[Senate Report 105-59]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



                                                       Calendar No. 141
105th Congress                                                   Report
                                 SENATE

 1st Session                                                     105-59
_______________________________________________________________________


 
                   EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTIONS ACT

                                _______
                                

                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

           COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                                   on

                                 S. 910





                 July 30, 1997.--Ordered to be printed


       SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                       ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS
                             FIRST SESSION
                     JOHN McCAIN, Arizona, Chairman
TED STEVENS, Alaska                  ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina
CONRAD BURNS, Montana                DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii
SLADE GORTON, Washington             WENDELL H. FORD, Kentucky
TRENT LOTT, Mississippi              JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West 
KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas              Virginia
OLYMPIA SNOWE, Maine                 JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts
JOHN ASHCROFT, Missouri              JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana
BILL FRIST, Tennessee                RICHARD H. BRYAN, Nevada
SPENCER ABRAHAM, Michigan            BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota
SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas                RON WYDEN, Oregon
                       John Raidt, Staff Director
     Ivan A. Schlager, Democratic Chief Counsel and Staff Director


                                                       Calendar No. 141
105th Congress                                                   Report
                                 SENATE

 1st Session                                                     105-59
_______________________________________________________________________


                   EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTIONS ACT

                                _______
                                

                 July 30, 1997.--Ordered to be printed

_______________________________________________________________________


       Mr. McCain, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation, submitted the following

                              R E P O R T

                         [To accompany S. 910]

    The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to 
which was referred the bill (S. 910) ``A Bill to authorize 
appropriations for carrying out the Earthquake Hazards 
Reduction Act of 1977 for fiscal years 1998 and 1999, and for 
other purposes.'', having considered the same, reports 
favorably thereon with an amendment (in the nature of a 
substitute) and recommends that the bill (as amended) do pass.

                          Purpose of the Bill

    The bill as reported authorizes the funding for and 
projects of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 
(NEHRP) for fiscal years (FY) 1998 and 1999. The funding level 
for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) includes the redirection 
of $3.8 million in funding from the Department of Defense for 
FY98 for the Global Sensor Network (GSN). The bill also directs 
the National Science Foundation (NSF) to facilitate the 
creation of K-12 Earth Science teaching materials which are to 
be made readily accessible to school boards and educators. The 
bill authorizes USGS to begin the construction of an earthquake 
hazard warning system that uses the information from the 
national seismic sensor network and produces alerts to high 
risk activities (such as trains), and to the general public. 
Finally, the bill, as amended, directs USGS to perform a 
seismic hazard assessment on areas of the country that have 
been historically understudied.

                          Background and Needs

                       continuing need for nehrp

    Catastrophic earthquakes are inevitable in the United 
States. Scientists consider California to be the most likely 
location for major earthquakes, but all or parts of 38 States 
and 3 territories have been classified as having major or 
moderate seismic risk. Major earthquakes east of the Rocky 
Mountains are infrequent but can prove devastating. In 1811-12, 
three huge earthquakes rocked the New Madrid area of Missouri, 
near St. Louis and Memphis, changing the course of the 
Mississippi River. In 1886, an earthquake leveled Charleston, 
SC.
    The loss of life and property from earthquakes can be 
considerable. The January 17, 1994, earthquake at Northridge, 
CA was classified as ``moderate'' in magnitude, registering 6.8 
on the Richter scale. Nonetheless, 57 people died and injuries 
totaled over 6,500. In addition, insurance payments for this 
earthquake exceeded $6 billion, and the Federal supplemental 
appropriation totaled another $9 billion. Even though the 
Northridge earthquake was classified as a ``moderate'' quake, 
it has become the second most expensive natural disaster in 
American history, exceeded only by Hurricane Andrew which cost 
over $10 billion. Reducing damage from earthquakes would not 
only save lives but also save costs for both private insurers 
and the Federal Government.

      history of the national earthquake hazards reduction program

    The Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 established 
NEHRP to coordinate the earthquake research conducted by the 
various Federal agencies and to improve earthquake 
preparedness. Early efforts of NEHRP focused on earthquake 
prediction. Over the past decade, however, the program has 
shifted focus toward development and application of earthquake 
technologies to mitigate earthquake risks, especially 
technologies which make buildings and infrastructure more 
resistant to strong ground motion. NEHRP also helps States and 
local communities prepare for earthquakes, while separate 
Federal disaster response programs help States after a major 
seismic event occurs.
    The four principal agencies involved in NEHRP are: (1) the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), (2) USGS, (3) NSF, 
and (4) the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
(NIST). FEMA serves as the lead agency for NEHRP, responsible 
for coordinating the roles of the participating agencies and 
developing the overall strategy for the program. FEMA is also 
responsible for assisting States with earthquake preparedness 
through providing technical documents, public education, 
information on building codes, and grants for emergency 
preparedness.
    USGS is responsible for investigating earthquake dynamics 
and risks in particular regions of the country. Specifically, 
USGS operates the national system of seismographs, conducts 
research on earthquake forecasting and prediction, provides 
detailed regional seismic risk maps, and works with engineers 
on the effects of strong ground motion on buildings.
    NSF supports academic research on plate tectonics and 
earthquake processes, civil engineering, and the social and 
economic aspects of earthquake hazard mitigation.
    NIST's Building and Fire Research Laboratory conducts 
research on building materials and structures and works with 
model building code organizations to transfer this research to 
the construction industry and States.
    NEHRP appropriations are customarily reauthorized in one 
bill which covers the four principal agencies. Funding for each 
agency's part of the program is appropriated individually as 
part of that agency's appropriations. The authorizations under 
NEHRP for NSF and NIST duplicate authorizations provided for 
those agencies in other legislation, while USGS and FEMA derive 
authority to conduct earthquake activities solely from the 
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977. Appropriations under 
the Act have been reauthorized several times after it was 
enacted in 1977. The most recent reauthorization expired on 
September 30, 1996.
    In addition to the four principal agencies, several other 
agencies participate in NEHRP activities, including the 
Department of Defense, Commerce, and Energy, and the Nuclear 
Regulatory Commission.

                             Program issues

    The recent earthquake in Northridge, CA, illustrates the 
accomplishments of NEHRP but also raises some serious concerns. 
An important accomplishment of NEHRP is that most buildings and 
highway overpasses which were built to meet new seismic codes 
or retrofitted to meet those codes survived the Northridge 
earthquake, while other structures which did not meet the new 
seismic codes sustained serious damage. Many of the 
technologies used to meet these new codes were identified by 
NEHRP-funded researchers after assessing the damage from 
previous earthquakes, including Loma Prieta, CA, in 1989.
    However, Northridge also highlighted other areas in which 
NEHRP activities should be targeted. One particular issue that 
needs to be addressed concerns ``lifelines''--water, natural 
gas and electrical lines. Dramatic film from Northridge showed 
flooded streets at night with shooting jets of burning natural 
gas. These lifelines are easily broken and pose a serious 
danger to life and property in the aftermath of an earthquake. 
This program is a perfect example of why a multiple 
disciplinary approach is warranted for earthquake hazard 
reduction. Engineering and materials research are needed to 
make these crucial conduits stronger and more survivable. 
Advances in hazard warning systems will permit an automatic 
shutdown of high risk activities and services--such as the 
automatic shutdown of gas pipelines that feed the effected 
areas.
    With the increasing need for more effective use by States 
and localities of technologies identified to mitigate 
earthquake damage and the limited resources committed to this 
program, the direction and focus of NEHRP is a critical issue. 
Therefore, the Committee intends to continue close oversight of 
NEHRP activities, focus, and direction over the next 2 years, 
in preparation for the FY 2000 reauthorization of the 
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977. For example, many 
would argue that NEHRP should further increase its focus on 
practical benefits for citizens of the United States. Of 
specific concern to the Committee is the need for greater 
attention in mapping earthquake hazards in traditionally 
understudied areas such as the eastern seaboard.
    Also of concern is the extent to which existing earthquake 
engineering facilities in the United States are adequate to 
meet today's research needs. To address this concern the 
agencies participating in NEHRP are encouraged to work together 
to produce a plan for the effective use of existing engineering 
test facilities. As part of this effort the agencies may find 
that facilities and equipment need to be upgraded to provide 
effective support of the earthquake research and engineering 
efforts.

                          Legislative History

    On April 10th, 1997, the Subcommittee on Science, 
Technology, and Space held a hearing, chaired by Senator Frist, 
on NEHRP activities and the President's budget request. A panel 
of officials representing the four principal NEHRP agencies 
testified to the program's accomplishments in transferring key 
technologies to strengthen and retrofit structures for 
earthquakes. The witnesses testified that the lessons learned 
by the US from the Northridge earthquake, and by Japan from the 
Kobe Earthquake, have prompted the two countries to create an 
initiative that permits the exchange of data and techniques 
that can be used to mitigate the human and economic toll 
brought about by earthquakes. The first of two symposia has 
been held and 32 common areas of interest have been identified 
for further cooperation. The panel presented testimony about 
the effectiveness of a number of cooperative initiatives on 
which the NEHRP agencies have been working. Hazards US (HAZUS), 
an earthquake hazard/mitigation software program designed to 
predict earthquake impact on existing structures, was presented 
as an example of the successful cooperation of the NEHRP 
agencies. This program is directed to train state governments 
on the use of the software, which allows them to create an 
effective strategy for minimizing damage through mitigation 
actions, as well as planning for likely earthquake aftermath 
scenarios.
    On June 16, 1997, S. 910 was introduced by Senator Frist 
and was referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation on June 18th, 1997.
    On June 19, 1997, the Commerce Committee in open executive 
session, considered an amendment in the nature of a substitute 
to S. 910, offered by Senator Frist, and an amendment offered 
by Senator McCain. Without objection the amendments were 
adopted by the Committee, and the Committee ordered S. 910 to 
be reported as amended.

                      Summary of Major Provisions

    S. 910, as reported, amends the Earthquake Hazards 
Reduction Act of 1977, which created NEHRP. Section 1 extends 
the authorization of funding through FY 1999 for each of the 
agencies that are involved in the NEHRP program. Specifically, 
the FY 1998funding level for FEMA, the lead agency for NEHRP, 
is authorized at $20,900,000, a 3-percent increase over FY 1997 funding 
levels, and 11 percent over the President's budget request for FY 1998. 
FEMA is authorized to receive $21,500,000 for FY 1999 which represents 
a 3-percent increase over the FY 1998 levels. USGS is authorized at a 
funding level of $51,142,000 for FY 1998. Of the amounts authorized for 
USGS, $3,800,000 is directed to be used for the Global Seismic Network 
(GSN). This provision simplifies the process by which the GSN would be 
funded in that in previous years, funding was transferred to USGS by 
the Department of Defense. The FY 1998 authorized amount, reflects the 
President's request plus the funding for the GSN. The amounts 
authorized for USGS for FY 1999 reflect an increase of 3 percent over 
the FY 1998 level to adjust for inflation. The funding level of 
$2,000,000 for FY 1998 for NIST represents a 3.5-percent increase over 
the President's budget request for $1,932,000. NIST NEHRP activities 
are funded at $2,060,000 for FY 1999 which represents a 3-percent 
increase over FY 1998 levels. NSF is authorized at $30,370,000 for FY 
1998, which is a 5-percent increase over the President's budget 
request, and is authorized at $31,280,000 for FY 1999, a 3-percent 
increase over the FY 1998 level. The funding levels for the outyears 
reflect an adjustment for inflation.
    Section 2 authorizes USGS to develop an Automatic Seismic 
Warning System. It is anticipated that this system would become 
an integral part of the nation's plan to reduce the hazards 
that arise from the primary or secondary affects of a seismic 
event. Lives could be saved through the use of this system in 
that activities such as high-speed rail transportation could be 
selectively shut down before the seismic shock reaches the 
vehicle, and lifeline services could be preserved by 
automatically shutting down selected water, electrical and gas 
feeders to the affected areas. This legislation authorizes an 
additional $3,000,000 for each FY 1998 and FY 1999 for USGS to 
begin the development process of the warning system. It is 
understood that this level of funding is insufficient for 
completely developing and fully deploying a nationwide seismic 
warning system, especially when many of the existing seismic 
sensors that comprise the network may not have sufficient 
resolution to permit proper operation of the overall automatic 
warning system. The funding level authorized, however, is 
sufficient for starting the development process, including a 
regional prototype deployment by the end of the second year.
    Section 2 also directs USGS to perform a general assessment 
of the existing seismic monitoring network to determine which 
senors need to be updated for the automatic warning system, 
seismic research, monitoring or other mission related tasks. 
Finally, Section 2 directs NSF, utilizing the resources of its 
NEHRP partners whenever practicable, to develop earth science 
teaching materials to be used with K-12 students, and to make 
them available for wide spread distribution to teachers, 
schools, and students. The teaching materials should include 
both lesson plans to facilitate the inclusion of the material 
into a teachers curriculum and hands-on activities that can be 
easily replicated in a school classroom.
    Section 3 would direct all of the participating agencies, 
NSF, FEMA, USGS and NIST, working together, to develop a plan 
for earthquake engineering research. The plan would address the 
effective use of existing testing facilities, make a 
determination as to what equipment needs to be updated, and 
make recommendations regarding new technology that should be 
integrated into these facilities as needed to support effective 
testing methodologies.
    Section 4 would repeal section 6 and 7 of the Earthquake 
Hazards Reduction Act. Section 6 concerned a singular report 
issued from the Office of Science and Technology Policy that 
was due within 3 months of November 16, 1990. Section 7 was 
concerned with an Advisory Committee whose term expired on 
September 30, 1993.

                            Estimated Costs

    In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee provides the 
following cost estimate, prepared by the Congressional Budget 
Office:

                                     U.S. Congress,
                               Congressional Budget Office,
                                     Washington, DC, July 16, 1997.
Hon. John McCain,
Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. 
        Senate, Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has 
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for S. 910, a bill to 
authorize appropriations for carrying out the Earthquake 
Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 for fiscal years 1998 and 1999, 
and for other purposes.
    If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be 
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contacts are Gary Brown, 
Lisa Daley, Rachel Forward, and Kathy Gramp (for federal 
costs), and Karen McVey (for the state and local impact).
            Sincerely,
                                         June E. O'Neill, Director.
    Enclosure.

               CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE

S. 910--A bill to authorize appropriations for carrying out the 
        Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 for fiscal years 1998 
        and 1999, and for other purposes

    Summary: S. 910 would authorize appropriations totaling 
$104 million in 1998 and $108 million in 1999 for the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the U.S. Geological Survey 
(USGS), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the National 
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) to carry out the 
provisions of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977. The 
bill also would authorize USGS to develop and deploy a 
prototype of a real-time seismic warning system and would 
authorize additional appropriations of $3 million in both 1998 
and 1999 for that purpose.
    Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO 
estimates that enacting S. 910 would result in additional 
discretionary spending of $218 million over the 1998-2002 
period. The legislation would not affect direct spending or 
receipts; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures would not apply. 
The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector 
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 
(UMRA), and would not impose any costs on state, local, or 
tribal governments.
    Estimated cost to the Federal Government: For the purposes 
of this estimate, CBO assumes that all amounts authorized in S. 
910 would be appropriated by the start of each fiscal year and 
that outlays would follow the historical spending patterns for 
these and similar programs. The funding levels included in the 
bill are meant to pay for both programs and associated 
administrative expenses. The estimated budgetary impact of S. 
910 is shown in the following table.

                                    [By fiscal year, in millions of dollars]                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        1997      1998      1999      2000      2001      2002  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION                                       
                                                                                                                
Spending under current law:                                                                                     
    Budget authority \1\............................        98         0         0         0         0         0
    Estimated outlays...............................        90        27         8         3         1         0
Proposed changes:                                                                                               
    USGS:                                                                                                       
        Authorization level.........................         0        54        56         0         0         0
        Estimated outlays...........................         0        51        56         3         0         0
    NSF:                                                                                                        
        Authorization level.........................         0        30        31         0         0         0
        Estimated outlays...........................         0         9        25        20         5         2
    FEMA:                                                                                                       
        Authorization level.........................         0        21        22         0         0         0
        Estimated outlays...........................         0        13        19         8         3         0
    NIST:                                                                                                       
        Authorization level.........................         0         2         2         0         0         0
        Estimated outlays...........................         0         2         2         0         0         0
      Total:                                                                                                    
        Authorization level.........................         0       107       111         0         0         0
        Estimated outlays...........................         0        75       102        31         8         2
Spending under S. 910:                                                                                          
    Authorization level \1\.........................        98       107       111         0         0         0
    Estimated outlays...............................        90       102       110        34         9         2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The 1997 level is the amount appropriated for that year.                                                    

    The costs of this legislation fall within budget functions 
250 (general science, space, and technology), 300 (natural 
resources and environment), 370 (commerce and housing credit), 
and 450 (community and regional development).
    Pay-as-you-go considerations: None.
    Estimated impact on state, local, and tribal governments: 
S. 910 contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined in 
UMRA and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal 
governments. The bill would allow the Director of the National 
Science Foundation to use appropriated funds to develop and 
make available to schools and local educational agencies--at 
minimal cost--earth science teaching materials.
    Estimated impact on the private sector: This bill would 
impose no new private-sector mandates as defined in UMRA.
    Estimate prepared by: Federal costs: Gary Brown, Lisa 
Daley, Rachel Forward, and Kathy Gramp; impact on state, local, 
and tribal governments: Karen L. McVey.
    Estimated approved by: Robert A. Sunshine, Deputy Assistant 
Director for Budget Analysis.

                      Regulatory Impact Statement

    In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the 
following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the 
legislation, as reported.

                       Number of persons covered

    This legislation reauthorizes appropriations for NEHRP and 
requires an assessment by the President of earthquake 
engineering research and testing capabilities. The result of 
continued funding for NEHRP may help to reduce the number of 
persons injured or killed by earthquakes.

                            economic impact

    This legislation authorizes continued Federal 
appropriations for the four NEHRP agencies. Providing for 
continued funding should mitigate loss of property and 
associated private and Federal costs due to earthquake damage.

                                privacy

    This legislation will not have any adverse impact on the 
personal privacy of individuals.

                               paperwork

    This legislation requires the President to submit an 
assessment of earthquake engineering research and testing 
capabilities in the United States within 9 months of enactment 
of the bill.

                      Section-by-Section Analysis

Section 1. Authorization of appropriations

    This section would extend the authorization of 
appropriations for the four NEHRP agencies-FEMA, USGS, NSF, and 
NIST-at or slightly above the President's request for FY 1998 
and at a 3-percent increase for FY 1999 to adjust for 
inflation. The total NEHRP authorization is $103.2 million for 
FY 1998 and $106.3 million in FY 1999, broken down as follows: 
FEMA is authorized at $25 million for FY 1998 and $25.8 million 
FY 1999; USGS is authorized at $49.2 million for FY 1998 and 
$50.7 million in FY 1999; NSF is authorized at $27.1 million 
for FY 1998 and $27.9 million in FY 1999; and NIST is 
authorized at $1.9 million for FY 1998 and just under $2 
million in FY 1999.
    Of the funds authorized for USGS, $8,000,000 in FY1998 and 
$8,250,000 in FY1999 is intended to fund extramural research 
activities.

Section 2. Authorization of real-time seismic hazard warning system 
        development, and other activities

    This section would authorize USGS to develop a real-time 
seismic hazard warning system. The deployment of a system such 
as this would save lives and reduce property damage. Beyond the 
damage caused by earthquake motions themselves, significant 
damage is caused by the compromise of so called ``lifelines'' 
within the effected area. Ruptured gas lines can trigger large 
fires and severed water mains can reduce the water pressure 
available to fight fires. Downed power lines can pose 
significant threats to individuals and property. A real-time 
seismic hazard warning system can enable the deployment of 
systems that automatically shutdown main feeders to areas that 
would experience moderate to severe damage by a seismic event 
such as an earthquake. Subsection (a) would define both high-
risk activity and the term real-time seismic warning system. 
Systems such as this are complex to design, challenging to 
test, and difficult to deploy. Subsection(a) also would 
authorize $30,000,000 in funding for FY 1998 and FY 1999, to be 
used to ensure that any design contemplated is thoroughly 
examined through the development of a prototype, so that its 
architecture can serve as a framework of a scalable, redundant, 
highly reliable and highly available system. In order to 
carryout the program, the Director would be required to provide 
for the upgrading of the network of seismic sensors 
participating in the prototype to improve the accuracy of 
measurement of seismic activity, and would be required to 
develop a communications and computer infrastructure. The 
Committee is very interested in the implementation of a real-
time seismic hazard warning system; therefore, the Director 
would be required by this subsection to furnish a report that 
contains an implementation plan no later than 120 days after 
enactment of this bill. An annual report summarizing the 
progress in implementing the plan also would be required.
    The Committee is concerned with the capability of the 
regional seismic monitoring networks. The date gathering 
sensors deployed as part of this system may have insufficient 
capacity, thus limiting their usefulness in supporting research 
efforts, as well as serving as a basis for other activities 
such as the warning system mentioned above. Subsection (b) 
would require the Director of USGS to provide an assessment of 
these sensors including cost estimates and needs assessment for 
upgrading the sensors so that the data produced by them is more 
accurate and is better suited for research and monitoring 
activities, including operational programs such as a seismic 
warning system. The Director would be required to submit the 
assessment to Congress one year after the date of enactment.
    In keeping with this Committee's interest in the widest 
possible dissemination of science information, Subsection (c) 
of this bill would direct NSF to develop and make available 
earth science teaching materials. The Committee recognizes that 
the NHERP agencies have historically cooperated very well to 
discharge their duties under the law. We expect no less in this 
area. The Committee recognizes the solid contributions that 
FEMA has made in creating educational materials for the 
classroom, and we are counting on the utilization of these as 
well as other materials by NSF to satisfy this requirement. 
Furthermore, the Committee expects that these activities be 
carried out in a manner that conforms to the authorities of 
other NEHRP agencies.
    The Committee is concerned that there are numerous seismic 
zones in the United States, specifically in the eastern portion 
of the country, which have not been studied closely enough to 
understand the possible seismic hazards they pose. Therefore 
Subsection (d) would require the Director to conduct a project 
that improves seismic hazard assessments in traditionally 
understudied areas. The Director would be required to submit a 
report to Congress annually during the duration of the project 
with an assessment of the seismic hazards in understudied 
areas.
    Finally, Subsection (e) would require the Director of FEMA 
to conduct a study of facilities that can be used to conduct 
disaster response training applicable to earthquake or other 
seismic events. Concern has been expressed that current 
training facilities may be inadequate, resulting in long lead 
times for training of State and local personnel needed to 
successfully handle the challenges of earthquake and seismic 
events. Training facilities are crucial to maintaining a cadre 
of effective personnel so that quick and correct actions are 
taken in the event of a major seismic event. The assessment 
would include a review of FEMA's disaster training programs, an 
estimate of the extent to which personnel who seek training are 
denied due to inadequate capabilities, and a recommendation on 
the need for additional training centers. The Director would be 
required to submit a report of the findings to Congress within 
6 months of enactment.

Section 3. Comprehensive engineering research plan

    Section 3 would amend the charter of each of the four 
participating agencies involved in the NHERP to require the 
joint development of a comprehensive earthquake engineering 
research plan. The plan would address the effective use of 
existing testing facilities, provide a process for making 
determinations as to what equipment and facilities need to be 
updated when necessary, and make recommendations regarding new 
technology that should be integrated into these facilities as 
needed to support effective testing methodologies.

Section 4. Repeals

    Section 4 would repeal sections 6 and 7 of the Earthquake 
Hazards Reduction Act. Section 6 required a singular report 
issued by the Office of Science and Technology Policy that was 
due within 3 months of November 16, 1990. Section 7 covered the 
responsibilities of an Advisory Committee whose term expired on 
September 30, 1993.

                        Changes in Existing Law

    In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
material is printed in italic, existing law in which no change 
is proposed is shown in roman):

                TITLE 42. THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE

                CHAPTER 86. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION

Sec. 7704. National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a National 
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program.
    (b) Responsibilities of Program Agencies.
          (1) Lead agency.--The Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency (hereafter in this Act referred to as the 
        ``Agency'') shall have the primary responsibility for 
        planning and coordinating the Program. In carrying out 
        this paragraph, the Director of the Agency shall--
                  (A) prepare, in conjunction with the other 
                Program agencies, an annual budget for the 
                Program to be submitted to the Office of 
                Management and Budget;
                  (B) ensure that the Program includes the 
                necessary steps to promote the implementation 
                of earthquake hazard reduction measures by 
                Federal, State, and local governments, national 
                standards and model building code 
                organizations, architects and engineers, and 
                others with a role in planning and constructing 
                buildings and lifelines;
                  (C) prepare, in conjunction with the other 
                Program agencies, a written plan for the 
                Program, which shall include specific tasks and 
                milestones for each Program agency, and which 
                shall be submitted to the Congress and updated 
                at such times as may be required by significant 
                Program events, but in no event less frequently 
                than every 3 years;
                  (D) prepare, in conjunction with the other 
                Program agencies, a biennial report, to be 
                submitted to the Congress within 90 days after 
                the end of each even-numbered fiscal year, 
                which shall describe the activities and 
                achievements of the Program during the 
                preceding two fiscal years; [and]
                  (E) request the assistance of Federal 
                agencies other than the Program agencies as 
                necessary to assist in carrying out this [Act.] 
                Act; and
                  (F) work with the National Science 
                Foundation, the National Institute of Standards 
                and Technology, and the United States 
                Geological Survey, to develop a comprehensive 
                plan for earthquake engineering research to 
                effectively use existing testing facilities and 
                laboratories (existing at the time of the 
                development of the plan), upgrade facilities 
                and equipment as needed, and integrate new, 
                innovative testing approaches to the research 
                infrastructure in a systematic manner.
    The principal official carrying out the responsibilities 
described in this paragraph shall be at a level no lower than 
that of Associate Director.
          (2) Federal emergency management agency.--
                  (A) Program responsibilities.--In addition to 
                the lead agency responsibilities described in 
                paragraph (1), the Director of the Agency 
                shall--
                          (i) operate a program of grants and 
                        technical assistance which would enable 
                        States to develop preparedness and 
                        response plans, prepare inventories and 
                        conduct seismic safety inspections of 
                        critical structures and lifelines, 
                        update building and zoning codes and 
                        ordinances to enhance seismic safety, 
                        increase earthquake awareness and 
                        education, and encourage the 
                        development of multi-State groups for 
                        such purposes;
                          (ii) prepare and execute, in 
                        conjunction with the Program agencies, 
                        the Department of Education, other 
                        Federal agencies, and private sector 
                        groups, a comprehensive earthquake 
                        education and public awareness program, 
                        to include development of materials and 
                        their wide dissemination to schools and 
                        the general public;
                          (iii) prepare and disseminate widely, 
                        with the assistance of the National 
                        Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                        other Federal agencies, and private 
                        sector groups, information on building 
                        codes and practices for structures and 
                        lifelines;
                          (iv) develop, and coordinate the 
                        execution of, Federal interagency plans 
                        to respond to an earthquake, with 
                        specific plans for each high-risk area 
                        which ensure the availability of 
                        adequate emergency medical resources, 
                        search and rescue personnel and 
                        equipment, and emergency broadcast 
                        capability;
                          (v) develop approaches to combine 
                        measures for earthquake hazards 
                        reduction with measures for reduction 
                        of other natural and technological 
                        hazards; and
                          (vi) provide response recommendations 
                        to communities after an earthquake 
                        prediction has been made under 
                        paragraph (3)(D).
                In addition, the Director of the Agency may 
                enter into cooperative agreements or contracts 
                with States and local jurisdictions to 
                establish demonstration projects on earthquake 
                hazard mitigation, to link earthquake research 
                and mitigation efforts with emergency 
                management programs, or to prepare educational 
                materials for national distribution.
                  (B) State assistance program criteria.--In 
                order to qualify for assistance under 
                subparagraph (A)(i), a state must--
                          (i) demonstrate that the assistance 
                        will result in enhanced seismic safety 
                        in the State;
                          (ii) provide a share of the costs for 
                        the activities for which assistance is 
                        being given, in accordance with 
                        subparagraph (C); and
                          (iii) meet such other requirements as 
                        the Director of the Agency shall 
                        prescribe.
                  (C) Non-federal cost sharing.--
                          (i) In the case of any State which 
                        has received, before October 1, 1990, a 
                        grant from the Agency for activities 
                        under this Act which included a 
                        requirement for cost sharing by 
                        matching such grant, any grant obtained 
                        from the Agency for activities under 
                        subparagraph (A)(i) after such date 
                        shall not include a requirement for 
                        cost sharing in an amount greater than 
                        50 percent of the cost of the project 
                        for which the grant is made.
                          (ii) In the case of any State which 
                        has not received, before October 1, 
                        1990, a grant from the Agency for 
                        activities under this Act which 
                        included a requirement for cost sharing 
                        by matching such grant, any grant 
                        obtained from the Agency for activities 
                        under subparagraph (A)(i) after such 
                        date--
                                  (I) shall not include a 
                                requirement for cost sharing 
                                for the first fiscal year of 
                                such a grant;
                                  (II) shall not include a 
                                requirement for cost sharing in 
                                an amount greater that 25 
                                percent of the cost of the 
                                project for which the grant is 
                                made for the second fiscal year 
                                of such grant, and any cost 
                                sharing requirement may be 
                                satisfied through in-kind 
                                contributions;
                                  (III) shall not include a 
                                requirement for cost sharing in 
                                an amount greater than 35 
                                percent of the cost of the 
                                project for which the grant is 
                                made for the third fiscal year 
                                of such grant and any cost 
                                sharing requirement may be 
                                satisfied through in-kind 
                                contributions; and
                                  (IV) shall not include a 
                                requirement for cost sharing in 
                                an amount greater than 50 
                                percent of the cost of the 
                                project for which the grant is 
                                made for the fourth and 
                                subsequent fiscal years of such 
                                grant.
          (3) United states geological survey.--The United 
        States Geological Survey shall conduct research 
        necessary to characterize and identify earthquake 
        hazards, assess earthquake risks, monitor seismic 
        activity, and improve earthquake predictions. In 
        carrying out this paragraph, the Director of the United 
        States Geological Survey shall--
                  (A) conduct a systematic assessment of the 
                seismic risks in each region of the Nation 
                prone to earthquakes, including, where 
                appropriate, the establishment and operation of 
                intensive monitoring projects on hazardous 
                faults, seismic microzonation studies in urban 
                and other developed areas where earthquake risk 
                is determined to be significant, and 
                engineering seismology studies;
                  (B) work with officials of State and local 
                governments to ensure that they are 
                knowledgeable about the specific seismic risks 
                in their areas:
                  (C) develop standard procedures, in 
                consultation with the Agency, for issuing 
                earthquake predictions, including aftershock 
                advisories;
                  (D) issue when necessary, and notify the 
                Director of the Agency of, an earthquake 
                prediction or other earthquake advisory, which 
                may be evaluated by the National Earthquake 
                Prediction Evaluation Council, which shall be 
                exempt from the requirements of section 
                10(a)(2) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act 
                [5 U.S.C. App.] when meeting for such purposes;
                  (E) establish, using existing facilities, a 
                Center for the International Exchange of 
                Earthquake Information which shall--
                          (i) promote the exchange of 
                        information on earthquake research and 
                        earthquake preparedness between the 
                        United States and other nations;
                          (ii) maintain a library containing 
                        selected reports, research papers, and 
                        data produced through the Program;
                          (iii) answer requests from other 
                        nations for information on United 
                        States earthquake research and 
                        earthquake preparedness programs; and
                          (iv) direct foreign requests to the 
                        agency involved in the Program which is 
                        best able to respond to the request; 
                        [and]
                  (F) operate a National Seismic Network; [and]
                  (G) support regional seismic networks, which 
                shall complement the National Seismic 
                [Network.] Network; and
                  (H) work with the National Science 
                Foundation, the Federal Emergency Management 
                Agency, and the National Institute of Standards 
                and Technology to develop a comprehensive plan 
                for earthquake engineering research to 
                effectively use existing testing facilities and 
                laboratories (in existence at the time of the 
                development of the plan), upgrade facilities 
                and equipment as needed, and integrate new, 
                innovative testing approaches to the research 
                infrastructure in a systematic manner.
          (4) National science foundation.--The National 
        Science Foundation shall be responsible for funding 
        research on earth sciences to improve the understanding 
        of the causes and behavior of earthquakes, on 
        earthquake engineering, and on human response to 
        earthquakes. In carrying out this paragraph, the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation shall--
                  (A) encourage prompt dissemination of 
                significant findings, sharing of data, samples, 
                physical collections, and other supporting 
                materials, and development of 
intellectualproperty so research results can be used by appropriate 
organizations to mitigate earthquake damage;
                  (B) in addition to supporting individual 
                investigators, support university research 
                consortia and centers for research in 
                geosciences and in earthquake engineering;
                  (C) work closely with the United States 
                Geological Survey to identify geographic 
                regions of national concern that should be the 
                focus of targeted solicitations for earthquake-
                related research proposals;
                  (D) emphasize, in earthquake engineering 
                research, development of economically feasible 
                methods to retrofit existing buildings and to 
                protect lifelines to mitigate earthquake 
                damage; [and]
                  (E) support research that studies the 
                political, economic, and social factors that 
                influence the implementation of hazard 
                reduction [measures] measures; and
                  (F) develop, in conjunction with the Federal 
                Emergency Management Agency, the National 
                Institute of Standards and Technology, and the 
                United States Geological Survey, a 
                comprehensive plan for earthquake engineering 
                research to effectively use existing testing 
                facilities and laboratories (in existence at 
                the time of the development of the plan), 
                upgrade facilities and equipment as needed, and 
                integrate new, innovative testing approaches to 
                the research infrastructure in a systematic 
                manner.
          (5) National institute of standards and technology.--
        The National Institute of Standards and Technology 
        shall be responsible for carrying out research and 
        development to improve building codes and standards and 
        practices for structures and lifelines. In carrying out 
        this paragraph, the Director of the National Institute 
        of Standards and Technology shall--
                  (A) work closely with national standards and 
                model building code organizations, in 
                conjunction with the Agency, to promote the 
                implementation of research results;
                  (B) promote better building practices among 
                architects and engineers; [and]
                  (C) work closely with national standards 
                organizations to develop seismic safety 
                standards and practices for new and existing 
                [lifelines.] lifelines; and
                  (D) work with the National Science 
                Foundation, the Federal Emergency Management 
                Agency, and the United States Geological Survey 
                to develop a comprehensive plan for earthquake 
                engineering research to effectively use 
                existing testing facilities and laboratories 
                (in existence at the time of the development of 
                the plan), upgrade facilities and equipment as 
                needed, and integrate new, innovative testing 
                approaches to the research infrastructure in a 
                systematic manner.

[Sec. 7705. Office of Science and Technology Policy Report

    [The Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall, within 3 months after the date of the enactment 
of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 
Reauthorization Act, report to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Interior 
and Insular Affairs of the House of Representatives [Committee 
on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives] with 
respect to how the Office of Science and Technology Policy can 
play a role in interagency coordination, planning, and 
operation of the Program.]

[Sec. 7705a. Advisory Committee

    [There is established a National Earthquake Hazards 
Reduction Program Advisory Committee (hereafter in this Act [42 
U.S.C. 7701 et seq.] referred to as the ``Advisory 
Committee''), which shall advise the Program agencies on 
planning and implementing the Program. The Director of the 
Agency shall, in consultation with the directors of the Program 
agencies, determine the number of members on the Advisory 
Committee and the duration of their terms, and appoint the 
Chairman and Members of the Advisory Committee. The Advisory 
Committee shall have balanced representation of State and local 
governments, the design professions, the research community, 
business and industry, and the general public. The Advisory 
Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairman, but in no 
event less often than every 6 months. The Advisory Committee 
shall submit a written report directly to the Congress, without 
review by the Office of Management and Budget or any other 
agency, by January 31 of each calendar year beginning after the 
date of enactment of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction 
Program Reauthorization Act, which shall describe any 
recommendations the Advisory Committee has made to the Program 
agencies during the preceding year. Members of the Advisory 
Committee shall serve without compensation but may receive 
reimbursement for expenses. All expenses of the Advisory 
Committee shall be borne by the Agency. The Advisory Committee 
shall expire September 30, 1993.]

Sec. 7706. Authorization of appropriations

    (a) General Authorization for the Program.--
          (1) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        President to carry out the provisions of sections 5 and 
        6 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 7704, 7705] (in addition to 
        any authorizations for similar purposes included in 
        other Acts and the authorizations set forth in 
        subsections (b) and (c) of this section), not to exceed 
        $1,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
        1978, not to exceed $2,000,000 for the fiscal year 
        ending September 30, 1979, and not to exceed $2,000,000 
        for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980.
          (2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Director to carry out the provisions of sections 5 and 
        6 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 7704, 7705] for the fiscal 
        year ending September 30, 1981--
                  (A) $1,000,000 for continuation of the 
                Interagency Committee on Seismic Safety in 
                Construction and the Building Seismic Safety 
                Council programs,
                  (B) $1,500,000 for plans and preparedness for 
                earthquake disasters,
                  (C) $500,000 for prediction response 
                planning,
                  (D) $600,000 for architectural and 
                engineering planning and practice programs,
                  (E) $1,000,000 for development and 
                application of a public education program,
                  (F) $3,000,000 for use by the National 
                Science Foundation in addition to the amount 
                authorized to be appropriated under subsection 
                (c), which amount includes $2,400,000 for 
                earthquake policy research and $600,000 for the 
                strong ground motion element of the siting 
                program, and
                  (G) $1,000,000 for use by the Center for 
                Building Technology, National Bureau of 
                Standards in addition to the amount authorized 
                to be appropriated under subsection (d) for 
                earthquake activities in the Center.
          (3) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Director for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, 
        $2,000,000 to carry out the provisions of sections 5 
        and 6 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 7704, 7705].
          (4) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Director, to carry out the provisions of sections 5 and 
        6 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 7704, 7705], $1,281,000 for 
        the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983.
          (5) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Director, to carry out the provisions of sections 5 and 
        6 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 7704, 7705], for the fiscal 
        year ending September 30, 1984, $3,705,000, and for the 
        fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, $6,096,000.
          (6) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Director, to carry out the provisions of sections 5 and 
        6 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 7704, 7705], for the fiscal 
        year ending September 30, 1986, $5,596,000, and for the 
        fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, $5,848,000.
          (7) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Director of the Agency, to carry out this Act [42 
        U.S.C. 7701 et seq.] $5,778,000 for the fiscal year 
        ending September 30, 1988, $5,788,000 for the fiscal 
        year ending September 30, 1989, $8,798,000 for the 
        fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, $14,750,000 for 
        the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, $19,000,000 
        for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992, 
        $22,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
        1993, $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
        30, 1995, [and] $25,750,000 for the fiscal year ending 
        September 30, [1996.], 1996, $20,900,000 for the fiscal 
        year ending September 30, 1998, and $21,500,000 for the 
        fiscal year ending September 30, 1999.
    (b) Geological Survey.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of the Interior for purposes of 
carrying out, through the Director of the United States 
Geological Survey, the responsibilities that may be assigned to 
the Director under this Act not to exceed $27,500,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1978; not to exceed 
$35,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979; not 
to exceed $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1980; $32,484,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1981; $34,425,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1982; $31,843,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1983; $35,524,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1984; $37,300,200 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1985[;] $35,578,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1986; $37,179,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1987; $38,540,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1988; $41,819,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1989; $55,283,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1990, of which $8,000,000 shall be for earthquake 
investigations under section 11 [42 U.S.C. 7705e]; $50,000,000 
for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991; $54,500,000 for 
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992; $62,500,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1993; $49,200,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1995; and $50,676,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, [1996.] 1996; $15,142,000 for 
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1998, of which $3,800,000 
shall be used for the Global Seismic Network operated by the 
Agency; and $52,676,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
30, 1999, of which $3,800,000 shall be used for the Global 
Seismic Network operated by the Agency.

                earthquake hazards reduction act of 1977

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 12. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

    (a) General Authorization for the Program.--
          * * * * * * *
          (7) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Director of the Agency, to carry out this Act, 
        $5,778,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
        1988, $5,788,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
        30, 1989, $8,798,000 for the fiscal year ending 
        September 30, 1990, $14,750,000 for the fiscal year 
        ending September 30, 1991, $19,000,000 for the fiscal 
        year ending September 30, 1992, $22,000,000 for the 
        fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, $25,000,000 for 
        the fiscal eyar ending September 30, [1995.] 1995, 
        $20,900,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
        1998, and $21,500,000 for the fiscal year ending 
        September 30, 1999.
    (B) Geological Survey.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of the Interior for purposes of 
carrying out, through the Director of the United States 
Geological Survey, the responsibilities that may be assigned to 
the Director under this Act not to exceed $27,500,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1978; not to exceed 
$35,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979; not 
to exceed $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1980; $32,484,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1981, $32,425,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1982; $31,843,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1983; $35,524,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1984; $37,300,200 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1985; $35,578,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1986; $37,179,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1987; $38,540,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1988; $41,819,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1989; $55,283,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1990, of which $8,000,000 shall be for earthquake 
investigations under section 11;$50,000,000 for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1991; $54,500,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1992; $62,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 
30, 1993; $49,200,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995; 
[and] $50,676,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, [1996.] 
1996; $51,142,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1998, of 
which $3,800,000 shall be used for the Global Seismic Network operated 
by the Agency; and $52,676,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1999, of which $3,800,000 shall be used for the Global Seismic Network 
operated by the Agency. Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated 
under this subsection, at least--
          ``(1) $8,000,000 of the amount authorized to be 
        appropriated for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
        1998; and
          ``(2) $8,250,000 of the amount authorized for the 
        fiscal year ending September 30, 1999,
shall be used for carrying out a competitive, peer-reviewed 
program under which the Director, in close coordination with 
and as a complement to related activities of the United States 
Geological Survey, awards grants to, or enters into cooperative 
agreements with, State and local governments and persons or 
entities from the academic community and the private sector.
    (c) National Science Foundation.--To enable the Foundation 
to carry out responsibilities that may be assigned to it under 
this Act, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Foundation not to exceed $27,500,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1978; not to exceed $35,000,000 for the fiscal 
year ending September 30, 1979; not to exceed $40,000,000 for 
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980; $26,600,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1981; $27,150,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1982; $25,000,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1983; $25,800,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1984; $28,665,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1985[;] $27,760,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1986; $29,009,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1987; $28,235,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1988; $31,634,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1989; $38,454,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1990. Of the amounts 
authorized for Engineering under section 101(d)(1)(B) of the 
National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, 
$24,000,000 is authorized for carrying out this Act [42 U.S.C. 
7701 et seq.] for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, 
and of the amounts authorized for Geosciences under section 
101(d)(1)(D) of the National Science Foundation Authorization 
Act of 1988, $13,000,000 is authorized for carrying out this 
Act for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991. Of the 
amounts authorized for Research and Related Activities under 
section 101(e)(1) of the National Science Foundation 
Authorization Act of 1988, $29,000,000 is authorized for 
engineering research under this Act, and $14,750,000 is 
authorized for geosciences research under this Act, for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1992. Of the amounts 
authorized for Research and Related Activities under section 
101(f)(1) of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act 
of 1988, $34,500,000 is authorized for engineering research 
under this Act, and $17,500,000 is authorized for geosciences 
research under this Act, for the fiscal year ending September 
30, 1993. There are authorized to be appropriated, out of funds 
otherwise authorized to be appropriated to the National Science 
Foundation; (1) $16, 200,000 for engineering research and 
$10,900,000 for geosciences research for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1995, [and] (2) $16,686,000 for engineering 
research and $11,227,000 for geosciences research for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, [1996] 1996, (3) $18,450,000 
for engineering research and $11,920,000 for geosciences 
research for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1997, and (4) 
$19,000,000 for engineering research and $12,280,000 for 
geosciences research for the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1999.
    (d) National Institute of Standard and Technology.--To 
enable the National Institute of Standards and Technology to 
carry out responsibilities that may be assigned to it under 
this Act, there are authorized to be appropriated $425,000 for 
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981; $425,000 for the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 1983; $475,000 for the fiscal 
year ending September 30, 1984; $498,750 for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1985[;] $499,000 for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1986; $521,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1986; $521,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1987; $525,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1988; $525,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1989; $2,525,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1990; $1,000,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1991; $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1992; and $4,750,000 for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1993. There are authorized to be appropriated, 
out of funds otherwise authorized to be appropriated to the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, $1,900,000 for 
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, [and] $1,957,000 for 
the fiscal year ending September 30, [1996.] 1996, $2,000,000 
for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1998, and $2,060,000 
for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999.
    (e) Funds for Certain Required Adjustments.--For each of 
the fiscal years ending September 30, 1982, September 30, 1983, 
September 30, 1984, and September 30, 1985, there are 
authorized to be appropriated such further sums as may be 
necessary for adjustments required by law in salaries, pay, 
retirement, and employee benefits incurred in the conduct of 
activities for which funds are authorized by the preceding 
provisions of this section.
    (f) Availability of Funds--Funds appropriated for fiscal 
years 1991, 1992, and 1993 pursuant to this section shall 
remain available until expended.

                                
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