``(II) in the case of a partnership 
                                or limited liability company, has the 
                                right to receive upon dissolution, or 
                                has contributed, 25 percent or more of 
                                the capital.
                          ``(iii) Eligible privately held company.--The 
                        term `eligible privately held company' means a 
                        privately held company that meets both of the 
                        following conditions:
                                  ``(I) The company does not have any 
                                class of securities registered, or 
                                required to be registered, with the 
                                Commission under section 12 or with 
                                respect to which the company files, or 
                                is required to file, periodic 
                                information, documents, and reports 
                                under subsection (d).
                                  ``(II) In the fiscal year ending 
                                immediately before the fiscal year in 
                                which the services of the M&A broker 
                                are initially engaged with respect to 
                                the securities transaction, the company 
                                meets either or both of the following 
                                conditions (determined in accordance 
                                with the historical financial 
                                accounting records of the company):
                                          ``(aa) The earnings of the 
                                        company before interest, taxes, 
                                        depreciation, and amortization 
                                        are less than $25,000,000.
                                          ``(bb) The gross revenues of 
                                        the company are less than 
                                        $250,000,000.
                                For purposes of this subclause, the 
                                Commission may by rule modify the 
                                dollar figures if the Commission 
                                determines that such a modification is 
                                necessary or appropriate in the public 
                                interest or for the protection of 
                                investors.
                          ``(iv) M&A broker.--The term `M&A broker' 
                        means a broker, and any person associated with 
                        a broker, engaged in the business of effecting 
                        securities transactions solely in connection 
                        with the transfer of ownership of an eligible 
                        privately held company, regardless of whether 
                        the broker acts on behalf of a seller or buyer, 
                        through the purchase, sale, exchange, issuance, 
                        repurchase, or redemption of, or a business 
                        combination involving, securities or assets of 
                        the eligible privately held company, if the 
                        broker reasonably believes that--
                                  ``(I) upon consummation of the 
                                transaction, any person acquiring 
                                securities or assets of the eligible 
                                privately held company, acting alone or 
                                in concert--
                                          ``(aa) will control the 
                                        eligible privately held company 
                                        or the business conducted with 
                                        the assets of the eligible 
                                        privately held company; and
                                          ``(bb) directly or 
                                        indirectly, will be active in 
                                        the management of the eligible 
                                        privately held company or the 
                                        business conducted with the 
                                        assets of the eligible 
                                        privately held company, 
                                        including without limitation, 
                                        for example, by--
                                                  ``(AA) electing 
                                                executive officers;
                                                  ``(BB) approving the 
                                                annual budget;
                                                  ``(CC) serving as an 
                                                executive or other 
                                                executive manager; or
                                                  ``(DD) carrying out 
                                                such other activities 
                                                as the Commission may, 
                                                by rule, determine to 
                                                be in the public 
                                                interest; and
                                  ``(II) if any person is offered 
                                securities in exchange for securities 
                                or assets of the eligible privately 
                                held company, such person will, prior 
                                to becoming legally bound to consummate 
                                the transaction, receive or have 
                                reasonable access to the most recent 
                                fiscal year-end financial statements of 
                                the issuer of the securities as 
                                customarily prepared by the management 
                                of the issuer in the normal course of 
                                operations and, if the financial 
                                statements of the issuer are audited, 
                                reviewed, or compiled, any related 
                                statement by the independent 
                                accountant, a balance sheet dated not 
                                more than 120 days before the date of 
                                the offer, and information pertaining 
                                to the management, business, results of 
                                operations for the period covered by 
                                the foregoing financial statements, and 
                                material loss contingencies of the 
                                issuer.
                          ``(v) Shell company.--The term `shell 
                        company' means a company that at the time of a 
                        transaction with an eligible privately held 
                        company--
                                  ``(I) has no or nominal operations; 
                                and
                                  ``(II) has--
                                          ``(aa) no or nominal assets;
                                          ``(bb) assets consisting 
                                        solely of cash and cash 
                                        equivalents; or
                                          ``(cc) assets consisting of 
                                        any amount of cash and cash 
                                        equivalents and nominal other 
                                        assets.
                  ``(F) Inflation adjustment.--
                          ``(i) In general.--On the date that is 5 
                        years after the date of the enactment of this 
                        paragraph, and every 5 years thereafter, each 
                        dollar amount in subparagraph (E)(iii)(II) 
                        shall be adjusted by--
                                  ``(I) dividing the annual value of 
                                the Employment Cost Index For Wages and 
                                Salaries, Private Industry Workers (or 
                                any successor index), as published by 
                                the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the 
                                calendar year preceding the calendar 
                                year in which the adjustment is being 
                                made by the annual value of such index 
                                (or successor) for the calendar year 
                                ending December 31, 2020; and
                                  ``(II) multiplying such dollar amount 
                                by the quotient obtained under 
                                subclause (I).
                          ``(ii) Rounding.--Each dollar amount 
                        determined under clause (i) shall be rounded to 
                        the nearest multiple of $100,000.''.

SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE.

  This Act and any amendment made by this Act shall take effect on the 
date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

                          Purpose and Summary

    On February 8, 2021, Representative Huizenga introduced 
H.R. 935, the Small Business Mergers, Acquisitions, Sales, and 
Brokerage Simplification Act of 2021, which would codify a 
longstanding SEC no-action letter that exempts certain merger-
and-acquisition brokers from securities registration 
requirements that facilitate the transfer of ownership in 
privately held companies with earnings or revenues under 
specified thresholds, provided such brokers meet certain 
conditions.

                  Background and Need for Legislation

    Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a broker-
dealer must file an application to register with the SEC in 
order to facilitate any sale or purchase of securities. 
Registration is intended to protect investors and sellers from 
brokers who may violate antitrust laws or otherwise disregard 
securities laws. However, the services of a brokerage firms can 
become expensive for small or medium businesses.\1\ Smaller 
companies may lack the resources and knowledge about the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) to properly deal 
with what is required of them. Further, smaller companies do 
not pose the same potential for systemic risks as larger 
companies.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\Investopedia. Selecting Mergers & Acquisitions Advisory Firms 
for Small Businesses, (March 19, 2020).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In 2014, the SEC issued a no-action letter (2014 NAL) in 
response to a letter regarding the sale of a privately held 
company without registering as a broker-dealer pursuant to 
Section 15(b) of the Exchange Act.\2\ This letter provides 
exemptive relief to privately held companies without securities 
registered regarding the registration of broker-dealers. Under 
the 2014 NAL, if a private company does not have securities, or 
is not required to register securities with SEC pursuant to the 
Exchange Act, it may use an unregistered broker to facilitate 
mergers, acquisitions, etc. This provides reasonable 
flexibilities for small and medium businesses that need the 
services of a broker to merge with or acquire other small or 
medium size businesses without creating undue systemic risks. 
By codifying the 2014 NAL, this bill would help ensure these 
flexibilities remain in place.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\See SEC Division of Trading and Markets, No-Action Letter re: 
M&A Brokers, (Jan. 31, 2014).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    H.R. 935 is supported by: the U.S. Chamber of Commerce3 and 
the North American Securities Administrators Association.4 The 
bill or a similar version is opposed by SIFMA5 and Americans 
for Financial Reform.6 A similar version of this bill, H.R. 
477, passed the House in 2017 by a vote of 426-0.

                      Section-by-Section Analysis


Section 1. Short title

           This section establishes the short title of 
        the bill as the ``Small Business Mergers, Acquisitions, 
        Sales, and Brokerage Simplification Act of 2021.''

Section 2. Registration exemption for merger and acquisition brokers

           Section 2 would amend Section 15(b) of the 
        Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by adding new 
        subsections that permits a registration exemption for 
        merger and acquisition brokers (M&A broker) for 
        ``excluded activities'' if such broker does the 
        following: (1) in connection with the transfer of an 
        eligible privately held company, receives, holds, 
        transmits, or has custody of funds or securities that 
        are exchanged between parties in the transaction; (2) 
        engages on behalf of an issuer in a public offering of 
        securities under Section 12 or to which an issuer files 
        periodic information, documents or reports; (3) engages 
        on behalf of any party in a transaction involving a 
        shell company, other than a business combination 
        related shell company; (4) provides financing to the 
        transfer of ownership; (5) assists any party to obtain 
        financing from an unaffiliated third party; (6) 
        represents both the buyer and seller in the same 
        transaction; (7) facilitates a transaction with a group 
        of buyers formed by the M&A broker to acquire the 
        eligible privately held company; (8) engages in a 
        transaction involving the transfer of ownership of a 
        privately held company to a passive buyer or group of 
        passive buyers; and (9) binds a party to a transfer of 
        ownership of an eligible privately held company.
           Section 2 also would statutorily disqualify 
        certain brokers from the exemption to registration if 
        such broker is subject to: (1) suspension or revocation 
        of registration; (2) statutorily disqualified; (3) 
        disqualified under rules adopted by the SEC under 
        section 926 of the Investor Protection and Securities 
        Reform Act of 2010; or by a final order.

Section 3. Effective date

           Section 3 establishes that this Act will 
        take effect 90 days after the enactment of this Act.

                                Hearings

    For the purposes of section 3(c)(6) of House rule XIII, the 
Committee on Financial Services' held a hearing on October 5, 
2021, entitled, ``Oversight of the U.S. Securities and Exchange 
Commission: Wall Street's Cop Is Finally Back on the Beat,'' to 
consider matters related to H.R. 935.

                        Committee Consideration

    The Committee on Financial Services met in open session on 
July 29, 2021, and ordered H.R. 935 to be reported favorably to 
the House with an amendment in the nature of a substitute by a 
voice vote.

                  Committee Votes and Roll Call Votes

    In compliance with clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, the Committee advises that the 
following roll call votes occurred during the Committee's 
consideration of H.R. 935: An amendment in the nature of a 
substitute, no. 7, offered by Mr. Huizenga was AGREED TO by 
voice vote.


	[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

  Statement of Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the Committee

    In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII and clause 
2(b)(1) of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives, 
the Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are 
reflected in the descriptive portions of this report.

             Statement of Performance Goals and Objectives

    Pursuant to clause (3)(c) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the goals of H.R. 935 are to 
facilitate the sale of businesses. To do so, a broker must be 
registered with the SEC. However, it is expensive for small and 
mid-sized businesses to contract with a broker for their 
services. The SEC issued a no action letter that provided 
exemptions for companies without securities and not required to 
register their securities to use unregistered brokers to 
facilitate mergers, sales, and acquisitions. This bill codifies 
the SEC's no action letter permitting for M&A brokers to help 
facilitate the transfer of ownership in privately held 
companies.

               New Budget Authority and CBO Cost Estimate

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives and section 308(a) of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, and pursuant to clause 
3(c)(3) of Rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives and section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act 
of 1974, the Committee has received the following estimate for 
H.R. 935 from the Director of the Congressional Budget Office:


	[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]


    H.R. 935 would exempt certain brokers that perform 
transactions related to ownership transfers of eligible 
privately held companies from the requirement to register with 
the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
    Using information from the SEC, CBO estimates that 
implementing H.R. 935 would cost less than $500,000 for the 
agency to clarify the applicability of regulations regarding 
registration requirements for brokers of mergers and 
acquisitions. Moreover, because the SEC is authorized to 
collect fees each year to offset its annual appropriation, CBO 
expects that the net effect on discretionary spending over the 
2022-2026 period would be negligible, assuming appropriation 
actions consistent with that authority.
    If the SEC increased fees to offset the costs associated 
with implementing the bill, H.R. 935 would increase the cost of 
an existing mandate on private entities required to pay those 
fees. CBO estimates that, on average, the annual incremental 
cost of the mandate would be less than $500,000--well below the 
annual threshold established in the Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act (UMRA) for private-sector mandates ($170 million in 2021, 
adjusted annually for inflation).
    H.R. 935 contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined 
in UMRA.
    The CBO staff contact for this estimate is David Hughes. 
The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy 
Director of Budget Analysis.

                        Committee Cost Estimate

    Clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives requires an estimate and a comparison of the 
costs that would be incurred in carrying out H.R. 935. However, 
clause 3(d)(2)(B) of that rule provides that this requirement 
does not apply when the committee has included in its report a 
timely submitted cost estimate of the bill prepared by the 
Director of the Congressional Budget Office under section 402 
of the Congressional Budget Act.

                       Unfunded Mandate Statement

    Pursuant to Section 423 of the Congressional Budget and 
Impoundment Control Act (as amended by Section 101(a)(2) of the 
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, Pub. L. 104-4), the Committee 
adopts as its own the estimate of federal mandates regarding 
H.R. 935, as amended prepared by the Director of the 
Congressional Budget Office.

                           Advisory Committee

    No advisory committees within the meaning of section 5(b) 
of the Federal Advisory Committee Act were created by this 
legislation.

              Application of Law to the Legislative Branch

    Pursuant to section 102(b)(3) of the Congressional 
Accountability Act, Pub. L. No. 104-1, H.R. 935, as amended, 
does not apply to terms and conditions of employment or to 
access to public services or accommodations within the 
legislative branch.

                           Earmark Statement

    In accordance with clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, H.R. 935 does not contain any 
congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff 
benefits as described in clauses 9(e), 9(f), and 9(g) of rule 
XXI.

                    Duplication of Federal Programs

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee states that no 
provision of H.R. 935 establishes or reauthorizes a program of 
the Federal Government known to be duplicative of another 
federal program, a program that was included in any report from 
the Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to 
section 21 of Public Law 111-139, or a program related to a 
program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal 
Domestic Assistance.

                        Changes to Existing Law

    In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, H.R. 935, as reported, are shown as follows:

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (new matter is 
printed in italics and existing law in which no change is 
proposed is shown in roman):

                    SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


TITLE I--REGULATION OF SECURITIES EXCHANGES

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *



           registration and regulation of brokers and dealers

  Sec. 15. (a)(1) It shall be unlawful for any broker or dealer 
which is either a person other than a natural person or a 
natural person not associated with a broker or dealer which is 
a person other than a natural person (other than such a broker 
or dealer whose business is exclusively intrastate and who does 
not make use of any facility of a national securities exchange) 
to make use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of 
interstate commerce to effect any transactions in, or to induce 
or attempt to induce the purchase or sale of, any security 
(other than an exempted security or commercial paper, bankers' 
acceptances, or commercial bills) unless such broker or dealer 
is registered in accordance with subsection (b) of this 
section.
  (2) The Commission, by rule or order, as it deems consistent 
with the public interest and the protection of investors, may 
conditionally or unconditionally exempt from paragraph (1) of 
this subsection any broker or dealer or class of brokers or 
dealers specified in such rule or order.
  (b)(1) A broker or dealer may be registered by filing with 
the Commission an application for registration in such form and 
containing such information and documents concerning such 
broker or dealer and any persons associated with such broker or 
dealer as the Commission, by rule, may prescribe as necessary 
or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of 
investors. Within forty-five days of the date of the filing of 
such application (or within such longer period as to which the 
applicant consents), the Commission shall--
          (A) by order grant registration, or
          (B) institute proceedings to determine whether 
        registration should be denied. Such proceedings shall 
        include notice of the grounds for denial under 
        consideration and opportunity for hearing and shall be 
        concluded within one hundred twenty days of the date of 
        the filing of the application for registration. At the 
        conclusion of such proceedings, the Commission, by 
        order, shall grant or deny such registration. The 
        Commission may extend the time for conclusion of such 
        proceedings for up to ninety days if it finds good 
        cause for such extension and publishes its reasons for 
        so finding or for such longer period as to which the 
        applicant consents.
The Commission shall grant such registration if the Commission 
finds that the requirements of this section are satisfied. The 
order granting registration shall not be effective until such 
broker or dealer has become a member of a registered securities 
association, or until such broker or dealer has become a member 
of a national securities exchange, if such broker or dealer 
effects transactions solely on that exchange, unless the 
Commission has exempted such broker or dealer, by rule or 
order, from such membership. The Commission shall deny such 
registration if it does not make such a finding or if it finds 
that if the applicant were so registered, its registration 
would be subject to suspension or revocation under paragraph 
(4) of this subsection.
  (2)(A) An application for registration of a broker or dealer 
to be formed or organized may be made by a broker or dealer to 
which the broker or dealer to be formed or organized is to be 
the successor. Such application, in such form as the 
Commission, by rule, may prescribe, shall contain such 
information and documents concerning the applicant, the 
successor, and any persons associated with the applicant or the 
successor, as the Commission, by rule, may prescribe as 
necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the 
protection of investors. The grant or denial of registration to 
such an applicant shall be in accordance with the procedures 
set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection. If the 
Commission grants such registration, the registration shall 
terminate on the forty-fifth day after the effective date 
thereof, unless prior thereto the successor shall, in 
accordance with such rules and regulations as the Commission 
may prescribe, adopt the application for registration as its 
own.
  (B) Any person who is a broker or dealer solely by reason of 
acting as a municipal securities dealer or municipal securities 
broker, who so acts through a separately identifiable 
department or division, and who so acted in such a manner on 
the date of enactment of the Securities Acts Amendments of 
1975, may, in accordance with such terms and conditions as the 
Commission, by rule, prescribes as necessary and appropriate in 
the public interest and for the protection of investors, 
register such separately identifiable department or division in 
accordance with this subsection. If any such department or 
division is so registered, the department or division and not 
such person himself shall be the broker or dealer for purposes 
of this title.
  (C) Within six months of the date of the granting of 
registration to a broker or dealer, the Commission, or upon the 
authorization and direction of the Commission, a registered 
securities association or national securities exchange of which 
such broker or dealer is a member, shall conduct an inspection 
of the broker or dealer to determine whether it is operating in 
conformity with the provisions of this title and the rules and 
regulations thereunder: Provided, however, That the Commission 
may delay such inspection of any class of brokers or dealers 
for a period not to exceed six months.
  (3) Any provision of this title (other than section 5 and 
subsection (a) of this section) which prohibits any act, 
practice, or course of business if the mails or any means or 
instrumentality of interstate commerce is used in connection 
therewith shall also prohibit any such act, practice, or course 
of business by any registered broker or dealer or any person 
acting on behalf of such a broker or dealer, irrespective of 
any use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of 
interstate commerce in connection therewith.
  (4) The Commission, by order, shall censure, place 
limitations on the activities, functions, or operations of, 
suspend for a period not exceeding twelve months, or revoke the 
registration of any broker or dealer if it finds, on the record 
after notice and opportunity for hearing, that such censure, 
placing of limitations, suspension, or revocation is in the 
public interest and that such broker or dealer, whether prior 
or subsequent to becoming such, or any person associated with 
such broker or dealer, whether prior or subsequent to becoming 
so associated--
          (A) has willfully made or caused to be made in any 
        application for registration or report required to be 
        filed with the Commission or with any other appropriate 
        regulatory agency under this title, or in any 
        proceeding before the Commission with respect to 
        registration, any statement which was at the time and 
        in the light of the circumstances under which it was 
        made false or misleading with respect to any material 
        fact, or has omitted to state in any such application 
        or report any material fact which is required to be 
        stated therein.
          (B) has been convicted within ten years preceding the 
        filing of any application for registration or at any 
        time thereafter of any felony or misdemeanor or of a 
        substantially equivalent crime by a foreign court of 
        competent jurisdiction which the Commission finds--
                  (i) involves the purchase or sale of any 
                security, the taking of a false oath, the 
                making of a false report, bribery, perjury, 
                burglary, any substantially equivalent activity 
                however denominated by the laws of the relevant 
                foreign government, or conspiracy to commit any 
                such offense;
                  (ii) arises out of the conduct of the 
                business of a broker, dealer, municipal 
                securities dealer municipal advisor,, 
                government securities broker, government 
                securities dealer, investment adviser, bank, 
                insurance company, fiduciary, transfer agent, 
                nationally recognized statistical rating 
                organization, foreign person performing a 
                function substantially equivalent to any of the 
                above, or entity or person required to be 
                registered under the Commodity Exchange Act (7 
                U.S.C. 1 et seq.) or any substantially 
                equivalent foreign statute or regulation;
                  (iii) involves the larceny, theft, robbery, 
                extortion, forgery, counterfeiting, fraudulent 
                concealment, embezzlement, fraudulent 
                conversion, or misappropriation of funds, or 
                securities, or substantially equivalent 
                activity however denominated by the laws of the 
                relevant foreign government; or
                  (iv) involves the violation of section 152, 
                1341, 1342, or 1343 or chapter 25 or 47 of 
                title 18, United States Code, or a violation of 
                a substantially equivalent foreign statute.
          (C) is permanently or temporarily enjoined by order, 
        judgment, or decree of any court of competent 
        jurisdiction from acting as an investment adviser, 
        underwriter, broker, dealer, municipal securities 
        dealer municipal advisor,, government securities 
        broker, government securities dealer, security-based 
        swap dealer, major security-based swap participant, 
        transfer agent, nationally recognized statistical 
        rating organization, foreign person performing a 
        function substantially equivalent to any of the above, 
        or entity or person required to be registered under the 
        Commodity Exchange Act or any substantially equivalent 
        foreign statute or regulation, or as an affiliated 
        person or employee of any investment company, bank, 
        insurance company, foreign entity substantially 
        equivalent to any of the above, or entity or person 
        required to be registered under the Commodity Exchange 
        Act or any substantially equivalent foreign statute or 
        regulation, or from engaging in or continuing any 
        conduct or practice in connection with any such 
        activity, or in connection with the purchase or sale of 
        any security.
          (D) has willfully violated any provision of the 
        Securities Act of 1933, the Investment Advisers Act of 
        1940, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Commodity 
        Exchange Act, this title, the rules or regulations 
        under any of such statutes, or the rules of the 
        Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, or is unable to 
        comply with any such provision.
          (E) has willfully aided, abetted, counseled, 
        commanded, induced, or procured the violation by any 
        other person of any provision of the Securities Act of 
        1933, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the 
        Investment Company Act of 1940, the Commodity Exchange 
        Act, this title, the rules or regulations under any of 
        such statutes, or the rules of the Municipal Securities 
        Rulemaking Board, or has failed reasonably to 
        supervise, with a view to preventing violations of the 
        provisions of such statutes, rules, and regulations, 
        another person who commits such a violation, if such 
        other person is subject to his supervision. For the 
        purposes of this subparagraph (E) no person shall be 
        deemed to have failed reasonably to supervise any other 
        person, if--
                  (i) there have been established procedures, 
                and a system for applying such procedures, 
                which would reasonably be expected to prevent 
                and detect, insofar as practicable, any such 
                violation by such other person, and
                  (ii) such person has reasonably discharged 
                the duties and obligations incumbent upon him 
                by reason of such procedures and system without 
                reasonable cause to believe that such 
                procedures and system were not being complied 
                with.
          (F) is subject to any order of the Commission barring 
        or suspending the right of the person to be associated 
        with a broker, dealer, security-based swap dealer, or a 
        major security-based swap participant;
          (G) has been found by a foreign financial regulatory 
        authority to have--
                  (i) made or caused to be made in any 
                application for registration or report required 
                to be filed with a foreign financial regulatory 
                authority, or in any proceeding before a 
                foreign financial regulatory authority with 
                respect to registration, any statement that was 
                at the time and in the light of the 
                circumstances under which it was made false or 
                misleading with respect to any material fact, 
                or has omitted to state in any application or 
                report to the foreign financial regulatory 
                authority any material fact that is required to 
                be stated therein;
                  (ii) violated any foreign statute or 
                regulation regarding transactions in 
                securities, or contracts of sale of a commodity 
                for future delivery, traded on or subject to 
                the rules of a contract market or any board of 
                trade;
                  (iii) aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, 
                induced, or procured the violation by any 
                person of any provision of any statutory 
                provisions enacted by a foreign government, or 
                rules or regulations thereunder, empowering a 
                foreign financial regulatory authority 
                regarding transactions in securities, or 
                contracts of sale of a commodity for future 
                delivery, traded on or subject to the rules of 
                a contract market or any board of trade, or has 
                been found, by a foreign financial regulatory 
                authority, to have failed reasonably to 
                supervise, with a view to preventing violations 
                of such statutory provisions, rules, and 
                regulations, another person who commits such a 
                violation, if such other person is subject to 
                his supervision; or
          (H) is subject to any final order of a State 
        securities commission (or any agency or officer 
        performing like functions), State authority that 
        supervises or examines banks, savings associations, or 
        credit unions, State insurance commission (or any 
        agency or office performing like functions), an 
        appropriate Federal banking agency (as defined in 
        section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 
        U.S.C. 1813(q))), or the National Credit Union 
        Administration, that--
                  (i) bars such person from association with an 
                entity regulated by such commission, authority, 
                agency, or officer, or from engaging in the 
                business of securities, insurance, banking, 
                savings association activities, or credit union 
                activities; or
                  (ii) constitutes a final order based on 
                violations of any laws or regulations that 
                prohibit fraudulent, manipulative, or deceptive 
                conduct.
  (5) Pending final determination whether any registration 
under this subsection shall be revoked, the Commission, by 
order, may suspend such registration, if such suspension 
appears to the Commission, after notice and opportunity for 
hearing, to be necessary or appropriate in the public interest 
or for the protection of investors. Any registered broker or 
dealer may, upon such terms and conditions as the Commission 
deems necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for 
the protection of investors, withdraw from registration by 
filing a written notice of withdrawal with the Commission. If 
the Commission finds that any registered broker or dealer is no 
longer in existence or has ceased to do business as a broker or 
dealer, the Commission, by order, shall cancel the registration 
of such broker or dealer.
  (6)(A) With respect to any person who is associated, who is 
seeking to become associated, or, at the time of the alleged 
misconduct, who was associated or was seeking to become 
associated with a broker or dealer, or any person 
participating, or, at the time of the alleged misconduct, who 
was participating, in an offering of any penny stock, the 
Commission, by order, shall censure, place limitations on the 
activities or functions of such person, or suspend for a period 
not exceeding 12 months, or bar any such person from being 
associated with a broker, dealer, investment adviser, municipal 
securities dealer, municipal advisor, transfer agent, or 
nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or from 
participating in an offering of penny stock, if the Commission 
finds, on the record after notice and opportunity for a 
hearing, that such censure, placing of limitations, suspension, 
or bar is in the public interest and that such person--
          (i) has committed or omitted any act, or is subject 
        to an order or finding, enumerated in subparagraph (A), 
        (D), (E), (H), or (G) of paragraph (4) of this 
        subsection;
          (ii) has been convicted of any offense specified in 
        subparagraph (B) of such paragraph (4) within 10 years 
        of the commencement of the proceedings under this 
        paragraph; or
          (iii) is enjoined from any action, conduct, or 
        practice specified in subparagraph (C) of such 
        paragraph (4).
  (B) It shall be unlawful--
          (i) for any person as to whom an order under 
        subparagraph (A) is in effect, without the consent of 
        the Commission, willfully to become, or to be, 
        associated with a broker or dealer in contravention of 
        such order, or to participate in an offering of penny 
        stock in contravention of such order;
          (ii) for any broker or dealer to permit such a 
        person, without the consent of the Commission, to 
        become or remain, a person associated with the broker 
        or dealer in contravention of such order, if such 
        broker or dealer knew, or in the exercise of reasonable 
        care should have known, of such order; or
          (iii) for any broker or dealer to permit such a 
        person, without the consent of the Commission, to 
        participate in an offering of penny stock in 
        contravention of such order, if such broker or dealer 
        knew, or in the exercise of reasonable care should have 
        known, of such order and of such participation.
  (C) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``person 
participating in an offering of penny stock'' includes any 
person acting as any promoter, finder, consultant, agent, or 
other person who engages in activities with a broker, dealer, 
or issuer for purposes of the issuance or trading in any penny 
stock, or inducing or attempting to induce the purchase or sale 
of any penny stock. The Commission may, by rule or regulation, 
define such term to include other activities, and may, by rule, 
regulation, or order, exempt any person or class of persons, in 
whole or in part, conditionally or unconditionally, from such 
term.
  (7) No registered broker or dealer or government securities 
broker or government securities dealer registered (or required 
to register) under section 15C(a)(1)(A) shall effect any 
transaction in, or induce the purchase or sale of, any security 
unless such broker or dealer meets such standards of 
operational capability and such broker or dealer and all 
natural persons associated with such broker or dealer meet such 
standards of training, experience, competence, and such other 
qualifications as the Commission finds necessary or appropriate 
in the public interest or for the protection of investors. The 
Commission shall establish such standards by rules and 
regulations, which may--
          (A) specify that all or any portion of such standards 
        shall be applicable to any class of brokers and dealers 
        and persons associated with brokers and dealers;
          (B) require persons in any such class to pass tests 
        prescribed in accordance with such rules and 
        regulations, which tests shall, with respect to any 
        class of partners, officers, or supervisory employees 
        (which latter term may be defined by the Commission's 
        rules and regulations and as so defined shall include 
        branch managers of brokers or dealers) engaged in the 
        management of the broker or dealer, include questions 
        relating to bookkeeping, accounting, internal control 
        over cash and securities, supervision of employees, 
        maintenance of records, and other appropriate matters; 
        and
          (C) provide that persons in any such class other than 
        brokers and dealers and partners, officers, and 
        supervisory employees of brokers or dealers, may be 
        qualified solely on the basis of compliance with such 
        standards of training and such other qualifications as 
        the Commission finds appropriate.
The Commission, by rule, may prescribe reasonable fees and 
charges to defray its costs in carrying out this paragraph, 
including, but not limited to, fees for any test administered 
by it or under its direction. The Commission may cooperate with 
registered securities associations and national securities 
exchanges in devising and administering tests and may require 
registered brokers and dealers and persons associated with such 
brokers and dealers to pass tests administered by or on behalf 
of any such association or exchange and to pay such association 
or exchange reasonable fees or charges to defray the costs 
incurred by such association or exchange in administering such 
tests.
  (8) It shall be unlawful for any registered broker or dealer 
to effect any transaction in, or induce or attempt to induce 
the purchase or sale of, any security (other than or commercial 
paper, bankers' acceptances, or commercial bills), unless such 
broker or dealer is a member of a securities association 
registered pursuant to section 15A of this title or effects 
transactions in securities solely on a national securities 
exchange of which it is a member.
  (9) The Commission by rule or order, as it deems consistent 
with the public interest and the protection of investors, may 
conditionally or unconditionally exempt from paragraph (8) of 
this subsection any broker or dealer or class of brokers or 
dealers specified in such rule or order.
  (10) For the purposes of determining whether a person is 
subject to a statutory disqualification under section 6(c)(2), 
15A(g)(2), or 17A(b)(4)(A) of this title, the term 
``Commission'' in paragraph (4)(B) of this subsection shall 
mean ``exchange'', ``association'', or ``clearing agency'', 
respectively.
          (11) Broker/dealer registration with respect to 
        transactions in security futures products.--
                  (A) Notice registration.--
                          (i) Contents of notice.--
                        Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), 
                        a broker or dealer required to register 
                        only because it effects transactions in 
                        security futures products on an 
                        exchange registered pursuant to section 
                        6(g) may register for purposes of this 
                        section by filing with the Commission a 
                        written notice in such form and 
                        containing such information concerning 
                        such broker or dealer and any persons 
                        associated with such broker or dealer 
                        as the Commission, by rule, may 
                        prescribe as necessary or appropriate 
                        in the public interest or for the 
                        protection of investors. A broker or 
                        dealer may not register under this 
                        paragraph unless that broker or dealer 
                        is a member of a national securities 
                        association registered under section 
                        15A(k).
                          (ii) Immediate effectiveness.--Such 
                        registration shall be effective 
                        contemporaneously with the submission 
                        of notice, in written or electronic 
                        form, to the Commission, except that 
                        such registration shall not be 
                        effective if the registration would be 
                        subject to suspension or revocation 
                        under paragraph (4).
                          (iii) Suspension.--Such registration 
                        shall be suspended immediately if a 
                        national securities association 
                        registered pursuant to section 15A(k) 
                        of this title suspends the membership 
                        of that broker or dealer.
                          (iv) Termination.--Such registration 
                        shall be terminated immediately if any 
                        of the above stated conditions for 
                        registration set forth in this 
                        paragraph are no longer satisfied.
                  (B) Exemptions for registered brokers and 
                dealers.--A broker or dealer registered 
                pursuant to the requirements of subparagraph 
                (A) shall be exempt from the following 
                provisions of this title and the rules 
                thereunder with respect to transactions in 
                security futures products:
                          (i) Section 8.
                          (ii) Section 11.
                          (iii) Subsections (c)(3) and (c)(5) 
                        of this section.
                          (iv) Section 15B.
                          (v) Section 15C.
                          (vi) Subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), 
                        (h), and (i) of section 17.
          (12) Exemption for security futures product exchange 
        members.--
                  (A) Registration exemption.--A natural person 
                shall be exempt from the registration 
                requirements of this section if such person--
                          (i) is a member of a designated 
                        contract market registered with the 
                        Commission as an exchange pursuant to 
                        section 6(g);
                          (ii) effects transactions only in 
                        securities on the exchange of which 
                        such person is a member; and
                          (iii) does not directly accept or 
                        solicit orders from public customers or 
                        provide advice to public customers in 
                        connection with the trading of security 
                        futures products.
                  (B) Other exemptions.--A natural person 
                exempt from registration pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A) shall also be exempt from the 
                following provisions of this title and the 
                rules thereunder:
                          (i) Section 8.
                          (ii) Section 11.
                          (iii) Subsections (c)(3), (c)(5), and 
                        (e) of this section.
                          (iv) Section 15B.
                          (v) Section 15C.
                          (vi) Subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), 
                        (h), and (i) of section 17.
          (13) Registration exemption for merger and 
        acquisition brokers.--
                  (A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), an M&A broker shall be exempt 
                from registration under this section.
                  (B) Excluded activities.--An M&A broker is 
                not exempt from registration under this 
                paragraph if such broker does any of the 
                following:
                          (i) Directly or indirectly, in 
                        connection with the transfer of 
                        ownership of an eligible privately held 
                        company, receives, holds, transmits, or 
                        has custody of the funds or securities 
                        to be exchanged by the parties to the 
                        transaction.
                          (ii) Engages on behalf of an issuer 
                        in a public offering of any class of 
                        securities that is registered, or is 
                        required to be registered, with the 
                        Commission under section 12 or with 
                        respect to which the issuer files, or 
                        is required to file, period 
                        information, documents, and reports 
                        under subsection (d).
                          (iii) Engages on behalf of any party 
                        in a transaction involving a shell 
                        company, other than a business 
                        combination related shell company.
                          (iv) Directly, or indirectly through 
                        any of its affiliates, provides 
                        financing related to the transfer of 
                        ownership of an eligible privately held 
                        company.
                          (v) Assists any party to obtain 
                        financing from an unaffiliated third 
                        party without--
                                  (I) complying with all other 
                                applicable laws in connection 
                                with such assistance, 
                                including, if applicable, 
                                Regulation T (12 C.F.R. 220 et 
                                seq.); and
                                  (II) disclosing any 
                                compensation in writing to the 
                                party.
                          (vi) Represents both the buyer and 
                        the seller in the same transaction 
                        without providing clear written 
                        disclosure as to the parties the broker 
                        represents and obtaining written 
                        consent from both parties to the joint 
                        representation.
                          (vii) Facilitates a transaction with 
                        a group of buyers formed with the 
                        assistance of the M&A broker to acquire 
                        the eligible privately held company.
                          (viii) Engages in a transaction 
                        involving the transfer of ownership of 
                        an eligible privately held company to a 
                        passive buyer or group of passive 
                        buyers.
                          (ix) Binds a party to a transfer of 
                        ownership of an eligible privately held 
                        company.
                  (C) Disqualification.--An M&A broker is not 
                exempt from registration under this paragraph 
                if such broker (and if and as applicable, 
                including any officer, director, member, 
                manager, partner, or employee of such broker)--
                          (i) has been barred from association 
                        with a broker or dealer by the 
                        Commission, any State, or any self-
                        regulatory organization; or
                          (ii) is suspended from association 
                        with a broker or dealer.
                  (D) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this 
                paragraph shall be construed to limit any other 
                authority of the Commission to exempt any 
                person, or any class of persons, from any 
                provision of this title, or from any provision 
                of any rule or regulation thereunder.
                  (E) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                          (i) Business combination related 
                        shell company.--The term ``business 
                        combination related shell company'' 
                        means a shell company that is formed by 
                        an entity that is not a shell company--
                                  (I) solely for the purpose of 
                                changing the corporate domicile 
                                of that entity solely within 
                                the United States; or
                                  (II) solely for the purpose 
                                of completing a business 
                                combination transaction (as 
                                defined under section 
                                230.165(f) of title 17, Code of 
                                Federal Regulations) among one 
                                or more entities other than the 
                                company itself, none of which 
                                is a shell company.
                          (ii) Control.--The term ``control'' 
                        means the power, directly or 
                        indirectly, to direct the management or 
                        policies of a company, whether through 
                        ownership of securities, by contract, 
                        or otherwise. There is a presumption of 
                        control if, upon completion of a 
                        transaction, the buyer or group of 
                        buyers--
                                  (I) has the right to vote 25 
                                percent or more of a class of 
                                voting securities or the power 
                                to sell or direct the sale of 
                                25 percent or more of a class 
                                of voting securities; or
                                  (II) in the case of a 
                                partnership or limited 
                                liability company, has the 
                                right to receive upon 
                                dissolution, or has 
                                contributed, 25 percent or more 
                                of the capital.
                          (iii) Eligible privately held 
                        company.--The term ``eligible privately 
                        held company'' means a privately held 
                        company that meets both of the 
                        following conditions:
                                  (I) The company does not have 
                                any class of securities 
                                registered, or required to be 
                                registered, with the Commission 
                                under section 12 or with 
                                respect to which the company 
                                files, or is required to file, 
                                periodic information, 
                                documents, and reports under 
                                subsection (d).
                                  (II) In the fiscal year 
                                ending immediately before the 
                                fiscal year in which the 
                                services of the M&A broker are 
                                initially engaged with respect 
                                to the securities transaction, 
                                the company meets either or 
                                both of the following 
                                conditions (determined in 
                                accordance with the historical 
                                financial accounting records of 
                                the company):
                                          (aa) The earnings of 
                                        the company before 
                                        interest, taxes, 
                                        depreciation, and 
                                        amortization are less 
                                        than $25,000,000.
                                          (bb) The gross 
                                        revenues of the company 
                                        are less than 
                                        $250,000,000.
                                For purposes of this subclause, 
                                the Commission may by rule 
                                modify the dollar figures if 
                                the Commission determines that 
                                such a modification is 
                                necessary or appropriate in the 
                                public interest or for the 
                                protection of investors.
                          (iv) M&A broker.--The term ``M&A 
                        broker'' means a broker, and any person 
                        associated with a broker, engaged in 
                        the business of effecting securities 
                        transactions solely in connection with 
                        the transfer of ownership of an 
                        eligible privately held company, 
                        regardless of whether the broker acts 
                        on behalf of a seller or buyer, through 
                        the purchase, sale, exchange, issuance, 
                        repurchase, or redemption of, or a 
                        business combination involving, 
                        securities or assets of the eligible 
                        privately held company, if the broker 
                        reasonably believes that--
                                  (I) upon consummation of the 
                                transaction, any person 
                                acquiring securities or assets 
                                of the eligible privately held 
                                company, acting alone or in 
                                concert--
                                          (aa) will control the 
                                        eligible privately held 
                                        company or the business 
                                        conducted with the 
                                        assets of the eligible 
                                        privately held company; 
                                        and
                                          (bb) directly or 
                                        indirectly, will be 
                                        active in the 
                                        management of the 
                                        eligible privately held 
                                        company or the business 
                                        conducted with the 
                                        assets of the eligible 
                                        privately held company, 
                                        including without 
                                        limitation, for 
                                        example, by--
                                                  (AA) electing 
                                                executive 
                                                officers;
                                                  (BB) 
                                                approving the 
                                                annual budget;
                                                  (CC) serving 
                                                as an executive 
                                                or other 
                                                executive 
                                                manager; or
                                                  (DD) carrying 
                                                out such other 
                                                activities as 
                                                the Commission 
                                                may, by rule, 
                                                determine to be 
                                                in the public 
                                                interest; and
                                  (II) if any person is offered 
                                securities in exchange for 
                                securities or assets of the 
                                eligible privately held 
                                company, such person will, 
                                prior to becoming legally bound 
                                to consummate the transaction, 
                                receive or have reasonable 
                                access to the most recent 
                                fiscal year-end financial 
                                statements of the issuer of the 
                                securities as customarily 
                                prepared by the management of 
                                the issuer in the normal course 
                                of operations and, if the 
                                financial statements of the 
                                issuer are audited, reviewed, 
                                or compiled, any related 
                                statement by the independent 
                                accountant, a balance sheet 
                                dated not more than 120 days 
                                before the date of the offer, 
                                and information pertaining to 
                                the management, business, 
                                results of operations for the 
                                period covered by the foregoing 
                                financial statements, and 
                                material loss contingencies of 
                                the issuer.
                          (v) Shell company.--The term ``shell 
                        company'' means a company that at the 
                        time of a transaction with an eligible 
                        privately held company--
                                  (I) has no or nominal 
                                operations; and
                                  (II) has--
                                          (aa) no or nominal 
                                        assets;
                                          (bb) assets 
                                        consisting solely of 
                                        cash and cash 
                                        equivalents; or
                                          (cc) assets 
                                        consisting of any 
                                        amount of cash and cash 
                                        equivalents and nominal 
                                        other assets.
                  (F) Inflation adjustment.--
                          (i) In general.--On the date that is 
                        5 years after the date of the enactment 
                        of this paragraph, and every 5 years 
                        thereafter, each dollar amount in 
                        subparagraph (E)(iii)(II) shall be 
                        adjusted by--
                                  (I) dividing the annual value 
                                of the Employment Cost Index 
                                For Wages and Salaries, Private 
                                Industry Workers (or any 
                                successor index), as published 
                                by the Bureau of Labor 
                                Statistics, for the calendar 
                                year preceding the calendar 
                                year in which the adjustment is 
                                being made by the annual value 
                                of such index (or successor) 
                                for the calendar year ending 
                                December 31, 2020; and
                                  (II) multiplying such dollar 
                                amount by the quotient obtained 
                                under subclause (I).
                          (ii) Rounding.--Each dollar amount 
                        determined under clause (i) shall be 
                        rounded to the nearest multiple of 
                        $100,000.
  (c)(1)(A) No broker or dealer shall make use of the mails or 
any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce to effect 
any transaction in, or to induce or attempt to induce the 
purchase or sale of, any security (other than commercial paper, 
bankers' acceptances, or commercial bills), or any security-
based swap agreement by means of any manipulative, deceptive, 
or other fraudulent device or contrivance.
  (B) No broker, dealer, or municipal securities dealer shall 
make use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of 
interstate commerce to effect any transaction in, or to induce 
or attempt to induce the purchase or sale of, any municipal 
security or any security-based swap agreement involving a 
municipal security by means of any manipulative, deceptive, or 
other fraudulent device or contrivance.
  (C) No government securities broker or government securities 
dealer shall make use of the mails or any means or 
instrumentality of interstate commerce to effect any 
transaction in, or to induce or to attempt to induce the 
purchase or sale of, any government security or any security-
based swap agreement involving a government security by means 
of any manipulative, deceptive, or other fraudulent device or 
contrivance.
  (2)(A) No broker or dealer shall make use of the mails or any 
means or instrumentality of interstate commerce to effect any 
transaction in, or to induce or attempt to induce the purchase 
or sale of, any security (other than an exempted security or 
commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, or commercial bills) 
otherwise than on a national securities exchange of which it is 
a member, in connection with which such broker or dealer 
engages in any fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative act or 
practice, or makes any fictitious quotation.
  (B) No broker, dealer, or municipal securities dealer shall 
make use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of 
interstate commerce to effect any transaction in, or to induce 
or attempt to induce the purchase or sale of, any municipal 
security in connection with which such broker, dealer, or 
municipal securities dealer engages in any fraudulent, 
deceptive, or manipulative act or practice, or makes any 
fictitious quotation.
  (C) No government securities broker or government securities 
dealer shall make use of the mails or any means or 
instrumentality of interstate commerce to effect any 
transaction in, or induce or attempt to induce the purchase or 
sale of, any government security in connection with which such 
government securities broker or government securities dealer 
engages in any fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative act or 
practice, or makes any fictitious quotation.
  (D) The Commission shall, for the purposes of this paragraph, 
by rules and regulations define, and prescribe means reasonably 
designed to prevent, such acts and practices as are fraudulent, 
deceptive, or manipulative and such quotations as are 
fictitious.
  (E) The Commission shall, prior to adopting any rule or 
regulation under subparagraph (C), consult with and consider 
the views of the Secretary of the Treasury and each appropriate 
regulatory agency. If the Secretary of the Treasury or any 
appropriate regulatory agency comments in writing on a proposed 
rule or regulation of the Commission under such subparagraph 
(C) that has been published for comment, the Commission shall 
respond in writing to such written comment before adopting the 
proposed rule. If the Secretary of the Treasury determines, and 
notifies the Commission, that such rule or regulation, if 
implemented, would, or as applied does (i) adversely affect the 
liquidity or efficiency of the market for government 
securities; or (ii) impose any burden on competition not 
necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of this 
section, the Commission shall, prior to adopting the proposed 
rule or regulation, find that such rule or regulation is 
necessary and appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of 
this section notwithstanding the Secretary's determination.
  (3)(A) No broker or dealer (other than a government 
securities broker or government securities dealer, except a 
registered broker or dealer) shall make use of the mails or any 
means or instrumentality of interstate commerce to effect any 
transaction in, or to induce or attempt to induce the purchase 
or sale of, any security (other than an exempted security 
(except a government security) or commercial paper, bankers' 
acceptances, or commercial bills) in contravention of such 
rules and regulations as the Commission shall prescribe as 
necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the 
protection of investors to provide safeguards with respect to 
the financial responsibility and related practices of brokers 
and dealers including, but not limited to, the acceptance of 
custody and use of customers' securities and the carrying and 
use of customers' deposits or credit balances. Such rules and 
regulations shall (A) require the maintenance of reserves with 
respect to customers' deposits or credit balances, and (B) no 
later than September 1, 1975, establish minimum financial 
responsibility requirements for all brokers and dealers.
  (B) Consistent with this title, the Commission, in 
consultation with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 
shall issue such rules, regulations, or orders as are necessary 
to avoid duplicative or conflicting regulations applicable to 
any broker or dealer registered with the Commission pursuant to 
section 15(b) (except paragraph (11) thereof), that is also 
registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission 
pursuant to section 4f(a) of the Commodity Exchange Act (except 
paragraph (2) thereof), with respect to the application of: (i) 
the provisions of section 8, section 15(c)(3), and section 17 
of this title and the rules and regulations thereunder related 
to the treatment of customer funds, securities, or property, 
maintenance of books and records, financial reporting, or other 
financial responsibility rules, involving security futures 
products; and (ii) similar provisions of the Commodity Exchange 
Act and rules and regulations thereunder involving security 
futures products.
          (C) Notwithstanding any provision of sections 
        2(a)(1)(C)(i) or 4d(a)(2) of the Commodity Exchange Act 
        and the rules and regulations thereunder, and pursuant 
        to an exemption granted by the Commission under section 
        36 of this title or pursuant to a rule or regulation, 
        cash and securities may be held by a broker or dealer 
        registered pursuant to subsection (b)(1) and also 
        registered as a futures commission merchant pursuant to 
        section 4f(a)(1) of the Commodity Exchange Act, in a 
        portfolio margining account carried as a futures 
        account subject to section 4d of the Commodity Exchange 
        Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, pursuant 
        to a portfolio margining program approved by the 
        Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and subject to 
        subchapter IV of chapter 7 of title 11 of the United 
        States Code and the rules and regulations thereunder. 
        The Commission shall consult with the Commodity Futures 
        Trading Commission to adopt rules to ensure that such 
        transactions and accounts are subject to comparable 
        requirements to the extent practicable for similar 
        products.
  (4) If the Commission finds, after notice and opportunity for 
a hearing, that any person subject to the provisions of section 
12, 13, 14, or subsection (d) of section 15 of this title or 
any rule or regulation thereunder has failed to comply with any 
such provision, rule, or regulation in any material respect, 
the Commission may publish its findings and issue an order 
requiring such person, and any person who was a cause of the 
failure to comply due to an act or omission the person knew or 
should have known would contribute to the failure to comply, to 
comply, or to take steps to effect compliance, with such 
provision or such rule or regulation thereunder upon such terms 
and conditions and within such time as the Commission may 
specify in such order.
  (5) No dealer (other than a specialist registered on a 
national securities exchange) acting in the capacity of market 
maker or otherwise shall make use of the mails or any means or 
instrumentality of interstate commerce to effect any 
transaction in, or to induce or attempt to induce the purchase 
or sale of, any security (other than an exempted security or a 
municipal security) in contravention of such specified and 
appropriate standards with respect to dealing as the 
Commission, by rule, shall prescribe as necessary or 
appropriate in the public interest and for the protection of 
investors, to maintain fair and orderly markets, or to remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a national market 
system. Under the rules of the Commission a dealer in a 
security may be prohibited from acting as broker in that 
security.
  (6) No broker or dealer shall make use of the mails or any 
means or instrumentality of interstate commerce to effect any 
transaction in, or to induce or attempt to induce the purchase 
or sale of, any security (other than an exempted security, 
municipal security, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, or 
commercial bills) in contravention of such rules and 
regulations as the Commission shall prescribe as necessary or 
appropriate in the public interest and for the protection of 
investors or to perfect or remove impediments to a national 
system for the prompt and accurate clearance and settlement of 
securities transactions, with respect to the time and method 
of, and the form and format of documents used in connection 
with, making settlements of and payments for transactions in 
securities, making transfers and deliveries of securities, and 
closing accounts. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed 
(A) to affect the authority of the Board of Governors of the 
Federal Reserve System, pursuant to section 7 of this title, to 
prescribe rules and regulations for the purpose of preventing 
the excessive use of credit for the purchase or carrying of 
securities, or (B) to authorize the Commission to prescribe 
rules or regulations for such purpose.
  (7) In connection with any bid for or purchase of a 
government security related to an offering of government 
securities by or on behalf of an issuer, no government 
securities broker, government securities dealer, or bidder for 
or purchaser of securities in such offering shall knowingly or 
willfully make any false or misleading written statement or 
omit any fact necessary to make any written statement made not 
misleading.
  (8) Prohibition of referral fees.--No broker or dealer, or 
person associated with a broker or dealer, may solicit or 
accept, directly or indirectly, remuneration for assisting an 
attorney in obtaining the representation of any person in any 
private action arising under this title or under the Securities 
Act of 1933.
  (d) Supplementary and Periodic Information.--
          (1) In general.--Each issuer which has filed a 
        registration statement containing an undertaking which 
        is or becomes operative under this subsection as in 
        effect prior to the date of enactment of the Securities 
        Acts Amendments of 1964, and each issuer which shall 
        after such date file a registration statement which has 
        become effective pursuant to the Securities Act of 
        1933, as amended, shall file with the Commission, in 
        accordance with such rules and regulations as the 
        Commission may prescribe as necessary or appropriate in 
        the public interest or for the protection of investors, 
        such supplementary and periodic information, documents, 
        and reports as may be required pursuant to section 13 
        of this title in respect of a security registered 
        pursuant to section 12 of this title. The duty to file 
        under this subsection shall be automatically suspended 
        if and so long as any issue of securities of such 
        issuer is registered pursuant to section 12 of this 
        title. The duty to file under this subsection shall 
        also be automatically suspended as to any fiscal year, 
        other than the fiscal year within which such 
        registration statement became effective, if, at the 
        beginning of such fiscal year, the securities of each 
        class, other than any class of asset-backed securities, 
        to which the registration statement relates are held of 
        record by less than 300 persons, or, in the case of a 
        bank, a savings and loan holding company (as defined in 
        section 10 of the Home Owners' Loan Act), or a bank 
        holding company, as such term is defined in section 2 
        of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 
        1841), 1,200 persons persons. For the purposes of this 
        subsection, the term ``class'' shall be construed to 
        include all securities of an issuer which are of 
        substantially similar character and the holders of 
        which enjoy substantially similar rights and 
        privileges. The Commission may, for the purpose of this 
        subsection, define by rules and regulations the term 
        ``held of record'' as it deems necessary or appropriate 
        in the public interest or for the protection of 
        investors in order to prevent circumvention of the 
        provisions of this subsection. Nothing in this 
        subsection shall apply to securities issued by a 
        foreign government or political subdivision thereof.
          (2) Asset-backed securities.--
                  (A) Suspension of duty to file.--The 
                Commission may, by rule or regulation, provide 
                for the suspension or termination of the duty 
                to file under this subsection for any class of 
                asset-backed security, on such terms and 
                conditions and for such period or periods as 
                the Commission deems necessary or appropriate 
                in the public interest or for the protection of 
                investors.
                  (B) Classification of issuers.--The 
                Commission may, for purposes of this 
                subsection, classify issuers and prescribe 
                requirements appropriate for each class of 
                issuers of asset-backed securities.
  (e) Notices to Customers Regarding Securities Lending.--Every 
registered broker or dealer shall provide notice to its 
customers that they may elect not to allow their fully paid 
securities to be used in connection with short sales. If a 
broker or dealer uses a customer's securities in connection 
with short sales, the broker or dealer shall provide notice to 
its customer that the broker or dealer may receive compensation 
in connection with lending the customer's securities. The 
Commission, by rule, as it deems necessary or appropriate in 
the public interest and for the protection of investors, may 
prescribe the form, content, time, and manner of delivery of 
any notice required under this paragraph.
  (f) The Commission, by rule, as it deems necessary or 
appropriate in the public interest and for the protection of 
investors or to assure equal regulation, may require any member 
of a national securities exchange not required to register 
under section 15 of this title and any person associated with 
any such member to comply with any provision of this title 
(other than section 15(a)) or the rules or regulations 
thereunder which by its terms regulates or prohibits any act, 
practice, or course of business by a ``broker or dealer'' or 
``registered broker or dealer'' or a ``person associated with a 
broker or dealer,'' respectively.
  (g) Every registered broker or dealer shall establish, 
maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures 
reasonably designed, taking into consideration the nature of 
such broker's or dealer's business, to prevent the misuse in 
violation of this title, or the rules or regulations 
thereunder, of material, nonpublic information by such broker 
or dealer or any person associated with such broker or dealer. 
The Commission, as it deems necessary or appropriate in the 
public interest or for the protection of investors, shall adopt 
rules or regulations to require specific policies or procedures 
reasonably designed to prevent misuse in violation of this 
title (or the rules or regulations thereunder) of material, 
nonpublic information.
  (h) Requirements for Transactions in Penny Stocks.--
          (1) In general.--No broker or dealer shall make use 
        of the mails or any means or instrumentality of 
        interstate commerce to effect any transaction in, or to 
        induce or attempt to induce the purchase or sale of, 
        any penny stock by any customer except in accordance 
        with the requirements of this subsection and the rules 
        and regulations prescribed under this subsection.
          (2) Risk disclosure with respect to penny stocks.--
        Prior to effecting any transaction in any penny stock, 
        a broker or dealer shall give the customer a risk 
        disclosure document that--
                  (A) contains a description of the nature and 
                level of risk in the market for penny stocks in 
                both public offerings and secondary trading;
                  (B) contains a description of the broker's or 
                dealer's duties to the customer and of the 
                rights and remedies available to the customer 
                with respect to violations of such duties or 
                other requirements of Federal securities laws;
                  (C) contains a brief, clear, narrative 
                description of a dealer market, including 
                ``bid'' and ``ask'' prices for penny stocks and 
                the significance of the spread between the bid 
                and ask prices;
                  (D) contains the toll free telephone number 
                for inquiries on disciplinary actions 
                established pursuant to section 15A(i) of this 
                title;
                  (E) defines significant terms used in the 
                disclosure document or in the conduct of 
                trading in penny stocks; and
                  (F) contains such other information, and is 
                in such form (including language, type size, 
                and format), as the Commission shall require by 
                rule or regulation.
          (3) Commission rules relating to disclosure.--The 
        Commission shall adopt rules setting forth additional 
        standards for the disclosure by brokers and dealers to 
        customers of information concerning transactions in 
        penny stocks. Such rules--
                  (A) shall require brokers and dealers to 
                disclose to each customer, prior to effecting 
                any transaction in, and at the time of 
                confirming any transaction with respect to any 
                penny stock, in accordance with such procedures 
                and methods as the Commission may require 
                consistent with the public interest and the 
                protection of investors--
                          (i) the bid and ask prices for penny 
                        stock, or such other information as the 
                        Commission may, by rule, require to 
                        provide customers with more useful and 
                        reliable information relating to the 
                        price of such stock;
                          (ii) the number of shares to which 
                        such bid and ask prices apply, or other 
                        comparable information relating to the 
                        depth and liquidity of the market for 
                        such stock; and
                          (iii) the amount and a description of 
                        any compensation that the broker or 
                        dealer and the associated person 
                        thereof will receive or has received in 
                        connection with such transaction;
                  (B) shall require brokers and dealers to 
                provide, to each customer whose account with 
                the broker or dealer contains penny stocks, a 
                monthly statement indicating the market value 
                of the penny stocks in that account or 
                indicating that the market value of such stock 
                cannot be determined because of the 
                unavailability of firm quotes; and
                  (C) may, as the Commission finds necessary or 
                appropriate in the public interest or for the 
                protection of investors, require brokers and 
                dealers to disclose to customers additional 
                information concerning transactions in penny 
                stocks.
          (4) Exemptions.--The Commission, as it determines 
        consistent with the public interest and the protection 
        of investors, may by rule, regulation, or order exempt 
        in whole or in part, conditionally or unconditionally, 
        any person or class of persons, or any transaction or 
        class of transactions, from the requirements of this 
        subsection. Such exemptions shall include an exemption 
        for brokers and dealers based on the minimal percentage 
        of the broker's or dealer's commissions, commission-
        equivalents, and markups received from transactions in 
        penny stocks.
          (5) Regulations.--It shall be unlawful for any person 
        to violate such rules and regulations as the Commission 
        shall prescribe in the public interest or for the 
        protection of investors or to maintain fair and orderly 
        markets--
                  (A) as necessary or appropriate to carry out 
                this subsection; or
                  (B) as reasonably designed to prevent 
                fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative acts and 
                practices with respect to penny stocks.
  (i) Limitations on State Law.--
          (1) Capital, margin, books and records, bonding, and 
        reports.--No law, rule, regulation, or order, or other 
        administrative action of any State or political 
        subdivision thereof shall establish capital, custody, 
        margin, financial responsibility, making and keeping 
        records, bonding, or financial or operational reporting 
        requirements for brokers, dealers, municipal securities 
        dealers, government securities brokers, or government 
        securities dealers that differ from, or are in addition 
        to, the requirements in those areas established under 
        this title. The Commission shall consult periodically 
        the securities commissions (or any agency or office 
        performing like functions) of the States concerning the 
        adequacy of such requirements as established under this 
        title.
          (2) Funding portals.--
                  (A) Limitation on state laws.--Except as 
                provided in subparagraph (B), no State or 
                political subdivision thereof may enforce any 
                law, rule, regulation, or other administrative 
                action against a registered funding portal with 
                respect to its business as such.
                  (B) Examination and enforcement authority.--
                Subparagraph (A) does not apply with respect to 
                the examination and enforcement of any law, 
                rule, regulation, or administrative action of a 
                State or political subdivision thereof in which 
                the principal place of business of a registered 
                funding portal is located, provided that such 
                law, rule, regulation, or administrative action 
                is not in addition to or different from the 
                requirements for registered funding portals 
                established by the Commission.
                  (C) Definition.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, the term ``State'' includes the 
                District of Columbia and the territories of the 
                United States.
          (3) De minimis transactions by associated persons.--
        No law, rule, regulation, or order, or other 
        administrative action of any State or political 
        subdivision thereof may prohibit an associated person 
        of a broker or dealer from effecting a transaction 
        described in paragraph (3) for a customer in such State 
        if--
                  (A) such associated person is not ineligible 
                to register with such State for any reason 
                other than such a transaction;
                  (B) such associated person is registered with 
                a registered securities association and at 
                least one State; and
                  (C) the broker or dealer with which such 
                person is associated is registered with such 
                State.
          (4) Described transactions.--
                  (A) In general.--A transaction is described 
                in this paragraph if--
                          (i) such transaction is effected--
                                  (I) on behalf of a customer 
                                that, for 30 days prior to the 
                                day of the transaction, 
                                maintained an account with the 
                                broker or dealer; and
                                  (II) by an associated person 
                                of the broker or dealer--
                                          (aa) to which the 
                                        customer was assigned 
                                        for 14 days prior to 
                                        the day of the 
                                        transaction; and
                                          (bb) who is 
                                        registered with a State 
                                        in which the customer 
                                        was a resident or was 
                                        present for at least 30 
                                        consecutive days during 
                                        the 1-year period prior 
                                        to the day of the 
                                        transaction; or
                          (ii) the transaction is effected--
                                  (I) on behalf of a customer 
                                that, for 30 days prior to the 
                                day of the transaction, 
                                maintained an account with the 
                                broker or dealer; and
                                  (II) during the period 
                                beginning on the date on which 
                                such associated person files an 
                                application for registration 
                                with the State in which the 
                                transaction is effected and 
                                ending on the earlier of--
                                          (aa) 60 days after 
                                        the date on which the 
                                        application is filed; 
                                        or
                                          (bb) the date on 
                                        which such State 
                                        notifies the associated 
                                        person that it has 
                                        denied the application 
                                        for registration or has 
                                        stayed the pendency of 
                                        the application for 
                                        cause.
                  (B) Rules of construction.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A)(i)(II)--
                          (i) each of up to 3 associated 
                        persons of a broker or dealer who are 
                        designated to effect transactions 
                        during the absence or unavailability of 
                        the principal associated person for a 
                        customer may be treated as an 
                        associated person to which such 
                        customer is assigned; and
                          (ii) if the customer is present in 
                        another State for 30 or more 
                        consecutive days or has permanently 
                        changed his or her residence to another 
                        State, a transaction is not described 
                        in this paragraph, unless the 
                        associated person of the broker or 
                        dealer files an application for 
                        registration with such State not later 
                        than 10 business days after the later 
                        of the date of the transaction, or the 
                        date of the discovery of the presence 
                        of the customer in the other State for 
                        30 or more consecutive days or the 
                        change in the customer's residence.
  (j) Rulemaking To Extend Requirements to New Hybrid 
Products.--
          (1) Consultation.--Prior to commencing a rulemaking 
        under this subsection, the Commission shall consult 
        with and seek the concurrence of the Board concerning 
        the imposition of broker or dealer registration 
        requirements with respect to any new hybrid product. In 
        developing and promulgating rules under this 
        subsection, the Commission shall consider the views of 
        the Board, including views with respect to the nature 
        of the new hybrid product; the history, purpose, 
        extent, and appropriateness of the regulation of the 
        new product under the Federal banking laws; and the 
        impact of the proposed rule on the banking industry.
          (2) Limitation.--The Commission shall not--
                  (A) require a bank to register as a broker or 
                dealer under this section because the bank 
                engages in any transaction in, or buys or 
                sells, a new hybrid product; or
                  (B) bring an action against a bank for a 
                failure to comply with a requirement described 
                in subparagraph (A),
        unless the Commission has imposed such requirement by 
        rule or regulation issued in accordance with this 
        section.
          (3) Criteria for rulemaking.--The Commission shall 
        not impose a requirement under paragraph (2) of this 
        subsection with respect to any new hybrid product 
        unless the Commission determines that--
                  (A) the new hybrid product is a security; and
                  (B) imposing such requirement is necessary 
                and appropriate in the public interest and for 
                the protection of investors.
          (4) Considerations.--In making a determination under 
        paragraph (3), the Commission shall consider--
                  (A) the nature of the new hybrid product; and
                  (B) the history, purpose, extent, and 
                appropriateness of the regulation of the new 
                hybrid product under the Federal securities 
                laws and under the Federal banking laws.
          (5) Objection to commission regulation.--
                  (A) Filing of petition for review.--The Board 
                may obtain review of any final regulation 
                described in paragraph (2) in the United States 
                Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 
                Circuit by filing in such court, not later than 
                60 days after the date of publication of the 
                final regulation, a written petition requesting 
                that the regulation be set aside. Any 
                proceeding to challenge any such rule shall be 
                expedited by the Court of Appeals.
                  (B) Transmittal of petition and record.--A 
                copy of a petition described in subparagraph 
                (A) shall be transmitted as soon as possible by 
                the Clerk of the Court to an officer or 
                employee of the Commission designated for that 
                purpose. Upon receipt of the petition, the 
                Commission shall file with the court the 
                regulation under review and any documents 
                referred to therein, and any other relevant 
                materials prescribed by the court.
                  (C) Exclusive jurisdiction.--On the date of 
                the filing of the petition under subparagraph 
                (A), the court has jurisdiction, which becomes 
                exclusive on the filing of the materials set 
                forth in subparagraph (B), to affirm and 
                enforce or to set aside the regulation at 
                issue.
                  (D) Standard of review.--The court shall 
                determine to affirm and enforce or set aside a 
                regulation of the Commission under this 
                subsection, based on the determination of the 
                court as to whether--
                          (i) the subject product is a new 
                        hybrid product, as defined in this 
                        subsection;
                          (ii) the subject product is a 
                        security; and
                          (iii) imposing a requirement to 
                        register as a broker or dealer for 
                        banks engaging in transactions in such 
                        product is appropriate in light of the 
                        history, purpose, and extent of 
                        regulation under the Federal securities 
                        laws and under the Federal banking 
                        laws, giving deference neither to the 
                        views of the Commission nor the Board.
                  (E) Judicial stay.--The filing of a petition 
                by the Board pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall 
                operate as a judicial stay, until the date on 
                which the determination of the court is final 
                (including any appeal of such determination).
                  (F) Other authority to challenge.--Any 
                aggrieved party may seek judicial review of the 
                Commission's rulemaking under this subsection 
                pursuant to section 25 of this title.
          (6) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
                  (A) New hybrid product.--The term ``new 
                hybrid product'' means a product that--
                          (i) was not subjected to regulation 
                        by the Commission as a security prior 
                        to the date of the enactment of the 
                        Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act;
                          (ii) is not an identified banking 
                        product as such term is defined in 
                        section 206 of such Act; and
                          (iii) is not an equity swap within 
                        the meaning of section 206(a)(6) of 
                        such Act.
                  (B) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the 
                Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
                System.
  (j) The authority of the Commission under this section with 
respect to security-based swap agreements shall be subject to 
the restrictions and limitations of section 3A(b) of this 
title.
  (k) Registration or Succession to a United States Broker or 
Dealer.--In determining whether to permit a foreign person or 
an affiliate of a foreign person to register as a United States 
broker or dealer, or succeed to the registration of a United 
States broker or dealer, the Commission may consider whether, 
for a foreign person, or an affiliate of a foreign person that 
presents a risk to the stability of the United States financial 
system, the home country of the foreign person has adopted, or 
made demonstrable progress toward adopting, an appropriate 
system of financial regulation to mitigate such risk.
  (l) Termination of a United States Broker or Dealer.--For a 
foreign person or an affiliate of a foreign person that 
presents such a risk to the stability of the United States 
financial system, the Commission may determine to terminate the 
registration of such foreign person or an affiliate of such 
foreign person as a broker or dealer in the United States, if 
the Commission determines that the home country of the foreign 
person has not adopted, or made demonstrable progress toward 
adopting, an appropriate system of financial regulation to 
mitigate such risk.
  (k) Standard of Conduct.--
          (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
        of this Act or the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the 
        Commission may promulgate rules to provide that, with 
        respect to a broker or dealer, when providing 
        personalized investment advice about securities to a 
        retail customer (and such other customers as the 
        Commission may by rule provide), the standard of 
        conduct for such broker or dealer with respect to such 
        customer shall be the same as the standard of conduct 
        applicable to an investment adviser under section 211 
        of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The receipt of 
        compensation based on commission or other standard 
        compensation for the sale of securities shall not, in 
        and of itself, be considered a violation of such 
        standard applied to a broker or dealer. Nothing in this 
        section shall require a broker or dealer or registered 
        representative to have a continuing duty of care or 
        loyalty to the customer after providing personalized 
        investment advice about securities.
          (2) Disclosure of range of products offered.--Where a 
        broker or dealer sells only proprietary or other 
        limited range of products, as determined by the 
        Commission, the Commission may by rule require that 
        such broker or dealer provide notice to each retail 
        customer and obtain the consent or acknowledgment of 
        the customer. The sale of only proprietary or other 
        limited range of products by a broker or dealer shall 
        not, in and of itself, be considered a violation of the 
        standard set forth in paragraph (1).
  (l) Other Matters.--The Commission shall--
          (1) facilitate the provision of simple and clear 
        disclosures to investors regarding the terms of their 
        relationships with brokers, dealers, and investment 
        advisers, including any material conflicts of interest; 
        and
          (2) examine and, where appropriate, promulgate rules 
        prohibiting or restricting certain sales practices, 
        conflicts of interest, and compensation schemes for 
        brokers, dealers, and investment advisers that the 
        Commission deems contrary to the public interest and 
        the protection of investors.
  (m) Harmonization of Enforcement.--The enforcement authority 
of the Commission with respect to violations of the standard of 
conduct applicable to a broker or dealer providing personalized 
investment advice about securities to a retail customer shall 
include--
          (1) the enforcement authority of the Commission with 
        respect to such violations provided under this Act; and
          (2) the enforcement authority of the Commission with 
        respect to violations of the standard of conduct 
        applicable to an investment adviser under the 
        Investment Advisers Act of 1940, including the 
        authority to impose sanctions for such violations, and
the Commission shall seek to prosecute and sanction violators 
of the standard of conduct applicable to a broker or dealer 
providing personalized investment advice about securities to a 
retail customer under this Act to same extent as the Commission 
prosecutes and sanctions violators of the standard of conduct 
applicable to an investment advisor under the Investment 
Advisers Act of 1940.
  (n) Disclosures to Retail Investors.--
          (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
        of the securities laws, the Commission may issue rules 
        designating documents or information that shall be 
        provided by a broker or dealer to a retail investor 
        before the purchase of an investment product or service 
        by the retail investor.
          (2) Considerations.--In developing any rules under 
        paragraph (1), the Commission shall consider whether 
        the rules will promote investor protection, efficiency, 
        competition, and capital formation.
          (3) Form and contents of documents and information.--
        Any documents or information designated under a rule 
        promulgated under paragraph (1) shall--
                  (A) be in a summary format; and
                  (B) contain clear and concise information 
                about--
                          (i) investment objectives, 
                        strategies, costs, and risks; and
                          (ii) any compensation or other 
                        financial incentive received by a 
                        broker, dealer, or other intermediary 
                        in connection with the purchase of 
                        retail investment products.
  (o) Authority to Restrict Mandatory Pre-dispute 
Arbitration.--The Commission, by rule, may prohibit, or impose 
conditions or limitations on the use of, agreements that 
require customers or clients of any broker, dealer, or 
municipal securities dealer to arbitrate any future dispute 
between them arising under the Federal securities laws, the 
rules and regulations thereunder, or the rules of a self-
regulatory organization if it finds that such prohibition, 
imposition of conditions, or limitations are in the public 
interest and for the protection of investors.

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