    [House Report 111-343]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

    111th Congress                                                   Report
                            HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
     1st Session                                                    111-343

    ======================================================================

                          HIGH EFFICIENCY GAS TURBINES

                                    _______

    December 1, 2009.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the

                  State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                    _______

    Mr. Gordon of Tennessee, from the Committee on Science and Technology,
                            submitted the following

                                  R E P O R T

                            [To accompany H.R. 3029]

          [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

      The Committee on Science and Technology, to whom was referred
    the bill (H.R. 3029) to establish a research, development, and
    technology demonstration program to improve the efficiency of
    gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation systems,
    having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an
    amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass.

                                    CONTENTS

                                                                       Page
       I. Amendment.......................................................2
      II. Purpose of the Bill.............................................2
     III. Background and Need for the Legislation.........................3
      IV. Committee Actions...............................................4
       V. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill, As Reported............4
      VI. Section-by-Section Analysis, As Reported........................5
     VII. Committee Views.................................................6
    VIII. Cost Estimate...................................................6
      IX. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate.......................6
       X. Compliance with Public Law 104-4................................8
      XI. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations................8
     XII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives...........8
    XIII. Constitutional Authority Statement..............................8
     XIV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement............................8
      XV. Congressional Accountability Act................................8
     XVI. Earmark Identification..........................................8
    XVII. Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law..........8
    XVIII.Committee Recommendations.......................................8

     XIX. Proceedings of the Subcommittee Markup..........................9
      XX. Proceedings of the Full Committee Markup.......................20

                                  I. AMENDMENT

        The amendment is as follows:
        Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the
    following:

                    SECTION 1. HIGH EFFICIENCY GAS TURBINES.

      (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall carry out a multiyear,
    multiphase program of research, development, and technology
    demonstration to improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in
    combined cycle power generation systems and to identify the
    technologies that ultimately will lead to gas turbine combined cycle
    efficiency of 65 percent.
      (b) Program Elements.--The program under this section shall--
              (1) support first-of-a-kind engineering and detailed gas
            turbine design for megawatt-scale and utility-scale electric
            power generation, including--
                      (A) high temperature materials, including
                    superalloys, coatings, and ceramics;
                      (B) improved heat transfer capability;
                      (C) manufacturing technology required to construct
                    complex three-dimensional geometry parts with improved
                    aerodynamic capability;
                      (D) combustion technology to produce higher firing
                    temperature while lowering nitrogen oxide and carbon
                    monoxide emissions per unit of output;
                      (E) advanced controls and systems integration;
                      (F) advanced high performance compressor technology;
                    and
                      (G) validation facilities for the testing of
                    components and subsystems;
              (2) include technology demonstration through component
            testing, subscale testing, and full scale testing in existing
            fleets;
              (3) include field demonstrations of the developed technology
            elements so as to demonstrate technical and economic
            feasibility; and
              (4) assess overall combined cycle system performance.
      (c) Program Goals.--The goals of the multiphase program established
    under subsection (a) shall be--
              (1) in phase I--
                      (A) to develop the conceptual design of advanced high
                    efficiency gas turbines that can achieve at least 62
                    percent combined cycle efficiency on a lower heating
                    value basis; and
                      (B) to develop and demonstrate the technology
                    required for advanced high efficiency gas turbines that
                    can achieve at least 62 percent combined cycle
                    efficiency on a lower heating value basis; and
              (2) in phase II, to develop the conceptual design for
            advanced high efficiency gas turbines that can achieve at least
            65 percent combined cycle efficiency on a lower heating value
            basis.
      (d) Proposals.--Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this
    Act, the Secretary shall solicit grant and contract proposals from
    industry, universities, and other appropriate parties for conducting
    activities under this Act. In selecting proposals, the Secretary shall
    emphasize--
              (1) the extent to which the proposal will stimulate the
            creation or increased retention of jobs in the United States;
            and
              (2) the extent to which the proposal will promote and enhance
            United States technology leadership.
      (e) Competitive Awards.--The provision of funding under this section
    shall be on a competitive basis with an emphasis on technical merit.
      (f) Cost Sharing.--Section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42
    U.S.C. 16352) shall apply to an award of financial assistance made
    under this section.
      (g) Limits on Participation.--The limits on participation applicable
    under section 999E of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16375)
    shall apply to financial assistance awarded under this section.
      (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out this section $65,000,000
    for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2014.

                            II. PURPOSE OF THE BILL

        The purpose of H.R. 3029 is to establish a research,
    development, and technology demonstration program to improve
    the efficiency of gas turbines used in power generation
    systems.

                  III. BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE LEGISLATION

        Natural gas is playing an increasingly important role in
    the nation's electric generation portfolio. Gas-fired plants
    now comprise about 20% of the total electric generation
    portfolio in the U.S. after falling from 24% in 1970 to 12% in
    1985. The majority of electric generation capacity additions in
    the last decade have been gas-fired. For example, the Energy
    Information Administration (EIA) reported that, in 2000, of the
    23,453 megawatts of total new electric capacity added in the
    U.S. almost 95 percent, or 22,238 MW were natural gas-fired
    additions. In 2009 it is estimated that over 50 percent of
    additions will be gas-fired. Given the likelihood of tightening
    environmental regulations on power plants and the recent
    confirmation of sizeable new domestic natural gas resources,
    the EIA estimates that natural gas-fired electricity generation
    will increase dramatically over the next 20 years.
        The use of natural gas for electricity production has a
    number of benefits. Like coal, most natural gas used in the
    United States is domestically produced and estimates of
    domestic reserves are increasing. However, natural gas is
    generally cleaner than other fossil fuels, with significantly
    lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen
    oxides (NOX), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and
    other pollutants and particulates. Furthermore, natural gas-
    fired plants can be constructed and commissioned in relatively
    short periods of time and require comparatively lower levels of
    capital investment than other large centralized electric
    generation facilities. Gas plants also have high operating
    flexibility, including the ability to power up and down in
    short periods of time.
        Natural gas is used to generate electricity in a variety of
    ways. The first is through a steam generation unit, where
    natural gas is burned in a boiler to heat water and produce
    steam. The steam is then used to turn a turbine to generate
    electricity. The second is through gas turbines where, instead
    of heating steam to turn a turbine, natural gas is mixed with
    air and ignited, which increases the temperature, velocity and
    volume of the gas flow. The hot gas is then used to turn the
    turbine directly, and generate electricity. The final way is
    through combined-cycle units that utilize both a gas turbine
    and a steam unit. The gas turbine operates in much the same way
    as a normal gas turbine, using the hot gases released from
    burning natural gas to turn a turbine and generate electricity.
    However, in combined-cycle plants, the waste heat from the gas
    turbine process is used to generate steam, which is then used
    to generate electricity much like a steam unit, resulting in
    significantly higher efficiency than simple steam generation or
    gas turbine cycles alone.
        Efficiency enhancements for both combined cycle and simple
    cycle gas turbine units could result in significantly reduced
    natural gas usage and emissions. For example, General Electric
    estimates that a one-percentage point improvement in efficiency
    applied to its existing F Class fleet would result in
    CO2 emission reductions of 4.4 million tons per
    year, while also providing savings of more than a billion
    dollars per year in fuel costs.
        In 1992, the Department of Energy, through the Office of
    Fossil Energy and the Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable
    Energy, developed the Advanced Turbine Systems Program to
    address a temperature barrier that, for all practical purposes,
    capped efficiencies for turbine-based power generating systems.
    Above 2300 degree F, conventional cooling technologies were
    insufficient to protect the turbine blades and other internal
    components from heat degradation. Because higher temperatures
    generally correlate with higher efficiencies (ie. faster
    turbine speeds), this effectively limited the generating
    efficiency at which a turbine power plant could convert the
    energy in the fuel into electricity.
        Nine years after the development of the Advanced Turbine
    Systems Program, the Department of Energy and its private
    partners produced ``breakthrough'' turbine systems that pushed
    firing temperatures to 2,600 degrees F and permitted combined
    cycle efficiencies that surpassed 60%. Among the innovations
    that emerged from the Department's Advanced Turbine Systems
    program were single-crystal turbine blades and thermal barrier
    coatings (TBC) that could withstand the high inlet
    temperatures, along with new firing techniques to stabilize
    combustion and minimize nitrogen oxide formation.

                             IV. COMMITTEE ACTIONS

        H.R. 3029 was introduced on June 24, 2009 by Representative
    Paul Tonko.
        On July 21, 2009 the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
    met to consider H.R. 3029. No amendments were offered. The bill
    was favorably reported by voice vote to the Full Committee.
        On July 29, 2009 the Full Committee met to consider H.R.
    3029. The following three amendments were offered:
        1. An amendment by Mr. Bilbray specifying that the program
    support first-of-a-kind engineering and detailed gas turbine
    design for ``megawatt-scale'' electric power generation, in
    addition to utility-scale electric power generation. The
    amendment was adopted by voice vote.
        2. An amendment by Mr. Bilbray requiring that funding under
    the bill be provided on a competitive basis with an emphasis on
    technical merit. The amendment was adopted by voice vote.
        3. An amendment by Ms. Kosmas requiring the Secretary to
    solicit grant and contract proposals from ``industry,
    universities, and other appropriate parties'' for activities
    under the bill. The amendment was adopted by voice vote.
        The bill, as amended, was favorably reported by voice vote
    to the House.

            V. SUMMARY OF MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE BILL, AS REPORTED

        H.R. 3029 requires the Secretary of Energy to carry out a
    multiyear, multiphase program of research, development, and
    technology demonstration to improve the efficiency of gas
    turbines used in power generation systems and to identify the
    technologies that will ultimately lead to gas turbine combined
    cycle efficiency of 65 percent.
        The bill requires that the program support engineering and
    gas turbine design for utility-scale and megawatt-scale
    electric power generation. Under the bill, this includes high
    temperature materials, improved heat transfer capability,
    manufacturing technology, combustion technology, advanced
    controls and systems integration, advanced high performance
    compressor technology, and validation facilities for the
    testing of components and subsystems. It also requires that the
    program include technology and field demonstrations, and assess
    overall combined cycle system performance.
        H.R. 3029 sets out specific program goals. In Phase I, the
    goal is to develop the conceptual design of and demonstrate the
    technology required for advanced high efficiency gas turbines
    that can achieve at least 62 percent combined cycle efficiency
    on a lower heating value basis. In Phase II, the goal is to
    develop the conceptual design for advanced high efficiency gas
    turbines that can achieve at least 65 percent combined cycle
    efficiency.
        The bill requires that the Secretary solicit proposals from
    industry, universities, and other appropriate parties for
    activities under the program within 180 days of enactment. The
    bill requires the Secretary, in selecting proposals, to
    emphasize the extent to which the proposal will stimulate the
    creation or increased retention of jobs in the United States
    and the extent to which the proposal will promote and enhance
    United States technology leadership. Awards shall be made on a
    competitive basis with emphasis on technical merit.
        H.R. 3029 authorizes $65 million for each of fiscal years
    2011 through 2014 for carrying out the program.

                  VI. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS, AS REPORTED

    Section 1. High efficiency gas turbines

        (a) Instructs the Secretary of Energy to carry out a
    program of research, development, and technology demonstration
    to improve the efficiency of gas turbines and to identify the
    technologies with the potential to improve efficiency of 65%.
        (b) Outlines the program elements to include engineering
    and design activities for both megawatt and utility-scale
    turbines in high temperature materials, heat transfer,
    manufacturing technology, combustion technology, controls and
    systems integration, compressor technology, and validation
    facilities. Calls for technology demonstrations on multiple
    scales, field demonstrations, and overall performance
    assessments.
        (c) States the goals of the program to be, in Phase I, the
    design, development and demonstration of gas turbine
    technologies with efficiency of at least 62%; and in Phase II,
    design of gas turbine technologies with efficiency of at least
    65%.
        (d) Instructs the Secretary to solicit proposals from
    universities, industry and other appropriate parties, and calls
    for applicants to emphasize the extent to which proposals will
    stimulate job creation or retention in the U.S., and promote
    U.S. technological leadership.
        (e) Specifies that funding shall be on a competitive basis
    with emphasis on technical merit.
        (f) Specifies that cost-sharing requirements will be in
    accordance with Section 988 of Energy Policy Act of 2005.
        (g) Limits participation to companies that are U.S.-owned,
    or owned by a parent entity organized under the laws of a
    country that affords the U.S. similar rights.
        (h) Authorizes $65 million per year for the fiscal years
    2011 through 2014.

                              VII. COMMITTEE VIEWS

        It is the Committee's view that natural gas will likely
    account for an increasing percentage of the nation's electric
    generation, and that advances to make natural gas-fired power
    plants more efficient will result in an overall cleaner, more
    secure energy portfolio in the U.S. The efficiency goals stated
    in the bill represent very significant improvements in turbine
    efficiency, while likely being technologically achievable with
    more research and development.
        The Department of Energy has engaged in various activities
    to increase the efficiency of natural gas turbines in the past,
    with promising results. However, current federal efforts are
    not sufficient to advance the state of the technology far
    beyond what is currently available, and many stakeholders in
    the turbine industry are not likely to undertake the necessary
    activities on their own. Therefore, a more robust and focused
    Department of Energy effort is needed to improve efficiencies
    of the nation's natural gas-fired power plants. Furthermore, it
    is the committee's view that DOE-sponsored research and
    development activities in gas turbines should result in
    technological advancements that can be quickly deployed in new
    turbine systems and, if possible, retrofitted onto existing
    fleets of turbines.
        While very sizable efficiency gains can be made in large,
    utility-scale combined cycle systems, a comprehensive federal
    program should seek advances in multiple scales of systems, and
    in both combined and simple cycle. Furthermore, the program
    should take into account the diversity of stakeholders and the
    role of small businesses in driving innovation in the turbine
    industry. In that regard, the Secretary should carefully
    consider how to leverage the resources of a range of turbine
    manufacturers.

                              VIII. COST ESTIMATE

        A cost estimate and comparison prepared by the Director of
    the Congressional Budget Office under section 402 of the
    Congressional Budget Act of 1974 has been timely submitted to
    the Committee on Science and Technology prior to the filing of
    this report and is included in Section IX of this report
    pursuant to House Rule XIII, clause 3(c)(3).
        H.R. 3029 does not contain new budget authority, credit
    authority, or changes in revenues or tax expenditures. Assuming
    that the sums authorized under the bill are appropriated, H.R.
    3029 does authorize additional discretionary spending, as
    described in the Congressional Budget Office report on the
    bill, which is contained in Section IX of this report.

                 IX. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE

                                                       August 19, 2009.
    Hon. Bart Gordon,
    Chairman, Committee on Science and Technology,
    House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
        Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has
    prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 3029, a bill to
    establish a research, development, and technology demonstration
    program to improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in
    combined cycle power generation systems.
        If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
    pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Jeff LaFave.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Douglas W. Elmendorf.
        Enclosure.

    H.R. 3029--A bill to establish a research, development, and technology
            demonstration program to improve the efficiency of gas turbines
            used in combined cycle power generation systems

        Summary: H.R. 3029 would authorize the appropriation of
    $260 million over the 2011-2014 period for the Department of
    Energy (DOE) to improve the efficiency of turbines that use
    natural gas to generate electricity. Assuming appropriation of
    the authorized amounts, CBO estimates that implementing the
    legislation would cost $221 million over the 2010-2014 period
    and $39 million after 2014. Enacting the legislation would not
    affect direct spending or revenues.
        H.R. 3029 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector
    mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    and would impose no costs on State, local, or tribal
    governments.
        Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated
    budgetary impact of H.R. 3029 is shown in the following table.
    The costs of this legislation fall within budget function 250
    (general science, space, and technology).

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        By fiscal year, in millions of dollars--
                                                                  --------------------------------------------------
                                                                    2010    2011    2012    2013    2014   2010-2014
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      CHANGES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION
    Authorization Level..........................................       0      65      65      65      65       260
    Estimated Outlays............................................       0      36      55      65      65       221
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Basis of estimate: For this estimate, CBO assumes the bill
    will be enacted near the end of fiscal year 2009 and that the
    authorized amounts will be appropriated each year. Estimated
    outlays are based on historical spending patterns for DOE
    research programs.
        H.R. 3029 would authorize the appropriation of $65 million
    a year over the 2011-2014 period for research, development, and
    demonstration activities related to gas turbines. The bill
    would direct DOE to establish a research and development
    program to improve the efficiency of turbines that use natural
    gas to generate electricity. The bill also would require DOE to
    demonstrate the feasibility of implementing new gas turbine
    technologies.
        Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: H.R. 3029
    contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as
    defined in UMRA and would impose no costs on State, local, or
    tribal governments.
        Estimate prepared by: Federal costs: Jeff LaFave; Impact on
    State, local, and tribal governments: Ryan Miller; Impact on
    the private sector: Amy Petz.
        Estimate approved by: Theresa Gullo, Deputy Assistant
    Director for Budget Analysis.

                      X. COMPLIANCE WITH PUBLIC LAW 104-4

        H.R. 3029 contains no unfunded mandates.

              XI. COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

        The Committee on Science and Technology's oversight
    findings and recommendations are reflected in the body of this
    report.

           XII. STATEMENT ON GENERAL PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

        Pursuant to clause 3(c) of House rule XIII, the goal of
    H.R. 3029 is to establish a research, development, and
    technology demonstration program to improve the efficiency of
    gas turbines used in power generation systems.

                    XIII. CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY STATEMENT

        Article I, section 8 of the Constitution of the United
    States grants Congress the authority to enact H.R. 3029.

                   XIV. FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE STATEMENT

        H.R. 3029 does not create any advisory committees.

                      XV. CONGRESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY ACT

        The Committee finds that H.R. 3029 does not relate to the
    terms and conditions of employment or access to public services
    or accommodations within the meaning of section 102(b)(3) of
    the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 104-1).

                          XVI. EARMARK IDENTIFICATION

        H.R. 3029 does not contain any congressional earmarks,
    limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in
    House rule XII, clause 9.

          XVII. STATEMENT ON PREEMPTION OF STATE, LOCAL, OR TRIBAL LAW

        The bill is not intended to preempt any State, local, or
    tribal law.

                        XVIII. COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS

        On July 29, 2009, the Committee on Science and Technology
    favorably reported H.R. 3029, as amended, by voice vote, and
    recommended its enactment.

       XIX: PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARKUP BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND
      ENVIRONMENT ON H.R. 3029, TO ESTABLISH A RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
       TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF GAS
            TURBINES USED IN COMBINED CYCLE POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS

                                  ----------

                             TUESDAY, JULY 21, 2009

                      House of Representatives,
                Subcommittee on Energy and Environment,
                                          Committee on Science,
                                                        Washington, DC.

        The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2:03 p.m., in
    Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Brian
    Baird [Chair of the Subcommittee] presiding.
        Chair Baird. The Subcommittee will now come to order.
    Pursuant to notice the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
    meets to consider the following measures: H.R. 3246, the
    Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009, H.R. 3165, the Wind
    Energy Research and Development Act of 2009, H.R. 3029, To
    establish a research, development, and technology demonstration
    program to improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in
    combined cycle power generation systems, and H.R. 3247, To
    establish a social and behavioral sciences research program at
    the Department of Energy, and for other purposes.
        As I just mentioned, this afternoon our committee is
    considering those four bills. I will go into a bit more detail
    now.
        H.R. 3246 is authored by Representative Peters and co-
    sponsored by Representative Biggert of our subcommittee. This
    legislation authorizes research and development on different
    classes of vehicles with the goal of reducing or eliminating
    petroleum fuel use and their associated emissions.
        H.R. 3165, the Wind Energy Research and Development Act of
    2009, is offered by our colleague, Mr. Tonko. This legislation
    authorizes several areas of research identified in a recent
    report outlining the needs for expanding the use of wind-
    powered electricity generation.
        H.R. 3029 is also offered by the now prolific Mr. Tonko.
    This bill establishes an R&D program to improve the efficiency
    of gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation
    systems. Today 15 percent of electric power is produced from
    natural gas. This percentage is predicted to double over the
    next decade. The investment cost for new power plants are very
    high, and once built they operate for many decades. It is vital
    we build them to be as efficient as possible from the outset,
    and this legislation will help achieve that goal.
        Finally, we will mark up H.R. 3247, a bill I introduced to
    authorize a social and behavioral research program at the
    Department of Energy. Technology development and investment are
    only part of the solution to our energy problem. The decisions
    each of us make every day have a significant impact on energy
    production and consumption. It is important that we understand
    why some technologies are more readily embraced than others,
    and it is important that we know how to communicate effectively
    about the nature of our energy challenge and know how to
    empower individual citizens to participate in overcoming those
    challenges.
        The four bills we will consider today address important
    energy technology needs and the need for more research on the
    human factors that determine their acceptance and success. I
    look forward to a productive markup. Thank you all for your
    attendance and participation this afternoon.
        I now recognize Mr. Inglis to present opening remarks.
        [The prepared statement of Chair Baird follows:]

                    Prepared Statement of Chair Brian Baird

        This afternoon the Subcommittee will consider four bills.
        H.R. 3246, the Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009 is authored
    by Rep. Peters and co-sponsored by Rep. Biggert of our subcommittee.
    This legislation authorizes research and development on different
    classes of vehicles with a goal of reducing or eliminating petroleum
    fuel use and their associated emissions.
        H.R. 3165, the Wind Energy Research and Development Act of 2009 is
    authored by our colleague, Mr. Tonko. This legislation authorizes
    several areas of research identified in a recent report outlining the
    needs for expanding the use of wind powered electricity generation.
        H.R. 3029, is also authored by Rep. Tonko. This bill establishes an
    R&D program to improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in combined
    cycle power generation systems. Today, 15 percent of our electric power
    is produced from natural gas. This percentage is predicted to double
    over the next decade. The investment costs for new power plants are
    very high and, once built they operate for many decades. It is vital
    that we build them to be as efficient as possible from the outset.
        Finally, we will be marking up H.R. 3247. I introduced H.R. 3247
    last week to authorize a social and behavioral research program at the
    Department of Energy. Technology development and investment are only
    part of the solution to our energy problem. The decisions each of us
    make every day have a significant impact on energy production and
    consumption. It is important that we understand why some technologies
    are more readily embraced than others. And it is important that we know
    how to communicate effectively about the nature of our energy
    challenges and know how to empower individual citizens to participate
    in overcoming them.
        The four bills we will consider today address important energy
    technology needs and the need for more research on the human factors
    that determine their acceptance and success.
        I look forward to a productive markup. Thank you all for your
    attendance and participation this afternoon.

        Mr. Inglis. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and I am looking forward
    to discussing and improving the four pieces of legislation
    before us today.
        The Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009 will authorize
    a vehicle technologies program at DOE. The bill realigns the
    program to approach a wide variety of critical transportation
    and technology research areas, with the goal of reducing
    petroleum use and the related emissions.
        A balanced and robust research program is necessary to
    expand our mobility options, increase our national security,
    and establish the United States as a world leader in auto and
    truck design, manufacture, and transportation fuel development.
        The second bill we will discuss today is the Wind Energy
    Research and Development Act. As the Department of Energy and
    the American Wind Energy Association have made clear, expanding
    our wind-power generating capacity will require a significant
    improvement in turbine technologies, forecasting capabilities,
    energy storage, and the transmission grid.
        Strengthening the research effort in wind energy will help
    us move away from polluting fossil fuel energy, while creating
    jobs in wind energy design, manufacturing, and operation.
        H.R. 3029 will implement a short-term research,
    development, and demonstration project at DOE to push gas
    turbine combine cycle generating power generation systems to 65
    percent efficiency. Natural gas is a clean-burning fuel
    produced right here in the United States and is the fastest
    growing source of new electricity capacity. Increasing turbine
    efficiency will reduce fuel usage and corresponding emissions,
    optimize our use of this limited resource, and lower
    electricity costs.
        Finally, H.R. 3247 establishes a social and behavioral
    sciences research program at the Department of Energy. This
    research is intended to help us better understand the way
    individual decisions impact energy markets and energy
    technology development.
        I am aware of the National Science Foundation's work in
    this area. I understand the Chair's desire to see this work
    become an emphasis of DOE. I look forward to hearing how that
    cross-pollenization may work, and I will have some questions
    about how it would work.
        Thank you again for the opportunity to work with you on
    this legislation, Mr. Chair.
        [The prepared statement of Mr. Inglis follows:]

                Prepared Statement of Representative Bob Inglis

        Good morning and thank you for holding this markup, Mr. Chairman.
    I'm looking forward to discussing and improving the four pieces of
    legislation before us today.
        The Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009 will reauthorize the
    Vehicle Technologies Program at DOE. The bill realigns the program to
    approach a wide variety of critical transportation technology research
    areas with the goal of reducing petroleum use and the related
    emissions. A balanced and robust research program is necessary to
    expand our mobility options, increase our national security, and
    establish the United States as a world leader in auto and truck design
    and manufacturing and transportation fuel development.
        The second bill we'll address today, is the Wind Energy Research
    and Development Act. As the Department of Energy and the American Wind
    Energy Association have made clear, expanding our wind power generating
    capacity will require significant improvement in turbine technologies,
    forecasting capabilities, energy storage, and the transmission grid.
    Strengthening the research effort in wind energy will help us move away
    from polluting fossil fuel energy while creating jobs in wind energy
    design, manufacturing, and operation.
        H.R. 3029 will implement a short-term research, development, and
    demonstration program at DOE to push gas turbine combined cycle
    generating systems to 65 percent efficiency. Natural gas is a clean
    burning fuel produced right here in the United States and is the
    fastest growing source of new electricity capacity. Increasing turbine
    efficiency will reduce fuel usage and corresponding emissions, optimize
    our use of this limited resource, and lower electricity costs.
        Finally, H.R. 3247 establishes a social and behavioral sciences
    research program at the Department of Energy. This research is intended
    to help us better understand the way individual decisions impact energy
    markets and energy technology development. I'm aware of the National
    Science Foundation's work in this area, and I understand the Chairman's
    desire to see this work become an emphasis at the DOE. I look forward
    to hearing how that cross-pollination might work.
        Thank you again for the opportunity to work with you on this
    legislation, Mr. Chairman.

        Chair Baird. Thank you, Mr. Inglis. Members may place
    statements in the record at this point.
        We will now consider H.R. 3029, To establish a research,
    development, and technology demonstration program to improve
    the efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle power
    generation systems. Again, Mr. Tonko is at a markup
    regrettably, but we have had a very successful hearing on these
    kinds of issues, and I applaud him for his leadership on this
    legislation.
        Clearly if we can improve the efficiency of gas turbines,
    we can save a great deal of energy and reduce our ocean
    acidification and global warming gases.
        I would now recognize Mr. Inglis to present any remarks on
    the bill.
        Mr. Inglis. Thank you, Mr. Chair. This bill creates a
    competitive program with the aim of identifying and achieving
    the significant technological and materials breakthroughs that
    are necessary to boost gas turbine combined cycle efficiency.
    Higher gas turbine efficiency will help us get the most out of
    our domestic natural gas resources, generate jobs in
    engineering and turbine design, and leverage U.S. technological
    expertise to keep us competitive in the global market.
        I am happy to be a co-sponsor of this important
    legislation, and I yield back, Mr. Chair.
        [The prepared statement of Mr. Inglis follows:]

                Prepared Statement of Representative Bob Inglis

        This bill creates a competitive program with the aim of identifying
    and achieving the significant technological and materials breakthroughs
    necessary to boost gas turbine combined cycle efficiency. Higher gas
    turbine efficiency will help us get the most out of our domestic
    natural gas resources, generate jobs in engineering and turbine design,
    and leverage U.S. technological expertise to keep us competitive in the
    global market. I'm happy to be a co-sponsor of this important
    legislation.

        Chair Baird. I thank the gentleman from South Carolina.
        [The prepared statement of Mr. Tonko follows:]

               Prepared Statement of Representative Paul D. Tonko

        Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        Mr. Chairman, my bill, H.R. 3029, would establish a research,
    development, and technology demonstration program to improve the
    efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation
    systems. This legislation is vital if our country is once again going
    to be an energy technology leader in the world. Currently, the United
    States uses natural gas for nearly 20 percent of its power generation.
    The most advanced gas turbines based systems at this time are capable
    of reaching 60 percent efficiency.
        The goal of this bill is for those same turbines to achieve 65
    percent combined cycle efficiency. If this five percent increase of
    efficiency is achieved, we will see numerous benefits as a country.
        First, a one percentage-point improvement in efficiency would
    result in CO2 emissions reductions of 4.4 million tons per
    year and substantial reductions in other emissions such as NOX and SOX.
    The technologies developed for this new program can be an essential
    part of our response to climate change, both in this country and around
    the world.
        Secondly, the energy and fuel savings created by more efficient
    turbines will help rate payers save more than a billion dollars per
    year in fuel costs. Deployment of a 65 percent efficient gas turbine
    throughout the country would result in significant reductions in fuel
    use, leading to savings in electricity costs of $180 billion through
    the year 2040.
        Third, this bill promotes U.S. technology leadership, putting the
    U.S. in a position to assume a greater share of the worldwide energy
    market by creating and retaining high value domestic jobs in turbine
    manufacturing.
        Finally, I would like to thank Ranking Member Inglis for co-
    sponsoring this legislation.
        Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time.

        Chair Baird. Does anyone else wish to be recognized?
        If not, I ask unanimous consent that the bill is considered
    as read and open to amendment at any point. Without objection,
    so ordered.
        Are there any amendments that anyone wishes to offer to
    this legislation?
        If no, the vote is on the bill, H.R. 3029. All those in
    favor say aye. All those opposed will say no. In the opinion of
    the Chair the ayes have it.
        I recognize myself to offer a motion. I move the
    Subcommittee favorably report H.R. 3029 to the Full Committee.
    Furthermore, I move the staff be instructed to prepare the
    Subcommittee report and make necessary technical and conforming
    changes to the bill in accordance with the recommendations of
    the Subcommittee.
        The question is on the motion to report the bill favorably.
    Those in favor of the motion will signify by saying aye.
    Opposed, no. The ayes have it, and the bill is favorably
    reported.
        Without objection the motion to reconsider is laid upon the
    table. Members will have two subsequent calendar days in which
    to submit supplemental Minority or additional views on the
    measure.
        I want to thank Members for their attendance, staff for all
    their good work. This concludes our Subcommittee markup.
        [Whereupon, at 2:41 p.m., the Subcommittee was adjourned.]

                                    Appendix

                                  ----------

                     H.R. 3029, Section-by-Section Analysis

                         Section-by-Section Analysis of
              H.R. 3029, To establish a research, development, and
                technology demonstration program to improve the
                  efficiency of gas turbines used in combined
                         cycle power generation systems

    SECTION 1. HIGH EFFICIENCY GAS TURBINES

        (a) Instructs the Secretary of Energy to carry out a program of
    technology research, development, and demonstration to improve the
    efficiency of gas turbines and to identify the technologies with the
    potential to improve efficiency of 65 percent.
        (b) Outlines the program elements to include engineering and design
    activities in high temperature materials, heat transfer, manufacturing
    technology, combustion technology, controls and systems integration,
    compressor technology, and validation facilities. Calls for technology
    demonstrations on multiple scales, field demonstrations, and overall
    performance assessments.
        (c) States the goals of the program to be, in Phase I, the design,
    development and demonstration of gas turbine technologies with
    efficiency of at least 62 percent; and in Phase II, design of gas
    turbine technologies with efficiency of at least 65 percent.
        (d) Calls for applicants to emphasize the extent to which proposals
    will stimulate job creation or job retention in the U.S., and promote
    U.S. technological leadership.
        (e) Specifies that cost-sharing requirements will be in accordance
    with Section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
        (f) Limits participation to firms that are U.S.-owned, or owned by
    a parent entity organized under the laws of a country that affords
    U.S.-owned firms similar rights.
        (g) Authorizes $65 million per year for the fiscal years 2011
    through 2014.

    XX: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FULL COMMITTEE MARKUP ON H.R. 3029, TO ESTABLISH
    A RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM TO IMPROVE
    THE EFFICIENCY OF GAS TURBINES USED IN COMBINED CYCLE POWER GENERATION
                                    SYSTEMS

                                  ----------

                            WEDNESDAY, JULY 29, 2009

                      House of Representatives,
                                          Committee on Science,
                                                        Washington, DC.

        The Committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:00 a.m., in Room
    2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Bart Gordon
    [Chair of the Committee] presiding.
        Chair Gordon. Good morning. The Committee will come to
    order.
        Pursuant to notice, the Committee on Science and Technology
    meets to consider the following measures: H.R. 3246, the
    Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009; H.R. 3165, the Wind
    Energy Research and Development Act of 2009; H.R. 3029, To
    establish a research, development and technology demonstration
    program to improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in
    combined cycle power generation systems, and H.R. 3247, To
    establish a social and behavioral science research program at
    the Department of Energy, and for other purposes. We will now
    proceed with the markup.
        This morning the Committee will consider four bills. H.R.
    3246, the Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009, is authored
    by our colleague, Mr. Peters, and co-sponsored by
    Representative Biggert. I think we have a Michigan theme going
    here. H.R. 3246 authorizes research and development on vehicles
    with a goal of reducing or eliminating petroleum fuel base and
    its associated emissions.
        We will also consider H.R. 3165, the Wind Energy Research
    and Development Act of 2009, and H.R. 3029, a bill to authorize
    R&D and to improve the efficiency of gas turbines, both of
    these bills authored by Mr. Tonko. H.R. 3165 authorizes R&D on
    wind power. The specific areas of R&D were identified in a
    recent report by the Department of Energy and the American Wind
    Energy Association describing the areas of improvements needed
    if we are to expand wind power electricity generation.
        Currently, 15 percent of our electric power is produced
    from natural gas. Over the next decade, this percentage is
    predicted to double. The research and development authorized in
    H.R. 3029 is intended to improve the efficiency of turbines
    used in these combined cycle power generation systems.
        Finally, we will be marking up H.R. 3247, a bill to
    establish a social and behavioral research program at the
    Department of Energy. H.R. 3247 was introduced by Dr. Baird,
    who has been a champion of these areas of research throughout
    his service on the Committee. It is important to understand why
    some technologies are more readily adopted than others, and it
    is important that we communicate to the public clearly about
    the challenges and opportunities of becoming a more energy-
    efficient society. H.R. 3247 will help us to accomplish these
    important goals.
        I now recognize Mr. Hall to present his remarks.
        [The prepared statement of Chair Gordon follows:]

                    Prepared Statement of Chair Bart Gordon

        This morning the Committee will consider four bills. H.R. 3246, the
    Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009, is authored by our colleague,
    Mr. Peters, and co-sponsored by Representative Biggert. I think we have
    a Michigan theme going here. H.R. 3246 authorizes research and
    development on vehicles with a goal of reducing or eliminating
    petroleum fuel base and its associated emissions.
        We will also consider H.R. 3165, the Wind Energy Research and
    Development Act of 2009, and H.R. 3029, a bill to authorize R&D and to
    improve the efficiency of gas turbines, both of these bills authored by
    Mr. Tonko.
        H.R. 3165 authorizes R&D on wind power. The specific areas of R&D
    were identified in a recent report by the Department of Energy and the
    American Wind Energy Association describing the areas of improvements
    needed if we are to expand wind power electricity generation.
        Currently, 15 percent of our electric power is produced from
    natural gas. Over the next decade, this percentage is predicted to
    double. The research and development authorized in H.R. 3029 is
    intended to improve the efficiency of turbines used in these combined
    cycle power generation systems. It is vital that utilities build new
    plants to be as efficient as possible since the investment costs are
    high and plants operate for many decades once they are brought online.
        Finally, we will be marking up H.R. 3247, a bill to establish a
    social and behavioral research program at the Department of Energy.
    H.R. 3247 was introduced by Dr. Baird, who has been a champion of these
    areas of research throughout his service on the Committee. People
    determine the success or failure of new technologies. It is important
    to understand why some technologies are more readily adopted than
    others. And it is important that we communicate to the public clearly
    about the challenges and opportunities of becoming a more energy
    efficient society. H.R. 3247 will help us to accomplish these important
    goals.
        The four bills we have before us today target several important
    energy research needs. I congratulate the Members for their work on
    these bills, and I look forward to a productive markup. Thank you all
    for your attendance and participation this morning.
        I now recognize Mr. Hall to present his opening remarks.

        Mr. Hall. I thank you, Mr. Chair.
        Today we do meet to mark up these bills that you set out
    there, and H.R. 3029 is to establish a research, development
    and technology demonstration program to improve the efficiency
    of gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation
    systems, and H.R. 3247, to establish a social and behavioral
    sciences research program at the Department of Energy, and I
    will have some things to say about that one a little bit later,
    especially about the author who is a very good friend of mine
    and may need this bill. I don't know. These two boys from
    California every now and then I think they need it, even
    Sensenbrenner sometimes. We are going to have to really look at
    this. Josh himself does now and then--I mean Roscoe, but he is
    too old to be up here anyway. I better yield my time back right
    now.
        [The prepared statement of Mr. Hall follows:]

               Prepared Statement of Representative Ralph M. Hall

        Thank you Mr. Chairman. Today we meet to markup four bills. H.R.
    3246, the Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009; H.R. 3165, the Wind
    Energy Research and Development Act of 2009; H.R. 3029, To establish a
    research, development, and technology demonstration program to improve
    the efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation
    systems; and H.R. 3247, To establish a social and behavioral sciences
    research program at the Department of Energy, and for other purposes.
        I will not take up a lot of time talking about these bills in my
    opening statement but will instead make any necessary comments when
    each bill is brought up.
        I would like to thank the staff on both sides for their hard work
    in getting these bills and their amendments together and ready in such
    a short period of time.
        With that I yield back the balance of my time.

        Chair Gordon. Are you sure you don't want to say something
    about Mr. Neugebauer here before we proceed?
        Mr. Hall. He and Boone Pickens got the wind in their
    problem out in West Texas. Women complain about it blowing
    their hair.
        Chair Gordon. Yes, sir, so here we go. Members can place
    statements in the record at any point.
        [The prepared statement of Mr. Mitchell follows:]

             Prepared Statement of Representative Harry E. Mitchell

        Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        Today we will mark up four pieces of legislation: H.R. 3246, the
    Advanced Vehicle Technology Act, H.R. 3165, the Wind Energy Research
    and Development Act, H.R. 3029, legislation to establish a research,
    development, and technology demonstration program to improve the
    efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation
    systems, and H.R. 3247, legislation to establish a social and
    behavioral sciences research program at the Department of Energy.
        I am especially pleased that we are considering H.R. 3165, the Wind
    Energy Research and Development Act.
        Wind energy, like solar energy, is a clean alternative energy
    source that could not only help meet our energy needs, but it could
    also be a boon to our economy.
        According to a May 2008 report from the Department of Energy,
    current U.S. land-based and offshore wind resources are sufficient to
    supply the electrical energy needs of the U.S. several times over.
        H.R. 3165 would take important steps in advancing wind energy
    research efforts. Specifically, this bill would require the DOE to
    focus research and development on improving the energy efficiency,
    reliability, and capacity of wind turbines, optimizing the design and
    adaptability of wind energy systems, and reducing the cost of wind
    energy systems. This legislation would also establish a wind
    demonstration program.
        I urge my colleagues to support this important measure, and I yield
    back.

        Chair Gordon. We will now consider H.R. 3029, To establish
    a research, development and technology demonstration program to
    improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle
    power generation systems. I recognize the gentleman from New
    York, Mr. Tonko, to describe the bill.
        Mr. Tonko. Thank you, Mr. Chair. You just highlighted the
    core substance of H.R. 3029. This legislation is vital if our
    country is once again going to be an energy technology leader
    in the world.
        Currently, the United States uses natural gas for nearly 20
    percent of its power generation. The most advanced gas turbine-
    based systems at this time are capable of reaching 60 percent
    efficiency. The goal of this bill is for those same turbines to
    achieve 65 percent combined cycle efficiency. A one percentage
    point improvement in efficiency would result in CO2
    emissions reductions of 4.4 million tons per year and
    substantial reductions in other emissions such as NOX and SOX.
    The energy and fuel savings created by more efficient turbines
    will help rate payers save more than $1 billion per year in
    fuel costs. Deployment of a 65 percent efficient gas turbine
    throughout the country would result in significant reductions
    in fuel use, leading to savings in electricity costs of
    somewhat $180 billion through the year 2040. In addition to the
    environmental benefits, energy and fuel savings, this bill
    promotes United States technology leadership, putting the
    United States in a position to assume a greater share of the
    worldwide energy market by creating and retaining high-value
    domestic jobs in turbine manufacturing.
        I know that my colleagues, Mr. Bilbray and Ms. Kosmas, have
    amendments to the bill. I thank them for their input and again
    am supportive of their amendments.
        Mr. Chair, I yield back the balance of my time.
        [The prepared statement of Mr. Tonko follows:]

               Prepared Statement of Representative Paul D. Tonko

        Thank you, Mr. Chairman,
        Mr. Chairman, my bill, H.R. 3029, would establish a research,
    development, and technology demonstration program to improve the
    efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation
    systems. This legislation is vital if our country is once again going
    to be an energy technology leader in the world. Currently, the United
    States uses natural gas for nearly 20 percent of its power generation.
    The most advanced gas turbines based systems at this time are capable
    of reaching 60 percent efficiency. The goal of this bill is for those
    same turbines to achieve 65 percent combined cycle efficiency.
        A one percentage-point improvement in efficiency would result in
    CO2 emissions reductions of 4.4 million tons per year and
    substantial reductions in other emissions such as NOX and SOX.
        The energy and fuel savings created by more efficient turbines will
    help rate payers save more than a billion dollars per year in fuel
    costs. Deployment of a 65 percent efficient gas turbine throughout the
    country would result in significant reductions in fuel use, leading to
    savings in electricity costs of $180 billion through the year 2040.
        In addition, to the environmental benefits, energy and fuel savings
    this bill promotes U.S. technology leadership, putting the U.S. in a
    position to assume a greater share of the worldwide energy market by
    creating and retaining high value domestic jobs in turbine
    manufacturing.
        I know that my colleagues Mr. Bilbray and Ms. Kosmas have
    amendments on this bill. I thank them for their input and am supportive
    of those amendments.
        Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time.

        Chair Gordon. Thank you, Mr. Tonko.
        Mr. Hall is recognized.
        Mr. Hall. Mr. Chair, I support H.R. 3029, To establish a
    research, development and technology demonstration program to
    improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle
    power generation systems with a footnote. I will admit that at
    first I was a little apprehensive in that it seemed as though
    the bill would benefit one company, but we have been assured
    that this is not the case. My colleague, Mr. Bilbray, will also
    be offering an amendment that will expand the number of
    entities eligible to participate in the program. While I would
    have preferred a hearing to discuss the merits of this bill
    before its last-minute inclusion in the Waxman-Markey cap-and-
    trade bill and before the Subcommittee markup last week, I
    won't oppose what I consider a very worthy goal of efficiency
    enhancements to gas turbine combined cycle units, which could
    result in significantly reduced natural gas usage and CO2
    emissions.
        Again, I thank Mr. Tonko for his work on the bill. He has
    been a very busy man. With that, I yield back my time.
        [The prepared statement of Mr. Hall follows:]

               Prepared Statement of Representative Ralph M. Hall

        Mr. Chairman, I support H.R. 3029, To establish a research,
    development, and technology demonstration program to improve the
    efficiency of gas turbines used in combined cycle power generation
    systems with a footnote. I will admit that at first I was a little
    apprehensive in that it seemed as though the bill would benefit one
    company, but I have been assured that that is not the case. My
    colleague, Mr. Bilbray will also be offering an amendment that will
    expand the number of entities eligible to participate in the program.
    While I would have preferred a hearing to discuss the merits of this
    bill before its last-minute inclusion in the Waxman-Markey cap-and-
    trade bill and before the Subcommittee markup last week, I will not
    oppose what I consider a worthy goal of efficiency enhancements to gas
    turbine combined cycle units which could result in significantly
    reduced natural gas usage and CO2 emissions. Again, I thank
    Mr. Tonko for his work on this bill. You have been a very busy man.
        With that I yield back the balance of my time.

        [The prepared statement of Mr. Inglis follows:]

                Prepared Statement of Representative Bob Inglis

        This bill creates a competitive program with the aim of identifying
    and achieving the significant technological and materials breakthroughs
    necessary to boost gas turbine combined cycle efficiency. Higher gas
    turbine efficiency will help us get the most out of our domestic
    natural gas resources, generate jobs in engineering and turbine design,
    and leverage U.S. technological expertise to keep us competitive in the
    global market. I'm happy to be a co-sponsor of this important
    legislation.

        Chair Gordon. Does anyone else wish to be recognized? Then
    I ask unanimous consent that the bill is considered as read and
    open to amendment at any point and that the Members proceed
    with the amendments in order of the roster. Without objection,
    so ordered.
        The first amendment on the roster is an amendment offered
    by the gentleman from California, Mr. Bilbray. Are you ready to
    proceed with your amendment?
        Mr. Bilbray. Yes, Mr. Chair, I have an amendment at the
    desk.
        Chair Gordon. The Clerk will report the amendment.
        The Clerk. Amendment to H.R. 3029, amendment number 032,
    offered by Mr. Bilbray of California.
        Mr. Bilbray. I will ask unanimous consent that the----
        Chair Gordon. I ask unanimous consent, if that is okay, to
    dispense with the reading. Without objection, so ordered.
        I recognize the gentleman from California to explain his
    amendment.
        Mr. Bilbray. Excuse me, Mr. Chair. Once a mayor, always a
    mayor.
        First of all, for public disclosure, I want to make it
    clear that as far as I know, I own no stock in natural gas in
    any form but I do take exception to the Committee's report on
    paragraph 2 on this bill where it makes a reference to the fact
    that the use of natural gas for electrical generation produces
    generally cleaner. Let me say this. It is extremely cleaner
    than other fossil fuels, so just for the record, I want to let
    everybody know, this is a great technology from an air
    pollution point of view.
        My amendment just tries to make sure that the research does
    not pick out just large units but also recognizes that we need
    a diversity in units, especially the fact, Mr. Chair, that we
    are going to need natural gas to be able to fill the gap
    between those other zero-emission technologies that are
    available that tend to be larger and fill those gaps into where
    you can have smaller units that are much closer to the source
    of consumption, thus reducing the inefficiency of long
    transmission. This research just sort of gives the flexibility
    that we should be looking at large, medium and small and not
    restricted to one size, and with that, basically it is self-
    explanatory. This is an application that I think we are going
    to find not just in mega cities but applications in those rural
    areas that will need a clean alternative to large, centralized
    generation facilities, and this technology can produce it and
    produce it in a manner that is what we call turnkey. Basically
    gas turbine is very, very efficient for those smaller units,
    and I yield back, Mr. Chair.
        Chair Gordon. Thank you, Mr. Bilbray. Is there further
    discussion on the amendment? All in favor, say aye. Those
    opposed, no. The ayes have it and the amendment is agreed to.
        The second amendment on the roster is an amendment offered
    also by the gentleman from California, Mr. Bilbray. Are you
    ready to proceed with your amendment?
        Mr. Bilbray. Yes, Mr. Chair.
        Chair Gordon. The Clerk will report the amendment.
        The Clerk. Amendment to H.R. 3029, amendment number 001,
    offered by Mr. Bilbray of California.
        Chair Gordon. I ask unanimous consent to dispense with the
    reading. Without objection, so ordered.
        I recognize the gentleman for five minutes to explain the
    amendment.
        Mr. Bilbray. Mr. Chair, this is very simple. I think it
    stands in the spirit of everyone here and that is that there
    should be competitive bidding in this process and we keep this
    open, competitive. Competition is not only a very efficient way
    of doing it, it is what our taxpayers have always demanded. We
    keep it open, we keep it competitive, keep the system honest.
    That speaks for itself. I yield back.
        Chair Gordon. Is there further discussion on the amendment?
    If no, the vote occurs on the amendment. All in favor, say aye.
    Those opposed, no. The ayes have it. The amendment is agreed
    to.
        The third amendment on the roster is an amendment offered
    by the gentlelady from Florida, Ms. Kosmas. Are you ready to
    proceed with your amendment?
        Ms. Kosmas. I have an amendment at the desk.
        Chair Gordon. The Clerk will report the amendment.
        The Clerk. Amendment to H.R. 3029, amendment number 002,
    offered by Ms. Kosmas of Florida.
        Chair Gordon. I ask unanimous consent to dispense with the
    reading. Without objection, so ordered.
        I recognize the gentlelady for five minutes to explain her
    amendment.
        Ms. Kosmas. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I would like to thank Mr.
    Tonko for introducing this important bill that will advance new
    energy efficiency technology and move Americans down the path
    to energy independence.
        My amendment to H.R. 3029 will enable businesses and
    universities to participate in and help shape this new R&D
    program by requiring the Secretary of Energy to solicit grant
    and contract proposals from industry, universities and other
    appropriate parties. The addition of these institutions will
    ensure that our entire knowledge base is utilized to advance
    energy-efficient technology. Clean energy technology is a
    growing field and we must do all that we can to support such an
    important industry. For example, small businesses such as
    Florida Turbine Technologies and universities such as the
    University of Central Florida can provide valuable expertise
    and real-world experience that can make substantial
    contributions to DOE's research programs and the overall energy
    sector.
        Investing in and improving the efficiency of abundant
    domestic energy sources such as natural gas and harnessing the
    innovative capabilities of small businesses and universities is
    vital to developing new technologies that will create jobs,
    reduce greenhouse gases and strengthen national security. I ask
    my colleagues for their support, and I yield back.
        [The prepared statement of Ms. Kosmas follows:]

             Prepared Statement of Representative Suzanne M. Kosmas

        Thank you Mr. Chairman. And I would like to thank Mr. Tonko for
    introducing such an important bill that will advance new energy
    efficiency technology and move Americans down the path to energy
    independence.
        My amendment to H.R. 3029 will enable businesses and universities
    to participate in and help shape this new R&D program by requiring the
    Secretary of Energy to solicit grant and contract proposals from
    industry, universities, and other appropriate parties. The addition of
    these institutions will ensure that our entire knowledge base is
    utilized to advance energy efficient technologies.
        Clean energy technology is a growing field and we must do all we
    can to support such an important industry. Small businesses such as
    Florida Turbine Technologies and universities such as the University of
    Central Florida can provide valuable expertise and real world
    experience that can make substantial contributions to DOE's research
    programs and the overall energy sector.
        Investing in and improving the efficiency of abundant domestic
    energy sources such as natural gas and harnessing the innovative
    capabilities of small businesses and universities is vital to
    developing new technologies that will create jobs, reduce greenhouse
    gases, and strengthen national security.
        I ask my colleagues for their support and I yield back.

        Chair Gordon. Thank you, Ms. Kosmas.
        Is there further discussion? If note, the vote occurs on
    the amendment--oh, excuse me. Ms. Biggert.
        Ms. Biggert. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I just have one question
    of the author, and that is, you talk about the universities and
    others. Are the National labs included in this, do you know?
        Ms. Kosmas. I think there is nothing in my language that
    would prohibit that.
        Ms. Biggert. I just wondered if it was in the bill, or why
    they wouldn't have been included in the amendment.
        Ms. Kosmas. I didn't consider it, frankly, but I don't
    think there is anything in my amendment that would prevent that
    from being made part of it.
        Chair Gordon. If Ms. Biggert would yield, why don't we let
    Mr. King address that.
        The Counsel. There is nothing in the bill that would
    preclude National labs from being included or eligible, but it
    is not explicitly stated that they are, so----
        Ms. Biggert. All right. Thank you.
        Chair Gordon. Thank you, Ms. Biggert. I think we both agree
    that our National labs are great resources for the country.
        Is there further discussion on the amendment? If note, the
    vote occurs on the amendment. All in favor, say aye. Opposed,
    no. The ayes have it. The amendment is agreed to.
        Are there other amendments? If no, the vote is on the bill,
    H.R. 3029 as amended. All those in favor, say aye. All those
    opposed will say no. In the opinion of the Chair, the ayes have
    it.
        I now recognize Mr. Tonko for a motion.
        Mr. Tonko. Thank you, Chair Gordon. I move that the
    Committee favorably report H.R. 3029 as amended to the House
    with the recommendation that the bill do pass. Furthermore, I
    move that staff be instructed to prepare the legislative report
    and make necessary technical and conforming changes and that
    the Chair take all necessary steps to bring the bill before the
    House for consideration.
        Chair Gordon. Thank you, Mr. Tonko.
        The question is on the motion to report the bill favorably.
    Those in favor of the motion will signify by saying aye.
    Opposed, no. The ayes have it. The bill is favorably reported.
        Without objection, the motion to reconsider is laid upon
    the table. Members will have two subsequent calendar days in
    which to submit supplemental Minority or additional views on
    the measure.
        Chair Gordon. This concludes our Committee markup.
        [Whereupon, at 12:53 p.m., the Committee was adjourned.]

                                    Appendix

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                                Amendment Roster