[Senate Report 114-271]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Calendar No. 507
114th Congress } { Report
SENATE
2d Session } { 114-271
_______________________________________________________________________
PRESIDENTIAL ALLOWANCE MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2016
__________
R E P O R T
of the
COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND
GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
UNITED STATES SENATE
to accompany
S. 1411
TO AMEND THE ACT OF AUGUST 25, 1958, COMMONLY KNOWN
AS THE ``FORMER PRESIDENTS ACT OF 1958'', WITH RESPECT TO
THE MONETARY ALLOWANCE PAYABLE TO A FORMER PRESIDENT, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
June 7, 2016.--Ordered to be printed
_________
U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 2016
COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin, Chairman
JOHN McCAIN, Arizona THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware
ROB PORTMAN, Ohio CLAIRE McCASKILL, Missouri
RAND PAUL, Kentucky JON TESTER, Montana
JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming HEIDI HEITKAMP, North Dakota
KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire CORY A. BOOKER, New Jersey
JONI ERNST, Iowa GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
BEN SASSE, Nebraska
Christopher R. Hixon, Staff Director
Gabrielle D'Adamo Singer, Chief Counsel
Patrick J. Bailey, Chief Counsel for Governmental Affairs
Gabrielle A. Batkin, Minority Staff Director
John P. Kilvington, Minority Deputy Staff Director
Mary Beth Schultz, Minority Chief Counsel
Katherine C. Sybenga, Minority Chief Counsel for Governmental Affairs
Laura W. Kilbride, Chief Clerk
Calendar No. 507
114th Congress } { Report
SENATE
2d Session } { 114-271
======================================================================
PRESIDENTIAL ALLOWANCE MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2016
_______
June 7, 2016.--Ordered to be printed
_______
Mr. Johnson, from the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
Affairs, submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany S. 1411]
The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
Affairs, to which was referred the bill (S. 1411) to amend the
Act of August 25, 1958, commonly known as the ``Former
Presidents Act of 1958'', with respect to the monetary
allowance payable to a former President, and for other
purposes, reports favorably thereon with an amendment in the
nature of a substitute and recommends that the bill, as
amended, do pass.
CONTENTS
Page
I. Purpose and Summary.............................................1
II. Background and Need for Legislation.............................2
III. Legislative History.............................................3
IV. Section-by-Section Analysis.....................................4
V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact.................................4
VI. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate.......................5
VII. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported...........7
I. Purpose and Summary
S. 1411, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of
2016, amends the Former Presidents Act of 1958 (FPA) to
modernize the monetary allowances and pensions payable to
former presidents. Specifically, it revises provisions relating
to presidential pensions to allow a former President an annuity
of $200,000 and additional monetary allowance of $200,000 per
year for office space and staff to conduct his or her duties as
a former president. It also reduces such monetary allowance by
the amount that a former president's adjusted gross income in a
taxable year exceeds $400,000.
This bill would also clarify that a widow or widower of a
former president is eligible for a survivor's annuity and
increases that annual annuity from $20,000 to $100,000.
II. Background and Need for Legislation
Prior to 1958, former presidents did not receive a pension
or any other financial assistance from the Federal
Government.\1\ While some former presidents returned to
comfortable lives after leaving office, others, like President
Harry S. Truman, struggled financially.\2\ The FPA was enacted
in 1958 to provide former United States presidents with ``a
pension, support staff, office support, travel funds, and
mailing privileges'' after they leave office.\3\ The FPA was
intended to ``maintain the dignity'' of the Office of the
President.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Wendy Ginsberg & Daniel J. Richardson, Cong. Research Serv.
RL34631, Former Presidents: Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other
Federal Benefits 1 (March 2016) [hereinafter Cong. Research Serv.,
March 2016 Report].
\2\Id.
\3\Id.; 3 U.S.C. Sec. 102, note.
\4\S. Rep. No. 85-47, at 2 (1957).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under the FPA, as amended, a former president receives a
pension that is equal to the annual pay of the head of an
Executive department.\5\ This amount was $203,700 in 2015 and
increased to $205,700 in 2016.\6\ Additionally, the FPA
provides an annual pension of $20,000 to the widow of a former
president.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\3 U.S.C. 102, note, Former Presidents; Allowance; Selection,
Compensation, and Status of Office Staff; Office Space; Widow's
Allowance, Termination; ``Former President'' Defined (a).
\6\Cong. Research Serv., March 2016 Report at 3.
\7\3 U.S.C. Sec. 102, note, Former Presidents; Allowance;
Selection, Compensation, and Status of Office Staff; Office Space;
Widow's Allowance, Termination; ``Former President'' Defined (e).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition to the Federal pension, the FPA requires
Congress to appropriate funds, and the General Services
Administration (GSA) to provide funds to former presidents to
cover their staffing and office needs.\8\ The statutory
obligation arises from Congress's recognition that former
presidents should have funding to continue their required
official business as former presidents.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\3 U.S.C. Sec. 102, note, Former Presidents; Allowance;
Selection, Compensation, and Status of Office Staff; Office Space;
Widow's Allowance, Termination; ``Former President'' Defined (b), (c),
and (g).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In fiscal year (FY) 2015, Congress appropriated $3.25
million to GSA to cover the annual allowance for the four
living former Presidents, as well as former First Lady Nancy
Reagan.\9\ Of that total appropriation, $1.182 million went
toward office space rentals, including $429,000 in rent for
former President Bill Clinton and $434,000 for former President
George W. Bush.\10\ According to GSA, annual non-security, non-
pension costs for all of the benefits provided to former
presidents totaled over $2.4 million in FY 2015.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\Cong. Research Serv., March 2016 Report at 7-8. Mrs. Nancy
Reagan waived the widow's pension upon her husband's death, pursuant to
P.L. 85-745; however she received $6,000 towards franking privileges.
Id. at 8.
\10\Cong. Research Serv., March 2016 Report at 5.
\11\Id. at 5.
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In addition to the FPA, the Presidential Transition Act
provides an outgoing president with seven months of
``transition'' services, and Federal law requires that former
presidents and their spouses (and children under the age of 16)
receive lifetime Secret Service protection.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\3 U.S.C. Sec. 102, note; Cong. Research Serv., March 2016
Report at 1-2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Press reports indicate that former presidents have earned
millions of dollars in speaking fees and book deals after
leaving office.\13\ The two most recent former presidents,
President Clinton and President George W. Bush, have reportedly
earned millions since leaving office, with President Clinton
earning more than $100 million between 2001 and 2013,\14\ and
President George W. Bush earning at least $15 million for paid
speeches since leaving office in 2009.\15\ In addition to
speaking fees, both former Presidents have reportedly benefited
from book deals: President Clinton received a $15 million
advance for his memoir in 2004\16\ and President George W. Bush
was paid $7 million for his memoir.\17\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\* * *
\14\Philip Rucker, Tom Hamburger, & Alexander Becker, How the
Clintons went from `dead broke' to rich: Bill earned $104.9 million for
speeches, The Washington Post (June 26, 2014), https://
www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-clintons-went-from-dead-broke-
to-rich-bill-earned-1049-million-for-speeches/2014/06/26/8fa0b372-fd3a-
11e3-8176-f2c941cf35f1_story.html.
\15\Jennifer Epstein, George W. Bush Made $15M on Speaking Circuit,
Politico (May 21, 2011), http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/
55372.html.
\16\Mike McIntire, Clintons Made $109 Million in Last 8 Years, The
New York Times (April 5, 2008), http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/05/us/
politics/05clintons.html.
\17\Lynn Sherr, George W. Bush Lands $7 Million Book Deal, The
Daily Beast (March 19, 2009), http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/
2009/03/19/george-w-bush-lands-7-million-book-deal.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
S. 1411 would set the annual pension for a former president
at $200,000, adjusted for inflation going forward. In addition,
the legislation would set the annual allowance for office
expenses at $200,000. This amount would be reduced by one
dollar for every dollar a former President earns above
$400,000. These amounts are subject to cost-of-living increases
as provided for in the Social Security Act.
S. 1411 also increases the pension provided to a widow or
widower of a former president--an amount that has gone
unchanged since the original legislation was enacted in 1958--
increasing the annual annuity from $20,000 to $100,000.
The Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2016
ensures that the Secret Service will work with GSA to determine
the amount of the allowance that is needed to pay for the
increased cost of doing business that is attributable to the
security needs of the former president. Finally, S. 1411, as
amended, would ensure that former presidents do not have to
break existing lease agreements because of the reduction in
benefits provided for in the legislation.
III. Legislative History
S. 1411, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of
2016, was introduced on May 21, 2015, by Senator Joni Ernst.
Senators Mark Kirk and Marco Rubio cosponsored the bill. The
bill was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and
Governmental Affairs.
The Committee considered S. 1411 at a business meeting on
February 10, 2016. During the business meeting, a substitute
amendment by Senator Ernst was offered and adopted. Both the
amendment and the legislation as modified were passed by voice
vote with Senators Johnson, McCain, Portman, Paul, Lankford,
Ayotte, Ernst, Sasse, Carper, McCaskill, Tester, Baldwin,
Heitkamp, Booker, and Peters present.
IV. Section-by-Section Analysis of the Bill, as Reported
Section 1. Short title
This section establishes the short title of the bill as the
``Presidential Allowance Modernization Act.''
Section 2. Amendments
This section sets the former presidential pension at
$200,000 per year, plus the annual Social Security cost-of-
living adjustment, and an additional monetary allowance of
$200,000 per year. A former president is not eligible to
collect the pension and allowance when serving in an appointive
or elective office in the federal government.
The amount of the allowance would be reduced one dollar for
every dollar a former president earns above $400,000 per year.
It sets disclosure requirements to ensure the privacy of former
presidents. It ensures that the Secret Service is consulted on
security costs to determine the amount of the monetary
allowance that is necessary to pay the increased cost of doing
business that is attributable to the security needs of the
former president.
This section also increases the pension for the surviving
spouse of a former president from $20,000 a year to $100,000
annually, taking into account annual cost-of-living increases
equal to those provided under the Social Security Act and
includes a technical correction to make the recipient of such
pension gender neutral.
Section 3. Rule of construction
This section clarifies and affirms that nothing in the
legislation alters the funding of the security or protection of
a former president.
Section 4. Transition rules
This section sets rules for implementing this legislation
with respect to currently qualifying former presidents and
their widows or widowers.
Section 5. Applicability
This section makes clear that the new reduction in monetary
allowance should not apply to current former presidents in such
a way as to make the former president break or have trouble
paying a current lease.
V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact
Pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 11(b) of rule
XXVI of the Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee has
considered the regulatory impact of this bill and determined
that the bill will have no regulatory impact within the meaning
of the rules. The Committee agrees with the Congressional
Budget Office's statement that the bill contains no
intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs
on state, local, or tribal governments.
VI. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate
U.S. Congress,
Congressional Budget Office,
Washington, DC, March 10, 2016.
Hon. Ron Johnson, Chairman,
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for S. 1411, the
Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2015.
If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Dan Ready.
Sincerely,
Keith Hall.
Enclosure.
S. 1411--Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2015
Summary: S. 1411 would decrease the pensions of former
Presidents, increase the pensions of surviving spouses of
former Presidents, and limit the allowances provided to each
former President for staff, office space, and other related
expenses.
CBO estimates that implementing the legislation would
reduce outlays by $11 million over the 2017-2021 period,
assuming that appropriations are reduced by those amounts.
Because enacting S. 1411 would not affect direct spending or
revenues, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.
CBO estimates that enacting S. 1411 would not increase net
direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four
consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2027.
S. 1411 contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would not affect
the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments.
S. 1411 would impose a private-sector mandate, as defined
in UMRA, by decreasing the pensions of former Presidents. The
cost of complying with the mandate would be the total decrease
in pension income earned by former Presidents (who left office
before enactment of this bill) and would fall well below the
annual threshold established in UMRA for private-sector
mandates ($154 million in 2016, adjusted annually for
inflation).
Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated
budgetary effect of S. 1411 is shown in the following table.
The savings fall in budget function 800 (general government).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By fiscal year, in millions of dollars--
-------------------------------------------------------
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017-2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHANGES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION
Estimated Authorization Level........................... -2 -3 -3 -3 -3 -13
Estimated Outlays....................................... -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -11
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Components may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Basis of estimate: Assuming S. 1411 will be enacted near
the beginning of fiscal year 2017, CBO estimates that the
legislation would save $11 million over the 2017-2021 period.
Those savings arise from changes to Presidential pensions and
allowances afforded to former Presidents.
Presidential pensions
Under the bill, the annual pensions provided to former
Presidents would initially drop by about $6,000 to $200,000,
while a surviving spouse's pension would increase from $20,000
to $100,000. Both of those annual amounts would be indexed to
inflation. Assuming that the four former Presidents currently
collecting a pension continue to do so and that President Obama
would begin collecting a pension early in calendar year 2017,
the bill's provisions affecting such benefits would result in a
savings totaling less than $200,000 over the next five years,
CBO estimates. (Currently, there are no surviving spouses of
deceased former Presidents.)
Allowances for former Presidents
In 2016, $2.4 million was appropriated for allowances to
former Presidents--an average of $600,000 per President. Such
allowances are used to cover costs for offices, staff,
supplies, and other services intended to help former Presidents
perform duties related to their unofficial public status. S.
1411 would reduce that amount to a maximum of $200,000 per
President, indexed to inflation. Allowances would decrease by
$1 for every dollar over $400,000 a former President earned in
the previous year, also indexed to inflation.
On the basis of publicly available information about the
income of former Presidents in recent years, CBO expects that
at least two former Presidents would earn enough that they
would not be eligible for an allowance beginning in 2017. As a
result, assuming appropriations are reduced by the necessary
amounts each year and accounting for the retirement of
President Obama (which affects part of the fiscal year),
implementing the bill would save $1.8 million in 2017. The
savings would grow to $2.2 million in 2018 when President Obama
will have been retired for a full fiscal year, and would total
$11 million over the 2017-2021 period. (If the President
elected in 2016 leaves office on January 20, 2021, the savings
would be slightly greater that year.)
Pay-As-You-Go considerations: None.
Estimated impact on state, local, and tribal governments:
S. 1411 contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined in
UMRA and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or
tribal governments.
Estimated impact on the private sector: S. 1411 would
impose a private-sector mandate, as defined in UMRA, by
decreasing the pensions of former Presidents. Under current
law, former Presidents receive an annual pension equal to the
rate of basic pay for Cabinet Secretaries, which is about
$206,000 for calendar year 2016. The bill would reduce an
earned benefit of former Presidents by decreasing their federal
pension to $200,000 per year, indexed to inflation. The cost of
this mandate would be the total decrease in pension income
earned by the former Presidents (who left office before
enactment of this bill) and would fall well below the annual
threshold established in UMRA for private-sector mandates ($154
million in 2016, adjusted annually for inflation).
Increase in long-term direct spending and deficits: CBO
estimates that enacting S. 1411 would not increase net direct
spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive
10-year periods beginning in 2027.
Previous CBO estimate: On June 22, 2015, CBO transmitted an
estimate for H.R. 1777, the Presidential Allowance
Modernization Act of 2015, as ordered reported by the House
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on May 19, 2015.
The two pieces of legislation are similar and CBO's estimates
of the budgetary effects of the two are also similar.
Estimate prepared by: Federal Costs: Dan Ready; Impact on
State, Local, and Tribal Governments: Jon Sperl; Impact on the
Private Sector: Paige Piper/Bach.
Estimate approved by: H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Assistant
Director for Budget Analysis.
VII. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported
In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows: (existing law
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in brackets, new matter is
printed in italic, and existing law in which no change is
proposed is shown in roman):
FORMER PRESIDENTS ACT OF 1958
* * * * * * *
SEC. 102. COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT
[(a) Each former President shall be entitled for the
remainder of his life to receive from the United States a
monetary allowance at a rate per annum, payable monthly by the
Secretary of the Treasury, which is equal to the annual rate of
basic pay, as in effect from time to time, of the head of an
executive department, as defined in section 101 of title 5,
United States Code. However, such allowance shall not be paid
for any period during which such former President holds an
appointive or elective office or position in or under the
Federal Government or the government of the District of
Columbia to which is attached a rate of pay other than a
nominal rate.
[(b) The Administrator of General Services shall, without
regard to the civil-service and classification laws, provide
for each former President an office staff. Persons employed
under this subsection shall be selected by the former President
and shall be responsible only to him for the performance of
their duties. Each former President shall fix basic rates of
compensation for persons employed for him under this paragraph
which in the aggregate shall not exceed $96,000 per annum
except that for the first 30-month period during which a former
President is entitled to staff assistance under this
subsection, such rates of compensation in the aggregate shall
not exceed $150,000 per annum. The annual rate of compensation
payable to any such person shall not exceed the highest annual
rate of basic pay now or hereafter provided by law for
positions at level II of the Executive Schedule under section
5313 of title 5, United States Code. Amounts provided for
`Allowances and Office Staff for Former Presidents' may be used
to pay fees of an independent contractor who is not a member of
the staff of the office of a former President for the review of
Presidential records of a former President in connection with
the transfer of such records to the National Archives and
Records Administration or a Presidential Library without regard
to the limitation on staff compensation set forth herein.
[(c) The Administrator of General Services shall furnish for
each former President suitable office space appropriately
furnished and equipped, as determined by the Administrator, at
such place within the United States as the former President
shall specify.
[(d) [Repealed. Pub. L. 86-682, Sec. 12(c), Sept. 2, 1960, 74
Stat. 730. See sections 3214 and 3216 of title 39.]]
(a) In General.--Each former President shall be entitled for
the remainder of his or her life to receive from the United
States--
(1) an annuity at the rate of $200,000 per year,
subject to subsection (c); and
(2) a monetary allowance at the rate of $200,000 per
year, subject to subsections (c) and (d).
(b) Duration; Frequency.--
(1) In general.--The annuity and allowance under
subsection (a) shall each--
(A) commence on the day after the date on
which an individual becomes a former President;
(B) terminate on the date on which the former
President dies; and
(C) be payable by the Secretary of the
Treasury on a monthly basis.
(2) Appointee of elective positions.--The annuity and
allowance under subsection (a) shall not be payable for
any period during which a former President holds an
appointive or elective position in or under the Federal
Government to which is attached a rate of pay other
than a nominal rate.
(c) Cost-of-Living Increases.--Effective December 1 of each
year; each annuity and allowance under subsection (a) that
commenced before that date shall be increased by the same
percentage by which benefit amounts under title II of the
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) are increased,
effective as of that date, as a result of a determination under
section 215(i) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 415(i)).
(d) Limitation on Monetary Allowance.--
(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision
in this section, the monetary allowance payable under
subsection (a)(2) to a former President for any 12-
month period--
(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B),
may not exceed the amount by which--
(i) the monetary allowance that (but
for this subsection) would otherwise be
so payable for such 12-month period;
exceeds (if at all)
(ii) the applicable reduction amount
for such 12-month period; and
(B) shall not be less than the amount
determined under paragraph (4).
(2) Definition.--
(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph
(1), the term `applicable reduction amount'
means, with respect to any former President and
in connection with any 12-month period, the
amount by which--
(i) the sum of--
(I) the adjusted gross income
(as defined in section 62 of
the Internal Revenue Code of
1986) of the former President
for the most recent taxable
year for which a tax return is
available; and
(II) any interest excluded
from the gross income of the
former President under section
103 of such Code for such
taxable year, exceeds (if at
all)
(ii) $400,000, subject to subparagraph
(C).
(B) Joint returns.--In the case of a joint
return, subclauses (I) and (II) of subparagraph
(A)(i) shall be applied by taking into account
both the amounts properly allocable to the
former President and the amounts properly
allocable to the spouse of the former
President.
(C) Cost-of-living increases.--The dollar
amount specified in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall
be adjusted at the same time that, and by the
same percentage by which, the monetary
allowance of the former President is increased
under subsection (c) (disregarding this
subsection).
(3) Disclosure requirement.--
(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph--
(i) the terms `return' and `return
information' have the meanings given
those terms in section 6103(b) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
(ii) the term `Secretary' means the
Secretary of the Treasury or the
Secretary of the Treasury's delegate.
(B) Requirement.--A former President may not
receive a monetary allowance under subsection
(a)(2) unless the former President discloses to
the Secretary, upon the request of the
Secretary, any return or return information of
the former President or spouse of the former
President that the Secretary determines is
necessary for the purpose of calculating the
applicable reduction amount under paragraph (2)
of this subsection.
(C) Confidentiality.--Except as provided in
section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 and notwithstanding any other provision of
law, the Secretary may not, with respect to a
return or return information disclosed to the
Secretary under subparagraph (B)--
(i) disclose the return or return
information to any entity or person; or
(ii) use the return or return
information for any purpose other than
to calculate the applicable reduction
amount under paragraph (2).
(4) Increased costs due to security needs.--With
respect to the monetary allowance that would be payable
to a former President under subsection (a)(2) for any
12-month period but for the limitation under paragraph
(1), the Administrator of General Services, in
coordination with the Director of the United States
Secret Service, shall determine the amount of the
allowance that is needed to pay the increased cost of
doing business that is attributable to the security
needs of the former President.
(e) Widows and Widowers.--The [widow] widow or widower of
each former President shall be entitled to receive from the
United States a monetary allowance at a rate of $20,000 per
annum, payable monthly by the Secretary of the Treasury, if
such [widow] widow or widower shall waive the right to each
other annuity or pension to which [she] she or he is entitled
under any other Act of Congress. The monetary allowance of such
[widow] widow or widower--
* * * * * * *
(f) Definition.--As used in this section, the term `former
President' means a person--
(1) * * *
(2) * * *
(3) * * *
(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to
be appropriated to the Administrator of General Services up to
$1,000,000 for each former President and up to $500,000 for the
spouse of each former President each fiscal year for security
and travel related expenses: Provided, That under the
provisions set forth in section 3056, paragraph (a),
subparagraph (3) of title 18, United States Code, the former
President and/or spouse was not receiving protection for a
lifetime provided by the United States Secret Service under
section 3056 paragraph (a) subparagraph (3) of title 18, United
States Code; the protection provided by the United States
Secret Service expired at its designated time; or the
protection provided by the United States Secret Service was
declined prior to authorized expiration in lieu of these funds.