[House Report 116-474]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


116th Congress    }                                    {        Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 2d Session       }                                    {       116-474

======================================================================



 
        GRID MODERNIZATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2019

                                _______
                                

August 11, 2020.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

    Ms. Johnson of Texas, from the Committee on Science, Space, and
                  Technology, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 5428]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

    The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, to whom 
was referred the bill (H.R. 5428) to amend the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 and the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 to direct Federal research on grid modernization and 
security, and for other purposes, having considered the same, 
reports favorably thereon with an amendment and recommends that 
the bill as amended do pass.

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
   I. Amendment.......................................................2
  II. Purpose of the Bill............................................10
 III. Background and Need for the Legislation........................10
  IV. Committee Hearings.............................................11
   V. Committee Consideration and Votes..............................11
  VI. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill........................12
 VII. Section-by-Section Analysis (By Title and Section).............12
VIII. Committee Views................................................13
  IX. Cost Estimate..................................................14
   X. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate......................14
  XI. Compliance with Public Law 104-4 (Unfunded Mandates)...........15
 XII. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations...............15
XIII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives..........16
 XIV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement...........................16
  XV. Duplication of Federal Programs................................16
 XVI. Earmark Identification.........................................16
XVII. Applicability to the Legislative Branch........................16
XVIII.Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law.........16

 XIX. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, As Reported..........16
  XX. Proceedings of Subcommittee Markup.............................34
 XXI. Proceedings of Full Committee Markup...........................81

                              I. Amendment

    The amendment is as follows:
  Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Grid Modernization 
Research and Development Act of 2020''.
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Smart grid regional demonstration initiative.
Sec. 3. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and controls.
Sec. 4. Enhancing grid resilience and emergency response.
Sec. 5. Hybrid energy systems.
Sec. 6. Grid integration research and development.
Sec. 7. Industry alliance.
Sec. 8. Coordination of efforts.
Sec. 9. Definitions.
Sec. 10. Technical amendments; authorization of appropriations.

SEC. 2. SMART GRID REGIONAL DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE.

  Section 1304 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17384) is amended--
          (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``research, development, 
        and demonstration'' before ``program'';
          (2) in subsection (b)--
                  (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a smart grid 
        regional demonstration initiative (referred to in this 
        subsection as the `Initiative') composed of demonstration 
        projects focused on cost-effective, advanced technologies for 
        use in power grid sensing, communications, analysis, power flow 
        control, visualization, distribution automation, industrial 
        control systems, dynamic line rating systems, grid redesign, 
        and the integration of distributed energy resources.''; and
                  (B) in paragraph (2)--
                          (i) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                          (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
                        period and inserting ``; and''; and
                          (iii) by inserting at the end the following:
                  ``(F) to encourage the commercial application of 
                advanced distribution automation technologies that 
                improve system resilience.''.

SEC. 3. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHITECTURE, AND CONTROLS.

  Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17381 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1304 the 
following:

``SEC. 1304A. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHITECTURE, AND 
                    CONTROLS.

  ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the 
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2020, the Secretary 
shall establish a program of research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application on electric grid modeling, sensing, 
visualization, architecture development, and advanced operation and 
controls.
  ``(b) Modeling Research and Development.--The Secretary shall support 
development of models of emerging technologies and systems to 
facilitate the secure and reliable design, planning, and operation of 
the electric grid for use by industry stakeholders. In particular, the 
Secretary shall support development of--
          ``(1) models to analyze and predict the effects of adverse 
        physical and cyber events on the electric grid;
          ``(2) coupled models of electrical, physical, and cyber 
        systems;
          ``(3) models of existing and emerging technologies being 
        deployed on the electric grid due to projected changes in the 
        electric generation mix and loads, for a variety of regional 
        characteristics; and
          ``(4) integrated models of the communications, transmission, 
        distribution, and other interdependent systems for existing, 
        new, and emerging technologies.
  ``(c) Situational Awareness Research and Development.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support development of 
        computational tools and technologies to improve sensing, 
        monitoring, and visualization of the electric grid for real-
        time situational awareness and decision support tools that 
        enable improved operation of the power system, including 
        utility, non-utility, and customer grid-connected assets, for 
        use by industry partners.
          ``(2) Data use.--In developing visualization capabilities 
        under this section, the Secretary shall develop tools for 
        industry stakeholders to use to analyze data collected from 
        advanced measurement and monitoring technologies, including 
        data from phasor measurement units and advanced metering units.
          ``(3) Severe events.--The Secretary shall prioritize 
        enhancing cyber and physical situational awareness of the 
        electric grid during adverse manmade and naturally-occurring 
        events.
  ``(d) Architecture.--The Secretary shall conduct research in 
collaboration with industry stakeholders to develop model grid 
architectures to assist with wide-area transmission and distribution 
planning that incorporate expected changes to the modern electric grid. 
In supporting the development of model grid architectures, the 
Secretary shall--
          ``(1) analyze a variety of grid architecture scenarios that 
        range from minor upgrades to existing transmission grid 
        infrastructure to scenarios that involve the replacement of 
        significant portions of existing transmission grid 
        infrastructure;
          ``(2) analyze the effects of the increasing proliferation of 
        renewable and other zero emissions energy generation sources, 
        increasing use of distributed resources owned by non-utility 
        entities, and the use of digital and automated controls not 
        managed by grid operators;
          ``(3) include a variety of new and emerging distribution grid 
        technologies, including distributed energy resources, electric 
        vehicle charging stations, distribution automation 
        technologies, energy storage, and renewable energy sources;
          ``(4) analyze the effects of local load balancing and other 
        forms of decentralized control;
          ``(5) analyze the effects of changes to grid architectures 
        resulting from modernizing electric grid systems, including 
        communications, controls, markets, consumer choice, emergency 
        response, electrification, and cybersecurity concerns; and
          ``(6) develop integrated grid architectures that incorporate 
        system resilience for cyber, physical, and communications 
        systems.
  ``(e) Operation and Controls Research and Development.--The Secretary 
shall conduct research to develop improvements to the operation and 
controls of the electric grid, in coordination with industry partners. 
Such activities shall include--
          ``(1) a training facility or facilities to allow grid 
        operators to gain operational experience with advanced grid 
        control concepts and technologies;
          ``(2) development of cost-effective advanced operation and 
        control concepts and technologies, such as adaptive islanding, 
        dynamic line rating systems, power flow controllers, network 
        topology optimization, smart circuit breakers, intelligent load 
        shedding, and fault-tolerant control system architectures;
          ``(3) development of real-time control concepts using 
        artificial intelligence and machine learning for improved 
        electric grid resilience; and
          ``(4) utilization of advanced data analytics including load 
        forecasting, power flow modeling, equipment failure prediction, 
        resource optimization, risk analysis, and decision analysis.
  ``(f) Interoperability Research and Development.--The Secretary shall 
conduct research and development on tools and technologies that improve 
the interoperability and compatibility of new and emerging components, 
technologies, and systems with existing electric grid infrastructure.
  ``(g) Computing Resources and Data Coordination Research and 
Development.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
          ``(1) leverage existing computing resources at the National 
        Laboratories;
          ``(2) develop voluntary standards for data taxonomies and 
        communication protocols in coordination with public and private 
        sector stakeholders; and
          ``(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  ``(h) Information Sharing.--None of the activities authorized in this 
section shall require private entities to share information or data 
with the Secretary.''.

SEC. 4. ENHANCING GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

  Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1310. GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

  ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the 
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary 
shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program to 
enhance resilience and strengthen emergency response and management 
pertaining to the electric grid.
  ``(b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible entities 
under subsection (c) on a competitive basis to conduct research and 
development with the purpose of improving the resilience and 
reliability of electric grid by--
          ``(1) developing methods to improve community and 
        governmental preparation for and emergency response to large-
        area, long-duration electricity interruptions, including 
        through the use of energy efficiency, storage, and distributed 
        generation technologies;
          ``(2) developing tools to help utilities and communities 
        ensure the continuous delivery of electricity to critical 
        facilities;
          ``(3) developing tools to improve coordination between 
        utilities and relevant Federal agencies to enable 
        communication, information-sharing, and situational awareness 
        in the event of a physical or cyber attack on the electric 
        grid;
          ``(4) developing technologies and capabilities to withstand 
        and address the current and projected impact of the changing 
        climate on electric grid infrastructure, including extreme 
        weather events and other natural disasters;
          ``(5) developing technologies capable of early detection of 
        deteriorating electrical equipment on the transmission and 
        distribution grid, including detection of spark ignition from 
        wildfires and risks of vegetation contact; and
          ``(6) assessing upgrades and additions needed to electric 
        grid infrastructure due to projected changes in the electricity 
        generation mix and electricity demand.
  ``(c) Eligible Entities.--The entities eligible to receive grants 
under this section include--
          ``(1) an institution of higher education;
          ``(2) a nonprofit organization;
          ``(3) a National Laboratory;
          ``(4) a unit of State, local, or tribal government;
          ``(5) an electric utility or electric cooperative;
          ``(6) a retail service provider of electricity;
          ``(7) a private commercial entity; and
          ``(8) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more entities 
        described in subparagraphs (1) through (7).
  ``(d) Relevant Activities.--Grants awarded under subsection (b) shall 
include funding for research and development activities related to the 
purpose described in subsection (b), such as--
          ``(1) development of technologies to use distributed energy 
        resources, such as solar photovoltaics, energy storage systems, 
        electric vehicles, and microgrids to improve grid and critical 
        end-user resilience;
          ``(2) analysis of non-technical barriers to greater 
        integration and use of technologies on the distribution grid;
          ``(3) analysis of past large-area, long-duration electricity 
        interruptions to identify common elements and best practices 
        for electricity restoration, mitigation, and prevention of 
        future disruptions;
          ``(4) development of advanced monitoring, analytics, 
        operation, and controls of electricity grid systems to improve 
        electric grid resilience;
          ``(5) analysis of technologies, methods, and concepts that 
        can improve community resilience and survivability of frequent 
        or long-duration power outages;
          ``(6) development of methodologies to maintain cybersecurity 
        during restoration of electric grid infrastructure and 
        operation;
          ``(7) development of advanced power flow control systems and 
        components to improve electric grid resilience; and
          ``(8) any other relevant activities determined by the 
        Secretary.
  ``(e) Technical Assistance.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide technical 
        assistance to eligible entities for the commercial application 
        of technologies to improve the resilience of the electric grid 
        and commercial application of technologies to help entities 
        develop plans for preventing and recovering from various power 
        outage scenarios at the local, regional, and State level.
          ``(2) Technical assistance program.--The technical assistance 
        program established in paragraph (1) shall include assistance 
        to eligible entities for--
                  ``(A) the commercial application of technologies 
                developed from the grant program established in 
                subsection (b), including municipal and cooperative 
                utilities;
                  ``(B) the development of methods to strengthen or 
                otherwise mitigate adverse impacts on electric grid 
                infrastructure against natural hazards;
                  ``(C) the use of Department data and modeling tools 
                for various purposes; and
                  ``(D) a resource assessment and analysis of future 
                demand and distribution requirements, including 
                development of advanced grid architectures and risk 
                analysis.
          ``(3) Eligible entities.--The entities eligible to receive 
        technical assistance for commercial application of technologies 
        under this section include--
                  ``(A) representatives of all sectors of the electric 
                power industry, including electric utilities, trade 
                organizations, and transmission and distribution system 
                organizations, owners, and operators;
                  ``(B) State and local governments and regulatory 
                authorities, including public utility commissions;
                  ``(C) tribal and Alaska Native governmental entities;
                  ``(D) partnerships among entities under subparagraphs 
                (A) through (C);
                  ``(E) regional partnerships; and
                  ``(F) any other entities the Secretary deems 
                appropriate.
          ``(4) Authority.--Nothing in this section shall authorize the 
        Secretary to require any entity to adopt any model, tool, 
        technology, plan, analysis, or assessment.
  ``(f) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization Research and 
Development Act of 2019.''.

SEC. 5. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS.

  Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.), as amended, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 1311. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS.

  ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the 
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary 
shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program to 
develop cost-effective hybrid energy systems, including--
          ``(1) development of computer modeling to design different 
        configurations of hybrid energy systems and to optimize system 
        operation;
          ``(2) research on system integration needed to plan, design, 
        build, and operate hybrid energy systems, including 
        interconnection requirements with the electric grid;
          ``(3) development of hybrid energy systems for various 
        applications, including--
                  ``(A) thermal energy generation and storage for 
                buildings and manufacturing;
                  ``(B) electricity storage coupled with energy 
                generation;
                  ``(C) desalination;
                  ``(D) production of liquid and gaseous fuels; and
                  ``(E) production of chemicals such as ammonia and 
                ethylene;
          ``(4) development of testing facilities for hybrid energy 
        systems; and
          ``(5) research on incorporation of various technologies for 
        hybrid energy systems, including nuclear energy, renewable 
        energy, storage, and carbon capture, utilization, and 
        sequestration technologies.
  ``(b) Strategic Plan.--
          ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and 
        Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate a strategic plan that identifies 
        opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for the 
        development and commercial application of hybrid energy 
        systems. The strategic plan shall include--
                  ``(A) analysis of the potential benefits of 
                development of hybrid electric systems on the electric 
                grid;
                  ``(B) analysis of the potential contributions of 
                hybrid energy systems to different grid architecture 
                scenarios;
                  ``(C) research and development goals for various 
                hybrid energy systems, including those identified in 
                subsection (b);
                  ``(D) assessment of policy and market barriers to the 
                adoption of hybrid energy systems;
                  ``(E) analysis of the technical and economic 
                feasibility of adoption of different hybrid energy 
                systems; and
                  ``(F) a 10-year roadmap to guide the program 
                established under subsection (a).
          ``(2) Updates.--Not less than once every 3 years for the 
        duration of this research program, the Secretary shall submit 
        an updated version of the strategic plan to the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
        Senate.
  ``(c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of section, 
the Secretary shall--
          ``(1) implement the recommendations set forth in the 
        strategic plan in subsection (b);
          ``(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the 
        Department, including--
                  ``(A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
                Energy;
                  ``(B) the Office of Nuclear Energy; and
                  ``(C) the Office of Fossil Energy;
          ``(3) leverage existing programs and resources of the 
        Department;
          ``(4) prioritize activities that accelerate the development 
        of integrated electricity generation, storage, and distribution 
        systems with net zero greenhouse gas emissions; and
          ``(5) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  ``(d) Hybrid Energy System Defined.--The term `hybrid energy system' 
means a system composed of 2 or more co-located or jointly operated 
sub-systems of energy generation, energy storage, or other energy 
technologies.''.

SEC. 6. GRID INTEGRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

  (a) Integrating Distributed Energy Resources Onto the Electric 
Grid.--Section 925(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16215) is amended--
          (1) by redesignating paragraphs (10) and (11) as paragraphs 
        (12) and (13), respectively; and
          (2) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
          ``(10) the development of cost-effective technologies that 
        enable two-way information and power flow between distributed 
        energy resources and the electric grid;
          ``(11) the development of technologies and concepts that 
        enable interoperability between distributed energy resources 
        and other behind-the-meter devices and the electric grid;''.
  (b) Integrating Renewable Energy Onto the Electric Grid.--Subtitle C 
of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16231 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 936. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY 
                    ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.

  ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the 
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary 
shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program on 
technologies that enable integration of renewable energy generation 
sources onto the electric grid across multiple program offices of the 
Department. The program shall include--
          ``(1) forecasting for predicting generation from variable 
        renewable energy sources;
          ``(2) development of cost-effective low-loss, long-distance 
        transmission lines; and
          ``(3) development of cost-effective advanced technologies for 
        variable renewable generation sources to provide grid services.
  ``(b) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the Secretary 
shall--
          ``(1) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the 
        Department to achieve the goals established in this section, 
        including the Office of Electricity; and
          ``(2) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  ``(c) Adoption of Technologies.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall consider barriers to adoption and commercial 
application of technologies that enable integration of renewable energy 
sources onto the electric grid, including cost and other economic 
barriers, and shall coordinate with relevant entities to reduce these 
barriers.''.
  (c) Integrating Electric Vehicles Onto the Electric Grid.--Subtitle B 
of title I of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17011 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES 
                    ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a research, 
development, and demonstration program to advance the integration of 
electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, onto the 
electric grid.
  ``(b) Vehicles-to-grid Integration Assessment Report.--Not later than 
1 year after the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and 
Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the 
results of a study that examines the research, development, and 
demonstration opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for 
integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
          ``(1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
                  ``(A) an evaluation of the use of electric vehicles 
                to maintain the reliability of the electric grid, 
                including--
                          ``(i) the use of electric vehicles for demand 
                        response, load shaping, emergency power, and 
                        frequency regulation; and
                          ``(ii) the potential for the reuse of spent 
                        electric vehicle batteries for stationary grid 
                        storage;
                  ``(B) the impact of grid integration on electric 
                vehicles, including--
                          ``(i) the impact of bi-directional 
                        electricity flow on battery degradation; and
                          ``(ii) the implications of the use of 
                        electric vehicles for grid services on original 
                        equipment manufacturer warranties;
                  ``(C) the impacts to the electric grid of increased 
                penetration of electric vehicles, including--
                          ``(i) the distribution grid infrastructure 
                        needed to support an increase in charging 
                        capacity;
                          ``(ii) strategies for integrating electric 
                        vehicles onto the distribution grid while 
                        limiting infrastructure upgrades;
                          ``(iii) the changes in electricity demand 
                        over a 24-hour cycle due to electric vehicle 
                        charging behavior;
                          ``(iv) the load increases expected from 
                        electrifying the transportation sector;
                          ``(v) the potential for customer incentives 
                        and other managed charging stations strategies 
                        to shift charging off-peak;
                          ``(vi) the technology needed to achieve bi-
                        directional power flow on the distribution 
                        grid; and
                          ``(vii) the implementation of smart charging 
                        techniques;
                  ``(D) research on the standards needed to integrate 
                electric vehicles with the grid, including 
                communications systems, protocols, and charging 
                stations, in collaboration with the National Institute 
                for Standards and Technology;
                  ``(E) the cybersecurity challenges and needs 
                associated with electrifying the transportation sector; 
                and
                  ``(F) an assessment of the feasibility of adopting 
                technologies developed under the program established 
                under subsection (a) at Department facilities.
          ``(2) Recommendations.--As part of the Vehicles-to-Grid 
        Integration Assessment Report, the Secretary shall develop a 
        10-year roadmap to guide the research, development, and 
        demonstration program to integrate electric vehicles onto the 
        electric grid.
          ``(3) Consultation.--In developing this report, the Secretary 
        shall consult with relevant stakeholders, including--
                  ``(A) electric vehicle manufacturers;
                  ``(B) electric utilities;
                  ``(C) public utility commissions;
                  ``(D) vehicle battery manufacturers;
                  ``(E) electric vehicle supply equipment 
                manufacturers;
                  ``(F) charging infrastructure manufacturers;
                  ``(G) the National Laboratories; and
                  ``(H) other Federal agencies, as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate.
          ``(4) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report 
        required under this section every 3 years for the duration of 
        the program under section (a) and shall submit the updated 
        report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
        Natural Resources of the Senate.
  ``(c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of section, 
the Secretary shall--
          ``(1) implement the recommendations set forth in the report 
        in subsection (b);
          ``(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the 
        Department to achieve the goals established in this section, 
        including the Office of Electricity; and
          ``(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  ``(d) Testing Capabilities.--The Secretary shall coordinate with the 
National Laboratories to develop testing capabilities for the 
evaluation, rapid prototyping, and optimization of technologies 
enabling integration of electric vehicles onto the electric grid.''.
  (d) Research and Development on Integrating Buildings Onto the 
Electric Grid.--Subtitle B of title IV of the Energy Independence and 
Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17081 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

``SEC. 426. ADVANCED INTEGRATION OF BUILDINGS ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.

  ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program of 
research, development, and demonstration to enable components of 
commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy loads 
on and resources for the electric grid. The program shall focus on--
          ``(1) developing low-cost, low power, wireless sensors to--
                  ``(A) monitor building energy load;
                  ``(B) forecast building energy need; and
                  ``(C) enable building-level energy control;
          ``(2) developing data management capabilities and standard 
        communication protocols to further interoperability at the 
        building and grid-level;
          ``(3) developing advanced building-level energy management of 
        components through integration of smart technologies, control 
        systems, and data processing, to enable energy efficiency and 
        savings;
          ``(4) optimizing energy consumption at the building level to 
        enable grid stability and resilience;
          ``(5) improving visualization of behind the meter equipment 
        and technologies to provide better insight into the energy 
        needs and energy forecasts of individual buildings;
          ``(6) reducing the cost of key components to accelerate the 
        adoption of smart building technologies;
          ``(7) protecting against cybersecurity threats and addressing 
        security vulnerabilities of building systems or equipment; and
          ``(8) other areas determined appropriate by the Secretary.
  ``(b) Considerations.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall--
          ``(1) work with utility partners, building owners, technology 
        vendors, and building developers to test and validate 
        technologies and encourage the commercial application of these 
        technologies by building owners; and
          ``(2) consider the specific challenges of enabling greater 
        interaction between components of--
                  ``(A) small- and medium-sized buildings and the 
                electric grid; and
                  ``(B) residential and commercial buildings and the 
                electric grid.
  ``(c) Buildings-to-grid Integration Report.--Not later than one year 
after the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and Development 
Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the results 
of a study that examines the research, development, and demonstration 
opportunities, challenges, and standards needed to enable components of 
commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy loads 
on and resources for the electric grid.
          ``(1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
                  ``(A) an assessment of the technologies needed to 
                enable building components as dynamic loads on and 
                resources for the electric grid, including how such 
                technologies can be--
                          ``(i) incorporated into new commercial and 
                        residential buildings; and
                          ``(ii) retrofitted in older buildings;
                  ``(B) guidelines for the design of new buildings and 
                building components to enable modern grid interactivity 
                and improve energy efficiency;
                  ``(C) an assessment of barriers to the adoption by 
                building owners of advanced technologies enabling 
                greater integration of building components onto the 
                electric grid; and
                  ``(D) an assessment of the feasibility of adopting 
                technologies developed under the program established 
                under subsection (a) at Department facilities.
          ``(2) Recommendations.--As part of the report, the Secretary 
        shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the research, 
        development, and demonstration program to enable components of 
        commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy 
        loads on and resources for the electric grid.
          ``(3) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report 
        required under this section every 3 years for the duration of 
        the program under subsection (a) and shall submit the updated 
        report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
        Natural Resources of the Senate.
  ``(d) Program Implementation.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall--
          ``(1) implement the recommendations from the report in 
        subsection (c);
          ``(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at the 
        Department to achieve the goals established in this section, 
        including the Office of Electricity; and
          ``(3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.''.

SEC. 7. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE.

  Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.), as amended, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 1312. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE.

  ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the 
Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary 
shall establish an advisory committee (to be known as the `Industry 
Alliance') to advise the Secretary on the authorization of research, 
development, and demonstration projects under sections 1304 and 1304a.
  ``(b) Membership.--The Industry Alliance shall be composed of members 
selected by the Secretary that, as a group, are broadly representative 
of United States electric grid research, development, infrastructure, 
operations, and manufacturing expertise.
  ``(c) Responsibility.--The Secretary shall annually solicit from the 
Industry Alliance--
          ``(1) comments to identify grid modernization technology 
        needs;
          ``(2) an assessment of the progress of the research 
        activities on grid modernization; and
          ``(3) assistance in annually updating grid modernization 
        technology roadmaps.''.

SEC. 8. COORDINATION OF EFFORTS.

  In carrying out the amendments made by this Act, the Secretary shall 
coordinate with relevant entities to the maximum extent practicable, 
including--
          (1) electric utilities;
          (2) private sector entities;
          (3) representatives of all sectors of the electric power 
        industry;
          (4) transmission organizations;
          (5) transmission owners and operators;
          (6) distribution organizations;
          (7) distribution asset owners and operators;
          (8) State and local governments and regulatory authorities;
          (9) academic institutions;
          (10) the National Laboratories;
          (11) other Federal agencies;
          (12) nonprofit organizations;
          (13) the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;
          (14) the North American Reliability Corporation;
          (15) independent system operators; and
          (16) programs and program offices at the Department.

SEC. 9. DEFINITIONS.

  Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17381 et. seq.), as amended, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 1313. DEFINITIONS.

  ``In this title, the following definitions apply:
          ``(1) Critical facility.--The term `critical facility' means 
        a manmade structure that the Secretary determines vital to 
        socioeconomic activities such that, if destroyed or damaged, 
        such destruction or damage could cause substantial disruption 
        to such socioeconomic activities.
          ``(2) Distribution automation.--The term `distribution 
        automation' means systems and technologies that exert 
        intelligent control over electrical grid functions at the 
        distribution level.
          ``(3) Resilience.--The term `resilience' means the ability to 
        withstand and reduce the magnitude or duration of disruptive 
        events, which includes the capability to anticipate, absorb, 
        adapt to, or rapidly recover from such an event, including from 
        deliberate attacks, accidents, and naturally occurring threats 
        or incidents.''.

SEC. 10. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

  (a) Technical Amendments.--
          (1) Energy independence and security act of 2007.--Section 
        1(b) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is 
        amended in the table of contents--
                  (A) by inserting the following after the item related 
                to section 136:

``Sec. 137. Research and development into integrating electric vehicles 
onto the electric grid.'';

                  (B) by inserting the following after the item related 
                to section 425:

``Sec. 426. Advanced integration of buildings onto the electric 
grid.'';

                  (C) by inserting the following after the item related 
                to section 1304:

``Sec. 1304a. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and 
controls.''; and

                  (D) by inserting the following after the item related 
                to section 1309:

``Sec. 1310. Grid resilience and emergency response.
``Sec. 1311. Hybrid energy systems.
``Sec. 1312. Industry Alliance.
``Sec. 1313. Definitions.''.

          (2) Energy policy act of 2005.--Section 1(b) of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 is amended in the table of contents by 
        inserting the following after the item related to section 935:

``Sec. 936. Research and development into integrating renewable energy 
onto the electric grid.''.

  (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated--
          (1) to carry out sections 7 and 8 and the amendments made by 
        sections 2 and 3 of this Act--
                  (A) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
                  (B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                  (C) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (D) $185,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
                  (E) $190,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
          (2) to carry out section 5 of this Act--
                  (A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
                  (B) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                  (C) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (D) $23,153,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
                  (E) $24,310,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
          (3) to carry out section 6 of this Act--
                  (A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
                  (B) $52,500,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                  (C) $55,152,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                  (D) $57,882,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
                  (E) $60,775,000 for fiscal year 2024.

                        II. Purpose of the Bill

    The purpose of the bill is to amend the Energy Independence 
and Security Act of 2007 and the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to 
direct Federal research on grid modernization and resilience. 
H.R. 5428 is sponsored by Mr. Lamb and co-sponsored by Ms. 
Herrera-Beutler, Ms. Johnson, Mr. Fitzpatrick, and Mr. McAdams.

              III. Background and Need for the Legislation

    Our nation's electricity grid is undergoing a series of 
transformations, which includes adapting to a changing 
electricity generation mix; an increase in ``smart grid'' 
technologies to help develop an intelligent electric power 
system; and a growing need to improve the resilience of the 
grid. Given this rapidly evolving landscape, the National 
Academies published a report in 2017 with a series of 
recommendations for improving the resilience of our nation's 
electric transmission and distribution grid infrastructure.\1\ 
The Department of Energy (DOE) has an important role to play in 
the development of relevant technologies and other supporting 
programs to achieve these goals.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, 
Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System, https://
www.nap.edu/catalog/24836/enhancing-the-resilience-of-the-nations-
electricity-system.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    DOE's Office of Electricity (OE) stewards our nation's 
primary research programs related to grid modernization. The 
main mission of OE is to support grid modernization and 
resilience through programs that improve the planning and 
operational capabilities of the energy sector at both the 
transmission and distribution level. This includes research on 
a variety of technologies related to: the smart grid, demand 
response, microgrids, energy storage, renewable energy 
integration, transformer resilience, grid planning, sensor 
development, and power flow controllers. OE also provides 
technical assistance to States, regional entities, and tribes 
on a variety of topics to assist with the development and 
implementation of their electricity-related policies and 
handles permitting of cross-border transmission lines and 
coordinating Federal transmission permitting on Federal lands.

                         IV. Committee Hearings

    Pursuant to Section 103 (i) of H. Res. 6, the Committee 
designates the following hearings as having been used to 
develop or consider the legislation:
    On July 17, 2019 the Honorable Conor Lamb presiding, the 
Energy Subcommittee of the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology held a hearing to examine research needs to 
modernize and secure our nation's electricity grid. Witnesses 
and Members discussed the extensive work done at the Department 
of Energy to develop technologies that improve the flexibility, 
resilience, and security of the electric grid, including energy 
storage, and the need for continued and additional investments 
in grid operation technology to keep up with a rapidly evolving 
grid system.

                               WITNESSES

    The Honorable Karen Evans, Assistant Secretary, Office of 
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, U.S. 
Department of Energy
    Mr. Juan J. Torres, Associate Laboratory Director, Energy 
Systems Integration, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and 
Co-Chair, Grid Modernization Lab Consortium
    Ms. Kelly Speakes-Backman, CEO, Energy Storage Association
    Ms. Katherine Hamilton, Chair, 38 North Solutions and 
Executive Director, Advanced Energy Management Alliance

                  V. Committee Consideration and Votes

    The Energy Subcommittee of the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology met to consider H.R. 5428 on December 19, 2019.
    Mr. McNerney offered an amendment that would direct the 
Department of Energy to analyze non-technical barriers to the 
greater integration and use of technologies on the distribution 
grid. The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Mr. Lamb moved that the Committee favorably report the 
bill, H.R. 5428, as amended, to the Full Committee with the 
recommendation that the bill be approved. The motion was agreed 
to by a voice vote.
    The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to 
consider H.R. 5428 on February 12, 2020.
    Ms. Fletcher offered an amendment that would include in the 
bill research and development on improving the interoperability 
and compatibility of new and emerging components, technologies, 
and systems with existing electric grid infrastructure. The 
amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Chairwoman Johnson moved that the Committee favorably 
report the bill, H.R. 5428, as amended, to the House of 
Representatives with the recommendation that the bill be 
approved. The motion was agreed to by a voice vote.

              VI. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill

    The Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019 
(H.R. 5428) would authorize a research, development, 
demonstration, and commercial application program at the 
Department of Energy to improve the resilience, flexibility, 
and security of the electric grid. The bill also authorizes an 
industry alliance to assist the Secretary with identifying 
research needs, assessing progress on research activities, and 
updating relevant technology roadmaps.

        VII. Section-by-Section Analysis (By Title and Section)


Sec. 1. Short title; Table of contents

    ``Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019''

Sec. 2. Smart grid regional demonstration initiative

    Reauthorizes the smart grid demonstration program in the 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and adds the 
commercial application of distribution automation technologies 
to the goals of the program.

Sec. 3. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and controls

    Authorizes a research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application program on modeling emerging 
technologies and systems for secure and reliable design and 
planning of the grid; technologies to improve sensing, 
monitoring, and visualization of the grid; development of grid 
architectures for a modern grid; and operation and controls of 
the grid.

Sec. 4. Enhancing grid resilience and emergency response

    This section authorizes a research, development, and 
demonstration program on methods, tools, and technologies to 
improve grid resilience, grid reliability, and emergency 
response, including technologies to detect sparks causing 
wildfires and assessments to determine necessary grid 
infrastructure upgrades. This section also authorizes a 
technical assistance program for eligible entities to develop 
plans for preventing and recovering from various power outage 
scenarios.

Sec. 5. Hybrid energy systems

    Authorizes a research, development, and demonstration 
program to develop cost-effective hybrid energy systems 
incorporating a variety of technologies, including nuclear 
energy, renewable energy, storage, and carbon capture and 
directs the Secretary to submit a 10-year strategic plan on 
hybrid energy systems.

Sec. 6. Grid integration research and development

    Authorizes research, development, and demonstration 
activities relating to integrating renewable energy, electric 
vehicles, and buildings onto the electric grid.

Sec. 7. Industry alliance

    Directs the Secretary to establish an industry alliance 
that is broadly representative of the U.S. electric grid 
research and development, infrastructure, operations, and 
manufacturing expertise to assist the Secretary with 
identifying research and development needs, assessing progress 
on research and development activities, and updating technology 
roadmaps.

Sec. 8. Coordination of efforts

    Directs the Secretary to coordinate with relevant entities 
on the activities authorized in this Act, including electric 
utilities, transmission organizations, distributions owners and 
operators, the national labs, among other entities.

Sec. 9. Definitions

    Defines terms used in the bill.

Sec. 10. Technical amendments; authorization of appropriations

    Makes technical amendments to existing statute and 
authorizes the following amounts for appropriations: for 
sections 2, 3, 7, and 8, $170 million in fiscal year 2020, with 
$5 million annual funding increases through fiscal year 2024; 
for section 5, $20 million in fiscal year 2020, with 5% annual 
funding increases through fiscal year 2024; and for section 6, 
$50 million in fiscal year 2020 with 5% annual funding 
increases through fiscal year 2024.

                         VIII. Committee Views

    The Committee intends that the research, development, 
demonstration, and commercial application program authorized in 
this legislation be carried out with significant coordination 
with the public and private sector to ensure that the tools and 
technologies developed under this program are of use to 
relevant stakeholders, and that the industry alliance 
authorized in this legislation aid in achieving this goal. 
Furthermore, the Committee intends that the Department of 
Energy coordinate across all relevant program offices in 
carrying out research on grid integration and hybrid energy 
systems, given the cross-cutting nature of these research 
programs, and utilize the work of the national laboratories 
through the Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium. Lastly, 
when analyzing non-technical barriers to greater integration 
and use of technologies developed under the authorities granted 
in this bill, the Committee intends that this includes the 
analysis of contractual and regulatory barriers.

                           IX. Cost Estimate

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee adopts as its own the 
estimate of new budget authority, entitlement authority, or tax 
expenditures or revenues contained in the cost estimate 
prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
pursuant to section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974.

              X. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

                                     U.S. Congress,
                               Congressional Budget Office,
                                      Washington, DC, June 1, 2020.
Hon. Eddie Bernice Johnson,
Chairwoman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
    Dear Madam Chairwoman: The Congressional Budget Office has 
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 5428, the Grid 
Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019.
    If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be 
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Sofia Guo.
            Sincerely,
                                         Phillip L. Swagel,
                                                          Director.
    Enclosure.

[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    

    H.R. 5428 would require the Department of Energy (DOE) to 
administer several research, development, and demonstration 
grant programs aimed at modernizing the electric grid, 
including smart grid modeling, developing hybrid energy 
systems, and technologies to integrate electric vehicles onto 
the electric grid. The bill also would require DOE to provide 
technical assistance to grant recipients, establish an advisory 
committee, and report to the Congress. CBO estimates that 
implementing H.R. 5428 would cost about $1.2 billion over the 
2020-2025 period.
    For this estimate, CBO assumes that the bill will be 
enacted in fiscal year 2020 and that the authorized and 
estimated amounts will be appropriated each year. Estimated 
outlays are based on historical spending patterns for similar 
activities. The bill would authorize the appropriation of 
specific amounts each year over the 2020-2024 period for most 
of the activities in the bill, but does not specify an amount 
for section 4 for activities related to grid resilience. Using 
information from DOE, CBO estimates that the department 
allocated $57 million in 2020 for research and development 
activities on grid resilience that are similar to the 
activities authorized under section 4. CBO estimates that the 
department would need about the same amount each year, adjusted 
for inflation, to continue grid resilience activities, over the 
2021-2025 period.
    The costs of the legislation (detailed in Table 1) fall 
under budget function 270 (energy).

               TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION UNDER H.R. 5428
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            By fiscal year, millions of dollars--
                                          ----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             2020      2021      2022      2023      2024      2025    2020-2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grid Initiatives and R&D:
    Authorization........................       170       175       180       185       190         0        900
    Estimated Outlays....................        37        95       136       164       178       145        755
Hybrid Energy Systems:
    Authorizationa.......................         0        21        22        23        24         0         90
    Estimated Outlays....................         0         5        12        17        21        18         73
Grid Integration R&D:
    Authorizationa.......................         0        53        55        58        61         0        227
    Estimated Outlays....................         0        11        29        43        52        44        179
Grid Resilience R&D:
    Estimated Authorization..............         0        59        62        64        66        69        320
    Estimated Outlays....................         0        13        33        48        58        64        216
    Total Changes:
        Estimated Authorization..........       170       308       319       330       341        69      1,537
        Estimated Outlays................        37       124       210       272       309       271     1,223
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aComponents may not sum totals because of rounding; R&D = Research and Development.
a. In 2020, H.R. 5428 would authorize the appropriation of $20 million for hybrid energy systems programs and
  $50 million for grid integration R&D programs. Using information from budget justification documents for the
  Department of Energy, CBO estimates that $41 million and $84 million, respectively, have already been
  allocated to similar activities under the 2020 annual appropriation. Because those amounts are greater than
  the amounts authorized in the bill, CBO does not show any authorization for those programs in 2020.

    The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Sofia Guo. The 
estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Director 
of Budget Analysis.

                     XI. Federal Mandates Statement

    H.R. 5428 contains no unfunded mandates.

         XII. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations

    The Committee's oversight findings and recommendations are 
reflected in the body of this report.

      XIII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives

    Pursuant to clause (3)(c) of House rule XIII, the goals of 
H.R. 5428 are to direct Federal research on grid modernization, 
including smart grid demonstration regional projects; modeling, 
visualization, architecture, and controls; grid resilience and 
emergency response; hybrid energy systems; and grid 
integration.

               XIV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement

    The functions of the advisory committee authorized in H.R. 
5428 are not currently being nor could they be performed by one 
or more agencies or by enlarging the mandate of another 
existing advisory committee.

                  XV. Duplication of Federal Programs

    Pursuant to clause 3(c)(5) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee finds that no provision 
of H.R. 5428 establishes or reauthorizes a program of the 
federal government known to be duplicative of another federal 
program, including any program that was included in a report to 
Congress pursuant to section 21 of Public Law 111-139 or the 
most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance.

                      XVI. Earmark Identification

    Pursuant to clause 9(e), 9(f), and 9(g) of rule XXI, the 
Committee finds that H.R. 5428 contains no earmarks, limited 
tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits.

             XVII. Applicability to the Legislative Branch

    The Committee finds that H.R. 5428 does not relate to the 
terms and conditions of employment or access to public services 
or accommodations within the meaning of section 102(b)(3) of 
the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 104-1).

     XVIII. Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law

    This bill is not intended to preempt any state, local, or 
tribal law.

       XIX. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, As Reported


         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, and existing law in which no 
change is proposed is shown in roman):

              ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT OF 2007


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007''.
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is 
as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
     * * * * * * *

     TITLE I--ENERGY SECURITY THROUGH IMPROVED VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY

     * * * * * * *

                 Subtitle B--Improved Vehicle Technology

     * * * * * * *
Sec. 137. Research and development into integrating electric vehicles 
          onto the electric grid.
     * * * * * * *

           TITLE IV--ENERGY SAVINGS IN BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY

     * * * * * * *

            Subtitle B--High-Performance Commercial Buildings

     * * * * * * *
Sec. 426. Advanced integration of buildings onto the electric grid.
     * * * * * * *

                         TITLE XIII--SMART GRID

     * * * * * * *
Sec. 1304a. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and 
          controls.
     * * * * * * *
Sec. 1310. Grid resilience and emergency response.
Sec. 1311. Hybrid energy systems.
Sec. 1312. Industry Alliance.
Sec. 1313. Definitions.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE I--ENERGY SECURITY THROUGH IMPROVED VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Subtitle B--Improved Vehicle Technology

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES 
                    ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a research, 
development, and demonstration program to advance the 
integration of electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrid 
electric vehicles, onto the electric grid.
  (b) Vehicles-to-grid Integration Assessment Report.--Not 
later than 1 year after the enactment of the Grid Modernization 
Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the results of a 
study that examines the research, development, and 
demonstration opportunities, challenges, and standards needed 
for integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
          (1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
                  (A) an evaluation of the use of electric 
                vehicles to maintain the reliability of the 
                electric grid, including--
                          (i) the use of electric vehicles for 
                        demand response, load shaping, 
                        emergency power, and frequency 
                        regulation; and
                          (ii) the potential for the reuse of 
                        spent electric vehicle batteries for 
                        stationary grid storage;
                  (B) the impact of grid integration on 
                electric vehicles, including--
                          (i) the impact of bi-directional 
                        electricity flow on battery 
                        degradation; and
                          (ii) the implications of the use of 
                        electric vehicles for grid services on 
                        original equipment manufacturer 
                        warranties;
                  (C) the impacts to the electric grid of 
                increased penetration of electric vehicles, 
                including--
                          (i) the distribution grid 
                        infrastructure needed to support an 
                        increase in charging capacity;
                          (ii) strategies for integrating 
                        electric vehicles onto the distribution 
                        grid while limiting infrastructure 
                        upgrades;
                          (iii) the changes in electricity 
                        demand over a 24-hour cycle due to 
                        electric vehicle charging behavior;
                          (iv) the load increases expected from 
                        electrifying the transportation sector;
                          (v) the potential for customer 
                        incentives and other managed charging 
                        stations strategies to shift charging 
                        off-peak;
                          (vi) the technology needed to achieve 
                        bi-directional power flow on the 
                        distribution grid; and
                          (vii) the implementation of smart 
                        charging techniques;
                  (D) research on the standards needed to 
                integrate electric vehicles with the grid, 
                including communications systems, protocols, 
                and charging stations, in collaboration with 
                the National Institute for Standards and 
                Technology;
                  (E) the cybersecurity challenges and needs 
                associated with electrifying the transportation 
                sector; and
                  (F) an assessment of the feasibility of 
                adopting technologies developed under the 
                program established under subsection (a) at 
                Department facilities.
          (2) Recommendations.--As part of the Vehicles-to-Grid 
        Integration Assessment Report, the Secretary shall 
        develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the research, 
        development, and demonstration program to integrate 
        electric vehicles onto the electric grid.
          (3) Consultation.--In developing this report, the 
        Secretary shall consult with relevant stakeholders, 
        including--
                  (A) electric vehicle manufacturers;
                  (B) electric utilities;
                  (C) public utility commissions;
                  (D) vehicle battery manufacturers;
                  (E) electric vehicle supply equipment 
                manufacturers;
                  (F) charging infrastructure manufacturers;
                  (G) the National Laboratories; and
                  (H) other Federal agencies, as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate.
          (4) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report 
        required under this section every 3 years for the 
        duration of the program under section (a) and shall 
        submit the updated report to the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
        the Senate.
  (c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of 
section, the Secretary shall--
          (1) implement the recommendations set forth in the 
        report in subsection (b);
          (2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at 
        the Department to achieve the goals established in this 
        section, including the Office of Electricity; and
          (3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  (d) Testing Capabilities.--The Secretary shall coordinate 
with the National Laboratories to develop testing capabilities 
for the evaluation, rapid prototyping, and optimization of 
technologies enabling integration of electric vehicles onto the 
electric grid.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE IV--ENERGY SAVINGS IN BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Subtitle B--High-Performance Commercial Buildings

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 426. ADVANCED INTEGRATION OF BUILDINGS ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.

  (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program of 
research, development, and demonstration to enable components 
of commercial and residential buildings to serve as dynamic 
energy loads on and resources for the electric grid. The 
program shall focus on--
          (1) developing low-cost, low power, wireless sensors 
        to--
                  (A) monitor building energy load;
                  (B) forecast building energy need; and
                  (C) enable building-level energy control;
          (2) developing data management capabilities and 
        standard communication protocols to further 
        interoperability at the building and grid-level;
          (3) developing advanced building-level energy 
        management of components through integration of smart 
        technologies, control systems, and data processing, to 
        enable energy efficiency and savings;
          (4) optimizing energy consumption at the building 
        level to enable grid stability and resilience;
          (5) improving visualization of behind the meter 
        equipment and technologies to provide better insight 
        into the energy needs and energy forecasts of 
        individual buildings;
          (6) reducing the cost of key components to accelerate 
        the adoption of smart building technologies;
          (7) protecting against cybersecurity threats and 
        addressing security vulnerabilities of building systems 
        or equipment; and
          (8) other areas determined appropriate by the 
        Secretary.
  (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
          (1) work with utility partners, building owners, 
        technology vendors, and building developers to test and 
        validate technologies and encourage the commercial 
        application of these technologies by building owners; 
        and
          (2) consider the specific challenges of enabling 
        greater interaction between components of--
                  (A) small- and medium-sized buildings and the 
                electric grid; and
                  (B) residential and commercial buildings and 
                the electric grid.
  (c) Buildings-to-grid Integration Report.--Not later than one 
year after the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and 
Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate a report on the results of a study that 
examines the research, development, and demonstration 
opportunities, challenges, and standards needed to enable 
components of commercial and residential buildings to serve as 
dynamic energy loads on and resources for the electric grid.
          (1) Report requirements.--The report shall include--
                  (A) an assessment of the technologies needed 
                to enable building components as dynamic loads 
                on and resources for the electric grid, 
                including how such technologies can be--
                          (i) incorporated into new commercial 
                        and residential buildings; and
                          (ii) retrofitted in older buildings;
                  (B) guidelines for the design of new 
                buildings and building components to enable 
                modern grid interactivity and improve energy 
                efficiency;
                  (C) an assessment of barriers to the adoption 
                by building owners of advanced technologies 
                enabling greater integration of building 
                components onto the electric grid; and
                  (D) an assessment of the feasibility of 
                adopting technologies developed under the 
                program established under subsection (a) at 
                Department facilities.
          (2) Recommendations.--As part of the report, the 
        Secretary shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the 
        research, development, and demonstration program to 
        enable components of commercial and residential 
        buildings to serve as dynamic energy loads on and 
        resources for the electric grid.
          (3) Updates.--The Secretary shall update the report 
        required under this section every 3 years for the 
        duration of the program under subsection (a) and shall 
        submit the updated report to the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
        the Senate.
  (d) Program Implementation.--In carrying out this section, 
the Secretary shall--
          (1) implement the recommendations from the report in 
        subsection (c);
          (2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at 
        the Department to achieve the goals established in this 
        section, including the Office of Electricity; and
          (3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE XIII--SMART GRID

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 1304. SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND 
                    DEMONSTRATION.

  (a) Power Grid Digital Information Technology.--The 
Secretary, in consultation with the Federal Energy Regulatory 
Commission and other appropriate agencies, electric utilities, 
the States, and other stakeholders, shall carry out a research, 
development, and demonstration program--
          (1) to develop advanced techniques for measuring peak 
        load reductions and energy-efficiency savings from 
        smart metering, demand response, distributed 
        generation, and electricity storage systems;
          (2) to investigate means for demand response, 
        distributed generation, and storage to provide 
        ancillary services;
          (3) to conduct research to advance the use of wide-
        area measurement and control networks, including data 
        mining, visualization, advanced computing, and secure 
        and dependable communications in a highly-distributed 
        environment;
          (4) to test new reliability technologies, including 
        those concerning communications network capabilities, 
        in a grid control room environment against a 
        representative set of local outage and wide area 
        blackout scenarios;
          (5) to identify communications network capacity 
        needed to implement advanced technologies.
          (6) to investigate the feasibility of a transition to 
        time-of-use and real-time electricity pricing;
          (7) to develop algorithms for use in electric 
        transmission system software applications;
          (8) to promote the use of underutilized electricity 
        generation capacity in any substitution of electricity 
        for liquid fuels in the transportation system of the 
        United States; and
          (9) in consultation with the Federal Energy 
        Regulatory Commission, to propose interconnection 
        protocols to enable electric utilities to access 
        electricity stored in vehicles to help meet peak demand 
        loads.
  (b) Smart Grid Regional Demonstration Initiative.--
          [(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        smart grid regional demonstration initiative (referred 
        to in this subsection as the ``Initiative'') composed 
        of demonstration projects specifically focused on 
        advanced technologies for use in power grid sensing, 
        communications, analysis, and power flow control. The 
        Secretary shall seek to leverage existing smart grid 
        deployments.]
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        smart grid regional demonstration initiative (referred 
        to in this subsection as the ``Initiative'') composed 
        of demonstration projects focused on cost-effective, 
        advanced technologies for use in power grid sensing, 
        communications, analysis, power flow control, 
        visualization, distribution automation, industrial 
        control systems, dynamic line rating systems, grid 
        redesign, and the integration of distributed energy 
        resources.
          (2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
                  (A) to demonstrate the potential benefits of 
                concentrated investments in advanced grid 
                technologies on a regional grid;
                  (B) to facilitate the commercial transition 
                from the current power transmission and 
                distribution system technologies to advanced 
                technologies;
                  (C) to facilitate the integration of advanced 
                technologies in existing electric networks to 
                improve system performance, power flow control, 
                and reliability;
                  (D) to demonstrate protocols and standards 
                that allow for the measurement and validation 
                of the energy savings and fossil fuel emission 
                reductions associated with the installation and 
                use of energy efficiency and demand response 
                technologies and practices; [and]
                  (E) to investigate differences in each region 
                and regulatory environment regarding best 
                practices in implementing smart grid 
                technologies[.]; and
                  (F) to encourage the commercial application 
                of advanced distribution automation 
                technologies that improve system resilience.
          (3) Demonstration projects.--
                  (A) In general.--In carrying out the 
                initiative, the Secretary shall provide 
                financial support to smart grid demonstration 
                projects in urban, suburban, tribal, and rural 
                areas, including areas where electric system 
                assets are controlled by nonprofit entities and 
                areas where electric system assets are 
                controlled by investor-owned utilities.
                  (B) Cooperation.--A demonstration project 
                under subparagraph (A) shall be carried out in 
                cooperation with the electric utility that owns 
                the grid facilities in the electricity control 
                area in which the demonstration project is 
                carried out.
                  (C) Federal share of cost of technology 
                investments.--The Secretary shall provide to an 
                electric utility described in subparagraph (B) 
                or to other parties financial assistance for 
                use in paying an amount equal to not more than 
                50 percent of the cost of qualifying advanced 
                grid technology investments made by the 
                electric utility or other party to carry out a 
                demonstration project.
                  (D) Ineligibility for grants.--No person or 
                entity participating in any demonstration 
                project conducted under this subsection shall 
                be eligible for grants under section 1306 for 
                otherwise qualifying investments made as part 
                of that demonstration project.
                  (E) Availability of data.--The Secretary 
                shall establish and maintain a smart grid 
                information clearinghouse in a timely manner 
                which will make data from smart grid 
                demonstration projects and other sources 
                available to the public. As a condition of 
                receiving financial assistance under this 
                subsection, a utility or other participant in a 
                smart grid demonstration project shall provide 
                such information as the Secretary may require 
                to become available through the smart grid 
                information clearinghouse in the form and 
                within the timeframes as directed by the 
                Secretary. The Secretary shall assure that 
                business proprietary information and individual 
                customer information is not included in the 
                information made available through the 
                clearinghouse.
                  (F) Open protocols and standards.--The 
                Secretary shall require as a condition of 
                receiving funding under this subsection that 
                demonstration projects utilize open protocols 
                and standards (including Internet-based 
                protocols and standards) if available and 
                appropriate.
  (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated--
          (1) to carry out subsection (a), such sums as are 
        necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012; 
        and
          (2) to carry out subsection (b), such sums as may be 
        necessary.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 1304A. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHITECTURE, AND 
                    CONTROLS.

  (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment 
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, 
the Secretary shall establish a program of research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application on 
electric grid modeling, sensing, visualization, architecture 
development, and advanced operation and controls.
  (b) Modeling Research and Development.--The Secretary shall 
support development of models of emerging technologies and 
systems to facilitate the secure and reliable design, planning, 
and operation of the electric grid for use by industry 
stakeholders. In particular, the Secretary shall support 
development of--
          (1) models to analyze and predict the effects of 
        adverse physical and cyber events on the electric grid;
          (2) coupled models of electrical, physical, and cyber 
        systems;
          (3) models of existing and emerging technologies 
        being deployed on the electric grid due to projected 
        changes in the electric generation mix and loads, for a 
        variety of regional characteristics; and
          (4) integrated models of the communications, 
        transmission, distribution, and other interdependent 
        systems for existing, new, and emerging technologies.
  (c) Situational Awareness Research and Development.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
        development of computational tools and technologies to 
        improve sensing, monitoring, and visualization of the 
        electric grid for real-time situational awareness and 
        decision support tools that enable improved operation 
        of the power system, including utility, non-utility, 
        and customer grid-connected assets, for use by industry 
        partners.
          (2) Data use.--In developing visualization 
        capabilities under this section, the Secretary shall 
        develop tools for industry stakeholders to use to 
        analyze data collected from advanced measurement and 
        monitoring technologies, including data from phasor 
        measurement units and advanced metering units.
          (3) Severe events.--The Secretary shall prioritize 
        enhancing cyber and physical situational awareness of 
        the electric grid during adverse manmade and naturally-
        occurring events.
  (d) Architecture.--The Secretary shall conduct research in 
collaboration with industry stakeholders to develop model grid 
architectures to assist with wide-area transmission and 
distribution planning that incorporate expected changes to the 
modern electric grid. In supporting the development of model 
grid architectures, the Secretary shall--
          (1) analyze a variety of grid architecture scenarios 
        that range from minor upgrades to existing transmission 
        grid infrastructure to scenarios that involve the 
        replacement of significant portions of existing 
        transmission grid infrastructure;
          (2) analyze the effects of the increasing 
        proliferation of renewable and other zero emissions 
        energy generation sources, increasing use of 
        distributed resources owned by non-utility entities, 
        and the use of digital and automated controls not 
        managed by grid operators;
          (3) include a variety of new and emerging 
        distribution grid technologies, including distributed 
        energy resources, electric vehicle charging stations, 
        distribution automation technologies, energy storage, 
        and renewable energy sources;
          (4) analyze the effects of local load balancing and 
        other forms of decentralized control;
          (5) analyze the effects of changes to grid 
        architectures resulting from modernizing electric grid 
        systems, including communications, controls, markets, 
        consumer choice, emergency response, electrification, 
        and cybersecurity concerns; and
          (6) develop integrated grid architectures that 
        incorporate system resilience for cyber, physical, and 
        communications systems.
  (e) Operation and Controls Research and Development.--The 
Secretary shall conduct research to develop improvements to the 
operation and controls of the electric grid, in coordination 
with industry partners. Such activities shall include--
          (1) a training facility or facilities to allow grid 
        operators to gain operational experience with advanced 
        grid control concepts and technologies;
          (2) development of cost-effective advanced operation 
        and control concepts and technologies, such as adaptive 
        islanding, dynamic line rating systems, power flow 
        controllers, network topology optimization, smart 
        circuit breakers, intelligent load shedding, and fault-
        tolerant control system architectures;
          (3) development of real-time control concepts using 
        artificial intelligence and machine learning for 
        improved electric grid resilience; and
          (4) utilization of advanced data analytics including 
        load forecasting, power flow modeling, equipment 
        failure prediction, resource optimization, risk 
        analysis, and decision analysis.
  (f) Interoperability Research and Development.--The Secretary 
shall conduct research and development on tools and 
technologies that improve the interoperability and 
compatibility of new and emerging components, technologies, and 
systems with existing electric grid infrastructure.
  (g) Computing Resources and Data Coordination Research and 
Development.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall--
          (1) leverage existing computing resources at the 
        National Laboratories;
          (2) develop voluntary standards for data taxonomies 
        and communication protocols in coordination with public 
        and private sector stakeholders; and
          (3) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  (h) Information Sharing.--None of the activities authorized 
in this section shall require private entities to share 
information or data with the Secretary.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 1310. GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

  (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment 
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, 
the Secretary shall establish a research, development, and 
demonstration program to enhance resilience and strengthen 
emergency response and management pertaining to the electric 
grid.
  (b) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible 
entities under subsection (c) on a competitive basis to conduct 
research and development with the purpose of improving the 
resilience and reliability of electric grid by--
          (1) developing methods to improve community and 
        governmental preparation for and emergency response to 
        large-area, long-duration electricity interruptions, 
        including through the use of energy efficiency, 
        storage, and distributed generation technologies;
          (2) developing tools to help utilities and 
        communities ensure the continuous delivery of 
        electricity to critical facilities;
          (3) developing tools to improve coordination between 
        utilities and relevant Federal agencies to enable 
        communication, information-sharing, and situational 
        awareness in the event of a physical or cyber attack on 
        the electric grid;
          (4) developing technologies and capabilities to 
        withstand and address the current and projected impact 
        of the changing climate on electric grid 
        infrastructure, including extreme weather events and 
        other natural disasters;
          (5) developing technologies capable of early 
        detection of deteriorating electrical equipment on the 
        transmission and distribution grid, including detection 
        of spark ignition from wildfires and risks of 
        vegetation contact; and
          (6) assessing upgrades and additions needed to 
        electric grid infrastructure due to projected changes 
        in the electricity generation mix and electricity 
        demand.
  (c) Eligible Entities.--The entities eligible to receive 
grants under this section include--
          (1) an institution of higher education;
          (2) a nonprofit organization;
          (3) a National Laboratory;
          (4) a unit of State, local, or tribal government;
          (5) an electric utility or electric cooperative;
          (6) a retail service provider of electricity;
          (7) a private commercial entity;
          (8) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more entities 
        described in subparagraphs (1) through (7).
  (d) Relevant Activities.--Grants awarded under subsection (b) 
shall include funding for research and development activities 
related to the purpose described in subsection (b), such as--
          (1) development of technologies to use distributed 
        energy resources, such as solar photovoltaics, energy 
        storage systems, electric vehicles, and microgrids to 
        improve grid and critical end-user resilience;
          (2) analysis of non-technical barriers to greater 
        integration and use of technologies on the distribution 
        grid;
          (3) analysis of past large-area, long-duration 
        electricity interruptions to identify common elements 
        and best practices for electricity restoration, 
        mitigation, and prevention of future disruptions;
          (4) development of advanced monitoring, analytics, 
        operation, and controls of electricity grid systems to 
        improve electric grid resilience;
          (5) analysis of technologies, methods, and concepts 
        that can improve community resilience and survivability 
        of frequent or long-duration power outages;
          (6) development of methodologies to maintain 
        cybersecurity during restoration of electric grid 
        infrastructure and operation;
          (7) development of advanced power flow control 
        systems and components to improve electric grid 
        resilience; and
          (8) any other relevant activities determined by the 
        Secretary.
  (e) Technical Assistance.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
        technical assistance to eligible entities for the 
        commercial application of technologies to improve the 
        resilience of the electric grid and commercial 
        application of technologies to help entities develop 
        plans for preventing and recovering from various power 
        outage scenarios at the local, regional, and State 
        level.
          (2) Technical assistance program.--The technical 
        assistance program established in paragraph (1) shall 
        include assistance to eligible entities for--
                  (A) the commercial application of 
                technologies developed from the grant program 
                established in subsection (b), including 
                municipal and cooperative utilities;
                  (B) the development of methods to strengthen 
                or otherwise mitigate adverse impacts on 
                electric grid infrastructure against natural 
                hazards;
                  (C) the use of Department data and modeling 
                tools for various purposes; and
                  (D) a resource assessment and analysis of 
                future demand and distribution requirements, 
                including development of advanced grid 
                architectures and risk analysis.
          (3) Eligible entities.--The entities eligible to 
        receive technical assistance for commercial application 
        of technologies under this section include--
                  (A) representatives of all sectors of the 
                electric power industry, including electric 
                utilities, trade organizations, and 
                transmission and distribution system 
                organizations, owners, and operators;
                  (B) State and local governments and 
                regulatory authorities, including public 
                utility commissions;
                  (C) tribal and Alaska Native governmental 
                entities;
                  (D) partnerships among entities under 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C);
                  (E) regional partnerships; and
                  (F) any other entities the Secretary deems 
                appropriate.
          (4) Authority.--Nothing in this section shall 
        authorize the Secretary to require any entity to adopt 
        any model, tool, technology, plan, analysis, or 
        assessment.
  (f) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
Research and Development Act of 2019.

SEC. 1311. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS.

  (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment 
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, 
the Secretary shall establish a research, development, and 
demonstration program to develop cost-effective hybrid energy 
systems, including--
          (1) development of computer modeling to design 
        different configurations of hybrid energy systems and 
        to optimize system operation;
          (2) research on system integration needed to plan, 
        design, build, and operate hybrid energy systems, 
        including interconnection requirements with the 
        electric grid;
          (3) development of hybrid energy systems for various 
        applications, including--
                  (A) thermal energy generation and storage for 
                buildings and manufacturing;
                  (B) electricity storage coupled with energy 
                generation;
                  (C) desalination;
                  (D) production of liquid and gaseous fuels; 
                and
                  (E) production of chemicals such as ammonia 
                and ethylene;
          (4) development of testing facilities for hybrid 
        energy systems; and
          (5) research on incorporation of various technologies 
        for hybrid energy systems, including nuclear energy, 
        renewable energy, storage, and carbon capture, 
        utilization, and sequestration technologies.
  (b) Strategic Plan.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and 
        Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to 
        the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
        House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
        and Natural Resources of the Senate a strategic plan 
        that identifies opportunities, challenges, and 
        standards needed for the development and commercial 
        application of hybrid energy systems. The strategic 
        plan shall include--
                  (A) analysis of the potential benefits of 
                development of hybrid electric systems on the 
                electric grid;
                  (B) analysis of the potential contributions 
                of hybrid energy systems to different grid 
                architecture scenarios;
                  (C) research and development goals for 
                various hybrid energy systems, including those 
                identified in subsection (b);
                  (D) assessment of policy and market barriers 
                to the adoption of hybrid energy systems;
                  (E) analysis of the technical and economic 
                feasibility of adoption of different hybrid 
                energy systems; and
                  (F) a 10-year roadmap to guide the program 
                established under subsection (a).
          (2) Updates.--Not less than once every 3 years for 
        the duration of this research program, the Secretary 
        shall submit an updated version of the strategic plan 
        to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
        Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.
  (c) Program Implementation.--In carrying out the research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application aims of 
section, the Secretary shall--
          (1) implement the recommendations set forth in the 
        strategic plan in subsection (b);
          (2) coordinate across all relevant program offices at 
        the Department, including--
                  (A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
                Renewable Energy;
                  (B) the Office of Nuclear Energy; and
                  (C) the Office of Fossil Energy;
          (3) leverage existing programs and resources of the 
        Department;
          (4) prioritize activities that accelerate the 
        development of integrated electricity generation, 
        storage, and distribution systems with net zero 
        greenhouse gas emissions; and
          (5) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  (d) Hybrid Energy System Defined.--The term ``hybrid energy 
system'' means a system composed of 2 or more co-located or 
jointly operated sub-systems of energy generation, energy 
storage, or other energy technologies.

SEC. 1312. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE.

  (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment 
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, 
the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee (to be 
known as the ``Industry Alliance'') to advise the Secretary on 
the authorization of research, development, and demonstration 
projects under sections 1304 and 1304a.
  (b) Membership.--The Industry Alliance shall be composed of 
members selected by the Secretary that, as a group, are broadly 
representative of United States electric grid research, 
development, infrastructure, operations, and manufacturing 
expertise.
  (c) Responsibility.--The Secretary shall annually solicit 
from the Industry Alliance--
          (1) comments to identify grid modernization 
        technology needs;
          (2) an assessment of the progress of the research 
        activities on grid modernization; and
          (3) assistance in annually updating grid 
        modernization technology roadmaps.

SEC. 1313. DEFINITIONS.

  In this title, the following definitions apply:
          (1) Critical facility.--The term ``critical 
        facility'' means a manmade structure that the Secretary 
        determines vital to socioeconomic activities such that, 
        if destroyed or damaged, such destruction or damage 
        could cause substantial disruption to such 
        socioeconomic activities.
          (2) Distribution automation.--The term ``distribution 
        automation'' means systems and technologies that exert 
        intelligent control over electrical grid functions at 
        the distribution level.
          (3) Resilience.--The term ``resilience'' means the 
        ability to withstand and reduce the magnitude or 
        duration of disruptive events, which includes the 
        capability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, or rapidly 
        recover from such an event, including from deliberate 
        attacks, accidents, and naturally occurring threats or 
        incidents.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              


                       ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Energy 
Policy Act of 2005''.
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is 
as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
     * * * * * * *

                   TITLE IX--RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

     * * * * * * *

                      Subtitle C--Renewable Energy

     * * * * * * *
Sec. 936. Research and development into integrating renewable energy 
          onto the electric grid.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


TITLE IX--RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


Subtitle B--Distributed Energy and Electric Energy Systems

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 925. ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS.

  (a) Program.--The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive 
research, development, and demonstration program to ensure the 
reliability, efficiency, and environmental integrity of 
electrical transmission and distribution systems, which shall 
include--
          (1) advanced energy delivery technologies, energy 
        storage technologies, materials, and systems, giving 
        priority to new transmission technologies, including 
        composite conductor materials and other technologies 
        that enhance reliability, operational flexibility, or 
        power-carrying capability;
          (2) advanced grid reliability and efficiency 
        technology development;
          (3) technologies contributing to significant load 
        reductions;
          (4) advanced metering, load management, and control 
        technologies;
          (5) technologies to enhance existing grid components;
          (6) the development and use of high-temperature 
        superconductors to--
                  (A) enhance the reliability, operational 
                flexibility, or power-carrying capability of 
                electric transmission or distribution systems; 
                or
                  (B) increase the efficiency of electric 
                energy generation, transmission, distribution, 
                or storage systems;
          (7) integration of power systems, including systems 
        to deliver high-quality electric power, electric power 
        reliability, and combined heat and power;
          (8) supply of electricity to the power grid by small 
        scale, distributed and residential-based power 
        generators;
          (9) the development and use of advanced grid design, 
        operation, and planning tools;
          (10) the development of cost-effective technologies 
        that enable two-way information and power flow between 
        distributed energy resources and the electric grid;
          (11) the development of technologies and concepts 
        that enable interoperability between distributed energy 
        resources and other behind-the-meter devices and the 
        electric grid;
          [(10)] (12) any other infrastructure technologies, as 
        appropriate; and
          [(11)] (13) technology transfer and education.
  (b) Program Plan.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in 
        consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies, 
        shall prepare and submit to Congress a 5-year program 
        plan to guide activities under this section.
          (2) Consultation.--In preparing the program plan, the 
        Secretary shall consult with--
                  (A) utilities;
                  (B) energy service providers;
                  (C) manufacturers;
                  (D) institutions of higher education;
                  (E) other appropriate State and local 
                agencies;
                  (F) environmental organizations;
                  (G) professional and technical societies; and
                  (H) any other persons the Secretary considers 
                appropriate.
  (c) Implementation.--The Secretary shall consider 
implementing the program under this section using a consortium 
of participants from industry, institutions of higher 
education, and National Laboratories.
  (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the submission of 
the plan under subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to 
Congress a report--
          (1) describing the progress made under this section; 
        and
          (2) identifying any additional resources needed to 
        continue the development and commercial application of 
        transmission and distribution of infrastructure 
        technologies.
  (e) Power Delivery Research Initiative.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        research, development, and demonstration initiative 
        specifically focused on power delivery using components 
        incorporating high temperature superconductivity.
          (2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
                  (A) to establish world-class facilities to 
                develop high temperature superconductivity 
                power applications in partnership with 
                manufacturers and utilities;
                  (B) to provide technical leadership for 
                establishing reliability for high temperature 
                superconductivity power applications, including 
                suitable modeling and analysis;
                  (C) to facilitate the commercial transition 
                toward direct current power transmission, 
                storage, and use for high power systems using 
                high temperature superconductivity; and
                  (D) to facilitate the integration of very low 
                impedance high temperature superconducting 
                wires and cables in existing electric networks 
                to improve system performance, power flow 
                control, and reliability.
          (3) Inclusions.--The Initiative shall include--
                  (A) feasibility analysis, planning, research, 
                and design to construct demonstrations of 
                superconducting links in high power, direct 
                current, and controllable alternating current 
                transmission systems;
                  (B) public-private partnerships to 
                demonstrate deployment of high temperature 
                superconducting cable into testbeds simulating 
                a realistic transmission grid and under varying 
                transmission conditions, including actual grid 
                insertions; and
                  (C) testbeds developed in cooperation with 
                National Laboratories, industries, and 
                institutions of higher education to--
                          (i) demonstrate those technologies;
                          (ii) prepare the technologies for 
                        commercial introduction; and
                          (iii) address cost or performance 
                        roadblocks to successful commercial 
                        use.
  (f) Transmission and Distribution Grid Planning and 
Operations Initiative.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        research, development, and demonstration initiative 
        specifically focused on tools needed to plan, operate, 
        and expand the transmission and distribution grids in 
        the presence of competitive market mechanisms for 
        energy, load demand, customer response, and ancillary 
        services.
          (2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
                  (A)(i) to develop and use a geographically 
                distributed center, consisting of institutions 
                of higher education, and National Laboratories, 
                with expertise and facilities to develop the 
                underlying theory and software for power system 
                application; and
                  (ii) to ensure commercial development in 
                partnership with software vendors and 
                utilities;
                  (B) to provide technical leadership in 
                engineering and economic analysis for the 
                reliability and efficiency of power systems 
                planning and operations in the presence of 
                competitive markets for electricity;
                  (C) to model, simulate, and experiment with 
                new market mechanisms and operating practices 
                to understand and optimize those new methods 
                before actual use; and
                  (D) to provide technical support and 
                technology transfer to electric utilities and 
                other participants in the domestic electric 
                industry and marketplace.
  (g) High-voltage Transmission Lines.--As part of the program 
described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall award a grant 
to a university research program to design and test, in 
consultation with the Tennessee Valley Authority, state-of-the-
art optimization techniques for power flow through existing 
high voltage transmission lines.

Subtitle C--Renewable Energy

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *


SEC. 936. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY 
                    ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.

  (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment 
of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, 
the Secretary shall establish a research, development, and 
demonstration program on technologies that enable integration 
of renewable energy generation sources onto the electric grid 
across multiple program offices of the Department. The program 
shall include--
          (1) forecasting for predicting generation from 
        variable renewable energy sources;
          (2) development of cost-effective low-loss, long-
        distance transmission lines; and
          (3) development of cost-effective advanced 
        technologies for variable renewable generation sources 
        to provide grid services.
  (b) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the 
Secretary shall--
          (1) coordinate across all relevant program offices at 
        the Department to achieve the goals established in this 
        section, including the Office of Electricity; and
          (2) comply with section 8 of the Grid Modernization 
        Research and Development Act of 2019.
  (c) Adoption of Technologies.--In carrying out this section, 
the Secretary shall consider barriers to adoption and 
commercial application of technologies that enable integration 
of renewable energy sources onto the electric grid, including 
cost and other economic barriers, and shall coordinate with 
relevant entities to reduce these barriers.

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