[House Report 108-110]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
108th Congress Report
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
1st Session 108-110
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INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2003
_______
May 19, 2003.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
_______
Mr. Sensenbrenner, from the Committee on the Judiciary, submitted the
following
R E P O R T
[To accompany H.R. 1529]
[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]
The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the bill
(H.R. 1529) to amend title 11 of the United States Code with
respect to the dismissal of certain involuntary cases, having
considered the same, reports favorably thereon without
amendment and recommends that the bill do pass.
CONTENTS
Page
Purpose and Summary.............................................. 1
Background and Need for the Legislation.......................... 2
Hearings......................................................... 5
Committee Consideration.......................................... 5
Vote of the Committee............................................ 5
Committee Oversight Findings..................................... 5
Performance Goals and Objectives................................. 5
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures........................ 5
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................ 5
Constitutional Authority Statement............................... 7
Section-by-Section Analysis and Discussion....................... 7
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............ 7
Markup Transcript................................................ 8
Purpose and Summary
H.R. 1529, the ``Involuntary Bankruptcy Improvement Act of
2003,'' is intended to provide relief to victims of fraudulent
involuntary bankruptcy filings in two respects. First, it
amends the Bankruptcy Code to require the bankruptcy court on
motion of the debtor to expunge all records relating to a
fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy case from the court's files
where the debtor is an individual. Second, it authorizes the
bankruptcy court to prohibit all credit reporting agencies from
issuing a consumer report containing any reference to a
fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy case where the debtor is an
individual and the court dismissed the case.
Background and Need for the Legislation
On April 1, 2003, Chairman Sensenbrenner, introduced H.R.
1529, the ``Involuntary Bankruptcy Improvement Act of 2003,''
to provide relief to victims of fraudulent involuntary
bankruptcy petitions.
Current law provides that a person can voluntarily commence
a bankruptcy case \1\ or be involuntarily forced into
bankruptcy, under certain circumstances.\2\ With respect to
involuntary bankruptcy, one or more creditors (meeting
specified criteria) \3\ can file an involuntary petition for
bankruptcy relief under chapter 7 (liquidation) or chapter 11
(business reorganization) of the Bankruptcy Code against an
individual as well as certain types of business entities,\4\ if
grounds for granting such relief are established.\5\ If the
person who is the subject of an involuntary bankruptcy petition
does not timely oppose the petition, the court enters an
``order for relief,'' which formally commences the bankruptcy
case.\6\ If the involuntary petition is opposed by the putative
debtor, then the court must conduct a trial to determine if the
debtor should be adjudicated a bankrupt.\7\ Should the court
dismiss an involuntary petition (other than on consent of the
debtor), the court may impose various sanctions against the
party who filed the involuntary bankruptcy petition, such as
costs, reasonable attorneys' fees, and punitive damages, if
appropriate under the circumstances.\8\
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\1\ 11 U.S.C. Sec. 301 (2000).
\2\ 11 U.S.C. Sec. 303 (2000).
\3\ 11 U.S.C. Sec. 303(b) (2000). If, for example, the alleged
debtor has less than 12 creditors, a single creditor holding a claim of
at least $11,625 can commence an involuntary petition. 11 U.S.C.
Sec. 303(b)(2) (2000).
\4\ 11 U.S.C. Sec. 303(a) (2000). Certain individuals and entities,
such as farmers and eleemosynary institutions, cannot be involuntarily
forced into bankruptcy. Id.
\5\ A court may grant an involuntary bankruptcy petition only if:
(1) the debtor is generally not paying such debtor's debts
as such debts become due unless such debts are the subject
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of a bona fide dispute; or
(2) within 120 days before the date of the filing of the
petition, a custodian, other than a trustee, receiver, or
agent appointed or authorized to take charge of less than
substantially all of the property of the debtor for the
purpose of enforcing a lien against such property, was
appointed or took possession.
11 U.S.C. Sec. 303(h) (2000).
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\6\ Id.
\7\ Id.
\8\ 11 U.S.C. Sec. 303(i) (2000).
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Although fewer than 1 percent of all bankruptcy case
filings are commenced involuntarily,\9\ an involuntary
bankruptcy petition can serve as a useful creditor collection
tool. For example, it can preserve assets from further
dissipation and provide for their orderly liquidation by a
bankruptcy trustee, a fiduciary charged by statute to protect
such assets and maximize their value for the benefit of
creditors.
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\9\ 2 Collier on Bankruptcy para. 303.01 (Alan N. Resnick & Henry
J. Sommer eds., 15th ed. rev. 2002). According to the Administrative
Office of the U.S. Courts, only 661 involuntary chapter 7 cases and 110
involuntary chapter 11 cases were commenced out of more than 1.5
million bankruptcy case filings for fiscal year 2002.
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As with most documents filed in connection with a
bankruptcy case, the filing of an involuntary bankruptcy
petition is a matter of public record and is open for
examination by any entity.\10\ In addition, the Fair Credit
Reporting Act \11\ permits credit reporting agencies to note
the involuntary bankruptcy filing on a person's credit report
for up to 10 years.\12\ Although the Fair Credit Reporting Act
permits a consumer to have his or her credit report revised to
reflect the fact, for instance, that the involuntary bankruptcy
case was dismissed prior to the entry of an order for relief,
the report may, nevertheless, still refer to the filing of the
case.\13\
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\10\ 11 U.S.C. Sec. 107 (2000).
\11\ 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681 (2000).
\12\ 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681c(a)(1) (2000).
\13\ See, e.g., 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681i (2000); Letter from Ronald G.
Isaac, Attorney, Federal Trade Commission--Division of Financial
Practices/Bureau of Consumer Protection, to Anonymous (Nov. 5, 1999),
available at http://www.ftc.gov/os/statutues/frca/anon.htm.
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Unfortunately, tax protesters and other extremists, in
addition to other forms of obstreperous litigation (such as
filing false liens), are now resorting to filing fraudulent
involuntary bankruptcy petitions against public officials and
other innocent parties. Last year, for example, one tax
protester filed fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy petitions
against 36 local public officials in Wisconsin,\14\ some of
whom did not find out about the petitions until ``they
attempted to use a credit card or execute some other financial
transaction.'' \15\ These filings were subsequently dismissed
by the bankruptcy court, which found that they were filed in
bad faith without legal basis and were commenced ``for the sole
purpose of harassment of the named public officials.'' \16\
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\14\ See In re Kenealy et al., No. 02-26100-MDM (Bankr. E.D. Wis.
May 21, 2002). Involuntary petitions ``were filed against all but one
of the County Board supervisors,'' the county corporation counsel,
county sheriff, clerk of courts, and county circuit judge. Jeff Cole,
Paperwork Used for Revenge; Protester's Bogus Bankruptcy Petitions
Temporarily Disrupt Officials' Credit, Milwaukee J. Sentinel, June 6,
2002, at 1B. The protester also filed numerous liens in the amount of
$15 million against these individuals as well. Jeff Cole, Man Charged
with Filing False Documents; Town of Fredonia Protester's Case is 5th
Brought by State, Milwaukee J. Sentinel, May 21, 2002, at 1B.
\15\ Jeff Cole, Paperwork Used for Revenge; Protester's Bogus
Bankruptcy Petitions Temporarily Disrupt Officials' Credit, Milwaukee
J. Sentinel, June 6, 2002, at 1B.
\16\ In re Kenealy et al., No. 02-26100-MDM (Bankr. E.D. Wis. May
21, 2002).
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``Despite the fact that the [fraudulent involuntary
bankruptcy] petitions are often dismissed,'' as one State
assistant attorney general observed, ``the filings continue to
cause financial problems for the victims.'' \17\ The
devastating effect of a fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy
filing on an innocent person's credit rating is illustrated by
what occurred in Wisconsin and its aftermath. Although the
bankruptcy court in dismissing these cases also directed all
credit reporting agencies to expunge any record of these
filings from the officials' credit reports,\18\ the bankruptcy
petition filings nevertheless ``caused some officials' credit
cards to be canceled, almost caused the sale of one
supervisor's house to be stopped, and caused continuing credit
problems for other officials.'' \19\ As the Chairman of the
Ozaukee County Board explained, ``This has resulted in
notations of bankruptcy in our personal credit history with all
credit agencies, causing the disruption of the use of our
credit cards and other financial dealings, not to mention
increased cost in mortgage interest.'' \20\
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\17\ Roy Korte, Terrorism: A Law Enforcement Perspective, Anti-
Defamation League (2002), at http://www.adl.org/learn/columns/
roy5%5korte.asp.
\18\ In re Kenealy et al., No. 02-26100-MDM (Bankr. E.D. Wis. May
21, 2002).
\19\ Jeff Cole,``Paper Terrorist'' Gets Five Years in Prison,
Milwaukee J. Sentinel, Jan. 18, 2003, at 1B.
\20\ Letter from Gustav W. Wirth, Jr., Chairman, Ozaukee County
Board, to F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., Chairman, Committee on the
Judiciary (July 25, 2002) (on file with the Subcommittee on Commercial
and Administrative Law).
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While abusive involuntary bankruptcy filings are not
pervasive, they have been filed in various districts across the
nation, according to an informal survey conducted by the
Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the
National Conference of Bankruptcy Clerks.\21\ In the Southern
District of Ohio, for example, one person filed fraudulent
involuntary bankruptcy petitions last year against a Federal
district court judge, an Internal Revenue Service agent, and
two attorneys in private practice.\22\ He also attempted to
file an involuntary petition against a bankruptcy judge.\23\
Another individual in that same district filed fraudulent
involuntary petitions against a tow truck operator and a
private individual.\24\ In Maine, involuntary petitions were
filed last year by an incarcerated prisoner against the chief
federal district court judge and the United States
Attorney.\25\ Abusive involuntary bankruptcy petitions have
also been filed in Nebraska and North Carolina.\26\ In the
Central District of California alone, it is estimated that
approximately 11% of involuntary bankruptcy petitions commenced
in that district over a 27-month period were likely filed in
bad faith.\27\
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\21\ E-mails from Mark Evans, Counsel, Office of Legislative
Affairs, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, to Susan Jensen,
Attorney, Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law of the
Committee on the Judiciary (Apr. 16, 2003) (on file with the
Subcommittee).
\22\ Jury Convicts Protester of Obstruction, Bankruptcy Fraud,
States News Service, May 23, 2002; Kevin Mayhood, Tax-Protester's
Friend Accused of Obstruction, Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch, Apr. 3, 2002,
at 3B; telephone interview with Keith Brown, Deputy Clerk in Charge,
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Ohio (May 2, 2003); telephone interview
with Michael D. Webb, Clerk, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Ohio (May 1,
2003); telephone interview with Mark D'Alessandro, Assistant U.S.
Attorney, S.D. Ohio (May 1, 2003).
\23\ Telephone interview with Keith Brown, Deputy Clerk in Charge,
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Ohio (May 2, 2003).
\24\ Id.
\25\ Telephone interview with Celia E. Strickler, Clerk, U.S.
Bankruptcy Court, D. Me. (May 1, 2003).
\26\ E-mails from Mark Evans, Counsel, Office of Legislative
Affairs, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts to Susan Jensen,
Attorney, Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law of the
Committee on the Judiciary (Apr. 16, 2003) (on file with the
Subcommittee); see Christopher Tritto, Ohio Man Indicted on Federal
Murder Charges, Charleston Gazette, Mar. 22, 2003, at 8C (reporting on
a ``false'' involuntary petition filed by a person from North
Carolina).
\27\ Telephone interview with Wayne Wolf, President, National
Conference of Bankruptcy Clerks (Apr. 10, 2003).
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In addition, the use of fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy
petitions is recognized as a ``new tactic of anti-government
extremists.'' \28\ Describing these tactics as ``an abuse'' of
the courts, one bankruptcy clerk stated, ``This is a problem
that is growing in scope and is damaging the credit and
reputations of many innocent victims.'' \29\ Organizations,
such as the Anti-Defamation League and the National District
Attorneys Association,\30\ for example, have expressed concern
that this tactic ``might become widespread.'' \31\
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\28\ Roy Korte, Terrorism: A Law Enforcement Perspective, Anti-
Defamation League (2002), at http:/www.adl.org/learn/columns/
roy5%5korte.asp.
\29\ E-mail from Mark Evans, Counsel, Office of Legislative
Affairs, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, to Susan Jensen,
Attorney, Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law of the
Committee on the Judiciary (Apr. 16, 2003) (quoting Michael D. Webb,
Clerk, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Ohio) (on file with the
Subcommittee).
\30\ Letter from Daniel M. Alsobrooks, President, National District
Attorneys Association, to F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., Chairman,
Committee on the Judiciary, May 2, 2003 (on file with Subcommittee on
Commercial and Administrative Law).
\31\ Jeff Cole, Paperwork Used for Revenge; Protester's Bogus
Bankruptcy Petitions Temporarily Disrupt Officials' Credit, Milwaukee
J. Sentinel, June 6, 2002, at 1B (quoting Mark Pitcavage, National
Director of Fact Finding, Anti-Defamation League). The Anti-Defamation
League has reported other instances of abusive involuntary bankruptcy
petitions by ``sovereign citizens.'' See, e.g., Extremist-Related
Criminal Activity, Anti-Defamation League (Feb. 16, 2001), at http://
www.adl.org/learn/criminal%5Factitivity/feb5F01.asp.
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H.R. 1529 responds to the problems presented by fraudulent
involuntary bankruptcy filings in two respects. First, it
amends the Bankruptcy Code to require the bankruptcy court on
motion of the debtor to expunge from the court's file all
records relating to a fraudulent involuntary petition where the
debtor is an individual and the court dismissed the petition.
Second, the bill amends the Bankruptcy Code to authorize a
bankruptcy court to prohibit all credit reporting agencies from
issuing a consumer report containing any information regarding
the fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy petition or the case
commenced by such petition where the debtor is an individual
and the court dismissed the petition.
Hearings
No hearings were held on H.R. 1529, the ``Involuntary
Bankruptcy Improvement Act of 2003.''
Committee Consideration
On May 7, 2003, the Committee met in open session and
ordered favorably reported the bill H.R. 1529 without amendment
by voice vote, a quorum being present.
Vote of the Committee
In compliance with clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of
the House of Representatives, the Committee notes that there
were no recorded votes during the consideration of H.R. 1529.
Committee Oversight Findings
In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules
of the House of Representatives, the Committee reports that the
findings and recommendations of the Committee, based on
oversight activities under clause 2(b)(1) of rule X of the
Rules of the House of Representatives, are incorporated in the
descriptive portions of this report.
Performance Goals and Objectives
H.R. 1529 does not authorize funding. Therefore, clause
3(c)(4) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of
Representatives is inapplicable.
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures
Clause 3(c)(2) of House rule XIII is inapplicable because
this legislation does not provide new budgetary authority or
increased tax expenditures.
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate
In compliance with clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules
of the House of Representatives, the Committee sets forth, with
respect to the bill, H.R. 1529, the following estimate and
comparison prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget
Office under section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of
1974:
U.S. Congress,
Congressional Budget Office,
Washington, DC, May 16, 2003.
Hon. F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., Chairman,
Committee on the Judiciary,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 1529, the
``Involuntary Bankruptcy Improvement Act of 2003.''
If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact are Lanette J.
Walker (for Federal costs), who can be reached at 226-2860, and
Paige Piper/Bach (for the impact on the private sector), who
can be reached at 226-2940.
Sincerely,
Douglas Holtz-Eakin.
Enclosure
cc:
Honorable John Conyers, Jr.
Ranking Member
H.R. 1529--Involuntary Bankruptcy Improvement Act of 2003.
H.R. 1529 would require the Federal courts to expunge court
records relating to a petition to initiate involuntary
bankruptcy that is found to contain false or fraudulent
statements. Based on information from the Administrative Office
of the United States Courts, CBO estimates that the cost to
expunge such records would have no significant impact on the
Federal budget. Enacting H.R. 1529 would not affect direct
spending or revenues.
H.R. 1529 contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no
costs on State, local, or tribal governments.
H.R. 1529 would impose a private-sector mandate, as defined
in UMRA, on consumer reporting agencies. The bill would give
Federal bankruptcy judges the authority to prohibit consumer
reporting agencies from issuing a report containing any
information relating to certain involuntary bankruptcy
petitions the court has dismissed. In the event that the court
uses such authority, the duty to comply with the prohibition
would be considered a private-sector mandate under UMRA.
According to industry representatives, the current practice of
consumer reporting agencies is to not report any information
when a court dismisses an involuntary bankruptcy petition.
Therefore, CBO estimates that the cost of complying with such a
mandate would be minimal, if any, and would fall well below the
annual threshold established by UMRA for private-sector
mandates ($117 million in 2003, adjusted annually for
inflation).
The CBO staff contacts for this estimate are Lanette J.
Walker (for Federal costs), who can be reached at 226-2860, and
Paige Piper/Bach (for the impact on the private sector), who
can be reached at 226-2940. This estimate was approved by Peter
H. Fontaine, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis.
Constitutional Authority Statement
Pursuant to clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the
House of Representatives, the Committee finds the authority for
this legislation in article I, section 8, clause 4 of the
Constitution.
Section-by-Section Analysis and Discussion
Section 1. Short Title. Section 1 of H.R. 1529 sets forth
the short title of the bill as the ``Involuntary Bankruptcy
Improvement Act of 2003.''
Section 2. Amendment. Section 2 of H.R. 1529 amends section
303 of the Bankruptcy Code in two respects. First, it adds a
provision to section 303 requiring the bankruptcy court on
motion of the debtor to expunge from the court's file all
records relating to the filing of an involuntary bankruptcy
petition and any references to such petition, under certain
conditions. Those conditions are: (1) the petition is false or
contains any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent
statement; (2) the debtor is an individual; and (3) the
petition was dismissed by the court.
Section 2 of the bill also amends Bankruptcy Code section
303 to authorize a bankruptcy court to prohibit all credit
reporting agencies from issuing a consumer report that contains
any information relating to the involuntary bankruptcy petition
or to the case commenced by such petition where the debtor is
an individual and the court has dismissed the petition.
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported
In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (new matter is
printed in italics and existing law in which no change is
proposed is shown in roman):
SECTION 303 OF TITLE 11, UNITED STATES CODE
Sec. 303. Involuntary cases
(a) * * *
* * * * * * *
(l)(1) If--
(A) the petition under this section is false or
contains any materially false, fictitious, or
fraudulent statement;
(B) the debtor is an individual; and
(C) the court dismisses such petition;
the court, upon motion of the debtor, shall expunge from the
records of the court such petition, all the records relating to
such petition in particular, and all references to such
petition.
(2) If the debtor is an individual and the court dismisses a
petition under this section, the court may enter an order
prohibiting all consumer reporting agencies (as defined in
section 603 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act) from making any
consumer report (as defined in section 603 of the Fair Credit
Reporting Act) that contains any information relating to such
petition or to the case commenced by the filing of such
petition.
Markup Transcript
BUSINESS MEETING
WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 2003
House of Representatives,
Committee on the Judiciary,
Washington, DC.
The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:00 a.m., in
Room 2141, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr. [Chairman of the Committee] presiding.
[Intervening business.]
Chairman Sensenbrenner. The next item on the agenda
pursuant to notice, I now call up the bill H.R. 1529, the
``Involuntary Bankruptcy Improvement Act of 2003,'' for
purposes of markup and move its favorable recommendation to the
full House. Without objection, the bill will be considered as
read and open for amendment at any point.
[The bill, H.R. 1529, follows:]
Chairman Sensenbrenner. And I recognize myself for 5
minutes to explain the bill.
Under current law, a debtor can voluntarily commence a
bankruptcy or involuntarily case be forced into bankruptcy by
one or more creditors. Although rarely used, an involuntary
bankruptcy petition can be a useful creditor collection tool
that can preserve assets from further dissipation and provide
for their orderly liquidation by the trustee.
Unfortunately, tax protesters and other extremists are now
resorting to filing fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy petitions
against public officials and private individuals as yet another
weapon in their arsenal of mischievous litigation tactics such
as filing false liens.
Last year, for example, a tax protester filed fraudulent
involuntary bankruptcy petitions against 36 local public
officials, including the sheriff, nearly every member of the
county board of supervisors, and a county circuit court judge
in my district in Wisconsin. Some of these individuals only
discovered that they were the subject of a pending involuntary
bankruptcy after their lines of credit were terminated or they
were charged higher interest rates.
Worse yet, an involuntary bankruptcy filing, as with most
bankruptcy cases, is a matter of public record and can appear
on an individual's credit report for up to 10 years, even if
the involuntary bankruptcy is fraudulent and the case is
dismissed by the court. As a result, innocent individuals
continue to experience credit problems long after these abusive
cases are dismissed.
While abusive involuntary bankruptcy filings are not
pervasive, they have occurred in various districts across the
Nation. According to an informal survey conducted by the
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts and the National
Conference of Bankruptcy Clerks, fraudulent involuntary
bankruptcies have been filed in California, Ohio, Maine,
Nebraska and North Carolina.
Indeed, organizations such as the Anti-Defamation League
and the National District Attorneys Association have expressed
concern that this litigation tactic may become even more
widespread.
This bill responds to the problems presented by abusive
involuntary bankruptcy filings in two respects. First, it
amends the Bankruptcy Code to require the bankruptcy court, on
the motion of the debtor, to expunge all records relating to a
fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy from the court's files under
certain conditions.
Second, it authorizes the bankruptcy court to prohibit all
credit reporting agencies from issuing a consumer report
containing any reference to a fraudulent involuntary bankruptcy
where the debtor is an individual and the court has dismissed
the petition.
I urge the support of this legislation. Yield back my time.
The gentleman from Virginia?
Mr. Scott. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, this is a
narrowly tailored bill to address a real problem. People
subjected to this are hurt grievously, and this bill will do a
lot to restore their good credit, and I support the bill and
yield back the balance of my time.
Chairman Sensenbrenner. All Members, with unanimous
consent, may include opening statements in the record at this
point.
Are there amendments? Are there amendments? There are no
amendments. A reporting quorum is not present, and the previous
question is ordered on the motion to report the bill favorably.
[Intervening business.]
The unfinished business is the bill H.R. 1529, the
``Involuntary Bankruptcy Improvement Act of 2003.'' The Chair
notes the presence of a reporting quorum. The question is on
reporting the bill favorably.
Those in favor will say aye.
Opposed, no.
The ayes appear to have it. The ayes have it. The motion is
agreed to.
Without objection, the Chair is authorized to move to go to
conference pursuant to House rules. Without objection, the
staff is authorized to make technical and conforming changes,
and all Members will be given 2 days, pursuant to House rules,
in which to submit additional supplemental minority or
dissenting views.