[House Report 113-319]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


113th Congress                                                   Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session                                                    113-319
_______________________________________________________________________

                                     

                                                 Union Calendar No. 237


           REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE AND OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES

                                 of the

                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

                               during the

                             113TH CONGRESS





January 2, 2014.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed
                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
                    One Hundred Thirteenth Congress

                     DAVE CAMP, Michigan, Chairman
SAM JOHNSON, Texas                   SANDER M. LEVIN, Michigan
KEVIN BRADY, Texas                   CHARLES B. RANGEL, New York
PAUL RYAN, Wisconsin                 JIM McDERMOTT, Washington
DEVIN NUNES, California              JOHN LEWIS, Georgia
PATRICK J. TIBERI, Ohio              RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts
DAVE G. REICHERT, Washington         XAVIER BECERRA, California
CHARLES BOUSTANY, Louisiana          LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas
PETER J. ROSKAM, Illinois            MIKE THOMPSON, California
JIM GERLACH, Pennsylvania            JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut
TOM PRICE, Georgia                   EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon
VERN BUCHANAN, Florida               RON KIND, Wisconsin
ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska               BILL PASCRELL, Jr., New Jersey
AARON SCHOCK, Illinois               JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York
LYNN JENKINS, Kansas                 ALLYSON SCHWARTZ, Pennsylvania
ERIK PAULSEN, Minnesota              DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois
KENNY MARCHANT, Texas                LINDA SANCHEZ, California
DIANE BLACK, Tennessee
TOM REED, New York
TODD YOUNG, Indiana
MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania
TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas
JIM RENACCI, Ohio
                         LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

                              ----------                              

                     U.S. House of Representatives,
                               Committee on Ways and Means,
                                   Washington, DC, January 2, 2014.
Hon. Karen Haas,
Office of the Clerk,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
    Dear Ms. Haas: I am herewith transmitting, pursuant to 
House Rule XI, clause 1(d), the report of the Committee on Ways 
and Means on its legislative and oversight activities during 
the First Session of the 113th Congress.
            Sincerely,
                                                 Dave Camp,
                                                          Chairman.


                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page
Transmittal Letter...............................................   III
Foreword.........................................................   VII
 I. Legislative Activity Review.......................................1
        A. Legislative Review of Tax, Trust Fund, and Pension 
          Issues.................................................     1
        B. Legislative Review of Trade Issues....................     8
        C. Legislative Review of Health Issues...................    14
        D. Legislative Review of Human Resources Issues..........    17
        E. Legislative Review of Social Security Issues..........    22
        F. Legislative Review of Debt Issues.....................    23
        G. Legislative Review of Multi-Jurisdictional Issues.....    24
II. Oversight Activity Review........................................27
        A. Oversight Agenda......................................    27
        B. Actions Taken and Recommendations Made With Respect to 
          Oversight Plan.........................................    33
        C. Oversight Letters Issued by the Committee on Ways and 
          Means..................................................    55
        D. Subpoenas Issued by the Committee on Ways and Means...    64
Appendix I. Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means......    65
Appendix II. Historical Note.....................................    86
Appendix III. Statistical Review of the Activities of the 
  Committee on Ways and Means....................................    92
Appendix IV. Chairmen of the Committee on Ways and Means and 
  Membership of the Committee from the 1st through the 113th 
  Congresses.....................................................    95
                                FOREWORD

    Clause 1(d) of Rule XI of the Rules of the House, regarding 
the Rules of procedure for committees, contains a requirement 
that each committee prepare a report summarizing its 
activities. The 104th Congress added subsections on legislative 
and oversight activities, including a summary comparison of 
oversight plans and eventual recommendations and actions. The 
full text of the amended Rule follows:

    (d)(1) Not later than January 2 of each year, a committee 
shall submit to the House a report on the activities of that 
committee.
    (2) Such report shall include--
          (A) separate sections summarizing the legislative and 
        oversight activities of that committee under this rule 
        and rule X during the applicable period;
          (B) in the case of the first such report in each 
        Congress, a summary of the oversight plans submitted by 
        the committee under clause 2(d) of rule X; submitted by 
        the committee under clause 2(d) of Rule X;
          (C) a summary of the actions taken and 
        recommendations made with respect to the oversight 
        plans specified in subdivision (B);
          (D) a summary of any additional oversight activities 
        undertaken by that committee and any recommendations 
        made or actions taken thereon; and
          (E) a delineation of any hearings held pursuant to 
        clauses 2(n), (o), or (p) of this rule.
    (3) After an adjournment sine die of a regular session of a 
Congress, or after December 15, whichever occurs first, the 
chair of a committee may file the report described in 
subparagraph (1) with the Clerk at any time and without 
approval of the committee, provided that--
          (A) a copy of the report has been available to each 
        member of the committee for at least seven calendar 
        days; and
          (B) the report includes any supplemental, minority, 
        or additional views submitted by a member of the 
        committee.

    The jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means during 
the 113th Congress is provided in Rule X, clause 1(t), as 
follows:

    (t) Committee on Ways and Means.
          (1) Customs revenue, collection districts, and ports 
        of entry and delivery.
          (2) Reciprocal trade agreements.
          (3) Revenue measures generally.
          (4) Revenue measures relating to insular possessions.
          (5) Bonded debt of the United States, subject to the 
        last sentence of clause 4(f).
          (6) Deposit of public monies.
          (7) Transportation of dutiable goods.
          (8) Tax exempt foundations and charitable trusts.
          (9) National social security (except health care and 
        facilities programs that are supported from general 
        revenues as opposed to payroll deductions and except 
        work incentive programs).

    The general oversight responsibilities of the committee are 
set forth in clause 2 of Rule X. The 104th Congress also added 
the requirement in clause 2 of Rule X that each standing 
committee submit its oversight plans for each Congress. The 
text of the Rule, in pertinent part, follows:

    2. (a) The various standing committees shall have general 
oversight responsibilities as provided in paragraph (b) in 
order to assist the House in--
          (1) its analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of--
                  (A) the application, administration, 
                execution, and effectiveness of Federal laws; 
                and
                  (B) conditions and circumstances that may 
                indicate the necessity or desirability of 
                enacting new or additional legislation; and
          (2) its formulation, consideration, and enactment of 
        changes in Federal laws, and of such additional 
        legislation as may be necessary or appropriate.
    (b)(1) In order to determine whether laws and programs 
addressing subjects within the jurisdiction of a committee are 
being implemented and carried out in accordance with the intent 
of Congress and whether they should be continued, curtailed, or 
eliminated, each standing committee (other than the Committee 
on Appropriations) shall review and study on a continuing 
basis--
          (A) the application, administration, execution, and 
        effectiveness of laws and programs addressing subjects 
        within its jurisdiction;
          (B) the organization and operation of Federal 
        agencies and entities having responsibilities for the 
        administration and execution of laws and programs 
        addressing subjects within its jurisdiction;
          (C) any conditions or circumstances that may indicate 
        the necessity or desirability of enacting new or 
        additional legislation addressing subjects within its 
        jurisdiction (whether or not a bill or resolution has 
        been introduced with respect thereto); and
          (D) future research and forecasting on subjects 
        within its jurisdiction.
    (2) Each committee to which subparagraph (1) applies having 
more than 20 members shall establish an oversight subcommittee, 
or require its subcommittees to conduct oversight in their 
respective jurisdictions, to assist in carrying out its 
responsibilities under this clause. The establishment of an 
oversight subcommittee does not limit the responsibility of a 
subcommittee with legislative jurisdiction in carrying out its 
oversight responsibilities.
    (c) Each standing committee shall review and study on a 
continuing basis the impact or probable impact of tax policies 
affecting subjects within its jurisdiction as described in 
clauses 1 and 3.
    (d)(1) Not later than February 15 of the first session of a 
Congress, each standing committee shall, in a meeting that is 
open to the public and with a quorum present, adopt its 
oversight plan for that Congress. Such plan shall be submitted 
simultaneously to the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform and to the Committee on House Administration. In 
developing its plan each committee shall, to the maximum extent 
feasible--
          (A) consult with other committees that have 
        jurisdiction over the same or related laws, programs, 
        or agencies within its jurisdiction with the objective 
        of ensuring maximum coordination and cooperation among 
        committees when conducting reviews of such laws, 
        programs, or agencies and include in its plan an 
        explanation of steps that have been or will be taken to 
        ensure such coordination and cooperation;
          (B) review specific problems with Federal rules, 
        regulations, statutes, and court decisions that are 
        ambiguous, arbitrary, or nonsensical, or that impose 
        severe financial burdens on individuals;
          (C) give priority consideration to including in its 
        plan the review of those laws, programs, or agencies 
        operating under permanent budget authority or permanent 
        statutory authority;
          (D) have a view toward ensuring that all significant 
        laws, programs, or agencies within its jurisdiction are 
        subject to review every 10 years;
          (E) have a view toward insuring against duplication 
        of Federal programs; and
          (F) include proposals to cut or eliminate programs, 
        including mandatory spending programs, that are 
        inefficient, duplicative, outdated, or more 
        appropriately administered by State or local 
        governments.

    To carry out its work during the 113th Congress, the 
Committee on Ways and Means has six standing Subcommittees, as 
follows:
          Subcommittee on Trade;
          Subcommittee on Oversight;
          Subcommittee on Health;
          Subcommittee on Social Security;
          Subcommittee on Human Resources; and
          Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures.
    The membership of the six Subcommittees of the Committee on 
Ways and Means in the 113th Congress is as follows:

                         Subcommittee on Trade

 DEVIN NUNES, California, Chairman

CHARLES B. RANGEL, New York          KEVIN BRADY, Texas
RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts       DAVID G. REICHERT, Washington
JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut          VERN BUCHANAN, Florida
EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon              ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska
RON KIND, Wisconsin                  AARON SCHOCK, Illinois
                                     LYNN JENKINS, Kansas
                                     CHARLES BOUSTANY, Jr., Louisiana
                                     PETER J. ROSKAM, Illinois

                    Subcommittee on Social Security

   SAM JOHNSON, Texas, Chairman

XAVIER BECERRA, California           PATRICK TIBERI, Ohio
LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas                 TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas
MIKE THOMPSON, California            JIM RENACCI, Ohio
ALLYSON SCHWARTZ, Pennsylvania       AARON SCHOCK, Illinois
                                     MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania
                                     KEVIN BRADY, Texas

                       Subcommittee on Oversight

CHARLES BOUSTANY, Jr., Louisiana, 
             Chairman

JOHN LEWIS, Georgia                  DIANE BLACK, Tennessee
JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York             LYNN JENKINS, Kansas
DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois             KENNY MARCHANT, Texas
LINDA SANCHEZ, California            TOM REED, New York
                                     ERIK PAULSEN, Minnesota
                                     MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania

                         Subcommittee on Health

   KEVIN BRADY, Texas, Chairman 

JIM McDERMOTT, Washington            SAM JOHNSON, Texas
MIKE THOMPSON, California            PAUL RYAN, Wisconsin
RON KIND, Wisconsin                  DEVIN NUNES, California
EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon              PETER J. ROSKAM, Illinois
BILL PASCRELL, Jr., New Jersey       JIM GERLACH, Pennsylvania
                                     TOM PRICE, Georgia
                                     VERN BUCHANAN, Florida
                                     ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska

                    Subcommittee on Human Resources

  DAVID G. REICHERT, Washington, 
             Chairman

LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas                 TODD YOUNG, Indiana
JOHN LEWIS, Georgia                  MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania
JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York             TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas
DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois             JIM RENACCI, Ohio
                                     TOM REED, New York
                                     CHARLES BOUSTANY, Jr., Louisiana

                Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures

 PATRICK J. TIBERI, Ohio, Chairman

RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts       ERIK PAULSEN, Minnesota
JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut          KENNY MARCHANT, Texas
ALLYSON SCHWARTZ, Pennsylvania       JIM GERLACH, Pennsylvania
LINDA SANCHEZ, California            AARON SCHOCK, Illinois
                                     TOM REED, New York
                                     TODD YOUNG, Indiana

    The Committee on Ways and Means submits its report on its 
legislative and oversight activities for the 113th Congress 
pursuant to the above stated provisions of the Rules of the 
House. Section I of the report describes the Committee's 
legislative activities, divided into seven sections as follows: 
Legislative Review of Tax, Trust Fund, and Pension Issues; 
Legislative Review of Trade Issues; Legislative Review of 
Health Issues; Legislative Review of Human Resources Issues; 
Debt; and Legislative Review of Multi-Jurisdictional Issues.
    Section II of the report describes the Committee's 
oversight activities. It includes a copy of the Committee's 
Oversight Agenda, adopted on February 15, 2013, along with a 
description of actions taken and recommendations made with 
respect to the oversight plan. The report then discusses 
additional Committee oversight activities, and any 
recommendations or actions taken as a result.
    Finally, the report includes four appendices with Committee 
information. Appendix I is an expanded discussion of the 
Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means along with a 
revised listing and explanation of blue slip resolutions and 
points of order under House Rule XXI 5(a). Appendix II is a 
brief Historical Note on the origins of the Committee; Appendix 
III is a Statistical Review of the Activities of the Committee 
on Ways and Means; and Appendix IV is a listing of the Chairmen 
and Membership of the Committee from the 1st-113th Congresses.


                                                 Union Calendar No. 237
113th Congress                                                   Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session                                                    113-319

======================================================================



 
REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE AND OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
       WAYS AND MEANS DURING THE ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS

                                _______
                                

January 2, 2014.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

            Mr. Camp, from the Committee on Ways and Means,
                        submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                     I. LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY REVIEW


      A. Legislative Review of Tax, Trust Fund, and Pension Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

a. Amending the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to Include Vaccines 
        Against Seasonal Influenza Within the Definition of Taxable 
        Vaccines (P.L. 113-15)

    On February 4, 2013, Representative Jim Gerlach introduced 
H.R. 475, a bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to 
include vaccines against seasonal influenza within the 
definition of taxable vaccines. On June 18, 2013, the House 
passed the bill under suspension of the rules by voice vote. On 
June 19, 2013, the Senate passed the bill without amendment by 
voice vote. On June 25, 2013, the President signed the bill 
into law.
    H.R. 475 modified the excise tax that funds the National 
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program to cover any FDA-approved 
and CDC-recommended vaccine against seasonal influenza. Under 
prior law, with respect to flu vaccines, the excise tax applied 
only to any trivalent (i.e., three-strain) vaccine against 
influenza.

b. Renaming Section 219(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as the 
        Kay Bailey Hutchison Spousal IRA (P.L. 113-22)

    On June 6, 2013, Representative Sam Johnson and seven 
cosponsors introduced H.R. 2289, a bill to rename section 
219(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as the Kay Bailey 
Hutchison Spousal IRA. On June 25, 2013, the House passed the 
bill under suspension of the rules by voice vote. On July 11, 
2013, the Senate passed the bill without amendment by unanimous 
consent. On July 25, 2013, the President signed the bill into 
law.
    H.R. 2289 renamed a provision of the Internal Revenue Code 
(IRC section 219(c))--which provides a special rule for spousal 
individual retirement arrangements (IRAs)--as the ``Kay Bailey 
Hutchison Spousal IRA.''

c. The ``Fallen Firefighters Assistance Tax Clarification Act of 2013'' 
        (P.L. 113-63)

    On November 12, 2013, Representative Louise Slaughter 
introduced H.R. 3458, a bill to allow public charities to make 
payments to firefighters who were injured, or the families of 
firefighters who were killed, as a result of an ambush that 
occurred in Webster, New York on December 24, 2012. On December 
12, 2013, the House considered the bill under unanimous consent 
and passed it without objection. On December 13, 2013, the 
Senate passed the bill without amendment pursuant to a 
unanimous consent agreement. On December 20, 2013, the 
President signed the bill into law.
    H.R. 3458 deemed any payments from a public charity, 
regardless of its exempt purpose, to any firefighter injured as 
a result of that ambush, or to the spouse or any dependent of 
any firefighter who died as a result of that ambush, as 
consistent with that organization's basis for tax-exempt status 
as long as such payments are made in good faith using a 
reasonable and objective formula that is consistently applied. 
The tax rules modified by this legislation generally prohibit a 
tax-exempt organization from distributing funds in a way that 
does not further that organization's exempt purpose.

      2. TAX RELIEF AND OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

a. H.R. 45, Repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 
        and Health Care-related Provisions in the Health Care and 
        Education Reconciliation Act of 2010

    On January 3, 2013, Representative Michele Bachmann 
introduced H.R. 45, a bill to repeal the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act and health care-related provisions in the 
Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. On May 
16, 2013, the House passed the bill, as amended, under a rule 
by a vote of 229-195. As of December 20, 2013, the Senate had 
not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 45 would repeal the Patient 
Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-148) and 
the health care provisions of the Health Care and Education 
Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152), including the tax 
provisions contained in those two laws.

b. H.R. 2009, The ``Keep the IRS Off Your Health Care Act of 2013''

    On May 16, 2013, Representative Tom Price and 30 cosponsors 
introduced H.R. 2009, a bill to prohibit the Department of the 
Treasury from implementing or enforcing the Patient Protection 
and Affordable Care Act or the Health Care and Education 
Reconciliation Act of 2010. On August 2, 2013, the House passed 
the bill under a rule by a vote of 232-185. As of December 20, 
2013, the Senate had not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2009 would prohibit the 
Secretary of the Treasury, or any delegate of the Secretary, 
from implementing or enforcing any provisions of or amendments 
made by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 
111-148) or the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 
2010 (P.L. 111-152).

c. H.R. 2019, The ``Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act.''

    On May 16, 2013, Representative Gregg Harper and 15 
cosponsors introduced H.R. 2019, a bill to eliminate taxpayer 
financing of presidential campaigns and party conventions (the 
rules for which are contained in the Internal Revenue Code) and 
reprogram savings to provide for a 10-year pediatric research 
initiative through the Common Fund administered by the National 
Institutes of Health (NIH). On December 11, 2013, the House 
passed the bill, as amended, under suspension of the rules by a 
vote of 295-103. As of December 20, 2013, the Senate had not 
yet taken up the legislation.
    As amended and passed by the House, H.R. 2019, renamed the 
``Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act,'' would authorize a 
ten-year, $126 million pediatric research initiative through 
NIH, funded by eliminating funding from the Presidential 
Election Campaign Fund to the presidential nominating 
conventions. The taxpayer check-off and other related internal 
Revenue Code provisions would remain in force under the House-
passed bill.

d. H.R. 2565, The ``STOP IRS Act''

    On June 27, 2013, Representative Jim Renacci--along with 30 
cosponsors--introduced H.R. 2565, a bill to amend the Internal 
Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-
206) to expand the list of violations for which an Internal 
Revenue Service (IRS) employee may be immediately terminated 
with appeal only to the IRS Commissioner. On July 31, 2013, the 
House passed the bill under suspension of the rules by voice 
vote. As of December 20, 2013, the Senate had not yet taken up 
the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2565 would expand the list of 
violations for which an IRS employee may be immediately 
terminated to include performing, delaying, or failing to 
perform (or threatening to perform, delay, or fail to perform) 
any official action (including any audit) with respect to a 
taxpayer for purpose of extracting personal gain or benefit or 
for a political purpose.

e. H.R. 2667, The ``Authority for Mandate Delay Act''

    On July 11, 2013, Representative Tim Griffin--along with 
Chairman Camp and 22 other cosponsors--introduced H.R. 2667, a 
bill to delay until 2015 the application of the employer 
mandate and related reporting requirements enacted as part of 
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. On July 
2, 2013, the Department of the Treasury had announced that the 
employer mandate and the related reporting requirements would 
not be enforced until 2015. On July 17, 2013, the House passed 
the bill under a rule by a vote of 264-161. Pursuant to the 
rule (H. Res. 300), in the engrossment of H.R. 2668, the text 
of H.R. 2667 was added to the end of H.R. 2668, and H.R. 2667 
was laid on the table. For further information on H.R. 2668, 
see section 2g.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2667 would effectively codify 
the Administration's July 2, 2013, announcement delaying until 
2015 the enforcement of the employer mandate and related 
reporting requirements enacted under the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-148).

f. H.R. 2668, The ``Fairness for American Families Act''

    On July 11, 2013, Representative Todd Young--along with 
Chairman Camp and 22 other cosponsors--introduced H.R. 2668, a 
bill to delay until 2015 the application of the individual 
mandate enacted as part of the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010. On July 17, 2013, the House passed 
the bill, as amended, under a rule by a vote of 251-174. As of 
December 20, 2013, the Senate had not yet taken up the 
legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2668 would delay until 2015 
the application of the individual mandate enacted as part of 
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 
111-148), which generally requires an individual to maintain 
minimum essential health insurance coverage or pay a tax. 
Pursuant to the rule (H. Res. 300), in the engrossment of H.R. 
2668, the text of H.R. 2667 was added to the end of H.R. 2668, 
and H.R. 2667 was laid on the table. Thus, as passed by the 
House, H.R. 2668 would also effectively codify the 
Administration's July 2, 2013, announcement delaying until 2015 
the enforcement of the employer mandate and related reporting 
requirements enacted under the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010. For further information on H.R. 
2667, see section 2f.

g. H.R. 2768, The ``Taxpayer Bill of Rights Act of 2013''

    On July 22, 2013, Representative Peter Roskam introduced 
H.R. 2768, a bill to require the Commissioner of the Internal 
Revenue Service (IRS) to ensure that IRS employees are familiar 
with and act in accordance with certain taxpayer rights. On 
July 31, 2013, the House passed the bill, as amended, under 
suspension of the rules by voice vote. As of December 20, 2013, 
the Senate had not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2768 would require the IRS 
Commissioner to ensure that IRS employees are familiar with and 
act in accordance with certain taxpayer rights, including the 
right to be informed, to be assisted, to be heard, to pay no 
more than the correct amount of tax, to an appeal, to 
certainty, to privacy, to confidentiality, to representation, 
and to a fair and just tax system.

h. H.R. 2769, The ``Stop Playing on Citizens' Cash (SPOCC) Act''

    On July 22, 2013, Representative Peter Roskam introduced 
H.R. 2769, a bill to prohibit the Internal Revenue Service 
(IRS) from holding any conference until the Department of the 
Treasury's Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) 
submits to Congress a report certifying that the IRS has 
implemented certain TIGTA recommendations. On July 31, 2013, 
the House passed the bill, as amended, under suspension of the 
rules by voice vote. As of December 20, 2013, the Senate had 
not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2769 would prohibit the IRS 
from holding any conference until TIGTA submits to Congress a 
report certifying that the IRS has implemented all 
recommendations set forth in TIGTA's report titled ``Review of 
the August 2010 Small Business/Self-Employed Division's 
Conference in Anaheim, California'' and describing such 
implementation.

i. H.R. 3080, The ``Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 
        2013''

    On September 11, 2013, Transportation and Infrastructure 
Committee Chairman Bill Shuster and three cosponsors introduced 
H.R. 3080, a bill to reauthorize and reform certain Federal 
water resources and infrastructure programs that are primarily 
under the jurisdiction of that committee. On October 17, 2013, 
and October 18, 2013, Chairman Camp and Chairman Shuster 
exchanged letters acknowledging the jurisdiction of the Ways 
and Means Committee on the bill's tax-related provision. On 
October 21, 2013, the Transportation and Infrastructure 
Committee reported the bill (H. Rep. 113-246, Part I), as 
amended, and several other committees--including the Ways and 
Means Committee--were discharged. On October 23, 2013, the 
House passed the bill, as amended, under a rule by a vote of 
417-3. On October 31, 2013, the Senate passed an amendment in 
the nature of a substitute to the bill--reflecting the text of 
S. 601, related legislation that had previously passed the 
Senate by a vote of 83-14 on May 15, 2013--by unanimous consent 
and requested a conference with the House. On November 14, 
2013, the House passed by unanimous consent a motion 
disagreeing to the Senate amendment and agreeing to a 
conference. As of December 20, 2013, a conference report had 
not yet been filed.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 3080 would reauthorize and 
reform certain Federal water resources and infrastructure 
programs that are primarily under the jurisdiction of the 
Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. The tax-related 
provision in the House-passed bill (Sec. 201) would amend the 
Internal Revenue Code to modify the expenditure authority for 
the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund. The Senate version of the 
legislation would make a similar amendment to the Internal 
Revenue Code.

j. H.R. 3205, The ``Promoting Adoption and Legal Guardianship for 
        Children in Foster Care Act''

    On September 27, 2013, Chairman Camp--along with Ranking 
Member Sander Levin, Human Resources Subcommittee Chairman Dave 
Reichert, and Human Resources Subcommittee Ranking Member Lloyd 
Doggett--introduced H.R. 3205, a bill to extend and improve an 
Adoption Incentives program under the jurisdiction of the Human 
Resources Subcommittee. For a detailed summary of the 
legislative history of H.R. 3205 and of the Human Resources-
related provisions of the bill, see Part ID, section 1c.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 3205 contains one tax-related 
provision. Sec. 301 of the bill would require States that are 
owed unemployment compensation debt meeting certain criteria to 
ensure recovery of such debt through a Federal tax refund 
offset. Currently, states are permitted--but not required--to 
take such actions to ensure recovery of unemployment 
compensation debt. For a separate measure containing a related 
provision, see Part IF, Section 1b.

k. H.R. 3350, The ``Keep Your Health Plan Act of 2013''

    On October 28, 2013, Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman 
Fred Upton--along with 29 cosponsors--introduced H.R. 3350, a 
bill to permit health insurance issuers to continue to offer 
for sale during 2014 current individual health insurance 
coverage in satisfaction of the requirements of the individual 
mandate established under the Patient Protection and Affordable 
Care Act of 2010. On November 15, 2013, the House passed the 
bill under a rule by a vote of 261-157. As of December 20, 
2013, the Senate had not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 3350 would allow health 
insurance issuers that have in effect health insurance coverage 
in the individual market as of January 1, 2013, to continue 
offering such coverage for sale during 2014 outside of a health 
care exchange established under the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-148). The legislation 
would treat such coverage as a grandfathered health plan for 
purposes of satisfying that law's individual mandate, which 
generally requires an individual to maintain minimum essential 
health insurance coverage or pay a tax.

a. Tax Reform Hearings (Full Committee)

    On February 14, 2013, the Committee received testimony on 
tax reform and charitable contributions from (i) Eugene 
Steuerle, Fellow and Richard B. Fisher Chair, The Urban 
Institute; (ii) Kevin Murphy, President, the Council on 
Foundations; (iii) David Wills, President, National Christian 
Foundation; (iv) Brian Gallagher, President & CEO, United Way 
Worldwide; (v) Roger Colinvaux, Professor, Catholic University 
DC Law School; (vi) Eugene Tempel, Dean of the Indiana 
University School of Philanthropy; (vii) Jan Masaoka, CEO, 
California Association of Nonprofits; (viii) Mark Huddleston, 
President, University of New Hampshire, on behalf of the 
American Council on Education; (ix) Conrad Teitell, Chairman, 
Charitable Planning Group, on behalf of the American Council of 
Gift Annuities; (x) Jake Schrum, President, Southwestern 
University, on behalf of the Council for Advancement and 
Support of Education; (xi) Diana Aviv, President & CEO, 
Independent Sector; (xii) Vinsen Faris, Chairman of the Board 
of Directors, Meals on Wheels; (xiii) Bill Rieth, President & 
CEO, United Way of Elkhart County; (xiv) Jill Michal, President 
& CEO, United Way of Greater Philadelphia and Southern New 
Jersey; (xv) Pamela King Sams, Executive Vice President for 
Development, Children's National Medical Center; (xvi) Nicole 
Busby, Executive Director, the National Association of Free and 
Charitable Clinics; (xvii) Rand Wentworth, President, Land 
Trust Alliance; (xviii) Kim Morgan, CEO, United Way of Western 
Connecticut; (xix) Terry Mazany, President & CEO, The Chicago 
Community Trust; (xx) Brent E. Christopher, President & CEO, 
Communities Foundation of Texas; (xxi) Leslie Osche, Executive 
Director, United Way of Butler County; (xxii) William Daroff, 
Vice President for Public Policy, Jewish Federations of North 
America; (xxiii) Ruth Thomas, Vice President of Finance and 
Administration, SAT-7; (xxiv) John Ashmen, President, American 
Gospel Rescue Missions; (xxv) John Berry, CEO & Executive 
Director, Society of St. Vincent de Paul Georgia; (xxvi) Larry 
Minnix, President & CEO, Leading Age; (xxvii) Scott Ferguson, 
President & CEO, United Way of Chattahoochee Valley; (xxviii) 
LaKisha Bryant, CEO, United Way of Southwest Georgia; (xxix) 
Mike King, President & CEO, Volunteers of America; (xxx) 
Jimalita Tillman, Executive Director, Harold Washington 
Cultural Center; (xxxi) Tim Delaney, President, National 
Council of Nonprofits; (xxxii) Bill Kitson, President & CEO, 
United Way of Greater Cleveland; (xxxiii) Naomi Adler, 
President & CEO, United Way of Westchester and Putnam; (xxxiv) 
Cynthia Gordineer, President & CEO, United Way of Forsyth 
County; (xxxv) Karen Rathke, President & CEO, Heartland United 
Way; (xxxvi) Earle I. Mack, Retired Ambassador of the United 
States to the Republic of Finland; (xxxvii) Andrew Watt, 
President & CEO, Association of Fundraising Professionals; 
(xxxviii) John Palatiello, President, Business Coalition for 
Fair Competition; (xxxix) Tony Ross, President, United Way of 
Pennsylvania; (xl) Lisa Ireland, Executive Director, United Way 
of Orleans County; and (xli) Tory Irgang, Executive Director, 
United Way of Southern Chautauqua County.
    On March 19, 2013, the Committee received testimony on tax 
reform and Federal tax provisions that affect State and local 
governments from (i) Scott Hodge, President, the Tax 
Foundation; (ii) David Parkhurst, Director of Economic 
Development and Commerce Committee, Office of Federal 
Relations, National Governors Association; (iii) Christopher 
Taylor, Former Executive Director, Municipal Securities 
Rulemaking Board, and (iv) John Buckley, Professor of Law, 
Georgetown University Law School Graduate Tax Program.
    On April 25, 2013, the Committee received testimony on tax 
reform and residential real estate from (i) Mark Fleming, Chief 
Economist, CoreLogic; (ii) Eric Toder, Co-Director, Urban-
Brookings Tax Policy Center; (iii) Jane Gravelle, Senior 
Specialist in Economic Policy, Congressional Research Service; 
(iv) Mark Calabria, Director of Financial Regulation Studies, 
Cato Institute; (v) Phillip Swagel, Professor of International 
Economic Policy, University of Maryland School of Public 
Policy; (vi) Gary Thomas, President, National Association of 
Realtors; (vii) Robert Dietz, Assistant Vice President for Tax 
and Policy Issues, National Association of Home Builders; 
(viii) Thomas Moran, Chairman, Moran & Company, appearing on 
behalf of the National Multi Housing Council and the National 
Apartment Association; and (ix) Robert Moss, Senior Vice 
President, Boston Capital, appearing on behalf of the Housing 
Advisory Group.
    On June 13, 2013, the Committee received testimony on tax 
reform, tax havens, base erosion, and profit-shifting from (i) 
Pascal Saint-Amans, Director, Centre for Tax Policy and 
Administration, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and 
Development (OECD); (ii) Edward Kleinbard, Professor of Law, 
University of Southern California Gould School of Law; and 
(iii) Paul Oosterhuis, Partner, Skadden Arps Slate Meager & 
Flom LLP.

b. Hearings Held by the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures

    On March 20, 2013, the Subcommittee received testimony on 
the Ways and Means Financial Products Tax Reform Discussion 
Draft from (i) Viva Hammer, Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, 
Brandeis University; (ii) Steven Rosenthal, Visiting Fellow, 
Tax Policy Center; (iii) David C. Garlock, Director of 
Financial Services, National Tax, Ernst & Young LLP; (iv) 
William M. Paul, Partner, Covington & Burling LLP; and (v) 
Shawn P. Travis, Senior Counsel, Global Tax, The Vanguard 
Group, Inc.
    On May 15, 2013, the Subcommittee received testimony on the 
Ways and Means Small Business and Pass-Through Entity Tax 
Reform Discussion Draft from (i) Roger Harris, President, 
Padgett Business Services; (ii) Willard Taylor, Former Partner, 
Sullivan & Cromwell; (iii) Blake Rubin, Partner, McDermott Will 
& Emery; and (iv) Thomas Nichols, Meissner Tierney Fisher & 
Nichols.

c. Other Tax-Related Hearings (Full Committee, Health Subcommittee, and 
        Oversight Subcommittee)

    Throughout the first session of the 113th Congress, the 
Full Committee--as well as the Health Subcommittee and the 
Oversight Subcommittee--held a number of additional hearings on 
a wide range of topics, many of which addressed, to varying 
degrees, other tax-related issues. The topics of such hearings 
included, but were not limited to, the Administration's 
implementation of the 2010 health care laws and the Internal 
Revenue Service's targeting of U.S. taxpayers and tax-exempt 
organizations based on their personal, political, or 
ideological beliefs. For descriptions of such hearings, see, 
for example, Part IC, section 2 and Part IIB.

                 B. Legislative Review of Trade Issues


    1. BILLS PENDING DURING THE FIRST SESSION OF THE 113TH CONGRESS

a. H.R. 2708, Miscellaneous Tariff Bill

    On March 30, 2012, Chairman Camp, along with Ranking Member 
Levin, then-Trade Subcommittee Chairman Brady, and then-Ranking 
Member McDermott, announced the commencement of the 
Miscellaneous Tariff Bill (MTB) process, inviting Members to 
introduce bills and submit financial disclosures, and 
subsequently commencing a public comment period. The 
independent International Trade Commission reviewed the 
submitted bills and provided reports to the Committee. The 
Department of Commerce, which spearheads the review of the 
submitted bills by the Administration, also reviewed the 
submitted bills and provided reports to the Committee. All of 
these reports were made available on the Committee's website. 
The Committee worked with the Senate Finance Committee to 
prepare the bicameral, bipartisan legislation for floor 
consideration.
    On January 1, 2013, Chairman Camp, Ranking Member Levin, 
then-Chairman Brady, and then-Ranking Member McDermott 
introduced ``The U.S. Job Creation and Manufacturing 
Competitiveness Act of 2013'' (H.R. 6727). The package included 
provisions from more than 2,000 bills introduced in the House 
and Senate that met the requirements of the MTB process.
    Although no further action was taken in the 112th Congress, 
action began on this bill early in the 113th Congress. Members 
who introduced bills in the 112th Congress and wished to have 
their provisions included in the 113th Congress MTB process 
were required to submit 113th Congress Disclosure Forms to 
refresh their disclosure information by April 2, 2013. Members 
were not required to reintroduce their bills in the 113th 
Congress, and no new bills were accepted into the process. The 
Committee required that bills whose sponsors did not return in 
the 113th Congress be adopted by another Member to be 
considered. Sponsoring, cosponsoring, as well as adopting 
Members were required to submit one 113th Congress MTB 
Disclosure Form for each bill they sponsored/cosponsored/
adopted for the bill to be considered in the 113th Congress MTB 
process.
    On July 17, 2013, Chairman Camp, Ranking Member Levin, 
Trade Subcommittee Chairman Nunes, and Trade Subcommittee 
Ranking Member Rangel announced the re-introduction of ``The 
U.S. Job Creation and Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of 
2013'' (H.R. 2708). This bill contains a few modifications and 
technical corrections to the bill introduced in the 112th 
Congress. The Committee continues to work intensively with the 
Senate Finance Committee and House and Senate leadership to 
determine a path forward for this bill.

b. H.R. 2709, Generalized System of Preferences

    On July 17, 2013, Chairman Camp, along with Ranking Member 
Levin, Trade Subcommittee Chairman Nunes, and Trade 
Subcommittee Ranking Member Rangel, introduced H.R. 2709 to 
renew the Generalized System of Preferences program through 
September 2013.

c. H.R. 805, The Nuclear Iran Prevention Act of 2013

    On February 27, 2013, Representative Edward Royce 
introduced H.R. 805, ``The Nuclear Iran Prevention Act of 
2013.'' The bill as introduced included provisions within the 
jurisdiction of the Ways and Means Committee. After extensive 
negotiations, the House Foreign Affairs Committee agreed to 
amend the bill to address the Ways and Means Committee's 
concerns. On July 26, 2013, Chairman Camp exchanged letters 
with House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Royce regarding 
modification of provisions within the jurisdiction of the Ways 
and Means Committee. On July 30, 2013, the House Foreign 
Affairs Committee reported out the bill. On July 31, 2013, the 
House passed H.R. 805, under suspension of the rules, by a vote 
of 400-20.

d. H.R. 1947, The Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 
        2013 (Farm Bill)

    On May 13, 2013, Representative Frank Lucas introduced H.R. 
1947, ``The Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act 
of 2013.'' The bill as introduced included provisions within 
the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means with 
respect to the imposition and collection of tariffs on imports 
of cotton and sugar. On June 14, 2013, Chairman Camp exchanged 
letters with House Agriculture Committee Chairman Lucas 
regarding Ways and Means' jurisdiction of those provisions. On 
May 15, 2013, the House Agriculture Committee reported out the 
bill. On June 20, 2013, the House rejected H.R. 1947 by a vote 
of 195-234. On July 10, 2013, Representative Frank Lucas 
introduced H.R. 2642 ``Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk 
Management Act of 2013,'' which contained the same provisions 
of H.R. 1947 in the Committee's jurisdiction. On July 10, 2013, 
the bill was referred to the House Committee on Agriculture. On 
July 11, 2013, the House passed the bill by a recorded vote of 
216-208. On July 16, 2013, the Senate struck all of the bill 
after the Enacting Clause, substituted the language of S. 954, 
and passed the bill by unanimous consent. On July 18, 2013, the 
Senate insisted on its amendment and requested a conference. On 
August 1, 2013, the Senate appointed conferees. On September 
28, 2013, the House agreed to the Senate amendment with an 
amendment pursuant to H. Res. 361. On October 1, 2013, the 
Senate disagreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment 
by unanimous consent, asked for a conference, and appointed 
conferees. On October 12, 2013, the Speaker appointed Chairman 
Camp, Representative Sam Johnson, and Ranking Member Levin as 
conferees from the Committee for consideration of sections 1207 
and 1301 of the House amendment, sections 1301, 1412, 1435, and 
4204 of the Senate amendment, and modifications committed to 
conference. On October 30, 2013, the Conference was convened.

          2. TRADE POLICY AGENDA AND TRADE PROMOTION AUTHORITY

    On July 18, 2013, the full Committee received testimony 
from Ambassador Michael Froman, the United States Trade 
Representative, on current and future trade issues such as: (1) 
the need for Trade Promotion Authority legislation and its 
importance in furthering the U.S. trade agenda; (2) seeking to 
conclude a successful Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement this 
year; (3) negotiating with the European Union for a 
comprehensive and ambitious trade and investment agreement; (4) 
negotiating a Trade in International Services Agreement that 
increases access for all sectors of our economy; (5) improving 
our important trade relationship with major emerging economies 
like China, India, and Brazil and addressing their trade 
barriers; (6) ensuring appropriate trade enforcement efforts; 
(7) advancing WTO negotiations, including ``post-Doha'' issues 
at the WTO such as Information Technology Agreement (ITA) 
expansion, a trade facilitation agreement, and an agreement for 
trade in environmental goods and services; (8) negotiating 
Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) with China and India and 
exploring new BITs and investment opportunities; and (9) 
establishing long-term, closer ties with important trading 
partners.

             3. THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP NEGOTIATIONS

    On April 24, 2013, the United States Trade Representative 
notified Congress that the Administration intends to include 
Japan in the ongoing negotiations of the Trans-Pacific 
Partnership Agreement.
    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda. Among the current trade issues covered were the 
structure, content, and prospect for the ongoing Trans-Pacific 
Partnership negotiations. Ambassador Michael Froman, United 
States Trade Representative, testified before the Committee on 
the Administration's views on these issues.
    On September 9, 2013, the Committee held a meeting with 
Treasury Secretary Lew and United States Trade Representative 
Ambassador Froman about the Administration's approach to 
currency issues.
    On December 6-11, 2013, the Committee conducted a 
bipartisan staff delegation to Singapore to participate in the 
Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Ministers meeting and to meet 
with officials from Trans-Pacific Partnership countries, and 
U.S. officials.
    Throughout 2013, Committee staff held frequent and 
extensive consultations with USTR and other agencies to discuss 
ongoing progress in the negotiations and to provide Member 
views on the conduct and content of the negotiations.

        4. U.S.-EU TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP NEGOTIATIONS

    On May 16, 2013, the Trade Subcommittee held a hearing on 
the U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Partnership Negotiations. The 
focus of the hearing was on the benefits of expanding U.S.-EU 
trade, including through the negotiation of a trade and 
investment agreement. The hearing focus included: (1) tariff 
barriers to trade; (2) regulatory barriers, including sanitary 
and phytosanitary barriers to U.S. agriculture exports; (3) 
opportunities for regulatory cooperation and coherence; (4) 
services and investment barriers; and (5) ways to strengthen 
cooperation between the United States and the EU with regard to 
third-country issues. The Committee heard testimony from: (i) 
Ambassador Stuart E. Eizenstat, Partner, Covington & Burling 
LLP, on behalf of the Transatlantic Business Coalition; (ii) 
Inga Carus, President & CEO, Carus Corporation; (iii) James 
Grueff, Principal, Decision Leaders; and (iv) Greg Slater, 
Director, Global Trade and Competition Policy, Intel 
Corporation, on behalf of the Business Coalition for 
Transatlantic Trade and the Coalition of Services Industries.
    Throughout 2013, Committee staff held frequent and 
extensive consultations with USTR and other agencies to discuss 
ongoing progress in the negotiations and to provide Member 
views on the conduct and content of the negotiations.

           5. TRADE IN SERVICES AGREEMENT (TISA) NEGOTIATIONS

    On January 15, 2013, Congress received notification from 
the U.S. Trade Representative of the Administration's intent to 
enter into negotiations for an ambitious agreement on 
international trade in services (TISA) on a plurilateral basis 
with the WTO Members comprising the Really Good Friends of 
Services--WTO Members that are willing and able to agree to a 
high-standard agreement. On July 25, the Committee received 
notification from the U.S. Trade Representative of the 
Administration's intent to join a consensus among TISA 
participants to invite Paraguay and Liechtenstein to join the 
TISA negotiations. Both of these steps followed intensive 
consultations between the Committee and the Office of the U.S. 
Trade Representative.
    The Committee has also engaged in frequent staff 
consultations with USTR to discuss ongoing progress in the 
negotiations and to provide Member views on the conduct and 
content of the negotiations.

                 6. OTHER BILATERAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

China

    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda with Ambassador Michael Froman, United States 
Trade Representative. The hearing included discussion of the 
full range of issues impeding American companies from selling 
U.S. goods and services in China and distorting trade flows 
through unfair trade practices. The hearing also included 
discussion on both the significant opportunities presented by 
the Chinese market as well as the barriers that U.S. companies, 
farmers, and workers continue to face. The hearing explored the 
Administration's plans to address China's persistent barriers 
to trade and investment and prospects for a Bilateral 
Investment Treaty.
    On September 9, 2013, the Committee held a meeting with 
Treasury Secretary Lew and Ambassador Froman about the 
Administration's approach to currency issues.

India

    On March 13, 2013, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing 
on current U.S.-India trade issues such as: (1) deepening and 
expanding the long-term trade and investment relationship with 
India; (2) completing a Bilateral Investment Treaty, addressing 
investment caps, and exploring new investment opportunities; 
(3) addressing agricultural market access barriers; (4) 
evaluating India's National Manufacturing Policy and other 
forced localization policies including the Preferential Market 
Access (PMA) on information technology products; (5) ensuring 
the protection of intellectual property rights; (6) addressing 
the issuance of compulsory licenses, patent revocations, and 
other policies on pharmaceuticals; (7) examining India's system 
of cascading tariffs, taxes, and other import charges; and (8) 
advancing WTO negotiations, including ``post-Doha'' issues such 
as an international services agreement, Information Technology 
Agreement expansion, and a trade facilitation agreement in 
partnership with India. The Subcommittee received testimony 
from: (i) Dan Twining, Senior Fellow for Asia, German Marshall 
Fund of the United States; (ii) Arvind Subramanian, Senior 
Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics, and the 
Center for Global Development; (iii) Allen F. Johnson, 
Ambassador, Founder, Allen F. Johnson & Associates, and Former 
Chief Agricultural Negotiator, Office of the United States 
Trade Representative; (iv) Dean Garfield, President & CEO, 
Information Technology Industry Council; and (v) Roy Waldron, 
Senior Vice President and Chief Intellectual Property Counsel, 
Pfizer.

Brazil

    On June 12, 2013, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing 
on the growing trade and investment relationship between the 
United States and Brazil, the challenges facing U.S. job 
creators in this vibrant and dynamic market, and how to 
maximize constructive bilateral engagement--including adequate 
parliamentary involvement and oversight--regarding these 
opportunities and challenges.
    The Subcommittee received testimony on current U.S.-Brazil 
trade and investment issues in order to analyze whether they 
prove ripe for inclusion in an expanded and more constructive 
bilateral trade and investment agenda, including (1) deepening 
and expanding the long-term trade and investment relationship 
with Brazil; (2) the strengths and weaknesses of existing 
bilateral forums for engagement on trade and investment policy; 
(3) evaluating Brazil's industrial policy, including its high 
industrial tariffs, local content rules, and forced 
localization practices; (4) concerns regarding barriers to 
bilateral agricultural and ethanol trade; (5) mutually 
beneficial opportunities to lower barriers to U.S. services 
trade, especially in Brazil's large energy and infrastructure 
sector; (6) potential collaboration on innovation and 
intellectual property rights, to facilitate more high-tech 
trade; (7) simplification of Brazil's cumbersome border and 
behind-the-border regulatory measures; (8) Brazil's use of the 
U.S. Generalized System of Preferences, of which Brazil is the 
third-largest beneficiary; (9) engagement within multilateral 
forums such as the World Trade Organization; and (10) 
collaboration on third-country policies that present 
opportunities and challenges for both the United States and 
Brazil. The Subcommittee received testimony from: (i) Thomas F. 
McLarty III, Chairman, McLarty Associates; (ii) Andres R. 
Gluski, Chief Executive Officer, AES Corporation; (iii) Doug 
Hundt, President of Underground Solutions, Vermeer Corporation; 
and (iv) Roberto Marques, Company Group Chairman, Johnson & 
Johnson Consumer Companies of North America.
    During the hearing, Trade Subcommittee Chairman Nunes 
stated his intent to introduce legislation to improve the U.S.-
Brazil bilateral engagement on trade and other strategic 
economic issues. Following up on the hearing, the Committee has 
engaged in discussions within Congress and with the 
Administration, Brazilian public officials, and the private 
sector in both countries, in preparation for introduction of a 
bill. These discussions included hosting a bilateral dialogue 
between Subcommittee Members and the Brazilian Embassy, as well 
as with a delegation of leading Brazilian Parliamentarians on 
September 10, 2013.

Japan

    On April 24, 2013, the United States Trade Representative 
notified Congress that the Administration intends to include 
Japan in the ongoing negotiations of the Trans-Pacific 
Partnership Agreement.
    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda and received testimony from Ambassador Michael 
Froman, United States Trade Representative. Among the current 
trade issues covered was Japan's participation in the TPP.
    On September 9, 2013, the Committee held a meeting with 
Treasury Secretary Lew and United States Trade Representative 
Ambassador Froman about the Administration's approach to 
currency issues, including with respect to Japan.
    On December 6-11, 2013, the Committee conducted a 
bipartisan staff delegation to Singapore to participate in the 
Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Ministers meeting and to meet 
with officials from Trans-Pacific Partnership countries, and 
U.S. officials.
    Throughout 2013, Committee staff held extensive 
consultations with USTR and other agencies to discuss ongoing 
progress in the negotiations with Japan and to provide Member 
views on the conduct and content of the negotiations.

Ecuador

    The Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) expired on July 31, 
2013. The Committee has taken no legislative action to renew 
that preference program, of which Ecuador was the sole 
beneficiary at the time of expiration.

                      7. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda with Ambassador Michael Froman, United States 
Trade Representative. Among the current trade issues covered 
was the importance of the WTO to the multilateral trading 
system and the negotiation of agreements on Trade Facilitation 
and the expansion of the Information Technology Agreement.
    On December 3-6, 2013, the Committee conducted a bipartisan 
staff delegation to Bali, Indonesia to participate in the Ninth 
WTO Ministerial and to meet with officials from WTO countries, 
and U.S. officials.

                             8. ENFORCEMENT

    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda with Ambassador Michael Froman, United States 
Trade Representative. Among the current trade issues covered 
were enforcement activities and efforts to strengthen trade 
enforcement efforts.
    On September 9, 2013, the Committee held a meeting with 
Treasury Secretary Lew and United States Trade Representative 
Ambassador Froman about the Administration's approach to 
currency issues.

                       9. CUSTOMS REAUTHORIZATION

    On December 17, 2012, then-Trade Subcommittee Chairman 
Kevin Brady introduced H.R. 6642, the ``Customs Trade 
Facilitation and Enforcement Act of 2012,'' to address 
streamlining, facilitating, and modernizing Customs functions, 
as well as improving enforcement of U.S. laws, including 
antidumping and countervailing duty laws, through the inclusion 
of H.R. 5708 (Representative Boustany). On December 13, 2012, 
Ranking Member Sander Levin and then-Trade Subcommittee Ranking 
Member Jim McDermott introduced H.R. 6656. The Committee 
received comments on these bills from numerous stakeholders and 
is considering potential changes to reflect these comments, as 
appropriate. On January 4, 2013, Representative Charles 
Boustany reintroduced his bill in the 113th Congress, H.R. 166, 
to prevent the evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty 
orders.

                 C. Legislative Review of Health Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

H.R. 475, To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to include 
        vaccines against seasonal influenza within the definition of 
        taxable vaccines. (P.L. 113-15)

    On February 4, 2013, Representative Jim Gerlach introduced 
H.R. 475, a bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to 
include vaccines against seasonal influenza within the 
definition of taxable vaccines. On June 18, 2013, the House 
passed the bill under suspension of the rules by voice vote. On 
June 19, 2013, the Senate passed the bill without amendment by 
voice vote. On June 25, 2013, the President signed the bill 
into law.
    H.R. 475 modified the excise tax that funds the National 
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program to cover any FDA-approved 
and CDC-recommended vaccine against seasonal influenza. Under 
prior law, with respect to flu vaccines, the excise tax applied 
only to any trivalent (i.e., three-strain) vaccine against 
influenza.

           2. HEALTH CARE PROPOSALS DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

a. H.R. 45, Repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 
        and Health Care-related Provisions in the Health Care and 
        Education Reconciliation Act of 2010

    On January 3, 2013, Representative Michele Bachmann 
introduced H.R. 45, a bill to repeal the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act and health care-related provisions in the 
Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. On May 
16, 2013, the House passed the bill, as amended, under a rule 
by a vote of 229-195. As of December 20, 2013, the Senate had 
not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 45 would repeal the Patient 
Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-148) and 
the health care provisions of the Health Care and Education 
Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152), including the tax 
provisions contained in those two laws.

b. H.R. 2009, Keep the IRS Off Your Health Care Act of 2013

    On May 16, 2013, Representative Tom Price and 30 cosponsors 
introduced H.R. 2009, a bill to prohibit the Department of the 
Treasury from implementing or enforcing the Patient Protection 
and Affordable Care Act or the Health Care and Education 
Reconciliation Act of 2010. On August 2, 2013, the House passed 
the bill under a rule by a vote of 232-185. As of December 20, 
2013, the Senate had not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2009 would prohibit the 
Secretary of the Treasury, or any delegate of the Secretary, 
from implementing or enforcing any provisions of or amendments 
made by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 
111-148) or the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 
2010 (P.L. 111-152).

c. H.R. 2667, Authority for Mandate Delay Act

    On July 11, 2013, Representative Tim Griffin--along with 
Chairman Camp and 22 other cosponsors--introduced H.R. 2667, a 
bill to delay until 2015 the application of the employer 
mandate and related reporting requirements enacted as part of 
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. On July 
2, 2013, the Department of the Treasury had announced that the 
employer mandate and the related reporting requirements would 
not be enforced until 2015. On July 17, 2013, the House passed 
the bill under a rule by a vote of 264-161. Pursuant to the 
rule (H. Res. 300), in the engrossment of H.R. 2668, the text 
of H.R. 2667 was added to the end of H.R. 2668, and H.R. 2667 
was laid on the table. For further information on H.R. 2668, 
see section 2f.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2667 would effectively codify 
the Administration's July 2, 2013, announcement delaying until 
2015 the enforcement of the employer mandate and related 
reporting requirements enacted under the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-148).

d. H.R. 2668, Fairness for American Families Act

    On July 11, 2013, Representative Todd Young--along with 
Chairman Camp and 22 other cosponsors--introduced H.R. 2668, a 
bill to delay until 2015 the application of the individual 
mandate enacted as part of the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010. On July 17, 2013, the House passed 
the bill, as amended, under a rule by a vote of 251-174. As of 
December 20, 2013, the Senate had not yet taken up the 
legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 2668 would delay until 2015 
the application of the individual mandate enacted as part of 
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 
111-148), which generally requires an individual to maintain 
minimum essential health insurance coverage or pay a tax. 
Pursuant to the rule (H. Res. 300), in the engrossment of H.R. 
2668, the text of H.R. 2667 was added to the end of H.R. 2668, 
and H.R. 2667 was laid on the table. Thus, as passed by the 
House, H.R. 2668 would also effectively codify the 
Administration's July 2, 2013, announcement delaying until 2015 
the enforcement of the employer mandate and related reporting 
requirements enacted under the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010. For further information on H.R. 
2667, see section 2f.

e. H.R. 3350, Keep Your Health Plan Act of 2013

    On October 28, 2013, Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman 
Fred Upton--along with 29 cosponsors--introduced H.R. 3350, a 
bill to permit health insurance issuers to continue to offer 
for sale during 2014 current individual health insurance 
coverage in satisfaction of the requirements of the individual 
mandate established under the Patient Protection and Affordable 
Care Act of 2010. On November 15, 2013, the House passed the 
bill under a rule by a vote of 261-157. As of December 20, 
2013, the Senate had not yet taken up the legislation.
    As passed by the House, H.R. 3350 would allow health 
insurance issuers that have in effect health insurance coverage 
in the individual market as of January 1, 2013, to continue 
offering such coverage for sale during 2014 outside of a health 
care exchange established under the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-148). The legislation 
would treat such coverage as a grandfathered health plan for 
purposes of satisfying that law's individual mandate, which 
generally requires an individual to maintain minimum essential 
health insurance coverage or pay a tax.

      2. HEALTH CARE AND OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

Subcommittee Hearings

    On February 26, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on the current Medicare benefit design and ways to 
improve it from (i) Glen M. Hackbarth, Chairman, Medicare 
Payment Advisory Commission; (ii) A. Mark Fendrick, M.D., 
Director, University of Michigan Center for Value-Based 
Insurance Design; and (iii) Tricia Neuman, Senior Vice 
President and Director, Kaiser Program on Medicare Policy, 
Kaiser Family Foundation.
    On March 15, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on MedPAC's March 2013 Report to the Congress on 
Medicare payment policies from (i) Glen M. Hackbarth, Chairman, 
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission.
    On May 7, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on physician and other stakeholder input on how best 
to reform the Medicare physician payment system from (i) David 
Hoyt, MD, Executive Director, American College of Surgeons; 
(ii) Kim Allan Williams, MD, Past President, American Society 
of Nuclear Cardiology; (iii) Charles Cutler, MD, Chair, Board 
of Regents, American College of Physicians; (iv) Frank G. 
Opelka, MD, Vice-Chair, Consensus Standards Approval Committee, 
National Quality Forum; and (v) Patrick Courneya, MD, Medical 
Director, HealthPartners Health Plan.
    On May 21, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on policies that modify beneficiary cost-sharing 
within the Medicare program from (i) Joseph R. Antos, Ph.D., 
Wilson H. Taylor, Scholar in Health Care and Retirement Policy, 
American Enterprise Institute; (iii) Alice M. Rivlin, Ph.D., 
Senior Fellow, Economic Studies, Brookings; and (iv) Joe Baker, 
President, Medicare Rights Center.
    On June 14, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on proposals to reform post-acute care under the 
Medicare program from (i) Jonathan Blum, Deputy Administrator 
and Director, Center of Medicare, Centers for Medicare and 
Medicaid Services; and (ii) Mark Miller, Executive Director, 
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission.

            D. Legislative Review of Human Resources Issues


         1. HUMAN RESOURCES PROPOSALS DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

a. H.R. 890, the Preserving the Welfare Work Requirement and TANF 
        Extension Act of 2013

    On February 28, 2013, the Committee on Ways and Means 
Chairman, Dave Camp, along with 23 cosponsors introduced H.R. 
890, the ``Preserving Work Requirements for Welfare Programs 
Act of 2013.'' On March 6, 2013, the Committee marked up the 
bill and ordered it favorably reported without amendment by 
voice vote, and the report (H. Rept. 113-13, Part I) was filed 
on March 11, 2013, the same day the Committee on Education and 
the Workforce discharged the bill. The bill, as renamed, the 
``Preserving the Welfare Work Requirement and TANF Extension 
Act of 2013,'' passed the House by a vote of 246 to 181 (Roll 
no. 68). On March 14, 2013, H.R. 890 was received in the 
Senate, read twice, and referred to the Committee on Finance.
    This bill prohibits the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services (HHS) from finalizing, implementing, enforcing, or 
otherwise taking any action to give effect to the Information 
Memorandum dated July 12, 2012 which allows States to request 
waivers of work participation rate requirements in the 
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. 
Specifically, the bill prohibits the Secretary from 
authorizing, approving, modifying, or extending any 
experimental, pilot, or demonstration project under the Social 
Security Act that: (1) waives compliance with mandatory 
participation rate work requirements of the TANF program, or 
(2) authorizes an expenditure not otherwise allowed in TANF 
with respect to compliance with work requirements. The bill 
would also rescind and nullify any waiver of work participation 
rate requirements granted before the enactment of this Act. 
Additionally, the bill extends TANF through December 31, 2013.

b. H.R. 1896, the International Child Support Recovery Improvement Act

    On May 8, 2013, Human Resources Subcommittee Chairman David 
Reichert, along with eight cosponsors, introduced H.R. 1896, 
the ``International Child Support Recovery Improvement Act,'' 
which was referred to the House Committees on Ways and Means, 
Budget and Judiciary. On June 18, 2013, the House voted to 
suspend the rules and agreed to the bill by a vote of 394-27. 
H.R. 1896 was received in the Senate, read twice, and referred 
to the Committee on Finance on June 19, 2013. The 
``International Child Support Recovery Improvement Act of 
2012'' amends Part D of Title IV of the Social Security Act 
(SSA) to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services 
(HHS) to use the authorities otherwise provided by law to 
ensure U.S. compliance with any multilateral child support 
convention to which the United States is a party. It also 
authorizes access to the Federal Parent Locator Service (FPLS) 
by an entity designated as a Central Authority for child 
support enforcement in a foreign reciprocating country or a 
foreign treaty country (for which the 2007 Family Maintenance 
Convention is in force) so that foreign reciprocating countries 
will be notified of the State of residence of individuals 
sought for child support enforcement.
    The bill directs the Secretary of HHS to designate: (1) a 
nonproprietary and interoperable data exchange standard for any 
category of information required to be reported under Part D of 
Title IV of the SSA, and (2) data exchange standards to govern 
reporting of such data. It increases from 24 to 48 months the 
length of time information entered into the database maintained 
by the National Directory of New Hires shall remain accessible 
before being deleted. Finally, the bill revises the authority 
of the Secretary of HHS to provide access to data in each 
component of the FPLS and to information reported by employers 
for certain research purposes. It limits such research to any 
undertaken by a State or Federal agency that is likely to 
contribute to achieving the purposes of Part A of Title IV of 
the SSA (i.e. TANF) or of Part D of Title IV of the SSA.

c. H.R. 3205, the Promoting Adoption and Legal Guardianship for 
        Children in Foster Care Act

    On September 27, 2013, the Committee on Ways and Means 
Chairman Dave Camp, Ranking Member Sandy Levin, Human Resources 
Subcommittee Chairman Dave Reichert, and Human Resources 
Subcommittee Ranking Member Lloyd Doggett, along with ten other 
cosponsors introduced H.R. 3205, the ``Promoting Adoption and 
Legal Guardianship for Children in Foster Care Act.'' On 
October 22, 2013, the House voted to suspend the rules and 
passed the bill by a vote of 402 to 0. H.R. 3205 was received 
in the Senate, read twice, and referred to the Committee on 
Finance on October 28, 2013.
    The bill reauthorizes the Adoption Incentives program for 
three years (FY 2014 through FY 2016), revises program awards 
over that three-year period to focus on increasing adoption 
rates instead of the raw number of adoptions (ensuring States 
receive awards even as foster care caseloads continue to 
decline), and focuses more resources on increasing adoptions of 
older children. The bill also creates a new award category for 
increases in the rate of children leaving foster care for legal 
guardianship and allows States to spend incentive funds over 
three years instead of two.
    This legislation would require States to improve their 
reporting of State savings in the wake of changes made in 2008 
that increased Federal funding of adoption assistance, and it 
ensures a portion of these savings is invested in services to 
support families after adoptions have been finalized. The bill 
also clarifies the treatment of successor guardians under the 
new Guardianship Assistance Program, guaranteeing children can 
continue to be cared for by another legal guardian if a 
relative guardian passes away or is incapacitated.
    This bill would also extend for three years the Family 
Connection Grants program that is focused on helping children 
in foster care reconnect with family members. To offset the 
cost of this extension, the bill requires States to offset 
Federal income tax refunds to recover Unemployment Insurance 
overpayments that are the fault of the claimant. Through the 
combination of these provisions, the legislation is expected to 
reduce the deficit over 10 years by $24 million.

          2. HUMAN RESOURCES ISSUES DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

a. Unemployment Insurance Issues

    On April 16, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on the implementation of reforms to 
unemployment benefits enacted in P.L. 112-96, the ``Middle 
Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act,'' from: (i) Bill Starks, 
Director, Unemployment Insurance Division, Utah Department of 
Workforce Services; (ii) The Honorable Tommy Williams, Texas 
State Senate, District 4; (iii) Rich Hobbie, Executive 
Director, National Association of State Workforce Agencies; 
(iv) Larry Kidd, Principal/CEO, Reliable Staffing Services and 
RSS Professional, LLC; and (v) Judy Conti, Federal Advocacy 
Coordinator, National Employment Law Project.
    On September 11, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on possible measures to improve the 
integrity of the UI program, including H.R. 2826, the 
``Permanently Ending Receipt by Prisoners (PERP) Act'' from: 
(i) Julia Hearthway, Secretary of Labor and Industry, 
Pennsylvania; (ii) Scott Sanders, Commissioner, Department of 
Workforce Development, Indiana; (iii) Doug Holmes, President, 
UWC--Strategic Services on Unemployment & Workers' 
Compensation; (iv) Valerie Melvin, Director, Information 
Management and Technology Resources Issues, U.S. Government 
Accountability Office (GAO); and (v) Sharon Dietrich, Managing 
Attorney, Community Legal Services.

b. Welfare Reform Issues

    On February 28, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on HHS' proposed waivers of TANF work 
participation rate requirements from: (i) The Honorable Orrin 
G. Hatch, U.S. Senator from the State of Utah; (ii) Kay E. 
Brown, Director, Education, Workforce, and Income Security, 
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO); (iii) Jason 
Turner, Executive Director, Secretary's Innovation Group; (iv) 
Elizabeth Lower-Basch, Policy Coordinator and Senior Policy 
Analyst, Center for Law and Social Policy; and (v) Douglas 
Besharov, Professor, School of Public Policy, University of 
Maryland. Witnesses discussed the role of work requirements in 
welfare programs and the importance of ensuring welfare 
recipients receive help in finding employment so they can move 
up the economic ladder.
    On June 18, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on current programs designed to assist low-
income individuals and families, how they can create 
disincentives to increasing earnings, and how they often fail 
to address factors that caused individuals to seek assistance 
in the first place from: (i) Jeffrey Kling, Ph.D., Associate 
Director for Economic Analysis, Congressional Budget Office; 
(ii) Lawrence M. Mead, Ph.D., Professor, Department of 
Politics, New York University; (iii) Jennifer Tiller, DC 
Director, America Works and Sada Randolph, former America Works 
client; (iv) Casey Mulligan, Ph.D., Professor, Department of 
Economics, University of Chicago; and (v) Eric Rodriguez, Vice 
President, Office of Research, Advocacy, and Legislation, 
National Council of La Raza. Witnesses focused on the 
importance of coordinating benefits for low-income families so 
that they better support, encourage, and reward work.
    On July 17, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on what is known about the effectiveness of 
current programs designed to assist low-income families and 
individuals, how Congress can ensure more social programs are 
rigorously evaluated to determine their impact, and how high-
quality evidence can best be used to inform the design of 
social programs at the level from: (i) Jon Baron, President, 
Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy; (ii) Kristen Cox, 
Executive Director, Utah Governor's Office of Management and 
Budget; (iii) Steve Aos, Director, Washington State Institute 
for Public Policy; (iv) David B. Muhlhausen, Ph.D., Research 
Fellow, Empirical Policy Analysis, The Heritage Foundation; and 
(v) Tara Smith, Research Associate, Ray Marshall Center, Lyndon 
B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas. 
Witnesses discussed how little evidence exists about the 
effects of some policies to assist low-income families and how 
a rigorous, data-driven approach is needed to focus Federal 
spending on those programs that have been shown to be most 
effective.
    On July 31, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on how States have used flexibility in the 
past to improve services for low-income families and 
individuals, and how current safety net programs can be better 
coordinated to provide more effective assistance to those in 
need from: (i) Eloise Anderson, Secretary, Wisconsin Department 
of Children and Families; (ii) Clarence Carter, Director, 
Arizona Department of Economic Security; (iii) Michelle 
Saddler, Secretary, Illinois Department of Human Services; and 
(iv) Larry Woods, Chief Executive Officer, Housing Authority of 
Winston-Salem. Witnesses discussed the importance of 
administrative flexibility in coordinating low-income benefits 
and how this flexibility can allow officials at the State and 
local level to deliver benefits more effectively.

c. Child Welfare Issues

    On February 27, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on successful efforts to increase adoptions 
of children from foster care. Leaders of several private 
organizations who have achieved significant success testified 
about their programs, as well as their views on reauthorizing 
the Adoption Incentives program. Individuals testifying 
included: (i) Rita Soronen, President and CEO, Dave Thomas 
Foundation for Adoption; (ii) Kelly Rosati, Vice President of 
Community Outreach, Focus on the Family; (iii) Pat O'Brien, 
Executive Director, You Gotta Believe!; and (iv) Nicole 
Dobbins, Executive Director, Voice for Adoption. Witnesses 
spoke about the importance of encouraging adoptions of older 
children and shared their experiences in facilitating adoptions 
of older youth.
    On May 9, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on policies and practices that limit 
opportunities for foster youth and heard about recent State 
efforts to allow foster parents and foster youth to make 
reasonable decisions about the youth's participation in 
everyday events and activities from: (i) The Honorable Nancy 
Detert, Florida Senate Senator, District 28; (ii) Talitha 
James, Foster Youth Fellow, Kidsave; (iii) Irene Clements, 
President, National Foster Parent Association; (iv) David 
Wilkins, Secretary, Florida Department of Children and Families 
and Tanya Wilkins, Advocate for Foster Care and Adoption, 
Governor's Office of Adoption and Child Protection; and (v) 
Lynn Tiede, Senior Associate Director for Policy, Jim Casey 
Youth Opportunities Initiative. Witnesses discussed ways in 
which States have provided foster parents with more authority 
to make day-to-day decisions for youth in their care and how 
State policies might be changed to improve the lives of youth 
in foster care.
    On October 23, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on how the child welfare system currently 
works to prevent the sex trafficking of youth in foster care, 
how the needs of sex trafficking victims are addressed, and how 
Federal laws and policies might be improved to better ensure 
the safety and well-being of youth at risk of abuse and neglect 
from: (i) The Honorable Erik Paulsen, U.S. Representative from 
the State of Minnesota; (ii) The Honorable Louise Slaughter, 
U.S. Representative from the State of New York; (iii) The 
Honorable Ted Poe, U.S. Representative from the State of Texas; 
(iv) The Honorable Karen Bass, U.S. Representative from the 
State of California; (v) The Honorable Orrin G. Hatch, U.S. 
Senator from the State of Utah; (vi) Withelma ``T'' Ortiz 
Walker Pettigrew, Board Member, Human Rights Project for Girls; 
(vii) John Ryan, CEO, National Center for Missing and Exploited 
Children; (viii) The Honorable Bobbe J. Bridge, President, CEO 
and Founder, Center for Children and Youth Justice; (ix) 
Melinda Giovengo, Ph.D., Executive Director, YouthCare; and (x) 
Ashley Harris, Child Welfare Policy Associate, Texans Care For 
Children. Witnesses discussed the importance of collecting 
better data on victims of sex trafficking and ensuring that 
instances of sex trafficking are reported to law enforcement. 
Witnesses also discussed how child welfare policies might be 
changed to reduce the likelihood that youth in foster care will 
become victims of sex trafficking.

            E. Legislative Review of Social Security Issues


       1. PROTECTING THE PRIVACY OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER ISSUES

    On July 18, 2013, Subcommittee Chairman Johnson, along with 
Ranking Member Xavier Becerra (D-CA) and 22 cosponsors, 
introduced H.R. 2720, ``The Alexis Agin Identity Theft 
Protection Act of 2013.'' The legislation would end the public 
sale and access of Social Security's Death Master File (DMF). 
Currently, the Social Security Administration (SSA) collects 
death information to administer its programs. Deceased 
individuals' Social Security Numbers (SSNs), names and date of 
death have been available for purchase from the Commerce 
Department since 1980, as required under a Freedom of 
Information Act court case settlement. Criminals are able to 
use the DMF as a resource to steal the identities of deceased 
individuals. One common scheme involves using the SSNs of dead 
children to claim them as dependents on fraudulent tax returns. 
The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration reported 
105,000 returns using the identities of deceased individuals 
were paid in tax year 2010, resulting in $415 million in 
illegal refunds. The President's fiscal year 2014 budget, the 
National Taxpayer Advocate at the IRS, and the SSA Inspector 
General have all called for the public release of current DMF 
data to cease. On December 12, 2013, the House passed H.J. Res. 
59, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, including a provision to 
restrict access to the DMF. This provision creates a program 
under which the Secretary of Commerce restricts access to 
information contained on the DMF for a three-year period 
beginning on the date of an individual's death--except to 
persons who are certified under the program to access such 
information sooner. A penalty of $1,000 is imposed for each 
improper disclosure or misuse of information obtained from the 
DMF, up to a maximum of $250,000 per person per calendar year. 
The Secretary is required to establish and collect user fees 
sufficient to recover all costs associated with the 
certification program. This proposal will save $786 over the 
next ten years, including $517 million in increased revenues 
attributable to preventing payment of fraudulently claimed tax 
refunds. For more information on this legislation please see 
section below on Legislative Review of Multi-Jurisdictional 
Issues, b. H.J. Res. 59, Joint Resolution Making Continuing 
Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2014 (later renamed the 
``Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013'').

                  F. Legislative Review of Debt Issues


                       1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW

H.R. 325, No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 (Public Law No: 113-3)

    On January 21, 2013 the Committee on Ways and Means 
Chairman, Dave Camp along with the Committee on House 
Administration Chairman Candice Miller introduced H.R. 325 ``No 
Budget, No Pay Act of 2013,'' and it was referred to the 
Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee 
on House Administration. On January 23, 2013 the bill was 
agreed to in the House by recorded vote: 285-144 (Roll no. 30). 
On January 31, 2013 the Senate passed H.R. 325 without 
amendment by yea nay vote: 64-34 (Record Vote Number: 11). On 
February 4, 2013, the bill was presented to the President and 
signed into law.
    No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013--suspends through May 18, 
2013, the current $16.394 trillion public debt limit. It also 
makes a special rule relating to obligations issued during the 
suspension period.
    Under the No Budget, No Pay Act, effective May 19, 2013, 
the public debt limit, automatically increases but only to the 
extent that: (1) the face amount of obligations issued and the 
face amount of obligations whose principal and interest are 
guaranteed by the federal government (except guaranteed 
obligations held by the Secretary of the Treasury) outstanding 
on May 19, 2013, exceeds (2) the face amount of such 
obligations outstanding on the date of enactment of this Act.
    It prohibits an obligation from being taken into account 
unless its issuance was necessary to fund a commitment incurred 
by the federal government that required payment before May 19, 
2013.
    It requires the appropriate payroll administrator of each 
house of Congress to deposit in an escrow account all mandatory 
payments for compensation of Members of Congress serving in 
that house if by April 15, 2013, that house has not agreed to a 
concurrent budget resolution for FY2014. Requires release to 
those Members of such payments after April 16, 2013, only upon 
the earlier of: (1) the day on which that house agrees to a 
concurrent budget resolution for FY2014, or (2) the last day of 
the 113th Congress.

                         2. OTHER DEBT MATTERS

H.J. Res. 99, Relating to the disapproval of the President's exercise 
        of authority to suspend the debt limit, as submitted under 
        section 1002(b) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 on 
        October 17, 2013. (Public Law No. 113-46)

    On October 28, 2013, Congressman Todd Young introduced H.J. 
Res. 99, relating to the disapproval of the President's 
exercise of authority to suspend the debt limit, as submitted 
under section 1002(b) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 
2014 on October 17, 2013. On October 30, 2013, the House passed 
the bill by the Yeas and Nays: 222-191 (Roll no. 570). On 
October 31, 2013, the resolution was received in the Senate, 
read twice and placed on the Senate Legislative Calendar under 
General Orders (Calendar No. 232), pursuant to section 1002 of 
Public Law No. 113-46. See Part IF, section 1a.

             3. OTHER DEBT MATTERS--FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS

    On January 22, 2013, the full Committee received testimony 
on the history of the debt limit, how past Congresses and 
Presidents have negotiated and raised the limit, and whether 
the Constitution provides options to the Executive Branch when 
the debt limit is reached from (i) Lee Casey, Partner, Baker 
Hostetler; (ii) G. William Hoagland, Senior Vice President, the 
Bipartisan Policy Center; (iii) J.D. Foster, Norman B. Ture 
Senior Fellow in the Economics of Fiscal Policy, The Heritage 
Foundation; and (iv) Simon Johnson, Ph.D., Ronald A. Kurtz 
Professor of Entrepreneurship, Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology.

          G. Legislative Review of Multi-Jurisdictional Issues


          1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

a. The ``Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014'' (P.L. 113-46)

    On July 22, 2013, Representative Diane Black introduced 
H.R. 2775, a bill to condition the provision of exchange 
subsidies and cost-sharing subsidies under the Patient 
Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 upon a certification 
that a program to verify household income and other 
qualifications for such subsidies is operational. On September 
12, 2013, the House passed the bill, as amended, under a rule 
by a vote of 235-191. On October 16, 2013, the Senate passed 
the bill with a further amendment by a vote of 81-18, as well 
as an amendment to the title, which passed by unanimous 
consent. Later on October 16, 2013, the House passed, pursuant 
to a previous special order, a motion to agree to the Senate 
amendments by a vote of 285-144. On October 17, 2013, the 
amended version of H.R. 2775 was enacted into law. For prior 
legislative action on a related joint resolution (H.J. Res. 
59), see section 1b.
    As originally passed by the House, H.R. 2775 (then entitled 
the ``No Subsidies Without Verification Act'') would have 
provided that, notwithstanding any other provision of law, no 
exchange subsidies or cost-sharing subsidies enacted under the 
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-
148) could be provided prior to a certification by the 
Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human 
Services that a program is in place that successfully and 
consistently verifies the household income and coverage 
requirements of individuals applying for such subsidies prior 
to them being made available. As amended by the Senate and 
ultimately enacted into law, H.R. 2775, which was renamed the 
``Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014,'' required that, 
notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of 
Health and Human Services (HHS) shall ensure that health care 
exchanges verify that individuals applying for exchange 
subsidies or cost-sharing subsidies are eligible for such 
subsidies and that, prior to making such subsidies available, 
the HHS Secretary shall certify to Congress that the exchanges 
verify such eligibility. Additionally, the Senate amendment 
made continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2014 through 
January 15, 2014. In addition, the Senate amendment provided 
that the President may, within three days after enactment, 
certify to Congress that absent a suspension of the public debt 
limit, the Secretary of the Treasury would be unable to issue 
debt to meet existing commitments. The debt limit is suspended 
for the period beginning on the date on which the President 
submits to Congress such a certification and ending on February 
7, 2014. The debt limit, effective February 8, 2014, is 
increased to the extent that: the face amount of public debt 
obligations and those whose principal and interest are 
guaranteed by the U.S. government (except guaranteed 
obligations held by the Secretary of the Treasury) outstanding 
on such date exceeds the face amount of such obligations 
outstanding on the date of enactment of this Act.
    However, the debt limit is not suspended unless the 
issuance was necessary to fund a commitment incurred that 
required payment before February 8, 2014. Finally, it 
established procedures for congressional disapproval, by 
enactment of a joint resolution, by way of expedited procedures 
within 22 days after receipt of a certification by the 
President, of the exercise of authority to suspend the debt 
limit under this Act. For further information on a related 
joint resolution of disapproval (H.J. Res. 99), see Part IE, 
section 2.

b. H.J. Res. 59, Joint Resolution Making Continuing Appropriations for 
        Fiscal Year 2014 (later renamed the ``Bipartisan Budget Act of 
        2013'')

    On September 10, 2013, House Appropriations Committee 
Chairman Harold Rogers introduced H.J. Res. 59, a joint 
resolution making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 
2014. On September 20, 2013, the House passed the joint 
resolution, as amended, for the first time under a rule by a 
vote of 230-189. On September 27, 2013, the Senate passed the 
joint resolution with an amendment by a vote of 54-44. On 
September 29, 2013, the House approved, under a rule (H. Res. 
366), a motion to agree to the Senate amendment with two 
additional amendments. Pursuant to that rule, the adoption of 
the proposed House amendments was divided into two separate 
questions and voted on accordingly as House Amendment No. 1 and 
House Amendment No. 2, to the Senate amendment. House Amendment 
No. 1 was agreed to by a vote of 248-174, and House Amendment 
No. 2 was agreed to by a vote of 231-192. On September 30, 
2013, the Senate approved a motion to table the House 
amendments to the Senate amendment by a vote of 54-46. Later on 
September 30, 2013, the House approved, under a rule (H. Res. 
367), a motion to recede from its amendments and concur in the 
Senate amendment with a new amendment by a vote of 228-201. 
Later on September 30, 2013, the Senate approved a motion to 
table the House amendment to the Senate amendment by a vote of 
54-46. On October 1, 2013, the House approved a new rule (H. 
Res. 368) providing for consideration of H.J. Res. 59. That 
rule provided that the House take from the Speaker's table H.J. 
Res 59 with the House amendment to the Senate amendment, insist 
on its amendment, and request a conference with the Senate. The 
House approved the rule by a vote of 228-199. Also on October 
1, 2013, the following conferees were appointed: Appropriations 
Chairman Rogers, Representative Rodney Frelinghuysen, 
Representative Ander Crenshaw, Representative John Carter, 
Majority Leader Eric Cantor, Chairman Camp, Representative Paul 
Ryan, and Representative Tom Graves. Later on October 1, 2013, 
the Senate approved a motion to table the message from the 
House with respect to H.J. Res. 59 by a vote of 54-46.
    As originally passed by the House on September 20, 2013, 
H.J. Res. 59 would have made continuing appropriations for 
fiscal year 2014 through December 15, 2013. Additionally, Sec. 
137 of the joint resolution would have provided that, 
notwithstanding any other provision of law, no Federal funds 
shall be made available to carry out any provisions of the 
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-
148) and the health care provisions of the Health Care and 
Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152), including 
the tax provisions contained in those two laws. In addition, 
Sec. 138 of the House's original joint resolution would have 
required the Secretary of the Treasury, until December 15, 
2014, to issue debt to pay with legal tender, and solely for 
the purpose of paying, the principal and interest on U.S. 
obligations held by the public, or held by the Old-Age and 
Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and Disability Insurance Trust 
Fund, in the event that the federal debt reaches the statutory 
limit after enactment of the joint resolution. However, no debt 
could be issued unless the payment of allowed obligations would 
otherwise cause the statutory debt limit to be exceeded. The 
provision further required the Secretary, if such authority is 
exercised, to report to specified congressional committees each 
week the authority is in use and provide an accounting of: (1) 
the principal on mature obligations and interest due or accrued 
by the United States, and (2) any obligations issued pursuant 
to this joint resolution. Under the Senate amendment to H.J. 
Res. 59 passed on September 27, 2013, continuing appropriations 
for fiscal year 2014 would have been made through November 15, 
2013, and neither the prohibition on the use of funds for 
implementing the 2010 health care laws nor the debt limit-
related provision included in the original House version would 
have been retained. The version of H.J. Res. 59 passed by the 
House on September 29, 2013, included two House Amendments to 
the Senate amendment. Under House Amendment No. 1, the medical 
device excise tax enacted under the 2010 health care law would 
have been repealed and continuing appropriations for fiscal 
year 2014 would have been made through December 15, 2013. Under 
House Amendment No. 2, implementation of the 2010 health care 
laws would have been delayed for one year and continuing 
appropriations for fiscal year 2014 would have been made 
through December 15, 2013. Under the version of H.J. Res. 59 
that passed the House on September 30, 2013, the application of 
the individual mandate imposed under the 2010 health care laws 
would have been delayed for one year; Members of Congress, 
Congressional staff, the President, the Vice President, and 
political appointees (including White House staff) would have 
been required to enroll in the exchanges established under the 
2010 health care laws; and continuing appropriations for fiscal 
year 2014 would have been made through December 15, 2013. It 
was with respect to that version of H.J. Res. 59 that, pursuant 
to H. Res. 368, the House insisted upon its amendment and 
requested a conference with the Senate.
    For a description of further legislative action on a 
related bill (the ``Continuing Appropriations Act 2014,'' which 
was subsequently enacted as P.L. 113-46 and addressed 
continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2014 and other issues 
within the jurisdiction of the Ways and Means Committee), see 
the description in Section 1a.
    On December 12, 2013, the House passed a motion to recede 
and concur with an amendment in the Senate amendment that 
reflected the substance of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013. 
This legislation was agreed to by a recorded vote of 332-94. 
The legislation provides for $63 billion in temporary sequester 
relief accompanied by $85 billion in mandatory savings, 
achieving net deficit reduction of $23 billion over 10 years. 
In general, the legislation includes provisions designed to 
eliminate wasteful spending, cut corporate welfare, and make 
needed reforms to mandatory programs. Several provisions fall 
within the jurisdiction of the Ways and Means Committee: (1) 
Section 201 improves the collection of unemployment insurance 
overpayments; (2) Section 203 restricts access to the death 
master file; (3) Section 204 improves the identification of 
inmates requesting or receiving improper payments; and (4) 
Section 701 extends the user fees collected by the Department 
of Homeland Security's Bureau of Customs and Border Protection 
(CBP) from 2021 through 2023. H.J. Res 59 was signed by the 
President on December 26, 2013.

     2. OTHER MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES DURING THE 113TH CONGRESS

Budget Hearings

    On April 11, 2013, the Full Committee received testimony on 
the details of the provisions of the President's FY14 budget 
proposals that are within the Committee's jurisdiction from 
Jacob J. Lew, Secretary, United States Department of the 
Treasury.
    On April 12, 2013, the Full Committee received testimony on 
the details of the President's HHS FY14 budget proposals that 
are within the Committee's jurisdiction from Kathleen Sebelius, 
Secretary, United States Department of Health and Human 
Services.

                     II. OVERSIGHT ACTIVITY REVIEW


                          A. Oversight Agenda

                       Committee on Ways and Means,
                             U.S. House of Representatives,
                                 Washington, DC, February 15, 2013.
Hon. Darrell Issa,
Chairman, Committee on Oversight & Government Reform,
Rayburn House Office Bldg., Washington, DC.
Hon. Candice S. Miller,
Chairman, Committee on House Administration,
Longworth House Office Bldg., Washington, DC.
    Dear Chairman Issa and Chairman Miller: In accordance with 
the requirements of clause 2 of rule X of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the following is a list of oversight 
hearings and oversight-related activities that the Committee on 
Ways and Means and its Subcommittees plan to conduct during the 
113th Congress.

Matters under the Committee's Federal Budget Jurisdiction:

     Economic and Budget Outlook. Oversight hearings 
with various Administration officials to discuss current 
economic and budget conditions, including the long-term 
outlook, the state of the economy, prospects for recovery and 
long-term growth, our economic competitiveness, private sector 
job creation, and limits on the public debt.

Matters under the Committee's Tax Jurisdiction:

     Tax Reform. Hearings and other activities related 
to comprehensive tax reform.
     Priorities of the Department of the Treasury. 
Hearings with the Treasury Secretary and other Administration 
officials to receive information regarding the Administration's 
tax-related priorities for the 113th Congress. Specifically, 
discuss and consider legislative and administrative proposals 
contained in the President's fiscal year 2014 and 2015 budgets.
     Appropriate Tax Relief for Individuals, Families, 
and Employers. Hearings and other activities regarding 
appropriate tax relief measures for individual taxpayers, 
families, and employers of all sizes.
     Tax Provisions Contained in the ``Affordable Care 
Act'' (ACA). Hearings and other activities regarding various 
tax provisions contained in the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148) and the Health Care and 
Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152), known 
collectively as the ACA. Continued oversight and other 
activities related to ACA tax provisions, including especially 
those scheduled for implementation in 2013 or 2014, such as the 
individual mandate, the employer mandate, the Exchange 
subsidies, the medical device tax, and the 3.8 percent surtax 
on capital gains, dividends, and other investment income.
     Internal Revenue Service Operations/Administration 
of Tax Laws. Oversight of the major Internal Revenue Service 
programs, including enforcement, collection, taxpayer services, 
returns processing, and information systems. Consider analyses 
and reports provided to the Congress by the IRS National 
Taxpayer Advocate, Treasury Inspector General for Tax 
Administration, and the GAO. Oversight of IRS funding and 
staffing levels needed to provide taxpayer assistance and 
enforce the tax law fairly, effectively and efficiently. 
Evaluate tax return filing seasons, including electronic 
filing, and improper payments levels and fraud prevention 
efforts. Discuss proposed funding and staffing levels for the 
IRS, and legislative proposals and administrative proposals 
contained in the President's fiscal year 2014 and 2015 budgets.
     Tax-Exempt Organizations. Oversight of Federal tax 
laws, regulations, and filing requirements that affect tax-
exempt organizations, particularly charities and foundations. 
Evaluate overall IRS efforts to monitor tax-exempt 
organizations, identify areas of non-compliance, prevent abuse, 
and ensure timely disclosure to the public about tax-exempt 
organization activities and finances. Review IRS tax-exempt 
application process and agency oversight of new exempt 
organizations.
     Tax Code and Tax Form Simplification. Oversight of 
tax code and tax form complexity, particularly for individuals, 
with the goal of simplification. Review areas where taxpayers 
and professional return preparers have difficulty, including 
areas where they make the most errors, and consider solutions. 
Evaluate simplification of information returns to assist 
taxpayers in determining taxable income. Examine proposals to 
close the ``tax gap'' by simplifying compliance with our tax 
laws.
     Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Oversight of the 
refundable federal income tax credit designed to assist low to 
moderate income working individuals and families. Evaluate the 
participation and improper payment rates within the program, 
and IRS efforts to eliminate EITC abuse.
     Tax Scams and Improper Payments. Oversight of the 
latest tax scams and tax fraud activities with a goal of 
protecting taxpayers and preventing identity theft. Examine IRS 
initiatives and efforts to curb tax fraud and the abuse of tax 
credits, specifically improper payments in the administration 
of tax credits. Review IRS processes designed to identify and 
remedy identity theft.
     Federal Excise Taxes. Oversight review of Federal 
excise taxes, credits, and refunds, including the trust funds 
financed by these taxes.
     Pensions and Retirement Security. Oversight review 
of the financial condition, operations, and governance of the 
Pension Benefit Corporation (``PBGC''), including financial 
exposure of the PBGC.

Matters under the Committee's Health Jurisdiction:

     Priorities of the Department of Health and Human 
Services. Oversight hearing with the Health and Human Services 
Secretary to discuss priorities for the 113th Congress and 
concerns related to the delivery of health services and 
reimbursement under Medicare. Specifically, discuss and 
consider legislative and administrative proposals contained in 
the President's fiscal year 2014 and 2015 budgets.
     Medicare Part A and Part B (Fee-for-Service 
Providers). Oversight of the major Medicare programs to ensure 
efficient use of resources, quality of care, and access to 
providers for Medicare beneficiaries. Specific topics include: 
adequacy and appropriateness of provider reimbursements, 
including incentive payments; program benefits; cost sharing; 
workforce supply; the doctor-patient relationship; treatment of 
specific populations such as people with disabilities and low-
income beneficiaries; quality improvement efforts; 
implementation of the ACA and related regulations; and waste, 
fraud, and abuse activities.
     Medicare Advantage. Oversight of Medicare health 
plans, including: enrollment; reimbursements; benefit packages; 
quality; beneficiary choice; and recent statutory and 
regulatory changes affecting Medicare health plans and their 
enrollees.
     Medicare Part D (Prescription Drug Plans). 
Oversight of the Medicare prescription drug program, including: 
drug pricing; beneficiary premiums and cost-sharing; 
beneficiary choice; impacts of recently enacted legislation and 
regulations and their impact on the Part D program; and access 
to retiree prescription drug coverage.
     Medicare Entitlement. Oversight of program changes 
on the Medicare Trust Funds; premium and copay levels; and 
benefit design.
     CMS Administration. Oversight of CMS, including 
issuance of regulations and their impact on Medicare 
beneficiaries and providers; the adequacy and use of CMS' 
budget and staff; contracting activities; communications with 
beneficiaries; adherence to the Administrative Procedures Act; 
and general agency accountability.
     Private Health Insurance Coverage. Oversight and 
review of private health coverage, including: cost, access, 
subsidies to purchase insurance, benefit design, coverage 
options, pooling mechanisms, and employer-sponsored benefits; 
COBRA; HCTC; health savings accounts and flexible spending 
arrangements; options to reduce the cost of health coverage, 
expand coverage, and address the rate of increase in health 
care costs; the impact of the ACA and related regulations on 
those with private insurance, employers, the economy, and state 
budgets; and adherence to the Administrative Procedures Act.

Matters under the Committee's Human Resources Jurisdiction:

     Welfare Reform. Review and consider proposals to 
reauthorize Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and 
related welfare reform programs. Review the U.S. Department of 
Health and Human Services' July 2012 ``Information Memorandum'' 
suggesting that States could seek ``waivers'' of work 
requirements for welfare recipients. Investigate TANF 
Maintenance of Effort (MOE) spending requirements and their 
interaction with TANF work requirements. Examine barriers to 
increasing self-sufficiency among low-income families with 
children, and how changes may better address the needs of adult 
beneficiaries who face barriers to employment. Review the role 
that TANF and related programs such as child care and child 
support enforcement play in facilitating work and economic 
opportunity for low-income families. Oversee implementation of 
recent legislation that strengthened program integrity 
regarding accessing TANF benefits.
     Unemployment Compensation. Provide oversight of 
the nation's unemployment compensation benefits and employment 
security systems. Review implementation of program reforms 
contained in Public Law 112-96, The Middle Class Tax Relief and 
Job Creation Act of 2012, especially those designed to 
accelerate returns to work, prevent inappropriate benefit 
payments, and improve overpayment recovery.
     Child Welfare. Provide oversight of the nation's 
child welfare programs, including foster care, adoption 
assistance, and child and family service programs under Titles 
IV-B and IV-E of the Social Security Act. Review State efforts 
to promote adoption, strengthen family connections, and 
successfully address the health and educational needs of foster 
children. Consider proposals for reauthorizing several child 
welfare programs whose authorizations expire at the end of FY 
2013, including adoption incentives and family connection 
grants.
     Low-Income Disabled and Aged Individuals. Provide 
oversight of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program to 
examine trends in the program, agency program integrity 
efforts, and options to improve recipient outcomes and reduce 
administrative complexities in order to target program 
resources to those most in need.
     Review and, Where Appropriate, Identify 
Opportunities to Eliminate Duplicate Programs. Review 
interactions among programs serving low-income populations so 
they can more efficiently and effectively operate, including 
through the enhanced use of technology. Additional proposals 
and ideas, such as those identified by the GAO's annual report 
on duplication, overlap, and fragmentation, should also be 
examined to reduce program duplication and improve the overall 
effectiveness of efforts to serve low-income populations.

Matters under the Committee's Social Security Jurisdiction:

     Securing the Future of Social Security. Examine 
the role of Social Security benefits in ensuring retirement 
security for today's and future retirees, financing challenges 
facing Social Security, the cost to taxpayers and beneficiaries 
of delay in addressing those challenges, and options to 
strengthen Social Security, including how the program is 
meeting the needs of today's and tomorrow's beneficiaries.
     Strengthening the Disability Insurance (DI) 
program. Examine the effectiveness of DI benefits in meeting 
the needs of individuals with disabilities today and the 
process for both determining eligibility for benefits and 
appealing denied applications, along with options to strengthen 
the program.
     Stewardship of Social Security programs. Provide 
oversight of the management, performance, and long-range 
strategic planning related to Social Security programs, 
including the challenges facing the new Commissioner, the 
impact of tight resources on the SSA's ability to conduct 
program integrity reviews, and planning for the future 
representative payee needs of aging beneficiaries.
     Protecting the Privacy of Social Security Numbers 
(SSN). Examine the integrity and protection of SSNs by the 
Social Security Administration (SSA), including the SSA's death 
records and SSN verification systems, and the use of SSNs as 
identifiers and in identity theft and other fraud, along with 
options for change.
     SSA's Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure. 
Assess the management, performance, and strategic planning for 
future programs and systems development related to the SSA's IT 
infrastructure.
     Deployment of Resources. Oversight of the SSA's 
deployment of tight resources to serve the public and 
taxpayers, including evolving service delivery approaches, 
policy administration and program implementation impacts, and 
the SSA's role in supporting other Federal programs through 
interagency and data sharing agreements.

Matters under the Committee's Trade Jurisdiction:

     Trade Promotion Authority (TPA). Consideration of 
authority for the President to negotiate and conclude trade 
agreements in consultation with Congress, and to provide a 
clear framework for Congressional consideration and 
implementation.
     Miscellaneous Tariff Bill (MTB). Continue work 
begun in the 112th Congress concerning noncontroversial bills 
to eliminate or reduce duties on products not made in the 
United States, in accordance with bipartisan transparency 
guidelines.
     China. Oversight of systemic problems in U.S.-
China trade relations, including issues related to China's 
consistent lack of protection and enforcement of U.S. 
intellectual property rights, indigenous innovation 
requirements, use of industrial subsides, export restraints on 
key products such as rare earth minerals, and currency 
undervaluation.
     Customs Authorization. Continue work begun in the 
112th Congress to consider legislation to authorize U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection, particularly to streamline and 
facilitate legitimate and compliant trade at the border, 
automate CBP processes, and improve enforcement.
     Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Negotiations. 
Continued consultation with the Administration to evaluate the 
status of the negotiations and specify Member views on U.S. 
negotiating positions, with the goal of concluding the 
negotiations in 2013.
     Other Bilateral and Regional Negotiations. 
Evaluate prospect for additional trade negotiations, including 
the International Services Agreement and a U.S./EU free trade 
agreement, as well as bilateral investment treaty negotiations.
     Preference Programs. Oversight of major U.S. trade 
preference programs, including the Generalized System of 
Preferences (expiring July 2013), the Andean Trade Preferences 
Act (expiring July 2013), and the African Growth and 
Opportunity Act (expiring 2015).
     World Trade Organization (WTO). Oversight of U.S. 
goals, dispute settlement, the prospect for a trade 
facilitation agreement and expansion of the information 
technology agreement, and WTO accessions.
     Enforcement. Oversight of enforcement of U.S. 
rights and rights under trade agreements, including the WTO 
Agreements and bilateral and regional free trade agreements, to 
hold U.S. trading partners accountable. Evaluation of proposals 
to strengthen border enforcement related to U.S. intellectual 
property rights, import safety, and illegal transshipment. 
Oversight of administration of U.S. trade remedy laws, 
including border enforcement. Oversight of whether the United 
States is in compliance with its obligations, particularly 
where the United States is facing retaliation.
     Role of Trade in U.S. Job Creation. Oversight of 
the role of trade in creating U.S. jobs and how to create new 
market access for U.S. manufactured goods, agriculture, and 
services.
     Trade Sanctions. Oversight concerning import 
sanctions with, among others, Iran, Burma, North Korea, Syria, 
and Cuba.
     Implemented Trade Agreements. Oversight of 
implemented agreements with Colombia; Panama; Korea; Peru; 
Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, and 
Honduras (CAFTA-DR); Oman; Bahrain; Singapore; Chile; 
Australia; Morocco; Jordan; Canada and Mexico (NAFTA); and 
Israel.
     Trade Adjustment Assistance. Oversight concerning 
the Trade Adjustment Assistance programs for workers, firms, 
communities, and farmers.
     Priorities of the Office of the United States 
Trade Representative (USTR). Oversight over USTR to evaluate 
priorities for the 113th Congress and concerns related to the 
international trade agenda.
     Priorities of the United States International 
Trade Commission. Oversight over the Commission concerning 
overall priorities and operations.
    This list is not intended to be exclusive. The Committee 
anticipates that additional oversight hearings and activities 
will be scheduled as issues arise and as time permits. Also, 
the Committee's oversight priorities and particular concerns 
may change as the 113th Congress progresses over the coming two 
years.
            Sincerely,
                                                 Dave Camp,
                                                          Chairman.

  B. Actions Taken and Recommendations Made With Respect to Oversight 
                                  Plan


                       SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT

Full Committee Hearings

    Actions Taken: On May 17, 2013, the full Committee received 
testimony on the Internal Revenue Service's practice of 
discriminating against applicants for tax-exempt status based 
on the political leanings of the applicants from (i) Steve 
Miller, Acting Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service; 
and (ii) J. Russell George, Treasury Inspector General for Tax 
Administration.
    On June 4, 2013, the full Committee received testimony on 
organizations that were targeted as part of the Internal 
Revenue Service's practice of discriminating against applicants 
for tax-exempt status based on their personal beliefs from (i) 
John Eastman, Chairman, National Organization for Marriage; 
(ii) Dianne Belsom, Laurens County Tea Party; (iii) Becky 
Gerritson, Wetumpka Tea Party; (iv) Karen Kenney, San Fernando 
Valley Patriots; (v) Kevin Kookogey, Founder and President, 
Linchpins of Liberty; and (vi) Sue Martinek, Coalition for Life 
of Iowa.
    On June 27, 2013, the full Committee received testimony on 
the Internal Revenue Service's 30-day report on the practice of 
discriminating against applicants for tax-exempt status based 
on their personal beliefs from (i) Daniel Werfel, Principal 
Deputy Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner for Services and 
Enforcement, Internal Revenue Service.

Subcommittee Hearings

            1. Affordable Care Act
    Action Taken: On March 5, 2013, the Subcommittee on 
Oversight received testimony on implementation of the tax and 
tax-related provisions contained in the Affordable Care Act 
(ACA) from (i) Douglas Holtz-Eakin Ph.D., President, American 
Action Forum; (ii) Dan Moore, President & CEO, Cyberonics; 
Chairman, Medical Device Manufacturers Association; (iii) Walt 
Humann, President & CEO, OsteoMed; (iv) David Kautter, Managing 
Director of the Kogod Tax Center, American University; 
Executive-in-residence, Department of Accounting and Taxation; 
(v) Shelly Sun, CEO and Co-Founder of BrightStar Care; (vi) 
Hugh Joyce, James River Heating and Air Conditioning Company; 
(vii) Paul N. Van de Water, Ph.D., Senior Fellow, Center on 
Budget and Policy Priorities.
            2. Prioritization of the Statutory Debt Limit
    Action Taken: On April 10, 2013, the Subcommittee on 
Oversight received testimony on the government's ability to 
prioritize its obligations and continue operations should the 
U.S. Treasury reach its statutory debt limit and exhaust 
extraordinary measures, and concerns by Members of Congress 
about the operation of current law in such a circumstance from 
(i) The Honorable Michele Bachmann (MN-6); (ii) The Honorable 
Tom McClintock (CA-4); (iii) The Honorable Steve Scalise (LA-
1); (iv) The Honorable David Schweikert (AZ-6); and (v) The 
Honorable Daniel Webster (FL-10).
            3. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 2013 Filing Season
    Action Taken: On April 25, 2013, the Subcommittee on 
Oversight received testimony on the 2013 tax return filing 
season, the IRS' fiscal year 2014 budget request, and IRS 
operations generally from (i) Steven Miller, Acting 
Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service.
            4. IRS Colleges and Universities Compliance Project
    Action Taken: On May 8, 2013, the Subcommittee on Oversight 
received testimony on the findings of the IRS's Colleges and 
Universities Compliance Project final report and examined the 
causes for the widespread noncompliance found through the audit 
among tax-exempt colleges and universities from (i) Lois 
Lerner, Director, Exempt Organizations Division, Internal 
Revenue Service.
            5. IRS Exempt Organizations Division
    Action Taken: On September 8, 2013, the Subcommittee 
received testimony on the current state and practices of the 
IRS's Exempt Organizations Division at the IRS following the 
May 14, 2013 TIGTA audit report and then-Principal Deputy 
Commissioner Werfel's June 25, 2013 report from (i) Daniel 
Werfel, Acting Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service.

                         SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE

1. Trade Promotion Authority

    Actions taken: The Committee has engaged in intensive 
bipartisan, bicameral discussions to renew Trade Promotion 
Authority (TPA).
    On March 13, 2013, the Trade Subcommittee held a hearing on 
U.S.-India Trade Relations. Among the issues discussed, the 
witnesses stressed the importance of TPA. The Subcommittee 
received testimony from: (i) Dan Twining, Senior Fellow for 
Asia, German Marshall Fund of the United States; (ii) Arvind 
Subramanian, Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for 
International Economics, and the Center for Global Development; 
(iii) Allen F. Johnson, Ambassador, Founder, Allen F. Johnson & 
Associates, and Former Chief Agricultural Negotiator, Office of 
the United States Trade Representative; (iv) Dean Garfield, 
President & CEO, Information Technology Industry Council; and 
(v) Roy Waldron, Senior Vice President and Chief Intellectual 
Property Counsel, Pfizer.
    On May 16, 2013, the Trade Subcommittee held a hearing on 
the U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Partnership Negotiations. 
Among the issues discussed, the witnesses highlighted the 
importance of TPA for the conduct of the negotiations. The 
Committee heard testimony from: (i) Ambassador Stuart E. 
Eizenstat, Partner, Covington & Burling LLP, on behalf of the 
Transatlantic Business Coalition; (ii) Inga Carus, President & 
CEO, Carus Corporation; (iii) James Grueff, Principal, Decision 
Leaders; and (iv) Greg Slater, Director, Global Trade and 
Competition Policy, Intel Corporation, on behalf of the 
Business Coalition for Transatlantic Trade and the Coalition of 
Services Industries.
    On June 12, 2013, the Trade Subcommittee held a hearing on 
the U.S.-Brazil Trade and Investment Relationship. Among the 
issues discussed, the witnesses remarked on the importance of 
TPA. The Subcommittee received testimony from: (i) Thomas F. 
McLarty III, Chairman, McLarty Associates; (ii) Andres R. 
Gluski, Chief Executive Officer, AES Corporation; (iii) Doug 
Hundt, President of Underground Solutions, Vermeer Corporation; 
and (iv) Roberto Marques, Company Group Chairman, Johnson & 
Johnson Consumer Companies of North America.
    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda with Ambassador Michael Froman, the United States 
Trade Representative. Considerable focus was given during the 
hearing to the need for TPA legislation and its importance in 
furthering the U.S. trade agenda.

2. Miscellaneous Tariff Bill (``MTB'')

    Actions Taken: On March 30, 2012, Chairman Camp, along with 
Ranking Member Levin, then-Trade Subcommittee Chairman Brady, 
and then-Ranking Member McDermott, announced the commencement 
of the Miscellaneous Tariff Bill (MTB) process, inviting 
Members to introduce bills and submit financial disclosures, 
and subsequently commencing a public comment period. The 
independent International Trade Commission reviewed the 
submitted bills and provided reports to the Committee. The 
Department of Commerce, which spearheads the review of the 
submitted bills by the Administration, also reviewed the 
submitted bills and provided reports to the Committee. All of 
these reports were made available on the Committee's website. 
The Committee worked with the Senate Finance Committee to 
prepare the bicameral, bipartisan legislation for floor 
consideration.
    On January 1, 2013, Chairman Camp, Ranking Member Levin, 
then-Chairman Brady, and then-Ranking Member McDermott 
introduced the U.S. Job Creation and Manufacturing 
Competitiveness Act of 2013 (H.R. 6727). The package included 
provisions from more than 2,000 bills introduced in the House 
and Senate that met the requirements of the MTB process.
    Although no further action was taken in the 112th Congress, 
action began on this bill early in the 113th Congress. Members 
who introduced bills in the 112th Congress and wished to have 
their provisions included in the 113th Congress MTB process 
were required to submit 113th Congress Disclosure Forms to 
refresh their disclosure information by April 2, 2013. Members 
were not required to reintroduce their bills in the 113th 
Congress, and no new bills were accepted into the process. The 
Committee required that bills whose sponsors did not return in 
the 113th Congress be adopted by another Member to be 
considered. Sponsoring, cosponsoring, as well as adopting 
Members were required to submit one 113th Congress MTB 
Disclosure Form for each bill they sponsored/cosponsored/
adopted for the bill to be considered in the 113th Congress MTB 
process.
    On July 17, 2013, Chairman Camp, Ranking Member Levin, 
Trade Subcommittee Chairman Nunes, and Trade Subcommittee 
Ranking Member Rangel announced the re-introduction of the U.S. 
Job Creation and Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of 2013 
(H.R. 2708). This bill contains a few modifications and 
technical corrections to the bill introduced in the 112th 
Congress. The Committee continues to work intensively with the 
Senate Finance Committee and House and Senate leadership to 
determine a path forward for this bill.

3. China

    Actions Taken: On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a 
hearing on the U.S. trade agenda with Ambassador Michael 
Froman, United States Trade Representative. The hearing 
included discussion of the full range of issues impeding 
American companies from selling U.S. goods and services in 
China and distorting trade flows through unfair trade 
practices. The hearing also included discussion on both the 
significant opportunities presented by the Chinese market as 
well as the barriers that U.S. companies, farmers, and workers 
continue to face. The hearing explored the Administration's 
plans to address China's persistent barriers to trade and 
investment.
    On July 9, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter signed by 
Ranking Member Levin, Senate Finance Chairman Baucus, and 
Senate Finance Ranking Member Hatch to Treasury Secretary Lew, 
Secretary of State Kerry, Secretary of Commerce Pritzker, and 
Ambassador Froman about the upcoming meeting of the U.S.-China 
Strategic & Economic Dialogue (S&ED). The letter discussed 
systemic problems in U.S.-China trade relations, including 
issues related to China's consistent lack of protection and 
enforcement of U.S. intellectual property rights, indigenous 
innovation requirements, use of industrial subsides, export 
restraints on key products such as rare earth minerals, and 
currency misalignment. In that letter, the Members asked the 
Administration to develop metrics for assessing China's 
progress on these issues.
    On September 9, 2013, the Committee held a meeting with 
Treasury Secretary Lew and United States Trade Representative 
Ambassador Froman about the Administration's approach to 
currency issues. The meeting provided an opportunity for 
Committee Members to have a bipartisan and candid, off-the-
record discussion with the Administration about its approach to 
these issues.
    On December 17, 2013, the Committee received the Semiannual 
Report on Softwood Lumber Subsidies from the Department of 
Commerce.
    The Committee continues to hold regular staff consultations 
with USTR and the Treasury and Commerce Departments regarding 
U.S.-China issues.

4. Customs Authorization

    Actions Taken: On December 17, 2012, then-Trade 
Subcommittee Kevin Brady introduced last Congress H.R. 6642, 
``The Customs Trade Facilitation and Enforcement Act of 2012,'' 
to address streamlining, facilitating, and modernizing Customs 
functions, as well as improving enforcement of U.S. laws, 
including antidumping and countervailing duty laws, through the 
inclusion of H.R. 5708 (Representative Boustany). On December 
13, 2012, Ranking Member Sander Levin and then-Trade 
Subcommittee Ranking Member Jim McDermott introduced H.R. 6656. 
The Committee received comments on these bills from numerous 
stakeholders and is considering potential changes to reflect 
these comments, as appropriate.
    On January 4, 2013, Representative Charles Boustany 
reintroduced his bill in the 113th Congress, H.R. 166, to 
prevent the evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty 
orders.

5. Trans-Pacific Partnership

    Actions Taken: On April 24, 2013, the United States Trade 
Representative notified Congress that the Administration 
intends to include Japan in the ongoing negotiations of the 
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement.
    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda with Ambassador Michael Froman, United States 
Trade Representative. Among the current trade issues covered 
were the structure, content, and prospect for the ongoing 
Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations.
    On September 9, 2013, the Committee held a meeting with 
Treasury Secretary Lew and United States Trade Representative 
Ambassador Froman about the Administration's approach to 
currency issues. The meeting provided an opportunity for 
Committee Members to have a bipartisan and candid, off-the-
record discussion with the Administration about its approach to 
these issues.
    On December 6-11, 2013, the Committee conducted a 
bipartisan staff delegation to Singapore to participate in the 
Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Ministers meeting and to meet 
with officials from Trans-Pacific Partnership countries, and 
U.S. officials.
    Throughout 2013, Committee staff held frequent and 
extensive consultations with USTR and other agencies to discuss 
ongoing progress in the negotiations and to provide Member 
views on the conduct and content of the negotiations.

6. Other Bilateral and Regional Negotiations and Issues

            a. U.S.-EU Trade Agreement Negotiations
    Actions Taken: On May 16, 2013, the Trade Subcommittee held 
a hearing on the U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Partnership 
Negotiations. The focus of the hearing was on the benefits and 
challenges of expanding trade with the EU, specifically through 
the trade and investment agreement. The hearing focused on 
tariff barriers to trade, regulatory barriers including 
sanitary and phytosanitary barriers to U.S. agricultural 
exports, opportunities for regulatory cooperation and 
coherence, services and investment barriers, and ways to 
strengthen regulatory cooperation between the US and EU 
pertaining to third country issues. The Committee heard 
testimony from: (i) Ambassador Stuart E. Eizenstat, Partner, 
Covington & Burling LLP, on behalf of the Transatlantic 
Business Coalition; (ii) Inga Carus, President & CEO, Carus 
Corporation; (iii) James Grueff, Principal, Decision Leaders; 
and (iv) Greg Slater, Director, Global Trade and Competition 
Policy, Intel Corporation, on behalf of the Business Coalition 
for Transatlantic Trade and the Coalition of Services 
Industries.
    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda with Ambassador Michael Froman, United States 
Trade Representative. Among the current trade issues covered 
were the benefits and challenges of expanding trade with the 
EU, specifically through the trade and investment agreement.
    The Committee has also held frequent and extensive staff 
consultation sessions with USTR to discuss ongoing progress in 
the negotiations and to provide Member views on the conduct and 
content of the negotiations.
            b. Trade in Services Agreement Negotiations
    On January 15, 2013, Congress received notification from 
the U.S. Trade Representative of the Administration's intent to 
enter into negotiations for an ambitious agreement on 
international trade in services (TISA) on a plurilateral basis 
with the WTO Members comprising the Really Good Friends of 
Services--WTO Members that are willing and able to agree to a 
high-standard agreement. On July 25, the Committee received 
notification from the U.S. Trade Representative of the 
Administration's intent to join a consensus among TISA 
participants to invite Paraguay and Liechtenstein to join the 
TISA negotiations. Both of these steps followed substantial 
consultations between the Committee and the Office of the U.S. 
Trade Representative.
    The Committee has also engaged in frequent and extensive 
staff consultations with USTR to discuss ongoing progress in 
the negotiations and to provide Member views on the conduct and 
content of the negotiations.
            c. Bilateral Investment Treaty Negotiations
    The Committee has held staff consultations with USTR and 
the Department of State to discuss the ongoing negotiation of 
Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) with China, India, 
Mauritius, and Pakistan, as well as exploratory discussions 
that USTR and State have held with Ghana, Gabon, the East 
African Community, Kuwait, Cambodia, and Taiwan.
            d. Burma
    In 2012, Congress passed and the President signed into law 
H.R. 5986, which, among other things, amended the Burmese 
Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003 to renew, for three years, 
the President's authority to ban the import of Burmese products 
and approved the renewal of import restrictions contained in 
the Act for one year. After consultation with Congress, the 
President waived the imposition of all import sanctions with 
the exception of those on jadeite and rubies. Congress did not 
renew the legislative ban on importation of Burmese products 
when the sanctions lapsed on July 26, 2013.
    On May 13, 2013, the Committee received the U.S. Department 
of State report pursuant to the Burmese Freedom and Democracy 
Act of 2003 covering the period of April 2012 through March 
2013.
    On July 3, 2013, the Committee received the revised U.S. 
Department of State report pursuant to the Burmese Freedom and 
Democracy Act of 2003 covering the period of April 2012 through 
March 2013.
    On August 7, 2013, the President issued Executive Order 
13651, which banned the importation of Burmese jadeite and 
rubies, pursuant to the President's authorities under the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act.
    On August 14, 2013, the Committee received the U.S. 
Department of State report on Burmese JADE Act of 2008 on 
Burma's timber trade.
            e. India
    The Committee has held regular staff consultations with 
USTR and the Treasury and Commerce Departments regarding U.S.-
India issues. On March 13, 2013, the Trade Subcommittee held a 
hearing on U.S.-India Trade Relations. The focus of the hearing 
was the growing trade and investment relationship between the 
two countries as well as the challenges facing U.S. job 
creators in this market. The Committee explored the positive 
aspects of the relationship while examining India's tariff and 
non-tariff barriers that affect U.S. businesses, farmers, 
ranchers, and workers. Additionally, the Committee analyzed how 
trade and investment between the two countries could be 
expanded. The Subcommittee received testimony from: (i) Dan 
Twining, Senior Fellow for Asia, German Marshall Fund of the 
United States; (ii) Arvind Subramanian, Senior Fellow, Peterson 
Institute for International Economics, and the Center for 
Global Development; (iii) Allen F. Johnson, Ambassador, 
Founder, Allen F. Johnson & Associates, and Former Chief 
Agricultural Negotiator, Office of the United States Trade 
Representative; (iv) Dean Garfield, President & CEO, 
Information Technology Industry Council; and (v) Roy Waldron, 
Senior Vice President and Chief Intellectual Property Counsel, 
Pfizer.
    On June 20, 2013, Chairman Camp, along with 34 Republican 
and Democratic Ways and Means Committee Members, sent a letter 
to the President urging him to raise pressing trade and 
investment issues ahead of U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue. On 
July 26, 2013, the U.S. Department of State responded to this 
letter concerning market access issues, intellectual property 
rights, and trade and investment barriers in India. On August 
1, 2013, the U.S. State Department sent an additional response 
on the Bilateral Investment Treaty negotiations with India.
    On August 2, 2013, Chairman Camp, along with Ranking Member 
Levin, Senate Finance Chairman Baucus, and Senate Finance 
Ranking Member Hatch, sent a letter to the International Trade 
Commission (ITC) requesting the initiation of an investigation 
under section 332(g) of the Trade Act of 1930 regarding Indian 
industrial policies that discriminate again U.S. imports and 
investment for the sake of supporting Indian domestic 
industries, and the effect that those barriers have on the U.S. 
economy and jobs. In response, the ITC launched Investigation 
332-543, Trade, Investment, and Industrial Policies in India: 
Effects on the U.S. Economy.

7. Preference Programs

    Actions Taken: On July 19, 2013, the Committee received a 
report from the Department of State on the Haitian Hemispheric 
Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act of 2008 (HOPE 
II) preference program for Haiti.
    On July 17, 2013, Chairman Camp, along with Ranking Member 
Levin, Trade Subcommittee Chairman Nunes, and Trade 
Subcommittee Ranking Member Rangel, introduced H.R. 2709 to 
renew the Generalized System of Preferences program through 
September 2013.
    On August 10-14, 2013, the Committee conducted a bipartisan 
staff delegation to Addis Ababa to participate in the Africa 
Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) Forum and to meet with 
officials from AGOA countries and U.S. officials.
    The Committee held several staff consultations with USTR 
concerning the efficacy of the preference programs, including 
the Generalized System of Preferences, the Caribbean Basin 
Initiative, the Andean Trade Preference Act, the Africa Growth 
and Opportunity Act, and the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity 
through Partnership Encouragement Act.
    The Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) expired on July 31, 
2013. The Committee has taken no legislative action to renew 
that preference program, of which Ecuador was the sole 
beneficiary at the time of expiration.
    On December 12, 2013, Chairman Camp, Ranking Member Levin, 
Trade Subcommittee Chairman Nunes, and Trade Subcommittee 
Ranking Member Rangel joined with Senate Finance, House Foreign 
Affairs, and Senate Foreign Relations leaders to send a letter 
to the General Accountability Office requesting a study on the 
operation and effectiveness of AGOA.

8. World Trade Organization (WTO)

    Actions Taken: On April 18, 2013, the Committee received 
notification from the Administration that it intended to use 
the section 123(g) process (provided for under the Uruguay 
Round Agreements Act) to make administrative changes and come 
into compliance with an adverse WTO decision in DS384/386--
United States-Certain Country of Origin Labeling Requirements.
    On July 5, 2013, the Committee received notification from 
the Administration that it intended to use the section 123(g) 
process to comply with an adverse WTO decision in DS381--United 
States-Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing, and Sale 
of Tuna and Tuna Products.
    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda and received testimony from Ambassador Michael 
Froman, United States Trade Representative. Among the current 
trade issues covered was the importance of the WTO to the 
multilateral trading system and the negotiation of agreements 
on Trade Facilitation and the expansion of the Information 
Technology Agreement.
    On November 14, 2013, Chairman Camp led a letter signed by 
Ranking Member Levin, Senate Finance Chairman Baucus, and 
Senate Finance Ranking Member Hatch to Ambassador Froman in 
support of ongoing negotiations at the WTO and the upcoming 
Bali Ministerial.
    On December 3-6, 2013, the Committee conducted a bipartisan 
staff delegation to Bali, Indonesia to participate in the Ninth 
WTO Ministerial and to meet with officials from WTO countries 
and U.S. officials.
    The Committee held regular staff consultations with USTR 
concerning the ongoing negotiations as well as accessions to 
the WTO. The Committee also held regular staff consultations 
with USTR regarding ongoing disputes being adjudicated at the 
WTO.

9. Enforcement

    Actions Taken: On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a 
hearing on the U.S. trade agenda. Among the current trade 
issues covered enforcement activities and efforts to strengthen 
trade enforcement efforts. Ambassador Michael Froman, United 
States Trade Representative, testified on the Administration's 
enforcement agenda.
    On February 1, 2013, the Committee received USTR's Annual 
Report on Subsidies Enforcement.
    On March 1, 2013, the Committee received the 2013 Trade 
Policy Agenda and 2012 Annual Report of the President of the 
United States on the Trade Agreements Program. This report 
satisfies the requirements of Section 163 of the Trade Act of 
1974 and Sections 122 and 124 of the Uruguay Round Agreements 
Act.
    On April 1, 2013 the Committee received the National Trade 
Estimate Report from USTR for 2013, as well as separate reports 
on Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Barriers to Trade. Each of the reports details significant 
barriers to U.S. exports and U.S. efforts to address those 
barriers. The NTE Report is prepared pursuant to Section 181 of 
the Trade Act of 1974, as amended. The Committee staff engaged 
in regular consultations with the Administration on these 
reports.
    On April 3, 2013, the Committee received from USTR the 2013 
Report on Compliance with Telecommunications Trade Agreements, 
prepared pursuant to Section 1377 of the Omnibus Trade and 
Competitiveness Act of 1988.
    On May 1, 2013, the Committee received from USTR the 2013 
Special 301 Report on Intellectual Property Rights. The annual 
report reviews IPR protection and enforcement around the world 
and is prepared by USTR pursuant to Section 182 of the Trade 
Act of 1974, as amended.
    On June 18, 2013, the Committee received the Semiannual 
Report on Softwood Lumber Subsides from the Department of 
Commerce.
    On June 19, 2013, the Committee received from USTR the 
report on WTO enforcement actions regarding Russia, as required 
by Section 201 of the Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal 
and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012.
    On June 20, 2013, the Committee received from USTR the U.S. 
Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator's 2013 Joint 
Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcement, which 
includes recommendations within the Committee's jurisdiction.
    On August 12, 2013, Chairman Camp received from the 
International Trade Commission the report Olive Oil: Conditions 
of Competition between U.S. and Major Foreign Supplier 
Industries, as requested by the Committee in 2012.
    On September 9, 2013, the Committee held a meeting with 
Treasury Secretary Lew and United States Trade Representative 
Ambassador Froman about the Administration's approach to 
currency issues. The meeting provided an opportunity for 
Committee Members to have a bipartisan and candid, off-the-
record discussion with the Administration about its approach to 
these issues.
    On December 20, 2013, the Committee received from USTR the 
report on Russia's implementation of the WTO agreement, as 
required by Section 201 of the Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik 
Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 
2012.
    The Committee also held regular staff sessions with USTR to 
discuss pending and potential dispute settlement cases.

10. Role of Trade in U.S. Job Creation

    Actions Taken: On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a 
hearing on the U.S. trade agenda. Ambassador Michael Froman, 
United States Trade Representative, testified about ways in 
which a robust trade agenda promotes U.S. job creation.

11. Trade Sanctions

            Iran
    Actions Taken: On February 27, 2013, Representative Edward 
Royce introduced H.R. 805, ``The Nuclear Iran Prevention Act of 
2013.'' The bill as introduced included provisions in the 
jurisdiction of the Ways and Means Committee. After extensive 
negotiations, the House Foreign Affairs Committee agreed to 
amend the bill to address the Ways and Means Committee's 
concerns. On July 26, 2013, Chairman Camp exchanged letters 
with House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Royce regarding 
modification of provisions within the jurisdiction of the Ways 
and Means Committee. On July 30, 2013, the House Foreign 
Affairs Committee reported out the bill. On July 31, 2013, the 
House passed H.R. 805, under suspension of the rules, by a vote 
of 400-20.
    On January 7, 2013, the Committee received a report from 
the U.S. Department of Treasury under Section 220 of the Iran 
Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
    On January 22, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury the July 1-September 30, 2012, report on 
Iran sanctions.
    On February 6, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report under Section 104 of the 
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions Accountability and Divestment Act 
of 2010 concerning Iranian financial institutions.
    On February 6, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report required under the Iran Threat 
Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, identifying 
operators of vessels and other persons who conduct or 
facilitate significant financial transactions with persons who 
manage ports in Iran.
    On February 6, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of State a report required under the Iran Threat 
Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
    On February 22, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of State a report required under the Iran Threat 
Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, identifying those 
organizations of which Iran is a member that received U.S. 
contributions.
    On February 25, 2013, the Committee received from the 
General Accountability Office (GAO) the report Iran: How U.S. 
and International Sanctions Have Adversely Affected the Iranian 
Economy.
    On March 14, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
State Department a report required by the Iran Threat Reduction 
and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 notifying of the imposition 
of sanctions on Greek national Dr. Dimitris Cambis and Impire 
Shipping.
    On April 8, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report under Section 220 of the Iran 
and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, listing persons identified 
as facilitating direct access to the Central Bank of Iran.
    On April 12, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of State a report on Societe Anonyme Monegasque 
D'Administration Monegasque et D'Administration Maritime et 
Aerienne Tanker Pacific Management Singapore pertaining to Iran 
sanctions.
    On May 7, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report under Section 211 of the Iran 
Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
    On May 7, 2013, the Committee received from U.S. Department 
of Treasury a report under Sections 301 and 302 of the Iran 
Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
    On May 30, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of State a report on implementing Sections 105 and 
105B of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions Accountability and 
Divestment Act of 2010.
    On May 31, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of State a report on imposing sanctions against the 
Ferland Company pursuant to the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as 
amended by the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act 
of 2012.
    On June 24, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of State a report pursuant to Section 303 of the 
Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 
regarding whether any government agencies or foreign countries 
knowingly and materially assisted, sponsored, or provided 
financial, material, or technological support to Iran's 
Revolutionary Guard Corps.
    On July 3, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report under Section 220 of the Iran 
Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
    On July 5, 2013, the Committee received from U.S. 
Department of State a report on whether Iran has been using 
materials for exchange as described in section 1245 of the 2012 
National Defense Authorization Act, among other issues.
    On July 8, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report under Section 220 of the Iran 
Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 regarding 
specialized financial messaging services to the Central Bank of 
Iran and other financial institutions.
    On August 7, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report under section 211 of the Iran 
Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 identifying 
operators of vessels and other persons that conduct or 
facilitate significant financial transactions with persons that 
manage ports in Iran that have been designated for the 
imposition of sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act.
    On August 29, 2013, the Committee received from the GAO a 
report required under the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human 
Rights Act of 2012 entitled ``U.S. Agencies Information on 
Entities That May Have Provided Ships or Insurance to Transport 
Refined Petroleum Products to Iran.''
    On September 10, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of State a report on 2012 global trade relating to 
Iran.
    On November 22, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report regarding Section 302(a) of the 
Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
    On November 22, 2013, the Committee received from the U.S. 
Department of Treasury a report regarding Section 211 of the 
Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.

12. Implemented Trade Agreements

    Actions Taken: The Committee continued its oversight of 
implemented agreements with Australia, Bahrain, Canada and 
Mexico, the five Central American countries and the Dominican 
Republic, Chile, Colombia, Israel, Jordan, Korea, Morocco, 
Oman, Panama, Peru, and Singapore.
    On July 18, 2013, the Committee held a hearing on the U.S. 
trade agenda. Among the current trade issues covered was the 
status of implementation of trade agreements, including the 
most recent three agreements with Colombia, Korea, and Panama. 
Ambassador Michael Froman, United States Trade Representative, 
testified before the Committee on the Administration's views on 
these issues.

13. Trade Adjustment Assistance

    Actions Taken: The Committee continued its oversight and 
its assessment concerning the operation of the Trade Adjustment 
Assistance programs for Workers, Firms, Communities, and 
Farmers.
    On December 15, 2012, the Committee received from the 
Department of Commerce the TAA Annual Report for Fiscal Year 
2012.
    On March 13, 2013, Chairman Camp exchanged letters with 
Education and Workforce Committee Chairman Kline regarding H.R. 
803, the ``Knowledge and Investing in Lifelong Skills Act.''
    On May 22, 2013, the Committee received from the Department 
of Labor its Trade Adjustment Assistance Annual Report for 
Fiscal Year 2012.
    On June 27, 2013, the Committee received a memorandum from 
the Department of Commerce regarding the allocation of funds 
for the Trade Adjustment Assistance Centers for FY 2013.
    On August 27, 2013, the Committee received from the 
Department of Labor a report on the Trade Adjustment Assistance 
Community College and Career Training (TAACCCT) Grant Program 
for Fiscal Year 2012.

14. Priorities of the Office of the United States Trade Representative

    Actions Taken: On July 18, 2013, the full Committee 
received testimony from Ambassador Michael Froman, the United 
States Trade Representative, on current and future trade issues 
and USTR priorities.
    The Committee held consultations and staff briefings with 
USTR to discuss its budget and priorities, including the impact 
of sequestration on the agency.
    On March 22, 2013, Chairman Camp, along with Ranking Member 
Levin, Senate Finance Chairman Baucus, and Senate Finance 
Ranking Member Hatch, sent a letter to the Office of Management 
and Budget regarding funding of USTR's Interagency Trade 
Enforcement Center (ITEC) and funding of the U.S. Department of 
Commerce's International Trade Administration in the Continuing 
Appropriations Act 2013 (H.R. 933).
    The Committee also followed closely the Commerce, Justice, 
Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations legislation 
considered by the Appropriations Committee on July 17, 2013, 
which included USTR's FY 14 appropriation.

15. Priorities of the United States International Trade Commission

    Actions Taken: The Committee continued its oversight over 
the Commission concerning overall priorities and operations, 
examining the Commission's budget and financial statements and 
engaging in regular consultations with the agency. The 
Committee also followed closely the Commerce, Justice, Science, 
and Related Agencies Appropriations legislation considered by 
the Appropriations Committee on July 17, 2013, which included 
the ITC's FY 14 appropriation.
    On November 29, 2013, the Committee received the semiannual 
report of the Inspector General of the International Trade 
Commission. In December 2013, the Committee received from the 
ITC its Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2014-2018.

16. Priorities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection

    Actions Taken: The Committee continued its oversight 
concerning customs revenue functions and trade facilitation, 
including enforcement of U.S. trade and customs laws and 
regulations. Regular Committee staff sessions with Customs and 
Border Protection (CBP) have provided the Committee with 
valuable information concerning these issues.
    On December 17, 2012, then-Trade Subcommittee Chairman 
Kevin Brady introduced H.R. 6642, the ``Customs Trade 
Facilitation and Enforcement Act of 2012,'' to address 
streamlining, facilitating, and modernizing Customs functions, 
as well as improving enforcement of U.S. laws, including 
antidumping and countervailing duty laws, through the inclusion 
of H.R. 5708 (Representative Boustany). On December 13, 2012, 
Ranking Member Sander Levin and then-Trade Subcommittee Ranking 
Member Jim McDermott introduced H.R. 6656. The Committee 
received comments on these bills from numerous stakeholders and 
is considering potential changes to reflect these comments, as 
appropriate. On January 4, 2013, Representative Charles 
Boustany reintroduced his bill in the 113th Congress, H.R. 166, 
to prevent the evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty 
orders.
    On January 25, 2013, the Committee received from CBP the 
Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) Fourth Quarter Fiscal 
Year 2012 Report to Congress.
    On April 29, 2013, the Committee received from CBP the 
Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) First Quarter Fiscal 
Year 2013 Report to Congress.
    On May 16, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter signed by 
Ranking Member Levin, Senate Finance Chairman Baucus, and 
Senate Finance Ranking Member Hatch to the Department of 
Homeland Security expressing concern over U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection fee reimbursement programs. The Committee 
received a response from the Department of Homeland Security on 
July 8, 2013.
    On July 9, 2013, the Committee received from CBP the 
Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) Second Quarter Fiscal 
Year 2013 Report to Congress.
    On July 19, 2013, the Committee received from CBP the 
report Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Enforcement Actions 
and Compliance Initiatives: FY 2012.
    On September 16, 2013, the Committee received from the 
Department of Homeland Security the Report Pursuant to the 
Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 on Cargo 
Scanning.
    On September 19, 2013, the Committee received from CBP the 
Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) Third Quarter Fiscal 
Year 2013 Report to Congress.

                         SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH

1. Medicare Part A and Part B (Fee-for-Service Providers)

    Action Taken: On June 20, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health 
received testimony on Medicare's financial situation as 
detailed by the 2013 Medicare Trustees report from (i) Charles 
P. Blahous, Ph.D., Public Trustee, Social Security and Medicare 
Boards of Trustees; and (ii) Robert Reischauer, Ph.D., Public 
Trustee, Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees.

2. Priorities of the Department of Health and Human Services and the 
        Implementation of the Affordable Care Act

    Action Taken: On July 10, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health 
received testimony on the Obama Administration's decision to 
delay the employer mandate and the employer information 
reporting requirements under the Affordable Care Act from (i) 
Avik Roy, Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute; (ii) James 
Capretta, Fellow, Ethics and Public Policy Center; (iii) 
William Dennis Jr., Senior Research Fellow, National Federation 
of Independent Business; (iv) Sean Falk, Owner, WolFTeaM LLC, 
President, Nachogang LLC, on behalf of the International 
Franchise Association; and (v) Timothy Jost, Robert L Willett 
Family Professor of Law, Washington and Lee University School 
of Law.
    On July 17, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on the Obama Administration's decision to delay the 
penalties for the employer mandate and the employer information 
reporting requirements under the Affordable Care Act from (i) 
J. Mark Iwry, Sr. Advisor to the Secretary and Deputy Assistant 
Secretary for Retirement and Health Policy, US Department of 
the Treasury.
    On August 1, 2013, the full Committee received testimony on 
the status of the Affordable Care Act's implementation from (i) 
Gary Cohen, Deputy Administrator and Director, Center for 
Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight, Centers for 
Medicare & Medicaid Services, U.S. Department of Health and 
Human Services, and (ii) Daniel Werfel, Principal Deputy 
Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner for Services and 
Enforcement Internal Revenue Service.
    On October 29, 2013 the full Committee received testimony 
on the status of the Obama Administration's implementation of 
the Affordable Care Act from Marilyn Tavenner, Administrator, 
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, U.S. Department of 
Health and Human Services.
    On December 4, 2013, the Subcommittee on Health received 
testimony on the challenges facing the implementation of 
ObamaCare from (i) Chris Carlson, FSA, MAAA, Principal, Oliver 
Wyman Actuarial Consulting, Inc.; (ii) Grace-Marie Turner, 
Founder, President and Trustee, Galen Institute; (iii) Scott 
Gottlieb, Resident Fellow, The American Enterprise Institute; 
and (iv) the Honorable Mike Kreidler, Insurance Commissioner, 
Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner.

                    SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES

1. Protect Work Requirements in TANF

    Action Taken: On February 28, 2013, the Subcommittee on 
Human Resources received testimony on HHS' proposed waivers of 
TANF work requirements from (i) The Honorable Orrin G. Hatch, 
U.S. Senator from the State of Utah; (ii) Kay E. Brown, 
Director, Education, Workforce, and Income Security, U.S. 
Government Accountability Office (GAO); (iii) Jason Turner, 
Executive Director, Secretary's Innovation Group; 
(iv)?Elizabeth Lower-Basch, Policy Coordinator and Senior 
Policy Analyst, Center for Law and Social Policy; and (v) 
Douglas Besharov,Professor, School of Public Policy, University 
of Maryland. On February 28, 2013, the Committee on Ways and 
Means Chairman, Dave Camp, along with twenty-three cosponsors 
introduced H.R. 890, the ``Preserving Work Requirements for 
Welfare Programs Act of 2013,'' to prohibit HHS from waiving 
work requirements in TANF, which bill was subsequently marked 
up by the Committee and passed the House by a vote of 246 to 
181.

2. Review Implementation of Reforms to Unemployment Benefits

    Action Taken: On April 16, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human 
Resources received testimony on the implementation of reforms 
to unemployment benefits enacted in P.L. 112-96, the ``Middle 
Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act,'' from (i) Bill Starks, 
Director, Unemployment Insurance Division, Utah Department of 
Workforce Services; (ii) The Honorable Tommy Williams, Texas 
State Senate, District 4; (iii) Rich Hobbie, Executive 
Director, National Association of State Workforce Agencies; 
(iv) Larry Kidd, Principal/CEO of Reliable Staffing Services 
and RSS Professional, LLC; and (v) Judy Conti, Federal Advocacy 
Coordinator, National Employment Law Project.

3. Conduct Oversight of the Unemployment Insurance Program

    Action Taken: On September 11, 2013, the Subcommittee on 
Human Resources received testimony on possible measures to 
improve the integrity of the UI program, including H.R. 2826, 
the ``Permanently Ending Receipt by Prisoners (PERP) Act'' 
from: (i) Julia Hearthway, Secretary of Labor and Industry, 
Pennsylvania; (ii) Scott Sanders, Commissioner, Department of 
Workforce Development, Indiana; (iii) Doug Holmes, President, 
UWC--Strategic Services on Unemployment & Workers' 
Compensation; (iv) Valerie Melvin, Director, Information 
Management and Technology Resources Issues, Government 
Accountability Office (GAO); and (v) Sharon Dietrich, Managing 
Attorney, Community Legal Services.

4. Review Possible Reforms to Current Welfare State

    Action Taken: On June 18, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human 
Resources received testimony on current programs designed to 
assist low-income individuals and families, how they can create 
disincentives to increasing earnings, and how they often fail 
to address factors that caused individuals to seek assistance 
in the first place from: (i) Jeffrey Kling, Ph.D., Associate 
Director for Economic Analysis, Congressional Budget Office; 
(ii) Lawrence M. Mead, Ph.D., Professor, Department of 
Politics, New York University; (iii) Jennifer Tiller, DC 
Director, America Works and Sada Randolph, former America Works 
client; (iv) Casey Mulligan, Ph.D., Professor, Department of 
Economics, University of Chicago; and (v) Eric Rodriguez, Vice 
President, Office of Research, Advocacy, and Legislation, 
National Council of La Raza. Witnesses focused on the 
importance of coordinating benefits for low-income families so 
that they better support, encourage, and reward work.
    On July 17, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on what is known about the effectiveness of 
current programs designed to assist low-income families and 
individuals, how Congress can ensure more social programs are 
rigorously evaluated to determine their impact, and how high-
quality evidence can best be used to inform the design of 
social programs at the Federal level from: (i) Jon Baron, 
President, Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy; (ii) Kristen 
Cox, Executive Director, Utah Governor's Office of Management 
and Budget; (iii) Steve Aos, Director, Washington State 
Institute for Public Policy; (iv) David B. Muhlhausen, Ph.D., 
Research Fellow, Empirical Policy Analysis, The Heritage 
Foundation; and (v) Tara Smith, Research Associate, Ray 
Marshall Center, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, 
The University of Texas. Witnesses discussed how little 
evidence exists about the effects of policies to assist low-
income families and how a rigorous, data-driven approach is 
needed to focus Federal spending on those programs that have 
been shown to be most effective.
    On July 31, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human Resources 
received testimony on how States have used flexibility in the 
past to improve services for low-income families and 
individuals, and how current safety net programs can be better 
coordinated to provide more effective assistance to those in 
need from: (i) Eloise Anderson, Secretary, Wisconsin Department 
of Children and Families; (ii) Clarence Carter, Director, 
Arizona Department of Economic Security; (iii) Michelle 
Saddler, Secretary, Illinois Department of Human Services; and 
(iv) Larry Woods, Chief Executive Officer, Housing Authority of 
Winston-Salem. Witnesses discussed the importance of 
administrative flexibility in coordinating low-income benefits 
and how this flexibility can allow officials at the State and 
local level to deliver benefits more effectively.

5. Promote Adoptions from Foster Care

    Action Taken: On February 27, 2013, the Subcommittee on 
Human Resources received testimony on successful efforts to 
increase adoptions of children from foster care. Leaders of 
several private organizations who have achieved significant 
success testified about their programs, as well as their views 
on reauthorizing the Adoption Incentives program. Individuals 
testifying included: (i) Rita Soronen, President and CEO, Dave 
Thomas Foundation for Adoption; (ii) Kelly Rosati, Vice 
President of Community Outreach, Focus on the Family; (iii) Pat 
O'Brien, Executive Director, You Gotta Believe!; and (iv) 
Nicole Dobbins, Executive Director, Voice for Adoption. 
Witnesses spoke about the importance of encouraging adoptions 
of older children and shared their experiences in facilitating 
adoptions of older youth.
    On September 27, 2013, the Committee on Ways and Means 
Chairman Dave Camp, Ranking Member Sandy Levin, Human Resources 
Subcommittee Chairman Dave Reichert, and Human Resources 
Subcommittee Ranking Member Lloyd Doggett, along with ten other 
cosponsors introduced H.R. 3205, the ``Promoting Adoption and 
Legal Guardianship for Children in Foster Care Act.'' The bill, 
which reauthorizes the Adoption Incentives program for three 
years and makes certain improvements to it, was approved by the 
House on October 22, 2013, by a vote of 402 to 0.

6. Promote Normalcy in Foster Care

    Action Taken: On May 9, 2013, the Subcommittee on Human 
Resources received testimony on policies and practices that 
limit opportunities for foster youth and heard about recent 
State efforts to allow foster parents and foster youth to make 
reasonable decisions about the youth's participation in 
everyday events and activities from: (i) The Honorable Nancy 
Detert, Florida Senate Senator, District 28; (ii) Talitha 
James, Foster Youth Fellow, Kidsave; (iii) Irene Clements, 
President, National Foster Parent Association; (iv) David 
Wilkins, Secretary, Florida Department of Children and Families 
and Tanya Wilkins, Advocate for Foster Care and Adoption, 
Governor's Office of Adoption and Child Protection; and (v) 
Lynn Tiede, Senior Associate Director for Policy, Jim Casey 
Youth Opportunities Initiative. Witnesses discussed ways in 
which States have provided foster parents with more authority 
to make day-to-day decisions for youth in their care and how 
State policies might be changed to improve the lives of youth 
in foster care.

7. Address Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care

    Action Taken: On October 23, 2013, the Subcommittee on 
Human Resources received testimony on how the child welfare 
system currently works to prevent the sex trafficking of youth 
in foster care, how the needs of sex trafficking victims are 
addressed, and how Federal laws and policies might be improved 
to better ensure the safety and well-being of youth at risk of 
abuse and neglect from: (i) The Honorable Erik Paulsen, U.S. 
Representative from the State of Minnesota; (ii) The Honorable 
Louise Slaughter, U.S. Representative from the State of New 
York; (iii) The Honorable Ted Poe, U.S. Representative from the 
State of Texas; (iv) The Honorable Karen Bass, U.S. 
Representative from the State of California; (v) The Honorable 
Orrin G. Hatch, U.S. Senator from the State of Utah; (vi) 
Withelma ``T'' Ortiz Walker Pettigrew, Board Member, Human 
Rights Project for Girls; (vii) John Ryan, CEO, National Center 
for Missing and Exploited Children; (viii) The Honorable Bobbe 
J. Bridge, President, CEO and Founder, Center for Children and 
Youth Justice; (ix) Melinda Giovengo, Ph.D., Executive 
Director, YouthCare; and (x) Ashley Harris, Child Welfare 
Policy Associate, Texans Care For Children. Witnesses discussed 
the importance of collecting better data on victims of sex 
trafficking and ensuring that instances of sex trafficking are 
reported to law enforcement. Witnesses also discussed how child 
welfare policies might be changed to reduce the likelihood that 
youth in foster care will become victims of sex trafficking.

1. Securing the Future of Social Security

    Action Taken: On April 18, 2013, the Subcommittee held the 
first in a series of hearings on the President's and other 
bipartisan entitlement reform proposals. During this hearing, 
the Subcommittee heard testimony from experts on using the 
Chained Consumer Price Index (C-CPI) to determine the Social 
Security cost of living adjustment. The Subcommittee received 
testimony from (i) Erica L. Groshen, Commissioner, accompanied 
by Michael W. Horrigan, Ph.D., Associate Commissioner, Office 
of Prices and Living Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
Department of Labor; (ii) Jeffrey Kling, Ph.D., Associate 
Director for Economic Analysis, Congressional Budget Office; 
(iii) Ed Lorenzen, Executive Director, The Moment of Truth 
Project, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget; (iv) Nancy 
Altman, Co-Chair, Strengthen Social Security Coalition; and (v) 
Charles P. Blahous III, Ph.D., Trustee, Social Security and 
Medicare Boards of Trustees. Commissioner Groshen stated the 
Consumer Price Index for urban wage earners and clerical 
workers (CPI-W) does not best represent the actual cost of 
living for retirees, the self-employed, and households of 
professionals. The C-CPI, compared with the CPI-W, better 
accounts for how consumers substitute goods when faced with 
price changes. Opponents argue that the C-CPI understates 
inflation experienced by older Americans because of their 
higher healthcare costs and limited ability to make 
substitutions, with some arguing for the use of the Consumer 
Price Index for the Elderly (CPI-E). According to Commissioner 
Groshen, the CPI-E is an experimental index based on sample 
sizes smaller than the ones used by the CPI-W. Additionally, 
the CPI-E may not accurately reflect the consumer spending 
habits of all Social Security beneficiaries, including 
individuals with disabilities and children. Several witnesses 
generally acknowledged that using the C-CPI to measure 
inflation, which was included in President Obama's fiscal year 
2014 Budget, represents a more accurate measure of overall 
changes of the cost of living used to calculate government 
payments, including Social Security benefits. Some witnesses 
also argued for its inclusion as part of a larger reform 
package to protect and preserve Social Security.
    On May 23, 2013, the Subcommittee held a hearing on the 
President's and other bipartisan entitlement reform proposals. 
The hearing was the third in a series focusing specifically on 
proposed adjustments to Social Security benefits, as included 
in the report by the National Commission on Fiscal 
Responsibility and Reform, and the report of the Bipartisan 
Policy Center's Debt Reduction Task Force. Testimony was 
received from (i) Ed Lorenzen, Executive Director, The Moment 
of Truth Project, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget; 
(ii) G. William Hoagland, Senior Vice President, Bipartisan 
Policy Center; (iii) Jason Fichtner, Senior Research Fellow, 
Mercatus Center; (iv) Leticia Miranda, Senior Policy Advisor, 
Economic Security Policy, National Council of La Raza; (v) 
Donald Fuerst, Senior Pension Fellow, American Academy of 
Actuaries; and (vi) C. Eugene Steuerle, Institute Fellow, Urban 
Institute. Witnesses discussed bipartisan reform options and 
their effects on the financial health of the program. One 
option discussed would slow the growth of benefits for higher 
income individuals by making the benefit formula more 
progressive. A second option would raise the retirement age to 
better account for increases in life expectancy. A third option 
would increase benefits for specific groups who are considered 
poorly served by the current benefit structure, such as 
establishing a special minimum benefit for those with long 
careers but low lifetime earnings. If no action is taken, 
beneficiaries will experience an across the board cut in 2033 
when the Social Security trust funds are unable to pay full 
benefits. Instead, benefit adjustments could be targeted in 
order to protect vulnerable populations while preserving the 
program for future generations. All witnesses emphasized the 
need to act soon in order to protect Social Security and ensure 
the program continues to be there for those who need it most.

2. Strengthening the Disability Insurance (DI) Program

    Actions Taken: On March 14, 2013, the Subcommittee held a 
hearing on the financing challenges facing the Social Security 
Disability Insurance (SSDI) Program. The Subcommittee received 
testimony from (i) Joyce M. Manchester, Ph.D., Chief, Long-Term 
Analysis Unit, Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis 
Division, Congressional Budget Office and (ii) Stephen C. Goss, 
Chief Actuary, Social Security Administration. Witnesses 
discussed the changes in demographics, federal policy, and 
employment opportunities that drive the increased costs of the 
disability insurance program; the essential income security 
that the SSDI program provides; and the fact that program 
revenues will only be able to pay 79 percent of benefits by 
2016. Witnesses stressed the need to act soon to reform the 
program.
    On March 20, 2013, the Subcommittee held a hearing on the 
challenges of achieving fair and consistent disability 
decisions. The Subcommittee received testimony from (i) Patrick 
P. O'Carroll, Jr., Inspector General, Social Security 
Administration, accompanied by Heather Hermann, National 
Coordinator, Cooperative Disability Investigations Program, 
Office of the Inspector General; (ii) Arthur R. Spencer, 
Associate Commissioner, Office of Disability Programs, Social 
Security Administration; (iii) Kathy Ruffing, Senior Fellow, 
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; (iv) Trudy Lyon-Hart, 
Director, Office of Disability Determination Services, Vermont 
Agency of Human Services, on behalf of the National Council of 
Disability Determination Directors; and (v) David Hatfield, 
Administrative Law Judge (Retired). The hearing focused on the 
policies that have expanded the role of subjective evaluations 
in determining awards; how these policies may result in 
unexplained variations in decision making; how these policies 
undermine consistency and fairness in decisions; and anti-fraud 
initiatives that keep undeserving individuals from receiving 
benefits. Witnesses discussed the need to restructure the 
definition of disability from one focused on an inability to 
work to one instead focused on function.
    On June 19, 2013, the Subcommittee held a hearing on 
encouraging work through the Social Security Disability 
Insurance program. Testimony was received from (i) Mark G. 
Duggan, Ph.D., Professor, The Wharton School, University of 
Pennsylvania; (ii) Mary C. Daly, Ph.D., Group Vice President 
and Associate Director of Research, Federal Reserve Bank of San 
Francisco; (iii) Kevin Ufier, National Director Managed 
Disability, GENEX Services; (iv) Lisa D. Ekman, Director of 
Federal Policy, Health & Disability Advocates, on behalf of the 
Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities Social Security Task 
Force; (v) James Smith, Budget and Policy Manager, Division of 
Vocational Rehabilitation, Vermont Agency of Human Services; 
(vi) David Weaver, Ph.D., Associate Commissioner, Office of 
Program Development and Research, accompanied by Robert 
Williams, Associated Commissioner, Office of Employment Support 
Programs, Social Security Administration. Witnesses discussed 
the impact of the SSDI program on the economy, efforts by the 
Social Security Administration (SSA) to return individuals to 
work, efforts internationally to return individuals to work, 
and other options to encourage work. Witnesses argued for the 
need to reexamine the SSA's return to work programs to enable 
more individuals to leave the rolls and seek gainful 
employment. Specifically, witnesses were critical of Social 
Security's work support programs for their inability to 
incentivize more beneficiaries to leave the rolls and their 
lack of performance requirements. One reform discussed was 
replacing the current ``cash cliff'' where beneficiaries are 
ultimately ineligible for benefits should their earnings exceed 
the substantial gainful activity level ($1040 in 2013 for those 
who are not blind) with a benefit offset approach similar to 
the Supplemental Security Income program. Instead of 
terminating benefits once earnings exceed a predetermined 
threshold, benefits would instead be gradually reduced by a 
fixed ratio above a certain amount. Other reforms discussed 
were to offer vocational and health benefits in lieu of cash 
benefits; create incentives for firms to keep workers employed; 
simplify earnings rules for beneficiaries; and allow States 
more authority to target certain revenue streams to reduce SSDI 
applications.
    Other Actions Taken: On April 11, 2013, Social Security 
Subcommittee Chairman Johnson, along with other members of the 
Committee on Ways and Means, introduced H.R. 1502, ``The Social 
Security Disability Insurance and Unemployment Benefits Double 
Dip Elimination Act of 2013.'' The legislation would end the 
ability to double dip by receiving SSDI and Unemployment 
Insurance (UI) at the same time, as eligibility for SSDI 
depends on the inability to work due to a disability while UI 
eligibility requires an individual to be able and available to 
work. A July 2012 report from the Government Accountability 
Office (GAO) estimated that at least 117,000 individuals are 
receiving concurrent SSDI and UI benefits in fiscal year (FY) 
2010, and overlapping cash benefits paid to these individuals 
totaled over $281 million from DI and more than $575 million 
from UI. The President's FY 2014 budget included a similar 
provision to prevent double dipping.
    On December 5, 2013, Subcommittee Chairman Johnson was 
added as a co-requester of a GAO review of the Social Security 
Administration's efforts to guard against fraud in its 
disability programs. This review was requested by Ranking 
Member Orrin G. Hatch, Senate Committee on Finance.

3. Stewardship of Social Security Programs

    Actions Taken: On June 5, 2013, the Subcommittee held a 
hearing on how Social Security protects the benefits of those 
who cannot protect themselves through the representative payee 
program. The hearing focused on the findings of the GAO report 
on the program's challenges, requested by Subcommittee Chairman 
Johnson and other members of the Committee during the 112th 
Congress. The report found that the SSA struggles to 
effectively administer the representative payee program, 
despite steps taken to address its challenges in identifying, 
selecting, and monitoring representative payees. Testimony was 
received from (i) Daniel Bertoni, Director, Education, 
Workforce, and Income Security, Government Accountability 
Office; (ii) LaTina Burse Greene, Assistant Deputy Commissioner 
for Retirement and Disability Policy, Social Security 
Administration; and (iii) Elmer L. Cerano, Executive Director, 
Michigan Protection & Advocacy Service, on behalf of the 
National Disability Rights Network. Witnesses highlighted the 
SSA's challenges managing and overseeing the program, including 
maintaining a pool of representative payees and monitoring 
payees' use of beneficiaries' SSA funds. Witnesses also 
stressed the need for the SSA to develop a long-term strategy, 
develop ways to prevent criminals from serving as 
representative payees, and recruit a larger number of qualified 
payees in anticipation of demand for payees.
    On September 19, 2013, the Subcommittee held a hearing on 
the Social Security disability fraud conspiracy in Puerto Rico. 
The Subcommittee received testimony from (i) Patrick P. 
O'Carroll, Jr., Inspector General, Social Security 
Administration, accompanied by Paul C. Lillios, Associate Chief 
Administrative Law Judge, Social Security Administration, and 
(ii) Beatrice M. Disman, Regional Commissioner, New York 
Region, Social Security Administration. The hearing focused on 
the investigation in Puerto Rico resulting in the arrest and 
indictment of seventy-five individuals for Social Security 
fraud, the SSA's oversight of the Social Security Disability 
Insurance program in Puerto Rico, and Social Security's ongoing 
efforts to prevent fraud. Witnesses discussed the effectiveness 
of current fraud detection processes that allowed for the 
uncovering of conspiracy in Puerto Rico and argued for 
continued and improved measures to further fight fraud 
nationwide.
    Other Actions Taken: On November 18, 2011, Subcommittee 
Chairman Johnson and other members of the Committee on Ways and 
Means requested a report by the GAO to determine the 
effectiveness of the SSA's representative payee program, in the 
wake of the horrific treatment of beneficiaries found in 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On May 29, 2013, the GAO issued 
their final report, ``SSA Representative Payee Program: 
Addressing Long-Term Challenges Requires a More Strategic 
Approach.'' The GAO found that the SSA struggles to effectively 
administer the representative payee program, despite steps 
taken to address its challenges in identifying, selecting, and 
monitoring representative payees. The GAO's report cited 
experts and stakeholders who suggested the program could be 
improved by increasing the pool of readily available 
representative payees, as well as by refining monitoring 
practices. The experts interviewed by the GAO in the report 
identified tradeoffs in those recommendations, citing the need 
to balance potential benefits of SSA workload reductions with a 
heightened risk of benefit misuse by payees. The report 
concluded by emphasizing that the SSA has not fully evaluated 
representative payee program reform options.

4. Protecting the Privacy of Social Security Numbers (SSN)

    Actions Taken: On February 5, 2013, Subcommittee Chairman 
Johnson, along with 6 cosponsors, introduced H.R. 781, the 
``Medicare Identity Theft Prevention Act of 2013.'' The bill 
would prohibit the inclusion of SSNs on seniors' Medicare cards 
to guard against identity theft and fraud. A recent report by 
the GAO confirmed that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid 
could remove the SSN on seniors' Medicare cards. Similar 
legislation, H.R. 1509, was passed by the House during the 
112th Congress.
    On October 10, 2013, Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social 
Security Chairman Johnson and Subcommittee on Health Chairman 
Kevin Brady released a report by the GAO confirming that the 
CMS could have easily incorporated plans to remove the SSN on 
seniors' Medicare cards to guard against identity theft and 
fraud. Nearly a decade ago, the Bush Administration issued an 
order to remove all SSNs from public documents. Other agencies 
have complied, but the GAO report shows the CMS has not even 
begun to initiate such a project even though GAO indicates the 
agency's information technology systems could incorporate a 
simple translation strategy to make the change. The report was 
initially requested on September 7, 2012, by Subcommittee 
Chairman Johnson and then Subcommittee on Health Chairman 
Herger asking GAO to further study CMS's efforts to find a 
credible solution to remove SSNs from Medicare cards.

5. SSA's Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure

    Actions Taken: On August 2, 2012, Subcommittee Chairman 
Johnson requested a report from the SSA Office of Inspector 
General (OIG) to review the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) 
between the SSA and the General Services Administration (GSA) 
regarding the SSA's lease agreements for space. On December 28, 
2012, the OIG issued its final report, ``Memorandum of 
Understanding Between the General Services Administration and 
the Social Security Administration.'' The report concluded that 
critical elements of the MoU are not clear or are missing, 
including an articulation of rent charged to the SSA for the 
buildings the SSA purchased and the accounting process for 
purchasing trust fund buildings purchased. The report 
recommended legislation to return to the Social Security trust 
funds proceeds obtained from the disposal of property purchased 
with Social Security trust fund assets, and reduce or eliminate 
indirect costs and fees paid to the GSA for trust fund 
buildings. The report also recommended legislation to ensure 
the SSA does not pay rent and other expenses to the GSA for the 
SSA's new data center for which the SSA was directly 
appropriated funding. The report concluded that the current MoU 
should remain in use, but should enumerate the accounting 
treatment of trust fund properties, allow the SSA or the OIG to 
perform a review of any building costs, develop a description 
and example of the year-end reconciliation process, and specify 
all the information required for interagency agreements as set 
forth in the SSA's Administrative Instructions Manual System.

6. Deployment of Resources

    Action Taken: On April 26, 2013, the Subcommittee held a 
hearing on the challenges facing the next Commissioner of 
Social Security. Michael Astrue, who was appointed as 
Commissioner by President George W. Bush, ended his term in 
January 2013 and then Deputy Commissioner Carolyn Colvin was 
named Acting Commissioner. Testimony was received from (i) 
Patrick P. O'Carroll Jr., Inspector General, Social Security 
Administration and (ii) Daniel Bertoni, Director, Education, 
Workforce, and Income Security, Government Accountability 
Office. The witnesses discussed the SSA's key management 
challenges, including human capital, disability program issues, 
information technology, physical infrastructure and program 
integrity, along with the importance of the SSA developing a 
long-term service delivery strategy to address these 
challenges. Witnesses also pointed out that the SSA has not had 
an entity or individual dedicated to strategic planning since 
2008. Witnesses argued that without a long-term strategy, the 
agency is poorly positioned to make informed decisions about 
the critical functions needed to meet service demands and 
retain public confidence in the agency's management of its 
programs.
    Other Actions Taken: On September 4, 2012, Subcommittee 
Chairman Johnson sent a letter to the SSA Office of Inspector 
General (OIG) requesting information regarding the SSA's recent 
awarding of grants for the Disability Research Consortium to 
Mathematica Policy Research and the National Bureau of Economic 
Research. The letter requested the following information: the 
amounts, time periods, and recipients of the grants; the 
specific projects being funded and outside projects the funds 
could be used for; the selection process and criteria for 
projects; and the outreach process prior to receipt of 
applications. The report, ``The Social Security 
Administration's Disability Research Consortium,'' was issued 
on February 1, 2013. According to the OIG, the SSA awarded 5-
year cooperative agreements from 2012 to 2017 for a total of $5 
million. The SSA assigned a program official to arrange an 
external panel of experts to review and score the applications, 
similar to the practices of other prominent nonprofit and 
government institutions. Applications were solicited on one or 
more websites and several institutions, including the SSA, and 
technical assistance was provided during the application 
process.

     C. Oversight Letters Issued by the Committee on Ways and Means


1. Letter to CMS Regarding the Self-Referral Disclosure Program

    On January 14, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to CMS 
Acting Administrator Tavenner regarding CMS's statutorily 
mandated annual report on the self-referral disclosure protocol 
(SDRP). The protocol allows Medicare providers and suppliers to 
self-disclose actual or potential violations of the physician 
self-referral statute. The letter requested information about 
all SDRP submissions since the start of the program.

2. Letter to HHS and DOJ Regarding the Health Care Fraud and Abuse 
        Control Program

    On January 14, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to HHS 
Secretary Sebelius and Attorney General Holder regarding the 
Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program (HCFAC). HCFAC was 
established as part of the Health Insurance Portability and 
Accountability Act of 1996 and amended by the Tax Relief and 
Health Care Act. The program is funded largely by the Medicare 
trust funds and funds are distributed to the HHS Inspector 
General, CMS, United States Attorneys, FBI, and other entities. 
The letter requested detailed information regarding the 
distribution of HCFAC funds.

3. Letter to HHS Regarding Inaccurate Health Care Data

    On January 25, 2013, Chairman Camp and Subcommittee on 
Health Chairman Brady sent a letter to Secretary Sebelius 
regarding concerns over inaccurate health care data at the 
Department of Health and Human Services involving cost 
contracts and their ability to accurately retain accurate 
information in the upcoming health insurance exchanges.

4. Letter to Treasury and IRS Regarding Health Insurance Premium Tax 
        Credits

    On January 29, 2013, Chairman Camp and Oversight and 
Government Reform Committee Chairman Issa sent a letter to 
Acting Treasury Secretary Wolin and Acting IRS Commissioner 
Miller regarding the Treasury and IRS proposed and final rules 
on health insurance premium tax credits contained in the 
Affordable Care Act. The letter follows a series of letters 
from the 112th Congress, in which the Committee on Ways and 
Means and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform 
sought regulatory and legal analysis pertaining to the rule, as 
well as documents and communications referring to the rule. The 
letter requested unredacted versions of all documents produced 
thus far and an update on the Committees' document request.

5. Letter to IRS Regarding the Registered Tax Return Preparer Program

    On January 31, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller regarding a January 
18, 2013 U.S. District Court decision that held the IRS does 
not have the authority to license and regulate tax preparers 
under the Registered Tax Return Preparer Program (RTRP). The 
program was suspended in the middle of the 2013 tax-filing 
season. The letter requested a detailed description of the 
IRS's plans to address the U.S. District Court's decision.

6. Letter to HHS Regarding Waivers of Work Requirements in the TANF 
        Program

    On February 4, 2013, Chairman Camp and Senate Finance 
Committee Ranking Member Hatch sent a letter to HHS regarding 
the Secretary's July 2012 decision to allow States to seek 
waivers of work requirements in the Temporary Assistance for 
Needy Families program. The letter repeated Chairman Camp and 
Senator Hatch's request for information on how the Department 
determined it had such waiver authority, as well as asked why 
the agency had not submitted the waiver proposal after the 
Government Accountability Office determined it must be 
submitted to Congress for approval before taking effect.

7. Letter to HHS Regarding Affordable Care Act Public Relations 
        Contracts

    On February 5, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to HHS 
Secretary Sebelius following up on a series of letters, 
including a subpoena, from the 112th Congress, seeking details 
of the expenditure of taxpayer dollars to promote the Obama 
Administration's policies through public relations contracts. 
The letter requested all internal HHS communications relating 
to public relations activities within HHS.

8. Letter to IRS Regarding Television or Movie Parodies Produced at the 
        IRS

    On February 11, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller regarding reports 
given to Committee staff that the IRS had produced at least two 
parody videos at its New Carrollton, MD studio, one depicting 
characters from the television program ``Star Trek'' and the 
other characters from ``Gilligan's Island.'' These videos, 
according to the account, did not contain meaningful training 
content. The letter requested all records relating to the 
production of the videos, as well as an accounting of work-
hours and production costs dedicated to the production of the 
videos.

9. Letter to GAO Regarding Medicare Administrative Contractors

    On February 28, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Comptroller General Dodaro regarding Medicare 
Administrative Contractors (MACs). MACs are overseen by CMS and 
are responsible for paying Medicare claims and performing other 
claims administration-related functions. The letter requested 
that GAO undertake a study of MACs for the purpose of 
determining the effectiveness of the current MAC arrangement, 
and examining whether improvements could be made.

10. Letter to CMS Regarding Medicare Advantage Cuts

    On February 28, 2013, Chairman Camp, Chairman Upton of the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce and Ranking Member Orrin Hatch 
of the Senate Committee on Finance sent a letter to Acting CMS 
Administrator Marilyn Tavenner demanding answers on cuts to 
Medicare Advantage Program under ObamaCare.

11. Letter to GAO Regarding Floating Rate Notes

    On March 18, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to 
Comptroller General Dodaro regarding Treasury's plan to add 
floating rate notes (FRNs) to its debt portfolio. FRNs were the 
first new type of Treasury security introduced since 1997, and 
it was unclear how they might affect Treasury operations, the 
market for U.S. debt, and the federal government's borrowing 
costs. The letter requested that GAO examine Treasury's 
rationale for introducing FRNs at that time, the information 
and analysis used to support Treasury's decision-making 
process, and steps Treasury has taken to implement FRNs.

12. Letter to IRS Regarding Television and Movie Parodies

    On March 20, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller, following a February 
11, 2013 letter regarding television and movie parodies 
produced by the IRS at its New Carrollton, MD television 
production studio. The letter indicated that the IRS's March 4, 
2013 response to the letter was materially incomplete, and 
requested an accounting of all costs associated with the 
production of the ``Star Trek'' video, any communications 
related to the video, and a detailed account of all taxpayer 
money spent by and through the New Carrollton, MD studio.

13. Letter to IRS Regarding Affordable Care Act Resources

    On March 21, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller regarding the 
resources the IRS was using to implement the ACA. The letter 
requested the amount of unreimbursed detailees made available 
to the IRS for ACA implementation, details surrounding any 
staff reassigned to ACA implementation duties, the total 
balance in the Health Insurance Reform Implementation Fund 
(HIRIF), and the cost and FTE the IRS would require to 
implement and administer the ACA over the next ten years.

14. Letter to HHS Regarding Affordable Care Act Draft Application

    On March 25, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to HHS Secretary Sebelius regarding the draft 
application for health insurance pursuant to the ACA. The 
letter requested all drafts of the list of questions, the 
titles of all individuals responsible for the document, 
information regarding the department's collection of voter 
information in the application, and information regarding the 
Navigator Program.

15. Letter to IRS Regarding Taxpayer Privacy

    On April 11, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller regarding media 
reports that it is the IRS's view that the agency does not need 
a search warrant to review certain electronic communications by 
private citizens, such as Facebook and Twitter. The letter 
requested information on the IRS's current policy on searching 
taxpayer emails, any internal communications regarding changes 
to the IRS's policies on searching taxpayer emails, the IRS's 
current policy on searching and reviewing taxpayer social media 
profiles, and the number of times the IRS searched taxpayer 
emails and social media profiles between 2010 and 2013.

16. Letter to IRS Regarding Union Activity on Official Time

    On April 18, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller regarding IRS 
employees attending National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU) 
conferences while on official time. Documents obtained by the 
Committee indicate the IRS approved union employees to spend 
20.5 hours of official time in union training per union chapter 
representative between March and May. The letter requested 
information regarding the number of hours IRS employees spent 
on union activity, IRS's travel expenses for union activity, 
all NTEU training materials, dates of NTEU conferences, and 
information about NTEU training itself.

17. Letter to DOL Regarding Data Exchange Standards in P.L. 112-96

    On April 26, 2013, the Republican members of the 
Subcommittee on Human Resources sent a letter to DOL expressing 
their views on how to improve the efficiency of data exchanges 
within and across human services programs.

18. Letter to DOL Regarding the Implementation of the Unemployment 
        Insurance Reforms Contained in P.L. 112-96

    On May 1, 2013, the Republican members of the Subcommittee 
on Human Resources, along with Health Subcommittee Chairman 
Brady, sent a letter to DOL to encourage the implementation of 
a provision in P.L. 112-96 that allowed the screening and 
testing of certain unemployment benefit claimants for illegal 
drugs. A follow up letter was sent on June 13, 2013.

19. Letter to IRS Regarding Tea Party Targeting

    On May 10, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a letter 
to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller regarding then-IRS Exempt 
Organizations Division Director Lois Lerner's May 10, 2013 
admission that the IRS engaged in targeting of conservative 
groups seeking tax-exempt status. The letter requested all 
communications containing the words ``tea party,'' ``patriot,'' 
or ``conservative,'' and asked that the IRS provide the names 
and titles of all individuals involved.

20. Letter to IRS Regarding the Targeting of Conservative Groups for 
        Tax-Exempt Status

    On May 14, 2013, Chairman Camp and Ranking Member Levin 
sent a letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Miller regarding the 
IRS's admission that it singled out organizations for 
additional review based on their political beliefs. The letter 
followed IRS Exempt Organizations Division Director Lois 
Lerner's May 10, 2013 admission that the IRS targeted certain 
taxpayers based on their political beliefs. The letter 
requested detailed information regarding the nature and extent 
of the targeting, asked about the preparation of the IRS's 
responses to Committee inquiries on the topic, and requested 
internal documents and communications with the White House and 
Treasury pertaining to the targeting.

21. Letter to HHS Requesting Information on the ACA's Navigators 
        Program

    On May 15, 2013, Chairman Boustany of the Subcommittee on 
Oversight and Chairman Brady of the Subcommittee on Health sent 
a letter to Secretary Sebelius requesting oversight and further 
information regarding the ACA's navigators program.

22. Letter to State Child Welfare Administrators

    On June 4, 2013, the entire Human Resources Subcommittee 
wrote a letter to State Child Welfare Administrators requesting 
feedback regarding state efforts to promote the normalcy of 
youth in foster care.

23. Letter to Treasury Regarding the Targeting of Conservative Groups 
        for Tax-Exempt Status

    On June 13, 2013, Chairman Camp, Oversight Subcommittee 
Chairman Boustany, Oversight and Government Reform Chairman 
Issa, and Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on 
Economic Growth, Job Creation and Regulatory Affairs Chairman 
Jordan sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Lew regarding 
Treasury's role in the IRS's targeting of conservative groups 
for tax-exempt status. The letter requested all documents 
relating to IRS procedures for evaluating tax-exempt 
applications, all pertinent communications between Treasury 
employees and IRS employees, all documents relating to the 
TIGTA audit report Inappropriate Criteria Were Used to Identify 
Tax-Exempt Applications for Review, and documents relating to 
correspondence with Congress.

24. Letter to HHS Regarding a Briefing on the Federal Data Services Hub

    On June 28, 2013, Chairman Camp and other Committee Members 
sent a letter to HHS Secretary Sebelius regarding the Federal 
Data Services Hub. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) 
had previously reported that HHS missed several deadlines for 
setting up the ACA insurance exchanges. Additionally, the 
letter noted that the Federal Data Services Hub is responsible 
for transmitting sensitive information, yet had not been 
tested. The letter requested a briefing on the current status 
of the Federal Data Services Hub.

25. Letter to President Barack Obama Requesting Information on Employer 
        Mandate Delay

    On July 9, 2013, Speaker Boehner, Majority Leader Eric 
Cantor, Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy, Deputy Majority Whip 
Peter Roskam, Chairman Camp, Policy Committee Chairman James 
Lankford, Chairman Kline of the Committee on Education and the 
Workforce, Chairman Upton of the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce, Republican Conference Chairman Cathy Rodgers, 
Republican Conference Vice Chair Lynn Jenkins, and Chairman 
Ryan of the Committee on the Budget sent a letter to the 
President requesting details on the employer mandate delay.

26. Letter to HHS Regarding Financial Management Risks

    On July 10, 2013, Senator Tom Coburn and Oversight 
Subcommittee Chairman Boustany sent a letter to Secretary 
Sebelius questioning weaknesses in HHS' financial management 
due to the focus placed on ACA implementation.

27. Letter to CBO Regarding the Delay of the ACA Employer Mandate

    On July 10, 2013, Chairman Camp, Chairman Ryan of the 
Committee on the Budget, Chairman Upton of the Committee on 
Energy and Commerce, Chairman Kline of the Committee on 
Education and the Workforce and Ranking Member Alexander of the 
Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, 
Ranking Member Sessions of the Committee on the Budget, and 
Ranking Member Hatch of the Senate Committee on Finance sent a 
letter to Director Elmendorf of the Congressional Budget Office 
requesting an analysis of the budgetary effects of delaying 
ObamaCare's employer mandate and reporting requirements.

28. Letter to IRS Regarding the IRS's Inadvertent Release of Social 
        Security Numbers

    On July 22, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany and Social 
Security Chairman Johnson sent a letter to IRS Principal Deputy 
Commissioner Werfel regarding the IRS's inadvertent release of 
thousands of Social Security Numbers (SSNs). According to 
information from Public.resource.org, SSNs accidentally 
included on 990-T forms were posted on the IRS's website for 
political nonprofit groups organized under Section 527 of the 
Internal Revenue Code. The letter requested information 
regarding the accuracy of the Public.resource.org reports, the 
number of individual SSNs released since July 2008, and agency 
safeguards to protect against identity theft.

29. Letter to Treasury Regarding Delay of the Employer Mandate

    On July 22, 2013, Chairman Camp, Oversight Chairman 
Boustany, and Health Chairman Brady sent a letter to Treasury 
Secretary Lew regarding the Obama Administration's delay of the 
ACA's employer reporting requirements and employer mandate tax 
penalties. The letter requested information regarding the 
development of the decision to delay the provisions, as well as 
information Treasury officials relied on in the decision making 
process.

30. Letter to IRS Regarding Personnel Issues

    On July 24, 2013, Chairman Camp and Oversight and 
Government Reform Chairman Issa sent a letter to IRS Principal 
Deputy Commissioner Werfel regarding personnel issues. The 
letter requested whether IRS employees Joseph Grant, Holly Paz, 
and Lois Lerner continued to have access to IRS systems, and 
information regarding their employment statuses. The letter 
also requested information regarding all bonuses the IRS paid 
since January 1, 2010, as well as bonuses awarded to Grant, 
Lerner, Paz, and Steve Miller.

31. Letter to IRS Regarding the Pace of Document Production

    On July 24, 2013, Chairman Camp and Ranking Member Levin 
sent a letter to IRS Principal Deputy Commissioner Werfel 
regarding the pace of document production pursuant to their 
letter of May 14, 2013. The letter raised concerns that the IRS 
was not producing documents in a timely manner and requested an 
explanation of the specific steps taken to expedite the 
production.

32. Letter to Treasury Regarding Premium Tax Credits

    On July 25, 2013, Chairman Camp, Oversight Subcommittee 
Chairman Boustany, Oversight and Government Reform Chairman 
Issa, and Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on 
Energy Policy, Health Care & Entitlements Chairman Lankford 
sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Lew regarding premium tax 
credits under the ACA. The letter followed a series of 
correspondence between the Committees and Treasury about the 
Committees' repeated requests for legal analysis justifying 
Treasury's decision to extend premium credits to individuals in 
federal government-run insurance exchanges. The letter 
requested all documents and communications relating to the 
ACA's legislative history, the working group tasked with 
drafting the rule in question, and other pertinent documents.

33. Letter to IRS Regarding IRS-FEC Communications

    On July 30, 2013, Chairman Camp and Oversight Chairman 
Boustany sent a letter to IRS Principal Deputy Commissioner 
Werfel regarding possibly inappropriate communication between a 
Federal Election Commission (FEC) official and then-IRS Exempt 
Organizations Division Director Lois Lerner. The letter 
requested all communications between the IRS and the FEC 
between 2008 and 2012, as well as specific communications 
regarding four particular organizations.

34. Letter to IRS Regarding IRS Policy on Religious Groups

    On July 31, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a letter 
to IRS Principal Deputy Commissioner Werfel to follow up on an 
exchange between Rep. Aaron Schock and Acting IRS Commissioner 
Miller at a May 17, 2013 Ways and Means Committee hearing in 
which Rep. Schock asked whether it was appropriate for IRS 
revenue agents to ask applicants for tax-exempt status about 
the content of their prayers. The letter requested information 
relating to current IRS policy and practice as to inquiring 
about applicants' religious beliefs and practices, as well as 
information relating to safeguards to ensure inappropriate 
inquiries are not made.

35. Letter to IRS Regarding Continued Targeting of Groups Based on 
        Their Political Beliefs

    On August 12, 2013, Chairman Camp and Oversight Chairman 
Boustany sent a letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Werfel 
regarding information the Committee learned in its 
investigation that screening based on organization name was in 
fact continuing, despite the IRS's assertions to the contrary. 
The letter quoted the transcript of a Committee interview with 
a Cincinnati-based IRS employee and asked Acting Commissioner 
Werfel to take corrective action.

36. Letter to GAO Regarding Engaging TANF Recipients in Work Activities

    On September 24, 2013, Human Resources Subcommittee 
Chairman Reichert, along with Senate Finance Committee Ranking 
Member Hatch, sent a letter to GAO regarding Deficit Reduction 
Act (DRA) provisions that sought to strengthen the work 
requirements and improve related data verification procedures 
states could use to create meaningful work participation goals.

37. Letter to IRS Regarding Exempt Organizations Division Backlog

    On October 7, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Acting IRS Commissioner Werfel regarding the IRS's 
Exempt Organizations Division case backlog. The letter 
requested an accounting of all 501(c)(3) and (4) applications 
in the IRS inventory as of September 18, 2013, the number of 
organizations in the inventory for at least 120, 270, and 365 
days, and a comparison between the inventory size in September 
2013 and in September 2012.

38. Letter to IRS Regarding Delay of the 2014 Tax Filing Season and ACA 
        Implementation

    On October 23, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to Acting 
IRS Commissioner Werfel regarding the IRS's claim that it must 
delay the start of the 2014 Tax Filing Season due to the 
government shutdown and to inquire whether and to what extent 
ACA implementation continued during the shutdown.

39. Letter to IRS Regarding the Delay of the Tax Filing Season

    On October 23, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to Acting 
Commissioner of the IRS Daniel Werfel questioning the agency's 
decision to delay the start of tax filing season in order to 
focus on ObamaCare.

40. Letter to OMB Ensuring that Recently Furloughed Federal Employees 
        Receiving Back Pay Will Not Also Receive Unemployment Insurance

    On October 23, 2013, Chairman Camp and Human Resources 
Subcommittee Chairman Reichert along with 17 other Republican 
Committee on Ways and Means Members sent a letter to OMB to 
ensure that furloughed federal employees should not 
simultaneously receive back pay and unemployment benefits.

41. Letter to CMS Regarding ACA Enrollment Data

    On November 1, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to 
Administrator Marilyn Tavenner from CMS requesting the 
immediate release of enrollment data for ObamaCare after 
learning that the enrollment numbers the Administrator said at 
a hearing were unavailable were being discussed at daily 
meetings at the Agency.

42. Letter to IRS Regarding Eligibility for Premium Tax Credits

    On November 5, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to the 
Acting Commissioner of the IRS Daniel Werfel requesting the 
availability of all information regarding the number of 
individuals for whom the IRS has made a preliminary or final 
determination of eligibility for premium tax credits.

43. Letter to IRS Regarding Disclosure of ACA Data

    On November 6, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to IRS 
Acting Commissioner Danny Werfel requesting the disclosure of 
ACA enrollment and eligibility data.

44. Letter to Treasury, IRS, and State Regarding a Special Israel 
        Policy

    On November 7, 2013, Chairman Camp sent a letter to 
Treasury Secretary Lew, IRS Acting Commissioner Werfel, and 
State Secretary Kerry regarding the treatment of exempt 
organizations with an interest in the State of Israel. The 
letter requested all communications and documents between IRS 
and State, as well as IRS and Treasury referring or relating to 
Israel, as well as documents containing several key words 
pertaining to Israel.

45. Letter to CMS Regarding Self-Referral Disclosure Protocol

    On November 13, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany sent a 
letter to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) 
Administrator Tavenner regarding the Stark Law and the Self-
Referral Disclosure Protocol (SDRP). The letter referenced the 
Committee's ongoing evaluation of technical violations of the 
law. The letter requested information relating to all technical 
violations reported to CMS in the past five years.

46. Letter to HHS Regarding the Income Verification System for Health 
        Insurance Exchanges

    On November 20, 2013, Chairman Camp and Republican House 
Ways and Means Members sent a letter to Secretary Sebelius 
requesting information on the Income Verification System for 
Health Insurance Exchanges.

47. Letter to GAO Regarding Review of IRS 2015 Budget Request

    On November 21, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany and 
Oversight Ranking Member Lewis sent a letter to Comptroller 
General Dodaro requesting that GAO conduct a review of the 
IRS's forthcoming 2015 budget request.

48. Letter to GAO Regarding Review of IRS 2014 Filing Season

    On November 21, 2013, Oversight Chairman Boustany and 
Oversight Ranking Member Lewis sent a letter to Comptroller 
General Dodaro requesting that GAO conduct a review of the 
IRS's upcoming 2014 filing season performance.

         D. Subpoenas Issued by the Committee on Ways and Means

    Committee Chairman Dave Camp (R-MI) issued a subpoena to 
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to provide all 
data the agency has on enrollment in the Exchanges. The 
subpoena came after CMS refused to provide enrollment data for 
the ObamaCare Exchanges. The data was first requested by 
Chairman Camp during a hearing with CMS Administrator Tavenner 
and in a letter Friday, November 1, 2013.
    In a letter to CMS accompanying the subpoena, Chairman Camp 
stated, ``Millions of Americans are receiving cancellation 
notices for their insurance policies, and yet the 
Administration has failed to create and implement viable 
Exchanges where Americans can enroll in affordable coverage. 
Furthermore, the failure to sign up enough people, especially 
young Americans, will lead to an even greater increase in 
premiums--pushing health care out of reach for millions of 
Americans and shifting even higher costs onto those who already 
have health insurance through their job. . . . Due to the 
Administration's inability to adequately and effectively solve 
these problems, Congress may need to act to mitigate this 
crisis. We are past the point of rallies, rollouts and 
revisionism. Congress and the American people need the facts.''
    Chairman Camp demanded CMS provide the documents by close 
of business November 8, 2013. The Agency failed to comply with 
the document request by the November 8, 2013, deadline. After 
repeated discussions, on December 3, 2013, CMS ultimately 
agreed to provide confidential enrollment data to Committee 
staff on a bipartisan basis. CMS has provided weekly updates 
via conference call, but as of December 31, 2013, has not yet 
produced any demographic information about the enrollees and 
has been unable to provide information on the number of 
enrollees who have actually completed the process and paid the 
first month's premium.

      Appendix I. Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means


                          A. U.S. Constitution

    Article I, Section 7, of the Constitution of the United 
States provides as follows:
          All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the 
        House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or 
        concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
    In addition, Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution of 
the United States provides the following:
          The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect 
        Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts 
        and To borrow Money on the credit of the United States.

       B. Rule X, Clause 1, Rules of the House of Representatives

    Rule X, clause 1(t), of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives, in effect during the 110th Congress, provides 
for the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means, as 
follows:

          (t) Committee on Ways and Means.
                  (1) Customs revenue, collection districts, 
                and ports of entry and delivery.
                  (2) Reciprocal trade agreements.
                  (3) Revenue measures generally.
                  (4) Revenue measures relating to insular 
                possessions.
                  (5) Bonded debt of the United States, subject 
                to the last sentence of clause 4(f). Clause 
                4(f) requires the Committee on Ways and Means 
                to include in its annual report to the 
                Committee on the Budget a specific 
                recommendation, made after holding public 
                hearings, as to the appropriate level of the 
                public debt that should be set forth in the 
                concurrent resolution on the budget.
                  (6) Deposit of public monies.
                  (7) Transportation of dutiable goods.
                  (8) Tax exempt foundations and charitable 
                trusts.
                  (9) National Social Security (except health 
                care and facilities programs that are supported 
                from general revenues as opposed to payroll 
                deductions and except work incentive programs).

            C. Brief Description of Committee's Jurisdiction

    The foregoing recitation of the provisions of House Rule X, 
clause 1, paragraph (t), does not convey the comprehensive 
nature of the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means. 
The following summary provides a more complete description:
    (1) Federal revenue measures generally--The Committee on 
Ways and Means has the responsibility for raising the revenue 
required to finance the Federal Government. This includes 
individual and corporate income taxes, excise taxes, estate 
taxes, gift taxes, and other miscellaneous taxes.
    (2) The bonded debt of the United States--The Committee on 
Ways and Means has jurisdiction over the authority of the 
Federal Government to borrow money. Title 31 of Chapter 31 of 
the U.S. Code authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to 
conduct any necessary public borrowing subject to a maximum 
limit on the amount of borrowing outstanding at any one time. 
On October 17, 2013, the President signed into law H.R. 2775, 
``The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014'' (Public Law 113-46) 
suspending the statutory limit on the amount of public debt 
(``the debt ceiling'') until February 7, 2014. All debt 
occurred during the time period of October 17, 2013 and 
February 7, 2014, will be added to the previous debt ceiling of 
$16.699 trillion. The Committee's jurisdiction also includes 
conditions under which the U.S. Department of the Treasury 
manages the Federal debt, such as restrictions on the 
conditions under which certain debt instruments are sold.
    (3) National Social Security program--The Committee on Ways 
and Means has jurisdiction over most of the programs authorized 
by the Social Security Act, which includes not only those 
programs that are normally referred to colloquially as ``Social 
Security'' but also social insurance programs and a whole 
series of grant-in-aid programs to State governments for a 
variety of purposes. The Social Security Act, as amended, 
contains 21 titles (a few of which have either expired or have 
been repealed). The principal programs established by the 
Social Security Act and under the jurisdiction of the Committee 
on Ways and Means in the 112th Congress can be outlined as 
follows:
          (a) Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance 
        (Title II)--At present, there are approximately 163 
        million workers in employment covered by the program, 
        and for calendar year 2012, $774.8 billion in benefits 
        were paid almost 57 million individuals.
          (b) Medicare (Title XVIII)--Finances health care 
        benefits through the Hospital Insurance trust fund for 
        41.8 million persons over the age of 65 and for 8.5 
        million disabled persons. Finances voluntary health 
        care benefits through the Supplementary Medical 
        Insurance trust fund for 38.7 million aged persons and 
        7.7 million disabled persons. Total program outlays 
        through these trust funds were $574.2 billion in 2012.
          (c) Supplemental Security Income (SSI) (Title XVI)--
        The SI program was inaugurated in January 1974 under 
        the provisions of P.L. 92-603, as amended. It replaced 
        the former Federal-State programs for the needy aged, 
        blind, and disabled. In January 2011, 8.9 million 
        individuals received Federal SSI benefits on a monthly 
        basis. Of these 8.9 million persons, approximately 2.1 
        million were eligible on the basis of age, and 6.8 
        million on the basis of blindness or disability. 
        Federal expenditures for cash SSI payments in 2012 
        totaled $48.8 billion, while State expenditures for 
        federally administered SSI supplements totaled $3.3 
        billion.
          (d) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) 
        (part A of Title IV)--The TANF program is a block grant 
        of about $16.5 billion awarded to States to provide 
        income assistance to poor families, to end dependency 
        on welfare benefits to prevent non-marital births, and 
        to encourage marriage, among other purposes. In most 
        cases, Federal TANF benefits for individuals are 
        limited to 5 years and individuals must work to 
        maintain their eligibility. In June 2013, about 1.7 
        million families and 4.0 million individuals received 
        benefits from the TANF program.
          (e) Child support enforcement (Part D of Title IV)--
        In fiscal year 2012 Federal administrative expenditures 
        totaled $5.6 billion for child support enforcement 
        program. Child support collections for the year totaled 
        $27.7 billion.
          (f) Child welfare, foster care, and adoption 
        assistance (parts B and E of Title IV)--Titles IV B and 
        E provide funds to States for child welfare services 
        for abused and neglected children; foster care for 
        children who meet Aid to Families with Dependent 
        Children eligibility criteria; and adoption assistance 
        for children with special needs. In fiscal year 2013, 
        Federal funding for child welfare services totaled $688 
        million. Federal funding for foster care and adoption 
        assistance were approximately $6.7 billion.
          (g) Unemployment compensation programs (Titles III, 
        IX, and XII)--These titles authorize the Federal-State 
        unemployment compensation program and the permanent 
        extended benefits program. In fiscal year 2012, an 
        estimated $68.0 billion was paid in unemployment 
        compensation, with approximately 8.3 million workers 
        receiving their first unemployment compensation 
        payment.
          (h) Social services (Title XX)--Title XX authorizes 
        the Federal Government to reimburse the States for 
        money spent to provide persons with various services. 
        Generally, the specific services provided are 
        determined by each State. In fiscal year 2012, $1.7 
        billion was appropriated. These funds are allocated on 
        the basis of population.
          (4) Trade and tariff legislation--The Committee on 
        Ways and Means has responsibility over legislation 
        relating to tariffs, import trade, and trade 
        negotiations. In the early days of the Republic, tariff 
        and customs receipts were major sources of revenue for 
        the Federal Government. As the Committee with 
        jurisdiction over revenue-raising measures, the 
        Committee on Ways and Means thus evolved as the primary 
        Committee responsible for international trade policy.
          The Constitution vests the power to levy tariffs and 
        to regulate international commerce specifically in the 
        Congress as one of its enumerated powers. Statutes 
        including the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Acts 
        beginning in 1934, Trade Expansion Act of 1962, Trade 
        Act of 1974, Trade Agreements Act of 1979, Trade and 
        Tariff Act of 1984, Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness 
        Act of 1988, North American Free Trade Agreement 
        (NAFTA) Implementation Act, Uruguay Round Agreements 
        Act, Trade Act of 2002, and other legislation 
        implementing U.S. obligations under trade agreements 
        implementing bills provide the basis for U.S. 
        bargaining with other countries and the means to 
        achieve the mutual reduction of tariff and nontariff 
        trade barriers under reciprocal trade agreements.
    The Committee's jurisdiction includes the following 
authorities and programs:
          (a) The tariff schedules and all tariff preference 
        programs, such as the General System of Preferences, 
        the Caribbean Basin Initiative, the Africa Growth and 
        Opportunity Act, the Andean Trade Preferences Act, and 
        the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Growth Act;
          (b) Laws dealing with unfair trade practices, 
        including the antidumping law, countervailing duty law, 
        section 301, and section 337
          (c) Other laws dealing with import trade, including 
        section 201 (escape clause), section 232 national 
        security controls, section 22 agricultural 
        restrictions, international commodity agreements, 
        textile restrictions under section 204, and any other 
        restrictions or sanctions affecting imports;
          (d) General and specific trade negotiating authority, 
        as well as implementing authority for trade agreements 
        and the grant of normal-trade-relations (NTR) status;
          (e) Trade Adjustment Assistance programs for workers, 
        firms, farmers, and communities;
          (f) Customs administration and enforcement, including 
        rules of origin and country-of origin marking, customs 
        classification, customs valuation, customs user fees, 
        and U.S. participation in the World Customs 
        Organization (WCO);
          (g) Trade and customs revenue functions of the 
        Department of Homeland Security and the Department of 
        the Treasury.
          (h) Authorization of the budget for the International 
        Trade Commission (ITC), functions of the Department of 
        Homeland Security under the Committee's jurisdiction 
        (including the Bureaus of Customs and Border Protection 
        (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 
        and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR).

   D. Revenue Originating Prerogative of The House of Representatives

    The Constitutional Convention debated adopting the British 
model in which the House of Lords could not amend revenue 
legislation sent to it from the House of Commons. Eventually, 
however, the Convention proposed and the States later ratified 
the Constitution providing that ``All bills for raising revenue 
shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate 
may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.'' 
(Article 1, Section 7, clause 1.)
    In order to pass constitutional scrutiny under this 
``origination clause,'' a tax bill must be passed first by the 
House of Representatives. After the House has completed action 
on a bill and approved it by a majority vote, the bill is 
transmitted to the Senate for formal action. The Senate may 
have already reviewed issues raised by the bill before its 
transmission. For example, the Senate Committee on Finance 
frequently holds hearings on tax legislative proposals before 
the legislation embodying those proposals is transmitted from 
the House of Representatives. On occasion, the Senate will 
consider a revenue bill in the form of a Senate or ``S.'' bill, 
and then await passage of a revenue ``H.R.'' bill from the 
House. The Senate then will add or substitute provisions of the 
``S.'' bill as an amendment to the ``H.R.'' bill and send the 
``H.R.'' bill back to the House of Representatives for its 
concurrence or for conference on the differing provisions.

   E. The House's Exercise of its Constitutional Prerogative: ``Blue 
                               Slipping''

    When a Senate bill or amendment to a House bill infringes 
on the constitutional prerogative of the House to originate 
revenue measures, that infringement may be raised in the House 
as a matter of privilege. That privilege has also been asserted 
on a Senate amendment to a House amendment to a Senate bill 
(see 96th Congress, 1st Session, November 8, 1979, 
Congressional Record p. H10425).
    Note that the House in its sole discretion may determine 
that legislation passed by the Senate infringes on its 
prerogative to originate revenue legislation. In the absence of 
such determination by the House, the Federal courts are 
occasionally asked to rule a certain revenue measure to be 
unconstitutional as not having originated in the House (see 
U.S. v. Munoz-Flores, 495 U.S. 385 (1990).
    Senate bills or amendments to non-revenue bills infringe on 
the House's prerogative even if they do not raise or reduce 
revenue. Such infringements are referred to as ``revenue 
affecting.'' Thus, any import ban which could result in lost 
customs tariffs must originate in the House (100th Congress, 
1st Session, July 30, 1987 100th Congress, 2nd Session, June 
16, 1988, Congressional Record p. H4356). Offending bills and 
amendments are returned to the Senate through the passage in 
the House of a House Resolution which states that the Senate 
provision: ``in the opinion of the House, contravenes the first 
clause of the seventh section of the first article of the 
Constitution of the United States and is an infringement of the 
privilege of the House and that such bill be respectfully 
returned to the Senate with a message communicating this 
resolution'' (e.g., 100th Congress, 1st Session, July 30, 1987, 
Congressional Record p. H6808). This practice is referred to as 
``blue slipping'' because the resolution returning the 
offending bill to the Senate is printed on blue paper. In other 
cases, the Committee of the Whole House has passed a similar or 
identical House bill in lieu of a Senate bill or amendment 
(e.g., 91st Congress, 2nd Congress, May 11, 1970, Congressional 
Record pp. H14951-14960). The Committee on Ways and Means has 
also reported bills to the House which were approved and sent 
to the Senate in lieu of Senate bills (e.g., 93rd Congress, 1st 
Session, November 6, 1973, Congressional Record pp. 36006-
36008). In other cases, the Senate has substituted a House bill 
or delayed action on its own legislation to await a proper 
revenue affecting bill or amendment from the House (see 95th 
Congress, 2nd Session, September 22, 1978, Congressional Record 
p. H30960; January 22, 1980, Congressional Record p. S107). Any 
Member may offer a resolution seeking to invoke Article I, 
Section 7. However, the determination that a bill violates the 
Origination Clause has been traditionally made by Members of 
the Committee on Ways and Means, and the resolution has been 
offered by the Chairman or another Member of the Committee on 
Ways and Means. Because Article I, Section 7 involves the 
privileges of the House, a blue-slip resolution offered by the 
Chairman or other Members of the Committee on Ways and Means 
has been typically adopted by voice vote on the House Floor. 
There have been instances where the House has agreed to not 
deal directly with the issue by tabling a resolution.\1\\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\In cases where the Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means 
did not believe that the bill in question violated the Origination 
Clause or the objection had been dealt with in another manner, 
resolutions offered by other Members of the House have been tabled. 
[See adoption of motion by Representative Rostenkowski to table H. Res. 
571, 97-2, p. 22127.]
    \2\This was an instance where the Chairman of the Committee on Ways 
and Means raised a question of the privilege of the House pursuant to 
Article I, Section 7, of the U.S. Constitution on H.R. 4516, 
Legislative Branch Appropriations. The motion was laid on the table.

       BLUE SLIP RESOLUTIONS--98TH CONGRESS THROUGH 113TH CONGRESS
                           CHRONOLOGICAL LIST
[Resolutions passed by the House returning to the Senate bills passed in
  violation of the origination clause of the United States Constitution
                   (Clause 1, Section 7 of Article 1)]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Description of Senate action
  H. Res., sponsor, and date of House     (and related House action, if
                passage                                any)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
112th Congress:
    H. Res. 829, Mr. Camp..............  On December 4, 2012, the Senate
    December 12, 2012                     passed S. 3254, ``National
                                          Defense Authorization Act for
                                          Fiscal Year 2013'' and
                                          incorporated this measure in
                                          H.R. 4310, ``National Defense
                                          Authorization Act for Fiscal
                                          Year 2013'' as an amendment.
                                          Contained in this legislation
                                          were provisions imposing
                                          sanctions, including import
                                          sanctions, on persons
                                          conducting sanctionable
                                          activities with Iran and the
                                          Democratic Republic of Congo.
                                          These proposed changes to the
                                          import laws constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          they would have had a direct
                                          impact on customs revenue.
111th Congress:
    H. Res. 1653, Mr. Levin............  On August 5, 2010, the Senate
    September 23, 2010                    passed H.R. 5875, ``Emergency
                                          Border Supplemental
                                          Appropriations Act, 2010''
                                          with an amendment. Contained
                                          in this legislation was a
                                          provision that requiring
                                          certain employers to pay a
                                          surcharge with respect to each
                                          application for a worker visa.
                                          The proposed surcharge
                                          constituted a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense
                                          because it would have had a
                                          direct impact on Federal
                                          revenues.
                                         On March 26, 2010, the Senate
                                          passed S. 3162. Contained in
                                          this legislation was an
                                          amendment to the Internal
                                          Revenue Code of 1986, as
                                          amended, to clarify the health
                                          care provided by the Secretary
                                          of Veterans Affairs
                                          constitutes minimum essential
                                          coverage. The proposed
                                          amendment to the Internal
                                          Revenue Code constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
                                         On March 25, 2010, the Senate
                                          passed S. 3187, ``Federal
                                          Aviation Administration
                                          Extension Act of 2010.''
                                          Contained in this legislation
                                          were extensions of fuel and
                                          ticket taxes that fund the
                                          Airport and Airway Trust Fund.
                                          These proposed extensions of
                                          taxes constituted revenue
                                          measures in the constitutional
                                          sense because they would have
                                          had a direct impact on Federal
                                          revenues. On January 28, 2010,
                                          the Senate passed S. 2799,
                                          ``Comprehensive Iran
                                          Sanctions, Accountability, and
                                          Divestment Act of 2009.''
                                          Contained in this legislation
                                          was a provision banning the
                                          importation of imports from
                                          Iran. The proposed change in
                                          the import laws constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on customs revenues.
                                         On August 9, 2009, the Senate
                                          passed S. 1023, ``Travel
                                          Promotion Act of 2009.''
                                          Contained in this legislation
                                          was a provision requiring
                                          users of the government's visa
                                          waiver program to pay a
                                          surcharge. The proposed
                                          surcharge constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
                                         On July 20, 2009, the Senate
                                          passed S. 951, ``New Frontier
                                          Congressional Gold Medal
                                          Act.'' Contained in this
                                          legislation was a provision
                                          allowing the Secretary of the
                                          Treasury to sell commemorative
                                          coins celebrating the 40th
                                          anniversary of the first
                                          landing on the moon. The
                                          proposed sale of these coins
                                          would have constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
107th Congress:
    H. Res. 240, Mr. Thomas............  On September 13, 2001, the
    September 20, 2001                    Senate passed H.R. 2500,
                                          ``Making appropriations for
                                          the U.S. Departments of
                                          Commerce, Justice, and State,
                                          the Judiciary, and related
                                          agencies for the fiscal year
                                          ending September 30, 2002, and
                                          for other purposes'' with an
                                          amendment. Contained in this
                                          legislation was a provision
                                          banning the importation of
                                          diamonds not certified as
                                          originating outside conflict
                                          zones. The proposed change in
                                          the import laws constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense, because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on customs revenues.
    H. Res. 393, Mr. Weller............  On February 24, 1999, the
    November 18, 1999                     Senate passed S. 4, the
                                          Soldiers', Sailors', Airmen's,
                                          and Marines' Bill of Rights
                                          Act of 1999. The legislation
                                          would have allowed members of
                                          the Armed Forces to
                                          participate in the Federal
                                          Thrift Savings Program and to
                                          avoid the tax consequences
                                          that would otherwise have
                                          resulted from certain
                                          contributions in excess of the
                                          limitations imposed in the
                                          Internal Revenue Code. This
                                          proposed exemption therefore
                                          constituted a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense
                                          because it would have had a
                                          direct impact on Federal
                                          revenues.
    H. Res. 249, Mr. Portman...........  On May 20, 1999, the Senate
    July 16, 1999                         passed S. 254, the Violent and
                                          Repeat Juvenile Offender
                                          Accountability and
                                          Rehabilitation Act of 1999.
                                          The legislation would have had
                                          the effect of banning the
                                          import of large capacity
                                          ammunition feeding devices.
                                          The proposed change in the
                                          import laws constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense, because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on customs revenues.
105th Congress:
    H. Res. 601, Mr. Crane.............  On October 8, 1998, the Senate
    October 15, 1998                      passed S. 361, the Tiger and
                                          Rhinoceros Conservation Act of
                                          1998. This legislation would
                                          have had the effect of
                                          creating a new basis and
                                          mechanism for applying import
                                          restrictions for products
                                          intended for human consumption
                                          or application containing (or
                                          labeled as containing) any
                                          substance derived from tigers
                                          or rhinoceroses. The proposed
                                          change in the import laws
                                          constituted a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense,
                                          because it would have had a
                                          direct impact on customs
                                          revenues.
    H. Res. 379, Mr. Ensign............  On April 15, 1997, the Senate
    March 5, 1998                         passed S. 104, the Nuclear
                                          Waste Policy Act of 1997. This
                                          legislation would have
                                          repealed a revenue provision
                                          and replaced it with a user
                                          fee. The revenue provision in
                                          question was a fee of 1 mill
                                          per kilowatt-hour of
                                          electricity generated by
                                          nuclear power imposed by the
                                          Nuclear Waste Policy Act of
                                          1982. The proposed user fee in
                                          the legislation would have
                                          been limited to the amount
                                          appropriated for nuclear waste
                                          disposal. The original fee was
                                          uncapped, and, in fact,
                                          because the fees collected
                                          exceeded the associated costs,
                                          it was being used as revenue
                                          to finance the Federal
                                          Government generally. Its
                                          proposed repeal, therefore,
                                          constituted a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense
                                          because it would have had a
                                          direct impact on Federal
                                          revenues.
104th Congress:
    H. Res. 554, Mr. Crane.............  On June 30, 1996, the Senate
    September 28, 1996                    passed H.R. 400, the Anaktuvuk
                                          Pass Land Exchange and
                                          Wilderness Redesignation Act
                                          of 1995, with an amendment.
                                          Section 204(a) of the Senate
                                          amendment would have
                                          overridden existing tax law by
                                          expanding the definition of
                                          actions not subject to
                                          Federal, State, or local
                                          taxation under the Alaska
                                          Native Claims Settlement Act.
                                          These changes constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          they would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
    H. Res. 545, Mr. Archer............  On September 25, 1996, the
    September 27, 1996                    Senate passed S. 1311, the
                                          National Physical Fitness and
                                          Sports Foundation
                                          Establishment Act. Section 2
                                          of the bill would have waived
                                          the application of certain
                                          rules governing recognition of
                                          tax-exempt status for the
                                          foundation established under
                                          this legislation. This
                                          exemption constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
    H. Res. 402, Mr. Shaw..............  On January 26, 1996, the Senate
    April 16, 1996                        passed S. 1463, to amend the
                                          Trade Act of 1974. The bill
                                          would have changed the
                                          authority and procedure for
                                          investigations by the ITC for
                                          certain domestic agricultural
                                          products. Such investigations
                                          are a predicate necessary for
                                          achieving access to desired
                                          trade remedies that the
                                          President may order, such as
                                          tariff adjustments, tariff-
                                          rate quotas, quantitative
                                          restrictions, or negotiation
                                          of trade agreements to limit
                                          imports. By creating a new
                                          basis and mechanism for import
                                          restrictions under authority
                                          granted to the President, the
                                          bill constituted a revenue
                                          measure in the constitutional
                                          sense because it would have
                                          had a direct impact on customs
                                          revenues.
    H. Res. 387, Mr. Crane.............  On February 1, 1996, the Senate
    March 21, 1996                        passed S. 1518, repealing the
                                          Tea Importation Act of 1897.
                                          Under existing law in 1996, it
                                          was unlawful to import
                                          substandard tea, except as
                                          provided in the HTS. Changing
                                          import restrictions
                                          constituted a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense
                                          because it would have had a
                                          direct impact on customs
                                          revenues.
103rd Congress:
    H. Res. 577, Mr. Gibbons...........  On October 3, 1994, the Senate
    October 7, 1994                       passed S. 1216, the Crow
                                          Boundary Settlement Act of
                                          1994. The bill would have
                                          overridden existing tax law by
                                          exempting certain payments and
                                          benefits from taxation. These
                                          exemptions constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          they would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
    H. Res. 518, Mr. Gibbons...........  On July 20, 1994, the Senate
    August 12, 1994                       passed H.R. 4554, the
                                          Agriculture and Rural
                                          Development Appropriation for
                                          fiscal year 1995, with
                                          amendments. Senate amendment
                                          83 would have provided
                                          authority for the Food and
                                          Drug Administration (FDA) to
                                          collect fees to cover the
                                          costs of regulation of
                                          products under their
                                          jurisdiction. However, these
                                          fees were not limited to
                                          covering the cost of specified
                                          regulatory activities, and
                                          would have been charged to a
                                          broad cross-section of the
                                          public (rather than been
                                          limited to those who would
                                          have benefited from the
                                          regulatory activities) to fund
                                          the cost of the FDA's
                                          activities generally. These
                                          fees constituted a revenue
                                          measure in the constitutional
                                          sense because they were not
                                          based on a direct relationship
                                          between their level and the
                                          cost of the particular
                                          government activity for which
                                          they would have been assessed,
                                          and would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
    H. Res. 487, Mr. Gibbons...........  On May 25, 1994, the Senate
    July 21, 1994                         passed S. 1030, the Veterans
                                          Health Programs Improvement
                                          Act of 1994. A provision in
                                          the bill would have exempted
                                          from taxation certain payments
                                          made on behalf of participants
                                          in the Education Debt
                                          Reduction Program. This
                                          provision constituted a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense because
                                          it would have had a direct
                                          impact on Federal revenues.
    H. Res. 486, Mr. Gibbons...........  On May 29, 1994, the Senate
    July 21, 1994                         passed S. 729, to amend the
                                          Toxic Substances Control Act.
                                          Title I of the bill included
                                          several provisions to prohibit
                                          the importation of specific
                                          categories of products, which
                                          contained more than specified
                                          quantities of lead. By
                                          establishing these import
                                          restrictions, the bill
                                          constituted a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense
                                          because it would have had a
                                          direct impact on customs
                                          revenues.
    H. Res. 479, Mr. Rangel............  On June 22, 1994, the Senate
    July 14, 1994                         passed H.R. 4539, the
                                          Treasury, Postal Service, and
                                          General Government
                                          Appropriation for fiscal year
                                          1995, with amendments. Senate
                                          amendment 104 would have
                                          prohibited the Treasury from
                                          using appropriations to
                                          enforce the Internal Revenue
                                          Code requirement for the use
                                          of undyed diesel fuel in
                                          recreational motorboats. This
                                          prohibition, therefore,
                                          constituted a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense
                                          because it would have had a
                                          direct impact on Federal
                                          revenues.
102nd Congress:
    H. Res. 373, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On August 1, 1991, the Senate
    February 25, 1992                     passed S. 884 amended, the
                                          Driftnet Moratorium
                                          Enforcement Act of 1991; this
                                          legislation would require the
                                          President to impose economic
                                          sanctions against countries
                                          that fail to eliminate large-
                                          scale driftnet fishing.
                                          Foremost among the sanction
                                          provisions are those, which
                                          impose a ban on certain
                                          imports into the United States
                                          from countries which continue
                                          to engage in driftnet fishing
                                          on the high seas after a
                                          certain date. These changes in
                                          our tariff laws constitute a
                                          revenue measure in the
                                          constitutional sense, because
                                          they would have a direct
                                          effect on customs revenues.
    H. Res. 267, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On February 20, 1991, the
    October 31, 1991                      Senate passed S. 320, to
                                          reauthorize the Export
                                          Administration Act of 1979.
                                          This legislation contains
                                          several provisions which
                                          impose, or authorize the
                                          imposition of, a ban on
                                          imports into the United
                                          States. Among the provisions
                                          containing import sanctions
                                          are those relating to certain
                                          practices by Iraq, the
                                          proliferation and use of
                                          chemical and biological
                                          weapons, and the transfer of
                                          missile technology. These
                                          changes in our tariff laws
                                          constitute a revenue measure
                                          in the constitutional sense,
                                          because they would have a
                                          direct effect on customs
                                          revenues.
    H. Res. 251, Mr. Russo.............  On July 11, 1991, the Senate
    October 22, 1991                      passed S. 1241, the Violent
                                          Crime Act of 1991. This
                                          legislation contains several
                                          amendments to the Internal
                                          Revenue Code. Section 812(f)
                                          provides that the police corps
                                          scholarships established under
                                          the bill would not be included
                                          in gross income for tax
                                          purposes. In addition,
                                          sections 1228, 1231, and 1232
                                          each make amendments to the
                                          Tax Code with respect to
                                          violations of certain firearms
                                          provisions. Finally, Title VII
                                          amends section 922 of Title
                                          VIII of the U.S. Code, making
                                          it illegal to transfer, import
                                          or possess assault weapons.
                                          These changes in our tariff
                                          and tax laws constitute
                                          revenue measures in the
                                          constitutional sense, because
                                          they would have an immediate
                                          impact on revenues anticipated
                                          by U.S. Customs and the
                                          Internal Revenue Services.
101st Congress:
    H. Res. 287, Mr. Cardin............  On August 4, 1989, the Senate
    Nov. 9, 1989                          passed S. 686, the Oil
                                          Pollution Liability and
                                          Compensation Act of 1989. This
                                          legislation contained a
                                          provision which would have
                                          allowed a credit against the
                                          oil spill liability tax for
                                          amounts transferred from the
                                          Trans-Alaska Pipeline Trust
                                          Fund to the Oil Spill
                                          Liability Trust Fund.
    H. Res. 177, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Apr. 19, 1989, the Senate
    June 15, 1989                         passed S. 774, the Financial
                                          Institution Reform, Recovery
                                          and Enforcement Act of 1989.
                                          This legislation would create
                                          two corporations to administer
                                          the financial assistance under
                                          the bill: the Resolution Trust
                                          Corporation and the Resolution
                                          Financing Corporation. S. 774
                                          would have conferred tax-
                                          exempt status to these two
                                          corporations. Without these
                                          two tax provisions, these two
                                          corporations would be taxable
                                          entities under the Federal
                                          income tax.
100th Congress:
    H. Res. 235, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Mar. 30, 1987, the Senate
    July 30, 1987                         passed S. 829, legislation
                                          which would authorize
                                          appropriations for the ITC,
                                          the U.S. Customs Service, and
                                          the Office of the U.S. Trade
                                          Representative for fiscal year
                                          1988, and for other purposes.
                                          In addition, the bill
                                          contained a provision relating
                                          to imports from the Soviet
                                          Union, which amends provisions
                                          of the Tariff Act of 1930.
    H. Res. 474, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Oct. 6, 1987, the Senate
    June 16, 1988 (see also H.R. 3391)    passed S. 1748, legislation
                                          which would prohibit the
                                          importation into the United
                                          States of all products from
                                          Iran. (The House passed H.R.
                                          3391, which included similar
                                          provisions, on Oct. 6, 1987.)
    H. Res. 479, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On May 13, 1987, the Senate
    June 21, 1988 (see also H.R. 2792     passed S. 727, legislation
     and H.R. 4333)                       which would clarify Indian
                                          treaties and Executive orders
                                          with respect to fishing
                                          rights. This legislation dealt
                                          with the tax treatment of
                                          income derived from the
                                          exercise of Indian treaty
                                          fishing rights. (The House
                                          passed H.R. 2792, which
                                          included similar provisions,
                                          on June 20, 1988, under
                                          suspension of the rules and
                                          was enacted into law as part
                                          of P.L. 100-647, H.R. 4333.)
    H. Res. 544, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Sept. 9, 1988, the Senate
    Sept. 23, 1988 (see also H.R. 1154)   passed S. 2662, the Textile
                                          and Apparel Trade Act of 1988.
                                          This legislation would impose
                                          global import quotas on
                                          textiles and footwear
                                          products.
    H. Res. 552, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Sept. 9, 1988, the Senate
    Sept. 28, 1988                        passed S. 2763, the Genocide
                                          Act of 1988. This legislation
                                          contained a ban on the
                                          importation of all oil and oil
                                          products from Iraq.
    H. Res. 603, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Mar. 30, 1988, the Senate
    Oct. 21, 1988                         passed S. 2097, the Uranium
                                          Mill Tailings Remedial Action
                                          Amendments of 1987. This
                                          legislation would establish a
                                          Federal fund to assist in the
                                          financing of reclamation and
                                          other remedial action at
                                          currently active uranium and
                                          thorium processing sites and
                                          would increase the demand for
                                          domestic uranium. The fund
                                          would be financed in part by
                                          what are called ``mandatory
                                          fees'' which are equal to $22
                                          per kilogram for uranium
                                          contained in fuel assemblies
                                          initially loaded into civilian
                                          nuclear power reactors during
                                          calendar years 1989-1993. In
                                          addition, S. 2097 would impose
                                          charges on domestic utilities
                                          that use foreign-source
                                          uranium in new fuel assemblies
                                          loaded in their nuclear
                                          reactors.
    H. Res. 604, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Aug. 8, 1988, the Senate
    Oct. 21, 1988                         passed H.R. 1315, legislation
                                          which would authorize
                                          appropriations for the Nuclear
                                          Regulatory Commission for
                                          fiscal years 1988 and 1989.
                                          Title IV of the legislation
                                          would, among other things,
                                          establish a Federal fund to
                                          assist in the financing of
                                          reclamation and other remedial
                                          action at currently active
                                          uranium and thorium processing
                                          sites and would assist the
                                          domestic uranium industry by
                                          increasing the demand for
                                          domestic uranium. The fund
                                          would be financed in part by
                                          what are called ``mandatory
                                          fees'' equal to $72 per
                                          kilogram of uranium contained
                                          in fuel assemblies initially
                                          loaded into civilian nuclear
                                          power reactors on or after
                                          Jan. 1, 1988. These fees would
                                          be paid by licensees of
                                          civilian nuclear power
                                          reactors and would be in place
                                          until $1 billion had been
                                          raised.
99th Congress:
    H. Res. 283, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Sept. 26, 1985, the Senate
    Oct. 1, 1985                          passed S. 1712, legislation
                                          which would extend the 16-
                                          cents-per-pack cigarette
                                          excise tax rate for 45 days,
                                          through Nov. 14, 1985. (The
                                          House passed H.R. 3452, which
                                          included a similar extension,
                                          on Sept. 30, 1985.)
    H. Res. 562, Mr. Rostenkowski......  The Senate passed S. 638,
    Sept. 25, 1986                        legislation to provide for the
                                          sale of Conrail to the Norfolk
                                          Southern Railroad. The
                                          legislation contained numerous
                                          provisions relating to the tax
                                          treatment of the sale of
                                          Conrail.
98th Congress:
    H. Res. 195, Mr. Rostenkowski......  On Apr. 21, 1983, the Senate
    June 17, 1983                         passed S. 144, a bill to
                                          insure the continued expansion
                                          of international market
                                          opportunities in trade, trade
                                          in services and investment for
                                          the United States, and for
                                          other purposes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

  F. Prerogative Under the Rules of the House Over ``Revenue Measures 
                              Generally''

    In the House of Representatives, tax legislation is 
initiated by the Committee on Ways and Means. The Committee's 
exclusive prerogative to report ``revenue measures generally'' 
is provided by Rule X(1)(t) of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives. The jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and 
Means under Rule X(1)(t) is protected through the exercise of 
Rule XXI(5)(a) which states:
    A bill or joint resolution carrying a tax or tariff measure 
may not be reported by a committee not having jurisdiction to 
report tax or tariff measures, and an amendment in the House or 
proposed by the Senate carrying a tax or tariff measure shall 
not be in order during the consideration of a bill or joint 
resolution reported by a committee not having that 
jurisdiction. A point of order against a tax or tariff measure 
in such a bill, joint resolution, or amendment thereto may be 
raised at any time during pendency of that measure for 
amendment.
    Based on the precedents of the House, especially those 
involving Rule XXI(5)(a), the following statements can be made 
concerning points of order made under the Rule.
    1. Timeliness. The point of order can be raised at any 
point during consideration of the bill. However, that section 
of the bill in which the ``tax or tariff provision lies must 
either have been previously read or currently open for 
amendment. A point of order may not be raised after the 
Committee of the Whole has risen and reported the bill to the 
House. A point of order against an amendment must be made prior 
to its adoption.
    2. Effect. If a point of order is sustained, the effect is 
that the provision in the bill or amendment is automatically 
deleted.
    3. Substance over form. A provision need not involve an 
amendment to the Internal Revenue Code or the Harmonized Tariff 
Schedule in order to be determined to be a ``tax or tariff'' 
provision.
    4. Revenue decreases and increases. A provision need not 
raise revenue in order to be found to be a ``tax or tariff 
measure.'' Provisions which would have the effect of decreasing 
revenues are also covered by the Rule. Similarly, provisions 
which could have a revenue effect have been determined to be 
covered by the Rule.
    The following is a detailed listing of each of the 
occasions on which points of order have been sustained:

         G. Points of Order--House Rule XXI Chronological List


June 28, 2007

            H.R. 2829, Financial Services and General Government 
                    Appropriations Act, 2008
    A point of order was raised against Section 106 of the 
bill, which would have limited funds to the IRS for the purpose 
of renewing, extending, administering, implementing or 
enforcing any qualified tax collection contract. Mr. Serrano 
conceded the point of order. The point of order was sustained, 
and the provision was stricken from the bill. [110-1, H7352]

June 13, 2006

            H.R. 5576, Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban 
                    Development, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies 
                    Appropriations Act, 2007
    A point of order was raised against Section 206 of the 
bill, which would have limited funds to the IRS and prohibit 
its ability to provide and tax preparation software or online 
tools. The chair ruled that the provision was in violation of 
Rule XXI, clause 2. The point of order was sustained, and the 
provision was stricken from the bill. [109-2, H3849-3850]

June 14, 2006

            H.R. 5576, Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban 
                    Development, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies 
                    Appropriations Act, 2007.
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Tiahrt, which would have limited funds to the 
IRS and prohibit its ability to provide and tax preparation 
software or online tools. Representative Tiahrt withdrew his 
amendment. [109-2, H3930]

May 23, 2006

            H.R. 5384, Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug 
                    Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
                    Act, 2007
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative DeLauro, which would have increased the bill's 
appropriation for waste and water grant programs by $689 
million and paid for this increase by reducing the size of the 
tax cut for those making over one million dollars.
    The chair ruled that the provision proposes to change 
existing law and constitutes legislation on an appropriations 
bill and, therefore, violates clause 2 of Rule XXI. The point 
of order was sustained, and the amendment was not in order. 
[109-2, H3063]

May 19, 2006

            H.R. 5385, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and 
                    Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007
    Points of order were raised against three amendments 
offered by Representatives Edwards, Farr, and Obey, which would 
have raised taxes to offset program funding increases.
    The chair ruled that these provisions proposed to change 
existing law and constituted legislation on an appropriations 
bill and, therefore, violated clause 2 of Rule XXI. The points 
of order were sustained, and the amendments were not in order. 
[109-2, H2922-2931]

June 30, 2005

            H.R. 3058, Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban 
                    Development, the Judiciary, the District of 
                    Columbia, and Independent Agencies Appropriations 
                    Act, 2006
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Simmons, which would have limited the use of 
funds to enter into, implement, or provide oversight of 
contracts between the Secretary of the Treasury, or his 
designee, and private collection agencies. Representative 
Simmons withdrew his amendment. [109-1, H3640]

June 29, 2005

            H.R. 3058, Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban 
                    Development, the Judiciary, the District of 
                    Columbia, and Independent Agencies Appropriations 
                    Act, 2006
    A point of order was raised against section 218 of the 
bill, which would direct the Secretary of the Treasury to 
submit to the Committees on Appropriations a report defining 
currency manipulation and what actions would be construed as 
another nation manipulating its currency, and describing how 
statutory provisions addressing currency manipulation by 
America's trading partners contained in, and relating to, title 
22 U.S.C. 5304, 5305, and 286y can be better clarified 
administratively to provide for improved and more predictable 
evaluation. The chair ruled that the provision was in violation 
of Rule XXI, clause 2. The point of order was sustained, and 
the provision was stricken from the bill. [109-1, H5422]

June 14, 2005

            H.R. 2862, Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related 
                    Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Obey, which would have increased funding for the 
EDA by $53 million and paid for this increase by reducing the 
size of the tax cut for those making over one million dollars.
    The chair ruled that the provision proposes to change 
existing law and constitutes legislation on an appropriations 
bill and, therefore, violates clause 2 of Rule XXI. The point 
of order was sustained, and the amendment was not in order. 
[109-1, H4437]

May 26, 2005

            H.R. 2528, Military Quality of Life and Veterans Affairs 
                    Appropriations Act, 2006
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Obey, which would have increased the bill's 
appropriation for veterans medical care by $2.6 billion and 
paid for this increase by reducing the size of the tax cut for 
those making over one million dollars. The chair ruled that the 
provision proposes to change existing law and constitutes 
legislation on an appropriations bill and, therefore, violates 
clause 2 of Rule XXI. The point of order was sustained, and the 
amendment was not in order. [109-1, H4106]

May 19, 2005

            H.R. 2361, Department of the Interior, Environment, and 
                    Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Obey, which would have increased the bill's 
appropriation for the Clean Water State Revolving Fund by 
$500,000 and paid for this increase by reducing the size of the 
tax cut for those making over one million dollars.
    The chair ruled that the provision proposes to change 
existing law and constitutes legislation on an appropriations 
bill and, therefore, violates clause 2 of Rule XXI. The point 
of order was sustained, and the amendment was not in order. 
[109-1, H3640]

May 17, 2005

            H.R. 2360, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations 
                    Act, 2006
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Obey, which would have increased the bill's 
appropriation for Customs and Border Protection and paid for 
this increase by reducing the size of the tax cut for those 
making over one million dollars.
    The chair ruled that the provision proposes to change 
existing law and constitutes legislation on an appropriations 
bill and, therefore, violates clause 2 of Rule XXI. The point 
of order was sustained, and the amendment was not in order. 
[109-1, H3398]

September 14, 2004

            H.R. 5025, Transportation, Treasury, and Independent 
                    Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005
    A point of order was raised against section 644 of the 
bill, which would have amended section 6402 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 by adding a new subsection that allows for 
the offset of federal tax refunds to collect delinquent state 
unemployment compensation overpayments. The chair ruled that 
the provision was in violation of Rule XXI, clause 2. The point 
of order was sustained, and the provision was stricken from the 
bill. [108-2, H7176]

September 14, 2004

            H.R. 5025, Transportation, Treasury, and Independent 
                    Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005
    A point of order was raised against section 643 of the 
bill, which would have amended section 453(j) of the Social 
Security Act to allow access to data in the National Directory 
of New Hires for use in collecting delinquent non-tax federal 
debt. The chair ruled that the provision was in violation of 
Rule XXI, clause 2. The point of order was sustained, and the 
provision was stricken from the bill. [108-2, H7176]

September 14, 2004

            H.R. 5025, Transportation, Treasury, and Independent 
                    Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005
    A point of order was raised against section 642 of the 
bill, which would have amended Title 31 of the U.S. Code to 
allow the Federal Government to collect debts that are more 
than 10 years old by withholding federal tax refunds or 
garnishing Social Security benefits. The chair ruled that the 
provision was in violation of Rule XXI, clause 2. The point of 
order was sustained, and the provision was stricken from the 
bill. [108-2, H7176]

September 9, 2004

            H.R. 5006, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, 
                    and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
                    Act, 2005
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Brown (OH), which would have stopped the 
increase of Part B Medicare premiums, effectively leaving them 
at their current dollar amount. The chair ruled that the 
provision would provide new budget authority in excess of the 
suballocation provided by the Appropriations Committee, and 
therefore violated section 302(f) of the Congressional Budget 
Act of 1974. The point of order was sustained, and the 
amendment was not in order. [108-2, H6945]

September 8, 2004

            H.R. 5006, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, 
                    and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
                    Act, 2005
    A point of order was raised against section 219(b) of the 
bill, which created a Medicare claims processing fee for 
duplicative or incorrect claims for Medicare Part A or B 
services. The chair ruled that the provision was in violation 
of Rule XXI. The point of order was conceded, sustained, and 
the provision was stricken from the bill. [108-2, H6836]

June 18, 2004

            H.R. 4567, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations 
                    Act, 2005
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Sherman, which would have limited the funds made 
available in this Act for processing the importation of any 
article which is the product of Iran. The chair ruled that the 
provision was in violation of clause 5(a) of Rule XXI. The 
point of order was sustained, and the amendment was not in 
order. [108-2, p. H4551]

July 10, 2003

            H.R. 2660, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, 
                    and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
                    Act, 2004
    A point of order was raised against section 217(B) of the 
bill, which created a Medicare Claims Processing fee. An 
October 1, 2003, requirement assured a policy for providers to 
submit all Medicare claims electronically. Since most 
electronic billing systems eliminate inaccurate and duplicate 
claims, and because current law provided the proper small 
business exemption, the user fee was unnecessary. The chair 
ruled that the provision was in violation of Rule XXI, clause 
2(b). The point of order was conceded, sustained, and the 
provision was stricken from the bill. [108-1, p. H6560]

July 10, 2003

            H.R. 2660 Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, 
                    and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
                    Act, 2004
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Obey, which would have provided a 1-percentage 
add-on to the Federal assistance to every State for their 
Medicaid programs. This would have been paid for through a 
reduction in the size of the tax cut for persons who make more 
than $1 million a year. The chair ruled that the amendment 
constituted legislation in violation of Rule XXI, clause 2 (c), 
and in addition, constituted a tax measure in violation of Rule 
XXI, clause 5(a). The point of order was conceded and 
sustained. [108-1, p. H6547]

July 23, 2003

            H.R. 2799, Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the 
                    Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations, Act 
                    2004
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Levin, which would forbid expenditure of funds 
that would be used to negotiate free trade agreements that did 
not contain certain listed provisions, which imposed new duties 
that were not required by law and made the appropriations 
contingent upon the performance of said duties and on 
successful trade negotiations with other countries. The chair 
ruled that the provision was in violation of Rule XXI, clause 
2. The point of order was sustained. [108-1, p. H7337-7339]

September 4, 2003

            H.R. 2989, Transportation, Treasury, and Independent 
                    Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004
    A point of order was raised against portions of section 631 
of the bill, which would have amended the Trade Agreements Act 
of 1979. The provision exempted limitations on procurement. The 
chair ruled that the provision was in violation of Rule XXI, 
clause 2(b). The point of order was conceded, sustained and the 
language was stricken from the bill. [108-1, p. H7913]

September 4, 2003

            H.R. 2989, Transportation, Treasury, and Independent 
                    Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004
    A point of order was raised against the contents of Section 
164 of the bill, which amended the Buy America requirements for 
transit capital purchases of steel, iron, manufactured goods, 
and rolling stock. The chair ruled that these provisions were 
in violation of Rule XXI. The point of order was conceded, 
sustained, and the section was stricken from the bill. [108-1, 
p. H7912-7913]

September 8, 1999

            H.R. 2684, U.S. Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing 
                    and Urban Development Appropriations For 2000
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Edwards, which would have offset an increase in 
funding for veterans' health care by postponing the 
implementation of a capital gains tax cut. The chair Ruled that 
the amendment constituted legislation in violation of Rule XXI, 
clause 2(c), and, in addition, constituted a tax measure in 
violation of Rule XXI, clause 5(a). The point of order was 
sustained, and the amendment ruled not in order. [106-1, p. 
H7923]

September 3, 1997

            H.R. 2159, Foreign Operations Appropriations for Fiscal 
                    Year 1998
    A point of order was raised against section 539 of the 
bill, which would have restricted the President's ability to 
issue an executive order lifting import sanctions against 
Yugoslavia (Serbia). The Chair ruled that since current law 
allowed the President to waive the application of certain 
sanctions, including import prohibitions which affect tariff 
collections, the provision in question was a tariff measure 
within the meaning of Rule XXI, clause 5(b). The point of order 
was sustained, and the provision stricken from the bill. [105-
1, p. H 6731]

July 17, 1996

            H.R. 3756, Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government 
                    Appropriations Act of 1997
    A point of order was raised against an amendment which 
prohibited the use of funds by the United States Customs 
Service to take any action that allowed certain imports into 
the United States from the People's Republic of China. The 
point of order was sustained. [104-2, p. H 7708]

May 9, 1995

            H.R. 1361, Coast Guard Authorization
    A point of order was raised against an amendment which 
increased certain fees for large foreign-flag cruise ships. The 
Chair ruled that by increasing the fees charged by the Coast 
Guard for inspecting large foreign-flag cruise ships by an 
unspecified amount in order to offset a decrease in fees for 
other vessels, the amendment attenuated the relationship 
between the amount of the fee and the cost of the particular 
government activity for which it was assessed. Therefore the 
increased fee qualified as a tax or tariff within the meaning 
of Rule XXI, clause 5(b). The point of order was sustained, and 
the amendment ruled out of order. [1-4-1, p. H 4593]

June 15, 1994

            H.R. 4539, Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government 
                    Appropriation for Fiscal Year 1995
    A point of order was raised against section 527 of the 
bill, which would have amended the HTS to create a new tariff 
classification. The new classification would have changed the 
rate of duty on the import of certain fabrics intended for use 
in the manufacture of hot air balloons, thus having direct 
impact on customs revenues. The point of order was conceded and 
sustained, and the provision was stricken from the bill. [103-
2, p. H 4531]

September 16, 1992

            H.R. 5231, The National Competitiveness Act of 1992
    A point of order was raised against an amendment offered by 
Representative Walker. The bill was reported solely from the 
Committee on Science and Technology and amended the Internal 
Revenue Code to provide, inter alia, changes in the tax 
treatment of capital gains.
    The Chair sustained the point of order without elaboration. 
[H102-p. H8621]

October 23, 1990

            H.R. 5021, Department of Commerce, Justice and State, the 
                    Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 
                    1991
    A point of order was raised against amendment 139 which 
increased the rate of fees paid to the Securities and Exchange 
Commission at the time of filing a registration statement. The 
Chair ruled that since the amendment provided that the 
increased level of fees would be deposited in the Treasury, the 
fee involved was in reality a tax and the revenues were to be 
used to defray general governmental costs. The point of order 
was conceded and sustained. [101-2, p. H 11412]

July 13, 1990

            H.R. 5241, Treasury, Postal Service and General Government 
                    Appropriations Act of 1991
    A point of order was raised against section 528 which 
prohibited that ``no funds appropriated'' would be used to 
impose or assess any tax under section 4181 of the Internal 
Revenue Code relating to the excise tax on the manufacture of 
firearms. The point of order was conceded and sustained. [101-
2, p. H 4692]

July 13, 1990

            H.R. 5241, Treasury, Postal Service and General Government 
                    Appropriations Act of 1991
    A point of order was raised against section 524 which 
prohibited the Internal Revenue Service from enforcing rules 
governing the antidiscrimination rules of the exclusion for 
employer provided health-care plans (section 89 of the Internal 
Revenue Code). The point of order was conceded and sustained. 
[101-2, p. H 4692]

October 5, 1989

            H.R. 3299, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989
    A point of order was raised against section 3201 which 
imposed fees on the filing of certain forms required to be 
filed annually in connection with maintaining pension and 
benefit plans. The point of order was sustained with the Chair 
ruling that the revenue raised funded ``general government 
activity.'' [101-1, p. H 6662]

October 4, 1989

            H.R. 3299, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989
    A point of order was raised against section 3156 which 
imposed a ``Termination Fee.'' Under the provision of the bill, 
an employer who terminated a pension plan in a standard 
termination was required to pay a $200-per-participant fee to 
the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), the Federal 
insurance agency established to insure defined benefit pension 
plans against insolvency. The point of order was conceded and 
sustained. [101-1, p. H 6621]

October 4, 1989

            H.R. 3299, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989
    A point of order was raised against section 3131(b) which 
exempted multi-employer pension plans from the full funding 
limits of the Internal Revenue Code, section 412(c)(7). This 
provision directly amended the Internal Revenue Code to allow 
the deductibility of contributions to a multi-employer pension 
plan in excess of the full funding limit. The point of order 
was conceded and sustained. [101-1, p. H 6622]

October 4, 1989

            H.R. 3299, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989
    A point of order was raised against section 7002 which 
imposed an annual fee of $1 per acre on the holder of Outer 
Continental Shelf leases. This fee has been designated to 
offset the costs of ocean related environmental research, 
assessment, and protection programs. The point of order was 
sustained with the Chair stating that a provision raising 
revenue to finance general government functions improperly 
characterized as a tax within the jurisdiction of Clause 5(b) 
of Rule XXI. [101-1, p. H 6610]

October 4, 1989

            H.R. 3299, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989
    A point of order was raised against section 7002 which 
imposed a fee of $20 per passenger on vessels engaged in U.S. 
cruise trade or which offer off-shore gambling. The proceeds of 
this fee were to be deposited in both the Harbor Maintenance 
Trust Fund and the Treasury's general fund. The point of order 
was conceded and sustained. [101-1, p. H 6620]

September 30, 1988

            H.R. 4637, Conference Agreement to accompany the Foreign 
                    Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs 
                    Appropriations Act of 1989
    A point of order was raised against the motion to concur in 
the Senate amendment No. 176 which provided that S. 2848 
(Sanctions Against Iraqi Chemical Weapons Use Act), be added to 
the bill. The point of order was conceded and sustained. [100-
2, p. H 9236]

June 25, 1987

            H.R. 3545, Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
    A point of order was raised against the section of the bill 
providing that ``all earnings and distributions'' from the 
Enjebi Community Trust Fund, ``shall not be subject to any form 
of Federal, State, or local taxation.'' The point of order was 
conceded and sustained. [100-1, p. H 5539-40]

August 1, 1986

            H.R. 5294, Appropriations, Treasury, Postal Service and 
                    General Government Appropriations, 1987
    A point of order was raised against section 103 which 
denied funds to the Internal Revenue Service to impose vesting 
requirements for qualified pension funds more stringent than 4/
40. As a result, legally collectible taxes on employer 
contributions to such plans would be indefinitely deferred. The 
point of order was conceded and sustained. [99-2, p. H 5311]

August 1, 1986

            H.R. 5294, Appropriations, Treasury, Postal Service and 
                    General Government Appropriations, 1987
    A point of order was raised against section 3 which 
prohibited the use of funds to implement regulations issued by 
the Department of the Treasury to implement section 274(d) of 
the Internal Revenue Code relating to the duty imposed on 
taxpayers to substantiate deductibility of certain expenses 
relating to travel, gifts, and entertainment.
    The Chair sustained the point of order stating that a 
limitation otherwise in order under Clause 2(c), of House Rule 
XXI which ``effectively and inherently either preclude[s] the 
IRS from collecting revenues otherwise due to be [owed] under 
provision of the Internal Revenue Code or require[s] the 
collection of revenue not legally due and owing constitutes a 
tax provision within the meaning of Rule XXI, Clause 5(b).''
    The Chair also noted that when the point of order was 
raised that under the Rule the point of order against the 
provision could be raised at any point during the consideration 
of the bill. [99-2, p. H 5310]

October 24, 1986

            H.R. 3500, Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
    A point of order was raised against section 3113. The 
provision in the reconciliation bill reported from the Budget 
Committee contained a recommendation from the Committee on 
Education and Labor to exclude certain interest on obligations 
to Student Loan Marketing Association from Application of 
Internal Revenue Code (IRC), section 265 which denies a 
deduction for certain expenses and interest relating to the 
production of tax-exempt income. The point of order was 
sustained. [99-1, p. H 5310]

October 24, 1985

            H.R. 3500, Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
    A point of order was raised against section 6701 which had 
been reported from the Committee on the Budget containing a 
recommendation of the Committee on Merchant Marine and 
Fisheries. Section 6701 expanded tax benefits available to ship 
owners through the ``capital construction fund'' (section 7518 
of the IRC), by permitting repatriation of foreign-source 
income to avoid U.S. taxes and expanding the definition of 
vessels eligible to establish such tax-exempt funds. [99-1, p. 
H 9189]

July 26, 1985

            H.R. 3036, Appropriations, Treasury, Postal Service, and 
                    General Government Appropriation, 1986
    A point of order was raised against section 106 which 
prohibited the use of funds to implement or enforce regulations 
imposing or collecting a tax on the interest deferral from 
entrance or accommodation fees paid by elderly residents of 
continuing care facilities (section 7872 of the Internal 
Revenue Code). The Chair sustained the point of order against 
the provision as a tax provision within the meaning of House 
Rule XXI, Clause 5(b). [99-1, p. H 6418]

July 11, 1985

            H.R. 1555, International Security and Development Act of 
                    1985
    A point of order was raised against section 1208, which 
denied trade benefits to Afghanistan, provided for the denial 
of most favored nation status to Afghanistan and denied trade 
credits to Afghanistan. The point of order was conceded and 
sustained. [99-1, p. H 5489]

June 4, 1985

            H.R. 1460, Anti-Apartheid Act of 1985
    A point of order was raised against an amendment to 
prohibit the entry of South African Krugerrands or gold coins 
into the customs territory of the United States unless uniform 
5 percent fee were paid. The point of order was sustained on 
the grounds that the fee was equivalent to a tariff uniform 
charge imposed at ports of entry with proceeds deposited in the 
Treasury. [99-1, p. H 3762]

September 12, 1984

            H.R. 5798, conference report to accompany the 
                    Appropriations, Treasury, Postal Service, Executive 
                    Office of the President and certain independent 
                    agencies Appropriation, 1985
    A point of order was raised against a Senate amendment, No. 
92 which amended the existing customs law under the Tariff Act 
of 1930 with respect to seizures and forfeitures of property by 
the Customs Service. The point of order was conceded and 
sustained. [98-2, p.H 9407]

September 12, 1984

            H.R. 5798, conference report to accompany the 
                    Appropriations, Treasury, Postal Service, Executive 
                    Office of the President and certain independent 
                    agencies Appropriation, 1985
    A point of order was raised against a Senate amendment, No. 
26 which amended the tariff schedule of the United States 
(TSUS) to provide duty-free importation of a telescope for the 
University of Arizona. The point of order was conceded and 
sustained. [98-2, p. H9396]

September 12, 1984

            H.R. 5798, conference report to accompany the Treasury, 
                    Postal Service, Executive Office of the President 
                    and certain independent agencies, 1985
    A point of order was raised against a Senate amendment, No. 
24 which provided that ``none of the funds appropriated by this 
act or any other act'' shall be used to impose or assess the 
manufacturer's excise tax on sporting goods. The point of order 
specifically stated that the term ``tax'' and ``tariff'' under 
House Rule XXI, Clause 5(b), included provisions such as these 
contained in the amendment which would result in less revenue 
spent than under the operation of existing law. The point of 
order was conceded and sustained. [98-2, p. H 9395-9396]

October 27, 1983

            H.R. 4139, conference report to accompany the Treasury, 
                    Postal Service, Executive Office of the President 
                    and certain independent agencies, 1984
    The Chair sustained a point of order against section 511 
which would have prohibited the Customs Service from enforcing 
a provision of law permitting agricultural products to enter 
the United States duty-free under the CBI. The Chair ruled that 
the effect of the provision was to cause duties on certain 
imports to be imposed where none is required and to require 
collections of revenue contrary to existing tariff laws and 
that, as a result, section 511 was a tariff provision rather 
than a limitation of appropriated funds. [98-1, p. H 8717]

September 21, 1983

            H.R. 1036, Community Renewal Employment Act
    The Chair sustained a point of order against a motion to 
recommit a bill to a committee without jurisdiction over 
revenue measures (the Committee on Education and Labor), and to 
report the bill back to the House with tax provisions relating 
to ``enterprise zones.'' The motion was ruled to violate House 
Rule XVI, Clause 7, and House Rule XXI Clause 5(b). [98-1, p. H 
7244]

        H. Restrictions on ``Federal Income Tax Rate Increases''

    House Rule XXI, clause 5(b) requires a supermajority 3/5 
vote for any bill containing a prospective Federal income tax 
rate increase and clause 5(c) prohibits retroactive Federal 
income tax rate increases.
    The wording of the Rule and its legislative history make it 
clear that the Rule applies only to increases in specific 
statutory rates in the Internal Revenue Code and not to 
provisions merely because they raise revenue or otherwise 
modify the income tax base.

                     Appendix II. Historical Note 

    The Committee on Ways and Means was first established as an 
ad hoc committee in the first session of the First Congress, on 
July 24, 1789.\3\ Representative Fitzsimons, from Pennsylvania, 
in commenting on the report of a select committee concerning 
appropriations and revenues, pointed out the desirability of 
having a committee to review the expenditure needs of the 
Government and the resources available, as follows:

    \3\1 Cong. Rec. 696

          The finances of America have frequently been 
        mentioned in this House as being very inadequate to the 
        demands. I have ever been of a different opinion, and 
        do believe that the funds of this country, if properly 
        drawn into operation, will be equal to every claim. The 
        estimate of supplies necessary for the current year 
        appears very great from a report on your table, and 
        which report has found its way into the public 
        newspapers. I said on a former occasion, and I repeat 
        it now, notwithstanding what is set forth in the 
        estimate, that a revenue of $3 million in specie, will 
        enable us to provide every supply necessary to support 
        the Government, and pay the interest and installments 
        on the foreign and domestic debt. If we wish to have 
        more particular information on these points, we ought 
        to appoint a Committee on Ways and Means, to whom, 
        among other things, the estimate of supplies may be 
        referred, and this ought to be done speedily, if we 
        mean to do it this session.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\1 Cong. Rec. 696

    After discussion, the motion was agreed to and a committee 
consisting of one Member from each State (North Carolina and 
Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution) was 
appointed as follows: Messrs. Fitzsimons (Pennsylvania), Vining 
(Delaware), Livermore (New Hampshire), Cadwalader (New Jersey), 
Laurance (New York), Wadsworth (Connecticut), Jackson 
(Georgia), Gerry (Massachusetts), Smith (Maryland), Smith 
(South Carolina), and Madison (Virginia).
    While there does not appear to be any direct relationship, 
it is interesting to note that the appointment of this ad hoc 
committee came within a few weeks after the House, in Committee 
of the Whole, had spent a good part of the months of April, 
May, and June in wrestling with the details involved in writing 
bills for laying a duty on goods, wares, and merchandises 
imported into the United States and for imposing duties on 
tonnage. Tariffs, of course, became a prime revenue source for 
the new government.
    However, the results of this ad hoc committee are not 
clear. It existed for a period of only 8 weeks, being dissolved 
on September 17, 1789, with the following order:

          That the Committee on Ways and Means be discharged 
        from further proceeding on the business referred to 
        them, and that it be referred to the Secretary of the 
        Treasury to report thereon.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\1 Cong. Rec. 930

    It has also been suggested that the Committee was dissolved 
because Alexander Hamilton had become Secretary of the newly 
created U.S. Department of the Treasury, and thus it was 
presumed that the U.S. Department of the Treasury could provide 
the necessary machinery for developing information which would 
be needed. During the next 6 years there was no Committee on 
Ways and Means or any other standing committee for the 
examination of estimates. Rather, ad hoc committees were 
appointed to draw up particular pieces of legislation on the 
basis of decisions made in the Committee of the Whole House. On 
November 13, 1794, a Rule was adopted providing that: All 
proceedings touching appropriations of money shall be first 
moved and discussed in a Committee on the Whole House.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\3 Cong. Rec. 881
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Historians have suggested that, during the next Congress, 
the House was determined to curtail Secretary Hamilton's 
influence by first setting up a Committee on Ways and Means and 
requiring that Committee to submit a report on appropriations 
and revenue measures before consideration in the Committee of 
the Whole House. It was also said that this Committee on Ways 
and Means was put on a more or less standing basis since such a 
committee appeared at some point in every Congress until it was 
made a permanent committee.
    In the first session of the 7th Congress, Tuesday, December 
8, 1801, a resolution was adopted as follows:

          Resolved, That a standing Committee on Ways and Means 
        be appointed, whose duty it shall be to take into 
        consideration all such reports of the Treasury 
        Department, and all such propositions, relative to the 
        revenue as may be referred to them by the House; to 
        inquire into the state of the public debt, of the 
        revenue, and of the expenditures; and to report, from 
        time to time, their opinion thereon.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\7 Cong. Rec. 312

    The following Members were appointed: Messrs. Randolph 
(Virginia), Griswold (Connecticut), Smith (Vermont), Bayard 
(Delaware), Smilie (Pennsylvania), Read (Massachusetts), 
Nicholson (Maryland), Van Rensselaer (New York), Dickson 
(Tennessee).
    On Thursday, January 7, 1802, the House agreed to standing 
Rules which, among other things, provided for standing 
committees, including the Committee on Ways and Means. The 
relevant part of the Rules in this respect read as follows:

          A Committee on Ways and Means, to consist of seven 
        Members;\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\7 Cong. Rec. 412

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          It shall be the duty of the said Committee on Ways 
        and Means to take into consideration all such reports 
        of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and all such 
        propositions relative to the revenue, as may be 
        referred to them by the House; to inquire into the 
        state of the public debt, of the revenue, and of the 
        expenditures, and to report, from time to time, their 
        opinion thereon; to examine into the state of the 
        several public departments, and particularly into the 
        laws making appropriations of moneys, and to report 
        whether the moneys have been disbursed conformably with 
        such laws; and also to report, from time to time, such 
        provisions and arrangements, as may be necessary to add 
        to the economy of the departments, and the 
        accountability of their officers.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \9\7 Cong. Rec. 412

    It has been said that the jurisdiction of the Committee was 
so broad in the early 19th century that one historian described 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
it as follows:

          It seemed like an Atlas bearing upon its shoulders 
        all the business of the House.\10\

    The jurisdiction of the Committee remained essentially the 
same until 1865 when the control over appropriations was 
transferred to a newly created Committee on Appropriations and 
another part of its jurisdiction was given to a newly created 
Committee on Banking and Currency. This action followed rather 
extended discussion in the House, too lengthy to review here.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\Alexander, De Alva Stanwood. History and Procedure of the House 
of Representatives. 1916
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    During the course of that discussion, however, the 
following observations are of some historical interest. 
Representative Cox, who was handling the motion to divide the 
Committee, presented a detailed description of the varied and 
heavy duties which had fallen on the Committee over the years. 
He observed:

          And yet, sir, powerful as the Committee is 
        constituted, even their powers of endurance, physical 
        and mental, are not adequate to the great duty which 
        has been imposed by the emergencies of this historic 
        time. It is an old adage, that whoso wanteth rest will 
        also want of might; and even an Olympian would faint 
        and flag if the burden of Atlas is not relieved by the 
        broad shoulders of Hercules.

    He continued:

          I might give here a detailed statement of the amount 
        of business thrown upon that Committee since the 
        commencement of the war. But I prefer to append it to 
        my remarks. Whereas before the war we scarcely expended 
        more than $70 million a year, now, during the five 
        sessions of the last two Congresses, there has been an 
        average appropriation of at least $800 million per 
        session. The statement which I hold in my hand shows 
        that during the first and extra session of the 37th 
        Congress there came appropriation bills from the 
        Committee on Ways and Means amounting to 
        $226,691,457.99. I say nothing now of the loan and 
        other fiscal bills emanating from that Committee. . . . 
        During the present session I suppose it would be a fair 
        estimate to take the appropriations of the last session 
        of the 37th Congress, say $900 million.
          These are appropriation bills alone. They are 
        stupendous, and but poorly symbolize the immense labors 
        which the internal revenue, tariff, and loan bills 
        imposed on the Committee. And this business of 
        appropriations is perhaps not one-half of the labor of 
        the Committee. There are various and important matters 
        upon which they act, but upon which they never report. 
        Their duties comprehend all the varied interests of the 
        United States; every element and branch of industry, 
        and every dollar or dime of value. They are connected 
        with taxation, tariffs, banking, loan bills, and ramify 
        to every fiber of the body-politic. All the springs of 
        wealth and labor are more or less influenced by the 
        action of this Committee. Their responsibility is 
        immense, and their control almost imperial over the 
        necessities, comforts, homes, hopes, and destinies of 
        the people. All the values of the United States, which 
        in the census of 1860 (page 194) amount to nearly $17 
        billion, or, to be exact, $16,159,616,068, are affected 
        by the action of that Committee, even before their 
        action is approved by the House. Those values fluctuate 
        whenever the head of the Committee on Ways and Means 
        rises in his place and proposes a measure. The price of 
        every article we use trembles when he proposes a gold 
        bill or a loan bill, or any bill to tax directly or 
        indirectly . . . the interests connected with these 
        economical questions are of all questions those most 
        momentous for the future. Parties, statesmanship, 
        union, stability, all depend upon the manner in which 
        these questions are dealt with.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \11\39 Cong. Rec. 1312

    Representative Morrill (who was subsequently appointed 
chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in the succeeding 
Congress, and who still later became chairman of the Senate 
Committee on Finance after he became a Senator) observed as 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
follows:

          I am entirely indifferent as to the disposition which 
        shall be made of this subject by the House. So far as I 
        am myself concerned, I have never sought any position 
        upon any committee from the present or any other 
        Speaker of the House, and probably never shall. I have 
        no disposition to press myself hereafter for any 
        position. In relation to the proposed division of the 
        Committee on Ways and Means, the only doubt that I have 
        is the one expressed by my colleague on that Committee, 
        Representative Stevens, in regard to the separation of 
        the questions of revenue from those relating to 
        appropriations. In ordinary times of peace I should 
        deem it almost indispensable and entirely within their 
        power that this Committee should have the control of 
        both subjects, in order that they might make both ends 
        meet, that is, to provide a sufficient revenue for the 
        expenditures. That reason applies now with greater 
        force; but it may be that the Committee is overworked. 
        It is true that for the last 3 or 4 years the labors of 
        the Committee on Ways and Means have been incessant, 
        they have labored not only days but nights; not only 
        weekends but Sundays. If gentlemen suppose that the 
        Committee have permitted some appropriations to be 
        reported which should not have been permitted they 
        little understand how much has been resisted.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \12\39 Cong. Rec. 1316

    The influence of the Committee came not only from the 
nature of its jurisdiction but also because for many years the 
chairman of the Committee was also ad hoc majority Floor leader 
of the House.
    When the revolt against Speaker Cannon occurred in 1910, 
and the Speaker's powers to appoint the Members of committees 
were curtailed, the Majority Members on the Committee on Ways 
and Means became the Committee on Committees. Subsequently, 
this power was disbursed to the respective party caucuses, 
beginning in the 94th Congress.
    Throughout its history, many famous Americans have served 
on the Committee on Ways and Means. The long and distinguished 
list includes 8 Presidents of the United States, 8 Vice 
Presidents, four Justices of the Supreme Court, 34 Cabinet 
members, and quite interestingly, 21 Speakers of the House of 
Representatives. This latter figure represents nearly one-half 
of the 51 Speakers who have served since 1789 through the end 
of the 113th Congress. See the alphabetical list which follows 
for names.

Major positions held by former members of the Committee on Ways and 
        Means

President of the United States:
          George H.W. Bush, Texas
          Millard Fillmore, New York
          James A. Garfield, Ohio
          Andrew Jackson, Tennessee
          James Madison, Virginia
          William McKinley, Jr., Ohio
          James K. Polk, Tennessee
          John Tyler, Virginia
Vice President of the United States:
          John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky
          George H.W. Bush, Texas
          Charles Curtis, Kansas
          Millard Fillmore, New York
          John N. Garner, Texas
          Elbridge Gerry, Massachusetts
          Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky
          John Tyler, Virginia
Justice of the Supreme Court:
          Philip P. Barbour, Virginia
          Joseph McKenna, California
          John McKinley, Alabama
          Fred M. Vinson, Kentucky (Chief Justice)
Speaker of the House of Representatives:
          Nathaniel P. Banks, Massachusetts
          Philip P. Barbour, Virginia
          James G. Blaine, Maine
          John G. Carlisle, Kentucky
          Langdon Cheves, South Carolina
          James B. (Champ) Clark, Missouri
          Howell Cobb, Georgia
          Charles F. Crisp, Georgia
          John N. Garner, Texas
          John W. Jones, Virginia
          Michael C. Kerr, Indiana
          Nicholas Longworth, Ohio
          John W. McCormack, Massachusetts
          James K. Polk, Tennessee
          Henry T. Rainey, Illinois
          Samuel J. Randall, Pennsylvania
          Thomas B. Reed, Maine
          Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts
          Andrew Stevenson, Virginia
          John W. Taylor, New York
          Robert C. Winthrop, Massachusetts
Secretary of State:
          James G. Blaine, Maine
          William J. Bryan, Nebraska
          Cordell Hull, Tennessee2
          Louis McLean, Delaware
          John Sherman, Ohio
Secretary of the Treasury:
          George W. Campbell, Tennessee
          John G. Carlisle, Kentucky
          Howell Cobb, Georgia
          Thomas Corwin, Ohio
          Charles Foster, Ohio
          Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania
          Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania
          Louis McLean, Delaware
          Ogden L. Mills, New York
          John Sherman, Ohio
          Philip F. Thomas, Maryland
          Fred M. Vinson, Kentucky
Attorney General:
          James P. McGranery, Pennsylvania
          Joseph McKenna, California
          A. Mitchell Palmer, Pennsylvania
          Caesar A. Rodney, Delaware
Secretary of the Interior:
          Rogers C.B. Morton, Maryland
          Jacob Thompson, Mississippi
Secretary of Agriculture:
          Clinton P. Anderson, New Mexico
Secretary of Commerce and Labor:
          Victor H. Metcalf, California
Secretary of Commerce:
          Rogers C.B. Morton, Maryland
Postmaster General:
          Samuel D. Hubbard, Connecticut
          Cave Johnson, Tennessee
          Horace Maynard, Tennessee
          William L. Wilson, West Virginia
Secretary of the Navy:
          Thomas W. Gilder, Virginia
          Hilary A. Herbert, Alabama
          Victor H. Metcalf, California
          Claude A. Swanson, Virginia

Appendix III. Statistical Review of the Activities of the Committee on 
                             Ways and Means


                  (January 3, 2013-December XX, 2013)


      A. Number of Bills and Resolutions Referred to the Committee

    During the 113th Congress a total of 881 bills were 
referred to the Committee, representing 23.2 percent of all the 
public bills introduced in the House of Representatives.
    The following table gives a more complete statistical 
review since 1967.


         TABLE 1--NUMBER OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE 90TH THROUGH 113TH CONGRESS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Introduced in       Referred to
                                                                     House            Committee       Percentage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
90th Congress................................................            24,227               3,806         15.7
91st Congress................................................            23,575               3,442         14.6
92nd Congress................................................            20,458               3,157         15.4
93rd Congress................................................            21,096               3,370           16
94th Congress................................................            19,371               3,747         19.3
95th Congress................................................            17,800               3,922           22
96th Congress................................................            10,196               2,337         22.9
97th Congress................................................             9,909               2,377         26.4
98th Congress................................................             8,104               1,904         23.5
99th Congress................................................             7,522               1,568         20.8
100th Congress...............................................             7,043               1,419         22.1
101st Congress...............................................             7,640               1,737         22.7
102nd Congress...............................................             7,771               1,972         25.4
103rd Congress...............................................             6,645               1,496         22.5
104th Congress...............................................             5,329               1,071         20.1
105th Congress...............................................             5,976               1,509         25.2
106th Congress...............................................             6,942               1,762         25.3
107th Congress...............................................             7,029               1,941         27.6
108th Congress...............................................             6,953               1,541         22.2
109th Congress...............................................             8,152               2,152         26.4
110th Congress...............................................             9,319               2,386         25.6
111th Congress...............................................             8,780               1,764         20.1
112th Congress...............................................             7,842               2,581         32.9
113th Congress...............................................             3,795                 881        23.21
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           B. Public Hearings

    During the 113th Congress, the Committee on Ways and Means 
along with its six Subcommittees held numerous public hearings. 
Many of these hearings dealt with broad subject matter 
including the President's fiscal year 2013 budget proposals, 
tax reform, health and Social Security issues, and trade 
policy.
    As the statistics below indicate, during the 113th 
Congress, the full Committee and its six Subcommittees held 
public hearings aggregating a total of 49, during which time 
219 witnesses testified. There was one field hearing.
    The following table specifies the statistical data on the 
number of days and witnesses on each of the subjects covered by 
public hearings in the full Committee during the 113th 
Congress.

  TABLE 2--PUBLIC HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY THE FULL COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND
                                  MEANS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Number of--
                 Subject and date                  ---------------------
                                                      Days    Witnesses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2013:
    Debt Limit, January 22........................        1            4
    Tax Reform and Charitable Contributions,              1           41
     February 14..................................
    Tax Reform and Tax Provisions Affecting State         1            4
     and Local Governments, March 19..............
    President's Fiscal Year 2014 Budget Proposal          1            1
     with U.S. Department of the Treasury
     Secretary Jacob J. Lew, April 11.............
    President's Fiscal Year 2014 Budget Proposal          1            1
     with U.S. Department of Health and Human
     Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, April
     12...........................................
    Tax Reform and Residential Real Estate, April         1            9
     25...........................................
    Internal Revenue Service Targeting                    1            2
     Conservative Groups, May 17..................
    Organizations Targeted by Internal Revenue            1            6
     Service for Their Personal Beliefs, June 4...
    Tax Reform: Tax Havens, Base Erosion and              1            3
     Profit-Shifting, June 13.....................
    Status of Internal Revenue Service's Review of        1            1
     Taxpayer Targeting Practices, June 27........
    President Obama's Trade Policy Agenda with            1            1
     U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman,
     July 18......................................
    Status of the Affordable Care Act                     1            2
     Implementation, August 1.....................
    Status of the Affordable Care Act                     1            1
     Implementation, October 29...................
        Total for 113th Congress..................       13           76
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The six Subcommittees of the Committee on Ways and Means 
were also very active in conducting public hearings during the 
113th Congress. The following table specifies in detail the 
number of days and witnesses for each of the Subcommittees.

TABLE 3--PUBLIC HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY THE SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE COMMITTEE
                            ON WAYS AND MEANS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Number of--
                 Subject and date                  ---------------------
                                                      Days    Witnesses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY

2013:
    Financing Challenges Facing the Social                1            2
     Security Disability Insurance Program, March
     14...........................................
    Challenges of Achieving Fair and Consistent           1            5
     Disability Decisions, March 20...............
    The President's and Other Bipartisan                  1            5
     Entitlement Reform Proposals, April 18.......
    The Challenges Facing the Next Commissioner of        1            2
     Social Security, April 26....................
    The President's and Other Bipartisan                  1            6
     Entitlement Reform Proposals, May 23.........
    How Social Security Protects the Benefits of          1            3
     Those Who Cannot Protect Themselves, June 5..
    Encouraging Work Through the Social Security          1            6
     Disability Insurance Program, June 19........
    Social Security Disability Fraud Conspiracy in        1            2
     Puerto Rico, September 19....................
        Total for 113th Congress..................        8           31

                          SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE
2013:
    U.S.-India Trade Relations: Opportunities and         1            5
     Challenges, March 13.........................
    U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Partnership              1            4
     Negotiations, May 16.........................
    U.S.-Brazil Trade and Investment Relationship:        1            4
     Opportunities and Challenges, June 12........
        Total for 113th Congress..................        3           13

                         SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH

2013:
    Examining Traditional Medicare's Benefit              1            3
     Design, Feb 26...............................
    MedPAC's Annual March Report to Congress,             1            1
     March 15.....................................
    Developing a Viable Medicare Physician Payment        1            5
     Policy, May 7................................
    The President's and Other Bipartisan Proposals        1            3
     to Reform Medicare, May 21...................
    The President's and Other Bipartisan Proposals        1            2
     to Reform Medicare Post-Acute Care Payments,
     June 14......................................
    2013 Medicare Trustees Report, June 20........        1            2
    Delay of the Employer Mandate, July 10........        1            6
    Second Hearing on the Delay of the Employer           1            1
     Mandate Penalties and Reporting Requirements,
     July 17......................................
    Challenges of the Affordable Care Act,                1            4
     December 4...................................
        Total for 113th Congress..................        9           27

                        SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT

2013:
    Tax-Related Provisions in the President's             1            7
     Health Care Law, March 5.....................
    Examining the Government's Ability to Continue        1            5
     Operations When at the Statutory Debt Limit,
     April 10.....................................
    Internal Revenue Service Operations and the           1            1
     2013 Tax Return Filing Season, April 25......
    Internal Revenue Service's Colleges and               1            1
     Universities Compliance Project, May 8.......
    Internal Revenue Service's Exempt                     1            1
     Organizations Division Post-TIGTA Audit,
     September 18.................................
        Total for 113th Congress..................        5           15

                     SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES

2013:
    Increasing Adoptions from Foster Care,                1            4
     February 27..................................
    Chairman Reichert Announces Hearing on Waiving        1            5
     Work Requirements in the TANF Program,
     February 28..................................
    Implementation of 2012 Unemployment Insurance         1            5
     Reforms, April 16............................
    Letting Kids Be Kids: Balancing Safety with           1            5
     Opportunity for Foster Youth, May 9..........
    Reviewing How Today's Fragmented Welfare              1            5
     System Fails to Lift Up Poor Families, June
     18...........................................
    Evaluating Efforts to Help Families Support           1            5
     their Children and Escape Poverty, July 17...
    Improving the Safety Net to Ensure Families           1            4
     Receive Real Help, July 31...................
    Ending Cash for Convicts and Other Ways to            1            5
     Improve the Integrity of the UI Program,
     September 11.................................
    Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of          1           10
     Youth in Foster Care, October 23.............
        Total for 113th Congress..................        9           48

                 SUBCOMMITTEE ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES

2013:
    Financial Products Tax Reform Discussion              1            5
     Draft, March 20..............................
    Small Business and Pass-Through Entity Tax            1            4
     Reform Discussion Draft, May 15..............
        Total for 113th Congress..................        2            9
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           C. Markup Sessions

    With respect to markup or business sessions during the 
113th Congress, the full Committee held such sessions on 6 
working days.

D. Number and Final Status of Bills Reported From the Committee on Ways 
                    and Means in the 113th Congress

    During the 113th Congress, the Committee reported to the 
House a total of 3 bills favorably. There were 21 bills 
containing provisions within the purview of the Committee that 
were passed by the House; 6 were enacted into law. This is not 
indicative of the total number of bills considered by the 
Committee.

Appendix IV. Chairmen of the Committee on Ways and Means and Membership 
       of the Committee from the 1st through the 113th Congresses


    A. Chairmen of the Committee on Ways and Means, 1789 to Present


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Name                           State                    Party               Term of Service
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas Fitzsimons...................  Pennsylvania...........  Federalist............  1789 .
William L. Smith....................  South Carolina.........  Federalist............  1794 to 1797.
Robert G. Harper....................  South Carolina.........  Federalist............  1797 to 1800.
Roger Griswold......................  Connecticut............  Federalist............  1800 to 1801.
John Randolph.......................  Virginia...............  Jeffersonian            1801 to 1805, 1827.
                                                                Republican.
Joseph Clay.........................  Pennsylvania...........  Jeffersonian            1805 to 1807.
                                                                Republican.
George W. Campbell..................  Tennessee..............  Jeffersonian            1807 to 1809.
                                                                Republican.
John W. Eppes.......................  Virginia...............  Jeffersonian            1809 to 1811.
                                                                Republican.
Ezekiel Bacon.......................  Massachusetts..........  Jeffersonian            1811 to 1812.
                                                                Republican.
Langdon Cheves......................  South Carolina.........  Jeffersonian            1812 to 1813.
                                                                Republican.
John W. Eppes.......................  Virginia...............  Jeffersonian            1813 to 1815.
                                                                Republican.
William Lowndes.....................  South Carolina.........  Jeffersonian            1815 to 1818.
                                                                Republican.
Samuel Smith........................  Maryland...............  Jeffersonian            1818 to 1822.
                                                                Republican.
Louis McLane........................  Delaware...............  Jeffersonian            1822 to 1827.
                                                                Republican.
George McDuffie.....................  South Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1827 to 1832.
Gulian C. Verplanck.................  New York...............  Democrat..............  1832 to 1833.
James K. Polk.......................  Tennessee..............  Democrat..............  1833 to 1835.
C. C. Cambreleng....................  New York...............  Democrat..............  1835 to 1839.
John W. Jones.......................  Virginia...............  Democrat..............  1839 to 1841.
Millard Fillmore....................  New York...............  Whig..................  1841 to 1843.
James Iver McKay....................  North Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1843 to 1847.
Samuel F. Vinton....................  Ohio...................  Whig..................  1847 to 1849.
Thomas H. Bayly.....................  Virginia...............  Democrat..............  1849 to 1851.
George S. Houston...................  Alabama................  Democrat..............  1851 to 1855.
Lewis D. Campbell...................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1855 to 1857.
J. Glancy Jones.....................  Pennsylvania...........  Democrat..............  1857 to 1858.
John S. Phelps......................  Missouri...............  Democrat..............  1858 to 1859.
John Sherman........................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1859 to 1861.
Thaddeus Stevens....................  Pennsylvania...........  Republican............  1861 to 1865.
Justin S. Morrill...................  Vermont................  Republican............  1865 to 1867.
Robert C. Schneck...................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1867 to 1871.
Samuel D. Hooper....................  Massachusetts..........  Republican............  1871.
Henry L. Dawes......................  Massachusetts..........  Republican............  1871 to 1875.
William R. Morrison.................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1875 to 1877.
Fernando Wood.......................  New York...............  Democrat..............  1877 to 1881.
John R. Tucker......................  Virginia...............  Democrat..............  1881.
William D. Kelley...................  Pennsylvania...........  Republican............  1881 to 1883.
William R. Morrison.................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1883 to 1887.
Roger Q. Mills......................  Texas..................  Democrat..............  1887 to 1889.
William McKinley, Jr................  Ohio...................  Republican............  1889 to 1891.
William M. Springer.................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1891 to 1893.
William L. Wilson...................  West Virginia..........  Democrat..............  1893 to 1895.
Nelson Dingley, Jr..................  Maine..................  Republican............  1895 to 1899.
Sereno E. Payne.....................  New York...............  Republican............  1899 to 1911.
Oscar W. Underwood..................  Alabama................  Democrat..............  1911 to 1915.
Claude Kitchin......................  North Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1915 to 1919.
Joseph W. Fordney...................  Michigan...............  Republican............  1919 to 1923.
William R. Green....................  Iowa...................  Republican............  1923 to 1928.
Willis C. Hawley....................  Oregon.................  Republican............  1929 to 1931.
James W. Collier....................  Mississippi............  Democrat..............  1931 to 1933.
Robert L. Doughton..................  North Carolina.........  Democrat..............  1933 to 1947, 1949 to
                                                                                        1953.
Harold Knutson......................  Minnesota..............  Republican............  1947 to 1949.
Daniel A. Reed......................  New York...............  Republican............  1953 to 1955.
Jere Cooper.........................  Tennessee..............  Democrat..............  1955 to 1957.
Wilbur D. Mills.....................  Arkansas...............  Democrat..............  1957 to 1975.
Al Ullman...........................  Oregon.................  Democrat..............  1975 to 1981.
Dan Rostenkowski....................  Illinois...............  Democrat..............  1981 to 1994.
Sam Gibbons, Acting Chairman........  Florida................  Democrat..............  1994 to 1995.
Bill Archer.........................  Texas..................  Republican............  1995 to 2001.
William W. Thomas...................  California.............  Republican............  2001 to 2007.
Charles B. Rangel...................  New York...............  Democrat..............  2007 to 2010.
Sander M. Levin, Acting Chairman....  Michigan...............  Democrat..............  2010 to 2011.
Dave Camp...........................  Michigan...............  Republican............  2011-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

             B. Tables Showing Membership of the Committee


1. MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS FROM THE 1ST THROUGH THE 
                        113TH CONGRESS, BY STATE

[Beginning with the 104th Congress, Intra-Congress Committee Membership 
                         changes are footnoted]


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Members                            Congress(es)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama:
    John McKinley..............................                       23
    David Hubbard..............................                       26
    Dixon H. Lewis.............................                    27-28
    George S. Houston..........................             29-30, 32-33
    James F. Dowdell...........................                       35
    Hilary A. Herbert..........................                       48
    Joseph Wheeler.............................                    53-55
    Oscar W. Underwood.........................                56, 59-63
    Ronnie G. Flippo...........................                   98-101
    Arthur Davis...............................                  110-111
Arizona:
    J.D. Hayworth..............................                  105-109
Arkansas:
    James K. Jones.............................                       48
    Clifton R. Breckinridge....................                49-51, 53
    William A. Oldfield........................                    64-70
    Heartsill Ragon............................                    70-73
    William J. Driver..........................                       72
    Claude A. Fuller...........................                    73-75
    Wilbur D. Mills............................                    77-94
    Jim Guy Tucker, Jr.........................                       94
    Beryl Anthony, Jr..........................                       95
    Tim Griffin................................                     113-
California:
    Joseph McKenna.............................                    51-52
    Victor H. Metcalf..........................                    57-58
    James C. Needham...........................                    58-62
    William H. Evans...........................                       73
    Frank H. Buck..............................                    74-77
    Bertrand W. Gearhart.......................                    76-80
    Cecil R. King..............................             78-79, 81-90
    James B. Utt...............................                83, 86-91
    James C. Corman............................                    90-96
    Jerry L. Pettis............................                    91-94
    William M. Ketchum.........................                    94-95
    Fortney Pete Stark.........................                   94-112
    John H. Rousselot..........................                    95-97
    Robert T. Matsui...........................                  i97-104
    William M. Thomas..........................                   98-109
    Wally Herger...............................                  103-112
    Xavier Becerra.............................                     103-
    Mike Thompson..............................                     109-
    Devin Nunes................................                   ii109-
    Linda Sanchez..............................                     113-
Colorado:
    Robert W. Bonynge..........................                       60
    Charles B. Timberlake......................                    66-72
    John A. Carroll............................                       81
    Donald G. Brotzman.........................                    92-93
    George H. ``Hank'' Brown...................                  100-101
    Scott McInnis..............................                  106-108
    Bob Beauprez...............................                      109
Connecticut:
    Jeremiah Watson............................                        1
    Uriah Tracy................................                        3
    James Hillhouse............................                        4
    Nathaniel Smith............................                      4-5
    Joshua Coit................................                        5
    Roger Griswold.............................                      5-8
    John Davenport.............................                        8
    Jonathon O. Moseley........................                9, 14, 16
    Benjamin Tallmadge.........................                    10-11
    Timothy Pitkin.............................                12-13, 15
    Ralph I. Ingersoll.........................                    21-22
    Samuel D. Hubbard..........................                       30
    James Phelps...............................                    45-46
    Charles A. Russel..........................                    54-57
    Ebenezer J. Hill...........................             58-62, 64-65
    John Q. Tilson.............................                    66-68
    Antoni N. Sadlak...........................                    83-85
    William R. Cotter..........................                    94-97
    Barbara B. Kennelly........................                   98-105
    Nancy L. Johnson...........................                  101-109
    John B. Larson.............................                     109-
Delaware:
    John Vining................................                        1
    Henry Latimer..............................                        3
    John Patten................................                        4
    James A. Bayard, Sr........................                     5, 7
    Caesar A. Rodney...........................                        8
    Louis McLane...............................                    16-19
Florida:
    A. S. Herlong, Jr..........................                    84-90
    Sam M. Gibbons.............................                91-104 L.
    A. ``Skip'' Bafalis........................                    94-97
    E. Clay Shaw, Jr...........................                  100-109
    Karen L. Thurman...........................                  105-107
    Mark Foley.................................               iii104-109
    Kendrick Meek..............................                  110-111
    Ginny Brown-Waite..........................                      111
    Vern Buchanan..............................                     112-
Georgia:
    James Jackson..............................                        1
    Abraham Baldwin............................                      3-5
    Benjamin Taliaferro........................                        6
    John Milledge..............................                        7
    David Meriwether...........................                      8-9
    William W. Bibb............................                    12-13
    Joel Abbott................................                       15
    Joel Crawford..............................                    15-16
    Wiley Thompson.............................                    17-18
    George R. Gilmer...........................                       20
    Richard H. Wilde...........................                    22-23
    George W. Owens............................                    24-25
    Charles E. Haynes..........................                       25
    Mark A. Cooper.............................                       26
    Absalom H. Chappell........................                       28
    Seaborn Jones..............................                       29
    Robert Toombs..............................                    30-31
    Alexander H. Stephens......................                31-31, 33
    Marshall J. Wellborn.......................                       31
    Howell Cobb................................                       34
    Martin J. Crawford.........................                    35-36
    Benjamin H. Hill...........................                       44
    Henry R. Harris............................                   45, 49
    William H. Felton..........................                       46
    Emory Speer................................                       47
    James H. Blount............................                       48
    Henry G. Turner............................                    50-54
    Charles F. Crisp...........................                       54
    James M. Griggs............................                    60-61
    William G. Brantley........................                    61-62
    Charles R. Crisp...........................                    64-72
    Albert S. Camp.............................                    78-83
    Phillip M. Landrum.........................                    89-94
    Ed Jenkins.................................                   95-102
    Wyche Fowler, Jr...........................                    96-99
    John Lewis.................................                     103-
    Mac Collins................................                  104-108
    John Linder................................                  109-111
    Tom Price..................................                     112-
Hawaii:
    Cecil ``Cec'' Heftel.......................                    96-99
Illinois:
    Daniel P. Cook.............................                       19
    John A. McClernand.........................                       37
    John Wentworth.............................                       39
    John A. Logan..............................                       40
    Samuel S. Marshall.........................                       41
    Horatio C. Burchard........................                    42-45
    William R. Morrison........................                44, 46-49
    William M. Springer........................                       52
    Albert J. Hopkins..........................                    52-57
    Henry S. Boutell...........................                    58-61
    Henry T. Rainey............................             62-66, 68-72
    John A. Sterling...........................                       65
    Ira C. Copley..............................                    66-67
    Carl R. Chindblom..........................                    68-72
    Chester C. Thompson........................                    74-75
    Raymond S. McKeough........................                    76-77
    Charles S. Dewey...........................                       78
    Thomas J. O'Brien..........................                79, 81-88
    Noah M. Mason..............................                    80-87
    Harold C. Collier..........................                    88-93
    Dan Rostenkowski...........................                   88-103
    Abner J. Mikva.............................                    94-96
    Philip M. Crane............................                   94-108
    Marty Russo................................                   96-102
    Mel Reynolds...............................                      103
    Jerry Weller...............................                  105-110
    Rahm Emanuel...............................                  109-110
    Danny K. Davis.............................                111, 113-
    Peter Roskam...............................                     111-
    Aaron Schock...............................                     112-
Indiana:
    David Wallace..............................                       27
    Cyrus L. Dunham............................                       32
    William E. Niblack.........................                   40, 43
    Godlove S. Orth............................                       41
    Michael C. Kerr............................                       42
    Thomas M. Browne...........................                    48-50
    William D. Bynum...........................                   50, 53
    Benjamin F. Shively........................                       52
    George W. Steele...........................                    54-57
    James E. Watson............................                    58-60
    Edgar D. Crumpacker........................                    60-61
    Lincoln Dixon..............................                    62-65
    Harry C. Canfield..........................                    71-72
    John W. Boehne, Jr.........................                    73-77
    Robert A. Grant............................                       80
    Andy Jacobs, Jr............................                   94-104
    Chris Chocola..............................                      109
    Todd Young.................................                     113-
Iowa:
    John A. Kasson.............................            38, 43, 47-48
    William B. Allison.........................                    39-41
    John H. Gear...............................                   51, 53
    Jonathon P. Dolliver.......................                    54-56
    William R. Green...........................                    63-70
    C. William Ramseyer........................                    70-71
    Otha D. Wearin.............................                       75
    Lloyd Thurston.............................                       75
    Thomas E. Martin...........................                    80-83
    Fred Grandy................................                  102-103
    Jim Nussel.................................                  104-109
Kansas:
    Dudley C. Haskell..........................                       47
    Chester I. Long............................                    56-57
    Charles Curtis.............................                    58-59
    William A. Calderhead......................                    60-61
    Victor Murdock.............................                       63
    Guy T. Helvering...........................                    64-65
    Frank Carlson..............................                    76-79
    Martha E. Keys.............................                    94-95
    Lynn Jenkins...............................                     112-
Kentucky:
    Alexander D. Orr...........................                        3
    Christopher Greenup........................                        4
    Thomas T. Davis............................                        5
    John Boyle.................................                        8
    Richard M. Johnson.........................                    11-12
    Thomas Montgomery..........................                       13
    David Trimble..............................                    15-16
    Nathan Gaither.............................                       22
    John Pope..................................                       25
    Thomas F. Marshall.........................                       27
    Garrett Davis..............................                       28
    Charles S. Morehead........................                    30-31
    John C. Breckinridge.......................                       33
    Robert Mallory.............................                       38
    James B. Beck..............................                    42-43
    Henry Watterson............................                       44
    John G. Carlisle...........................                46-47, 51
    Joseph C.S. Blackburn......................                       48
    William C.P. Breckinridge..................                    49-50
    Alexander B. Montgomery....................                    52-53
    Walter Evans...............................                    54-55
    Ollie M. James.............................                       62
    Augustus O. Stanley........................                       63
    Frederick M. Vinson........................                    72-75
    Noble J. Gregory...........................                    78-85
    John C. Watts..............................                    86-92
    Jim Bunning................................                  102-105
    Ron Lewis..................................                  106-110
    Geoff Davis................................                iv110-112
Louisiana:
    Thomas B. Robertson........................                       14
    William L. Brent...........................                    19-20
    Walter H. Overton..........................                       21
    Lionel A. Sheldon..........................                       43
    Randall L. Gibson..........................                    45-46
    Charles J. Boatner.........................                       54
    Samuel F. Robertson........................                    55-59
    Robert F. Boussard.........................                       61
    Whitmell P. Martin.........................                    65-70
    Paul H. Mahoney............................                76, 78-79
    Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr......................                    81-91
    Joe D. Waggonner, Jr.......................                    92-95
    W. Henson Moore III........................                    96-99
    William J. Jefferson.......................            103, v105-109
    Jim McCrery................................                  103-110
    Jimmy Hayes................................                    vi104
    Charles W. Boustany, Jr....................                     111-
Maine:
    Peleg Sprague..............................                    19-20
    Francis O.J. Smith.........................                       24
    George Evans...............................                       26
    Israel Washburn, Jr........................                       36
    James G. Blaine............................                       44
    William P. Frye............................                       46
    Thomas B. Reed.............................             48-50, 52-53
    Nelson Dingley, Jr.........................                51, 54-55
    Daniel J. McGillicuddy.....................                       64
Maryland:
    William Smith..............................                        1
    Gabriel Christie...........................                        3
    William Vans Murray........................                        4
    William Hindman............................                      4-5
    William Craik..............................                        5
    Joseph H. Nicholson........................                      6-9
    Nicholas R. Moore..........................                        8
    Roger Nelson...............................                        9
    John Montgomery............................                    10-11
    Alexander McKim............................                       13
    Stevenson Archer...........................                       13
    Samuel Smith...............................                    14-17
    Isaac McKim................................                18, 23-25
    Henry W. Davis.............................                    34-36
    Phillip F. Thomas..........................                       44
    David J. Lewis.............................                    72-75
    Rogers C.B. Morton.........................                    91-92
    Benjamin L. Cardin.........................                  101-109
Massachusetts:
    Elbridge Gerry.............................                        1
    Fisher Ames................................                        3
    Theodore Sedgwick..........................                        4
    Theophilus Bradbury........................                        4
    Harrison Gray Otis.........................                      5-6
    Samuel Sewall..............................                        5
    Isaac Parker...............................                        5
    Bailey Bartlett............................                        6
    Nathan Read................................                        7
    Seth Hastings..............................                        8
    Josiah Quincy..............................                        9
    Ezekial Bacon..............................                    11-12
    Ebenezer Seaver............................                       11
    Henry Shaw.................................                       16
    Henry W. Dwight............................                    19-21
    Benjamin Gorham............................                       23
    Abbott Lawrence............................                   24, 26
    Richard Fletcher...........................                       25
    George N. Briggs...........................                       25
    Leverett Saltonstall.......................                       26
    Robert C. Winthrop.........................                       29
    Charles Hudson.............................                       30
    George Ashmun..............................                       31
    William Appleton...........................                32-33, 37
    Alexander De Witt..........................                       34
    Nathaniel P. Banks.........................                   35, 45
    Samuel Hooper..............................                    37-41
    Henry L. Dawes.............................                    42-43
    Chester W. Chapin..........................                       44
    William A. Russell.........................                    47-48
    Moses T. Stevens...........................                    52-53
    Samuel W. McCall...........................                    56-62
    Andrew J. Peters...........................                    62-63
    Augustus P. Gardner........................                    63-65
    John T. Mitchell...........................                       63
    Allen T. Treadway..........................                    65-78
    Peter F. Tague.............................                    67-68
    John W. McCormack..........................                    72-76
    Arthur D. Healey...........................                       77
    Charles L Gifford..........................                    79-80
    Angier L. Goodwin..........................                80, 82-83
    James A. Burke.............................                    87-95
    James M. Shannon...........................                    96-98
    Brian J. Donnelly..........................                   99-102
    Richard E. Neal............................                     103-
Michigan:
    William A. Howard..........................                    34-36
    Austin Blair...............................                       41
    Henry Waldron..............................                       43
    Omar D. Conger.............................                       46
    Jay A. Hubbell.............................                       47
    William C. Maybury.........................                       49
    Julius C. Burrows..........................                    50-53
    Justin R. Whiting..........................                    52-53
    William A. Smith...........................                       59
    Joseph W. Fordney..........................                    60-67
    James C. McLaughlin........................                    68-72
    Roy O. Woodruff............................                    73-82
    John D. Dingell............................                    74-84
    Victor A. Knox.............................                83, 86-88
    Thaddeus M. Machrowicz.....................                    84-87
    Martha W. Griffiths........................                    87-93
    Charles E. Chamberlain.....................                    91-93
    Richard F. Vander Veen.....................                    93-94
    Guy Vander Jagt............................                   94-102
    William M. Brodhead........................                    95-97
    Sander M. Levin............................                     100-
    Dave Camp..................................                     103-
Minnesota:
    Mark A. Dunnell............................                    46-47
    James A. Tawney............................                    54-58
    James T. McCleary..........................                       59
    Winfield S. Hammond........................                    62-63
    Sydney Anderson............................                       63
    Harold Knutson.............................                    73-80
    Eugene J. McCarthy.........................                    84-85
    Joseph E. Karth............................                    92-94
    Bill Frenzel...............................                   94-101
    Jim Ramstad................................                  104-110
    Erik Paulsen...............................                     111-
Mississippi:
    Jacob Thompson.............................                       31
    John Sharp Williams........................                    58-59
    James W. Collier...........................                    63-72
    Aaron Lane Ford............................                       77
Missouri:
    James S. Green.............................                       31
    John S. Phelps.............................                    32-37
    Henry T. Blow..............................                       38
    John Hogan.................................                       39
    Gustavus A. Finkelburg.....................                       42
    John C. Tarsney............................                    53-54
    Seth W. Cobb...............................                       54
    Champ Clark................................                    58-61
    Dorsey W. Shackleford......................                    62-63
    Clement C. Dickinson.......................      63-66, 68-70, 72-73
    Charles L. Faust...........................                    69-70
    Richard M. Duncan..........................                    74-77
    Thomas B. Curtis...........................                    83-90
    Frank M. Karsten...........................                    84-90
    Richard A. Gephardt........................                   95-101
    Mel Hancock................................                  103-104
    Kenny Hulshof..............................                  105-110
Montana:
    Lee W. Metcalf.............................                       86
    James F. Battin............................                    89-91
Nebraska:
    William J. Bryan...........................                    52-53
    Charles H. Sloan...........................                    63-65
    Ashton C. Shallenberger....................                       73
    Carl T. Curtis.............................                    79-83
    Hal Daub...................................                   99-100
    Peter Hoagland.............................                      103
    Jon Christensen............................                  104-105
    Adrian Smith...............................                     112-
Nevada:
    Francis G. Newlands........................                    56-57
    John Ensign................................                  104-105
    Jon Porter.................................                  109-110
    Shelley Berkley............................                  110-112
    Dean Heller................................               vii111-112
New Hampshire:
    Samuel Livermore...........................                        1
    Nicholas Gilman............................                      3-4
    Abiel Foster...............................                        5
    Nathaniel A. Haven.........................                       11
    Henry Hubbard..............................                       23
    Charles G. Atherton........................                    25-27
    Moses Norris, Jr...........................                    28-29
    Harry Hibbard..............................                    31-33
    Judd A. Gregg..............................                   99-100
New Jersey:
    Lambert Cadwalader.........................                        1
    Elias Boudinot.............................                        3
    Isaac Smith................................                        4
    Thomas Sinnickson..........................                        5
    James H. Imlay.............................                        6
    William Coxe, Jr...........................                       13
    John L. N. Stratton........................                       37
    William Hughes.............................                       62
    Isaac Bacharach............................                    66-74
    Donald H. McLean...........................                    76-78
    Robert W. Kean.............................                    78-85
    Henry Helstoski............................                       94
    Frank J. Guarini...........................                   96-102
    Dick Zimmer................................                      104
    Bill Pascrell..............................                     110-
New Mexico:
    Clinton P. Anderson........................                       79
New York:
    John Laurance..............................                        1
    John Watts.................................                        3
    Ezekial Gilbert............................                        4
    James Cochran..............................                        5
    Hezekiah L. Hosmer.........................                        5
    Jonas Platt................................                        6
    Killian K. Van Rensselaer..................                        7
    Joshua Sands...............................                        8
    Erastus Root...............................                       11
    John W. Taylor.............................                       13
    Jonathon Fisk..............................                       13
    Thomas J. Oakley...........................                       13
    James W. Wilkin............................                       14
    James Tallmadge, Jr........................                       15
    Albert H. Tracy............................                       16
    Nathaniel Pitcher..........................                       17
    Churchill C. Cambreleng....................             17-18, 23-25
    Dudley Marvin..............................                       19
    Gulian C. Verplanck........................                    20-22
    Aaron Vanderpoel...........................                       26
    Millard Filmore............................                       27
    Daniel D. Barnard..........................                       28
    David L. Seymour...........................                       28
    George O. Rathbun..........................                       28
    Orville Hungerford.........................                       29
    Henry Nicoll...............................                       30
    James Brooks...............................         31-32, 39-40, 42
    William Duer...............................                       31
    Solomon G. Haven...........................                       33
    Russell Sage...............................                       34
    John Kelly.................................                       35
    William B. MacLay..........................                       35
    Elbridge G. Spaulding......................                    36-37
    Erastus Corning............................                       37
    Reuben E. Fenton...........................                       38
    De Witt C. Littlejohn......................                       38
    Henry G. Stebbins..........................                       38
    John V. L. Pruyn...........................                       38
    Roscoe Conkling............................                       39
    Charles H. Winfield........................                       39
    John A. Griswold...........................                       40
    Dennis McCarthy............................                       41
    Ellis H. Roberts...........................                    42-43
    Fernando Wood..............................                    43-46
    Abram S. Hewitt............................                    48-49
    Frank Hiscock..............................                    48-49
    Sereno E. Payne............................                    51-63
    Roswell P. Flower..........................                       51
    William B. Cochran.........................             52-53, 58-60
    George B. McClellan........................                    55-58
    John W. Dwight.............................                       61
    Francis B. Harrison........................                    61-63
    Michael F. Conry...........................                       64
    George W. Fairchild........................                    64-65
    John F. Carew..............................                    65-71
    Luther W. Mott.............................                    66-67
    Alanson B. Houghton........................                       67
    Ogden L. Mills.............................                    67-69
    Frank Crowther.............................                    68-77
    Thaddeus C. Sweet..........................                       70
    Frederick M. Davenport.....................                    70-71
    Thomas H. Cullen...........................                    71-78
    Christopher D. Sullivan....................                    72-76
    Daniel A. Reed.............................                    73-86
    Walter A. Lynch............................                    78-81
    Eugene J. Keogh............................                    82-89
    Albert H. Bosch............................                       86
    Steven B. Derounin.........................                    87-88
    Barber B. Conable, Jr......................                    90-98
    Jacob H. Gilbert...........................                    90-91
    Hugh L. Carey..............................                    91-93
    Otis G. Pike...............................                    93-95
    Charles B. Rangel..........................                      94-
    Thomas J. Downey...........................                   96-102
    Raymond J. McGrath.........................                   99-102
    Michael R. McNulty.........................         103, viii104-110
    Amo Houghton...............................                  103-108
    Thomas M. Reynolds.........................                  109-110
    Joseph Crowley.............................                     110-
    Brian Higgins..............................                      111
    Christopher Lee............................                    ix112
    Tom Reed...................................                    x112-
North Carolina:
    William B. Grove...........................                        3
    Thomas Blount..............................                      4-5
    Robert Williams............................                        5
    David Stone................................                        6
    James Holland..............................                        7
    Willis Alston..............................                10-11, 13
    William Gaston.............................                    13-14
    Abraham Rencher............................                   25, 27
    Henry W. Conner............................                       26
    James I. McKay.............................                    28-30
    Edward Stanly..............................                       32
    William M. Robbins.........................                       45
    Edward W. Pou..............................                    60-61
    Claude Kitchin.............................                    62-67
    Robert L. Doughton.........................                    69-82
    James G. Martin............................                    94-98
    Bob Etheridge..............................                      111
North Dakota:
    Martin N. Johnson..........................                    54-55
    George M. Young............................                    66-68
    Byron L. Dorgan............................                   98-102
    Earl Pomeroy...............................                  107-111
    Rick Berg..................................                      112
Ohio:
    William Creighton, Jr......................                       13
    Thomas R. Ross.............................                       16
    Thomas Corwin..............................                    23-24
    Thomas L. Hamer............................                       25
    Taylor Webster.............................                       25
    Samson Mason...............................                    26-27
    John B. Weller.............................                       28
    Samuel F. Vinton...........................                    29-31
    Lewis B. Campbell..........................                    34-35
    John Sherman...............................                       36
    Valentine B. Horton........................                       37
    George B. Pendleton........................                       38
    James A. Garfield..........................                39, 44-46
    Robert C. Schenck..........................                    40-41
    Charles Foster.............................                       43
    Milton Sayler..............................                       45
    William McKinley, Jr.......................             46-47, 49-51
    Frank H. Hurd..............................                       48
    Charles H. Grosvenor.......................                    53-59
    Nicholas Longworth.........................             60-62, 64-67
    Timothy T. Ansberry........................                    62-63
    Alfred G. Allen............................                       64
    George White...............................                       65
    Charles C. Kearns..........................                    68-71
    Charles F. West............................                       73
    Thomas A. Jenkins..........................                    73-85
    Arthur P. Lamneck..........................                    74-75
    Stephen M. Young...........................                       81
    Jackson E. Betts...........................                    86-92
    Donald D. Clancy...........................                    93-94
    Charles A. Vanik...........................                    89-96
    Bill Gradison..............................                   95-103
    Don J. Please..............................                   97-102
    Rob Portman................................                xi104-109
    Stephanie Tubbs Jones......................               xii108-110
    Pat Tiberi.................................                     110-
    Jim Renacci................................                     113-
Oklahoma:
    Thomas A. Chandler.........................                       67
    James V. McClintic.........................                       73
    Wesley E. Disney...........................                    74-78
    James R. Jones.............................                    94-99
    Bill K. Brewster...........................                      103
    Wes Watkins................................                  105-107
Oregon:
    William R. Ellis...........................                       61
    Willis C. Hawkley..........................                    65-72
    Albert C. Ullman...........................                    87-96
    Mike Kopetski..............................                      103
    Earl Blumenauer............................                     110-
Pennsylvania:
    Thomas Fitzsimons..........................                     1, 3
    Albert Gallatin............................                      4-6
    Henry Woods................................                        6
    John Smilie................................               6-7, 10-12
    Joseph Clay................................                      8-9
    John Rea...................................                       11
    Jonathon Roberts...........................                    12-13
    Samuel D. Ingham...........................                13-14, 18
    John Sergeant..............................                   15, 25
    John Tod...................................                       17
    John Gilmore...............................                    21-22
    Horace Binney..............................                       23
    Richard Biddle.............................                       26
    Joseph R. Insersoll........................                24, 27-29
    James Pollock..............................                       30
    Moses Hampton..............................                       31
    J. Glancy Jones............................                   32, 35
    John Robbins...............................                       33
    James H. Campbell..........................                       34
    Henry M. Phillips..........................                       35
    Thaddeus Stevens...........................                    36-38
    James K. Moorehead.........................                    39-40
    William D. Kelley..........................                    41-50
    Russell Errett.............................                       47
    Samuel J. Randall..........................                       47
    William L. Scott...........................                       50
    Thomas M. Bayne............................                       51
    John Dalzell...............................                    52-62
    John J. Casey..............................                   64, 68
    Henry W. Watson............................                    66-73
    Harris J. Bixler...........................                       69
    Harry A. Estep.............................                    70-72
    Thomas C. Cochran..........................                       73
    Joshua T. Brooks...........................                       74
    Patrick J. Bolland.........................                    76-77
    Benjamin Jarrett...........................                    76-77
    James P. McGranery.........................                    77-78
    Herman P. Eberharter.......................                    78-85
    Richard M. Simpson.........................                    78-86
    William J. Green, Jr.......................                    86-88
    John A. Lafore, Jr.........................                       86
    Walter M. Mumma............................                    86-87
    George M. Rhodes...........................                    88-90
    Herman T. Schneebeli.......................                    87-94
    William J. Green, III......................                    90-94
    Raymond F. Lederer.........................                    95-96
    Dick Schulze...............................                   95-102
    Donald A. Bailey...........................                       97
    William J. Coyne...........................                   99-107
    Rick Santorum..............................                      103
    Philip S. English..........................                  104-110
    Melissa A. Hart............................                      109
    Alyson V. Schwartz.........................                     109-
    Jim Gerlach................................                  110-111
    Mike Kelly.................................                     113-
Rhode Island:
    Benjamin Bourne............................                      3-4
    Francis Malbone............................                        4
    Elisha R. Potter...........................                        4
    Christopher G. Champlin....................                        5
    John Brown.................................                        6
    Joseph Stanton, Jr.........................                        8
    Daniel L. D. Granger.......................                    59-60
    George F. O'Shaunessy......................                       65
    Richard S. Aldrich.........................                    69-72
    Aime J. Forand.............................                    78-86
South Carolina:
    William L. Smith...........................                      3-5
    Robert Goodloe Harper......................                      5-6
    Abraham Nott...............................                        6
    David R. Williams..........................                        9
    Langdon Cheves.............................                       12
    Theodore Gourdin...........................                       13
    William Lowndes............................                    13-15
    John Taylor................................                       14
    Thomas R. Mitchell.........................                       17
    George McDuffie............................                    18-22
    R. Barnwell Rhett..........................                    25-26
    Francis W. Pickens.........................                       27
    John L. McLaurin...........................                    54-55
    Ken Holland................................                    95-97
    Carroll A. Campbell, Jr....................                    98-99
Tennessee:
    Andrew Jackson.............................                        4
    William C.C. Claibrone.....................                        5
    William Dickson............................                     7, 9
    George W. Campbell.........................                       10
    Bennett H. Henderson.......................                       14
    Francis Jones..............................                    16-17
    James K. Polk..............................                    22-23
    Cave Johnson...............................                       24
    George W. Jones............................                    31-34
    Horace Maynard.............................                37, 40-42
    Benton McMillan............................                    49-55
    James D. Richardson........................                    55-57
    Cordell Hull...............................             62-66, 68-71
    Edward E. Eslick...........................                       72
    Jere Cooper................................                    72-85
    Howard H. Baker............................                    83-88
    James B. Frazier, Jr.......................                    85-87
    Ross Bass..................................                       88
    Richard H. Fulton..........................                    89-94
    John J. Duncan.............................                   92-100
    Harold E. Ford.............................                   94-104
    Don Sundquist..............................                  101-103
    John S. Tanner.............................                  105-111
    Diane Black................................                     112-
Texas:
    John Hancock...............................                       44
    Roger Q. Mills.............................                46, 48-51
    Joseph W. Bailey...........................                       55
    Samuel B. Cooper...........................                    56-58
    Choice B. Randell..........................                    60-62
    John N. Gardner............................                    63-71
    Morgan G. Sanders..........................                    72-75
    Milton H. West.............................                    76-80
    Jesse M. Combs.............................                    81-82
    Frank N. Ikard.............................                    84-87
    Bruce Alger................................                    86-88
    Clark W. Thompson..........................                    87-89
    George H. W. Bush..........................                    90-91
    Omar T. Burleson...........................                    90-95
    Bill Archer................................                   93-106
    J.J. Pickle................................                   94-103
    Kent R. Hance..............................                    97-98
    Michael A. Andrews.........................                   99-103
    Sam Johnson................................                     104-
    Greg Laughlin..............................                  xiii104
    Lloyd Doggett..............................                     104-
    Kevin Brady................................                     107-
    Max Sandlin................................                      108
    Kenny Marchant.............................                  xiv112-
Utah:
    Walter K. Granger..........................                       82
Vermont:
    Daniel Buck................................                        4
    Israel Smith...............................                   3-4, 7
    Lewis R. Morris............................                        5
    James Fisk.................................                   10, 12
    Horace Everett.............................                       25
    Justin S. Morrill..........................                    35-39
Virginia:
    James Madison..............................                   1, 3-4
    William B. Giles...........................                        5
    Richard Brent..............................                        5
    Walter Jones...............................                        5
    Leven Powell...............................                        6
    John Nicholas..............................                        6
    John Randolph..............................                  7-9, 20
    James M. Garnett...........................                        9
    John W. Eppes..............................                10-11, 13
    William A. Burwell.........................                12, 14-16
    James Pleasants............................                    12-13
    John Tyler.................................                       16
    Andrew Stevenson...........................                    17-19
    Alexander Smyth............................                    20-21
    Philip P. Barbour..........................                       21
    Mark Alexander.............................                    21-22
    George Loyall..............................                    23-24
    John W. Jones..............................                    25-27
    John M. Botts..............................                       27
    Thomas W. Gilmore..........................                       27
    Thomas H. Bayly............................                   28, 31
    George C. Dromgoole........................                    28-29
    James McDowell.............................                       30
    John Letcher...............................                    34-35
    John S. Millson............................                       36
    John R. Tucker.............................                    44-47
    Claude A. Swanson..........................                    55-58
    A. Willis Robertson........................                    75-79
    Burr P. Harrison...........................                82, 84-87
    W. Pat Jennings............................                    88-89
    Joel T. Broyhill...........................                    88-93
    Joseph L. Fisher...........................                    94-96
    L.F. Payne.................................                  103-104
    Eric Cantor................................                  108-111
Washington:
    Francis W. Cushman.........................                       61
    Lindley H. Hadley..........................                    66-72
    Samuel B. Hill.............................                    71-74
    Knute Hill.................................                       77
    Otis H. Holmes.............................                    80-85
    Rodney D. Chandler.........................                  100-102
    Jim McDermott..............................                     102-
    Jennifer Dunn..............................                  104-108
    Dave Reichert..............................                     110-
West Virginia:
    William L. Wilson..........................                50, 52-53
    Joseph H. Gaines...........................                    60-61
    George M. Bowers...........................                    66-67
    Hubert S. Ellis............................                       80
------------------------------------------------------------------------
i    Reelected to the 109th Congress; died January 1, 2005.
ii   Appointed May 5, 2005.
iii  Resigned September 29, 2006.
iv   Resigned July 31, 2012.
v    Pursuant to H.Res. 872, removed June 16, 2006.
vi   Appointed January 25, 1996.
vii  Appointed to Senate April 27, 2011.
viii Appointed January 25, 1996.
ix   Resigned February 9, 2011.
x    Appointed June 13, 2011.
xi   Resigned April 29, 2005.
xii  Died, August 20, 2008.
xiii Appointed July 10, 1995.
xiv  Appointed March 15, 2011.

                                  
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