[House Report 116-474]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
116th Congress } { Report
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
2d Session } { 116-474
======================================================================
GRID MODERNIZATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2019
_______
August 11, 2020.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
_______
Ms. Johnson of Texas, from the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology, submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany H.R. 5428]
[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]
The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, to whom
was referred the bill (H.R. 5428) to amend the Energy
Independence and Security Act of 2007 and the Energy Policy Act
of 2005 to direct Federal research on grid modernization and
security, and for other purposes, having considered the same,
reports favorably thereon with an amendment and recommends that
the bill as amended do pass.
CONTENTS
Page
I. Amendment.......................................................2
II. Purpose of the Bill............................................10
III. Background and Need for the Legislation........................10
IV. Committee Hearings.............................................11
V. Committee Consideration and Votes..............................11
VI. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill........................12
VII. Section-by-Section Analysis (By Title and Section).............12
VIII. Committee Views................................................13
IX. Cost Estimate..................................................14
X. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate......................14
XI. Compliance with Public Law 104-4 (Unfunded Mandates)...........15
XII. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations...............15
XIII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives..........16
XIV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement...........................16
XV. Duplication of Federal Programs................................16
XVI. Earmark Identification.........................................16
XVII. Applicability to the Legislative Branch........................16
XVIII.Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law.........16
XIX. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, As Reported..........16
XX. Proceedings of Subcommittee Markup.............................34
XXI. Proceedings of Full Committee Markup...........................81
I. Amendment
The amendment is as follows:
Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the
following:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2020''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Smart grid regional demonstration initiative.
Sec. 3. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and controls.
Sec. 4. Enhancing grid resilience and emergency response.
Sec. 5. Hybrid energy systems.
Sec. 6. Grid integration research and development.
Sec. 7. Industry alliance.
Sec. 8. Coordination of efforts.
Sec. 9. Definitions.
Sec. 10. Technical amendments; authorization of appropriations.
SEC. 2. SMART GRID REGIONAL DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE.
Section 1304 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42
U.S.C. 17384) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``research, development,
and demonstration'' before ``program'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a smart grid
regional demonstration initiative (referred to in this
subsection as the `Initiative') composed of demonstration
projects focused on cost-effective, advanced technologies for
use in power grid sensing, communications, analysis, power flow
control, visualization, distribution automation, industrial
control systems, dynamic line rating systems, grid redesign,
and the integration of distributed energy resources.''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and''
at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking the
period and inserting ``; and''; and
(iii) by inserting at the end the following:
``(F) to encourage the commercial application of
advanced distribution automation technologies that
improve system resilience.''.
SEC. 3. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHITECTURE, AND CONTROLS.
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42
U.S.C. 17381 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1304 the
following:
``SEC. 1304A. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHITECTURE, AND
CONTROLS.
``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2020, the Secretary
shall establish a program of research, development, demonstration, and
commercial application on electric grid modeling, sensing,
visualization, architecture development, and advanced operation and
controls.
``(b) Modeling Research and Development.--The Secretary shall support
development of models of emerging technologies and systems to
facilitate the secure and reliable design, planning, and operation of
the electric grid for use by industry stakeholders. In particular, the
Secretary shall support development of--
``(1) models to analyze and predict the effects of adverse
physical and cyber events on the electric grid;
``(2) coupled models of electrical, physical, and cyber
systems;
``(3) models of existing and emerging technologies being
deployed on the electric grid due to projected changes in the
electric generation mix and loads, for a variety of regional
characteristics; and
``(4) integrated models of the communications, transmission,
distribution, and other interdependent systems for existing,
new, and emerging technologies.
``(c) Situational Awareness Research and Development.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support development of
computational tools and technologies to improve sensing,
monitoring, and visualization of the electric grid for real-
time situational awareness and decision support tools that
enable improved operation of the power system, including
utility, non-utility, and customer grid-connected assets, for
use by industry partners.
``(2) Data use.--In developing visualization capabilities
under this section, the Secretary shall develop tools for
industry stakeholders to use to analyze data collected from
advanced measurement and monitoring technologies, including
data from phasor measurement units and advanced metering units.
``(3) Severe events.--The Secretary shall prioritize
enhancing cyber and physical situational awareness of the
electric grid during adverse manmade and naturally-occurring
events.
``(d) Architecture.--The Secretary shall conduct research in
collaboration with industry stakeholders to develop model grid
architectures to assist with wide-area transmission and distribution
planning that incorporate expected changes to the modern electric grid.
In supporting the development of model grid architectures, the
Secretary shall--
``(1) analyze a variety of grid architecture scenarios that
range from minor upgrades to existing transmission grid
infrastructure to scenarios that involve the replacement of
significant portions of existing transmission grid
infrastructure;
``(2) analyze the effects of the increasing proliferation of
renewable and other zero emissions energy generation sources,
increasing use of distributed resources owned by non-utility
entities, and the use of digital and automated controls not
managed by grid operators;
``(3) include a variety of new and emerging distribution grid
technologies, including distributed energy resources, electric
vehicle charging stations, distribution automation
technologies, energy storage, and renewable energy sources;
``(4) analyze the effects of local load balancing and other
forms of decentralized control;
``(5) analyze the effects of changes to grid architectures
resulting from modernizing electric grid systems, including
communications, controls, markets, consumer choice, emergency
response, electrification, and cybersecurity concerns; and
``(6) develop integrated grid architectures that incorporate
system resilience for cyber, physical, and communications
systems.
``(e) Operation and Controls Research and Development.--The Secretary
shall conduct research to develop improvements to the operation and
controls of the electric grid, in coordination with industry partners.
Such activities shall include--
``(1) a training facility or facilities to allow grid
operators to gain operational experience with advanced grid
control concepts and technologies;
``(2) development of cost-effective advanced operation and
control concepts and technologies, such as adaptive islanding,
dynamic line rating systems, power flow controllers, network
topology optimization, smart circuit breakers, intelligent load
shedding, and fault-tolerant control system architectures;
``(3) development of real-time control concepts using
artificial intelligence and machine learning for improved
electric grid resilience; and
``(4) utilization of advanced data analytics including load
forecasting, power flow modeling, equipment failure prediction,
resource optimization, risk analysis, and decision analysis.
``(f) Interoperability Research and Development.--The Secretary shall
conduct research and development on tools and technologies that improve
the interoperability and compatibility of new and emerging components,
technologies, and systems with existing electric grid infrastructure.
``(g) Computing Resources and Data Coordination Research and
Development.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
``(1) leverage existing computing resources at the National
Laboratories;
``(2) develop voluntary standards for data taxonomies and
communication protocols in coordination with public and private
sector stakeholders; and
``(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
``(h) Information Sharing.--None of the activities authorized in this
section shall require private entities to share information or data
with the Secretary.''.
SEC. 4. ENHANCING GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 1310. GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary
shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program to
enhance resilience and strengthen emergency response and management
pertaining to the electric grid.
``(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible entities
under subsection (c) on a competitive basis to conduct research and
development with the purpose of improving the resilience and
reliability of electric grid by--
``(1) developing methods to improve community and
governmental preparation for and emergency response to large-
area, long-duration electricity interruptions, including
through the use of energy efficiency, storage, and distributed
generation technologies;
``(2) developing tools to help utilities and communities
ensure the continuous delivery of electricity to critical
facilities;
``(3) developing tools to improve coordination between
utilities and relevant Federal agencies to enable
communication, information-sharing, and situational awareness
in the event of a physical or cyber attack on the electric
grid;
``(4) developing technologies and capabilities to withstand
and address the current and projected impact of the changing
climate on electric grid infrastructure, including extreme
weather events and other natural disasters;
``(5) developing technologies capable of early detection of
deteriorating electrical equipment on the transmission and
distribution grid, including detection of spark ignition from
wildfires and risks of vegetation contact; and
``(6) assessing upgrades and additions needed to electric
grid infrastructure due to projected changes in the electricity
generation mix and electricity demand.
``(c) Eligible Entities.--The entities eligible to receive grants
under this section include--
``(1) an institution of higher education;
``(2) a nonprofit organization;
``(3) a National Laboratory;
``(4) a unit of State, local, or tribal government;
``(5) an electric utility or electric cooperative;
``(6) a retail service provider of electricity;
``(7) a private commercial entity; and
``(8) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more entities
described in subparagraphs (1) through (7).
``(d) Relevant Activities.--Grants awarded under subsection (b) shall
include funding for research and development activities related to the
purpose described in subsection (b), such as--
``(1) development of technologies to use distributed energy
resources, such as solar photovoltaics, energy storage systems,
electric vehicles, and microgrids to improve grid and critical
end-user resilience;
``(2) analysis of non-technical barriers to greater
integration and use of technologies on the distribution grid;
``(3) analysis of past large-area, long-duration electricity
interruptions to identify common elements and best practices
for electricity restoration, mitigation, and prevention of
future disruptions;
``(4) development of advanced monitoring, analytics,
operation, and controls of electricity grid systems to improve
electric grid resilience;
``(5) analysis of technologies, methods, and concepts that
can improve community resilience and survivability of frequent
or long-duration power outages;
``(6) development of methodologies to maintain cybersecurity
during restoration of electric grid infrastructure and
operation;
``(7) development of advanced power flow control systems and
components to improve electric grid resilience; and
``(8) any other relevant activities determined by the
Secretary.
``(e) Technical Assistance.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide technical
assistance to eligible entities for the commercial application
of technologies to improve the resilience of the electric grid
and commercial application of technologies to help entities
develop plans for preventing and recovering from various power
outage scenarios at the local, regional, and State level.
``(2) Technical assistance program.--The technical assistance
program established in paragraph (1) shall include assistance
to eligible entities for--
``(A) the commercial application of technologies
developed from the grant program established in
subsection (b), including municipal and cooperative
utilities;
``(B) the development of methods to strengthen or
otherwise mitigate adverse impacts on electric grid
infrastructure against natural hazards;
``(C) the use of Department data and modeling tools
for various purposes; and
``(D) a resource assessment and analysis of future
demand and distribution requirements, including
development of advanced grid architectures and risk
analysis.
``(3) Eligible entities.--The entities eligible to receive
technical assistance for commercial application of technologies
under this section include--
``(A) representatives of all sectors of the electric
power industry, including electric utilities, trade
organizations, and transmission and distribution system
organizations, owners, and operators;
``(B) State and local governments and regulatory
authorities, including public utility commissions;
``(C) tribal and Alaska Native governmental entities;
``(D) partnerships among entities under subparagraphs
(A) through (C);
``(E) regional partnerships; and
``(F) any other entities the Secretary deems
appropriate.
``(4) Authority.--Nothing in this section shall authorize the
Secretary to require any entity to adopt any model, tool,
technology, plan, analysis, or assessment.
``(f) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary
shall comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization Research and
Development Act of 2019.''.
SEC. 5. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS.
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.), as amended, is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``SEC. 1311. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS.
``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary
shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program to
develop cost-effective hybrid energy systems, including--
``(1) development of computer modeling to design different
configurations of hybrid energy systems and to optimize system
operation;
``(2) research on system integration needed to plan, design,
build, and operate hybrid energy systems, including
interconnection requirements with the electric grid;
``(3) development of hybrid energy systems for various
applications, including--
``(A) thermal energy generation and storage for
buildings and manufacturing;
``(B) electricity storage coupled with energy
generation;
``(C) desalination;
``(D) production of liquid and gaseous fuels; and
``(E) production of chemicals such as ammonia and
ethylene;
``(4) development of testing facilities for hybrid energy
systems; and
``(5) research on incorporation of various technologies for
hybrid energy systems, including nuclear energy, renewable
energy, storage, and carbon capture, utilization, and
sequestration technologies.
``(b) Strategic Plan.--
``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and
Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of the Senate a strategic plan that identifies
opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for the
development and commercial application of hybrid energy
systems. The strategic plan shall include--
``(A) analysis of the potential benefits of
development of hybrid electric systems on the electric
grid;
``(B) analysis of the potential contributions of
hybrid energy systems to different grid architecture
scenarios;
``(C) research and development goals for various
hybrid energy systems, including those identified in
subsection (b);
``(D) assessment of policy and market barriers to the
adoption of hybrid energy systems;
``(E) analysis of the technical and economic
feasibility of adoption of different hybrid energy
systems; and
``(F) a 10-year roadmap to guide the program
established under subsection (a).
``(2) Updates.--Not less than once every 3 years for the
duration of this research program, the Secretary shall submit
an updated version of the strategic plan to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
Senate.
``(c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of section,
the Secretary shall--
``(1) implement the recommendations set forth in the
strategic plan in subsection (b);
``(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the
Department, including--
``(A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy;
``(B) the Office of Nuclear Energy; and
``(C) the Office of Fossil Energy;
``(3) leverage existing programs and resources of the
Department;
``(4) prioritize activities that accelerate the development
of integrated electricity generation, storage, and distribution
systems with net zero greenhouse gas emissions; and
``(5) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
``(d) Hybrid Energy System Defined.--The term `hybrid energy system'
means a system composed of 2 or more co-located or jointly operated
sub-systems of energy generation, energy storage, or other energy
technologies.''.
SEC. 6. GRID INTEGRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) Integrating Distributed Energy Resources Onto the Electric
Grid.--Section 925(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C.
16215) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (10) and (11) as paragraphs
(12) and (13), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
``(10) the development of cost-effective technologies that
enable two-way information and power flow between distributed
energy resources and the electric grid;
``(11) the development of technologies and concepts that
enable interoperability between distributed energy resources
and other behind-the-meter devices and the electric grid;''.
(b) Integrating Renewable Energy Onto the Electric Grid.--Subtitle C
of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16231 et seq.)
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 936. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY
ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.
``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary
shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program on
technologies that enable integration of renewable energy generation
sources onto the electric grid across multiple program offices of the
Department. The program shall include--
``(1) forecasting for predicting generation from variable
renewable energy sources;
``(2) development of cost-effective low-loss, long-distance
transmission lines; and
``(3) development of cost-effective advanced technologies for
variable renewable generation sources to provide grid services.
``(b) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the Secretary
shall--
``(1) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the
Department to achieve the goals established in this section,
including the Office of Electricity; and
``(2) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
``(c) Adoption of Technologies.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall consider barriers to adoption and commercial
application of technologies that enable integration of renewable energy
sources onto the electric grid, including cost and other economic
barriers, and shall coordinate with relevant entities to reduce these
barriers.''.
(c) Integrating Electric Vehicles Onto the Electric Grid.--Subtitle B
of title I of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42
U.S.C. 17011 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES
ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a research,
development, and demonstration program to advance the integration of
electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, onto the
electric grid.
``(b) Vehicles-to-grid Integration Assessment Report.--Not later than
1 year after the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and
Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the
results of a study that examines the research, development, and
demonstration opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for
integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
``(1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
``(A) an evaluation of the use of electric vehicles
to maintain the reliability of the electric grid,
including--
``(i) the use of electric vehicles for demand
response, load shaping, emergency power, and
frequency regulation; and
``(ii) the potential for the reuse of spent
electric vehicle batteries for stationary grid
storage;
``(B) the impact of grid integration on electric
vehicles, including--
``(i) the impact of bi-directional
electricity flow on battery degradation; and
``(ii) the implications of the use of
electric vehicles for grid services on original
equipment manufacturer warranties;
``(C) the impacts to the electric grid of increased
penetration of electric vehicles, including--
``(i) the distribution grid infrastructure
needed to support an increase in charging
capacity;
``(ii) strategies for integrating electric
vehicles onto the distribution grid while
limiting infrastructure upgrades;
``(iii) the changes in electricity demand
over a 24-hour cycle due to electric vehicle
charging behavior;
``(iv) the load increases expected from
electrifying the transportation sector;
``(v) the potential for customer incentives
and other managed charging stations strategies
to shift charging off-peak;
``(vi) the technology needed to achieve bi-
directional power flow on the distribution
grid; and
``(vii) the implementation of smart charging
techniques;
``(D) research on the standards needed to integrate
electric vehicles with the grid, including
communications systems, protocols, and charging
stations, in collaboration with the National Institute
for Standards and Technology;
``(E) the cybersecurity challenges and needs
associated with electrifying the transportation sector;
and
``(F) an assessment of the feasibility of adopting
technologies developed under the program established
under subsection (a) at Department facilities.
``(2) Recommendations.--As part of the Vehicles-to-Grid
Integration Assessment Report, the Secretary shall develop a
10-year roadmap to guide the research, development, and
demonstration program to integrate electric vehicles onto the
electric grid.
``(3) Consultation.--In developing this report, the Secretary
shall consult with relevant stakeholders, including--
``(A) electric vehicle manufacturers;
``(B) electric utilities;
``(C) public utility commissions;
``(D) vehicle battery manufacturers;
``(E) electric vehicle supply equipment
manufacturers;
``(F) charging infrastructure manufacturers;
``(G) the National Laboratories; and
``(H) other Federal agencies, as the Secretary
determines appropriate.
``(4) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report
required under this section every 3 years for the duration of
the program under section (a) and shall submit the updated
report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate.
``(c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of section,
the Secretary shall--
``(1) implement the recommendations set forth in the report
in subsection (b);
``(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the
Department to achieve the goals established in this section,
including the Office of Electricity; and
``(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
``(d) Testing Capabilities.--The Secretary shall coordinate with the
National Laboratories to develop testing capabilities for the
evaluation, rapid prototyping, and optimization of technologies
enabling integration of electric vehicles onto the electric grid.''.
(d) Research and Development on Integrating Buildings Onto the
Electric Grid.--Subtitle B of title IV of the Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17081 et seq.) is amended by adding at
the end the following:
``SEC. 426. ADVANCED INTEGRATION OF BUILDINGS ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program of
research, development, and demonstration to enable components of
commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy loads
on and resources for the electric grid. The program shall focus on--
``(1) developing low-cost, low power, wireless sensors to--
``(A) monitor building energy load;
``(B) forecast building energy need; and
``(C) enable building-level energy control;
``(2) developing data management capabilities and standard
communication protocols to further interoperability at the
building and grid-level;
``(3) developing advanced building-level energy management of
components through integration of smart technologies, control
systems, and data processing, to enable energy efficiency and
savings;
``(4) optimizing energy consumption at the building level to
enable grid stability and resilience;
``(5) improving visualization of behind the meter equipment
and technologies to provide better insight into the energy
needs and energy forecasts of individual buildings;
``(6) reducing the cost of key components to accelerate the
adoption of smart building technologies;
``(7) protecting against cybersecurity threats and addressing
security vulnerabilities of building systems or equipment; and
``(8) other areas determined appropriate by the Secretary.
``(b) Considerations.--In carrying out the program under subsection
(a), the Secretary shall--
``(1) work with utility partners, building owners, technology
vendors, and building developers to test and validate
technologies and encourage the commercial application of these
technologies by building owners; and
``(2) consider the specific challenges of enabling greater
interaction between components of--
``(A) small- and medium-sized buildings and the
electric grid; and
``(B) residential and commercial buildings and the
electric grid.
``(c) Buildings-to-grid Integration Report.--Not later than one year
after the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and Development
Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the results
of a study that examines the research, development, and demonstration
opportunities, challenges, and standards needed to enable components of
commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy loads
on and resources for the electric grid.
``(1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
``(A) an assessment of the technologies needed to
enable building components as dynamic loads on and
resources for the electric grid, including how such
technologies can be--
``(i) incorporated into new commercial and
residential buildings; and
``(ii) retrofitted in older buildings;
``(B) guidelines for the design of new buildings and
building components to enable modern grid interactivity
and improve energy efficiency;
``(C) an assessment of barriers to the adoption by
building owners of advanced technologies enabling
greater integration of building components onto the
electric grid; and
``(D) an assessment of the feasibility of adopting
technologies developed under the program established
under subsection (a) at Department facilities.
``(2) Recommendations.--As part of the report, the Secretary
shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the research,
development, and demonstration program to enable components of
commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy
loads on and resources for the electric grid.
``(3) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report
required under this section every 3 years for the duration of
the program under subsection (a) and shall submit the updated
report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate.
``(d) Program Implementation.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall--
``(1) implement the recommendations from the report in
subsection (c);
``(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the
Department to achieve the goals established in this section,
including the Office of Electricity; and
``(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.''.
SEC. 7. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE.
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.), as amended, is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``SEC. 1312. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE.
``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary
shall establish an advisory committee (to be known as the `Industry
Alliance') to advise the Secretary on the authorization of research,
development, and demonstration projects under sections 1304 and 1304a.
``(b) Membership.--The Industry Alliance shall be composed of members
selected by the Secretary that, as a group, are broadly representative
of United States electric grid research, development, infrastructure,
operations, and manufacturing expertise.
``(c) Responsibility.--The Secretary shall annually solicit from the
Industry Alliance--
``(1) comments to identify grid modernization technology
needs;
``(2) an assessment of the progress of the research
activities on grid modernization; and
``(3) assistance in annually updating grid modernization
technology roadmaps.''.
SEC. 8. COORDINATION OF EFFORTS.
In carrying out the amendments made by this Act, the Secretary shall
coordinate with relevant entities to the maximum extent practicable,
including--
(1) electric utilities;
(2) private sector entities;
(3) representatives of all sectors of the electric power
industry;
(4) transmission organizations;
(5) transmission owners and operators;
(6) distribution organizations;
(7) distribution asset owners and operators;
(8) State and local governments and regulatory authorities;
(9) academic institutions;
(10) the National Laboratories;
(11) other Federal agencies;
(12) nonprofit organizations;
(13) the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;
(14) the North American Reliability Corporation;
(15) independent system operators; and
(16) programs and program offices at the Department.
SEC. 9. DEFINITIONS.
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.), as amended, is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``SEC. 1313. DEFINITIONS.
``In this title, the following definitions apply:
``(1) Critical facility.--The term `critical facility' means
a manmade structure that the Secretary determines vital to
socioeconomic activities such that, if destroyed or damaged,
such destruction or damage could cause substantial disruption
to such socioeconomic activities.
``(2) Distribution automation.--The term `distribution
automation' means systems and technologies that exert
intelligent control over electrical grid functions at the
distribution level.
``(3) Resilience.--The term `resilience' means the ability to
withstand and reduce the magnitude or duration of disruptive
events, which includes the capability to anticipate, absorb,
adapt to, or rapidly recover from such an event, including from
deliberate attacks, accidents, and naturally occurring threats
or incidents.''.
SEC. 10. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) Technical Amendments.--
(1) Energy independence and security act of 2007.--Section
1(b) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is
amended in the table of contents--
(A) by inserting the following after the item related
to section 136:
``Sec. 137. Research and development into integrating electric vehicles
onto the electric grid.'';
(B) by inserting the following after the item related
to section 425:
``Sec. 426. Advanced integration of buildings onto the electric
grid.'';
(C) by inserting the following after the item related
to section 1304:
``Sec. 1304a. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and
controls.''; and
(D) by inserting the following after the item related
to section 1309:
``Sec. 1310. Grid resilience and emergency response.
``Sec. 1311. Hybrid energy systems.
``Sec. 1312. Industry Alliance.
``Sec. 1313. Definitions.''.
(2) Energy policy act of 2005.--Section 1(b) of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 is amended in the table of contents by
inserting the following after the item related to section 935:
``Sec. 936. Research and development into integrating renewable energy
onto the electric grid.''.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated--
(1) to carry out sections 7 and 8 and the amendments made by
sections 2 and 3 of this Act--
(A) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(C) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(D) $185,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
(E) $190,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(2) to carry out section 5 of this Act--
(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(B) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(C) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(D) $23,153,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
(E) $24,310,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
(3) to carry out section 6 of this Act--
(A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
(B) $52,500,000 for fiscal year 2021;
(C) $55,152,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(D) $57,882,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
(E) $60,775,000 for fiscal year 2024.
II. Purpose of the Bill
The purpose of the bill is to amend the Energy Independence
and Security Act of 2007 and the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to
direct Federal research on grid modernization and resilience.
H.R. 5428 is sponsored by Mr. Lamb and co-sponsored by Ms.
Herrera-Beutler, Ms. Johnson, Mr. Fitzpatrick, and Mr. McAdams.
III. Background and Need for the Legislation
Our nation's electricity grid is undergoing a series of
transformations, which includes adapting to a changing
electricity generation mix; an increase in ``smart grid''
technologies to help develop an intelligent electric power
system; and a growing need to improve the resilience of the
grid. Given this rapidly evolving landscape, the National
Academies published a report in 2017 with a series of
recommendations for improving the resilience of our nation's
electric transmission and distribution grid infrastructure.\1\
The Department of Energy (DOE) has an important role to play in
the development of relevant technologies and other supporting
programs to achieve these goals.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine,
Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System, https://
www.nap.edu/catalog/24836/enhancing-the-resilience-of-the-nations-
electricity-system.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE's Office of Electricity (OE) stewards our nation's
primary research programs related to grid modernization. The
main mission of OE is to support grid modernization and
resilience through programs that improve the planning and
operational capabilities of the energy sector at both the
transmission and distribution level. This includes research on
a variety of technologies related to: the smart grid, demand
response, microgrids, energy storage, renewable energy
integration, transformer resilience, grid planning, sensor
development, and power flow controllers. OE also provides
technical assistance to States, regional entities, and tribes
on a variety of topics to assist with the development and
implementation of their electricity-related policies and
handles permitting of cross-border transmission lines and
coordinating Federal transmission permitting on Federal lands.
IV. Committee Hearings
Pursuant to Section 103 (i) of H. Res. 6, the Committee
designates the following hearings as having been used to
develop or consider the legislation:
On July 17, 2019 the Honorable Conor Lamb presiding, the
Energy Subcommittee of the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology held a hearing to examine research needs to
modernize and secure our nation's electricity grid. Witnesses
and Members discussed the extensive work done at the Department
of Energy to develop technologies that improve the flexibility,
resilience, and security of the electric grid, including energy
storage, and the need for continued and additional investments
in grid operation technology to keep up with a rapidly evolving
grid system.
WITNESSES
The Honorable Karen Evans, Assistant Secretary, Office of
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, U.S.
Department of Energy
Mr. Juan J. Torres, Associate Laboratory Director, Energy
Systems Integration, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and
Co-Chair, Grid Modernization Lab Consortium
Ms. Kelly Speakes-Backman, CEO, Energy Storage Association
Ms. Katherine Hamilton, Chair, 38 North Solutions and
Executive Director, Advanced Energy Management Alliance
V. Committee Consideration and Votes
The Energy Subcommittee of the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology met to consider H.R. 5428 on December 19, 2019.
Mr. McNerney offered an amendment that would direct the
Department of Energy to analyze non-technical barriers to the
greater integration and use of technologies on the distribution
grid. The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
Mr. Lamb moved that the Committee favorably report the
bill, H.R. 5428, as amended, to the Full Committee with the
recommendation that the bill be approved. The motion was agreed
to by a voice vote.
The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to
consider H.R. 5428 on February 12, 2020.
Ms. Fletcher offered an amendment that would include in the
bill research and development on improving the interoperability
and compatibility of new and emerging components, technologies,
and systems with existing electric grid infrastructure. The
amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
Chairwoman Johnson moved that the Committee favorably
report the bill, H.R. 5428, as amended, to the House of
Representatives with the recommendation that the bill be
approved. The motion was agreed to by a voice vote.
VI. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill
The Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019
(H.R. 5428) would authorize a research, development,
demonstration, and commercial application program at the
Department of Energy to improve the resilience, flexibility,
and security of the electric grid. The bill also authorizes an
industry alliance to assist the Secretary with identifying
research needs, assessing progress on research activities, and
updating relevant technology roadmaps.
VII. Section-by-Section Analysis (By Title and Section)
Sec. 1. Short title; Table of contents
``Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019''
Sec. 2. Smart grid regional demonstration initiative
Reauthorizes the smart grid demonstration program in the
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and adds the
commercial application of distribution automation technologies
to the goals of the program.
Sec. 3. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and controls
Authorizes a research, development, demonstration, and
commercial application program on modeling emerging
technologies and systems for secure and reliable design and
planning of the grid; technologies to improve sensing,
monitoring, and visualization of the grid; development of grid
architectures for a modern grid; and operation and controls of
the grid.
Sec. 4. Enhancing grid resilience and emergency response
This section authorizes a research, development, and
demonstration program on methods, tools, and technologies to
improve grid resilience, grid reliability, and emergency
response, including technologies to detect sparks causing
wildfires and assessments to determine necessary grid
infrastructure upgrades. This section also authorizes a
technical assistance program for eligible entities to develop
plans for preventing and recovering from various power outage
scenarios.
Sec. 5. Hybrid energy systems
Authorizes a research, development, and demonstration
program to develop cost-effective hybrid energy systems
incorporating a variety of technologies, including nuclear
energy, renewable energy, storage, and carbon capture and
directs the Secretary to submit a 10-year strategic plan on
hybrid energy systems.
Sec. 6. Grid integration research and development
Authorizes research, development, and demonstration
activities relating to integrating renewable energy, electric
vehicles, and buildings onto the electric grid.
Sec. 7. Industry alliance
Directs the Secretary to establish an industry alliance
that is broadly representative of the U.S. electric grid
research and development, infrastructure, operations, and
manufacturing expertise to assist the Secretary with
identifying research and development needs, assessing progress
on research and development activities, and updating technology
roadmaps.
Sec. 8. Coordination of efforts
Directs the Secretary to coordinate with relevant entities
on the activities authorized in this Act, including electric
utilities, transmission organizations, distributions owners and
operators, the national labs, among other entities.
Sec. 9. Definitions
Defines terms used in the bill.
Sec. 10. Technical amendments; authorization of appropriations
Makes technical amendments to existing statute and
authorizes the following amounts for appropriations: for
sections 2, 3, 7, and 8, $170 million in fiscal year 2020, with
$5 million annual funding increases through fiscal year 2024;
for section 5, $20 million in fiscal year 2020, with 5% annual
funding increases through fiscal year 2024; and for section 6,
$50 million in fiscal year 2020 with 5% annual funding
increases through fiscal year 2024.
VIII. Committee Views
The Committee intends that the research, development,
demonstration, and commercial application program authorized in
this legislation be carried out with significant coordination
with the public and private sector to ensure that the tools and
technologies developed under this program are of use to
relevant stakeholders, and that the industry alliance
authorized in this legislation aid in achieving this goal.
Furthermore, the Committee intends that the Department of
Energy coordinate across all relevant program offices in
carrying out research on grid integration and hybrid energy
systems, given the cross-cutting nature of these research
programs, and utilize the work of the national laboratories
through the Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium. Lastly,
when analyzing non-technical barriers to greater integration
and use of technologies developed under the authorities granted
in this bill, the Committee intends that this includes the
analysis of contractual and regulatory barriers.
IX. Cost Estimate
Pursuant to clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the
House of Representatives, the Committee adopts as its own the
estimate of new budget authority, entitlement authority, or tax
expenditures or revenues contained in the cost estimate
prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office
pursuant to section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of
1974.
X. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate
U.S. Congress,
Congressional Budget Office,
Washington, DC, June 1, 2020.
Hon. Eddie Bernice Johnson,
Chairwoman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
Dear Madam Chairwoman: The Congressional Budget Office has
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 5428, the Grid
Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019.
If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Sofia Guo.
Sincerely,
Phillip L. Swagel,
Director.
Enclosure.
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
H.R. 5428 would require the Department of Energy (DOE) to
administer several research, development, and demonstration
grant programs aimed at modernizing the electric grid,
including smart grid modeling, developing hybrid energy
systems, and technologies to integrate electric vehicles onto
the electric grid. The bill also would require DOE to provide
technical assistance to grant recipients, establish an advisory
committee, and report to the Congress. CBO estimates that
implementing H.R. 5428 would cost about $1.2 billion over the
2020-2025 period.
For this estimate, CBO assumes that the bill will be
enacted in fiscal year 2020 and that the authorized and
estimated amounts will be appropriated each year. Estimated
outlays are based on historical spending patterns for similar
activities. The bill would authorize the appropriation of
specific amounts each year over the 2020-2024 period for most
of the activities in the bill, but does not specify an amount
for section 4 for activities related to grid resilience. Using
information from DOE, CBO estimates that the department
allocated $57 million in 2020 for research and development
activities on grid resilience that are similar to the
activities authorized under section 4. CBO estimates that the
department would need about the same amount each year, adjusted
for inflation, to continue grid resilience activities, over the
2021-2025 period.
The costs of the legislation (detailed in Table 1) fall
under budget function 270 (energy).
TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION UNDER H.R. 5428
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By fiscal year, millions of dollars--
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2020-2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grid Initiatives and R&D:
Authorization........................ 170 175 180 185 190 0 900
Estimated Outlays.................... 37 95 136 164 178 145 755
Hybrid Energy Systems:
Authorizationa....................... 0 21 22 23 24 0 90
Estimated Outlays.................... 0 5 12 17 21 18 73
Grid Integration R&D:
Authorizationa....................... 0 53 55 58 61 0 227
Estimated Outlays.................... 0 11 29 43 52 44 179
Grid Resilience R&D:
Estimated Authorization.............. 0 59 62 64 66 69 320
Estimated Outlays.................... 0 13 33 48 58 64 216
Total Changes:
Estimated Authorization.......... 170 308 319 330 341 69 1,537
Estimated Outlays................ 37 124 210 272 309 271 1,223
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aComponents may not sum totals because of rounding; R&D = Research and Development.
a. In 2020, H.R. 5428 would authorize the appropriation of $20 million for hybrid energy systems programs and
$50 million for grid integration R&D programs. Using information from budget justification documents for the
Department of Energy, CBO estimates that $41 million and $84 million, respectively, have already been
allocated to similar activities under the 2020 annual appropriation. Because those amounts are greater than
the amounts authorized in the bill, CBO does not show any authorization for those programs in 2020.
The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Sofia Guo. The
estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Director
of Budget Analysis.
XI. Federal Mandates Statement
H.R. 5428 contains no unfunded mandates.
XII. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations
The Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are
reflected in the body of this report.
XIII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives
Pursuant to clause (3)(c) of House rule XIII, the goals of
H.R. 5428 are to direct Federal research on grid modernization,
including smart grid demonstration regional projects; modeling,
visualization, architecture, and controls; grid resilience and
emergency response; hybrid energy systems; and grid
integration.
XIV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement
The functions of the advisory committee authorized in H.R.
5428 are not currently being nor could they be performed by one
or more agencies or by enlarging the mandate of another
existing advisory committee.
XV. Duplication of Federal Programs
Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the
House of Representatives, the Committee finds that no provision
of H.R. 5428 establishes or reauthorizes a program of the
federal government known to be duplicative of another federal
program, including any program that was included in a report to
Congress pursuant to section 21 of Public Law 111-139 or the
most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance.
XVI. Earmark Identification
Pursuant to clause 9(e), 9(f), and 9(g) of rule XXI, the
Committee finds that H.R. 5428 contains no earmarks, limited
tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits.
XVII. Applicability to the Legislative Branch
The Committee finds that H.R. 5428 does not relate to the
terms and conditions of employment or access to public services
or accommodations within the meaning of section 102(b)(3) of
the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 104-1).
XVIII. Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law
This bill is not intended to preempt any state, local, or
tribal law.
XIX. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, As Reported
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported
In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no
change is proposed is shown in roman):
ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT OF 2007
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Energy
Independence and Security Act of 2007''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is
as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
* * * * * * *
TITLE I--ENERGY SECURITY THROUGH IMPROVED VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY
* * * * * * *
Subtitle B--Improved Vehicle Technology
* * * * * * *
Sec. 137. Research and development into integrating electric vehicles
onto the electric grid.
* * * * * * *
TITLE IV--ENERGY SAVINGS IN BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY
* * * * * * *
Subtitle B--High-Performance Commercial Buildings
* * * * * * *
Sec. 426. Advanced integration of buildings onto the electric grid.
* * * * * * *
TITLE XIII--SMART GRID
* * * * * * *
Sec. 1304a. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and
controls.
* * * * * * *
Sec. 1310. Grid resilience and emergency response.
Sec. 1311. Hybrid energy systems.
Sec. 1312. Industry Alliance.
Sec. 1313. Definitions.
* * * * * * *
TITLE I--ENERGY SECURITY THROUGH IMPROVED VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY
* * * * * * *
Subtitle B--Improved Vehicle Technology
* * * * * * *
SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES
ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.
(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a research,
development, and demonstration program to advance the
integration of electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles, onto the electric grid.
(b) Vehicles-to-grid Integration Assessment Report.--Not
later than 1 year after the enactment of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the results of a
study that examines the research, development, and
demonstration opportunities, challenges, and standards needed
for integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
(1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
(A) an evaluation of the use of electric
vehicles to maintain the reliability of the
electric grid, including--
(i) the use of electric vehicles for
demand response, load shaping,
emergency power, and frequency
regulation; and
(ii) the potential for the reuse of
spent electric vehicle batteries for
stationary grid storage;
(B) the impact of grid integration on
electric vehicles, including--
(i) the impact of bi-directional
electricity flow on battery
degradation; and
(ii) the implications of the use of
electric vehicles for grid services on
original equipment manufacturer
warranties;
(C) the impacts to the electric grid of
increased penetration of electric vehicles,
including--
(i) the distribution grid
infrastructure needed to support an
increase in charging capacity;
(ii) strategies for integrating
electric vehicles onto the distribution
grid while limiting infrastructure
upgrades;
(iii) the changes in electricity
demand over a 24-hour cycle due to
electric vehicle charging behavior;
(iv) the load increases expected from
electrifying the transportation sector;
(v) the potential for customer
incentives and other managed charging
stations strategies to shift charging
off-peak;
(vi) the technology needed to achieve
bi-directional power flow on the
distribution grid; and
(vii) the implementation of smart
charging techniques;
(D) research on the standards needed to
integrate electric vehicles with the grid,
including communications systems, protocols,
and charging stations, in collaboration with
the National Institute for Standards and
Technology;
(E) the cybersecurity challenges and needs
associated with electrifying the transportation
sector; and
(F) an assessment of the feasibility of
adopting technologies developed under the
program established under subsection (a) at
Department facilities.
(2) Recommendations.--As part of the Vehicles-to-Grid
Integration Assessment Report, the Secretary shall
develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the research,
development, and demonstration program to integrate
electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
(3) Consultation.--In developing this report, the
Secretary shall consult with relevant stakeholders,
including--
(A) electric vehicle manufacturers;
(B) electric utilities;
(C) public utility commissions;
(D) vehicle battery manufacturers;
(E) electric vehicle supply equipment
manufacturers;
(F) charging infrastructure manufacturers;
(G) the National Laboratories; and
(H) other Federal agencies, as the Secretary
determines appropriate.
(4) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report
required under this section every 3 years for the
duration of the program under section (a) and shall
submit the updated report to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of
the Senate.
(c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of
section, the Secretary shall--
(1) implement the recommendations set forth in the
report in subsection (b);
(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at
the Department to achieve the goals established in this
section, including the Office of Electricity; and
(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
(d) Testing Capabilities.--The Secretary shall coordinate
with the National Laboratories to develop testing capabilities
for the evaluation, rapid prototyping, and optimization of
technologies enabling integration of electric vehicles onto the
electric grid.
* * * * * * *
TITLE IV--ENERGY SAVINGS IN BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY
* * * * * * *
Subtitle B--High-Performance Commercial Buildings
* * * * * * *
SEC. 426. ADVANCED INTEGRATION OF BUILDINGS ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.
(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program of
research, development, and demonstration to enable components
of commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic
energy loads on and resources for the electric grid. The
program shall focus on--
(1) developing low-cost, low power, wireless sensors
to--
(A) monitor building energy load;
(B) forecast building energy need; and
(C) enable building-level energy control;
(2) developing data management capabilities and
standard communication protocols to further
interoperability at the building and grid-level;
(3) developing advanced building-level energy
management of components through integration of smart
technologies, control systems, and data processing, to
enable energy efficiency and savings;
(4) optimizing energy consumption at the building
level to enable grid stability and resilience;
(5) improving visualization of behind the meter
equipment and technologies to provide better insight
into the energy needs and energy forecasts of
individual buildings;
(6) reducing the cost of key components to accelerate
the adoption of smart building technologies;
(7) protecting against cybersecurity threats and
addressing security vulnerabilities of building systems
or equipment; and
(8) other areas determined appropriate by the
Secretary.
(b) Considerations.--In carrying out the program under
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
(1) work with utility partners, building owners,
technology vendors, and building developers to test and
validate technologies and encourage the commercial
application of these technologies by building owners;
and
(2) consider the specific challenges of enabling
greater interaction between components of--
(A) small- and medium-sized buildings and the
electric grid; and
(B) residential and commercial buildings and
the electric grid.
(c) Buildings-to-grid Integration Report.--Not later than one
year after the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and
Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of the Senate a report on the results of a study that
examines the research, development, and demonstration
opportunities, challenges, and standards needed to enable
components of commercial and residential buildings to serve as
dynamic energy loads on and resources for the electric grid.
(1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
(A) an assessment of the technologies needed
to enable building components as dynamic loads
on and resources for the electric grid,
including how such technologies can be--
(i) incorporated into new commercial
and residential buildings; and
(ii) retrofitted in older buildings;
(B) guidelines for the design of new
buildings and building components to enable
modern grid interactivity and improve energy
efficiency;
(C) an assessment of barriers to the adoption
by building owners of advanced technologies
enabling greater integration of building
components onto the electric grid; and
(D) an assessment of the feasibility of
adopting technologies developed under the
program established under subsection (a) at
Department facilities.
(2) Recommendations.--As part of the report, the
Secretary shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the
research, development, and demonstration program to
enable components of commercial and residential
buildings to serve as dynamic energy loads on and
resources for the electric grid.
(3) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report
required under this section every 3 years for the
duration of the program under subsection (a) and shall
submit the updated report to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of
the Senate.
(d) Program Implementation.--In carrying out this section,
the Secretary shall--
(1) implement the recommendations from the report in
subsection (c);
(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at
the Department to achieve the goals established in this
section, including the Office of Electricity; and
(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
* * * * * * *
TITLE XIII--SMART GRID
* * * * * * *
SEC. 1304. SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
DEMONSTRATION.
(a) Power Grid Digital Information Technology.--The
Secretary, in consultation with the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission and other appropriate agencies, electric utilities,
the States, and other stakeholders, shall carry out a research,
development, and demonstration program--
(1) to develop advanced techniques for measuring peak
load reductions and energy-efficiency savings from
smart metering, demand response, distributed
generation, and electricity storage systems;
(2) to investigate means for demand response,
distributed generation, and storage to provide
ancillary services;
(3) to conduct research to advance the use of wide-
area measurement and control networks, including data
mining, visualization, advanced computing, and secure
and dependable communications in a highly-distributed
environment;
(4) to test new reliability technologies, including
those concerning communications network capabilities,
in a grid control room environment against a
representative set of local outage and wide area
blackout scenarios;
(5) to identify communications network capacity
needed to implement advanced technologies.
(6) to investigate the feasibility of a transition to
time-of-use and real-time electricity pricing;
(7) to develop algorithms for use in electric
transmission system software applications;
(8) to promote the use of underutilized electricity
generation capacity in any substitution of electricity
for liquid fuels in the transportation system of the
United States; and
(9) in consultation with the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission, to propose interconnection
protocols to enable electric utilities to access
electricity stored in vehicles to help meet peak demand
loads.
(b) Smart Grid Regional Demonstration Initiative.--
[(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a
smart grid regional demonstration initiative (referred
to in this subsection as the ``Initiative'') composed
of demonstration projects specifically focused on
advanced technologies for use in power grid sensing,
communications, analysis, and power flow control. The
Secretary shall seek to leverage existing smart grid
deployments.]
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a
smart grid regional demonstration initiative (referred
to in this subsection as the ``Initiative'') composed
of demonstration projects focused on cost-effective,
advanced technologies for use in power grid sensing,
communications, analysis, power flow control,
visualization, distribution automation, industrial
control systems, dynamic line rating systems, grid
redesign, and the integration of distributed energy
resources.
(2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
(A) to demonstrate the potential benefits of
concentrated investments in advanced grid
technologies on a regional grid;
(B) to facilitate the commercial transition
from the current power transmission and
distribution system technologies to advanced
technologies;
(C) to facilitate the integration of advanced
technologies in existing electric networks to
improve system performance, power flow control,
and reliability;
(D) to demonstrate protocols and standards
that allow for the measurement and validation
of the energy savings and fossil fuel emission
reductions associated with the installation and
use of energy efficiency and demand response
technologies and practices; [and]
(E) to investigate differences in each region
and regulatory environment regarding best
practices in implementing smart grid
technologies[.]; and
(F) to encourage the commercial application
of advanced distribution automation
technologies that improve system resilience.
(3) Demonstration projects.--
(A) In general.--In carrying out the
initiative, the Secretary shall provide
financial support to smart grid demonstration
projects in urban, suburban, tribal, and rural
areas, including areas where electric system
assets are controlled by nonprofit entities and
areas where electric system assets are
controlled by investor-owned utilities.
(B) Cooperation.--A demonstration project
under subparagraph (A) shall be carried out in
cooperation with the electric utility that owns
the grid facilities in the electricity control
area in which the demonstration project is
carried out.
(C) Federal share of cost of technology
investments.--The Secretary shall provide to an
electric utility described in subparagraph (B)
or to other parties financial assistance for
use in paying an amount equal to not more than
50 percent of the cost of qualifying advanced
grid technology investments made by the
electric utility or other party to carry out a
demonstration project.
(D) Ineligibility for grants.--No person or
entity participating in any demonstration
project conducted under this subsection shall
be eligible for grants under section 1306 for
otherwise qualifying investments made as part
of that demonstration project.
(E) Availability of data.--The Secretary
shall establish and maintain a smart grid
information clearinghouse in a timely manner
which will make data from smart grid
demonstration projects and other sources
available to the public. As a condition of
receiving financial assistance under this
subsection, a utility or other participant in a
smart grid demonstration project shall provide
such information as the Secretary may require
to become available through the smart grid
information clearinghouse in the form and
within the timeframes as directed by the
Secretary. The Secretary shall assure that
business proprietary information and individual
customer information is not included in the
information made available through the
clearinghouse.
(F) Open protocols and standards.--The
Secretary shall require as a condition of
receiving funding under this subsection that
demonstration projects utilize open protocols
and standards (including Internet-based
protocols and standards) if available and
appropriate.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to
be appropriated--
(1) to carry out subsection (a), such sums as are
necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012;
and
(2) to carry out subsection (b), such sums as may be
necessary.
* * * * * * *
SEC. 1304A. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHITECTURE, AND
CONTROLS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019,
the Secretary shall establish a program of research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application on
electric grid modeling, sensing, visualization, architecture
development, and advanced operation and controls.
(b) Modeling Research and Development.--The Secretary shall
support development of models of emerging technologies and
systems to facilitate the secure and reliable design, planning,
and operation of the electric grid for use by industry
stakeholders. In particular, the Secretary shall support
development of--
(1) models to analyze and predict the effects of
adverse physical and cyber events on the electric grid;
(2) coupled models of electrical, physical, and cyber
systems;
(3) models of existing and emerging technologies
being deployed on the electric grid due to projected
changes in the electric generation mix and loads, for a
variety of regional characteristics; and
(4) integrated models of the communications,
transmission, distribution, and other interdependent
systems for existing, new, and emerging technologies.
(c) Situational Awareness Research and Development.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support
development of computational tools and technologies to
improve sensing, monitoring, and visualization of the
electric grid for real-time situational awareness and
decision support tools that enable improved operation
of the power system, including utility, non-utility,
and customer grid-connected assets, for use by industry
partners.
(2) Data use.--In developing visualization
capabilities under this section, the Secretary shall
develop tools for industry stakeholders to use to
analyze data collected from advanced measurement and
monitoring technologies, including data from phasor
measurement units and advanced metering units.
(3) Severe events.--The Secretary shall prioritize
enhancing cyber and physical situational awareness of
the electric grid during adverse manmade and naturally-
occurring events.
(d) Architecture.--The Secretary shall conduct research in
collaboration with industry stakeholders to develop model grid
architectures to assist with wide-area transmission and
distribution planning that incorporate expected changes to the
modern electric grid. In supporting the development of model
grid architectures, the Secretary shall--
(1) analyze a variety of grid architecture scenarios
that range from minor upgrades to existing transmission
grid infrastructure to scenarios that involve the
replacement of significant portions of existing
transmission grid infrastructure;
(2) analyze the effects of the increasing
proliferation of renewable and other zero emissions
energy generation sources, increasing use of
distributed resources owned by non-utility entities,
and the use of digital and automated controls not
managed by grid operators;
(3) include a variety of new and emerging
distribution grid technologies, including distributed
energy resources, electric vehicle charging stations,
distribution automation technologies, energy storage,
and renewable energy sources;
(4) analyze the effects of local load balancing and
other forms of decentralized control;
(5) analyze the effects of changes to grid
architectures resulting from modernizing electric grid
systems, including communications, controls, markets,
consumer choice, emergency response, electrification,
and cybersecurity concerns; and
(6) develop integrated grid architectures that
incorporate system resilience for cyber, physical, and
communications systems.
(e) Operation and Controls Research and Development.--The
Secretary shall conduct research to develop improvements to the
operation and controls of the electric grid, in coordination
with industry partners. Such activities shall include--
(1) a training facility or facilities to allow grid
operators to gain operational experience with advanced
grid control concepts and technologies;
(2) development of cost-effective advanced operation
and control concepts and technologies, such as adaptive
islanding, dynamic line rating systems, power flow
controllers, network topology optimization, smart
circuit breakers, intelligent load shedding, and fault-
tolerant control system architectures;
(3) development of real-time control concepts using
artificial intelligence and machine learning for
improved electric grid resilience; and
(4) utilization of advanced data analytics including
load forecasting, power flow modeling, equipment
failure prediction, resource optimization, risk
analysis, and decision analysis.
(f) Interoperability Research and Development.--The Secretary
shall conduct research and development on tools and
technologies that improve the interoperability and
compatibility of new and emerging components, technologies, and
systems with existing electric grid infrastructure.
(g) Computing Resources and Data Coordination Research and
Development.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary
shall--
(1) leverage existing computing resources at the
National Laboratories;
(2) develop voluntary standards for data taxonomies
and communication protocols in coordination with public
and private sector stakeholders; and
(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
(h) Information Sharing.--None of the activities authorized
in this section shall require private entities to share
information or data with the Secretary.
* * * * * * *
SEC. 1310. GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019,
the Secretary shall establish a research, development, and
demonstration program to enhance resilience and strengthen
emergency response and management pertaining to the electric
grid.
(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible
entities under subsection (c) on a competitive basis to conduct
research and development with the purpose of improving the
resilience and reliability of electric grid by--
(1) developing methods to improve community and
governmental preparation for and emergency response to
large-area, long-duration electricity interruptions,
including through the use of energy efficiency,
storage, and distributed generation technologies;
(2) developing tools to help utilities and
communities ensure the continuous delivery of
electricity to critical facilities;
(3) developing tools to improve coordination between
utilities and relevant Federal agencies to enable
communication, information-sharing, and situational
awareness in the event of a physical or cyber attack on
the electric grid;
(4) developing technologies and capabilities to
withstand and address the current and projected impact
of the changing climate on electric grid
infrastructure, including extreme weather events and
other natural disasters;
(5) developing technologies capable of early
detection of deteriorating electrical equipment on the
transmission and distribution grid, including detection
of spark ignition from wildfires and risks of
vegetation contact; and
(6) assessing upgrades and additions needed to
electric grid infrastructure due to projected changes
in the electricity generation mix and electricity
demand.
(c) Eligible Entities.--The entities eligible to receive
grants under this section include--
(1) an institution of higher education;
(2) a nonprofit organization;
(3) a National Laboratory;
(4) a unit of State, local, or tribal government;
(5) an electric utility or electric cooperative;
(6) a retail service provider of electricity;
(7) a private commercial entity;
(8) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more entities
described in subparagraphs (1) through (7).
(d) Relevant Activities.--Grants awarded under subsection (b)
shall include funding for research and development activities
related to the purpose described in subsection (b), such as--
(1) development of technologies to use distributed
energy resources, such as solar photovoltaics, energy
storage systems, electric vehicles, and microgrids to
improve grid and critical end-user resilience;
(2) analysis of non-technical barriers to greater
integration and use of technologies on the distribution
grid;
(3) analysis of past large-area, long-duration
electricity interruptions to identify common elements
and best practices for electricity restoration,
mitigation, and prevention of future disruptions;
(4) development of advanced monitoring, analytics,
operation, and controls of electricity grid systems to
improve electric grid resilience;
(5) analysis of technologies, methods, and concepts
that can improve community resilience and survivability
of frequent or long-duration power outages;
(6) development of methodologies to maintain
cybersecurity during restoration of electric grid
infrastructure and operation;
(7) development of advanced power flow control
systems and components to improve electric grid
resilience; and
(8) any other relevant activities determined by the
Secretary.
(e) Technical Assistance.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide
technical assistance to eligible entities for the
commercial application of technologies to improve the
resilience of the electric grid and commercial
application of technologies to help entities develop
plans for preventing and recovering from various power
outage scenarios at the local, regional, and State
level.
(2) Technical assistance program.--The technical
assistance program established in paragraph (1) shall
include assistance to eligible entities for--
(A) the commercial application of
technologies developed from the grant program
established in subsection (b), including
municipal and cooperative utilities;
(B) the development of methods to strengthen
or otherwise mitigate adverse impacts on
electric grid infrastructure against natural
hazards;
(C) the use of Department data and modeling
tools for various purposes; and
(D) a resource assessment and analysis of
future demand and distribution requirements,
including development of advanced grid
architectures and risk analysis.
(3) Eligible entities.--The entities eligible to
receive technical assistance for commercial application
of technologies under this section include--
(A) representatives of all sectors of the
electric power industry, including electric
utilities, trade organizations, and
transmission and distribution system
organizations, owners, and operators;
(B) State and local governments and
regulatory authorities, including public
utility commissions;
(C) tribal and Alaska Native governmental
entities;
(D) partnerships among entities under
subparagraphs (A) through (C);
(E) regional partnerships; and
(F) any other entities the Secretary deems
appropriate.
(4) Authority.--Nothing in this section shall
authorize the Secretary to require any entity to adopt
any model, tool, technology, plan, analysis, or
assessment.
(f) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
SEC. 1311. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019,
the Secretary shall establish a research, development, and
demonstration program to develop cost-effective hybrid energy
systems, including--
(1) development of computer modeling to design
different configurations of hybrid energy systems and
to optimize system operation;
(2) research on system integration needed to plan,
design, build, and operate hybrid energy systems,
including interconnection requirements with the
electric grid;
(3) development of hybrid energy systems for various
applications, including--
(A) thermal energy generation and storage for
buildings and manufacturing;
(B) electricity storage coupled with energy
generation;
(C) desalination;
(D) production of liquid and gaseous fuels;
and
(E) production of chemicals such as ammonia
and ethylene;
(4) development of testing facilities for hybrid
energy systems; and
(5) research on incorporation of various technologies
for hybrid energy systems, including nuclear energy,
renewable energy, storage, and carbon capture,
utilization, and sequestration technologies.
(b) Strategic Plan.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date
of the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and
Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy
and Natural Resources of the Senate a strategic plan
that identifies opportunities, challenges, and
standards needed for the development and commercial
application of hybrid energy systems. The strategic
plan shall include--
(A) analysis of the potential benefits of
development of hybrid electric systems on the
electric grid;
(B) analysis of the potential contributions
of hybrid energy systems to different grid
architecture scenarios;
(C) research and development goals for
various hybrid energy systems, including those
identified in subsection (b);
(D) assessment of policy and market barriers
to the adoption of hybrid energy systems;
(E) analysis of the technical and economic
feasibility of adoption of different hybrid
energy systems; and
(F) a 10-year roadmap to guide the program
established under subsection (a).
(2) Updates.--Not less than once every 3 years for
the duration of this research program, the Secretary
shall submit an updated version of the strategic plan
to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of
the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.
(c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of
section, the Secretary shall--
(1) implement the recommendations set forth in the
strategic plan in subsection (b);
(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at
the Department, including--
(A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy;
(B) the Office of Nuclear Energy; and
(C) the Office of Fossil Energy;
(3) leverage existing programs and resources of the
Department;
(4) prioritize activities that accelerate the
development of integrated electricity generation,
storage, and distribution systems with net zero
greenhouse gas emissions; and
(5) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
(d) Hybrid Energy System Defined.--The term ``hybrid energy
system'' means a system composed of 2 or more co-located or
jointly operated sub-systems of energy generation, energy
storage, or other energy technologies.
SEC. 1312. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019,
the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee (to be
known as the ``Industry Alliance'') to advise the Secretary on
the authorization of research, development, and demonstration
projects under sections 1304 and 1304a.
(b) Membership.--The Industry Alliance shall be composed of
members selected by the Secretary that, as a group, are broadly
representative of United States electric grid research,
development, infrastructure, operations, and manufacturing
expertise.
(c) Responsibility.--The Secretary shall annually solicit
from the Industry Alliance--
(1) comments to identify grid modernization
technology needs;
(2) an assessment of the progress of the research
activities on grid modernization; and
(3) assistance in annually updating grid
modernization technology roadmaps.
SEC. 1313. DEFINITIONS.
In this title, the following definitions apply:
(1) Critical facility.--The term ``critical
facility'' means a manmade structure that the Secretary
determines vital to socioeconomic activities such that,
if destroyed or damaged, such destruction or damage
could cause substantial disruption to such
socioeconomic activities.
(2) Distribution automation.--The term ``distribution
automation'' means systems and technologies that exert
intelligent control over electrical grid functions at
the distribution level.
(3) Resilience.--The term ``resilience'' means the
ability to withstand and reduce the magnitude or
duration of disruptive events, which includes the
capability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, or rapidly
recover from such an event, including from deliberate
attacks, accidents, and naturally occurring threats or
incidents.
* * * * * * *
----------
ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Energy
Policy Act of 2005''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is
as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
* * * * * * *
TITLE IX--RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
* * * * * * *
Subtitle C--Renewable Energy
* * * * * * *
Sec. 936. Research and development into integrating renewable energy
onto the electric grid.
* * * * * * *
TITLE IX--RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
* * * * * * *
Subtitle B--Distributed Energy and Electric Energy Systems
* * * * * * *
SEC. 925. ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS.
(a) Program.--The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive
research, development, and demonstration program to ensure the
reliability, efficiency, and environmental integrity of
electrical transmission and distribution systems, which shall
include--
(1) advanced energy delivery technologies, energy
storage technologies, materials, and systems, giving
priority to new transmission technologies, including
composite conductor materials and other technologies
that enhance reliability, operational flexibility, or
power-carrying capability;
(2) advanced grid reliability and efficiency
technology development;
(3) technologies contributing to significant load
reductions;
(4) advanced metering, load management, and control
technologies;
(5) technologies to enhance existing grid components;
(6) the development and use of high-temperature
superconductors to--
(A) enhance the reliability, operational
flexibility, or power-carrying capability of
electric transmission or distribution systems;
or
(B) increase the efficiency of electric
energy generation, transmission, distribution,
or storage systems;
(7) integration of power systems, including systems
to deliver high-quality electric power, electric power
reliability, and combined heat and power;
(8) supply of electricity to the power grid by small
scale, distributed and residential-based power
generators;
(9) the development and use of advanced grid design,
operation, and planning tools;
(10) the development of cost-effective technologies
that enable two-way information and power flow between
distributed energy resources and the electric grid;
(11) the development of technologies and concepts
that enable interoperability between distributed energy
resources and other behind-the-meter devices and the
electric grid;
[(10)] (12) any other infrastructure technologies, as
appropriate; and
[(11)] (13) technology transfer and education.
(b) Program Plan.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in
consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies,
shall prepare and submit to Congress a 5-year program
plan to guide activities under this section.
(2) Consultation.--In preparing the program plan, the
Secretary shall consult with--
(A) utilities;
(B) energy service providers;
(C) manufacturers;
(D) institutions of higher education;
(E) other appropriate State and local
agencies;
(F) environmental organizations;
(G) professional and technical societies; and
(H) any other persons the Secretary considers
appropriate.
(c) Implementation.--The Secretary shall consider
implementing the program under this section using a consortium
of participants from industry, institutions of higher
education, and National Laboratories.
(d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the submission of
the plan under subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to
Congress a report--
(1) describing the progress made under this section;
and
(2) identifying any additional resources needed to
continue the development and commercial application of
transmission and distribution of infrastructure
technologies.
(e) Power Delivery Research Initiative.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a
research, development, and demonstration initiative
specifically focused on power delivery using components
incorporating high temperature superconductivity.
(2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
(A) to establish world-class facilities to
develop high temperature superconductivity
power applications in partnership with
manufacturers and utilities;
(B) to provide technical leadership for
establishing reliability for high temperature
superconductivity power applications, including
suitable modeling and analysis;
(C) to facilitate the commercial transition
toward direct current power transmission,
storage, and use for high power systems using
high temperature superconductivity; and
(D) to facilitate the integration of very low
impedance high temperature superconducting
wires and cables in existing electric networks
to improve system performance, power flow
control, and reliability.
(3) Inclusions.--The Initiative shall include--
(A) feasibility analysis, planning, research,
and design to construct demonstrations of
superconducting links in high power, direct
current, and controllable alternating current
transmission systems;
(B) public-private partnerships to
demonstrate deployment of high temperature
superconducting cable into testbeds simulating
a realistic transmission grid and under varying
transmission conditions, including actual grid
insertions; and
(C) testbeds developed in cooperation with
National Laboratories, industries, and
institutions of higher education to--
(i) demonstrate those technologies;
(ii) prepare the technologies for
commercial introduction; and
(iii) address cost or performance
roadblocks to successful commercial
use.
(f) Transmission and Distribution Grid Planning and
Operations Initiative.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a
research, development, and demonstration initiative
specifically focused on tools needed to plan, operate,
and expand the transmission and distribution grids in
the presence of competitive market mechanisms for
energy, load demand, customer response, and ancillary
services.
(2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
(A)(i) to develop and use a geographically
distributed center, consisting of institutions
of higher education, and National Laboratories,
with expertise and facilities to develop the
underlying theory and software for power system
application; and
(ii) to ensure commercial development in
partnership with software vendors and
utilities;
(B) to provide technical leadership in
engineering and economic analysis for the
reliability and efficiency of power systems
planning and operations in the presence of
competitive markets for electricity;
(C) to model, simulate, and experiment with
new market mechanisms and operating practices
to understand and optimize those new methods
before actual use; and
(D) to provide technical support and
technology transfer to electric utilities and
other participants in the domestic electric
industry and marketplace.
(g) High-voltage Transmission Lines.--As part of the program
described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall award a grant
to a university research program to design and test, in
consultation with the Tennessee Valley Authority, state-of-the-
art optimization techniques for power flow through existing
high voltage transmission lines.
Subtitle C--Renewable Energy
* * * * * * *
SEC. 936. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY
ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019,
the Secretary shall establish a research, development, and
demonstration program on technologies that enable integration
of renewable energy generation sources onto the electric grid
across multiple program offices of the Department. The program
shall include--
(1) forecasting for predicting generation from
variable renewable energy sources;
(2) development of cost-effective low-loss, long-
distance transmission lines; and
(3) development of cost-effective advanced
technologies for variable renewable generation sources
to provide grid services.
(b) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the
Secretary shall--
(1) coordinate across all relevant program offices at
the Department to achieve the goals established in this
section, including the Office of Electricity; and
(2) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization
Research and Development Act of 2019.
(c) Adoption of Technologies.--In carrying out this section,
the Secretary shall consider barriers to adoption and
commercial application of technologies that enable integration
of renewable energy sources onto the electric grid, including
cost and other economic barriers, and shall coordinate with
relevant entities to reduce these barriers.
* * * * * * *
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
[all]