[Senate Report 113-286]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Calendar No. 625
113th Congress Report
SENATE
2d Session 113-286
======================================================================
SENATOR PAUL SIMON WATER FOR
THE WORLD ACT OF 2014
_______
December 8, 2014.--Ordered to be printed
Mr. Menendez, from the Committee on Foreign Relations,
submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany S. 2946]
The Committee on Foreign Relations, having had under
consideration the bill S. 2946, to provide improved water,
sanitation, and hygiene programs for high priority developing
countries, and for other purposes, reports favorably thereon,
with an amendment, and recommends that the bill, as amended, do
pass.
CONTENTS
Page
I. Purpose..........................................................1
II. Committee Action.................................................2
III. Background.......................................................2
IV. Discussion.......................................................2
V. Cost Estimate....................................................5
VI. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact..................................5
VII. Changes in Existing Law..........................................5
I. Purpose
The purpose of S. 2946 as amended is to provide improved
water, sanitation, and hygiene programs for high priority
developing countries by improving and refining existing
policies with respect to the allocation of Water, Sanitation,
and Hygiene (WASH) assistance to countries most in need. S.
2946 adds hygiene as one of the principal priorities of United
States safe water projects. S. 2946 also provides for the
appointment of a USAID Global Water Coordinator and Department
of State Special Coordinator for Water Resources to ensure WASH
policies remain a foreign assistance priority. S. 2946
establishes criteria for the allocation of WASH foreign
assistance funds to be distributed to developing countries most
in need of WASH improvements. S. 2946 also directs the State
Department and USAID to develop and submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a government-wide Global Water
Strategy no later than October 1, 2017, and every five years
thereafter. S. 2946 mandates that the Global Water Strategy
detail how the United States intends to increase safe water
access in developing countries, manage water resources to
reduce conflict over water scarcity, and best allocate funds to
high priority developing countries and countries most in need
of WASH improvements.
II. Committee Action
S. 2946 was introduced on November 19, 2014, by Senators
Durbin, Corker, Coons, and Flake. On December 4, 2014, the
committee considered S. 2946 and ordered it reported favorably
by voice vote, with an amendment.
The committee took the following action with regard to
amendments:
A proposed amendment from Senator John Barrasso and a
second-degree amendment proposed by Senator Richard Durbin were
accepted by voice vote.
III. Background
On December 1, 2005, the Senator Paul Simon Water for the
Poor Act was enacted into law, making the effort to meet key
water and sanitation targets a major goal of U.S. foreign
assistance. Since passage of that Act, USAID and the Department
of State have worked with other governments to increase access
to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. As a result of
U.S. investments, approximately 4.8 million people gained new
or improved access to drinking water or sanitation in fiscal
year (FY) 2013, according to the Department of State's 2014
Annual Report to Congress. The efforts mandated under that Act
have helped improve access to safe drinking water and proper
sanitation. In the view of the committee, additional
refinements to the law are needed to ensure continued progress.
Many of the newly established WASH efforts at USAID and the
Department of State are not accounted for in statute and
additional accountability measures to ensure WASH funding is
appropriately directed towards countries and regions most in
need have not been developed or implemented. One fifth of the
world's population still draws on freshwater resources that are
either polluted or significantly overdrawn and nearly 2.5
billion people lack access to proper sanitation. This lack of
access to quality water resources and proper sanitation is a
barrier to economic development and improvements in public
health and child mortality rates and also serves as a source of
intra- and inter-country conflict.
IV. Discussion
A summary of the key provisions of S. 2946, as amended,
follows:
Section 1
Section 1 states the bill may be cited as the ``Senator
Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2014.''
Section 2
Section 2 states that it is the sense of Congress that
water, sanitation, and hygiene impacts many areas of life, with
cross-cutting impacts on other sectors, and as such, the U.S.
should play a greater role in WASH programming.
Section 3
Section 3 makes technical corrections to the Water for the
Poor Act of 2005 by adding ``hygiene'' to the term ``water and
sanitation,'' since simple hygiene practices, while often
overlooked, are not only cheaper than other WASH programming,
but are extremely effective, when implemented correctly, and
are necessary to meet sanitation goals.
Section 4
Section 4 requires the USAID Administrator and the
Secretary of State, or their designees, to provide direction
and guidance, coordinate, and oversee the projects and programs
authorized by this Act and the Water for the Poor Act of 2005.
Section 4 codifies and refines the existing Global Water
Coordinator at USAID who shall provide direction, guidance, and
oversight of USAID's water, sanitation, and hygiene programs
authorized by this Act and the Water for the Poor Act; lead the
implementation and revision of USAID's portion of the Global
Water Strategy required by this Act; seek to expand USAID's
WASH capacity; coordinate with the Department of State and
Agency staff in each High Priority Country; and develop
appropriate benchmarks, measureable goals, performance metrics,
and monitoring and evaluation plans for Agency projects and
programs. Section 4 also codifies and refines the existing
position of Special Advisor for Water Resources at the
Department of State who shall provide direction, guidance, and
oversight of the Department of State projects and programs
authorized by this Act and the Water for the Poor Act; lead the
implementation and revision, not less than every 5 years, of
the Department of State's portion of the Global Water Strategy
required by this Act; prioritize and coordinate the
Department's international engagement on global fresh water
resources and policies; coordinate with USAID and State staff
in each High Priority Country to ensure that U.S. diplomatic
efforts related to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene,
including efforts related to management of water resources and
watersheds and the resolution of intra- and trans-boundary
conflicts over water resources, are consistent with United
States national interests; and represent the views of the U.S.
Government in key international fora, including key diplomatic,
development-related, and scientific organizations related to
freshwater issues.
Section 5
Section 5 requires that to ensure that water, sanitation,
and hygiene programs are targeted to reach the neediest
populations, achieve maximum impact, and continue to deliver
lasting and equitable benefits after completion, USAID shall
prioritize in which countries they work based on eleven
prioritization criteria in this Act. Section 5 also requires
USAID to prioritize, monitor, and evaluate projects and
programs against the health-based components of prioritization
criteria, as well as other metrics such as improvements in
health and educational opportunities for women and children,
increased access to clean water and sanitation, improved
indigenous capacity to independently carry out future projects
and programs in this sector, financial sustainability,
empowerment of local communities or institutions, effective
maintenance, and others. Section 5 also states that the USAID
Administrator is authorized, with consultation and notification
to Congress, to use current and improved data to measure the
prioritization criteria. Section 5 also mandates that not later
than October 1, 2015, the President shall annually designate,
based on the prioritization criteria, not less than ten High
Priority Countries that will be the primary recipients of U.S.
government development assistance and focus. Section 5 also
requires USAID to notify Congress within 15 days prior to the
obligation of any funds for water, sanitation, or hygiene
projects or programs in countries that are not ranked in the
top 50 countries of the WASH Needs Index, a ranking of
countries made pursuant to the health-based prioritization in
the Act. The purpose of the Congressional Notification is to
ensure added transparency and consideration for how and where
USAID spends water, sanitation, and hygiene assistance.
Section 6
Section 6 requires the President, acting through the
Secretary of State and USAID Administrator, to develop a Global
Water Strategy not later than October 2017, and update it every
5 years thereafter. The Global Water Strategy shall include a
detailed description of how the United States intends to
increase access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene in high
priority countries; improve management of water resources and
watersheds in such countries; and work to prevent and resolve,
to the greatest degree possible, both intra- and trans-boundary
conflicts over water resources in such countries. The Global
Water Strategy shall also include an agency-specific plan from
both USAID and the Department of State.
Section 6 further mandates that as soon as practicable, but
not later than 2018, the USAID shall update and revise their
existing Water and Development Strategy to reflect the
requirements of this Act, including how the Agency will carry
out the duties and responsibilities assigned to the Global
Water Coordinator, increase access to safe water, sanitation,
and hygiene in high priority countries, and ensure that
projects and programs are designed to achieve maximum impact
and long-term sustainability.
Section 6 also mandates that, not later than 180 days after
the enactment of this Act, the Department of State shall
develop their agency-specific plan, as part of the Global Water
Strategy, that describes specifically how the Department will
carry out the duties and responsibilities assigned to the
Special Coordinator for Water Resources; ensure that activities
improve management of water resources and watersheds in high
priority countries; prevent and resolve, to the greatest degree
possible, both intra- and trans-boundary conflicts over water
resources; and a description from other relevant federal
departments and agencies of their contributions to implementing
the Global Water Strategy.
Section 6 also states that as part of the Global Water
Strategy, USAID shall:
develop a plan for each High Priority Country that
considers cost, is evidence-based and results-oriented,
and seeks to achieve the purposes of this Act;
specifically describe the target percentage of funding for
each year covered by such strategy to be directed
toward projects aimed at providing first-time access to
safe water and sanitation;
include specific and measurable goals, benchmarks,
performance metrics, timetables, and monitoring and
evaluation plans required to be developed by the
Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development in accordance with this Act;
and
ensure that the Global Water Strategy is developed in
consultation with the heads of other appropriate
Federal departments and agencies and that it
incorporates best practices from the international
development community.
V. Cost Estimate
In accordance with rule XXVI, paragraph 11(a) of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the committee notes that the cost
estimate provided by the Congressional Budget Office was not
available for inclusion in this report. The estimate will be
printed in either a supplemental report or the Congressional
Record when it is available.
VI. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact
In compliance with rule XXVI of the Standing Rules of the
Senate, the Committee finds that no significant regulatory
impact will result from the enactment of S. 2946.
VII. Changes in Existing Law
In compliance with rule XXVI, paragraph 12 of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill,
as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be
omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in
italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in
roman).
The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended
* * * * * * *
PART I
Chapter 1--Policy; Development Assistance Authorizations
* * * * * * *
[SEC. 135. ASSISTANCE TO PROVIDE SAFE WATER AND SANITATION.]
* * * * * * *
SEC 136. ASSISTANCE TO PROVIDE SAFE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE.
(a) Purposes.--The purposes of assistance authorized by
this section are--
(1) to promote good health, economic development,
poverty reduction, women's empowerment, conflict
prevention, and environmental sustainability by
providing assistance to expand access to safe water and
sanitation, promoting integrated water resource
management, and improving hygiene for people around the
world;
(2) to seek to reduce by one-half from the baseline
year 1990 the proportion of people who are unable to
reach or afford safe drinking water and the proportion
of people without access to basic sanitation by 2015;
(3) to focus water and sanitation assistance toward
the countries, locales, and people with the greatest
need;
(4) to promote affordability and equity in the
provision of access to safe water and sanitation for
the very poor, women, and other vulnerable populations;
(5) to improve water efficiency through water demand
management and reduction of unaccounted-for water;
(6) to promote long-term sustainability in the
affordable and equitable provision of access to safe
water and sanitation through the creation of innovative
financing mechanisms such as national revolving funds,
and by strengthening the capacity of recipient
governments and communities to formulate and implement
policies that expand access to safe water and
sanitation in a sustainable fashion, including
integrated planning;
(7) to secure the greatest amount of resources
possible, encourage private investment in water and
sanitation infrastructure and services, particularly in
lower middle-income countries, without creating
unsustainable debt for low-income countries or
unaffordable water and sanitation costs for the very
poor; and
(8) to promote the capacity of recipient governments
to provide affordable, equitable, and sustainable
access to safe water and sanitation.
(b) Authorization.--To carry out the purposes of subsection
(a), the President is authorized to furnish assistance for
programs in developing countries to provide affordable and
equitable access to safe water [and sanitation], sanitation,
and hygiene.
(c) Activities Supported.--Assistance provided under
subsection (b) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be
used to--
(1) expand affordable and equitable access to safe
water and sanitation for underserved populations;
(2) support the design, construction, maintenance,
upkeep, repair, and operation of water delivery and
sanitation systems;
(3) improve the safety and reliability of water
supplies, including environmental management; and
(4) improve the capacity of recipient governments and
local communities, including capacity-building programs
for improved water resource management.
(d) Local Currency.--The President may use payments made in
local currencies under an agreement made under title I of the
Food for Peace Act 177 (7 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to provide
assistance under this section.
(e) Coordination and Oversight.--
(1) USAID global water coordinator.--
(A) Designation.--The Administrator of the
United States Agency for International
Development (referred to in this paragraph as
``USAID'') or the Administrator's designee, who
shall be a current USAID employee serving in a
career or non-career position in the Senior
Executive Service or at the level of a Deputy
Assistant Administrator or higher, shall serve
concurrently as the USAID Global Water
Coordinator (referred to in this subsection as
the ``Coordinator'').
(B) Specific duties.--The Coordinator shall--
(i) provide direction and guidance
to, coordinate, and oversee the
projects and programs of USAID
authorized under this section;
(ii) lead the implementation and
revision, not less frequently than once
every 5 years, of USAID's portion of
the Global Water Strategy required
under subsection (j);
(iii) seek--
(I) to expand the capacity of
USAID, subject to the
availability of appropriations,
including through the
designation of a lead subject
matter expert selected from
among USAID staff in each high
priority country designated
pursuant to subsection (h);
(II) to implement such
programs and activities;
(III) to take advantage of
economies of scale; and
(IV) to conduct more
efficient and effective
projects and programs;
(iv) coordinate with the Department
of State and USAID staff in each high
priority country designated pursuant to
subsection (h) to ensure that USAID
activities and projects, USAID program
planning and budgeting documents, and
USAID country development strategies
reflect and seek to implement--
(I) the safe water,
sanitation, and hygiene
objectives established in the
strategy required under
subsection (j), including
objectives relating to the
management of water resources;
and
(II) international best
practices relating to--
(aa) increasing
access to safe water
and sanitation;
(bb) conducting
hygiene-related
activities; and
(cc) ensuring
appropriate management
of water resources; and
(v) develop appropriate benchmarks,
measurable goals, performance metrics,
and monitoring and evaluation plans for
USAID projects and programs authorized
under this section.
(2) Department of state special coordinator for water
resources.--
(A) Designation.--The Secretary of State or
the Secretary's designee, who shall be a
current employee of the Department of State
serving in a career or non-career position in
the Senior Executive Service or at the level of
a Deputy Assistant Secretary or higher, shall
serve concurrently as the Department of State
Special Advisor for Water Resources (referred
to in this paragraph as the ``Special
Advisor'').
(B) Specific duties.--The Special Advisor
shall--
(i) provide direction and guidance
to, coordinate, and oversee the
projects and programs of the Department
of State authorized under this section;
(ii) lead the implementation and
revision, not less than every 5 years,
of the Department of State's portion of
the Global Water Strategy required
under subsection (j);
(iii) prioritize and coordinate the
Department of State's international
engagement on the allocation,
distribution, and access to global
fresh water resources and policies
related to such matters;
(iv) coordinate with United States
Agency for International Development
and Department of State staff in each
high priority country designated
pursuant to subsection (h) to ensure
that United States diplomatic efforts
related to safe water, sanitation, and
hygiene, including efforts related to
management of water resources and
watersheds and the resolution of intra-
and trans-boundary conflicts over water
resources, are consistent with United
States national interests; and
(v) represent the views of the United
States Government on the allocation,
distribution, and access to global
fresh water resources and policies
related to such matters in key
international fora, including key
diplomatic, development-related, and
scientific organizations.
(3) Additional nature of duties and restriction on
additional or supplemental compensation.--The
responsibilities and specific duties of the
Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development (or the Administrator's
designee) and the Secretary of State (or the
Secretary's designee) under paragraph (2) or (3),
respectively, shall be in addition to any other
responsibilities or specific duties assigned to such
individuals. Such individuals shall receive no
additional or supplemental compensation as a result of
carrying out such responsibilities and specific duties
under such paragraphs.
(f) Priorities and Criteria for Maximum Impact and Long-
Term Sustainability.--The Administrator of the United States
Agency for International Development shall ensure that the
Agency for International Development's projects and programs
authorized under this section are designed to achieve maximum
impact and long-term sustainability by--
(1) prioritizing countries on the basis of the
following clearly defined criteria and indicators, to
the extent sufficient data are available--
(A) the proportion of the population using an
unimproved drinking water source;
(B) the total population using an unimproved
drinking water source;
(C) the proportion of the population without
piped water access;
(D) the proportion of the population using
shared or other unimproved sanitation
facilities;
(E) the total population using shared or
other unimproved sanitation facilities;
(F) the proportion of the population
practicing open defecation;
(G) the total number of children younger than
5 years of age who died from diarrheal disease;
(H) the proportion of all deaths of children
younger than 5 years of age resulting from
diarrheal disease;
(I) the national government's capacity,
capability, and commitment to work with the
United States to improve access to safe water,
sanitation, and hygiene, including--
(i) the government's capacity and
commitment to developing the indigenous
capacity to provide safe water and
sanitation without the assistance of
outside donors; and
(ii) the degree to which such
government--
(I) identifies such efforts
as a priority; and
(II) allocates resources to
such efforts;
(J) the availability of opportunities to
leverage existing public, private, or other
donor investments in the water, sanitation, and
hygiene sectors, including investments in the
management of water resources; and
(K) the likelihood of making significant
improvements on a per capita basis on the
health and educational opportunities available
to women as a result of increased access to
safe water, sanitation, and hygiene, including
access to appropriate facilities at primary and
secondary educational institutions seeking to
ensure that communities benefitting from such
projects and activities develop the indigenous
capacity to provide safe water and sanitation
without the assistance of outside donors;
(2) prioritizing and measuring, including through
rigorous monitoring and evaluating mechanisms, the
extent to which such project or program--
(A) furthers significant improvements in--
(i) the criteria set forth in
subparagraphs (A) through (H) of
paragraph (1);
(ii) the health and educational
opportunities available to women as a
result of increased access to safe
water, sanitation, and hygiene,
including access to appropriate
facilities at primary and secondary
educational institutions; and
(iii) the indigenous capacity of the
host nation or community to provide
safe water and sanitation without the
assistance of outside donors;
(B) is designed, as part of the provision of
safe water and sanitation to the local
community--
(i) to be financially independent
over the long term, focusing on local
ownership and sustainability;
(ii) to be undertaken in conjunction
with relevant public institutions or
private enterprises;
(iii) to identify and empower local
individuals or institutions to be
responsible for the effective
management and maintenance of such
project or program; and
(iv) to provide safe water or
expertise or capacity building to those
identified parties or institutions for
the purposes of developing a plan and
clear responsibilities for the
effective management and maintenance of
such project or program;
(C) leverages existing public, private, or
other donor investments in the water,
sanitation, and hygiene sectors, including
investments in the management of water
resources;
(D) avoids duplication of efforts with other
United States Government agencies or
departments or those of other nations or
nongovernmental organizations;
(E) coordinates such efforts with the efforts
of other United States Government agencies or
departments or those of other nations or
nongovernmental organizations directed at
assisting refugees and other displaced
individuals; and
(F) involves consultation with appropriate
stakeholders, including communities directly
affected by the lack of access to clean water,
sanitation or hygiene, and other appropriate
nongovernmental organizations;
(3) seeking to further the ``USAID Water and
Development Strategy, 2013-2018'' through 2018; and
(4) seeking to further the strategy required under
subsection (j) after 2018.
(g) Use of Improved Data Collection and Review of New
Standardized Indicators.--
(1) In general.--The Administrator of the United
States Agency for International Development is
authorized to use improved data collection--
(A) to meet the health-based prioritization
criteria established pursuant to subsection
(f)(1); and
(B) to review new standardized indicators in
evaluating progress towards meeting such
criteria.
(2) Consultation and notice.--The Administrator
shall--
(A) regularly consult with the appropriate
congressional committees; and
(B) notify such committees not later 30 days
before using improved data collection and
review of new standardized indicators under
paragraph (1) for the purposes of carrying out
this section.
(h) Designation of High Priority Countries.--
(1) Initial designation.--Not later than October 1,
2015, the President shall--
(A) designate, on the basis of the criteria
set forth in subsection (f)(1) and in
furtherance of the ``USAID Water and
Development Strategy, 2013-2018'', not fewer
than 10 countries as high priority countries to
be the primary recipients of United States
Government assistance authorized under this
section during fiscal year 2016; and
(B) notify the appropriate congressional
committees of such designations.
(2) Annual designations.--
(A) In general.--Except as provided in
subparagraph (B), the President shall annually
make new designations pursuant to the criteria
set forth in paragraph (1).
(B) Designations after fiscal year 2018.--
Beginning with fiscal year 2019, designations
under paragraph (1) shall be made--
(i) based upon the criteria set forth
in subsection (f)(1); and
(ii) in furtherance of the strategy
required under subsection (j).
(i) Targeting of Projects and Programs to Areas of Greatest
Need.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 15 days before the
obligation of any funds for water, sanitation, or
hygiene projects or programs pursuant to this section
in countries that are not ranked in the top 50
countries based upon the WASH Needs Index, the
Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development shall notify the appropriate
congressional committees of the planned obligation of
such funds.
(2) Defined term.--In this subsection and in
subsection (j), the term ``WASH Needs Index'' means the
needs index for water, sanitation, or hygiene projects
or programs authorized under this section that has been
developed using the criteria and indicators described
in subparagraphs (A) through (H) of subsection (f)(1).
(j) Global Water Strategy.--
(1) In general.--Not later than October 1, 2017, and
every 5 years thereafter, the President, acting through
the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United
States Agency for International Development, and the
heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as
appropriate, shall submit a single government-wide
Global Water Strategy to the appropriate congressional
committees that provides a detailed description of how
the United States intends--
(A) to increase access to safe water,
sanitation, and hygiene in high priority
countries designated pursuant to subsection
(h), including a summary of the WASH Needs
Index and the specific weighting of data and
other assumptions used to develop and rank
countries on the WASH Needs Index;
(B) to improve the management of water
resources and watersheds in such countries; and
(C) to work to prevent and resolve, to the
greatest degree possible, both intra- and
trans-boundary conflicts over water resources
in such countries.
(2) Agency-specific plans.--The Global Water Strategy
shall include an agency-specific plan--
(A) from the United States Agency for
International Development that describes
specifically how the Agency for International
Development will--
(i) carry out the duties and
responsibilities assigned to the Global
Water Coordinator under subsection
(e)(1);
(ii) ensure that the Agency for
International Development's projects
and programs authorized under this
section are designed to achieve maximum
impact and long-term sustainability,
including by implementing the
requirements described in subsection
(f); and
(iii) increase access to safe water,
sanitation, and hygiene in high
priority countries designated pursuant
to subsection (h);
(B) from the Department of State that
describes specifically how the Department of
State will--
(i) carry out the duties and
responsibilities assigned to the
Special Coordinator for Water Resources
under subsection (e)(2); and
(ii) ensure that the Department's
activities authorized under this
section are designed--
(I) to improve management of
water resources and watersheds
in countries designated
pursuant to subsection (h); and
(II) to prevent and resolve,
to the greatest degree
possible, both intra- and
trans-boundary conflicts over
water resources in such
countries; and
(C) from other Federal departments and
agencies, as appropriate, that describes the
contributions of the departments and agencies
to implementing the Global Water Strategy.
(3) Individualized plans for high priority
countries.--For each high priority country designated
pursuant to subsection (h), the Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development
shall--
(A) develop a costed, evidence-based, and
results-oriented plan that--
(i) seeks to achieve the purposes of
this section; and
(ii) meets the requirements under
subsection (f); and
(B) include such plan in an appendix to the
Global Water Strategy required under paragraph
(1).
(4) First time access reporting requirement.--The
Global Water Strategy shall specifically describe the
target percentage of funding for each fiscal year
covered by such strategy to be directed toward projects
aimed at providing first-time access to safe water and
sanitation.
(5) Performance indicators.--The Global Water
Strategy shall include specific and measurable goals,
benchmarks, performance metrics, timetables, and
monitoring and evaluation plans required to be
developed by the Administrator of the United States
Agency for International Development pursuant to
subsection (e)(1)(B)(v).
(6) Consultation and best practices.--The Global
Water Strategy shall--
(A) be developed in consultation with the
heads of other appropriate Federal departments
and agencies; and
(B) incorporate best practices from the
international development community.
(k) Definition.--In this section, the term ``appropriate
congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives; and
(4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives.