[Senate Report 107-259]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Calendar No. 576
107th Congress Report
SENATE
2d Session 107-259
======================================================================
NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAILS STUDIES
_______
September 9, 2002.--Ordered to be printed
_______
Mr. Bingaman, from the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources,
submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany H.R. 37]
The Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, to which was
referred the Act (H.R. 37) to amend the National Trails System
Act to update the feasibility and suitability studies of 4
national historic trails and provide for possible additions to
such trails, having considered the same, reports favorably
thereon with an amendment and recommends that the Act, as
amended, do pass.
The amendment is as follows:
Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert in lieu
thereof the following:
SECTION 1. REVISION OF FEASIBILITY AND SUITABILITY STUDIES OF EXISTING
NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAILS.
Section 5 of the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1244) is
amended by inserting the following new subsection (g):
``(g) The Secretary shall revise the feasibility and suitability
studies for certain national trails for consideration of possible
additions to the trails.
``(1) In general.--
``(A) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(i) Route.--The term `route' includes a
trail segment commonly known as a cutoff.
``(ii) Shared route.--The term `shared route'
means a route that was a segment of more than
one historic trail, including a route shared
with an existing national historic trail.
``(B) Study requirements and objectives.--The study
requirements and objectives specified in subsection (b)
shall apply to a study required by this subsection.
``(C) Completion and submission of study.--A study
listed in this subsection shall be completed and
submitted to the Congress not later than three complete
fiscal years from the date of the enactment of this
subsection, or from the date of the enactment of the
addition of the study to this subsection, whichever is
later.
``(2) Oregon national historic trail.--
``(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the Interior
shall undertake a study of the routes of the Oregon
Trail listed in subparagraph (B) and generally depicted
on the map entitled `Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870'
and dated 1991/1993, and of such other routes of the
Oregon Trail that the Secretary considers appropriate,
to determine the feasibility and suitability of
designation of one or more of the routes as components
of the Oregon National Historic Trail.
``(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied under
subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
``(i) Whitman Mission route.
``(ii) Upper Columbia River.
``(iii) Cowlitz River route.
``(iv) Meek cutoff.
``(v) Free Emigrant road.
``(vi) North Alternate Oregon Trail.
``(vii) Goodale's cutoff.
``(viii) North Side alternate route.
``(ix) Cutoff to Barlow Road.
``(x) Naches Pass Trail.
``(3) Pony express national historic trail.--The Secretary of
the Interior shall undertake a study of the approximately 20-
mile southern alternative route of the Pony Express Trail from
Wathena, Kansas, to Troy, Kansas, and such other routes of the
Pony Express Trail that the Secretary considers appropriate, to
determine the feasibility and suitability of designation of one
or more of the routes as components of the Pony Express
National Historic Trail.
``(4) California national historic trail.--
``(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the Interior
shall undertake a study of the Missouri Valley,
central, and western routes of the California Trail
listed in subparagraph (B) and generally depicted on
the map entitled `Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870'
and dated 1991/1993, and of such other and shared
Missouri Valley, central, and western routes that the
Secretary considers appropriate, to determine the
feasibility and suitability of designation of one or
more of the routes as components of the California
National Historic Trail.
``(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied under
subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
``(i) Missouri valley routes.--
``(I) Blue Mills-Independence Road.
``(II) Westport Landing Road.
``(III) Westport-Lawrence Road.
``(IV) Fort Leavenworth-Blue River
route.
``(V) Road to Amazonia.
``(VI) Union Ferry Route.
``(VII) Old Wyoming-Nebraska City
cutoff.
``(VIII) Lower Plattsmouth Route.
``(IX) Lower Bellevue Route.
``(X) Woodbury cutoff.
``(XI) Blue Ridge cutoff.
``(XII) Westport Road.
``(XIII) Gum Springs-Fort Leavenworth
route.
``(XIV) Atchison/Independence Creek
routes.
``(XV) Forth Leavenworth-Kansas River
route.
``(XVI) Nebraska City cutoff routes.
``(XVII) Minersville-Nebraska City
Road.
``(XVIII) Upper Plattsmouth route.
``(XIX) Upper Bellevue route.
``(ii) Central routes.--
``(I) Cherokee Trail, including
splits.
``(II) Weber Canyon route of Hastings
cutoff.
``(III) Bishop Creek cutoff.
``(IV) McAuley cutoff.
``(V) Diamond Springs cutoff.
``(VI) Secret Pass.
``(VII) Greenhorn cutoff.
``(VIII) Central Overland Trail.
``(iii) Western routes.--
``(I) Bidwell-Bartleson route.
``(II) Georgetown/Dagget Pass Trail.
``(III) Big Trees Road.
``(IV) Grizzly Flat cutoff.
``(V) Nevada City Road.
``(VI) Yreka Trail.
``(VII) Henness Pass route.
``(VIII) Johnson cutoff.
``(IX) Luther Pass Trail.
``(X) Volcano Road.
``(XI) Sacramento-Coloma Wagon Road.
``(XII) Burnett cutoff.
``(XIII) Placer County Road to
Auburn.
``(5) Mormon pioneer national historic trail.--
``(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the Interior
shall undertake a study of the routes of the Mormon
Pioneer Trail listed in subparagraph (B) and generally
depicted on the map entitled `Western Emigrant Trails
1830/1870' and dated 1991/1993, and of such other
routes of the Mormon Pioneer Trail that the Secretary
considers appropriate, to determine the feasibility and
suitability of designation of one or more of the routes
as components of the Mormon Pioneer National Historic
Trail.
``(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied under
subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
``(i) 1846 Subsequent routes A and B (Lucas
and Clarke Counties, Iowa).
``(ii) 1856-57 Handcart route (Iowa City to
Council Bluffs)
``(iii) Keokuk route (Iowa).
``(iv) 1847 Alternative Elkhorn and Loup
River Crossings in Nebraska.
``(v) Fort Leavenworth Road; Ox Bow route and
alternates in Kansas and Missouri (Oregon and
California Trail routes used by Mormon
emigrants).
``(vi) 1850 Golden Pass Road in Utah.
``(6) Shared california and oregon trail routes.--
``(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the Interior
shall undertake a study of the shared routes of the
California Trail and Oregon Trail listed in
subparagraph (B) and generally depicted on the map
entitled `Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870' and dated
1991/1993, and of such other shared routes that the
Secretary considers appropriate, to determine the
feasibility and suitability of designation of one or
more of the routes as shared components of the
California National Historic Trail and the Oregon
National Historic Trail.
``(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied under
subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
``(i) St. Joe Road.
``(ii) Council Bluffs Road.
``(iii) Sublette cutoff.
``(iv) Applegate route.
``(v) Old Fort Kearny Road (Oxbow Trail).
``(vi) Childs cutoff.
``(vii) Raft River to Applegate.''
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 37, as ordered reported, is to amend
the National Trails System Act to authorize the Secretary of
the Interior to study the feasibility and suitability of
designating addition routes as components of the Oregon,
Mormon, California, and Pony Express National Historic Trails.
Background and Need
The National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1241 et seq.)
authorizes the establishment of National Scenic, Historic and
Recreation trails. H.R. 37 would amend that Act to authorize
studies of additional routes for four prominent National
Historic Trails: the Oregon National Historic Trail, a primary
route for emigrants to the West; the Mormon National Historic
Trail, which commemorates the 1846-47 journey of Mormon
settlers from Illinois to Utah; the California National
Historic Trail, which traces access routes to the 1849
California Gold Rush, and the Pony Express National Historic
Trail, which commemorates the eighteenth-month running of the
Pony Express and its dashing delivery of mail from Missouri to
California in ten days.
Congress designated the Oregon and Mormon trails in the
late 1970's and the California and Pony Express trails in the
late 1980's. More recently, dozens of additional routes and
cutoffs have been identified which may qualify as integral
parts of these trails. Rather than following a single mainline
route, the pioneers often followed a system of trails, braided
to follow water and grass, avoid Indians, save time, and even
access additional sites.
H.R. 37 is necessary because the National Trails System Act
does not provide for additions to trails subsequent to their
designation by Congress. The bill would authorize the Secretary
responsible for each trail to study the feasibility and
suitability of adding new routes to each of these trails. Any
designation of these new routes as components of the National
Trails System would require subsequent legislation.
The Oregon, Mormon, California, and Pony Express trails
overlap one another in many locations and several of the routes
and cutoffs proposed for study in H.R. 37 are already part of
one or another of the designated trails. These shared routes
are prominent where the trails depart from various points along
the Missouri River, and other shared locations include routes
in western Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada,
and California. The study of these additional routes and
cutoffs will help assure greater historical accuracy along
these routes.
Legislative History
H.R. 37 was sponsored by Representative Bereuter on January
3, 2001 and passed the House of Representatives on June 6,
2001. Companion legislation, S. 213 was introduced by Senator
Hatch and others on January 30, 2001. The Subcommittee on
National Parks held a hearing on both bills on March 7, 2002.
At its business meeting on July 31, 2002, the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources ordered H.R. 37 to be favorably
reported, as amended.
Committee Recommendation
The Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, in open
business session on July 31, 2002, by voice vote of a quorum
present, recommends that the Senate pass H.R. 37, if amended as
described herein.
Committee Amendment
During the consideration of H.R. 37, the Committee adopted
an amendment in the nature of a substitute. As passed by the
House of Representatives, H.R. 37 would have authorized the
Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture, as
appropriate, to study the routes identified in the bill, and to
designate those routes determined to be suitable and feasible
additions to the National Trails System. The Committee
amendment deletes the Secretary's authority to designate these
additions. Instead, any future designations will require
subsequent legislation. In addition, the amendment makes
several clarifying and conforming changes to the bill. The
amendment is explained in detail in the section-by-section
analysis, below.
Section-by-Section Analysis
Section 1 amends section 5 of the National Trails System
Act (16 U.S.C. 1244) by inserting a new subsection (g)
authorizing the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of
Agriculture, as appropriate, to study the referenced routes
which are associated with the Oregon, Pony Express, California,
and Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trails for possible
additions to these trails.
Paragraph (1) of the new subsection defines key terms used
in the studies and clarifies that the studies are to be
conducted in accordance with the requirements of section 5(b)
of the National Trails System Act.
Paragraph (2) identifies ten routes associated with the
Oregon National Historic Trail and any other routes the
Secretary determines are appropriate for designation as a
component of the Oregon National Historic Trail.
Paragraph (3) directs the Secretary to study approximately
20 miles of the southern alternative route of the Pony Express
National Historic Trail from Wathena, Kansas to Troy, Kansas.
In addition, the Secretary is to consider other routes that
might be feasible and suitable for designation as components of
the Pony Express National Historic Trail.
Paragraph (4) directs the Secretary to study several routes
associated with the California National Historic Trail,
including 19 routes in the Missouri Valley, eight central
routes, and 12 western routes.
Paragraph (5) directs the Secretary to study six routes
associated with the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail
depicted on the referenced map.
Paragraph (6) requires the Secretary to study seven routes
that are shared by the California and Oregon National Historic
Trails. In addition, the Secretary is authorized to study other
associated shared routes to determine their suitability and
feasibility for designation as part of either trail.
Cost and Budgetary Considerations
The following estimate of the costs of this measure has
been provided by the Congressional Budget Office:
U.S. Congress,
Congressional Budget Office,
Washington, DC, August 14, 2001.
Hon. Jeff Bingaman,
Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 37, an act to
amend the National Trails System Act to update the feasibility
and suitability studies of four national historic trails and
provide for possible additions to such trails.
If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Deborah Reis.
Sincerely,
Robert A. Sunshine
(For Dan L. Crippen, Director).
Enclosure.
H.R. 37--An act to amend the National Trails System Act to update the
feasibility and suitability studies of four national historic
trails and provide for possible additions to such trails
H.R. 37 would direct the Department of the Interior to
update the feasibility studies of four national historic trails
to include numerous shared routes, cutoff trails, and other
trail segments. The department would designate as components of
the four national historic trails any segments found to be
feasible and suitable additions. H.R. 37 would require the
department to report the studies' findings within three years
of the legislation's enactment.
Assuming the availability of appropriated funds, CBO
estimates that it would cost about $160,000 over the next three
years to conduct all of the required studies of trail segments
specified by the act. The legislation would not affect direct
spending or receipts; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures would
not apply.
H.R. 37 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and
would impose no costs on state, local or tribal governments.
On May 25, 2001, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for H.R.
37 as ordered reported by the House Committee on Resources on
May 16, 2001. The two versions of the legislation are very
similar, and the cost of the authorized studies are identical.
The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Deborah Reis.
The estimate was approved by Peter Fontaine, Deputy Assistant
Director for Budget Analysis.
Regulatory Impact Evaluation
In compliance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee makes the following
evaluation of the regulatory impact which would be incurred in
carrying out H.R. 37. The bill is not a regulatory measure in
the sense of imposing Government-established standards or
significant economic responsibilities on private individuals
and businesses.
No personal information would be collected in administering
the program. Therefore, there would be no impact on personal
privacy.
Little, if any, additional paperwork would result from the
enactment of H.R. 37.
Executive Communications
The legislative report from the Department of the Interior
setting forth Executive agency views on H.R. 37 follows:
U.S. Department of the Interior,
Office of the Secretary,
Washington, DC, March 11, 2002.
Hon. Jeff Bingaman,
Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: This letter sets forth the views of the
Department of the Interior on S. 213 and H.R. 37, bills that
would amend the National Trails System Act to update the
feasibility and suitability studies of the Oregon, California,
Pony Express and Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trails (NHT).
Both S. 213 and H.R. 37 would update the feasibility and
suitability studies and make recommendations through the
examination of additional routes and cutoffs not included in
the initial studies of all four trails. The Secretary of the
Interior would determine if any of these routes and cutoffs are
eligible as additions to the four NHTs at the completion of
these studies. Further, both bills would authorize the
Secretary to make authorization of any of these additional
routes and cutoffs if she found them eligible.
The Department supports both bills. However, the Department
did not request additional funding for updating these studies
in Fiscal Year 2003. We believe that any funding requested
should be directed toward completing previously authorized
studies. Presently, there are 40 studies pending, of which we
hope to transmit 15 to Congress by the end of 2002. New studies
can eventually result in new designations, and we believe that
it is important to focus our resources on working down the
deferred maintenance backlog at existing parks. Of the studies
underway during the 10-year period between 1989 and 1998, NPS
has transmitted 79 studies to Congress. These 79 studies
resulted in 15 new NPS units, 14 heritage areas, and 10 other
types of designations or programs. To plan for the future of
our National Parks, the Administration will identify in each
study the costs to establish, operate, and maintain the site
should it result in a future designation.
The feasibility study for the Oregon NHT was completed in
1977, the study for the Mormon Pioneer NHT in 1978, and the one
for the California and Pony Express NHTs in 1987. Since those
studies have been completed, additional routes and cutoffs were
identified, and may qualify as parts of these trails. The
National Trails System Act makes no provision by which such
additional routes and cutoffs may be evaluated and added to
national historic trails.
The Oregon NHT, authorized in 1978, commemorates the
``primary route'' used by emigrants beginning in 1841 between
Independence, Missouri and Oregon City, Oregon. Traveled by
thousands, the trail contained routes and cutoffs used through
the years. These secondary routes had substantial emigrant
traffic over several decades that demonstrate historical
significance and may be worthy of examination in an updated
study. The authorization of the Mormon NHT in 1978 be worthy of
examination in an updated study. The authorization of the
Mormon NHT in 1978 commemorates the journey of the pioneer
party in 1846-1847 from Nauvoo, Illinois to Salt Lake City,
Utah. As with the Oregon NHT, emigrant traffic occurred on many
additional routes during the Mormon migration westward.
Similarly with the other trails, these routes are more often
than not coincident or shared with one another. Preliminary
data indicate traffic along those routes during the historic
period and there are additional routes to be studied for these
two trails. Authorized in 1992, the California NHT commemorates
the gold rush to the Sierra Nevada. Dozens of routes and
cutoffs were traveled by thousands of pioneers, but no single
route dominated. The Pony Express NHT was included in the same
authorizing legislation as the California NHT. It commemorates
the efforts of this nation struggling to establish a system of
communication across the Trans-Missouri west. The trail
primarily follows routes beginning at St. Joseph, Missouri and
ending in San Francisco, California. The firm of Russell,
Majors, and Waddell, a western Missouri freighting company set
up and operated the Pony Express for one and a half years
before it fell on hard times and ceased to exist. A short
section of the trail, from the Missouri River into Kansas, may
be worthy of study and is included in both S. 213 and H.R. 37.
All four trails overlap one another in many locations and
several of the routes and cutoffs proposed for study in S. 213
and H.R. 37 are already part of designated trails. These shared
routes are prominent where the trails depart from various
points along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, particularly
in the Kansas City, St. Joseph, Nebraska City, Council Bluffs
and Omaha areas. Several other shared locations include routes
in western Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada
and California.
The National Trail System Act requires that studies of
lands proposed for trails be made in consultation with federal,
state, and local agencies, as well as nonprofit trail
organizations. Between 1994 and 1999, the National Park
Service--in collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management,
USDA Forest Service, trail advocacy groups and others--
completed the Comprehensive Management and Use Plan and
Environmental Impact Statement (1999) for the four trails. This
was the initial plan for the recently established California
and Pony Express NHTs as well as revised plans for the earlier
established Oregon and Mormon Pioneer NHTs. S. 213 and H.R. 37
would allow for the consideration of these additional
alternates and cutoffs by authorizing an update of the original
studies done for these four tails to evaluate which are
eligible for designation as NHT segments. S. 213 and H.R. 37
would authorize the Department of the Interior to work closely
with federal agencies, state, local and tribal governments,
local landowners and other interested parties.
Historic trails cross public and private lands and the
intent of the National Trails System Act is one of respecting
private property rights. In so doing, the development of strong
partnerships is critical to administering and managing the
historic trails and achieving preservation of trail resources
and interpretation of the trail to the public. The four
national trails in this legislation demonstrate existing public
and private partnerships.
The Office of Management and Budget advises that there is
no objection to the presentation of this report from the
standpoint of the Administration's program.
Sincerely,
Craig Manson,
Assistant Secretary for Fish
and Wildlife and Parks.
Changes in Existing Law
In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by
the Act H.R. 37, as ordered reported, are shown as follows
(existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black
brackets, new matter is printed in italic, existing law in
which no change is proposed is shown in roman):
A. NATIONAL TRAILS SYSTEM ACT
(Public Law 90-543; Approved October 2, 1968)
AN ACT To establish a national trails system, and for other purposes
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SHORT TITLE
Section 1. This Act may be cited as the ``National Trails
System Act''.
* * * * * * *
NATIONAL SCENIC AND NATIONAL HISTORICAL TRAILS
Sec. 5. (a) National scenic and national historic trails
shall be authorized and designated only by Act of Congress.
There are hereby established the following National Scenic and
National Historic Trails:
* * * * * * *
(g) The Secretary shall revise the feasibility and
suitability studies for certain national trails for
consideration of possible additions to the trails.
(1) In general.--
(A) Definitions.--In this subsection:
(i) Route.--The term ``route''
includes a trail segment commonly known
as a cutoff.
(ii) Shared route.--The term ``shared
route'' means a route that was a
segment of more than one historic
trail, including a route shared with an
existing national historic trail.
(B) Study requirements and objectives.--The
study requirements and objectives specified in
subsection (b) shall apply to a study required
by this subsection.
(C) Completion and submission of study.--A
study listed in this subsection shall be
completed and submitted to the Congress not
later than three complete fiscal years from the
date of the enactment of this subsection, or
from the date of the enactment of the addition
of the study to this subsection, whichever is
later.
(2) Oregon national historic trail.--
(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the
Interior shall undertake a study of the routes
of the Oregon Trail listed in subparagraph (B)
and generally depicted on the map entitled
``Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870'' and dated
1991/1993, and of such other routes of the
Oregon Trail that the Secretary considers
appropriate, to determine the feasibility and
suitability of designation of one or more of
the routes as components of the Oregon National
Historic Trail.
(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied
under subparagraph (A) shall include the
following:
(i) Whitman Mission route.
(ii) Upper Columbia River.
(iii) Cowlitz River route.
(iv) Meek cutoff.
(v) Free Emigrant Road.
(vi) North Alternate Oregon Trail.
(vii) Goodale's cutoff.
(viii) North Side alternate route.
(xi) Cutoff to Barlow Road.
(x) Naches Pass Trail.
(3) Pony express national historic trail.--The
Secretary of the Interior shall undertake a study of
the approximately 20-mile southern alternative route of
the Pony Express Trail from Wathena, Kansas, to Troy,
Kansas, and such other routes of the Pony Express Trail
that the Secretary considers appropriate, to determine
the feasibility and suitability of designation of one
or more of the routes as components of the Pony Express
National Historic Trail.
(4) California national historic trail.--
(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the
Interior shall undertake a study of the
Missouri Valley, central, and western routes of
the California Trail listed in subparagraph (B)
and generally depicted on the map entitled
``Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870'' and dated
1991/1993, and of such other and shared
Missouri Valley, central, and western routes
that the Secretary considers appropriate, to
determine the feasibility and suitability of
designation of one or more of the routes as
components of the California National Historic
Trail.
(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied
under subparagraph (A) shall include the
following:
(i) Missouri valley routes.--
(I) Blue Mills-Independence
Road.
(II) Westport Landing Road.
(III) Westport-Lawrence Road.
(IV) For Leavenworth-Blue
River route.
(V) Road to Amazonia.
(VI) Union Ferry Route.
(VII) Old Wyoming-Nebraska
City cutoff.
(VIII) Lower Plattsmouth
Route.
(IX) Lower Bellevue Route.
(X) Woodbury cutoff.
(XI) Blue Ridge cutoff.
(XII) Westport Road.
(XIII) Gum Springs-Fort
Leavenworth route.
(XIV) Atchison/Independence
Creek routes.
(XV) Fort Leavenworth-Kansas
River route.
(XVI) Nebraska City cutoff
routes.
(XVII) Minersville Nebraska
City Road.
(XVIII) Upper Plattsmouth
route.
(XIX) Upper Bellevue route.
(ii) Central routes.--
(I) Cherokee Trail, including
splits.
(II) Weber Canyon route of
Hastings cutoff.
(III) Bishop Creek cutoff.
(IV) McAuley cutoff.
(V) Diamond Springs cutoff.
(VI) Secret Pass.
(VII) Greenhorn cutoff.
(VIII) Central Overland
Trail.
(iii) Western routes.--
(I) Bidwell-Bartleson route.
(II) Georgetown/Dagget Pass
Trail.
(III) Big Trees Road.
(IV) Grizzly Flat cutoff.
(V) Nevada City Road.
(VI) Yreka Trail.
(VII) Henness Pass route.
(VIII) Johnson cutoff.
(IX) Luther Pass Trail.
(X) Volcano Road.
(XI) Sacramento-Coloma Wagon
Road.
(XII) Burnett cutoff.
(XIII) Placer County Road to
Auburn.
(5) Mormon pioneer national historic trail.--
(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the
Interior shall undertake a study of the routes
of the Mormon Pioneer Trail listed in
subparagraph (B) and generally depicted on the
map entitled ``Western Emigrant Trails 1830/
1870'' and dated 1991/1993, and of such other
routes of the Mormon Pioneer Trail that the
Secretary considers appropriate, to determine
the feasibility and suitability of designation
of one or more of the routes as components of
the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail.
(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied
under subparagraph (A) shall include the
following:
(i) 1846 Subsequent routes A and B
(Lucas and Clarke Counties, Iowa).
(ii) 1856-57 Handcart route (Iowa
City to Council Bluffs)
(iii) Keokuk route (Iowa).
(iv) 1847 Alternative Elkhorn and
Loup River Crossings in Nebraska.
(v) Fort Leavenworth Road; Ox Bow
route and alternates in Kansas and
Missouri (Oregon and California Trail
routes used by Mormon emigrants).
(vi) 1850 Golden Pass Road in Utah.
(6) Shared california and oregon trail routes.--
(A) Study required.--The Secretary of the
Interior shall undertake a study of the shared
routes of the California Trail and Oregon Trail
listed in subparagraph (B) and generally
depicted on the map entitled ``Western Emigrant
Trails 1830/1870'' and dated 1991/1993, and of
such other shared routes that the Secretary
considers appropriate, to determine the
feasibility and suitability of designation of
one or more of the routes as shared components
of the California National Historic Trail and
the Oregon National Historic Trail.
(B) Covered routes.--The routes to be studied
under subparagraph (A) shall include the
following:
(i) St. Joe Road.
(ii) Council Bluffs Road.
(iii) Sublette cutoff.
(iv) Applegate route.
(v) Old Fort Kearny Road (Oxbow
Trail).
(vi) Childs cutoff.
(vii) Raft River to Applegate.