[Senate Report 104-95]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



   104th Congress 1st            SENATE                 Report
         Session
                                                        104-95
_______________________________________________________________________



                                     

                                                       Calendar No. 123
 
              FOREIGN RELATIONS REVITALIZATION ACT OF 1995

                               __________



   Mr. Helms, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, submitted the 
                               following

                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

                     COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

                              to accompany

                                 S. 908



                             together with



                     ADDITIONAL AND MINORITY VIEWS




     June 9 (legislative day, June 5), 1995.--Ordered to be printed


   104th Congress 1st 
         Session                 SENATE                 Report
                                                        104-95
_______________________________________________________________________

                                     

                                                       Calendar No. 123

              FOREIGN RELATIONS REVITALIZATION ACT OF 1995

                               ----------                              

   Mr. Helms, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, submitted the 
                               following

                              R E P O R T

                                 of the

                     COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

                              to accompany

                                 S. 908

                             together with

                     ADDITIONAL AND MINORITY VIEWS




     June 9 (legislative day, June 5), 1995.--Ordered to be printed
FOREIGN RELATIONS REVITALIZATION ACT OF 1995
                                                       Calendar No. 123
104th Congress                                                   Report
                                 SENATE

 1st Session                                                     104-95
_______________________________________________________________________



              FOREIGN RELATIONS REVITALIZATION ACT OF 1995

                                _______


     June 9 (legislative day, June 5), 1995.--Ordered to be printed

_______________________________________________________________________


   Mr. Helms, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, submitted the 
                               following

                              R E P O R T

                             together with

                     ADDITIONAL AND MINORITY VIEWS

                         [To accompany S. 908]
    The Committee on Foreign Relations having had under 
consideration an original bill to authorize appropriations for 
the Department of State for fiscal years 1996 through 1999 and 
to abolish the United States Information Agency, the United 
States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the Agency for 
International Development, and for other purposes, reports 
favorably thereon and recommends that the bill do pass.
                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Purposes of the bill.............................................     2
Funding provisions...............................................     6
  I. Summary..........................................................6
 II. Department of State..............................................7
III. United States Information Agency.................................8
 IV. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.............................10
  V. Agency for International Development............................12
 VI. Authorization levels and budget savings.........................15
Committee Correspondence.........................................    16
Committee Action.................................................    47
Section-by-section analysis......................................    50
Cost estimate....................................................   130
Evaluation of regulatory impact..................................   134
Minority views...................................................   135
Additional views.................................................   141
Changes in existing law..........................................   145
                          Purposes of the Bill

    The Foreign Relations Revitalization Act of 1995 is 
intended to:
          1. provide for the reorganization of the Department 
        of State to maximize the efficient use of resources, 
        eliminate redundancy in functions, and improve the 
        management of the State Department.
          2. assist congressional efforts to balance the United 
        States federal budget by 2002;
          3. ensure that the international affairs budget 
        function shoulders an appropriate share of the 
        reductions in United States Government spending 
        necessary to eliminate the $4,800,000,000,000 debt;
          4. strengthen the coordination of United States 
        foreign policy by clarifying the leading role of the 
        Secretary of State in the formulation and articulation 
        of United States foreign policy;
          5. abolish the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 
        the United States Information Agency and the Agency for 
        International Development and consolidate their 
        functions and personnel into the Department of State no 
        later than March 1, 1997;
    The new Department of State proposed by this bill will 
reintegrate and redirect the functions currently performed by 
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States 
Information Agency and the Agency for International Development 
within our core foreign policy apparatus. These functions 
comprise foreign policy tools, and are relevant to the extent 
they serve clear national interests. Without such a nexus, 
there is no justification for requiring the American taxpayer 
to support any government program. This reintegration seeks to 
make programs substantially more responsive to policy, ensuring 
that foreign affairs resources are expended wisely in support 
of the national interest. Current foreign affairs structures 
facilitate a dangerous dichotomy, which the nation cannot 
afford, between program and policy.
    Much has been said and written about the epochal changes 
the world has seen in the last five years. Over the past half-
century we met the test of the Cold War and prevailed through 
enormous application of spirit and treasure. The threats and 
opportunities of the next fifty years will be vastly different, 
both qualitatively and quantitatively. Less and less will the 
United States be able to rely on the buffers of geography for 
insulation from the vicissitudes of the world. Consequently, 
our ability to protect U.S. interests through our presence and 
programs overseas will have unprecedented bearing on this 
nation's well-being and prosperity.
    The present U.S. foreign affairs structures were developed 
to meet specific challenges under specific circumstances. The 
new security challenges of the post-Cold War world, and a 
pressing need to rationalize expenditures, require that the 
U.S. modify yesterday's institutions to preserve a vigorous 
capability to advance U.S. interests overseas.
    Over the past four decades, in response to the wisdom and 
perceived needs of the day, such key foreign policy functions 
as public diplomacy, foreign assistance and arms control have 
been spun off into separate bureaucracies. A constellation of 
foreign policy satellite agencies emerged, the bureaucracies 
expanded and became entrenched, and many programs diverged 
increasingly from key U.S. foreign policy needs. Domestic 
agencies entered the foreign policy arena with myriad overseas 
programs at substantial cost. In short, U.S. engagement in the 
world reached an all-time high by the 1980s, but became 
increasingly inchoate and inefficient in the absence of any 
effective mechanism to coordinate U.S. activities and ensure 
they were harnessed to real national purpose.
    The national interest requires action now to reintegrate 
and rationalize the increasingly disparate foreign policy 
functions in the U.S. government. Operations must be 
streamlined to provide coherent and cost-effective support of 
vital U.S. interests overseas. The U.S. cannot afford the 
opportunity cost, particularly at a time of diminishing 
resources, of the well-documented duplication and 
inefficiencies that exist in the competing and ill-coordinated 
fiefdoms that constitute the U.S. foreign affairs apparatus. 
The Secretary of State must be given the tools necessary to 
build and maintain a foreign policy apparatus responsive to the 
national need and efficient in its use of resources.
    The spread of sophisticated conventional armaments and the 
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, ballistic and 
cruise missile systems and dual-use technology loom as ever-
greater threats to our national security. Restoring to the 
Department of State both the responsibility for this function 
and the substantial talent and expertise now at ACDA, will help 
ensure that related concerns are fully taken into account in 
foreign policy decision-making and implementation.
    Americans expect their government to respond to 
humanitarian crises and emergency situations by helping 
alleviate the pain and suffering of refugees and other victims 
of unrest and natural disasters. A strong, well-coordinated 
response mechanism, including most functions currently carried 
out by the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, will be 
grounded in the Department of State.
    The United States needs the ability to by-pass the heads of 
foreign governments when necessary and explain its policies and 
beliefs directly to foreign populations. This is the essence of 
public diplomacy, a function that should reside within, and be 
responsive to the primary foreign affairs organization. 
Advances in modern communications have largely filled the world 
informational gap our public diplomacy once sought to close, 
but the ability to communicate directly with foreign publics 
will remain an important tool for U.S. policy.
    At the same time, management consolidation, both in 
Washington and overseas, holds the promise of tremendous 
resource savings. Indeed, much of the success of foreign 
affairs integration will hinge ultimately on creative, flexible 
and responsive management in the streamlined new Department. 
Secretary of State Warren Christopher has agreed on the 
importance of this crucial function, and it will be absolutely 
vital that future Secretaries make management among their 
highest priorities.
    Personnel reform will be key to management success. The 
United States needs one foreign service, not three or six. An 
integrated foreign affairs department requires a unified 
foreign service, composed of well-trained, adequately supported 
professionals who see as their most important functions 
safeguarding U.S. national security and promoting U.S. 
political, economic and commercial interests. All incoming 
officers should receive the same basic training; cross-
functional assignments should be standard to assure versatility 
and responsiveness to service needs. Foreign Service Officers 
should possess expertise in a mixture of such areas as commerce 
and trade, management, public diplomacy, and regional affairs.
    The Department of State, as the single agency charged with 
conduct of our foreign relations, must have a clear mandate for 
policy coordination of all U.S. international programs. 
Currently this mandate is diffused over thirty executive 
agencies which sometimes operate at cross-purposes. Successful 
foreign policy requires that U.S. ambassadors in the field be 
true policy managers, not ceremonial figures. An ambassador 
must have the clear responsibility, and the necessary political 
support from Washington, to coordinate effectively the totality 
of U.S. activities and U.S. staffing in a particular country. 
To make ambassadors authentic foreign policy managers is to 
create tremendous new pressures and incentives for any 
Administration to appoint only representatives with full 
professional qualifications who are capable of managing their 
important charge. Competence in a Chief of Mission will be 
essential to the effectiveness of a reinvigorated ``country-
team'' system.
    On January 27, Vice President Gore's office on Reinventing 
Government announced plans to eliminate duplication and 
consolidate administrative support activities in the foreign 
affairs agencies. Vice President Gore disclosed internal 
Administration discussions that rejected abolishing AID, USIA, 
and ACDA, but favored a $5 billion savings over 5 years based 
on consolidation initiatives. Vice President Gore's press 
release stated: ``It is anticipated the overall review of 
international affairs programs and agencies will result in 
savings of at least $5 billion over five years and a 
substantially enhanced capacity to deliver more effective 
programs overseas and provide value to the American taxpayer.'' 
The media reported that Secretary Christopher's State 
Department had proposed a reorganization plan that integrated 
USIA, AID, and ACDA's functions into the Department of State. 
In this context, it was most difficult to imagine an 
Administration refusing to address a similar congressional 
reorganization initiative. The Committee attempted to acquire 
the details of the Administration's $5 billion savings plan and 
consolidation without success. To date, the Administration has 
neither provided information on their proposal to save $5 
billion in taxpayer funds nor offered any initiative to save 
money in the fiscal year 1996 budget, despite constant 
Congressional urging.
    On March 15, Chairman Helms, Senator Olympia Snowe and 
Chairman Ben Gilman of the House International Relations 
Committee unveiled the outline of a plan to restructure 
completely this nations' beleaguered foreign affairs apparatus. 
At its core, this reorganization seeks to abolish the Agency 
for International Development (AID), the U.S. Information 
Agency (USIA) and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 
(ACDA) by March 1, 1997. Since it was announced, this plan has 
met with constant opposition from the Administration, as 
testified to through direct correspondence with the Committee, 
testimony before the Committee, and well-publicized media 
accounts. Prior to the Chairman's announcement, Committee staff 
briefed members of the Democratic staff on February 24 in 
detail about the plan. Approximately one week later, the 
Republican Committee staff briefed representatives of the NSC, 
OMB, and the Vice President's Office in detail about the plan. 
Several weeks later Committee staff met again with the Vice 
President's Office, without any response from the 
Administration. At both meetings the Committee stressed that 
this plan was to be seen as a ``work in progress'' and that 
suggestions for change would be welcomed.
    The Vice President's Office essentially responded to the 
Committee that the decision to maintain the status quo needed 
no review--ACDA, AID and USIA were to remain as independent 
agencies. In the meantime, the Administration instructed its 
officials to neither work nor communicate with the Committee in 
its effort to draft the plan into legislative language. The 
Administration's stated policy was to ``delay, derail, 
obfuscate'' in order to ``kill the merger * * * Official word 
is we don't care if there is a State authorization bill this 
year.'' Stating a preference for no authorization bill prior to 
any mark-up of legislation makes a mockery of the 
Administration's threat to veto consolidation legislation. 
Consistent with the Administration's avowed strategy, the 
Department of State never submitted an official legislative 
request to the Committee, as has been well established practice 
in years past. The bureaucracy closed ranks to ensure that 
during the drafting of the legislation, the Committee had 
access to only that information gathered during the course of 
normal oversight activities in years past.
    This Committee's ultimate objective is to improve the 
effectiveness of the U.S. foreign affairs community and realize 
the substantial savings that would accrue through the abolition 
of three agencies--AID, ACDA, and USIA--and the merger of their 
most important functions into a reorganized Department of 
State.
    At mark-up Senator Kerry offered an amendment that would 
consolidate the foreign affairs agencies but that neither 
mandated the cost-savings directed in the Chairman's mark nor 
abolished the above-mentioned agencies. After several weeks of 
discussions with Senator Kerry and his colleagues, the 
Committee draft was modified to give the President greatly 
enhanced flexibility to reorganize the State Department and the 
other agencies as he deemed appropriate.
    The Committee bill provides the Secretary of State enormous 
latitude to determine the organizational structure of the State 
Department. This modification answers the concerns that more 
organizational prerogatives should remain with the Executive. 
Senator Kerry's constructive engagement in the consolidation 
debate constituted the lone expression of Executive branch 
concerns, since the Administration refused to participate in 
the debate. It is significant to note that the Administration 
also opposed the Kerry amendment, since it embraced the concept 
of consolidation.
    For several months, the Congressional Budget Office was 
stymied in adequately assisting the Committee with cost 
estimates related to reorganization because the Administration 
refused to share relevant budget information with CBO. At a 
full Committee hearing on March 30, 1995 Chairman Helms sought 
to facilitate the Congressional Budget Office's work by posing 
a number of related questions to the Director of AID, the 
Director of USIA, the Under Secretary of State for Management, 
and the Director of ACDA. Although these officials committed to 
providing answers to the Chairman, their responses proved 
wholly uninstructive and inadequate (see Committee 
correspondence). Ultimately, the Congressional Budget Office 
was able to develop a proper economic model, and the Committee 
appreciates the time and effort spent on the cost impact 
evaluation.
    The Committee legislation on reorganization has received 
solid support from five former Secretaries of State, the 
Majority Leader of the Senate and the Speaker of the House. 
Seldom before has such a comprehensive foreign policy 
reorganization effort been undertaken by a Congressional 
committee. The opportunity to achieve enormous cost savings 
through streamlining and eliminating duplication of functions 
is unparalleled. The plan will significantly increase the 
return on each foreign affairs dollar we spend. The Committee 
notes an interesting comment in an article in the New Republic 
from June 12, 1995: ``Complacency about ideas and agencies that 
have clearly passed their prime is the real menace to a 
politically sustainable American internationalism.''

                           Funding Provisions

                               i. summary

    The ``Foreign Affairs Revitalization Act of 1995'' is 
intended to authorize appropriations for the Department of 
State for fiscal years 1996 through 1999 and to abolish the 
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States 
Information Agency and the Agency for International Development 
by March 1, 1997. The personnel and responsibilities of those 
agencies would then be folded into the functions and 
responsibilities of the Secretary of State.
    The bill is organized into two divisions: Division A, the 
``Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1996-1999'' 
and Division B, ``Foreign Affairs Reinvention Act of 1995''.
    Division A authorizes the activities of the Department of 
State through fiscal year 1999 and the activities of the Arms 
Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States Information 
Agency and the Agency for International Development through 
their abolition in March 1997.
    Division B requires the abolition of the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency, the United States Information Agency and 
the Agency for International Development by March 1, 1997. By 
March 1, 1996, the President must submit a reorganization plan 
to the Congress on how the abolition of each agency will take 
place and the manner in which the functions and personnel of 
each agency will be folded into the Department of State. This 
bill requires the Secretary of State to establish five Under 
Secretaries of State: the Under Secretary of State for Policy; 
the Under Secretary of State for Export, Trade, Economics, and 
Business; the Under Secretary of State for International 
Security; the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy; 
and the Under Secretary of State for Management. The Secretary 
of State must also create two Assistant Secretaries of State: 
Assistant Secretary for Arms Control and Non-proliferation 
Affairs and Assistant Secretary for International Exchanges, 
positions which would be responsible for many of the functions 
previously carried out by ACDA and USIA, respectively. This 
bill also provides authority to create eighteen other Assistant 
Secretaries of State and five positions that also may be 
compensated at the Assistant Secretary-equivalent level 
(Executive Level IV). Prior to transfer of the functions of 
each agency into the Department of State, each agency must make 
mandatory reductions in personnel levels based on the number of 
personnel employed at each agency on the date of enactment of 
this Act.
    Within those parameters, the President and the Secretary of 
State may reorganize the Department in a manner which meets the 
needs of the Executive branch. In debate on the Committee bill, 
it was often noted that this reorganization treads on 
Presidential prerogative to reorganize as seen fit by the 
Executive Branch. The Vice President tried to reorganize the 
foreign affairs apparatus and decided to maintain the status 
quo when he encountered entrenched bureaucratic opposition to 
change. As was eloquently pointed out by Senator Richard Lugar 
regarding his experiences trying to reorganize the Department 
of Agriculture, it is questionable whether an Administration 
left with the mandate to reorganize on its own, would actually 
be able to follow through with the plan. The Committee bill 
provides a comprehensive example of one method by which the 
foreign affairs agencies could be reorganized while still 
allowing Congress to meet its balanced budget targets for the 
international affairs budget account.

                        ii. department of state

    The bill authorizes $4,685,374,000 and $4,513,959,000 for 
fiscal years 1996 and 1997, respectively. The President 
requested $4,794,620,000 for fiscal year 1996, which does not 
include the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability account 
funds.
    The purposes section in this report details the compelling 
case for reorganizing the State Department, strengthening its 
foreign policy coordinating role in Washington and in the 
field, and maintaining a vigorous, professional and well-
trained foreign service.
    However, the Committee believes that the reorganization 
must seek to change the Department's traditional culture to 
instill new regard for U.S. economic competitiveness as a 
cornerstone of national security. Similarly, the challenges of 
reorganization will impose new demands on the management 
function within State. In particular, utilization of new 
information technologies, and other management innovations, 
will prove indispensable to meeting these challenges.
    This bill provides the State Department with important new 
authorities to rationalize a number of management practices, 
but the benefits to the taxpayer of these authorities will 
depend upon adequate prioritization of management issues in 
general in the Department.
    The Committee notes regretfully that the Department of 
State has not submitted its authorization request to Congress 
for fiscal year 1996 and the President's request proposes to 
increase international affairs spending by $950 million, a 6.6 
percent increase from fiscal year 1995.
    The Committee believes the President's budget request for 
United Nations peacekeeping is unreasonable considering the 
request is nearly $1 billion less than costs incurred in fiscal 
year 1995 and considering that the current request to fund the 
U.N. peacekeeping effort in the former Yugoslavia is only for 
six months of the fiscal year. The U.N. Security Council, with 
United States support and encouragement, extended the UNPROFOR 
mandate on March 31, 1995. The Department of State estimates 
that the President's fiscal year 1996 request for $445 million 
for assessed U.N. peacekeeping activities will fall short of 
covering actual costs by almost $800 million. The 
Administration has refused to adjust its request to reflect 
accurately expected peacekeeping costs.

                 iii. united states information agency

    The bill authorizes $1,181,022,000 and $1,100,200,000 for 
fiscal years 1996 and 1997, respectively. The President 
requested $1,298,630,000 for fiscal year 1996.
    In 1953, President Eisenhower determined that ``a number of 
programs which implement our foreign policy have been scattered 
within the executive branch rather than being grouped together 
for the most efficient and economical administration.'' His 
solution at that time was to create a new, separate agency for 
the international information programs that were administered 
by the Department of State and the Mutual Security Agency to 
``provide real unity and greater efficiency.'' Thus, the United 
States Information Agency was established. In 1977, President 
Carter created the Agency for International Communication, 
consolidating USIA's international communications programs and 
the international educational and cultural exchange activities 
that were conducted by the Department of State's Bureau of 
Educational and Cultural Affairs. President Carter envisioned 
that this reorganization would ``result in greater efficiency 
by unifying in Washington the management of programs which are 
already administered in a consolidated manner in the field.'' 
Then the Agency for International Communication was renamed 
USIA in 1982.
    The public diplomacy function of the United States 
government has been examined frequently over the last forty 
years, and has often been the subject of experimentation. The 
challenges presented by the Cold War, especially impediments to 
the free flow of information in Communist societies, provided 
the impetus for USIA's creation and growth. However, in the 
post-Cold War era when technological advances in communication 
allow for instantaneous transmittal of information to many 
places in the world, it is neither cost-effective nor necessary 
to the U.S. interest to conduct public diplomacy through an 
autonomous bureaucracy.
    The Committee firmly emphasizes that the function of public 
diplomacy is a vital one and should be maintained at a high 
level in the U.S. government. It is the Committee's belief that 
public diplomacy can be most effectively conducted through the 
primary foreign affairs agency, the Department of State, and 
should be regarded as an integral part of the overall U.S. 
diplomatic effort. Moreover, the focus of public diplomacy, as 
with all other government responsibilities, must be updated 
continuously in order to meet the challenges of the next 
century, without concern for nostalgic attachments to programs 
devised to win the Cold War.
    This bill eliminates the U.S. Information Agency and merges 
its international exchange, broadcasting and public diplomacy 
functions under the Department of State's new Under Secretary 
for Public Diplomacy. An office under the Under Secretary's 
office will be charged with identifying and coordinating the 
more than $1.67 billion worth of international exchanges funded 
annually by over 30 federal agencies. That office will also 
make specific recommendations to eliminate the up to $400 
million in exchange programs that USIA feels are duplicative in 
the sense that they have identical goals and target identical 
areas of the world. The new structure would integrate 
international exchanges to ensure that they are tied into the 
ultimate objective of fulfilling the United States' foreign 
policy objectives. Savings are also expected from awarding 
exchanges on a competitive basis.
    In March 1995, the United States Advisory Commission on 
Public Diplomacy issued a report entitled ``Public Diplomacy 
for the 21st Century''. In its report, the Commission suggested 
that proposals for restructuring public diplomacy in the U.S. 
government should meet two tests: do they acknowledge the 
centrality of public diplomacy in foreign affairs? Do they 
enable missions to be pursued more effectively at less cost? 
The Committee is certain that the reorganization of the U.S. 
foreign affairs apparatus envisioned in this bill meet both 
those challenges. First, the reorganization plan integrates the 
public diplomacy function squarely in the Department of State 
by mandating the establishment of an Under Secretary for Public 
Diplomacy. This ensures that public diplomacy issues will be 
afforded a high-level of consideration in the development of 
U.S. foreign policy. Second, in an era in which there is a 
strong commitment to reducing the federal deficit, the 
consolidation of U.S. foreign affairs agencies is the most 
effective means by which to ensure that program funds are 
protected from the drain required to support a bureaucracy 
that's duplicative in many functions. Only through 
consolidation will the missions of public diplomacy be pursued 
more effectively at less cost.
    The Committee notes that this bill, when enacted, will 
fulfill every recommendation the Advisory Commission has made 
save one: to maintain USIA as an independent agency. As for the 
others, the Committee original bill abolishes budget earmarks 
for USIA, urges the upgrade of high-tech information centers, 
increases the evaluation of exchanges to address duplication in 
programs, encourages widespread interagency assignments (by 
folding the responsibilities and functions of three federal 
agencies into State, thereby allowing officers to serve in a 
variety of capacities), among others. Consolidation along the 
lines the Committee has proposed will ensure that public 
diplomacy is accorded a central role in the development and 
implementation of policy.
    While the Committee as a whole supports U.S. government 
sponsored international exchanges, there is concern that the 
number of exchanges has proliferated dramatically in the last 
few years. USIA reported to the Committee that the U.S. 
government paid for at least $1.67 billion in international 
exchanges in 1994 sponsored by twenty-eight federal agencies or 
organizations. The agency further estimates that there is at 
least $400 million in duplication of purpose between various 
programs. The agency's report follows:

Department of Defense...................................\1\ $507,000,000
U.S. Information Agency.................................     350,000,000
U.S. Agency for International Development...............     300,000,000
Peace Corps.............................................     218,146,000
Department of Energy....................................     100,000,000
Department of Health and Human Services.................      93,364,000
Department of Justice...................................  \2\ 30,000,000
Department of Commerce..................................      17,534,000
National Science Foundation.............................      17,000,000
Department of State.....................................  \3\ 10,000,000
National Endowment for the Humanities...................       8,500,000
Department of Education.................................       5,842,000
Asia Foundation.........................................   \4\ 3,190,000
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars........   \5\ 2,000,000
Department of the Interior..............................       1,845,000
Smithsonian Institution.................................       1,800,000
Japan-U.S. Friendship Commission........................       1,250,000
National Endowment for the Arts.........................         840,000
U.S. Institute for Peace................................     \6\ 708,000
Department of Agriculture...............................         675,000
Inter-American Foundation...............................         673,000
Department of Labor.....................................         400,000
Environmental Protection Agency.........................         128,000
National Aeronautics and Space Administration...........   not available
National Endowment for Democracy.......................\7\ not available
Department of Housing and Urban Development.............           (\8\)
Library of Congress.....................................           (\8\)
Small Business Administration...........................           (\8\)
                    --------------------------------------------------------
                    ____________________________________________________
      Total.............................................  $1,670,895,000

\1\ FY 1993 funds; more recent figure unavailable. Programs include 
International Military Education and Training (IMET) ($42.5 million) of 
which $3.66m is for training in civil-military relations and military 
justice and professionalism; National Security Education (Boren) Act 
($150m trust fund); and Foreign Military Sales Training ($314.5m). The 
latter is a non-appropriated program in which participating foreign 
governments pay all costs associated with a sale.
2 CY 1993 figure includes the cost of equipment donation in 
addition to training.
3 Soviet-Eastern European Research and Training Act (Title VIII) 
for American participants.
4 FY1993 funds; more recent figure was unavailable. U.S. government 
funding provided principally through the Department of State.
5 FY1993 funds; more recent figure was unavailable.
6 FY1993 funds; more recent figure was unavailable.
7 NED democratic development grants to cooperating U.S. and foreign 
organizations can include funding for exchanges, but NED is not able to 
breakout the costs.
\8\ Exchange program limited to foreign visitors funded by outside 
sources.

    Currently, the United States Information Agency is charged 
by Executive Order with the responsibility to track and monitor 
all U.S. government-sponsored international exchange programs. 
The Agency has encountered difficulties in performing this 
function adequately in recent years because of the difficulties 
in gathering information from Cabinet-level agencies. Once 
USIA's functions are transferred into the Department of State, 
the newly-created Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy will be 
in a better position to track the number and type of exchanges 
funded by the federal government every year.

                IV. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY

    The bill reported by the Committee includes funding for the 
salaries and expenses of the Arms Control and Disarmament 
Agency for fiscal year 1996 totalling $22,700,000. The 
President's fiscal year 1996 budget request is $76.3 million, 
of which $25,137,000 is for salaries and expenses, $17 million 
for Chemical Weapons Convention implementation, and $14 million 
for the Cobra Dane verification program.
    An initiative to consolidate the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency within the Department of State is nothing 
new. In 1993, the Department of State proposed a detailed plan 
to abolish ACDA and transfer its functions and personnel into 
the Department, with cost savings assumptions of $25.8 million 
annually. The Committee notes the CRS report April 22, 1993, 
``ACDA: Abolition, Reorganization, Costs, & Other Issues,'' 
highlighting the Department of State's plan. It is truly ironic 
that the Clinton Administration itself proposed to eliminate 
ACDA in 1992. However, the plan proposed by the Administration 
met with Congressional opposition and was never acted upon. In 
fact, Congress enacted legislation in an attempt to increase 
the responsibilities and authorities of ACDA in the policy 
formulation process. This legislative effort has proven to have 
been unsuccessful. The President and the Secretary of State 
continue to rely on the Department of State as the primary 
analyst on arms control and proliferation issues of major 
import. One particularly telling example is the 
Administration's response to the crisis over the nuclear 
program of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Rather 
than relying upon ACDA for initiative, the Department of State 
has been charged with the responsibility to negotiate with 
North Korea.
    The Department of State recognizes the importance of non-
proliferation issues and has contemplated, in times past, the 
establishment of an Assistant Secretary of State with 
responsibility for proliferation issues. Therefore, ACDA's 
transition into the Department of State could be handled 
smoothly, efficiently, and taking full advantage of much of 
ACDA's human talent and expertise.
    The Committee recognizes that ACDA is not and has never 
served as the primary voice of arms control in the foreign-
policy making community. During debate over the Arms Control 
Authorization Act for fiscal year 1990, the House of 
Representatives rejected explicitly the idea that ACDA would 
serve as the primary voice on arms control policy. It must be 
realized that the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency is not 
the sole repository of arms control negotiation and treaty 
verification experience. In fact, ACDA's roles are largely 
duplicative of the efforts of other actors. For example, since 
1989, the On-Site Inspection Agency, not ACDA, has performed 
``on the ground'' verification for all major arms control 
agreements. The Committee expects Cobra Dane to be maintained 
and operated by the Department of Defense which has the 
personnel and technical expertise necessary for it maintenance. 
Other agencies replicate other of ACDA's functions as well. The 
following table displays those agencies or departments with 
responsibilities corresponding to those undertaken by ACDA:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Monitoring of the    Negotiation on      Verification of 
                Agency or Department                      Arms Trade         Arms Control          Treaties     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACDA................................................                  S                   P                   S 
JCS.................................................                  S                   S   ..................
Armed Services......................................                  P                   S   ..................
DIA.................................................                  P                   S                   S 
CIA.................................................                  P                   S                   S 
DOE.................................................                  P                   P                   P 
NSC.................................................                  S                   S                     
Department of State.................................                  P                   P                   S 
NSA.................................................                  S   ..................                  P 
NRO.................................................                  S   ..................                  P 
OSIA................................................  ..................                  S                   P 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: ``P'' denotes a primary role and ``S'' a secondary role in the inter-agency process.                      

    As the chart demonstrates, several thousand arms control 
experts are distributed throughout agencies and departments 
across the Federal government. With only 259 full-time 
positions, ACDA serves neither as the largest nor the most 
comprehensive voice for arms control in the Federal government. 
Indeed, 109 of ACDA's personnel hold positions which do not 
directly relate to arms control, such as in congressional and 
public affairs and administrative capacities. The elimination 
of ACDA will not adversely affect U.S. monitoring, negotiation, 
or verification capability. Instead, the Department of State 
will take up where ACDA has left off since the arms control 
expertise will be retained and incorporated. In many cases 
ACDA's former functions will be conducted by the same people in 
a new, more efficient office with a more comprehensive purview. 
Moreover, U.S. taxpayers will save at least $250 million over 
the next ten years with this consolidation, and additional 
savings will accrue through the streamlining of the U.S. 
negotiating presence abroad--in Geneva, Vienna, and the Hague, 
for instance.
    Proliferation and arms control will be more prominently 
considered when integrated with the over-arching decision-
making process since the effectiveness and desirability of arms 
control are contingent upon its consideration in the broader 
foreign policy context. Because arms control and proliferation 
decisions will become the personal province of the Secretary of 
State, these issues will cease to be the unwanted step-children 
of the policy-making process. With such a responsibility, the 
Secretary of State will doubtless make every effort to ensure 
the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and will 
seek to prevent destabilizing accumulations of conventional 
arms. Moreover, the consolidation of ACDA within the Department 
of State ensures that arms control will be given a voice at the 
Cabinet level and at the most senior level of the U.S. 
decision-making process. The elimination of ACDA will also 
reduce waste, duplication, and bureaucratic turf battles. Of 
primary importance, this consolidation will stream-line and 
strengthen the decision-making process for arms control.

                V. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

    The bill authorizes $432,000,000 and $389,000,000 for 
operating expenses for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, 
respectively; and $35,000,000 and $31,500,000 for the Office of 
the Inspector General for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, 
respectively. The President requested $529,027,000 for 
operating expenses and $39,118,000 for the Office of the 
Inspector General for fiscal year 1996.
    A key component of the reorganization plan is the abolition 
of the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) and the 
consolidation of its essential functions into the reinvigorated 
Department of State.
    The Committee must address all spending issues within its 
jurisdiction in the context of the federal government's $4.8 
trillion debt. Severe budget constraints require that Congress 
limit funding of virtually every program, unless that program 
is clearly essential to the national interests of the United 
States.
    The United States has been more generous than any other 
country in providing assistance to other countries. Since 1945, 
American taxpayers have provided more than $450,000,000,000 in 
foreign aid. Because these foreign aid expenditures and the 
interests accrued thereon have been financed by borrowing, the 
actual cost to United States taxpayers has been nearly 
$2,000,000,000,000.
    The President's FY 1996 foreign aid budget request includes 
$7.56 billion of funds to be managed by AID. Of that amount, 
$3.28 billion are for Israel, Egypt, former Soviet Union 
nations and the new democracies of Eastern Europe. To manage 
$7.56 billion, AID has 3,829 direct-hire employees out of a 
total of 9,362 full time employees and contractors. Of the 
direct-hire staff in FY 1996, 1,955, or 55 percent, will serve 
in Washington and the other 1,599 will serve overseas. Counting 
only U.S. nationals, the proportion of direct-hire employees in 
headquarters totals 67 percent since all foreign nationals 
serve overseas.
    AID currently maintains missions in 90 countries. According 
to Vice President Gore's Reinventing Government task force, it 
costs taxpayers between $150,000 and $300,000--exclusive of 
salary--to keep one A.I.D. employee overseas.
    The AID bureaucracy continues to consume larger amounts of 
the international affairs account (150) for its operating 
expenses. Considering that the Senate passed Budget Resolution 
calls for a $17.3 billion cut over 5 years in the 150 budget 
function, the only way to reduce the cost of foreign aid 
programs is to cut bureaucracy. Below are AID's operating 
expenses since FY 1992:

                AID operating expenses (not including IG)

Fiscal Year                                                      Million
    1992..........................................................  $474
    1993..........................................................   512
    1994..........................................................   502
    1995..........................................................   518
    1996 (request)................................................   529

    The Committee believes that providing development 
assistance is not vital to United States national security 
interests. Furthermore, the Committee believes that foreign aid 
has often proven ineffective in promoting economic independence 
and that it has been repeatedly wasted on frivolous programs or 
on special interests in Washington. Simply put, after more than 
30 years of existence, AID has proven that many of these 
programs do not work. This failure caused a 1993 Clinton 
Administration task force on foreign aid reform to state that 
``despite decades of foreign assistance, most of Africa and 
parts of Latin America, Asia and the Middle East are 
economically worse off today than they were 20 years ago'' 
(Wharton Report). The Committee believes, therefore, that AID 
has outlived its usefulness and should be abolished. Those 
functions and projects considered essential by the President 
and the Secretary of State will be continued within the new 
State Department.
    The Committee has taken note of the numerous proposals to 
abolish the AID. In 1992, the President's Commission on the 
Management of AID Programs recommended abolishing AID, stating 
that ``AID should be fully merged into the State Department and 
the Administrator designated an Under Secretary for Foreign 
Assistance.'' The Commission went on to state that ``If support 
of U.S. foreign policy is the rationale for foreign assistance 
programs, AID probably belongs fully within the State 
Department, particularly at a time of rapid change in the world 
when maximum flexibility is required * * * Organizationally, 
merging AID with State would not be difficult to carry out * * 
*''
    Similar proposals to abolish the current A.I.D. structure 
have been put forward by the Hamilton-Gilman Task Force (1989), 
the Phoenix Group, an association of former State Department 
and AID officials (1989), and The Independent Group on the 
Future of U.S. Development Cooperation in their ``Reinventing 
Foreign Aid: White Paper on U.S. Development Cooperation in a 
New Democratic Era (1992).''
          Creation of an International Development Foundation

    As proposed by the Chairman if this Committee in March, the 
original foreign affairs reorganization plan included the 
creation on an International Development Foundation to assist 
the process of private sector economic growth in developing 
countries. This Foundation would have provided grants to U.S. 
and host country Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and 
Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs), including trade 
associations, educational institutions, credit unions, 
cooperatives, indigenous groups and others.
    Abolition of the Agency for International Development and 
creation of an semi-independent foundation to administer 
development assistance has been proposed in a variety of 
studies on the future of foreign aid.
    The goal of this Foundation was to have been to ensure 
continued insulation of development assistance programs from 
direct U.S. foreign policy considerations and to place more of 
the U.S. bilateral development decision-making directly in the 
hands of U.S. and host country Non-Governmental Organizations 
(NGOs) and Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs).
    There is general agreement that PVOs and NGOs serve as a 
more effective method of carrying out U.S. development aid and 
ensuring that it reaches those most in need. The Foundation's 
board of directors, on which up to three of the seven members 
could have been from the PVO community, would have ensured that 
the PVOs had a ``seat at the table'' when U.S. development 
priorities were established. Furthermore, the Foundation would 
have had a Chief Operating Officer, as recommended by President 
Bush's Commission on the Management of AID Programs (known as 
the ``Ferris Commission''), to ensure accountability and strong 
management.
    The Administration, especially the current Administrator of 
the Agency for International Development, stridently opposed 
the Foundation concept. Several members of the Committee also 
opposed the foundation concept. Republican member opposition 
and a serious lack of public support by the PVO community--
which would have been the direct beneficiary of this 
Foundation--ultimately insured that the Chairman would remove 
the Foundation from the consolidation proposal.
              vi. authorization levels and budget savings

NET BUDGET SAVINGS FOR THE FOUR-YEAR STATE DEPARTMENT AUTHORIZATION BILL
                              [In millions]                             
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Fiscal year                          
  CBO Estimates   --------------------------------------------  Total--4
                      1996       1997       1998       1999       year  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spending at the                                                         
 1995 Funding                                                           
 Level Budget                                                           
 Authority.......      6,980      6,989      6,998      7,008     27,975
Authorization                                                           
 Budget Authority      6,586      6,230      5,822      5,678     24,316
Net Budget                                                              
 Savings Budget                                                         
 Authority.......        394        759      1,177      1,330      3,660
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Congressional Budget Office estimated costs to the federal 
government are listed below:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   1995       1996       1997       1998       1999       2000  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct spending:                                                                                                
    Estimated Budget Authority................          0      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)
    Estimated Outlays.........................          0          6          9          3      (\1\)      (\1\)
Spending subject to appropriations action:                                                                      
  Spending under current law:                                                                                   
      Budget Authority/Authorizations \1\ \2\.      6,979        249        259        268        277        284
      Estimated Outlays.......................      7,315      1,759        759        493        297        284
  Proposed changes:                                                                                             
      Estimated Authorization Level \4\.......  .........      6,337      5,971      5,554      5,400          0
      Estimated Direct Loan Obligations.......  .........          1          1          1          1          0
      Estimated Outlays.......................  .........      5,080      5,630      5,497      5,360      1,007
  Spending under the bill:                                                                                      
      Estimated Authorization Level \3\ \4\...      6,979      6,586      6,230      5,822      5,678        284
      Estimated Direct Loan Obligations.......  .........          1          1          1          1          0
      Estimated Outlays \4\...................      7,315      6,839      6,390      5,990      5,657      1,290
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Less than $500,000.                                                                                         
\2\ Amounts for fiscal years 1996 through 2000 are permanent authorizations subject to appropriations action.   
\3\ The 1995 figure is the amount already appropriated.                                                         
\4\ Does not include increased obligational authority or outlays associated with the change in the scoring of   
  lease-purchases required by section 121.                                                                      

    The Foreign Relations Revitalization Act provides 
significant cost savings while retooling the Department of 
State to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Total 
authorized levels for 1996 is $6.356 billion, 1997 is $6.034 
billion, 1998 is $5.617 billion, and $5.463 billion in 1999.
    The Senate Budget Committee set the stage for significant 
150 function reductions providing overall budget authority of 
$17.9 billion in FY 1996 and directing a $17.3 billion budget 
authority reductions by the year 2000. This bill, coupled with 
the foreign relations authorization levels, will produce the 
Budget Committee targets.
    The four-year authorization is designed to not only lock in 
the directed savings but provide reliable continuity over a 
complex reorganization period over two years and allow the 
Department of State to plan ahead for authorization levels 
adequate to meet operations and staffing needs in post-
consolidation of 1998 and 1999. A four-year authorization bill 
does not diminish the Committee's ability to conduct oversight. 
Effective oversight does not always mean legislation. In fact, 
such a bill relieves the Committee and the Department of State 
of a biannual authorization process that sometimes consumes 
over a year of staff time. It should also provide more time for 
true oversight hearings, investigations, and member and staff 
briefings. Foreign assistance would continue to be a two year 
authorization and receive policy direction biannually. However, 
the day to day operations of the Department of State could 
benefit from longer term planning and would not be as 
vulnerable to the reoccurring policy disagreements that 
inevitably interrupt executive/legislative branch comity.
    Elimination of duplication, administrative consolidation 
and staff reduction provide substantial cost savings. This bill 
saves $3.58 billion over four years from consolidation and 
minor program reductions. CBO projects a $4.8 billion savings 
over five years based on fiscal year 1995 expense projections, 
which is the amount Vice President Gore's Reinventing 
Government team projected in its press release. Staff 
reductions and agency elimination are key features of projected 
savings. USIA is directed to achieve a 25% staff reduction over 
two years, AID is directed to achieve a 50% staff reduction 
over two years, ACDA is directed to achieve a 8% staff 
reduction in one year and the Department of State is directed 
to reduce personnel by 9% over two years. The AID, USIA, and 
ACDA functions will be assumed by the Secretary of State in 
fiscal year 1997. After consolidation, Department of State 
shall reduce personnel by 3% in FY 1998 and similarly reduce 
personnel another 2% in 1999.

                        Committee Correspondence

                                                    April 20, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Foreign Relations Committee, Dirksen Senate Office Building, 
        Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: Thank you for allowing me to comment on 
your proposal to reorganize America's foreign policy 
establishment.
    It has long been clear to me that the Executive Branch is 
not well organized to conduct the country's foreign policy. 
Responsibility and authority over international affairs is too 
diffuse. The many voices purporting to speak on behalf of the 
United States serve to confuse foreign friends and foes alike.
    What is needed is steadiness, coherence and precision in 
the articulation and implementation of policies. The dramatic 
developments in international affairs in recent years make this 
an ideal time for a fundamental reexamination of how our 
government's structures can be reformed to take into account 
the new era's opportunities and challenges.
    A major objective of any reform should be to strengthen the 
President's ability to respond to these opportunities and 
challenges quickly and in a way best calculated to advance 
America's interests. Your proposal to abolish AID, ACDA and 
USIA is a bold step in this direction by centralizing authority 
and responsibility for the conduct of foreign affairs where it 
properly belongs--in the President's senior foreign affairs 
advisor, the Secretary of State.
    Combined with necessary stream-lining of the State 
Department, your plan would go a long way to preparing our 
country for the more complicated and still dangerous world we 
will face in the next century.
    I support your plan and commend you for putting it forward.
            Sincerely,
                                                Henry A. Kissinger.
                                ------                                

                          Office of Alexander M. Haig, Jr.,
                                                       May 4, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations,
Washington, DC.
    Dear Jesse: Bud Nance has asked for my opinion on the 
proposals which you have sponsored on the subject of foreign 
affairs reorganization. In my response of March 24, 1995 to Ben 
Gilman's request for my views on this issue, I noted that ``it 
has been my long-held view that proliferation of organizations 
and agencies responsible for elements of U.S. foreign affairs 
but which operate outside of the Department of State are both 
wasteful of funds and manpower, pose risks with respect to the 
integration of U.S. foreign affairs and result in undesirable 
delays and inefficiencies.''
    Having reviewed the background information provided by your 
Committee on your proposal to strengthen the Secretary of State 
and make him the single voice in carrying out the foreign 
policy of the United States, I am pleased to lend my 
unqualified support to this initiative.
    I heartily endorse the proposal to eliminate AID, USIA and 
ACDA and to place their functions within the Department of 
State thereby eliminating unnecessary duplication and enhancing 
the coordination of U.S. foreign policy. Such reorganization is 
long overdue and should contribute to greater effectiveness of 
the Department of State and the overall U.S. foreign policy-
making and implementation process.
    For your leadership on this important issue, you have my 
respect and best wishes.
            Sincerely,
                                                                Al.
                                ------                                

                                Hoover Institution,
                                       Stanford University,
                                      Stanford, CA, March 15, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Senate, Dirksen Senate 
        Office Building, Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: I have read and heard about your ideas 
for reorganization of the way much of our foreign affairs are 
to be managed. I write to express my support.
    The ideas presented are bold and constructive. They would 
pull together the capabilities that are now scattered around 
the government and make our actions and responses far better 
coordinated. The result would be a more effective foreign 
policy on behalf of the interests of the United States; I 
believe it would also be less costly. I hope, however, that you 
will continue with the name, State Department.
    I have always felt that the importance of our ambassadors 
and the work of our embassies and consulates is vastly 
underrated. It is too easy to say that the communication and 
transportation revolutions have undermined their usefulness. 
The fact is that these are the sources of our best information 
about what is going on, and our best evaluations of the 
relative importance of different kinds of information. Also, as 
I can testify from personal experience, when action erupts 
somewhere, you are totally reliant on the quality of the people 
who are literally there.
    The foreign affairs budget, including the CIA, needs to be 
thought through beginning from ground zero. The starting point 
is that practically every society in the world is more open 
than it used to be. When you add the communication and 
information revolution to the political change, you must 
realize that the vast bulk of what is important is available by 
open means. Covert collection of somebody's so-called secrets 
is extremely expensive. There is also a tendency to believe 
that something collected covertly is more important than 
information openly available. Since the reverse is almost 
always true, the result can be misleading analysis.
    Therefore, I believe that we should fund embassies and 
consulates fully as they are the basic information collecting, 
reporting, and representing institutions. We should require a 
special case to be made for the use of highly expensive covert 
techniques and people. That would save a lot of money being 
spent by the CIA. Certainly there are times when you need 
special efforts and they will be done best and be most useful 
when they are explicitly wanted by those who intend to use the 
information. In other words, I believe the whole information 
system should be geared more to the consumer than is the 
present producer-dominated system and should recognize that the 
most important information can be obtained in an open way.
    I also believe that sharp changes are needed in the 
philosophy underlying flows of assistance money to other 
countries and in the nature and operation of the big 
international economic organizations.
    I would, therefore, urge you to consider steps such as the 
following:
    Abolish the Arms Control Agency, the AID, and the U.S. 
Information Service. Task the State Department and others to 
pick the activities and people that are really needed and lodge 
them in the appropriate parts of the department, which itself 
could stand some streamlining. A hard look should be taken at 
the large amount of staffing in our embassies, not just by CIA 
but other departments as well. Of all the activities involved 
in the eliminated agencies, I would emphasize (a) the 
importance of the flow of information and ideas worked with by 
the U.S. Information Agency, (b) technical assistance to other 
countries along with movement of people back and forth as a 
means of exposing them to ideas and practices and as training, 
and (c) the vital need to address issues of nonproliferation. I 
believe that a consolidation of this kind would save a lot of 
money and, even more important, would lead to sharper and more 
productive work.
    I would also push for changes in the international economic 
organizations. I made a start on recommendations for this in 
the enclosed talk I recently gave at the annual meeting of the 
American Economic Association (see especially pages 7 to 10) on 
whither the Bretton Woods institutions.
    In connection with organizational reform designed to save 
money and improve effectiveness, you might take a look at the 
proposals put forward by President Nixon around 1972 or '73. 
These proposals were thought out with great care. They did not 
get much of a hearing since they were engulfed by Watergate. I 
believe there is much merit in the thinking underlying these 
proposals, even though some of the proposals themselves may be 
a little dated.
    I admire what you are doing and regard this as a moment of 
great opportunity for out country. You have the tiller in your 
hands and I know you will steer us well.
    With my warm personal regards.
            Sincerely yours,
                                                  George P. Shultz.
                                ------                                

                                               Houston, TX,
                                                    March 22, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Foreign Relations Committee, Dirksen Senate Office Building, 
        Washington, DC.
    Dear Jesse: I am writing to express my support for your 
efforts to revolutionize America's foreign policy apparatus, 
particularly your proposal to eliminate ACDA, USIA and AID and 
to transfer the essential functions of these agencies to a 
strengthened Department of State. I myself proposed that this 
be done in testimony to the House Committee on International 
Relations on January 12, 1995.
    Your proposal is breathtaking in its boldness and visionary 
in its sweep. It represents the fundamental reorganization 
needed if we are to transform government institutions to meet 
foreign policy challenges of the twenty-first century.
    While I have some questions about some of the particulars, 
I commend you for taking the initiative in this crucial area. I 
can only hope the Executive Branch will follow your lead.
    With best regards.
            Sincerely,
                                                James A. Baker III.
                                ------                                

  statement by lawrence s. eagleburger and brent scowcroft before the 
                 senate committee on foreign relations

                                                    March 23, 1995.
    Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee: We appreciate 
the opportunity to appear before this Committee to discuss the 
reorganization of our foreign affairs agencies. As this 
committee knows, we come to this issue not as management 
experts, but with the experience born of having spent our 
careers in government working on foreign policy and national 
security issues. We believe that the benefit of that experience 
has provided us with some insights, but also undoubtedly has 
imparted some prejudices. We intend to share the former with 
this committee, but must leave it to you to determine how much 
our perspectives have been affected by the latter.
    We do not intend to address the details of any specific 
reorganization proposal in our opening statement, although we 
will do our best to do so in response to your questions. Let us 
instead confine ourselves to:
          explaining why we think the time is right to 
        reorganize the way we make and conduct foreign policy;
          articulating some guidelines which we think ought to 
        inform any reorganization plan; and
          providing examples which illustrate why--in light of 
        these principles--we think the reorganization proposals 
        being considered by this Committee are very much on the 
        right track.

Why reorganize

    No one can deny that there has been a proliferation of 
foreign affairs agencies and functions over the years. One 
result has been growing inefficiencies and increasingly 
wasteful duplication. But even more important, this 
proliferation of agencies occurred in response to security-
related concerns which have since diminished or disappeared. 
Therefore, we are now encumbered by a plethora of programs 
which no longer are closely tied to, or clearly serve, U.S. 
national interests.

Why reorganize now

    The proposition that the end of the Cold War and the 
collapse of the Soviet empire require a fresh look at how we 
conduct foreign policy probably requires no elaboration. But it 
is worth recalling that origins of the agencies being 
considered for abolition are all rooted in a world which no 
longer exists.
    USIA and its subordinate agencies were designed to ensure 
that the American message was heard and the American way of 
life was clearly perceived through the din and fog of communist 
Cold War propaganda.
          AID had its roots in a Truman initiative to stem the 
        rise of communism after World War II.
          ACDA was created to provide an institutional advocate 
        for arms control when hostility rather than cooperation 
        characterized relations between the two superpowers.
    We need to ask ourselves, whether these institutions--born 
of the Cold War--still make sense today. If they do not, then 
we can save precious resources for more productive foreign 
affairs purposes by eliminating what has become wasteful 
duplication and, at the same time, improve organizational 
effectiveness by reintegrating programs that ought to be 
managed together.
    But we need to go further and ask ourselves whether the 
functions these agencies perform still make sense today. And if 
they do not, then the functions themselves should be 
discontinued, rather than simply transferred to the State 
Department.

Strengthening foreign policy integration

    Although we have serious reservations about how much the 
Congress should get into the business of legislating executive 
branch organization, we agree wholeheartedly with the premise 
of the reorganization proposals, namely that the Secretary of 
State should be the official who, after the President, has the 
primary responsibility for the formulation and conduct of our 
foreign policy. These proposals also have it right in their 
efforts to promote foreign policy integration by combining 
related and duplicative activities which are now dispersed 
among several agencies. And if an assessment leads--as we 
believe it should--to the conclusion that several functions 
should be radically reduced or abolished rather than simply 
transferred to State, then we should end up with an improved 
operation which will not overload the capacity of that--or any 
other--department.
    But effective foreign policy integration will require 
efforts in three additional areas as well: inside the State 
Department itself, in the larger Washington interagency 
process, and overseas.
    Improving Integration inside State. Creating separate 
bureaus and different officials to handle some of the specific 
issues for which the State Department will assume 
responsibility is a good way to ensure that these issues get 
the attention they deserve in the welter of competing 
priorities. This traditionally has been the rationale for the 
so-called ``function'' bureaus in State. But relying on these 
functional bureaus and officials to meld these priorities into 
policy and translate them into action probably would be a 
mistake. Rather than singling out such issues for special 
treatment, such an approach both conveys a sense that they are 
not part of the main business of diplomacy, and isolates them 
from the officials who are primarily responsible for carrying 
out policies in ways that affect other government's behavior.
    Effective integration inside the State Department, instead, 
must start with the regional assistant secretaries and their 
bureaus, simply because so much of our foreign policy still 
takes shape and is implemented in geographical terms, i.e., 
with respect to particular countries, regions, and governments. 
It could be argued, in fact, that the more important the 
issue--from trade promotion to public diplomacy--the more 
important it is that it be made an explicit and integral 
responsibility of each regional bureau.
    Effective integration inside the State Department also 
requires that the Under Secretaries function as real line 
managers who are responsible for reconciling competing 
priorities within their respective areas of responsibility. 
Otherwise, too many disputes will be referred to the Secretary 
and the Deputy Secretary, who are bound to become overloaded as 
a result. This means that the division of labor among the Under 
Secretaries needs to cut across rather than reinforce the 
divisions which necessarily exist between the functional and 
regional bureaus. It also means that Under Secretaries must 
have authority over regional bureaus within their respective 
areas of substantive responsibility. For example, the Latin 
American bureau and the functional bureau with responsibility 
for counternarcotics probably should report to the same Seventh 
Floor official because counternarcotics is a major--but far 
from the only--issue we have with our Latin American neighbors.
    Improving Integration in the Washington Policy Process. 
Moving to consolidate several foreign affairs programs inside 
the State Department will place an additional, and 
considerable, burden on that agency. It is, moreover, a 
department which is not now well suited, either by historical 
experience or current bureaucratic culture, to assume many of 
these new responsibilities. These realities mean that any plan 
to overhaul the foreign affairs system must be based on the 
premise that the President and the Secretary of State will make 
a conscious effort to select appointees--particularly at the 
Under Secretary level--who have had substantial managerial 
experience either within or outside government, and who have a 
demonstrated ability to think integratively effectively. 
Further, and crucially, any reorganization plan should give 
explicit attention and be prepared to devote real resources to 
training programs at the Foreign Service Institute (FSI), 
appropriate universities, or at some of the training 
institutions already funded by the U.S. Government.
    But even if all of these measures are taken, and even if 
they all prove successful, effective foreign policy integration 
cannot be accomplished solely within the confines of the State 
Department. There are two related reasons for this.
    First, it is simply unrealistic to believe that other 
agencies will regularly follow the lead of the State Department 
on ``foreign policy'' issues which also are within their 
purview and about which they feel strongly. It likewise is 
unrealistic to assume that senior State Department officials 
could effectively carry out the job of interagency 
coordination, even if they were given the formal responsibility 
and authority for doing so. No matter how effective and 
persuasive such official may be, they still will be seen by the 
leadership of other departments as advocates rather than 
disinterested umpires.
    Second and related, there are--and will remain--areas of 
expertise in other departments which are key to the formulation 
and conduct of effective foreign policy. The Treasury 
Department for issues related to international economics, and 
the Defense Department for issues related to regional security 
and arms control, come immediately to mind. There is no 
realistic possibility of simply transferring those areas of 
expertise to the State Department because these competencies 
are central to the mandates of the agencies in which such 
experts now reside. Put simply, the Treasury and Defense 
Departments could not do their jobs if everyone whose 
responsibilities had foreign policy implications went to work 
for the State Department.
    The simple fact is that even after consolidating, 
streamlining, and integrating now far-flung foreign affairs 
activities in the State Department, there will remain an 
irreducible number of extremely important foreign policy, 
international economic policy, and national security questions 
for which responsibility must be shared with other departments 
and agencies. The emergence of trade and other economic issues 
as central foreign policy priorities vividly illustrates the 
point. Thus, there can be no substitute for an effective, 
efficient interagency process which is coordinated by a strong 
National Security Council staff, even if all of the objectives 
of the reorganization proposals under consideration are 
realized.
    Improving Integrating Overseas. Over the years, our 
overseas posts have come to reflect the same dispersion of 
foreign affairs functions and diffusion of authority as we have 
seen in Washington. One result is that our ambassadors 
increasingly are becoming little more than GSA-like landlords 
for the offices and staffs which a proliferating number of 
``domestic'' agencies are sending abroad. Plans to strengthen 
the effectiveness and efficiency of our foreign affairs 
activities need to attend to this trend.
    To some extent, consolidation of foreign affairs agencies 
and functions in Washington will produce corresponding benefits 
in the field. We believe, however, that it would be a mistake 
to deal with this problem by banishing expertise from the 
embassy's country team--on issues ranging from counter 
narcotics and other law enforcement matters to trade and 
defense--simply because those who posses the requisite skills 
do not happen to work for the State Department when they are in 
Washington. Explicitly re-emphasizing the ambassador's 
authority over personnel from other agencies--in part by making 
clear that they are not ``representatives'' from, and do not 
report to, these agencies--while they are serving in his or her 
embassy could help to enjoy the benefits of their skills while 
mitigating some of the problems. One concrete way to go beyond 
this rhetorical reaffirmation to reinforce the ambassador's 
authority would be to ``detail'' personnel from other agencies 
to State while they are serving in our embassies abroad.
    While we are on the subject of ambassadors and their 
authority, let us take the opportunity to add that we think it 
is a mistake to accord cabinet-rank to the American ambassador 
to the United Nations. In fact, doing so would seem to be 
directly contrary to the objectives of consolidating 
responsibility for foreign affairs inside the State Department 
and of making the Secretary of State the official responsible 
to the President for the formulation and conduct of foreign 
policy.
    Recognizing that he or she has a larger public role and 
therefore may require a correspondingly different mix of 
skills, we nevertheless believe that our ambassador to the UN 
in New York should have the same status as our ambassadors in 
other key posts--from London to Bonn to Tokyo to Moscow--
serving as the President's personal representative and 
reporting to the President through the Secretary of State. And, 
like the ambassadors at our other key posts, representing the 
United States in the UN is a full time job. That ambassador 
cannot and should not also serve as Assistant Secretary for 
International Organizations, any more than we would ask our 
ambassador to Bonn or London to wear a second hat as Assistant 
Secretary for European Affairs.
Refocusing foreign assistance

    Let us conclude by illustrating how these guidelines and 
principles might be applied to three specific areas of policy. 
We begin with the subject of foreign economic assistance.
    We start from the premise that our bilateral foreign 
assistance programs should be directly related to specific, 
identifiable U.S. foreign policy interests. Programs devoted to 
goals such as ``sustainable development,'' however worthy one 
may deem such objectives to be, do not meet this test. They 
should be ended rather than simply transferred to the State 
Department or some other U.S. government institution. As a 
corollary, the Agency for International Development should be 
abolished. To the degree that the United States is prepared to 
continue to support economic development programs, it should 
channel its support through the World Bank, other international 
financial institutions, and NGOs, and facilitate foreign 
investment by the private sector.
    The State Department should establish a process for 
allocating bilateral foreign assistance resources among 
recipients which parallels the process now in place for 
allocating security assistance. That is, a ``functional'' 
bureau should be responsible for constructing a global foreign 
assistance budget (much as the Bureau of Politico-Military 
Affairs now does for security assistance). That budget would 
then be sent to the regional bureaus which could propose 
adjustments and alternative allocations. Any differences which 
could not be resolved by the functional bureau and the regional 
bureaus would be referred to the responsible Under Secretary 
(much as disputes about security assistance allocations are now 
referred to the Under Secretary for International Security 
Affairs), and ultimately to the Secretary of State, who in any 
event should be responsible for approving the overall program 
and its major elements.

Rethinking public diplomacy

    We believe that USIA in general, and VOA in particular, are 
prime examples not only of agencies--but of functions--whose 
raison d'etre warrants a skeptical reappraisal. That is, we 
should be asking ourselves not only whether the functions now 
performed by an agency like the VOA should be transferred to 
the State Department, but also whether the functions themselves 
still make enough sense to be performed by any U.S. government 
agency.
    We think that the need for a VOA--much less one that 
originates and broadcasts programming--is at least questionable 
in a world in which CNN is now reaching into virtually every 
corner of the globe and the need to counter a massive Soviet 
propaganda machine has disappeared. Perhaps more to the point, 
those who would advocate the continuation of a VOA function (if 
not of the VOA itself) bear the burden of proving that a VOA 
can compete against CNN-like networks and can have a 
discernible impact in the context of the spreading information 
revolution.
    At the same time, we believe that there is a continuing--
even a growing--need for ``public diplomacy,'' that is, for 
reaching beyond the foreign ministries and governments which 
have been our traditional foreign policy audiences to the 
groups, associations, movements, etc., that increasingly affect 
how the United States is viewed and how our foreign policy is 
likely to be received. For the reasons explained above, these 
public diplomacy efforts--like our bilateral foreign assistance 
activities--are more likely to be an effective, integral part 
of our foreign policy if they result from the interplay between 
a functional bureau with designated responsibility for public 
diplomacy and the regional bureaus which are primarily 
responsible for policy execution, and if this interplay is 
overseen by an Under Secretary who is the line manager for this 
area. The same process also could manage and rationalize the 
plethora of ``international exchange'' programs which are now 
administered by a multitude of agencies, and which together 
probably run to well over $1 billion a year.
    The functional bureau in the State Department with 
responsibility for public diplomacy could be a reorganized 
Bureau of Public Affairs which sees its job not only in 
domestic but also in international terms. The overseas 
responsibilities of the United States Information Service, 
including the reading rooms, could become the responsibility of 
the embassies' public information officers under the direction 
of the ambassador.
Reorganizing arms control

    As noted above, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was 
established at the height of the Cold War when the hallmark of 
relations between the superpowers was deep mutual suspicion, if 
not outright hostility. In such an environment, the case for 
arms control arrangements--which are premised on at least a 
modicum of mutual interest and cooperation--was not likely to 
be made, and was even less likely to be listened to. ACDA was 
created in large part to be the institutional voice that made 
the ``arms control case,'' that is, to ensure that even in the 
Cold War environment, arms control opportunities which served 
U.S. interests were not overlooked and that arms control 
considerations were fairly weighed.
    Precisely because arms control requires some level of 
cooperation, moreover, arms control during the Cold War--
particularly U.S.-Soviet arms control--was more likely to make 
progress to the extent that it could be insulated and pursued 
apart from the overall superpower competition. The existence of 
an independent arms control agency facilitated that objective 
as well. Finally, as arms control agreements were achieved, 
ACDA assumed lead responsibility at the working level for 
managing their implementation, with respect both to 
verification and compliance.
    The current functions of, and need for, ACDA should be 
examined against this historical backdrop. ACDA's policy 
responsibilities and the context within which they are 
performed have undergone major changes. Most obvious, of 
course, is the transformed security environment which has 
flowed from the end of the Cold War and of the Soviet Union 
itself. Perhaps less obvious is the change in the kinds of arms 
control issues with which we are now preoccupied.
    Our arms control agenda now is filled with issues arising 
from the threat--or reality--of the proliferation of weapons of 
mass destruction. These proliferation issues typically do not 
benefit from being insulated from the political and security 
relationships in which they are embedded. On the contrary, our 
ability to address a wide range of proliferation threats 
effectively will derive directly from our ability to engage the 
underlying security and political issues and, in particular, to 
maintain and strengthen our current security relationships. And 
these are areas in which the State and Defense Departments, not 
ACDA, have both the responsibility and the expertise. In brief, 
ACDA--viewed as a policy agency--should be disbanded in the 
interests of improved policy integration and coherence.
    The fate of ACDA as an operating agency--especially in its 
role for such things as overseeing the On-Site Inspection 
Agency (OSIA)--may be a closer call. On balance, however, 
efficiency and streamlining considerations argue for abolishing 
ACDA and transferring responsibility for OSIA and similar 
activities to the Department of Defense which, in any case, 
already provides the vast majority of the personnel.
                                ------                                

                                       U.S. Senate,
                            Committee on Foreign Relations,
                                    Washington, DC, March 30, 1995.
Hon. Richard M. Moose,
Under Secretary for Management, U.S. Department of State, Washington, 
        DC.
    Dear Mr. Secretary: Thank you very much for testifying 
before the Foreign Relations Committee today.
    We appreciate your thoughtful presentation and your 
agreeing to provide the Committee with the following 
information:
    What critical functions of ACDA, AID, and USIA are so 
agency specific that they could not be successfully merged into 
the Department of State? Why?
    How will our proposed consolidation, once achieved, affect 
the State Department's funding and FTE needs?
    Identify and quantify the costs associated with eliminating 
duplicated positions necessary to carry out consolidation, 
including, but not limited to: RIFs, relocation; severance; 
refunds of retirement contributions; and, refunds of unused 
leave. For how long will such costs occur?
    What programmatic positions in the State Department are 
duplicated by others in USIA, AID or ACDA? How are these 
positions represented in your budget? How many full time 
equivalent personnel are employed in these positions? What is 
the total amount outlayed by your agency on these positions?
    Would you tell us what administrative functions within your 
agency you recommended be consolidated, eliminated or 
transferred? Would you tell us how much money would be saved by 
doing this?
    Has the Vice President's office, the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the administration 
given your department targets for funding/budget reductions in 
1996 or for the next 5 year budget cycle? What activities or 
programs would you reduce if Congress directed a 10 percent 
reduction in 150 spending? And if Congress directed a 20 
percent reduction?
    We will further appreciate you providing that information 
by April 5, 1995.
    Thank you.
            Sincerely,
                                                       Jesse Helms.
                                ------                                

                                  U.S. Department of State,
                                     Washington, DC, April 6, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: Under Secretary Moose has asked that we 
respond to your letter of March 30. Question-by-question 
replies to your specific questions are enclosed. As Under 
Secretary Moose noted in his testimony to your committee on 
that date, the Vice President has initiated a second phase in 
the National Performance Review to identify further reforms and 
efficiencies in government-wide operations. In addition, 
through the Department of State's Strategic Management 
Initiative, Secretary Christopher is pursuing an energetic 
review of the Department's administrative functions, overseas 
post structure, reporting process and other areas in order to 
help the Department sustain its leadership in the formulation 
and implementation of foreign policy.
    We are confident that these reviews will lead to budget 
efficiencies and a more effective policy-making process, and we 
look forward to sharing our findings and recommendations with 
you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if we can be of any 
further assistance on this or any other issue.
            Sincerely,
                                          Wendy R. Sherman,
                          Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs.
    Enclosure.

                           critical functions

    Question 1. What critical functions of ACDA, AID, and USIA 
are so agency specific that they could not be successfully 
merged into the Department of State? Why?
    Answer. As was announced by the White House on February 15, 
the Vice President concluded that ``the core functions of 
USAID--sustainable development, USIA--public diplomacy, and 
ACDA--arms control are as important in the post-Cold War period 
as they were before and they can be most effectively carried 
out by independent agencies working closely with State 
Department offices.'' The Secretary of State fully agrees with 
and supports the conclusion that these critical functions 
should not be merged into the State Department.
    We believe that encouraging sustainable development, 
providing humanitarian assistance, advancing public diplomacy 
and promoting arms control are essential missions of our 
foreign policy. In re-examining the strengths and purposes of 
each of the foreign affairs agencies that support our overall 
foreign policy, we have identified separate but complementary 
missions that are best pursued by leaner, more effective 
independent institutions under the overall foreign policy 
guidance of the Secretary of State.

                          funding and fte cuts

    Question 2. How will our proposed consolidation, once 
achieved, affect the State Department's funding and FTE needs?
    Answer. Until we can analyze the details of an actual 
legislative proposal, it would be difficult to determine how 
the far-reaching changes to organizations and programs, as 
provided in your press release of March 15, would affect 
operations at the State Department. We believe the impact on 
funding and positions (FTE) is likely to be substantial and hit 
us in ways we cannot anticipate.
    We do know that we would be concerned about many questions, 
such as: Which programs, functions and personnel would be 
retained? How would personnel be integrated into one 
organization? What steps would we have to take to reconfigure 
office space, how long would that take and what would it cost? 
What would happen to field offices and posts overseas? How 
would our already inadequate information, financial and other 
corporate systems be adapted?
    However, the savings and costs associated with 
implementation of the reforms being pushed on an accelerated 
basis by the Secretary's Strategic Management Initiative and by 
the Vice President's National Performance Review--it will be 
provided to the Congress upon completion.
                     rifs and other personnel costs

    Question 3. Identify and quantify the costs associated with 
eliminating duplicated positions necessary to carry out 
consolidation, including, but not limited to: RIFS; relocation; 
severance; refunds of retirement contributions; and, refunds of 
unused leave. For how long will such costs occur?
    Answer. As I mentioned in an answer to a previous question 
it is not possible for us to provide detailed estimates subject 
to completion of the Strategic Management Initiative and NPR II 
reviews. However, with respect to the particular areas you have 
identified, the following factors and costs would have to be 
considered if such actions were required:
    RIFs--Employees separated under RIF procedures are entitled 
to severance pay if they are not otherwise eligible for an 
immediate annuity. Depending on an individual's length of 
service, severance pay can be the equivalent of a full years 
salary for that employee. For example, in a Foreign Service 
RIF, older higher graded employees cost considerably more to 
RIF than do younger employees with less service. If a key goal 
of the consolidation effort is to reduce management positions, 
then it would most likely concentrate on the most expensive 
group of employees to RIF.
    Relocation--The average cost to relocate an employee from 
overseas back to Washington or between two overseas posts is 
approximately $24,000. In addition to costs associated with 
reassignment of employees, the Foreign Service also pays to 
move employees to their retirement location. The average cost 
of a retirement move is $12,000 per employee. In the event a 
RIF of Foreign Service employees took place, we would have to 
make a similar payment for the movement of separated employees 
to their separation address.
    Leave--Our experience shows that in addition to other costs 
associated with the separation of an employee, the lump sum 
payment for unused leave can be a substantial cost.
    Retirement--Costs could include a potential refund of 
retirement contributions and additional outlays charged to the 
Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund.
    Training--With the movement of employees and the 
requirement of employees to take on new or greater 
responsibilities there would be a training cost. It would 
manifest itself either through the cost associated with formal 
training or through lost productivity as an employee gains 
experience through on-the-job training.
    Most of the costs associated with the elimination of 
positions would be one-time expenses.

                   duplicated programmatic positions

    Question 4. What programmatic positions in the State 
Department are duplicated by others in USIA, AID or ACDA? How 
are these positions represented in your budget? How many full 
time equivalent personnel are employed in these positions? What 
is the total amount outlayed by your agency on these positions?
    Answer 4. Since we believe that the missions of each agency 
are essential, unique and complementary, there is no simple 
formula for concluding that a certain category of personnel are 
duplicative and that a certain amount of funds are associated 
directly and uniquely with those personnel. The question of 
what is a ``duplicated position'' between our agencies is one 
that is under active consideration by the Vice President's 
National Performance Review (NPR) team.
    We do anticipate that in cooperation with the NPR, our 
agencies will identify some positions for elimination in the 
functional areas specified in the Vice President's press 
release of January 27. I can also assure you that Secretary 
Christopher has asked me to ensure that our internal SMI teams 
similarly review our own operations in order to reduce 
unnecessary overlap within the Department, for example, between 
our regional and functional bureaus. However, specific 
estimates on FTE and dollars are currently unavailable but will 
be provided to the Congress upon completion of the Secretary's 
Strategic Management Initiative and phase II of the Vice 
President's National Performance Review.
                         administrative overlap

    Question 5. Would you tell us the administrative functions 
within your agency you recommended be consolidated, eliminated 
or transferred? Would you tell us how much money would be saved 
by doing this?
    Answer 5. As I indicated in my testimony on March 30, we 
are actively engaged in efforts to dramatically enhance 
cooperation in the Administrative service areas both in the 
U.S. and at our posts overseas. While it is not yet possible to 
put a ``price tag'' on the savings, I am confident that our 
efforts in this field will make support operations for all 
agencies overseas much more efficient and that over the long 
term these reforms will lead to streamlined staffing and some 
real savings.
    At this point I would like to reiterate the areas where we 
do recommend that steps be taken to combine services.
    Each of the foreign affairs agencies is proceeding 
vigorously with its own streamlining efforts. Based on 
instructions from the Vice President, State representatives 
have been meeting with their counterparts from AID, ACDA, and 
USIA to review areas of possible overlap and duplication and to 
establish common administrative services.
    Establishing common administrative support services among 
the agencies is the job of 12 working groups. They are 
examining ``best practices'', looking for economies of scale, 
establishing common rules and standards and, in all of this, 
putting the customer first.
    STATE/USAID/USIA/ACDA have combined, or agreed to combine, 
24 domestic administrative operations, ranging from printing 
services to computer security. I will submit more material 
about these changes in the coming weeks for the record. These 
include:

  Storage of Household Goods
  Foreign Language Training
  Area Studies Training
  Dependent Training and Orientation Programs
  Retirement Planning/Career Transition Services
  Drug Free Workplace
  Occupational Safety and Health Services
  Motor Pool Services (does not include USIA because it is not 
            co-located)
  Electronic Voice Mail (does not yet include USIA because it 
            is not co-located)
  International Mail Service
  Building Security Services (does not include USIA, which 
            contracts from GSA)
  Shared CD-ROM Regulatory Information Services
  Domestic Telecommunications
  Computer Hardware/Software Purchase
  Personnel Policy Development
  Travel and Transportation Policy Development
  Security and General Briefings for Personnel Being Assigned 
            Overseas
  Ridesharing
  Overseas Residential Furniture Purchase
  Printing Services
  Computer Security Services
  Medical Clearance Procedures for Assignment Overseas
  Co-location of Mainframe Computers (State and USAID)
  Family Liaison Services

    In the training area the National Foreign Affairs Training 
Center (NFATC) trains employees of 44 federal agencies.
    Furthermore, we are also working actively to expand on the 
cooperative efforts listed above. These include the following 
additional areas for potential common services, ranging from 
common security clearances to joint information systems 
development:

  Travel Management
  Co-location of Records Management Facilities
  Personal Property Claims Processing
  Common Building Access
  Security Clearances
  Officer Orientation Course
  Contracting
  Simplified Travel Vouchers
  Printing and Reproduction
  Warehousing
  Systems Development

    We will also increase the compatibility of all management 
information systems, e-mail, Internet and secure messaging. 
This effort will enable our organizations to work better 
together.
    In a broader context, under the auspices of the President's 
Management Council (PMC), State/USIA/USAID, together with the 
FCS and several other departments and agencies, are currently 
examining the feasibility of combined administrative support 
units overseas.
    This same PMC study is now reviewing the financing of 
overseas administrative support functions with the purpose of 
devising a financing mechanism which will be simple, 
transparent (including to the Congress) and equitable to all 
agencies. Placing our overseas foreign policy platform on such 
a sound footing is an essential aspect of our diplomatic 
readiness. This is a problem which Secretary Christopher is 
interested in resolving urgently.
    The results of this review soon will be made available to 
the other foreign affairs agencies. It is the Department's hope 
that this process will identify other possible areas for 
administrative consolidation. The operating changes I have 
described will contribute their proportional part of the 
savings that the Administration committed to in the President's 
FY 1996 Budget.
    The complexities in operating 266 posts in 163 countries 
are enormous. The practical demands on our administrative 
people are often overwhelming. But while administrative support 
arrangements are important, our management efforts are not an 
end in themselves. They matter because they support the 
programs of the State Department and all of the other Federal 
agencies that operate overseas. Our mission is to maintain our 
effective readiness to advance the interests of the American 
people worldwide.

                            budget guidance

    Question 6. Has the Vice President's office, the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the 
administration given your department targets for funding/budget 
reductions in 1996 or for the next 5 year budget cycle? What 
activities or programs would you reduce if Congress directed a 
10 percent reduction in 150 spending? And if Congress directed 
a 20 percent reduction?
    Answer 6. Guidance for Fiscal Year 1996 and the following 
four years is contained in the President's budget documents for 
Fiscal Year 1996. The guidance envisions reductions of 9 
percent from FY 1996 request amounts in FY 2000. Absent further 
guidance, we cannot provide information on what Department of 
State activities or programs would be reduced if there were 10 
percent or 20 percent reductions in function 150 spending.
                                ------                                

                                       U.S. Senate,
                            Committee on Foreign Relations,
                                    Washington, DC, March 30, 1995.
Hon. Brian Atwood,
Administrator, Agency for International Development
Washington, DC.
    Dear Brian: Thank you very much for testifying before the 
Foreign Relations Committee today.
    We appreciate your thoughtful presentation and your 
agreeing to provide the Committee with the following 
information:
    What functions performed within your agency are not agency-
specific, and therefore could be merged (for example, 
Management, Policy Planning/Coordination, Legislative/Public 
Affairs, General Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, 
Communications Systems, Personnel). How many full time 
equivalent personnel are employed in these positions that your 
agency has in common with the Department of State? What is the 
total dollar amount spent annually per department/office on 
these positions?
    By how much will funding levels change in your agency for 
the reduced staff levels (FTEs) in these various departments/
offices, after the functions are merged?
    Identify and quantify the costs associated with eliminating 
these positions including, but not limited to: RIFs; 
relocation; severance; refunds of retirement contributions; 
and, refunds of unused leave. For how long will such costs 
occur?
    What programmatic positions in your agency are duplicated 
by the State Department? How are these positions represented in 
your budget? How many full time equivalent personnel are 
employed in these positions? What is the total amount outlayed 
by your agency on these positions?
    Identify any bureaus, offices, positions that are too 
specific to your agency for consolidating into the State 
Department. Of these offices, could any be combined with 
similar offices in one of the other agencies excluding the 
State Department?
    What savings could be generated by combining all regional 
offices, thereby eliminating functional divisions? What costs 
would be incurred and for what duration?
    What administrative functions within your agency did you 
recommend to the Vice President's Reinventing Government Office 
be consolidated, eliminated or transferred? How much money 
would your agency save by doing this?
    Has the Vice President's office, the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the administration 
provided your agency any targets for funding/budget reductions 
in 1996 or for the next 5 year budget cycle? What activities or 
programs would you reduce if Congress directed a 10 percent 
reduction in 150 spending? And if Congress directed a 20 
percent reduction?
    What savings in administrative overhead would be generated 
through the elimination of traditional AID administration of 
development assistance and creation of an International 
Development Foundation employing approximately 250 individuals? 
What costs would be associated with this transition when 
considering RIFs, severance pay, refunds of retirement 
contributions, and refunds for unused leave?
    What savings could be generated by closing all overseas 
A.I.D. missions and either transferring all A.I.D. real 
property to the Department of State or selling the property and 
returning the receipts to the U.S. Treasury?
    We will further appreciate you providing that information 
by April 5, 1995.
    Thank you.
            Sincerely,
                                                       Jesse Helms.
                                ------                                

                                    U.S. Agency for
                                 International Development,
                                     Washington, DC, April 5, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: Thank you for your letter of March 30, 
1995, giving me the opportunity to respond to your additional 
questions. The information you requested is as follows:
    1. Question. What specific functions performed within your 
agency are not agency-specific, and therefore could be merged 
(for example, Management, Policy Planning/Coordination, 
Legislative/Public Affairs, General Counsel, Office of the 
Inspector General, Communication Systems, Personnel). How many 
full time equivalent personnel are engaged in these positions 
that your agency has in common with the Department of State? 
What is the total dollar amount spent annually per department/
office on these positions?
    Response. The organization of Executive Branch foreign 
assistance programs was studied at the beginning of the Clinton 
Administration and a decision reached that USAID should not be 
merged into the Department of State. Over the past two years, 
this Agency's reinvention has assured that all administrative 
and program functions directly support our core mission of 
providing sustainable development and humanitarian assistance; 
therefore, none could be effectively merged with State's. We 
expect, however, that the second phase of Vice-President Gore's 
National Performance Review, which includes a review of 
administrative functions of the foreign affairs agencies, will 
produce some efficiencies through shared, or common, 
operations. Once that review is complete, we will provide you 
with the results.
    While some of the administrative functions performed by 
USAID have the same generic names as functions in State and 
elsewhere, they are basically different. Some examples are:
    Both agencies have procurement (contracting) functions, but 
State procures mainly administrative goods and services for use 
by the Department, whereas most of USAID's procurement consists 
of contracts and grants for technical services and commodities 
which constitute assistance to recipient countries. The average 
size of USAID's individual procurements is much larger than 
those of State, and the expertise needed by contracting 
officers is quite different.
    Both agencies have policy planning/coordination functions. 
State's is directed mainly at diplomatic and political 
strategies, where USAID's involves strategic approaches to 
economic development assistance in a number of substantive 
areas such as economic growth, environment, democracy and 
population/health. The skills needed for the two functions 
differ markedly.
    Even in the field of financial management and accounting, 
USAID's systems are designed to control and monitor the $7.5 
billion in assistance programs (including credit as well as 
grant activities) and support costs administered annually by 
the Agency. State's systems related to its own costs and 
expenses, which center on salaries and benefits for its 
domestic and overseas staff. Again, functions with the same 
title are quite different between the two agencies.
    Given the basic difference in functions, there are no full-
time equivalent personnel employed in ``common'' positions, and 
no funds are spent on such positions.
    2. Question. By how much will funding levels change in your 
agency for the reduced staff levels (FTEs) in these various 
departments/offices, after the functions are merged?
    Response. As indicated in the previous response, we do not 
believe there are overlapping functions between USAID and the 
Department of State, so savings would not be achieved by 
merging the two agencies. The members of the Ferris Commission, 
which examined USAID in 1992 and originally recommended that 
the Agency be merged with State, have recently agreed that 
merger would not be appropriate.
    Question. Identify and quantify the costs associated with 
eliminating (sic) these positions including, but not limited 
to: RIFs; relocation; severance; refunds of retirement 
contributions; and, refunds of unused leave. For how long will 
such costs occur?
    Response. As stated above, no positions would be eliminated 
because there are no clear overlaps. Therefore, no costs would 
be incurred.
    4. Question. What programmatic positions in your agency are 
duplicated by the State Department? How are these positions 
represented in your budget? How many full time equivalent 
personnel are employed in these positions? What is the total 
amount outlayed by your agency on these positions?
    Response. We do not believe there are programmatic 
positions in USAID that are duplicated by the State Department. 
One area in which both agencies have important functions 
relates to Humanitarian Assistance, where USAID administers 
programs of disaster assistance and food aid while State is 
responsible for refugee and migration assistance. The National 
Performance Review is currently examining the international 
humanitarian assistance function, including organizational 
options, to ensure that it is carried out effectively and 
efficiently.
    5. Question. Identify any bureaus, offices, positions that 
are too specific to your agency for consolidating into the 
State Department. Of these offices, could any be combined with 
similar offices in one of the other agencies excluding the 
State Department?
    Response. All of USAID's bureaus and offices are specific 
to the Agency and could not be effectively consolidated into 
State or into one of the other agencies.
    6. Question. What savings could be generated by combining 
all regional offices, thereby eliminating functional divisions? 
What costs would be incurred and for what duration?
    Response. On the assumption that regional offices refers to 
State and USAID regional bureaus, we believe that the bureaus 
of the two agencies have basically different functions and 
could not effectively be combined. The State bureaus are 
organized mainly to backstop embassies, to conduct the 
Washington side of diplomatic relations with foreign nations 
and to receive and review political and economic reporting. 
USAID bureaus backstop our field missions, review and monitor 
the Agency's overseas programs and administer regional and 
central assistance activities. Therefore, no savings (or short-
term costs) would be realized.
    7. Question. What administrative functions within your 
agency did you recommended (sic) to the Vice President's 
Reinventing Government Office be consolidated, eliminated or 
transferred? How much money would your agency save by doing 
this?
    Response. The National Performance Review undertook a 
detailed examination of USAID and the other foreign affairs 
agencies before deciding to recommend against consolidation of 
functions. USAID, however, has been engaged in administrative 
and organizational improvements since the beginning of the 
Clinton Administration. These include:
          A major headquarters reorganization in 1993 which 
        streamlined operations in Washington, including the 
        elimination of 90 management units;
          the closing of 21 overseas posts (with six more 
        recently announced) which is concentrating our field 
        programs in countries which most need economic aid and 
        can make the best use of it;
          a cut of more than 1,200 staff to date (with 800 more 
        planned in the coming year) as well as a 25% reduction 
        in senior foreign service and senior executive service 
        positions which have significantly lowered USAID's cost 
        of operations; and
          the reengineering and redesign of the Agency's 
        program and administrative processes and information 
        systems, to be completed by October, 1995, which will 
        permit USAID to operate more effectively and 
        demonstrate results more clearly than in previous years 
        while operating with fewer staff.
    In addition, USAID is working with the other foreign 
affairs agencies to consolidate administrative functions in 
Washington and overseas where doing so will permit more 
efficient operations.
    8. Question. Has the Vice President's office, the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the 
administration provided your agency any targets for funding/
budget reductions in 1996 or for the next 5 year budget cycle? 
What activities or programs would you reduce if Congress 
directed a 10 percent reduction in 150 spending? And if 
Congress directed a 20 percent reduction?
    Response. Guidance for Fiscal Year 1996 and the following 
four years is contained in the President's budget documents for 
Fiscal Year 1996. The guidance envisions reductions of 9 
percent from FY 1996 request amounts in FY 2000. Absent further 
guidance, we cannot provide information on what USAID 
activities or programs would be reduced if there were 10 
percent or 20 percent reductions in Function 150 spending. We 
believe that the levels requested by the President for Fiscal 
Year 1996 are the minimum appropriate to carry out the missions 
and functions assigned to this Agency.
    9. Question. What savings in administrative overhead would 
be generated through the elimination of traditional AID 
administration of development assistance and creation of an 
International Development Foundation employing approximately 
250 individuals? What costs would be associated with this 
transition when considering RIFs, severance pay, refunds of 
retirement contributions, and refunds for unused leave?
    Response. It is not possible to answer this question 
without a better understanding of what functions would be 
assigned to an International Development Foundation and what 
functions currently administered by USAID would be carried on 
by agencies other than the foundation. If, for example, the 
foundation were assigned only the functions currently performed 
by USAID's Office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation, our 
central PVO coordination operation, a staffing level of 250 
would represent a major increase and no savings would accrue.
    10. Question. What savings would be generated by closing 
all overseas A.I.D. missions and either transferring all A.I.D. 
real property to the Department of State or selling the 
property and returning the receipts to the U.S. Treasury?
    Response. Based on estimated FY 1996 costs, closing all 
overseas posts would save some $300 million annually after all 
posts were completely closed. This includes about $107 million 
in salaries and benefits for U.S. direct-hire staff assigned 
overseas, and assumes that these people would be terminated and 
not moved to Washington to carry out development activities. 
The savings are in gross terms, and do not take into account 
termination expenses such as contract and lease penalty clauses 
as well as RIF and other costs of firing U.S. and foreign 
national employees.
    The current ``book value'' of USAID-owned overseas real 
property is $45.6 million. This amount probably understates 
significantly the sale value of the property because it 
reflects the cost of land and buildings when they were 
procured. If some or all of the property were to be transferred 
to the Department of State, no income would accrue to the 
United States government.
            Sincerely,
                                                   J. Brian Atwood.
                                ------                                

                                       U.S. Senate,
                            Committee on Foreign Relations,
                                    Washington, DC, March 30, 1995.
Hon. John D. Holum,
Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Washington, DC.
    Dear Ambassador Holum: Thank you very much for testifying 
before the Foreign Relations Committee today.
    We appreciate your thoughtful presentation and your 
agreeing to provide the Committee with the following 
information:
    What functions performed within your agency are not agency-
specific, and therefore could be merged (for example, 
Management, Policy Planning/Coordination, Legislative/Public 
Affairs, General Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, 
Communication systems, Personnel). How many full time 
equivalent personnel are employed in these positions that your 
agency has in common with the Department of State? What is the 
total dollar amount spent annually per department/office on 
these positions?
    By how much will funding levels change in your agency for 
the reduced staff levels (FTEs) in these various departments/
offices, after the functions are merged?
    Identify and quantify the costs associated with eliminating 
these positions including, but not limited to: RIFs; 
relocation; severance; refunds of retirement contributions; 
and, refunds of unused leave. For how long will such costs 
occur?
    What programmatic positions in your agency are duplicated 
by the State Department? How are these positions represented in 
your budget? How many full time equivalent personnel are 
employed in these positions? What is the total amount outlayed 
by your agency on these positions?
    Identify any bureaus, offices, positions that are too 
specific to your agency for consolidating into the State 
Department. Of these offices, could any be combined with 
similar offices in one of the other agencies excluding the 
State Department?
    What savings could be generated by combining all regional 
offices, thereby eliminating functional divisions? What costs 
would be incurred and for what duration?
    Would you tell us what administrative functions within your 
agency you recommended be consolidated, eliminated or 
transferred? Would you tell us how much money would be saved by 
doing this?
    Has the Vice President's office, the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the administration 
given any of you targets for funding/budget reductions in 1996 
or for the next 5 year budget cycle? What activities or 
programs would you reduce if we directed a 10 percent reduction 
in 150 spending? And if we directed a 20 percent reduction?
    We will further appreciate you providing that information 
by April 5, 1995.
    Thank you.
            Sincerely,
                                                       Jesse Helms.
                                ------                                

                         United States Arms Control
                                    and Disarmament Agency,
                                                    Washington, DC.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: I appreciated the opportunity to testify 
on March 30, 1995, before the Foreign Relations Subcommittee on 
International Operations on your proposal to consolidate the 
foreign affairs agencies. I am pleased to provide you this 
additional information about the U.S. Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency (ACDA) as requested in your March 30th 
letter and look forward to addressing the specifics of your 
proposal again before the Committee after legislation is 
introduced.
    As you know, ACDA is a small agency of 251 employees with a 
core budget of $45 million. Just last year, a bipartisan 
Congress enacted the Arms Control and Nonproliferation Act of 
1994, which revitalized ACDA to address the nonproliferation 
challenges of the post-Cold War era.
    The Vice President's National Performance Review on January 
27, 1995 reaffirmed the Administration's clear confidence in 
the performance of ACDA and concluded that it is an essential 
vehicle for accomplishing the arms control and nonproliferation 
missions of the United States Government.
    You and I share the view that our government is in need of 
reform and restructuring so that it works better and costs 
less. That is why in my sixteen months as Director, ACDA has 
followed the leadership of the Vice President and undertaken a 
number of reform and streamlining initiatives to eliminate 
lower priority missions and increase our effectiveness and 
efficiency.
    Along these lines, ACDA has done the following: completed 
an agency-wide management review that identified reforms in 10 
different areas ranging from the ``tasking'' process to truth 
in personnel evaluations; begun implementing a strategic plan 
that gauges performance by results rather than time or funds 
spent, meeting the standards of the Government Performance and 
Results Act several years ahead of schedule; reduced the layers 
of government, cutting the ratio of supervisors to front-line 
workers by about one-third; and, undertaken a broad 
streamlining effort, the fruits of which include dropping 
several lower-priority activities, and eliminating a quarter of 
our operating divisions.
    Additionally, ACDA has taken strong steps to streamline and 
reduce costs overseas by reducing the number of apartments in 
Geneva from nine to three; consolidating ACDA's cashier 
function with State; reducing Foreign National employees from 
35 to 20; and eliminating three armored cars and reducing the 
number of executive cars by 50 percent.
    Phase II of the National Performance Review calls for 
continued streamlining, reinvention and additional savings in 
each of the foreign affairs agencies including ACDA. ACDA will 
accelerate its streamlining of operations in Washington and 
will further cut back overseas costs by looking at ways to use 
telecommunications and computer resources among others to 
improve efficiencies. We are also working closely with the 
Department of State to identify and eliminate unnecessary 
duplication and overlap in our substantive and policy 
activities. That process will be completed soon.
    The foreign affairs agencies are also working together to 
establish more common administrative services. Between ACDA and 
State, much consolidation is already in place and will be 
expanded. Pursuant to the Vice President's decision, ACDA's 
substantive operations will provide better and closer support 
for the State Department. We will more directly serve as a 
resource for the Secretary of State and will continue to work 
under his overall foreign policy guidance.
    The Vice President's National Performance Review directives 
will give taxpayers value for their money by producing less 
hierarchical, more efficient government. We are already 
achieving results through these initiatives and hope you concur 
that we should give these reforms an opportunity to be fully 
implemented.
    Enclosed are answers to the questions submitted to ACDA 
following the hearing. If you have any further questions or 
need any additional information, please do not hesitate to 
contact me.
            Sincerely,
                                                     John D. Holum.
    Enclosures.
    Question No. 1. What functions performed within your agency 
are not agency-specific, and therefore could merge (for 
example, Management, Policy Planning/Coordination, legislative/
Public Affairs, general Counsel, Office of the Inspector 
General, Communication systems, Personnel). How many full time 
equivalent personnel are employed in these positions that your 
agency has in common with the Department of State? What is the 
total dollar amount spent annually per department/office on 
these positions?
    Answer. ACDA now shares certain functions (e.g. Inspector 
General, Overseas Communications) with the State Department. In 
addition to the common administrative services we already share 
with other agencies, the four foreign affairs agencies are 
addressing the consolidation of additional administrative 
support services under the direction of the Vice President's 
National Performance Review. To date the foreign affairs 
agencies have identified twelve areas of common support and 
have created equally as many task forces to address these 
services--who best performs them, which is the most economical 
venue without compromising efficiencies and effectiveness. The 
twelve areas currently being reviewed are: warehousing, records 
management, declassification, travel vouchering, travel 
management, shipping, printing, property claims, security, 
training, software development, and contracts.
    Question No. 2. By how much will funding levels change in 
your agency for the reduced staff levels (FTEs) in these 
various departments/offices, after the functions are merged?
    Answer. Savings may be possible in some support services, 
(eg. warehousing), however, the dollar savings, if any, would 
be small.
    Question No. 3. Identify and quantify the costs associated 
with eliminated positions including, but not limited to: RIFs; 
relocation; severance; refunds of retirement contributions; 
and, refunds of unused leave. For how long will such costs 
occur?
    Answer. Any costs associated with eliminating positions or 
consolidating functions will be identified as part of the 
ongoing National Performance Review. When completed, the 
results of the NPR will be provided to you.
    Question No. 4. What programmatic positions in your Agency 
are duplicated by the State Department? How are these positions 
represented in your budget? How many full time equivalent 
personnel are employed in these positions? What is the total 
amount outlayed by your Agency on these positions?
    Answer. The National Performance Review is currently 
evaluating any unnecessary duplication between ACDA and State 
in the areas of arms control and nonproliferation. We will 
notify you of these results as soon as they are available.
    Question No. 5. Identify any bureaus, offices, positions 
that are too specific to your Agency for consolidating into the 
State Department. Of these offices, could any be combined with 
similar offices in one of the other Agencies excluding the 
State Department?
    Answer. As reflected in his January 27 announcement, the 
Vice President determined that it was not advisable to merge 
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the Agency for 
International Development and the United States Information 
Agency into the Department of State. His review concluded that 
they are essential vehicles for the accomplishment of their 
specialized missions under the overall foreign policy guidance 
of the Secretary of State.
    In preparing recommendations for the Vice President, the 
NPR considered and rejected consolidation and concluded that 
the reinvention activities being undertaken by all four of the 
agencies under the NPR would be the most cost effective and 
efficient way to operate in the post-Cold war environment.
    Question No. 6. What savings could be generated by 
combining all regional offices, thereby eliminating functional 
divisions?
    Answer. ACDA does not have regional offices, therefore 
there are no savings to be realized.
    Question No. 7. Would you tell us what administrative 
functions within your agency you recommended be consolidated, 
eliminated or transferred? Would you tell us how much money 
would be saved by doing this?
    Answer. As part of the Vice President's review, ACDA, USIA, 
STATE, and AID are currently working together to identify and 
established common administrative areas. When completed we will 
notify you of the results. ACDA already participates in 
numerous cross-servicing arrangements with the Department of 
State for approximately 25 administrative services. ACDA also 
has cross-servicing arrangements with other agencies such as 
the General Services Administration which provides payroll and 
accounting support. With these arrangements, ACDA avoids 
duplicative infrastructure and minimizes operating expenses.
    Question No. 8. Has the Vice President's office, the Office 
of Management and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the 
administration given any of you targets for funding/budget 
reductions in 1996 or for the next 5 year budget cycle? What 
activities or programs would you reduce if we directed a 10 
percent reducation in 150 spending? And if we directed a 20 
percent reduction?
    Answer. Guidance for Fiscal Year 1996 and the following 
four years is contained in the President's budget documents for 
Fiscal Year 1996. The guidance envisions reductions of 9 
percent from FY 1996 request amounts in FY 2000. Absent further 
guidance, we cannot provide information on the way ACDA 
activities of programs would be reduced if there were 10 
percent or 20 percent reductions in function 150 spending. 
However, ACDA's FY 1996 budget request reflects bare-bones 
requirements and any further reductions would degrade the 
Agency's ability to perform its arms control, nonproliferation 
and disarmament missions.
                                ------                                

                                       U.S. Senate,
                            Committee on Foreign Relations,
                                    Washington, DC, March 30, 1995.
Hon. Joseph D. Duffey,
Director, U.S. Information Agency, Washington, DC.
    Dear Director Duffy: Thank you very much for testifying 
before the Foreign Relations Committee today.
    We appreciate your thoughtful presentation and your 
agreeing to provide the Committee with the following 
information:
    What functions performed within your agency are not agency-
specific, and therefore could be merged (for example, 
Management, Policy Planning/Coordination, Legislative/Public 
Affairs, General Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, 
Communication systems, Personnel). How many full time 
equivalent personnel are employed in these positions that your 
agency has in common with the Department of State? What is the 
total dollar amount spent annually per department/office on 
these positions?
    By how much will funding levels change in your agency for 
the reduced staff levels (FTEs) in these various departments/
offices, after the functions are merged?
    Identify and quantify the costs associated with eliminating 
these positions including, but not limited to: RIFs; 
relocation; severance; refunds of retirement contributions; 
and, refunds of unused leave. For how long will such costs 
occur?
    What programmatic positions in your agency are duplicated 
by the State Department? How are these positions represented in 
your budget? How many full time equivalent personnel are 
employed in these positions? What is the total amount outlayed 
by your agency on these positions?
    Identify any bureaus, offices, positions that are too 
specific to your agency for consolidating into the State 
Department. Of these offices, could any be combined with 
similar offices in one of the other agencies excluding the 
State Department?
    What savings could be generated by combining all regional 
offices, thereby eliminating functional divisions? What costs 
would be incurred and for what duration?
    Would you tell us what administrative functions within your 
agency you recommended be consolidated, eliminated or 
transferred? Would you tell us how much money would be saved by 
doing this?
    Has the Vice President's office, the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the administration 
given any of you targets for funding/budget reductions in 1996 
or for the next 5 year budget cycle? What activities or 
programs would you reduce if we directed a 10 percent reduction 
in 150 spending? And if we directed a 20 percent reduction?
    We will further appreciate you providing that information 
by April 5, 1995.
    Thank you.
            Sincerely,
                                                       Jesse Helms.
                                ------                                

                          United States Information Agency,
                                     Washington, DC, April 6, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: Thank you for the opportunity to provide 
additional information about the United States Information 
Agency. I have enclosed responses to the specific questions 
posed in your letter of March 30, 1995.
    On February 13, we transmitted to your Committee a 
description of each organizational unit of USIA together with 
staffing and resource summaries. Additional details are 
available in the Agency's FY 1996 budget presentation, which 
was delivered previously.
    I would underscore the Vice President's conclusion that an 
independent USIA remains one of the U.S. Government's critical 
foreign policy tools. We are committed to real change in the 
foreign affairs community and to doing our part to achieve 
significant savings. We can best accomplish these objectives as 
a separate agency working under the policy guidance of the 
President and the Secretary of State.
    Over the past three years, USIA has been at the forefront 
of the reinvention effort and has followed a multi-year 
strategy for rational downsizing and budget cuts. We have 
submitted an FY 1996 funding request lower than the FY 1995 
appropriation. Our FY 1996 request totals $1.3 billion, a net 
reduction of $121.1 million from the FY 1995 level.
    We worked with Republicans and Democrats in the last 
Congress, including many of those on your Committee, to achieve 
the International Broadcasting Act of 1994. This consolidation 
of VOA, RFE/RL, WORLDNET, Radio and TV Marti, and the to-be-
established Radio Free Asia will produce over $400 million in 
savings and the elimination of over 1,200 broadcasting staff 
positions over the next four years, resulting in a leaner, more 
efficient global broadcasting service for the U.S. Government.
    Last year, we also completed major policy and program 
restructuring in which we eliminated our magazine and exhibit 
divisions. We replaced our Policy and Program Bureau with a 
new, 30 percent smaller, Information Bureau which removes 
management layers.
    Restructuring now underway in our Bureau of Management is 
expected to result in savings of over $7 million and the 
elimination of 60 FTEs. Reflecting new trade and commercial 
priorities and opportunities to help solidify new democracies, 
we have refined our strategic approach to resource distribution 
abroad, converting libraries in developed countries to high-
tech outreach facilities and joining forces with the U.S. 
Department of Commerce in key European and Asian markets to be 
more effective catalysts for U.S. communities to expand 
international ties.
    Further, as the legislatively mandated coordinator of 
exchange programs throughout the Executive Branch, we have 
identified overlap and duplication in exchange and training 
programs now handled by more than two dozen departments and 
agencies. The Vice President has decided to incorporate this 
information as part of the second-phase NPR focus on potential 
savings in foreign affairs agencies.
    USIA is not an instrument for any single U.S. department or 
agency. Our technology, programs, and personnel assist the 
President and many Executive Branch departments and agencies--
as well as Members of Congress and state and local leaders--in 
pursuing the political, economic, security, and other national 
interests of the United States. An independent, reinvested USIA 
will continue to have the ability and the flexibility to manage 
the U.S. public dialogue abroad.
            Sincerely,
                                             Joseph Duffey,
                                                          Director.
  usia responses to questions from the committee on foreign relations

    Question. What functions performed within your agency are 
not agency-specific, and therefore could be merged (for 
example, Management, Policy Planning/Coordination, Legislative/
Public Affairs, General Counsel, Office of the Inspector 
General, Communication systems, Personnel). How many full time 
equivalent personnel are employed in these positions that your 
agency has in common with the Department of State? What is the 
total dollar amount spent annually per department/office on 
these positions?
    Answer. USIA's unique programs require support functions 
adapted to the special needs of carrying out our programmatic 
charter, and USIA's support personnel have expertise very 
closely attuned to these needs. As we reinvent and downsize 
many of these support functions, we do so in relation to the 
distinct requirements of our broadcasting, information, and 
exchanges programs. USIA's own process has, for example, 
yielded a ten percent cut in staffing in our Bureau of 
Management in FY 1996 alone, the first year of a multi-year 
reinvention of our support functions. We are also working with 
the other foreign affairs agencies as part of an ongoing REGO 
II review to identify ways of developing common administrative 
services domestically and overseas without undercutting the 
expertise needed to support USIA's programs. For example, the 
Vice President has already determined that the Inspector 
General functions in the Department of State and USIA should be 
merged and legislation to that end will be needed.
    Question. How much will funding levels change in your 
agency for the reduced staff levels (FTEs) in these various 
departments/offices, after the functions are merged?
    Answer. Given the special expertise required to support our 
programs, very limited savings would be generated from 
consolidation. We will, however, realize substantial savings 
through USIA's own process of reinvention of these support 
functions as well as through working in conjunction with other 
foreign affairs agencies to develop common administrative 
services where these can effectively--and at a reduced cost--
provide the needed program support. We will report to you any 
changes in funding levels and costs associated with support 
functions that are identified upon completion of the 
interagency review.
    Question. Identify and quantify the costs associated with 
eliminating these positions including, but not limited to: 
RIFs; relocation; severance; refunds of retirement 
contributions; and refunds of unused leave. For how long will 
such costs occur?
    Answer. Because we cannot now predict how many positions 
could be eliminated and do not know what the timetable would 
be, we are unable to estimate the costs associated with 
eliminating these positions.
    Question. What programmatic positions in your agency are 
duplicated by the State Department? How are these positions 
represented in your budget? How many full time equivalent 
personnel are employed in these positions? What is the total 
amount outlayed by your agency on these positions?
    Answer. USIA's programmatic functions are not duplicated by 
the State Department. Our three program bureaus, charged by 
statute with unique responsibilities, and our specialized field 
operations are described in the following response.
    Question. Identify any bureaus, offices, positions that are 
too specific to your agency for consolidating into the State 
Department. Of these offices, could any be combined with 
similar offices in one of the other agencies excluding the 
State Department?
    Answer. USIA's programmatic bureaus and public diplomacy 
professionals at field posts around the world perform 
specialized, mandated functions too specific to be incorporated 
into the State Department. These operations are:

International Broadcasting Bureau

    The International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB), established by 
the U.S. International Broadcasting Act of 1994, is responsible 
for carrying out all nonmilitary international broadcasting for 
the U.S. Government. The IBB's activities will be overseen by a 
bipartisan Broadcasting Board of Governors consisting of nine 
members: the Director of USIA and eight other members appointed 
by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
    The IBB's broadcasting services include: the Voice of 
America (VOA), the WORLDNET Television and Film Service, Radio 
and TV Marti, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Inc. (RFE/RL), 
and the newly authorized Radio Free Asia. These services 
currently reach more than 140 million listeners weekly in their 
homes and in their languages. These listeners tune in for news 
of the United States, clear explanations of its policies, and 
information about their own countries.
    The consolidation of U.S. Government broadcasting in the 
new IBB will have a significant budget impact. It will result 
in savings of over $400 million over the 1994-97 period. This 
is not a one-time phenomenon but a structural change; the 
Bureau's 1996 operating level of $395 million represents a 
reduction of $92 million, or 19%, from the 1994 level of $487 
million. This restructuring will eliminate 1,268 positions (914 
of them grantee employees) in FY 1996 alone. VOA direct 
broadcasts (shortwave and medium wave) to Eastern Europe, the 
former Soviet Union, and Afghanistan and RFE/RL shortwave 
broadcasts to Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union are 
being reduced by one third.

Bureau of Information

    The Bureau of Information (I Bureau), operating primarily 
under the authority of the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948, acquires, 
produces, and distributes information to USIS field posts 
abroad to support vital U.S. interests.
    The I Bureau integrates all of USIA's short-term 
information and program tools. It provides instant and in-depth 
communications with influential audiences in other countries 
through the electronic information capabilities of the Agency's 
Wireless File, library and overseas resource centers, and 
Foreign Press Centers in Washington, New York, and Los Angeles. 
Moreover, the Bureau programs American speakers and specialists 
via overseas travel, electronic dialogues, telepress 
conferences, and interactive video dialogues.
    The I Bureau was created as part of a major restructuring 
of the Agency and formally inaugurated in October 1994. The 
most immediate product of our reinvention, the Bureau is 30 
percent smaller than the elements it replaced (a cut of more 
than 150 positions) and radically different in conception. 
Nothing remotely like it exists in the State Department.

Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs

    The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (E Bureau) 
manages educational and cultural exchanges between the United 
States and other countries as authorized by the U.S. 
Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 and the Mutual 
Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (the latter is 
commonly referred to as the Fulbright-Hays Act).
    The E Bureau's major programs include: Academic Exchanges, 
such as the Fulbright scholarships, Hubert H. Humphrey 
Fellowships, and Congress-Bundestag Exchange Program; 
International Visitor Program; Citizen Exchanges; and Arts 
America. The Bureau also provides program and support costs for 
binational centers abroad, English teaching, student advising, 
and other educational activities. Grant costs for these 
exchange programs are funded separately in the Educational and 
Cultural Exchanges account.
    The E Bureau works closely with two Presidentially 
appointed bodies: The J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship 
Board, which oversees the standards of academic exchange, and 
the Cultural Property Advisory Committee, which advises the 
Deputy Director as the U.S. Government's designated decision-
maker on implementation of the 1983 UNESCO convention on 
illicit trade in stolen art and cultural property.
    A complete restructuring of the E Bureau is scheduled for 
FY 1997. A formal advisory commission, the USIA Joint 
Partnership Council, and employee working groups will de-layer 
and streamline the organization.

Field operations

    USIA Foreign Service Officers articulate, clarify, and 
advocate American policies as Press Attaches and spokespersons 
for the constituent agencies of U.S. diplomatic missions 
abroad. Working as members of Country Teams under Chiefs of 
Mission, they provide full information support to these 
agencies. They work with the mass media, including U.S. press 
abroad, as they attempt to bring information about U.S. foreign 
policy initiatives to citizens of other nations. They ensure 
that foreign journalists, politicians, academics, businessmen, 
and others have access to American policy-makers and 
information through interactive media technology and overseas 
resource centers. They provide key decision-makers with full 
transcripts and official texts of all significant executive and 
Congressional statements, speeches, hearings, and press 
conferences.
    Our officers overseas serve also as Cultural Attaches, 
Binational Center Directors, Exchange Officers, or English 
Teaching Officers--all promoting substantive contact between 
Americans and influential foreign audiences.
    As part of Agency restructuring efforts, we have 
established strategic priorities and benchmarks for American 
and foreign staffing levels which will guide the sizing of our 
field operations from now on. In FY 1996 alone the cuts in our 
field posts will total $8 million, including the elimination of 
123 positions. We have also focused on eliminating or reducing 
high-cost leases, converting public access libraries in 
developed countries into high tech outreach centers, 
eliminating or privatizing post-produced one-country magazines, 
and not going ahead with costly separate centers (America 
Houses) in the New Independent States.
    Question. What savings could be generated by combining all 
regional offices, thereby eliminating functional divisions? 
What costs would be incurred and for what duration?
    Answer. While USIA's geographic areas superficially 
resemble the State Department's regional bureaus, their roles 
are entirely different. They cannot be combined without a major 
loss of effectiveness.
    State's bureaus serve the needs of traditional government-
to-government diplomacy. They are organized to analyze, 
formulate, and coordinate national policy toward their 
component countries. In addition, they provide day-to-day 
backstopping for U.S. embassies, consulates, and missions in 
the respective regions, and the conduct the Washington side of 
relations with nations of their regions.
    USIA's area offices, on the other hand, support public 
diplomacy programs. They help design, inform, guide, and manage 
programs that engage foreign publics directly on a broad range 
of issues affecting U.S. interests. They are full-service 
operations, interacting daily with USIS posts in 147 countries. 
They work also with cabinet departments and agencies, private 
sector organizations, and NGOs in the U.S. to meet posts' 
program needs.
    USIA's area offices add value as catalysts and 
coordinators, focusing often diverse Agency programs to serve 
U.S. national objectives. Programs, policy, resources, and 
management supervision all come together in our area offices, 
creating the synergy essential for successful and cost-
effective innovation.
    Any savings that could be achieved--which we doubt would be 
significant--through a consolidation of offices would not 
outweigh the resulting loss of effectiveness.
    Question. Would you tell us what administrative functions 
within your agency you recommended be consolidated, eliminated 
or transferred? Would you tell us how much money would be saved 
by doing this?
    Answer. In complying with the Vice President's instructions 
of January 27 for the four foreign affairs agencies to explore 
means of establishing common administrative practices, USIA 
representatives have participated in several inter-agency 
groups tasked with developing recommendations for greater 
efficiency and cost savings.
    These reviews are proceeding and recommendations will be 
submitted to the Vice President's office. The subject areas 
include activities and administrative procedures in fields such 
as: telecommunications, systems software standardization, 
security, and overseas administrative support. Because the 
reviews are still in progress, it is premature to speculate on 
the potential savings for USIA elements. Nevertheless, we are 
convinced that savings and efficiencies will result.
    Question. Has the Vice President's office, the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) or any other office in the 
administration given any of you targets for funding/budget 
reductions in 1996 or for the next 5 year budget cycle? What 
activities or programs would you reduce if we directed a 10 
percent reduction in 150 spending? And if we directed a 20 
percent reduction?
    Answer. Guidance for FY 1996 and the following four years 
is contained in the President's budget documents for FY 1996. 
The guidance envisions reductions of 9 percent from FY 1996 
request amounts in FY 2000. Absent further guidance, we cannot 
provide information on what USIA activities or programs would 
be reduced if there were 10 percent or 20 percent reductions in 
function 150 spending.
                                ------                                

                            Committee Action

    The following bills were referred to the U.S. Senate 
Committee on Foreign Relations and were considered in the 
preparation of this bill:
    S.5, the Peace Powers Act of 1995, to repeal the War Powers 
resolution; to reenact sections 3 and 4 of the Act requiring 
the President to consult with Congress, and to report to 
Congress when U.S. armed forces are introduced into hostile 
situations in foreign lands, equipped for combat--among other 
situations; to direct the President to identify funding sources 
before making costly Security Council decisions to spend 
taxpayer money for more peacekeeping activities; and to clarify 
Congressional direction that the U.S. taxpayers will pay no 
more than 25% of assessed peacekeeping activities. S.5 was 
introduced by the Majority Leader of the Senate Robert Dole on 
January 4, 1995;
    H.R.7, the National Security Revitalization Act, regarding 
the United Nations and U.S. participation in United Nations 
peacekeeping operations, received from the House of 
Representatives, read twice and referred to the Committee on 
Foreign Relations on February 22, 1995;
    The Committee reported an original bill containing specific 
authorization requests from the Department of State and the 
United States Information Agency. It also includes original 
Committee language on the abolition of the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency, the Agency for International Development 
and the United States Information Agency, as well as provisions 
of the transition and transfer of personnel and functions into 
the Department of State.
    The Committee on Foreign Relations held one hearing on S.5 
and H.R.7 and plans to hold another hearing on the repeal of 
the War Powers resolution:
    March 21, 1995--Senator Robert Dole, Majority Leader, U.S. 
Senate; the Honorable Madeleine K. Albright, U.S. Permanent 
Representative to the United Nations; the Honorable Howard H. 
Baker, Senior Partner, Baker, Donelson, Bearman and Caldwell; 
the Honorable Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Senior Fellow, American 
Enterprise Institute; Mr. Charles William Maynes, Editor, 
Foreign Policy; and Lt. Col. Robin L. Higgins, USMC, Widow, 
William R. Higgins, USMC, testified on the potential effects of 
the repeal of the War Powers Resolution, as well as the role of 
U.S. troops in United Nations peacekeeping operations.
    The Committee on Foreign Relations held three hearings on 
the International Affairs budget and the draft Committee 
legislation:
    February 14, 1995--the Honorable Warren Christopher, 
Secretary of State, testified on the President's international 
affairs budget request for fiscal year 1996.
    March 23, 1995--the Honorable Lawrence Eagleburger, former 
Secretary of State, Partner at Baker, Donelson, Bearman and 
Caldwell; the Honorable Brent Scowcroft, former National 
Security Advisor, current President of the Forum for 
International Policy; the Honorable McGeorge Bundy, former 
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, Scholar-in-
Residence, Carnegie Corporation; the Honorable Fred Ikle, 
former Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 
Center for Strategic and International Studies; Ms. Julia Taft, 
former Director of the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, 
President and CEO of InterAction-American Council for Voluntary 
International Action; and the Honorable Lannon Walker, 
Chairman, Senior Foreign Service Association, testified on the 
implications of reorganizing the United States foreign affairs 
apparatus to include the dismantlement of the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency, the Agency for International Development 
and the United States Information Agency and folding their 
functions and personnel into a more effective, streamlined 
Department of State.
    March 30, 1995--Ms. Linda F. Powers, Vice President, Global 
Finance, ENRON Development Corporation; Dr. John D. Kasarda, 
Director, Kenan Institute for Private Enterprise; and Mr. John 
Sewell, President, Overseas Development Council offered 
alternatives to the Agency for International Development.
    The Subcommittee on International Operations held two 
hearings at which representatives of four federal agencies 
testified on the draft committee bill:
    March 30, 1995--the Honorable Richard M. Moose, Under 
Secretary of State for Management; the Honorable John D. Holum, 
Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the Honorable 
Joseph D. Duffey, Director, United States Information Agency; 
the Honorable J. Brian Atwood, Administrator, Agency of 
International Development; and the Honorable Jeffrey E. Garten, 
Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade testified 
on the Administration's position on the implications of 
reorganizing the U.S. foreign affairs agencies. The Honorable 
Robert M. Kimmitt, Managing Director, Lehman Brothers; Dr. 
William Schneider, Jr., President, International Planning 
Services, Inc.; and Mr. John Rhinelander, Partner at Shaw, 
Pittman, Potts and Trowbridge presented their views on the 
reorganization plan.
    May 11, 1995--the Honorable Richard M. Moose, Under 
Secretary of State for Management; the Honorable Michael Nacht, 
Assistant Director, Strategic and Eurasian Affairs Bureau, Arms 
Control and Disarmament Agency; the Honorable Joseph D. Duffey, 
Director, United States Information Agency; and the Honorable 
J. Brian Atwood, Administrator, Agency for International 
Development appeared before the Committee upon request as a 
follow-up to the March 30 hearing and to testify on the draft 
Committee bill that was to be considered by the Committee on 
May 17, 1995.
    On May 17, 1995, the Committee on Foreign Relations 
considered an original Committee bill, which was ordered 
reported favorably to the Senate floor on the same day. A 
majority of the Majority Members were present and voted in the 
affirmative. The Committee voted 10-8 to report the bill 
favorably. Ayes: Helms, Lugar, Kassebaum, Brown, Coverdell, 
Snowe, Thompson, Thomas, Grams and Ashcroft. Nays: Pell, Biden, 
Sarbanes, Dodd, Kerry, Robb, Feingold and Feinstein.
    During Committee consideration of the bill, the following 
recorded votes were taken:
          An amendment in the nature of a substitute proposed 
        by Senator Kerry to replace Division B, providing for 
        the abolition of the Arms Control and Disarmament 
        Agency, the United States Information Agency and the 
        Agency for International Development, with a provision 
        requiring $2 billion in mandatory budget savings over 
        four years. The Kerry amendment would direct the 
        President to consolidate and reduce foreign affairs 
        agencies but would allow the President to determine 
        which agencies, if any, would be abolished. The 
        amendment was defeated by a vote of 8 to 10. Ayes: 
        Pell, Biden, Sarbanes, Dodd, Kerry, Robb, Feingold and 
        Feinstein. Nays: Helms, Lugar, Kassebaum, Brown, 
        Coverdell, Snowe, Thompson, Thomas, Grams and Ashcroft.
          An amendment in the nature of a substitute proposed 
        by Senator Pell to retain the Arms Control and 
        Disarmament Agency as an independent agency and to 
        remove all arms control and non-proliferation functions 
        from the Department of State. The amendment was 
        defeated by a vote of 7 to 10. Ayes: Pell, Biden, 
        Sarbanes, Dodd, Robb, Feingold and Feinstein. Nays: 
        Helms, Lugar, Kassebaum, Brown, Coverdell, Snowe, 
        Thompson, Thomas, Grams and Ashcroft.
          An amendment in the nature of a substitute proposed 
        by Senator Sarbanes to retain the Agency for 
        International Development as an independent agency. The 
        amendment was defeated by a vote of 7 to 10. Ayes: 
        Pell, Biden, Sarbanes, Dodd, Robb, Feingold and 
        Feinstein. Nays: Helms, Lugar, Kassebaum, Brown, 
        Coverdell, Snowe, Thompson, Thomas, Grams and Ashcroft.
          An amendment in the nature of a substitute proposed 
        by Senator Kerry to shorten the period of the 
        authorization from four fiscal years to two fiscal 
        years. The amendment was defeated by a vote of 8 to 10. 
        Ayes: Pell, Biden, Sarbanes, Dodd, Kerry, Robb, 
        Feingold and Feinstein. Nays: Helms, Lugar, Kassebaum, 
        Brown, Coverdell, Snowe, Thompson, Thomas, Grams and 
        Ashcroft.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Sarbanes to strike 
        the provision relating to claims of American exporters 
        who shipped goods to Iraq. The amendment was defeated 
        by a vote of 7 to 10. Ayes: Kassebaum, Pell, Sarbanes, 
        Dodd, Kerry, Feingold and Feinstein. Nays: Helms, 
        Lugar, Brown, Coverdell, Snowe, Thompson, Thomas, 
        Grams, Ashcroft and Robb.
    During Committee consideration of the bill, the following 
amendments were agreed to by voice vote:
          An amendment proposed by Senator Kassebaum to extend 
        the date by which the Arms Control and Disarmament 
        Agency must submit a reorganization plan to March 1, 
        1996, and the date by which the Agency must be 
        abolished to March 1, 1997.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Brown to prohibit 
        funds for a U.S. contribution to the International 
        Natural Rubber Organization.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Brown to prohibit 
        funds for a U.S. contribution to the International 
        Tropical Timber Organization.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Feinstein to amend a 
        provision in the original bill regarding the United 
        Nations Fourth World Conference on Women to be held in 
        Beijing in September 1995.
    During Committee consideration of the bill, the following 
amendments were agreed to without objection:
          An amendment proposed by Senator Helms amending 
        existing provisions excluding aliens from entering the 
        United States if they have been found to have 
        confiscated property claimed by a national of the 
        United States.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Snowe requiring a 
        General Accounting Office assessment of the cost-
        effectiveness and efficiency of international 
        organizations to which the United States makes 
        contributions.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Kassebaum regarding 
        the allocation of contributions to inter-American 
        organizations.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Feingold 
        conditioning the sale or licensing of light arms to 
        Indonesia until the Secretary of State determines and 
        reports to congressional committees that there has been 
        progress on human rights in East Timor and elsewhere in 
        Indonesia.
          An amendment proposed by Senator Feingold to urge 
        universal adoption of the principles set forth in the 
        Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-
        213) and to require a report containing proposals to 
        end discrimination against U.S. exports in 
        international business transactions.
                      Section-By-Section Analysis

Section 1--Short title

    This Act may be cited as the ``Foreign Relations 
Revitalization Act of 1995''.

Section 2--Organization of act into divisions; table of contents

    This Act is organized into two divisions:
          Division A--Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
        Fiscal Years 1996-1999.
          Division B--Foreign Affairs Reinvention Act of 1995.

Division A--Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1996-1999

Section 101--Short title

    This division may be cited as the ``Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1996-1999''.

           Title I--Department of State and Related Agencies

               chapter 1--authorization of appropriations

Seciton 111--Administration of Foreign Affairs

    Section 111(a) authorizes appropriations for the 
Administration of Foreign Affairs of the Department of State as 
follows:
          (1) $1,688,500,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $1,612,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $1,867,500,000 
        for the fiscal year 1998, and $1,856,000,000 for the 
        fiscal year 1999 for Diplomatic and Consular Programs;
          (2) $368,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $373,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $725,000,000 for 
        the fiscal year 1998, and $681,500,000 for the fiscal 
        year 1999 for Salaries and Expenses;
          (3) $401,760,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 
        1997, 1998, and 1999 for Acquisition and Maintenance of 
        Buildings Abroad;
          (4) $4,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 
        1997, 1998, and 1999 for Representation Allowances;
          (5) $6,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 
        1997, 1998, and 1999 for emergencies in the Diplomatic 
        and Consular Service;
          (6) $23,350,000 for the fiscal year 1996, $23,000,000 
        for the fiscal year 1997, $48,500,000 for the each of 
        the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for Office of the 
        Inspector General;
          (7) $125,402,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 
        and 1997, $132,000,000 for the fiscal year 1998, and 
        $135,000,000 for the fiscal year 1999 for the Foreign 
        Service Retirement and Disability Fund.
          (8) $15,400,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 
        1997, 1998, and 1999 for the American Institute in 
        Taiwan;
          (9) $8,579,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 
        1997, 1998, and 1999 for the Protection of Foreign 
        Missions and Officials;
          (10) $32,800,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 
        and 1997 and $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
        1998 and 1999 for Capital Investment Fund;
          (11) $5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and 
        $3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1997, 1998, and 
        1999 for the Asia Foundation. While the Committee 
        recognizes the effectiveness of the Asia Foundation on 
        the ground in Asia, the Committee expects the 
        Foundation to pursue aggressively private donations to 
        support its activities. The Committee recommends that 
        the Asia Foundation allow USIA and later the Department 
        of State to conduct international exchange programs 
        conducted by the Asia Foundation in years when the U.S. 
        Government was able to support the Foundation at a 
        higher funding level.
          (12) $776,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and $700,000 
        for each of the fiscal years 1997, 1998, and 1999 for 
        Repatriation Loans.
    Section 111(b) authorizes the appropriation of such sums as 
may be necessary to offset adverse fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates.
    Section 111(c) restricts funds from being used to 
establish, build, rent, maintain, lease, purchase, or occupy 
United States offices in the Democratic People's Republic of 
Korea or the Democratic People's Republic of Korea offices in 
Washington, D.C., unless and until authorized by statute. 
Fiscal year 1996 funds for Acquisition and Maintenance of 
Buildings Abroad are not authorized to be appropriated until 
the President certifies to the appropriate congressional 
committees that no funds were expended for the opening of 
offices in FY95 unless the activities were authorized by 
statute.
Section 112--Migration and refugee assistance

    Section 112(a) authorizes the appropriation of $721,000,000 
for Migration and Refugee Assistance for each of the fiscal 
years 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999. These funds enable the 
Secretary of State to provide assistance and make contributions 
to international organizations such as the U.N. High 
Commissioner for Refugees and the International Committee for 
the Red Cross, through private voluntary agencies, governments, 
and bilateral assistance, as authorized by law.
    Not less than $80,000,000 shall be made available in the 
fiscal year 1996 for assistance for refugees resettling in 
Israel from other countries. This grant helps finance programs 
of the Jewish Agency for Israel that assist in the absorption 
into Israeli society of Jewish refugees coming to Israel from 
certain other countries.
    Not less than $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 
and 1997 shall be made available for the Emergency Refugee and 
Migration Assistance Fund (ERMA) under section 2(c) of the 
Refugee and Migration Assistance Act of 1962. The State 
Department requested $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 to 
replenish ERMA, which the President may use to meet unexpected 
urgent refugee and migration needs if the President determines 
it is important to the national interest. In fiscal year 1994, 
the President authorized $81,000,000 in drawdowns from ERMA 
mostly to aid Rwandan and Burundi refugees. This depleted the 
account sufficiently to warrant replenishment in fiscal years 
1996 and 1997.
    Section 112(b) requires that funds appropriated pursuant to 
this section remain available until expended.

                 CHAPTER 2--AUTHORITIES AND ACTIVITIES

Section 121--Lease-purchase agreements

    When the Department of State enters into lease-purchase 
agreements involving property in foreign countries pursuant to 
section 1 of the Foreign Service Buildings Act (22 U.S.C. 292), 
budget authority should be assessed on an annual basis over the 
period of the lease in an amount equal to the annual lease 
payments.
    The Committee acknowledges that the severe resource 
constraints facing the Federal Government have limited the 
financial tools available to the Department of State for 
managing its real property requirements overseas. Through this 
relief from the current requirements for lease-purchases, the 
Department will be able to acquire more properties and diminish 
its reliance on the leasehold account which is perennially 
subject to unpredictable currency fluctuations worldwide.
    This is the most efficient and cost-effective way to meet 
the State Department's overseas property requirements. It is 
also an approach that completely protects U.S. Government 
interests, especially since the Vienna Convention strictly 
limits U.S. financial liability in the event the U.S. 
terminates a contract early. All U.S. Government agencies would 
benefit from this section, which would save the U.S. taxpayer 
millions of dollars in future years.
    In order to meet Budget Committee concerns, the 
authorization levels provided by this provision have been made 
subject to the availability of appropriations.

Section 122--United States Embassy building in Berlin, Germany

    Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of 
State should utilize the United States government property in 
the vicinity of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany, as a 
site to build the U.S. embassy. It further authorizes the 
Secretary to make any improvements necessary, as consistent 
with the authorities under the Foreign Service Building Act of 
1926.

Section 123--Fees for commercial services

    Amends Section 52 of the State Department Basic Authorities 
Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2724) to allow fees, collected for 
commercial services provided to businesses, to remain available 
for obligation until expended. The Committee finds this to be a 
necessary management authority that will ensure the Department 
does not lose funds collected late in a fiscal year and that 
are not obligated by the end of that year. For budget purposes, 
this authority is also subject to the availability of 
appropriations.
Section 124--Reduction of reporting requirements

    Amends Section 488(a)(3) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291g) to require the Secretary of State to 
provide the report on all leases entered into for the 
acquisition of real property to be submitted within 30 days 
after the end of each fiscal year rather than after the end of 
each quarter of the fiscal year.
    Repeals Section 503(b) of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979 (Public Law 95-426), which 
requires the President to submit to Congress a report on 
activities and agreements involving science and technology and 
foreign policy, as explained in section 503(b).

Section 125--Buying power maintenance account

    Amends section 24 of the State Department Basic Authorities 
Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2696) to rescind the need for advance 
appropriations of transfers of expired, unobligated balances 
into the no-year Buying Power Maintenance Account, subject to 
compliance with congressional reprogramming requirements. 
Advance appropriations had made the transfer authority 
unworkable, but now the Department will be able to effect the 
transfer of expiring balances as envisioned in the original 
concept of the account.

Section 126--Capital investment fund

    Amends section 135 of the Foreign Relations Authorization 
Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (22 U.S.C. 2684a) to allow the 
Capital Investment Fund to be used for the procurement and 
upgrade of information technology and other related capital 
investments for the Department of State and to ensure the 
efficient management, coordination, operation, and utilization 
of such resources. This amendment would allow the Department to 
pay for upgrades of existing systems and purchase hardware or 
software to insure interoperability of State Department 
information systems. This amendment also ensures that the 
amounts deposited into the Fund will remain available until 
expended and that such amounts will be available for the 
purposes defined in this section.
    Section 135(e) is amended to eliminate as duplicative the 
requirement that subjects money in the Fund to congressional 
reprogramming requirements before it is obligated. The 
Department will follow reprogramming procedures when it 
proposes to transfer monies into the Fund and will explain 
potential uses of the Fund in its Congressional Presentation 
Documents.

Section 127--Administrative expenses

    Amends Section 5 of the Migration and Refugee Assistance 
Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2605) to allow funds to be available 
directly to other personnel assigned to bureaus charged with 
carrying out this Act. This would eliminate the administrative 
difficulties of funding the administrative expenses from 
various appropriation accounts.

Section 128--Fee for use of diplomatic reception rooms

    Amends Title I of the State Department Basic Authorities 
Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a et seq.) to authorize the 
Secretary of State to charge a fee for use of the Department of 
State diplomatic reception rooms. Such fees are deposited as an 
offsetting collection to any Department of State appropriation 
to recover the costs of such use and should remain available 
for obligation until expended.
    Department of State Diplomatic Reception Room facilities 
(DDR) are used from time to time for receptions and dinners by 
non-governmental groups sponsored by a Departmental official 
when the event is affiliated with or in support of official 
U.S. Government business. The outside group is responsible for 
its own catering costs of events held outside of regular 
working hours. Such costs include overtime pay for security 
officers, elevator operators and similar charges. This 
authority may be exercised only to the extent or in the amount 
provided in appropriation acts.
Section 129--Contracts at posts abroad

    Requires United States Government agencies performing 
functions at diplomatic and consular posts abroad to avoid 
duplicative acquisition actions, to the maximum extent 
practicable. Contracts awarded in accordance with the 
Competition in Contracting Act by an agency performing 
functions at diplomatic or consular posts abroad may be amended 
without competition to allow other such agencies to obtain the 
goods and services if the unit prices are not increased.

Section 130--Expenses relating to certain international claims and 
        proceedings

    Amends the Department of State Appropriation Act of 1937 
(49 Stat. 1321 (22 U.S.C. 2661), as amended by section 142(b) 
of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 
and 1989 (Public Law 100-204), to allow the Department to 
accept in certain cases reimbursement for tribunal expenses, 
salaries and other ordinary expenses.
    This section also amends section 38 of the State Department 
Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2710) to enable the 
Department to use personal services contracts to obtain expert 
and other support services for international claims and 
proceedings. The Department would be able to hire an individual 
accountant or records manager to work on a particular project, 
rather than having to retain an accounting firm to perform the 
same task, usually at more than twice the cost. Authority may 
be exercised only to the extent to which funds are 
appropriated.

Section 131--Diplomatic telecommunications service

    amends section 507 of the Department of State and Related 
Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103-317) to 
require the Secretary to provide funding for the Diplomatic 
Telecommunications Service (DTS) to sustain current levels of 
support services for each succeeding fiscal year. This 
amendment further prohibits any reprogramming or transfers from 
such amounts in future years, as well as specifying the current 
and future makeup of the Diplomatic Telecommunications Service 
Program Office (DTS-PO) Board, since Congress currently 
receives notification procedures on transfers and 
reprogrammings, and has oversight authority with regard to the 
Board.

Section 132--Diplomatic telecommunications service program office

    Congress finds that the Diplomatic Telecommunications 
Service Program Office (DTS-PO) has made significant 
enhancements to upgrade the worldwide DTS network with high 
speed, high capacity circuitry as well as improvements at 
Untied States embassies and consulates to enhance utilization 
of the network. However, the current management structure needs 
to be strengthened to provide a clearly delineated, single, 
accountable management authority for the DTS-PO and the DTS 
network.
    This section designates the following officials to compose 
the DTS Policy Board, effective with fiscal year 1996: the 
senior management official and the senior information 
management official from each of the two agencies providing the 
greatest funding to the DTS-PO; the Director and Deputy 
Director of the DTS-PO; a senior career information management 
official from the Department of Commerce, the United States 
Information Agency (Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy after 
abolishment of USIA), and the Defense Intelligence Agency; and 
a senior career information management official each from two 
other Federal agencies served by the DTS, each of whom shall be 
appointed on a rotating basis by the Secretary of State and the 
Director of the DTS-PO for a two-year term. The officials from 
two other Federal agencies serving on the DTS Policy Board as 
of September 30, 1995, shall continue to serve on the Board 
until September 30, 1996.
    This section also sets forth the responsibilities of the 
officials on the Policy Board. The official from the Department 
of State is designated as the Executive Director of the Board 
and has the following duties: functions as the executive agent 
of the Board; carries out all policies of the Board for 
administration and operation of the DTS-PO and the DTS; and 
administers the day-to-day operation of the DTS-PO through the 
Director of the DTS-PO.
    The Director and Deputy Director of the DTS-PO rotate every 
two years between the two agencies providing the greatest 
funding to the DTS-PO. The Director reports directly to the 
Executive Director of the DTS Policy Board. The Deputy Director 
of the DTS-PO is the other official of the two agencies 
providing the greatest funding to the DTS-PO, who is not 
currently providing the Director.
    The provisions of this section supersede any other 
provision of law, regulation, or policy addressing or otherwise 
applicable to DTS-PO management structures.
    The Committee understands there are ongoing negotiations, 
largely between the Department of State and the Central 
Intelligence Agency, regarding the leadership and purpose of 
the Diplomatic Telecommunications Service Program Office (DTS-
PO). This section is not intended in any way to disrupt those 
negotiations.
    The Committee expects to continue its oversight role on 
this issue and would hope that the agencies involved will work 
towards an interagency agreement on the future of DTS-PO. In 
the meantime, this section shall take effect and govern current 
operating procedures of the Office, until such time as the 
Committee needs to review the operability of the Office again.
Section 133--International Center reserve funds

    Funds retained by the Secretary of State in the reserve for 
maintenance and security established pursuant to section 5 of 
the International Chancery Center Act (Public Law 90-533) may 
be deposited in interest bearing accounts, and the Secretary 
may retain for the purposes set forth in that section any 
interest earned on such deposits without returning such 
interest to the Treasury of the United States and without 
further appropriation by the Congress. Otherwise, the 
Department could not earn or retain interest on monies in the 
fund and the fund would eventually be depleted. This authority 
is subject to availability of appropriated funds.

Section 134--Joint funds under agreements for cooperation in 
        environmental, scientific, cultural and related areas

    Authorizes the use of interest on funds held under 
bilateral agreements for scientific, cultural and technical 
cooperation in effect as of the date of enactment of this 
provision to pay the administrative and programmatic expenses 
of the funds. The provision applies to appropriated funds that 
have been made available in fiscal years 1995 and prior under 
the Department of State's program of international 
environmental, scientific, and cultural cooperation.
    Cooperation through international scientific, cultural, and 
technological (S&T) agreements may be structured by the 
establishment of a joint fund, containing contributions of both 
States, used for program purposes. Some of these agreements 
specify that funds may earn interest and that the interest may 
be retained for administrative or program expenses (e.g. the 
U.S.-Polish Agreement on Cooperation in Science and 
Technology). Utilization of such interest for administrative 
expenses associated with these programs constitutes an 
important component of the success of the programs, 
particularly in view of the decreasing availability of new 
funding. This proposal is similar to existing authorizations 
for retention and use of interest in the Enterprise Fund under 
the Support for East European Democracy Act of 1989 (P.L. 103-
306). This authority is subject to availability of appropriated 
funds.

Section 135--United States diplomatic facilities in Kosova

    Authorizes and encourages the President to establish an 
office and residence in Pristina, Kosova for use by United 
States diplomatic or consular personnel.
    While State Department officials travel on occasion to 
Kosova, the long, mountainous drive hampers their effectiveness 
and ability to promote on a sustained basis U.S. support for 
human rights and autonomy for the Albanians of Kosova. The 
Committee notes with concern the increasing pressure on the 
Albanians in Kosova by Serbian authorities. According to the 
1994 State Department Human Rights Report: Serbian ``government 
officials carried out sanctioned extrajudicial killings, 
torture, brutal beatings, arbitrary arrest, and a general 
campaign to keep the non-Serb populations repressed * * * the 
Albanians of Kosova and the Muslims of Sandzak suffer the 
heaviest abuses.'' As a result, the Committee urges the 
President to establish a limited office and residence in 
Pristina to indicate U.S. concerns and promote U.S. interests.

Section 136--Antibribery study

    This provision requires the Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator 
of the Agency for International Development, the Director of 
the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Directors of the Trade 
and Development Agency, the Export-Import Bank, the Overseas 
Private Investment Corporation, to develop proposals and 
legislative recommendations to combat bribery in international 
business transactions.
    American firms are prohibited from offering bribes by the 
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. Our foreign competitors, 
however, are not barred by any such restrictions. The Committee 
believes this has created a trade barrier for American 
companies. The response should not be to repeal the Foreign 
Corrupt Practices Act, but rather to institute universal 
acceptance of the standards set forth in FCPA.
    The provision commends the Organization of Economic 
Cooperation and Development for its adoption of a May 1994 
resolution which commits Member states to address the use of 
international corruption as a multilateral trade issue. The 
study asks for specific proposals from the Administration on 
how to pursue implementation of this resolution.
    The provision also directs the Administration to include in 
the report a plan that will take into account, discuss, and 
analyze the laws which govern bribery of our ten primary trade 
competitors.
    Finally, it requires an analysis of the feasibility of 
making available to American companies intelligence gathered by 
our embassies on what foreign competitors are offering in terms 
of bribes as contracts are being negotiated with foreign 
governments.

Section 137--Budget Act compliance

    The authorities contained in the amendments made in 
sections 121, 123, 125, 128, 130, 133, 134, 148, 161, and 163 
of this Act may not exceed appropriated amounts.
                          chapter 3--personnel

Section 141--Authorized strength of the Foreign Service

    Section 141(a) imposes specific limits on the total number 
of Foreign Service personnel and on the number of Foreign 
Service personnel who are members of the Senior Foreign Service 
as of September 30, 1996, as follows:
          (1) the Department of State may not have more than 
        8,700 Foreign Service Officers, of whom not more than 
        740 may be members of the Senior Foreign Service;
          (2) the United States Information Agency may not have 
        more than 900 Foreign Service Officers, of whom not 
        more than 155 may be members of the Senior Foreign 
        Service;
          (3) the Agency for International Development may not 
        have more than 900, of whom not more than 125 may be 
        members of the Senior Foreign Service.
    Section 141(b) restricts the total number of Foreign 
Service personnel and the number of members of the Senior 
Foreign Service as of September 30, 1997, as follows:
          (1) the Department of State may not have more than 
        8,500 Foreign Service Officers, of whom not more than 
        700 may be members of the Senior Foreign Service;
          (2) the United States Information Agency may not have 
        more than 800 Foreign Service Officers, of whom not 
        more than 140 may be members of the Senior Foreign 
        Service;
          (3) the Agency for International Development may not 
        have more than 650 Foreign Service Officers, of whom 
        not more than 75 may be of the Senior Foreign Service.
    Section 141(c) states that the total number of Foreign 
Service personnel as of September 30, 1998 for the Department 
of State, shall not exceed 10,150, of whom not more than 925 
shall be members of the Senior Foreign Service.
    Section 141(d) states that the total number of Foreign 
Service personnel as of September 30, 1999 for the Department 
of State, shall not exceed 10,250, of whom not more than 935 
shall be members of the Senior Foreign Service.
    Section 141(e) defines the term ``members of the Foreign 
Service.''
    Section 141(f)(1)(A) excludes Foreign Service personnel 
serving under noncareer limited appointments from (a) through 
(c).
    Section 141(f)(1)(B) imposes specific limits on the total 
number of Foreign Service personnel serving under noncareer 
limited appointments, as follows:
          (i) for fiscal year 1996, the Foreign Service 
        contained in subsection (a) may not exceed 5 percent of 
        the aggregate numerical limitation;
          (ii) for fiscal years 1997, 1998, and 1999, the 
        Foreign Service contained in subsection (a) may not 
        exceed 7 percent of the aggregate numerical limitation.
    Section 141(f)(2) encourages the Secretary of State to 
utilize Foreign Service personnel serving under noncareer 
limited appointments to perform duties relating to export 
promotion and trade; information management systems; and the 
provision of medical services.
    Section 141(f)(3) allows the Secretary of State to 
terminate the appointment of any member of the Foreign Service 
serving under a noncareer limited appointment before the 
expiration of the appointment.

Section 142--Restriction on lobbying activities of former United States 
        Chiefs of Mission

    Amends Section 207 of title 18, United States Code, 
regarding ``Restrictions on former officers, employees, and 
elected officials of the executive and legislative branches'', 
to also prohibit any person who serves in the position of chief 
of mission within the category of senior executive branch 
personnel who are restricted, for one year after they leave the 
chief of mission position, from knowingly making 
representations on behalf of someone with an interest in a 
matter that is before any officer or employee of the department 
or agency in which they served.
    ``Chief of mission'' in section 142 has the same meaning as 
that used in section 102(3) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 
(P.L. 96-465). A career member of the Foreign Service assigned 
by the President as charge d'affairs or otherwise as the head 
of a mission is included within the definition of a ``chief of 
mission.''
    Section 142 clarifies that the same rules prohibiting 
lobbying or other representations knowingly made by senior 
personnel of the executive branch for one year after they leave 
office are applied to those persons who serve in the position 
of chief of mission.

Section 143--Foreign Service grounding in United States business

    Expresses the sense of Congress that the Secretary of State 
should require the National Center for Humanities, Education, 
Languages, and Management Studies (previously the National 
Foreign Affairs Training Center, see section 152 in this Act) 
to significantly increase the emphasis on commercial activity, 
export promotion, and trade in carrying out its core programs 
and should offer additional classes in such subjects.
    The Committee believes that the ability of the U.S. to 
compete successfully in an open world market will be one of the 
critical guarantors of national security in the next century. 
It will be important, therefore, that officials assigned 
overseas to advance U.S. foreign policy interests be sensitive 
to, and well-versed in, issues related to export promotion and 
commercial activity.
Section 144--Foreign affairs administrative support

    The Foreign Affairs Administrative Support Cost-Sharing 
System (FAAS) is the method by which the Department of State 
and other agencies share costs of the common administrative 
service platform necessary to provide all U.S. government 
employees with a place to live and work at U.S. missions 
overseas. FAAS distributes costs on the principle that the 
Department of State will provide and fund all of the core 
resources necessary to support its own people and programs 
overseas. Other agencies are financially responsible for costs 
of the incremental resources established to meet the 
administrative workload generated by their employees. This 
section authorizes the Secretary of State to establish, in 
consultation with the heads of the other United States 
Government agencies maintaining personnel overseas, a financial 
system to manage such reimbursements to the Department from 
other agencies.
    The President must institute an interagency committee that 
consists of representatives from the U.S. Government agencies 
which maintain a significant number of personnel overseas and 
is headed by the Secretary of State. This committee would be 
responsible for implementing this financial system. The 
committee's rules and regulations must develop a method to 
resolve interagency disputes over the management of such 
compensation and assure all direct and indirect costs are fully 
recovered by the Department, including services such as the 
Community Liaison Officer, building operating expenses and 
local guards, and such other expenses as the committee 
determines necessary.
    Such reimbursement will be deposited into a newly created 
Working Capital Fund at the Department of Treasury and the 
amounts in this account will be available without fiscal year 
limitation.
    For years, the Department of State and other federal 
agencies that assign personnel overseas have debated the equity 
of the FAAS system in determining the costs of services and the 
quality and delivery of individual services. The Department 
funds more than 70% of the support platform's operating costs. 
The Department of State has opened 29 new posts in the last 
decade virtually without increases in overseas staffing 
numbers. According to the GAO, during the same period the U.S. 
official presence overseas has grown nearly 20%, spurred 
largely by the dramatic increase in assignment abroad of 
personnel of nonforeign affairs agencies. Data provided by the 
Inspector General makes clear that at some posts the employees 
on temporary duty (``TDY'') status can effectively more than 
double certain agencies' full-time equivalent (FTE) presence.
    The Committee believes that these issues clearly have 
enormous resource implications for the Department of State, and 
that a more equitable system of reimbursement for support costs 
could yield hundreds of millions of dollars in savings for the 
Department.

Section 145--Foreign Service reform

    Section 145(a): Salaries--Under current law, a Foreign 
Service Officer appointed to an Executive position requiring 
Senate confirmation may elect to receive either his/her Foreign 
Service salary, based on rank, or the salary that corresponds 
to the confirmable position. In some cases that rank-based 
salary is higher, in other cases lower, than the salary of the 
position in question.
    Section 145 ends this option, by requiring that Foreign 
Service Officers, as Officers commissioned by the President, 
receive in all such instances their regular salaries based upon 
rank and service.
    Section 145(b): Presidential awards--Under current law, 
Foreign Service Officers may not be recommended for certain 
Presidential recognition for extraordinary service unless funds 
are available for the cash awards that accompany such 
recognition. The net effect may be to deny officers the 
recognition of their Commander in Chief, when warranted, if 
funds for performance pay are not available. This section would 
make it possible to confer a Presidential award without 
requiring an accompanying cash payment.
    Section 145(c): Expedited Separation--This section requires 
the Secretary of State to develop and implement a plan to 
identify officers who are ranked by promotion boards in the 
bottom 5% of their class for any two of five years, and 
recommend such officers for separation from the Foreign 
Service. The Committee believes this management tool will be 
necessary to carry out the transition envisioned in Title XVII. 
It is hoped that this will help the Department to retain the 
best performers, while still meeting the required personnel 
reduction targets.
    Section 145(d) amends the purposes of the Foreign Service 
Act of 1980 to include the unambiguous establishment of a 
single Foreign Service, by the Director General and under the 
direction of the President and Secretary of State. This section 
also requires that any agency using the authorities of the 
Foreign Service Act of 1980 do so in strict conformance with 
common standards and procedures set forth by the Director 
General at the Department of State.
    The preceding section reflects the Committee's growing 
concern that various nonforeign affairs agencies have adopted, 
or sought to adopt, portions of the Act's authorities. The 
Committee believes that the whole of those authorities was 
intended solely to strengthen the Foreign Service as the 
forward-deployed instrument of the conduct of U.S. diplomacy. 
The authorities were never intended for piecemeal use for 
matters of administrative convenience. Accordingly, Section 
145(d) is intended to help restore the integrity of the 1980 
Act.

Section 146--Limitations on management assignments

    Section 146 defines the term ``management official.''
    The Foreign Relations Authorization Act for fiscal years 
1994 and 1995 places restrictions on the movement of Foreign 
Service personnel between certain positions in the American 
Foreign Service Association (the foreign service officers' 
professional organization and labor/management representative) 
and management jobs in the Foreign Service. The intent of the 
Act was to avoid possible conflict of interest problems. 
However, the definition of ``management official'' was 
sufficiently broad as to apply to a number of positions that 
carry no responsibilities for labor-management relations or the 
formulation of personnel policies and programs.
    Section 146 exempts from the restrictions above chiefs of 
mission and their deputies, administrative and personnel 
officers abroad, and other individuals not involved in labor-
management relations or in formulating Department personnel 
policy.

Section 147--Report on promotion and retention of personnel

    The Foreign Service Act of 1980 requires the Secretary to 
submit an annual report to Congress providing, inter alia, 
upper and lower limits planned by State (and other agencies 
using the Foreign Service Act) for recruitment, advancement, 
and retention. In several instances, this report was not 
forthcoming in a timely manner, and on occasion the Committee 
has had doubts as to the thoroughness of the information 
provided. Section 147 requires the Inspector General to 
comment, biannually, on the adequacy of the Secretary's report. 
These comments should be transmitted to the Congress with the 
report in question. The Committee notes the prospective nature 
of certain information required in this report.
Section 148--Recovery of costs of health care services

    Amends section 904 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 to 
authorize the Department of State to recover and retain the 
costs incurred by the Department for health care services 
provided to eligible employees and their families and to other 
eligible individuals. This would permit the Department to 
recover and retain such costs from third-party payers, and to 
recover directly from the employee if the employee chooses to 
be uninsured.
    The Department's estimate of operating costs for overseas 
health units for fiscal year 1993 was approximately $19 million 
(including salaries, post entitlements, Regional Medical 
Officer travel, and prescription medicines) and the Department 
contributes over $15 million per year toward health insurance 
premiums for insurance that is not consistently used by its 
overseas employees. In some instances, the Department pays 
twice for certain health care costs of its employees posted 
abroad. This amendment would rectify this situation.
    Section 148(a)(1) amends section 904(a) of the Foreign 
Service Act to permit the Secretary to designate certain 
persons who are not United States Government employees or 
family members to receive health care services abroad on a fee-
for-service basis.
    Section 148(a)(2) amends section 904(d) of the Foreign 
Service Act, which authorizes the Secretary to pay the cost of 
medical treatment for eligible individuals. The proposed 
amendment would make section 904(d) subject to a new fee-for-
service program described in new subsections 904 (g) and (h).
    Subsection 904(g)(1) authorizes the Department to recover 
the cost of health care services incurred by the Department 
from third-party payers to the same extent that the covered 
beneficiary would be eligible to receive reimbursement from the 
third-party payer for such expenses.
    Paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (g) provide that if 
the insurance contract requires a deductible or copayment, the 
Department absorbs that cost so that neither a covered employee 
nor the third-party payer is required to pay the deductible or 
copayment amount.
    Paragraphs (4) and (5) of subsection (g) recognize the 
unique circumstances at government health care facilities at 
posts abroad. Paragraph (4) would prohibit third-party payers 
from refusing to reimburse the Department based on provisions 
in the insurance contract excluding from coverage care provided 
by a government entity, to an individual who is not required to 
pay a deductible or copayment or by a provider with which the 
third party payer has no participation agreement. Paragraph (5) 
provides that no contractual provision can prevent recovery by 
the United States under this section. This provision will 
insure coverage for care provided by Registered Nurses, whether 
or not they are under the direct supervision of a physician.
    Subsection 904(g)(6) subrogates the United States to the 
beneficiary's rights against the third-party payer.
    Subsections 904(g) (7) and (8) direct the Secretary to 
prescribe regulations for the implementation of these 
subsections, including regulations regarding the computation of 
``reasonable costs'' of health services. A third-party payer is 
permitted to review an employee's health records to verify that 
the care for which reimbursement is sought was provided, and to 
verify that the care meets the criteria of the insurance 
contract (except for those criteria affected by subsections 
904(g) (2) and (4)).
    Subsection 904(g)(9) authorizes the Department to deposit 
any amounts collected under 904(g) or 904(h) as an offsetting 
collection to any Department of State appropriation.
    Subsection 904(g)(10) defines terms ``covered 
beneficiary,'' ``services,'' and ``third party payer,'' which 
excludes managed care plans, which are designed to provide care 
directly, and would be unusable abroad.
    Subsection 904(h) provides, that in the case of a person 
who is not a ``covered beneficiary'' as that term is used in 
this section, but for whom the Department incurs costs for 
health care services, the Department may collect the reasonable 
costs of services provided, and may take appropriate legal 
actions to settle claims.
    Subsection 148(b) would delay the effective date of the new 
authorities provided by subsection 148(a) to fiscal year 1997, 
in order to give the Department sufficient lead time to 
implement the new fee-for-service plan.
    This authority may be utilized to the extent that 
appropriations are made available.

Section 149--Nonovertime differential pay

    Amends 5 U.S.C. 5544(a) to allow the Secretary of State to 
substitute another day in lieu of Sunday for purposes of Sunday 
premium pay in countries where the normal workweek includes 
Sunday. Sunday premium pay (an additional 25% of a day's basic 
pay) is paid to eligible employees under Title 5 when they work 
on Sunday as part of their regular (not overtime) schedules. It 
is paid primarily in 16 Islamic countries where Sunday is part 
of the normal work week. This authority would allow the 
Secretary of State to recognize the officially recognized day 
of rest and worship, rather than Sunday, as the day for which 
employees would be eligible for premium pay in keeping with the 
customary business week of the host country. Approximately 
$750,000 was spent in 1994 by the Department alone to provide 
Sunday premium pay at 16 Islamic posts. The Department 
acknowledges that commissioned foreign service officers are not 
eligible for premium pay. Eligible recipients include junior 
officers and specialists, information management personnel and 
watch staff.

Section 150--Access to records

    Amends section 1108 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 to 
allow the Inspector General at his or her discretion to furnish 
records or information as requested by the Grievance Board only 
if the Inspector General decides that there is no 
confidentiality requirement or other law enforcement reason 
which would bar release. This amendment further clarifies that 
the Office of Inspector General records are not ``agency 
records'' subject to discovery by grievants.
    Section 1108 of the Foreign Service Act cannot be construed 
to apply to OIG documents. Any coerced disclosure of OIG 
investigative records on the part of the Grievance Board would 
at a minimum erode the appearance of the OIG investigative 
independence. If the Board disclosed OIG documents, the actual 
conduct of OIG investigations would have devastating 
consequences. Persons would not be as forthright in their 
reporting of waste, fraud, and abuse in the Department of State 
if they knew that their allegations could be disclosed to the 
Grievance Board and investigative deliberations could be swayed 
by the fear of a directed disclosure to the Grievance Board.
Section 151--Training

    Section 151 amends section 701 of the Foreign Service Act 
of 1980, which addresses the Department's authorities and 
responsibilities with respect to training. Subsection 701(e)(1) 
authorizes the Secretary to provide appropriate training at the 
Foreign Service Institute to employees of United States 
companies that do business abroad, and to family members of 
such employees, when such training is in the national interest.
    U.S. firms have submitted numerous inquiries regarding the 
possibility of their employees attending or auditing classes at 
the Foreign Service Institute in order to broaden the 
employees' knowledge of key foreign markets and prepare them 
and their families for successful cross-cultural living abroad. 
Because one of State's foreign policy goals is to enhance 
American business opportunities abroad, and, consequently, one 
of the Institute's goals is to help U.S. Government employees 
understand the needs of U.S. corporate representatives in this 
pursuit, the Department believes that private sector 
representation in some FSI classes would offer a unique 
opportunity to train government and corporate employees in the 
same classroom setting and to broaden the understanding of the 
problems and opportunities each may face in pursuing their 
goals overseas. Forging linkages between the private and public 
sectors in training would result in better partnerships between 
the United States Government and American business to work 
towards common goals and objectives.
    Training of family members of corporate employees who may 
be assigned abroad would assist coordination between U.S. 
embassies and the private American community at post, 
particularly as it relates to crisis management.
    Subsection 701(e)(2) authorizes the Secretary to provide 
job-related training to employees of companies under contract 
to the Department of State, who are performing services to the 
Department in the United States. This would give the Department 
the flexibility to provide training to certain employees of 
third-party contractors through government facilities when it 
is deemed in the best interest of the U.S. Government. While 
there would be no reduction in the expectation that the 
contracting firm would provide qualified workers, there are 
instances where changing technology or unique factors in the 
federal work environment would require training in order to 
obtain the optimum performance form contract employees. Such 
training might include: word processing, PC training, employee 
orientation seminars, customer service, and training in USG-
specific subjects such as the Non-Expendable Property 
Accounting (NEPA) system, or passport/visa processing.
    Subsections 701(e) (3) and (4) provide that any training 
under section 151(e) would not include training in foreign 
languages, and would be on a reimbursable or advance-of-funds 
basis. Reimbursements or advances would be credited to the 
currently available applicable appropriation account.
    Subsection 701(e)(5) authorizes such training only if it 
does not interfere with the institution's primary mission of 
training employees of the Department and other U.S. Government 
agencies.
    Subsection 701(f)(1) authorizes the Secretary to provide 
special foreign language training programs for Members of 
Congress on a reimbursable basis. This training may take place 
at the institute or in Senate and House facilities.
    Subsection 701(f)(2) provides that nonexecutive branch 
members may take part in foreign language training programs 
offered by the institution, on a reimbursable basis, when space 
is available in a previously scheduled language class. No 
additional expense would be incurred by the Department in 
providing such training.

Section 152--Redesignation of National Foreign Affairs Training Center

    Redesignates the National Foreign Affairs Training Center 
as the National Center for Humanities, Education, Languages, 
and Management Studies.
               chapter 4--consular and related activities

Section 161--Fee for diversity immigrant lottery

    Allows the Secretary of State to establish a fee to be paid 
by each immigrant issued a visa under section 203(c) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1153(c)) and to 
retain this new fee for Department operations. Any retained 
fees would remain available for obligation until expended and 
would not be subject to the burdensome accounting requirements 
imposed on most consular transactions abroad, so that modern 
accounting methods can be used.
    The administration of the diversity immigrant visa lottery 
has cost the Department of State, and through it the American 
taxpayer, almost $2.8 million annually. Diversity lottery 
registrants have not been asked to pay a fee to register. This 
is in contrast to the situation with most other immigrant 
visas, where a petition and a cost-based petition fee of $75-
$80 are filed with INS on behalf of the applicant. Section 161 
ensures that the winners of the lottery, rather than American 
taxpayers, cover the full cost of the administration of the 
lottery. It is not practicable for the Department to collect a 
lottery fee from all registrants; this would make the program 
even more costly to operate, since all of the millions of 
envelopes submitted would then have to be opened, rather than 
only the envelopes of the lottery ``winners''. This authority 
may be utilized subject to the availability of appropriated 
funds.

Section 162--Fee for execution of passport applications

    Permits the Secretary of State by regulation to authorize 
the United States Postal Service to retain passport execution 
fees directly rather than being sent through the Department of 
State to the U.S. Treasury. This will save the Department of 
State (and the Postal Service) significant resources required 
by the reconciliation procedures connected with multiple 
transfer of these funds. It would be an important step toward 
streamlining a reimbursement process that is not inefficient.

Section 163--Fees for machine readable visas

    Under 140(a)(1) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-236 and 8 U.S.C. 
1351), the Secretary of State is authorized to charge a fee or 
surcharge for processing machine readable nonimmigrant visas 
and machine readable combined border crossing identification 
cards and nonimmigrant visas. Section 163 authorizes the 
Secretary of State not to exceed $150,000,000 for each of the 
fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 when collecting such 
fees or surcharges. This authority may be utilized subject to 
the availability of appropriated funds.

Section 164--Children adopted abroad

    The use of the terms ``legitimate'' and ``illegitimate'' on 
international adoption papers produced unnecessary difficulties 
in finalizing an adoption of a foreign child by an American 
family. This section replaces the legitimate/illegitimate 
distinction with a born in wedlock/born out of wedlock 
distinction, which would permit otherwise eligible adoption 
cases to be handled quickly. There is an increasing trend in 
countries around the world to declare all children to be 
legitimate, whether born in wedlock or out of wedlock. 
Consequently, distinctions in U.S. immigration law between 
legitimate and illegitimate children is confused.
Section 165--Consular officers

    The five amendments in this section permit U.S. citizen 
employees abroad who are not consular officers to perform 
additional consular functions, including the issuance of 
certificates of birth abroad, the authentication of foreign 
documents, the administration of nationality provisions in 
Title III of the Immigration and Nationality Act and the 
administration of oaths for patent purposes.
    Section 127 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995, as amended by section (1)(mm)(2) of 
Public Law 103-415, authorized the Secretary of State to 
designate U.S. citizen employees abroad other than consular 
officers to perform notarial and passport services, thereby 
permitting more effective use of both consular officers and 
non-consular officer employees abroad, and creating the 
opportunity to improve service to the public notwithstanding 
consular officer staffing shortfalls. Section 165 will permit 
yet further improvements in the efficiency of consular staffing 
abroad.
Section 166--Exclusion from the United States for membership in a 
        terrorist organization

    Closes a loophole in U.S. visa laws opened up by the 
Immigration Reform Act of 1990 by amending the Immigration and 
Nationality Act to deny a U.S. visa to a member of a terrorist 
organization or who actively supports or advocates terrorist 
activity. A terrorist organization is defined as an 
organization that engages in, or has engaged in, terrorist 
activity as determined by the Attorney General, in consultation 
with the Secretary of State.

Section 167--Incitement as a basis for exclusion from the United States

    Amends section 212 of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
by adding as an additional basis for exclusion those who have 
advocated terrorism, incited targeted racial vilification or 
who have advocated the death or destruction of U.S. citizens, 
U.S. government officials or the overthrow of the U.S. 
government.
    This change to current law will increase the ability of 
State Department consular officers to exclude advocates of 
terrorist actions against the United States and against United 
States citizens. In addition, it permits the exclusion of those 
non-U.S. citizens who engage in targeted ``hate speech'' 
designed to vilify a particular race thereby legitimizing 
terrorist actions against members of that race.
    The Committee notes that there have been prominent cases 
recently in which internationally-known leaders of overseas 
religious sects have advocated violent death or destruction for 
specific races or for United States citizens or government 
officials, the most notable of which was Sheik Ghannouchi of 
Tunisia. The State Department has repeatedly stated the 
difficulty of excluding such aliens under existing law, since 
their links to actual terrorist acts may be attenuated. 
Nonetheless, the Committee recognizes that those who advocate 
violent terrorist actions and incite their followers to 
initiate terrorist actions often bear as great a responsibility 
as those who actually build bombs or plan the details of a 
terrorist attack.
    The Constitution of the United States protects the rights 
of Americans and people who reside in America only. Those who 
advocate terror, murder, or mayhem are not protected by the 
First Amendment and they do not deserve entry into the U.S.

Section 168--Exclusion from the United States of aliens who have 
        confiscated property claimed by United States persons

    Amends section 212(a) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (INA) to deny entry into the United States of any alien 
determined by the Secretary of State to have confiscated, 
otherwise directed or overseen the confiscation of, or 
converted for personal gain, property the claim to which is 
owned by a national of the United States, or to have trafficked 
in such confiscated property.
    Section 212(a) of the INA lists grounds upon which aliens 
will be excluded from the United States. This INA provision is 
the basis for denying visas, or if visas are not required, 
entry into the United States, to aliens who fall under one or 
more of the listed categories. Section 168 of this Act adds 
another ground for exclusion to the list: confiscation without 
compensation of property owned by a national of the United 
States or disposing, profiting or otherwise benefitting from 
such confiscation without the authorization of the national of 
the United States who holds a claim to the property.
    Section 168 reflects the Committee's frustration with and 
continuing concerns about the lack of progress in resolving 
property claims overseas of American citizens. This is 
especially the case with respect to a number of outstanding 
property claims in Western Hemisphere nations. Currently, there 
are no sanctions on foreign government officials or private 
individuals who either confiscate or exploit a property the 
claim to which is owned by a national of the United States.
    The Committee has been informed that denying visas to 
foreigners wishing to enter the United States provides 
significant leverage to U.S. officials in urging foreign 
governments and individuals to either return the property or 
make prompt, adequate, and just compensation to American 
claimants.
    The Committee's intent in using the phrase ``governmental 
authority'' in the definition of ``confiscated property'' is to 
cover all levels of government, from the local and municipal 
level, to the state, provincial, or departmental level, to the 
national or federal level. This includes any person acting 
under actual or apparent authority, or color of law, of any 
foreign nation.
    All debts are certainly property, but the Committee is 
sensitive to property disputes overseas resulting from 
commercial transactions. The issue is when a default, 
repudiation or failure to pay a debt should be regarded as a 
confiscation. In most instances the mere failure to pay a 
government debt, or default on a government debt, or a 
repudiation on a debt, are not regarded as a confiscation.
    It is the Committee's intent to include a debt on any 
enterprise which has been nationalized, expropriated, or 
otherwise taken by a foreign government, or a debt which is a 
charge on property nationalized, expropriated or otherwise 
taken by a foreign government, or a debt which was incurred in 
satisfaction or settlement of a confiscate property claim. 
Debts arising outside these circumstances may not fall within 
the definition of ``confiscating property.'' In particular, a 
foreign government's default on a security, bond, or other 
negotiable instrument issued for the purpose of raising revenue 
is not a confiscation, unless the instrument was specifically 
issued in satisfaction or settlement of a confiscated property 
claim, in which case, in the Committee's view, such a default 
constitutes a confiscation for purposes of Section 168.
    The Committee recognizes that there are situations in which 
questions may arise as to whether a governmental act results in 
a confiscation. This is especially the case when United Nations 
member states have taken territory as a result of acts of war. 
Given that there are existing international mechanisms for 
resolving these disputes, Section 168 does not apply to claims 
arising from these inter-state disputes. Examples of claims 
that may arise from such disputes include the recent conflict 
between Peru and Ecuador, the so-called ``Soccer War'' between 
El Salvador and Honduras, and the Six Day War of June 1967, 
involving Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Israel.
    The Committee expects the Secretary of State to implement 
Section 168 to the fullest extent to achieve the prompt, 
adequate, and effective resolution of American property claims 
overseas.

Section 169--Visit of the president of the Republic of China on Taiwan

    The President of the Republic of China on Taiwan shall be 
admitted to the United States for a visit in 1995 with all 
appropriate courtesies.
    On May 22, 1995, the Department of State spokesperson 
announced on behalf of President Clinton that President Lee 
Teng-hui of Taiwan was to be granted a visa for admittance to 
the United States in June 1995 to make a private, unofficial 
visit to his alma mater Cornell University. While the Committee 
applauds this decision, it feels that the President of Taiwan 
deserves an official reception in the United States. As the 
president of a democratic nation with which the United States 
has close ties, President Lee deserves all those common 
courtesies accorded a foreign official of his rank and status.
Section 170--Terrorist lookout committees

    Codifies and strengthens existing embassy visa terrorist 
lookout committees. These committees were established by the 
State Department in 1993 under the ``Visas Viper Program'' in 
an effort to become more active in addressing problems that 
became clear after the World Trade Center bombings. The purpose 
of the Terrorist Look Committees is to ensure that all known 
foreigners ineligible for entry into the United States due to 
participation in terrorist or other criminal acts are entered 
into the State Department's lookout list in a timely fashion.
    These embassy committees are headed by the Deputy Chief of 
Mission, and its members should be the heads of all of the 
relevant embassy sections that could provide names for addition 
to the terrorist lookout list. However, separate GAO and State 
IG reports issued this year indicate that these efforts have 
become moribund. Therefore, the Committee believes that 
codifying the embassy terrorism committees in law is both 
prudent and necessary, and requiring personal responsibility by 
senior post management will raise the interest in this issue of 
the DCM and all relevant embassy sections.

Section 171--Sense of Congress on border crossing fees

    Expresses the sense of Congress that the United States 
should not impose or collect a border crossing fee along its 
borders with Canada and Mexico. This provision expresses 
opposition to the Administration's proposed new border crossing 
fee for those entering the United States--$1.50 per vehicle, 
and 75 cents per pedestrian. While the President describes the 
program as voluntary, extra funding for land border inspectors 
would only be available to those border states or localities 
that decide to impose these fees.
    The Committee shares the President's commitment to fight 
illegal immigration and protect our borders. But the Committee 
believes that this proposed border crossing fee is a 
misdirected attempt to stem illegal immigration that actually 
penalizes the thousands of legal immigrants, commuters, and 
tourists that cross our border each and every day. The 
President's proposal, if adopted and implemented by some border 
states, would result in a patchwork system of border crossing 
regulations that would be inconsistent with the uniformity 
expected of international border regulations.
    This border crossing fee would also take a terrible toll on 
cross-border traffic and trade, particularly along the border 
with our nation's largest trading partner--Canada. Even worse, 
the fee follows on the heels of a number of other governmental 
actions that have devastated hundreds of businesses and cost 
thousands of jobs in our northern border states.
    For instance, the economy of one of our border states--
Maine--is already being harmed by the discriminatory New 
Brunswick Provincial Sales Tax (PST). In July 1993, Canadian 
Federal agents along the New Brunswick/Maine border were given 
permission to collect the 11 percent New Brunswick PST on goods 
purchased in Maine by residents of that province. This action 
resulted in long delays at the border, incidents of harassment 
by Canadian border agents against Canadian citizens returning 
from the United States, and the dramatic loss of business for 
hundreds of Maine businesses. This was all part of a concerted 
campaign by the provincial government of New Brunswick to 
discourage its citizens from shopping in Maine.
    The actions of the Province of New Brunswick and the 
Canadian Government are unprecedented. New Brunswick sought, 
and received, permission from the Canadian Federal Government 
for Canadian Federal Customs officers to actively, and 
sometimes aggressively, collect the New Brunswick PST on the 
U.S.-Canada border. This is in no way comparable to the various 
cooperative information-sharing agreements that some U.S. 
states have entered into with the U.S. Customs Service. In the 
American example, some of our states take information gathered 
by the U.S. Customs Service in an effort to collect sales taxes 
from their citizens long after they have crossed the 
international border. However, on the Maine-New Brunswick 
border, Canadian Federal Customs officers physically collect 
the PST from New Brunswick citizens at the border.
    The Committee notes that after months of trying to get our 
own federal trade officials to take the PST issue seriously, 
the U.S. Trade Representative announced in February of 1994 
that the United States would bring the PST case to the dispute 
resolution tribunal of the North American Free Trade Agreement 
(NAFTA). Resolution of the PST dispute has stalled, however, 
because the details of the NAFTA dispute resolution process 
have not been finalized. There are indications to suggest that 
the Canadians and the Mexicans are actively impeding 
finalization of the process.
    The PST was imposed by the Canadians, but this proposed 
border crossing fee would be a self-inflicted blow by the 
United States on its borders states. At a time when we are 
trying to expand trade and commerce with our Canadian and 
Mexican neighbors, the Administration proposes erecting another 
non-tariff barrier to trade that will only hurt cross-border 
commerce and trade.
    Last fall, the United States Customs Service decided to 
raise the maximum value of goods that American citizens could 
bring back into the United States from Canada. This duty free 
level was raised from $25 to $200, and this decision was made 
without seeking a comparable increase from the Canadian 
Government. The PST's economic burden was only compounded by 
this misguided decision, and it further inflamed passions along 
the U.S.-Canadian border.
    This border crossing fee would further injure American 
businesses located near the Canadian border. It would only 
serve as a significant disincentive for Canadians who 
frequently cross the border to do business in Maine by placing 
a financial hurdle in their path. It would only impair cross 
border commerce and tourism, and impose an additional burden on 
businesses that are already struggling to survive.
                        Title II--United Nations

          Chapter 1--Funding; Budgetary and Management Reform

Section 201--Assessed contributions to the United Nations and 
        affiliated agencies

    Authorizes appropriations of $777,000,000 for each of the 
fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 for assessed 
contributions to the United Nations and affiliated agencies.
    As pressures mount to reduce federal spending and balance 
the budget, Congress will be forced to examine more closely the 
allocation of international affairs resources between 
multilateral and unilateral functions. Over the past three 
years, the central accounts of the Department of State have 
decreased by approximately $700 million while contributions to 
the United Nations and other multilateral organizations have 
increased by well over $1 billion. Budget constraints have led 
to the deferral of desperately needed improvements in the 
Department of State's infrastructure and to a constriction of 
bilateral diplomatic activities. We must be careful not to fund 
multilateral activities to the detriment of national security 
interests that are better served by investments in unilateral 
diplomatic endeavors.

Section 202--Assessed contributions for international peacekeeping 
        activities

    Authorizes appropriations of $445,000,000 for the fiscal 
year 1996, $375,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $300,000,000 
for the fiscal year 1998, and $210,000,000 for the fiscal year 
1999 for assessed UN peacekeeping activities.
    The Committee has been adamant that the United States pay 
for no more than 25% of the assessed costs of U.N. peacekeeping 
operations (see Public Law 103-236). The projected savings from 
an assessment of 25%, rather than 31.4% of the operations will 
amount to tens of millions of dollars every year.
    The Administration's budget is unrealistic in its United 
Nations peacekeeping request. The Administration request 
contemplates nearly $1 billion less for U.N. peacekeeping costs 
than were incurred in fiscal year 1995. The Administration's 
budget for peacekeeping assumes budget authority for the United 
Nations peacekeeping effort in the former Yugoslavia for only 
six months of the fiscal year. The U.N. Security Council, with 
United States support and encouragement, extended the UNPROFOR 
mandate on March 31, 1995. The State Department now estimates 
that the President's fiscal year 1996 request for $445 million 
for assessed U.N. peacekeeping activities will fall short of 
covering actual costs by almost $800 million. Yet, the 
Administration has refused to adjust its request to reflect 
expected peacekeeping costs accurately.
    The Committee fully authorized the FY 1996 requested level 
and anticipates lower costs each year thereafter based on the 
Administration's testimony that peacekeeping operations are 
declining. Before Congress considers additional FY 1996 funding 
needs, the Administration should provide Congress with a 
detailed analysis of why $445 million is inadequate to meet 
funding needs and submit documentation of a detailed plan to 
fully meet assessed peacekeeping costs in FY 1997 with the 1997 
budget request.

Section 203--Calculation of assessed contributions

    Expresses the sense of the Congress that the U.N. General 
Assembly should reformulate rates of assessment to reflect each 
member's share of the total world gross national product. This 
language reflects the Committee's view that current assessment 
rates are not fairly apportioned among nations, resulting in 
disproportionally high assessments for some and 
disproportionally low assessments for others.

Section 204--Reform in budget decisionmaking procedures of the United 
        Nations and its specialized agencies

    Allows the President to withhold 20 percent of the funds 
appropriated for the U.S. assessed contribution to the United 
Nations and its specialized agencies for any calendar year if 
the Secretary of State decides the United Nations or a 
specialized agency has not assured the budget concerns of the 
U.S. or other member states who pay large sums to the U.N. 
assessed budget.
    The President is required to consult with and notify the 
Committee on International Relations of the House and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate before withholding 
such funds or before paying previously withheld funds.
    No later than February 1 of each year, the President must 
submit a report to Congress on the amount of U.S. assessed 
contributions paid to the U.N. and each of its specialized 
agencies during the preceding calendar year.
Section 205--United Nations budgetary and management reform

    Amends the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 by 
adding section 10 to direct the President to certify, each 
fiscal year after fiscal year 1995, to Congress that the U.N. 
has fully achieved the requirements for the U.N. Inspector 
General as specified in this section. If the President cannot 
make such a certification, the following U.S. contributions 
will be withheld for that fiscal year: 20 percent of assessed 
contributions for the regular U.N. budget, 50 percent of U.S. 
assessed contributions for U.N. peacekeeping activities, and 
100 percent of U.S. voluntary contributions to the U.N. for 
peacekeeping activities.

Section 206--Whistleblower provision

    Requires the President to withhold 10 percent of the funds 
for the fiscal year for U.S. assessed contributions for the 
regular U.N. budget until the Secretary of State certifies to 
Congress that the U.N. and the Office of Internal Oversight 
Services within the U.N. Secretariat have created, implemented, 
and reviewed policies, within their jurisdiction, to adequately 
protect employees who allege or report instances of fraud or 
mismanagement.

                 chapter 2--united nations peacekeeping

Section 211--Annual report on United States contributions to United 
        Nations peacekeeping activities

    Amends section 4(d)(1) of the United Nations Participation 
Act of 1945 to require the President to submit to Congress a 
detailed report of the budget expected for the next fiscal year 
for U.S. participation in U.N. peacekeeping activities, 
including a statement of all funds available to and costs for 
such activities for that fiscal year, comprising assessed, 
voluntary, and in-kind contributions.

Section 212--Prior congressional notification of Security Council votes 
        on United Nations peacekeeping activities

    Amends section 4 of the U.N. Participation Act to require 
the President to notify Congress fifteen days before casting a 
vote in the Security Council that relates to a U.N. 
Peacekeeping operation and that would involve the use of U.S. 
forces or funds. The notification must include a cost 
assessment of the action (overall and for the U.S.) and 
identify the source of funding for the U.S. share of the cost.
    If the President determines that an emergency exists that 
prevents submission of such notification, and that the proposed 
action is in the U.S. national security interests, the 
notification must be submitted not more than 48 hours after the 
vote in the Security Council. The President may not appoint 
another person to make such determinations.

Section 213--Codification of required notice to Congress of proposed 
        United Nations peacekeeping activities

    Amends section 4 of the United Nations Participation Act of 
1945 to include section 407 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act for fiscal years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 
103-236), as revised, to require the President to provide to 
Congress, on a monthly basis, information on the status of U.N. 
Peacekeeping operations in written form by the 10th day of each 
month. Such information on changes in U.S. support or 
participation must take into account facilities, training, 
transportation, communication, and logistical support, but not 
intelligence activities reportable under the National Security 
Act of 1947.
    Section 213(a) also defines ``new UN Peacekeeping 
Operations'' for purposes of this act as any such existing or 
ongoing operation that is 1) to be expanded by more than 25% 
(measured either by increases in the number of personnel 
participating or by the increases in the budget) during the 
period covered by the Security Council resolution; or 2) to 
operate in a country in which it was not previously authorized 
to operate.
    Section 213(b) is a conforming amendment that repeals 
section 407(a) of Public Law 103-236, which is superseded by 
the modified language inserted pursuant to Section 213(a) 
above.
    Section 213(c) amends the UN Participation Act to clarify 
that the term ``designated congressional committee'' means the 
Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and 
the Committee on International Relations of the House of 
Representatives.
Section 214--Limitation on assessment percentage for peacekeeping 
        activities

    Amends the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 to urge 
the U.S. Ambassador to the UN to work for a review and 
reassessment of the UN peacekeeping scale of assessments. As 
part of this effort, the U.S. Ambassador should seek for the 
concept that a greater proportionate share of the burden of a 
peacekeeping operation should fall on the host government and 
other nearby states.
    This section also limits use of appropriated funds for 
peacekeeping to no more than 25% of the total assessed cost of 
an operation, regardless of any penalties or interest charges 
the UN may levy on the U.S. One intent of this provision is to 
discourage the UN from any attempt to charge member states, 
including the U.S., a late fee for past due assessments, as 
some have recommended.
    Section 214(b) establishes that the 25% limitation apply to 
peacekeeping operations for each fiscal year after fiscal year 
1995. The U.S. currently pays peacekeeping assessments at a 
rate of 30.4% but the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for 
fiscal years 1994 and 1995 capped payments at 25% beginning in 
fiscal year 1996.

Section 215--Buy America requirement

    Conditions U.S. payments for U.N. peacekeeping on fair 
treatment of U.S. companies in U.N. procurement activities. 
Specifically, this provision prohibits obligation or 
expenditure of funds for voluntary or assessed peacekeeping 
contributions unless the Secretary of State certifies to 
Congress that U.S. manufacturers and suppliers are given 
opportunities to supply goods and services for peacekeeping 
activities equal to opportunities given to foreign suppliers.

Section 216--Restrictions on intelligence sharing with the United 
        Nations

    This section is intended to establish logical and 
reasonable standards for sharing intelligence information with 
the United Nations.
    The Committee notes that under current law the United 
States must establish a regular intelligence-sharing 
arrangement with a foreign government before the U.S. 
negotiates a formal agreement to protect the sources and 
methods of U.S. intelligence gathering. Section 216 would 
impose a similar requirement for intelligence sharing with the 
UN.
    Intelligence-sharing with the U.N. has received 
considerable attention from the press following revelations of 
the U.N. breached agreements to protect U.S. intelligence 
information in Somalia. Similar breaches by the U.N. have also 
come to the attention of Congress.
    For regular intelligence-sharing with the U.N., the 
provision requires a certification by the Director of Central 
Intelligence that:
          The U.N. has established security violations 
        investigation and background investigation procedures 
        comparable to U.S. procedures;
          The U.N. has agreed to protect U.S. intelligence in a 
        manner comparable to U.S. protections;
          The U.N. will immediately notify the U.S. of any 
        unauthorized release of U.S. intelligence and will 
        permit the participation of U.S. law enforcement 
        personnel in any investigation; and
          The U.N. has agreed not to provide U.S. intelligence 
        information to certain individuals and countries. These 
        are (1) the nationals of any country otherwise 
        ineligible to receive that information under U.S. law, 
        (2) the government of any country on the U.S. terrorism 
        list, and (3) the government of any country ineligible 
        for the direct provision of such information. This 
        applies to countries with which the U.S. does not have 
        an intelligence sharing agreement.
    The Committee notes that the provision contains necessary 
Presidential waiver authority to permit the President to share 
specific intelligence information with the U.N. in 
circumstances that are important to protecting United States 
national security. In the absence of a formal intelligence-
sharing agreement, however, the provision would require 
individual case-by-case determinations before providing such 
information. The Committee believes that this will provide 
flexibility where needed, while retaining prudent measures to 
protect U.S. sources and methods of intelligence gathering.

Section 217--Activities exempted from United Nations sanctions

    The Committee believes that the United States should have 
more latitude in exempting certain U.S. programs in countries 
which are under U.N. or international sanctions. This section 
amends the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 by 
exempting from international sanctions those U.S.-based 
programs which promote respect for human rights, the exchange 
of information (as described in section 203(b)(3) of the 
International Emergency Economic Act), free enterprise and 
democratic development.
    The Committee believes that the promotion of democracy, 
market economics, human rights and the exchange of information 
are critical foreign policy objectives of the United States. 
Yet, U.N. sanctions prohibit the United States from promoting 
or encouraging these objectives--a proscription which denies 
the U.S. opportunities for encouraging pluralism and the 
furtherance of open societies in repressive regimes under 
international sanctions.
    The Committee is disappointed by the ineffective and casual 
efforts of the administration to secure exemptions to 
international sanctions on U.S.-originated proposals to support 
pro-democratic individuals and groups, independent media and 
other independent forces in Serbia in the United Nations 
Sanctions Waiver Committee.
    The Committee notes that previous legislation (Public Law 
103-236), Section 532) which authorized the President to exempt 
similar U.S. programs in Serbia and Montenegro in the U.N. 
Sanctions Waiver Committee has had little or no impact on 
securing waivers to support democratic groups. The Committee 
believes that Section 217 will make it possible for U.S. non-
governmental organizations and others to support individuals 
and organizations dedicated to democracy, free enterprise, and 
the free flow of information and human rights in closed 
countries under international sanctions.
Section 218--UNPROFOR funding restrictions

    Terminates United States funding for the United Nations 
Protection Force (UNPROFOR) unless the President certifies and 
reports to the Congress that: (1) UNPROFOR is fully 
implementing its mandates to include providing humanitarian 
assistance to those in need, maintaining the security of 
Sarajevo airport, and protecting the U.N.-designated safe 
areas; (2) UNPROFOR is cooperating with U.S. diplomatic, 
military and relief personnel; (3) UNPROFOR is cooperating with 
the U.N. War Crimes Tribunal; and (4) the Bosnian government 
wishes UNPROFOR to stay on its territory.
    The Committee acknowledges much of the work done by 
UNPROFOR in the provision of humanitarian assistance but notes 
with concern revelations by the General Accounting Office of 
UNPROFOR's ineffectiveness, corruption and diplomatic and 
military weakness. The U.S. cannot continue to pay 
approximately half a billion dollars a year for UNPROFOR unless 
it can effectively implement the mandate charged to it by the 
U.N. Security Council.

Section 219--Escalating costs for international peacekeeping activities

    Section 219 expresses congressional concern over escalating 
costs for international peacekeeping activities.
    The Committee notes that it is anticipated that the next 
fiscal year will be the third year in a row during which the 
Congress is asked to approve a supplemental peacekeeping 
request of over half a billion dollars to cover what the 
Administration describes as unanticipated peacekeeping 
initiatives.
    This provision expresses the sense of Congress that the 
Executive Branch should cease obligating the United States to 
pay for international peacekeeping operations in excess of 
funds specifically authorized and appropriated for this 
purpose.
    In including this provision, the Committee wishes to 
highlight the recent history of this funding account. In FY89, 
the United States provided a total of $29 million to the U.N. 
for assessed contributions for international peacekeeping, 
compared to $485 million provided for assessed budgets for all 
other international organizations, which included funding the 
U.N., its specialized agencies, the OAS, and other pan-American 
organizations.
    In FY94, however, the U.S. assessed contribution to the 
U.N. for peacekeeping grew to $1.1 billion, eclipsing the $860 
million we provided that year for all other activities of 
international organizations. And this $1.1 billion did not 
include the hundreds of millions of dollars that the United 
States provided through uncompensated military logistics and 
in-kind support.
    For FY95, the President has requested a $672 million 
peacekeeping supplemental that, if enacted, would bring the 
U.S. current-year contribution to $1.2 billion. This would come 
on top of the $1.9 billion in supplemental funds passed this 
year to cover the Defense Department's unbudgeted costs for 
humanitarian and peacekeeping missions in Haiti, Kuwait and 
Bosnia.
    Whether or not a Member of Congress supports any specific 
peacekeeping operation, the Committee is united in its belief 
that the Congress needs to be candid about the true costs of 
these activities, which in turn need to be duly authorized and 
appropriated. Otherwise, the Congress will continue to find 
itself in the position of being asked to cut existing programs 
or add to the deficit to fund operations that have never been 
requested through the regular budget process. The Committee 
notes that the Congress increasingly is resistant to 
entertaining these kinds of requests from the Administration, 
as shown by the Congress' refusal to date to fund the 
Administration's requested FY95 supplemental for the payment of 
additional assessed contributions to United Nations 
peacekeeping activities.

Section 220--Definition

    The term ``peacekeeping'' is commonly used to refer to a 
wide spectrum of activities designated to attenuate conflicts. 
To clarify its meaning for purposes of this Act, Section 231 
defines ``peacekeeping'' as any peacekeeping, peacemaking, 
peace enforcement of similar activity that is authorized by the 
U.N. Security Council under Chapter VI or VII of the U.N. 
Charter and the cost of which will be assessed by the U.N. to 
member states.
              Title III--Other International Organizations

               Chapter 1--Authorization of Appropriations

Section 301--International conferences and contingencies

    Authorizes the appropriation of $7,000,000 for the fiscal 
year 1996, $5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $4,000,000 for 
each of the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for International 
Conferences and Contingencies.
    The Committee is deeply concerned that the United Nations 
has shown a clear bias in its refusal to accredit certain 
nongovernmental organizations to the Fourth World Conference on 
Women, which is to be held in Beijing in September 1995. 
Furthermore, the Chinese government is not providing adequate 
facilities to enable the parallel nongovernment forum to be 
held in such a way as to provide the nongovernmental 
organizations access to the main conference. The Committee also 
notes the irony of holding an international conference on the 
rights and status of women in a country whose government 
pursues a policy of forced abortion and infanticide, focused 
disproportionately on baby girls. Rather than promoting the 
rights of women in China, the Committee is concerned that 
holding the conference in Beijing legitimizes China's treatment 
of women, and incorrectly suggests such treatment is acceptable 
to the international community.

Section 302--International Commissions

    Authorizes amounts to be appropriated under ``International 
Commissions'' to the Department of State as follows:
          (1)(A) $12,500,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $12,300,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $12,100,000 for 
        the fiscal year 1998, and $12,000,000 for the fiscal 
        year 1999 for Salaries and Expenses for International 
        Boundary and Water Commission, United States and 
        Mexico; and
          (1)(B) $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 
        and 1997, and $6,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
        1998 and 1999 for Construction for International 
        Boundary and Water Commission, United States and 
        Mexico;
          (2) $740,000 for the fiscal year 1996, $720,000 for 
        the fiscal year 1997, $700,000 for each of the fiscal 
        years 1998 and 1999 for International Boundary 
        Comission, United States and Canada;
          (3) $3,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 
        1997, 1998, and 1999 for the International Joint 
        Commission; and
          (4) $14,669,000 for the fiscal year 1996, $14,000,000 
        for the fiscal year 1997, $14,200,000 for the fiscal 
        year 1998, and $14,000,000 for the fiscal year 1999 for 
        International Fisheries Commissions.

Section 303--International Boundary and Water Commission

    Amends section 3 of The Act of May 13, 1924, to authorize 
the Secretary of State to act through the United States 
Commissioner of the International Boundary and Water Commission 
to improve the Rio Grande Canalization Project, including works 
needed to stabilize the Rio Grande in the reach between the 
Percha Diversion Dam in New Mexico and the American Diversion 
Dam in El Paso. This authorization will facilitate further 
compliance with the terms of the Convention for Equitable 
Distribution of the Waters of the Rio Grande, May 21, 1906, 
United States-Mexico.

Section 304--Inter-American organizations

    Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of 
State, when allocating resources for international 
organizations, should pay particular attention to funding 
levels for Inter-American organizations. This language 
expresses the U.S. long-term commitment to Western Hemisphere 
affairs and the need to build further on existing linkages.

                     chapter 2--general provisions

Section 311--International criminal court participation

    Prohibits the United States from participating in an 
international criminal court with jurisdiction over crimes of 
an international character, except pursuant to a treaty made in 
accordance with Article II, section 2, clause 2 of the 
Constitution or specifically authorized by enactment of 
legislation passed by Congress.
Section 312--Prohibition on assistance to international organizations 
        espousing world government

    Section 312 prohibits funds from this Act to be made 
available for the following:
          (1) to pay the United States contribution to any 
        international organization which engages in the direct 
        or indirect promotion of the principle or doctrine of 
        one world government or one world citizenship; or
          (2) for the promotion, direct or indirect, of the 
        principle or doctrine of one world government or one 
        world citizenship.
    The Committee notes that this provision has been law from 
1953 to 1986 and that the United States was founded on the 
principle of liberty and will continue to remain sovereign 
despite any effort by any individual or entity to set up a 
world government or world citizenship.

Section 313--Termination of United States participation in certain 
        international organizations

    Prohibits the use of appropriated funds to pay for U.S. 
membership in 1) the International Labor Organization (ILO); 2) 
the United Nations Industrial Development Association (UNIDO); 
3) the Inter-American Indian Institute; 4) the Pan American 
Railway Congress Association; and 5) the Interparliamentary 
Union.
    These prohibitions reflect this Committee's view that any 
benefits the U.S. may derive from membership in these 
organizations is disproportionate to the cost of that 
membership.
    The ILO is a holdover from the League of Nations, with a 
structure and functions that reflect outmoded patterns of 
labor/management/state relations. The ILO's costly ($64 
requested million for FY 96) and archaic tripartite approach 
(national delegations comprising separate government, labor and 
industry representation) are regarded by many as ill suited to 
today's patterns of the labor/management relations. To adapt to 
changing times the ILO has sought to diversify its functions by 
moving into fields largely divergent from its original purpose, 
such as the strengthening of democratic institutions. These 
objectives can be more effectively served by other means.
    Funding for UNIDO ($28 million was requested for FY 96) is 
prohibited as this entity is not an effective means for 
providing the development assistance it administers. Various 
development banks and other investment-oriented national aid 
programs perform similar functions, obviating the need for the 
overlapping functions by UNIDO.
    The other organizations do not serve any U.S. interest at a 
level proportionate to the expenditure required to fund 
membership.

Section 314--International covenant on civil and political rights

    Section 314 restricts funding for activities which have the 
purpose or effect of reporting or responding to the Human 
Rights Committee, established by the Covenant on Civil and 
Political Rights, until such time as the President submits to 
Congress a certification that the Committee has revoked General 
Comment No. 24 and recognized the validity of the United 
States' reservations, understandings, and declarations 
contained in the Senate resolution of ratification of the 
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
    The Human Rights Committee adopted ``General Comment No. 
24,'' which claims for the Committee the power to nullify those 
reservations, understandings, declarations and provisos of 
States Parties it judges to be invalid. The effect of this 
Comment would be to impose legal obligations on the United 
States that were never accepted by the United States.
    In prepared observations to General Comment 24, the State 
Department outlined its opposition to many of the provisions 
contained within the Comment. The State Department asserted 
that the Committee has exceeded the scope of its role as 
established under the Covenant and reinvents general principles 
of international law.
    In response, the Human Rights Committee Chairman issued a 
statement on March 31, 1995, which reaffirmed his Committee's 
position that different principles of international law should 
apply to human rights treaties.
    The Human Rights Committee's Comment Number 24 is a first 
step in rewriting international law and eliminating 
reservations placed on these treaties by the U.S. Senate. The 
Senate takes its Constitutional responsibility of advice and 
consent seriously. The conditions of ratification of this 
Covenant were added to protect Constitutional liberties, 
including reservations that ensure first amendment protections 
and capital punishment, as well as understandings regarding the 
implementation of this treaty--and all human rights treaties--
in domestic law.
    This section will send a clear message that in all treaties 
ratified by the United States--including treaties that protect 
human rights--the Supremacy Clause of the United States 
Constitution and the Constitutional authority of the Senate 
with respect to approval of treaties must take precedence.

Section 315--United States participation in single commodity 
        international organizations

    Section 315 requires the Secretary of State to submit a 
report to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and 
to the Committee on International Relations of the House of 
Representatives, not later than 180 days after the enactment of 
this Act, to identify United States interests served by 
participation in single-commodity international organizations 
and to set forth options to achieve privatization of United 
States representation in such organizations if feasible and 
desirable, as determined by the Secretary in this report.
    The United States spends nearly $1.5 million in membership 
or subscription fees to a number of small international 
organizations related to single commodities (e.g. International 
Cotton Advisory Council, International Copper Study Group, 
International Lead and Zinc Study Group, International Rubber 
Study Group, International Natural Rubber Organization, 
International Office of the Vine and Wine, and the 
International Seed Testing Association.) These organizations 
serve varied purposes: some (Vine and Wine, Seed Testing) set 
standards that facilitate U.S. exports worth hundreds of 
millions of dollars; others (such as the metal and rubber study 
groups) serve U.S. business and consumer interests by helping 
ensure market transparency. However, in some instances it may 
be possible to effectively privatize membership or otherwise 
shift the cost to the industries that most benefit from these 
organizations.

Section 316--Prohibition on contributions to the International Natural 
        Rubber Organization

    Prohibites all U.S. contributions to the International 
Natural Rubber Organization (INRO), which pay administrative 
and overhead costs for the organization. Designed to stabilize 
the natural rubber market globally by setting artificially high 
price floors, the INRO acts as a cartel benefitting producing 
countries at the expense of consuming countries. The chief cost 
to the United States comes not in annual membership fees paid 
by the United States government, but in the longer-term higher 
tire prices paid by American consumers to support buffer stock 
requirements under the existing International Natural Rubber 
Agreement. According to the State Department in written 
correspondence with the committee, smaller U.S. tire companies 
are put at a particular disadvantage by U.S. participation in 
anti-consumer natural rubber agreements since they are forced 
to buy rubber at cartel-supported prices while the larger tire 
companies are often able to purchase outside of the agreements 
on longer-term contracts. This organization will receive an 
estimated $289,000 from the U.S. for FY 1995 and the State 
Department requested $302,000 for FY 1996.

Section 317--Prohibition on contributions to the International Tropical 
        Timber Organization

    Section 317 prohibits further U.S. contributions to the 
International Tropical Timber Organization. U.S. funds to this 
producer cartel permit the examination of properties and end 
uses of secondary tropical woods to expand the resource base 
for tropical timber, permit research on potential industrial 
choices and uses and provide funding for meetings on tropical 
timber market issues. Since the U.S. is a non-producing 
consumer of tropical timber products, United States assistance 
to this organization, designed to set artificially high price 
floors to sustain production, acts directly against interests 
of United States consumers of tropical timber products. This 
organization will receive an estimated $166,000 in U.S. 
contributions for FY 1995 and the FY 1996 request is $177,000. 
The Committee recognizes that U.S. monetary support for 
organizations designed to increase costs to the American 
consumer does not make sense.

Section 318--General Accounting Office study of the cost-effectiveness 
        and efficiency of international organizations to which the 
        United States makes contributions

    Requires the Comptroller General of the United States to 
submit a report to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the 
House of Representatives, no later than one year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, on the cost-effectiveness and 
efficiency of the 51 organizations to which the United States 
makes contributions through the Department of State. This study 
must also evaluate whether activities of the organizations are 
crucial in conduct of U.S. foreign policy and whether any 
organizational functions can be performed directly by a U.S. 
Government agency; the operational effectiveness of each 
organization; and the potential consequences should the U.S. 
terminate funding to one of these organizations.
   Title IV--United States Informational, Educational, and Cultural 
                                Programs

               chapter I--authorization of appropriations

Section 401--Authorization of appropriations

    Section 401 authorizes the following appropriations for 
international information activities, and educational and 
cultural exchange programs:
          (a)(1) $429,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and 
        $387,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997 for Salaries and 
        Expenses. No funds are authorized to be appropriated 
        for fiscal years 1998 and 1999;
          (a)(2)(A) $109,500,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $101,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $93,000,000 for 
        each of the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for Fulbright 
        exchange programs;
          (a)(2)(B) $118,322,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $107,300,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $101,280,000 for 
        the fiscal year 1998, and $101,280,000 for the fiscal 
        year 1999 for other educational exchange programs;
          (a)(3) $310,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $300,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $290,000,000 for 
        each of the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for 
        International Broadcasting Activities:
          (a)(4) $75,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 
        1997, 1998, and 1999 for Radio Free Europe/Radio 
        Liberty;
          (a)(5) $83,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $79,500,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $69,000,000 for 
        the fiscal year 1998, and $65,000,000 for the fiscal 
        year 1999 for Radio Construction;
          (a)(6) $10,100,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and 
        $9,500,000 for the fiscal year 1997 or Technology 
        Investment Fund;
          (a)(7) $4,100,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and 
        $3,900,000 for the fiscal year 1997 for Office of the 
        Inspector General; and
          (a)(8) $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996, 
        $8,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997, $5,000,000 for 
        each of the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for the Center 
        for Cultural and Technical Interchange between East and 
        West. The Committee expects the East-West Center to 
        vigorously pursue private funding to make-up for any 
        budget shortfalls occurring as a result of decreases in 
        the international affairs budget account. The Committee 
        notes that this expectation applies not only to the 
        East-West Center but also to the Asia Foundation and 
        the National Endowment for Democracy.
            Educational exchange programs
    The Committee decided not to earmark any specific 
international exchange programs this year. It was thought that 
the Agency could determine how to best allocate funding for 
exchanges without being bound by constraints imposed by the 
Committee, especially in the light of the decreasing resources 
available for exchanges.
    Recognizing the value that exchange programs play in the 
transformation of former communist states to democratic 
governance and market economies, the Committee intends that 
USIA carry out a varied and balanced exchange program with the 
states of the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe. 
Therefore, of the amount authorized to be appropriated for 
educational and cultural exchange programs, the Committee 
expects USIA to devote an important share to exchange programs 
in the NIS and eastern Europe.
    The Committee finds that the Freedom Support Act Secondary 
School Exchange Program, especially the semester and academic 
year components, is one of the more successful of our NIS 
assistance programs and merits significant funding. Its impact 
is felt in every region and every country of the NIS, and 
thereby helps create support for democracy and markets among 
the future leaders of the NIS.
    The Committee finds the secondary school program in Russia, 
Ukraine and the other newly independent states to be 
worthwhile. However, the Committee questions the long-term 
impact of high school exchanges of shorter than a three-month 
duration. Therefore, the Committee hopes USIA will reduce 
significantly the portion of exchange funding devoted to short-
term exchanges for the former NIS.
    The Committee believes that organizations should require 
open competition for the administration of the Fulbright 
program and other scholar exchange programs. Such competition 
will encourage cost savings and remove unnecessary 
bureaucratization of scholar recruitment, selection, and 
placement.
    The Committee believes that in the next few fiscal years, 
USIA should provide grant money to the Pacific Economic 
Cooperation Council (PECC) give its unique role in APEC and its 
ability to serve a variety of U.S. Interests. The PECC is an 
independent, region-wide institution comprised of business 
leaders, government officials and research institutions and is 
the only non-governmental body with official observer status at 
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum meetings, including 
ministerial meetings. Since 1984, the United States has been 
represented in PECC through the U.S. National Committee (U.S.-
PECC). Although federal funding for U.S.-PECC dropped from 
$400,000 in FY1993 to $72,000 in FY1994, the Committee was 
disappointed to find that the President did not request any 
funding for U.S.-PECC in his FY1995 budget.
            International broadcasting activities
    The Committee believes in an effective and efficient U.S. 
International broadcasting capability that advances U.S. 
national interests. In the case of broadcasting to Cuba, the 
Committee recognizes the important role that Radio and TV Marti 
play in bringing uncensored news to the people of Cuba. The 
Committee is aware of discussions regarding the relocation of 
the Office of Cuban Broadcasting to south Florida. While the 
Committee has not taken a position on the relocation issue, the 
Committee strongly believes that any relocation, re-
organization, or any other reconfiguration, of the Office of 
Cuban Broadcasting should reflect the objectives of maximizing 
the programs' effectiveness and minimizing the cost to the 
American taxpayer.
    The Committee acknowledges that the international 
broadcasting of USIA and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty have 
been forced to undergo serious restructuring and consolidation 
over the last few years. The consolidation of U.S.-government 
sponsored, non-military international broadcasting, is 
projected to have saved the American taxpayers $462 million 
between fiscal years 1994 and 1997. The fiscal year 1996 
international broadcasting operating budget authorized in this 
bill, exclusive of the radio construction account, is a 21% 
reduction below the 1994 operating level of $487 million. 
Noting the dramatic changes in broadcasting at the Voice of 
America, Radio Free year, the Committee authorized the 
international broadcasting accounts at only $10 million less 
than the President's fiscal year 1996 budget request.
            Technology investment fund
    This fund was a new line-item request for appropriations 
made by USIA for the first time this year in its request for 
authorization. The Committee expects the Agency to use the fund 
to invest in leading-edge information systems that will allow 
instantaneous access to and the flow of information around the 
world.
    During the fiscal year 1997, as functions of USIA are 
absorbed into the Department of State, it is expected that the 
Agency together with the Secretary of State will use this fund 
to rationalize and upgrade the computer systems of the Agency 
and the Department. The Committee envisions that the effort to 
push the revitalized Department of State into the era of 
advanced technical information systems will consume a large 
amount of resources and has authorized this fund to be another 
resource to be relied upon in that effort.
Section 402--National Endowment for Democracy

    Authorizes funding for the National Endowment for Democracy 
(NED) for the next four fiscal years at $32 million, $29 
million, $25 million and $21 million respectively. It also 
mandates that up to, but no more than, 55 percent of the funds 
available to the NED for each fiscal year be allocated on an 
equal basis to the four core institutes of the NED: The 
International Republican Institute (IRI), The National 
Democratic Institute (NDI), The Center for International 
Private Enterprise (CIPE), and The Free Trade Union Institute 
(FTUI).
    The Committee further understands that the balance of the 
funds available to the NED is to be allocated for 
administrative costs and discretionary program. It is the view 
of the Committee that the NED has been a very cost-effective 
instrument for furthering democratic pluralism in other 
countries through programs that promote democratic pluralism 
which advance the national interests of the United States.

    chapter 2--USIA and related agencies authorities and activities

Section 411--Participation in international fairs and expositions

    Section 411 prohibits funds made available by this Act to 
be used by any department, agency, or other entity of the 
United States to participate in an international fair or 
exposition, unless the President establishes guidelines to 
authorize participation or funds are reprogrammed under section 
705 of the United States Information and Educational Exchange 
Act of 1948.

Section 412--Extension of au pair programs

    The USIA has administered au pair programs since 1986. 
While the history of these programs is generally positive, 
problems have also presented themselves. Pursuant to Public Law 
103-415, Congress granted the Agency authority to specifically 
regulate au pair programs. These regulations have been lauded 
as an excellent example of participatory rulemaking.
    The Senate Foreign Relations Committee has determined that 
a four year extension of au pair authorities should be 
authorized. The Committee elected for a four year extension in 
order to allow ample time to evaluate the operation of these 
programs pursuant to recently adopted regulations. To this end, 
the Committee has directed the Agency to submit a report, by 
October 1, 1998, regarding the regulatory compliance of 
designated au pair sponsors. This report shall specifically 
detail the compliance of all au pair organizations with 
regulations governing au pair programs as published on February 
15, 1995.
    The Committee further believes that there will be no 
limitations on the number of participants any one organization 
may sponsor as long as the total number of participants in the 
program does not exceed 24,720. The Committee anticipate that 
USIA will distribute the IAP-66 visa forms to the designated 
organizations on a fair and equitable basis.
    It is the Committee intent that the au pair program become 
a world-wide program. Thus, previous country-specific 
limitations are removed pursuant to the repeal of section 8 of 
the Eisenhower Fellowship Act. The prohibition against the 
designation of new sponsors or organizations seeking to 
facilitate au pair activities is also removed.

Section 413--Pilot program on advertising on USIA television and radio 
        broadcasts

    Section 413 requires the Director of the United States 
Information Agency to submit a plan, within 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, to carry out a pilot program 
to determine the feasibility and advisability of permitting 
advertisements on the television and radio broadcasts of the 
agency, including broadcasts of the Voice of America, Radio 
Marti/TV Marti, Worldnet, and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
    The Director shall both submit a plan to Congress setting 
out a pilot program, and request and consider the comments of 
the Board of Directors of the Corporation for Public 
Broadcasting.
    This section also permits the Director to use any revenues 
received by the agency under the pilot program to pay for the 
cost of the radio and television broadcasting activities of the 
agency.
    The Director's plan shall be carried out no later than 90 
days after he submits it to Congress and the plan will last 6 
months. He may also prescribe regulations to carry out the 
pilot program. Once carried out, within 120 days, he must 
present a report on the pilot program to include the following: 
(1) a description of the program, including the number and type 
of advertisements allowed under the program and the revenue 
received from the advertisements; (2) an estimate of the number 
and type of advertisements that the agency would carry if 
authorized to continue advertisements, and the revenues 
expected from such advertisements; (3) an evaluation of the 
practical and economical aspects of such advertisements, 
including the advantages and disadvantages of allowing such 
advertisements by United States entities, foreign government, 
foreign individuals or entities; and a combination of such 
entities, governments, and individuals.
    In an era of fiscal restraint, the Committee firmly 
believes that agencies of the U.S. Government should resort to 
as much private sector support and funding for their programs 
as possible. Other broadcasting entities of the U.S. Government 
have successfully implemented advertising programs to help 
defray the costs. The Voice of America and other U.S.-funded, 
non-military, international broadcasting entities should be 
encouraged to develop a similar system for their broadcasts. If 
the pilot program is successful, the Committee hopes that 
revenues from advertisements will allow the U.S. government to 
continue support for international broadcasting at reduced 
levels in future years.

Section 414--Availability of Voice of America and Radio Marti 
        multilingual computer readable text and voice recordings

    Authorizes the Director of USIA to make available, upon 
request, to the Linguistic Data Consortium of the University of 
Pennsylvania computer-readable multilingual text and recorded 
speech in various languages. The Linguistic Data Consortium 
shall, directly or indirectly as appropriate, reimburse the 
USIA for any expenses involved in making such materials 
available. The authority of this section shall terminate 5 
years after the date of enactment of this Act.
Section 415--Plan for Radio Free Asia

    No later than 20 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Director of the USIA is required to submit to the 
Congress a detailed plan for the establishment and operation of 
Radio Free Asia. This plan shall meet the requirements of 
subparagraphs (A) through (C) of section 309(c)(1) of the 
Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 
(22 U.S.C. 6208(c)(1). Section 309 remains applicable to all 
requirements of such Act. The plan shall describe the manner in 
which Radio Free Asia would meet the funding limitations 
provided in this Act.
    The Committee feels that the pace at which the 
Administration has nominated individuals to serve on the 
Broadcasting Board of governors has been extremely slow. Since 
the report on a Radio Free Asia is timed against the 
confirmation of the BBG, the report has yet to be considered or 
drafted. When President Clinton de-linked the extension of 
Most-Favored Nation trading status to China from human rights 
in May 1994, he promised to ``inaugurate Radio Free Asia,'' in 
an effort to ensure that the Chinese people are fully informed 
about developments in China and throughout the world. President 
Clinton has yet to follow through on that promise. The 
Committee notes that a dedication to Radio Free Asia would 
increase the pressure to submit nominations to the Committee in 
an expedited fashion.

Section 416--Expansion of Muskie fellowship program

    Amends section 227(a) of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (22 U.S.C. 2452) 
to establish the Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship Program in the 
following countries: the Newly Independent States (NIS), 
Lithuania, Lativa, Estonia, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech 
Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, and the former 
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. This program shall offer equal 
opportunities for students from each of these countries.
    Amends section 227(c)(5) to select participants on the 
basis of academic and leadership potential in the fields of 
business administration, economics, journalism, law, library 
and information science, public administration, and public 
policy.
    The Committee believes strongly that the countries of 
Central and Eastern Europe should be made eligible for program 
activities. The problems of economic and political transition 
are just as challenging and demanding to the new postcommunist 
states of Central and Eastern Europe as they are to the Russian 
states of Central and Eastern Europe as they are to the Russian 
Federation and other states of the NIS. Those states also face 
the need for well-trained specialists who through programs of 
graduate study in the United States can assist their countries 
in the development of private markets and open democratic 
systems.
    The fields specified under the amendments to section 227 
replicate the fields originally authorized plus those 
authorized for inclusion from funding provided beginning in 
fiscal year 1994 from the Freedom Support Act. The 
consolidation of fields brings the program into conformity with 
current activities without any increased costs.
    Events in Bosnia have demonstrated how fragile democracy 
and economic reform is in Central and Eastern Europe. Extending 
the Muskie Fellowship Program to Central and Eastern Europe 
would increase the capacity for policy advice to leaders of 
those countries and sustain the higher education institutions 
so essential to long-term foundations of knowledge for policy 
making.
    The change would not cost anything, would help correct 
Russocentrism in our regional exchange programs, and would help 
those states, who confront the same problems of transition that 
those of the Newly Independent States do, train important new 
specialists in policy relevant areas. In turn, this group of 
specialists would be able to return to their countries and 
provide practical advice on contemporary problems facing policy 
makers.

Section 417--Changes in administrative authorities

    Amends section 235 of the Foreign Relations Authorization 
Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101-246) to allow 
Tinian to have contract authority for Voice of America (VOA) 
facility. The Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the 
Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, Fiscal Year 
1995 (Public Law 103-317) appropriated $5,000,000 to USIA to 
begin construction of a VOA and Radio Free Asia Pacific Island 
Short-Wave Facility (Tinian). The VOA requires ``continuing 
contract authority'' by the last quarter of fiscal year 1995 in 
order to allow for the award of this project. Such authority 
would authorize VOA to enter into a contract for up to five 
years if there are sufficient funds to cover at least the U.S. 
Government's liability for payments for the fiscal year in 
which the contract is awarded, plus the full amount of 
estimated cancellation charges. Congress has previously given 
VOA such authority with respect to the construction of radio 
facilities in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Sao Tome, and Kuwait.
    Amends section 701(f)(4) of the United States Information 
and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1476(f)) to 
allow appropriations for the ``Salaries and Expenses'' and 
``Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs'' to be available 
until March 1, 1997.
    Amends section 4 of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 
U.S.C. 1465b) to direct the head of the Cuba Service to report 
directly to the Director of International Broadcasting Bureau. 
This is a technical and conforming amendment.
    Amends section 244(a) of the Television Broadcasting Act 
(22 U.S.C. 1465cc(a)) to require the head of the Television 
Marti Service to report directly to the Director of the 
International Broadcasting Bureau.
    Amends section 307 of the Foreign Relations Authorization 
Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-236) to achieve 
economies and eliminate duplication by authorizing the Director 
of USIA to appoint, during 1995, up to 15 otherwise qualified 
United States citizens employed in the Office of the Vice 
President for Engineering and Technical Operations of RFE/RL, 
Incorporated, to the competitive service or the career Foreign 
Service of the USIA in accordance with the provisions of title 
5 of the United States Code, and without regard to the 
governing appointments in the Foreign Service. Prior service 
with RFE/RL, Incorporated, by an individual appointed under 
this subsection, shall be credited in determining the length of 
service of the individual for reduction in force purposes and 
toward establishing the career tenure of the individual.
    Amends section 810 of the United States Information and 
Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1475e) to authorize 
certain fees to be used in connection with English-teaching, 
library services, and educational advising.

Section 418--General Accounting Office study of duplication among 
        certain international affairs grantees

    Section 418 requires the General Accounting Office (GAO) to 
study the purposes and activities of several long-standing 
recipients of major grants from the international affairs 
budget. As the Congress works to integrate U.S. foreign affairs 
agencies, the Committee believes it is worthwhile to similarly 
review certain private grantees.
    This provision specifically requires the GAO examine the 
purposes and activities of the North-South affiliated with the 
University of Florida, the East-West Center affiliated with the 
University of Hawaii, the Asia Foundation, and the National 
Endowment for Democracy.
    Specifically, GAO would look at the extent to which the 
activities of these organizations duplicate activities 
conducted elsewhere in the United States Government. Essential 
to the decision of whether to continue funding these 
traditional grantees is the extent to which they undertake 
unique activities central to the conduct of American foreign 
policy. Budget exigencies require that increasingly difficult 
funding decisions are going to have to be made in the years 
ahead, and the committee hopes that the information from this 
study will assist the Congress in making those decisions.

Section 419--General Accounting Office study of activities of the 
        North/South Center in support of the North American Free Trade 
        Agreement

    Requires the General Accounting Office (GAO) to report on 
whether the North-South Center used U.S. funds to engage in 
improper lobbying efforts advocating the North American Free 
Trade Agreement.
    The Committee notes that in the midst of the 1993 NAFTA 
congressional debates, the North-South Center (which Federal 
Government grantee receiving funds through the U.S. Information 
Agency) sent Members of Congress a publication entitled 
Assessment of the North American Free Trade Agreement. The 
supportive content of the publication and its timing raise 
questions about the potential misuse of taxpayer funds for 
lobbying efforts. This provision is intended to resolve these 
questions.
  Title V--United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the 
                  Agency for International Development

Section 501--Authorization of appropriations

    Authorizes $22,700,000 for the fiscal year 1996 to carry 
out the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2551 et 
seq.). Funds available to ACDA for FY 1997 would be made 
available from funding authorized to the Department of State.
    Funds available to ACDA for FY 1997 would be made available 
for funding authorized to Department of State.
    No funds may be obligated or expended by the United States 
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency after March 1, 1997.
    The Committee does not provide an authorization of 
appropriations for the Cobra Dane facility. The President's 
fiscal year 1996 budget request proposes to fund the program in 
ACDA rather than from the Department of Defense budget, as has 
been the case in previous years. The Committee believes the 
facility should continue to be funded out of the DoD budget.

Section 502--Statutory construction

    Reinstates a clarification contained in the Arms Control 
and Disarmament Act since 1963, but removed in the 102nd 
Congress. Section 502 makes clear that the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency cannot authorize policies or actions which 
would interfere with, restrict, or prohibit the acquisition, 
possession, or use of firearms by an individual for the lawful 
purpose of personal defense, sport, recreation, education or 
training. Gun control proposals contrary to the United States 
Constitution are considered at official international 
conferences, such as the Ninth United Nations Congress on the 
Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders and the 
Fourth World Conference on Women. The Committee believes that 
the administration should not support any proposal calling for 
actions that could ultimately be an infringement of the U.S. 
Constitution and the rights of law-abiding Americans.

Section 503--Operating expenses

    Amends section 667(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 to authorizes $432,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and 
$389,000,000 for 1997 for necessary operating expenses of AID, 
excluding the Office of the Inspector General.

Section 504--Operating expenses of the Office of the Inspector General

    Authorizes $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $31,500,000 
for the fiscal year 1997 for necessary operating expenses of 
the Office of the Inspector General of AID.

                        Title VI--Foreign Policy

Section 601--Repeal of provisions relating to interparliamentary groups

    Section 601 repeals the following provisions:
    Section 109(b) Of the Department of State Authorization 
Act, fiscal year 1984 and 1985 (Public Law 98-164), which 
authorizes funds to be used for expenses of United States 
participation in interparliamentary groups to be used to host 
the annual spring meeting of the British-American Parliamentary 
Group held in the United States; and Section 109(c), which 
allows $50,000 of such funds to be used for U.S. participation 
in the United States-European Community Interparliamentary 
Group.
    The joint resolution to authorize participation by the 
United States in parliamentary conference with Canada, approved 
June 11, 1959 (22 U.S.C. 276d-276g).
    Section 105 of the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 276c-1), which requires interparliamentary 
groups of which the United States is a member, and each 
employee of the Senate or House of Representatives, by whom or 
on whose behalf expenditures are made from funds appropriated 
for the expenses of such group or delegation, to file with the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate in the case of 
Members or employees of the Senate, or with the Committee on 
International Relations of the House of Representatives in the 
case of Members or employees of the House, an itemized report 
showing all such expenditures. Following, consolidated reports 
showing such expenditures are prepared by the Chairman of the 
Committee on Foreign Relations and filed with the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate; and by the Chairman of the 
Committee on International Relations of the House and filed 
with the House Administration of the House.
    The Act to authorize participation by the United States in 
the Interparliamentary Union, approved June 28, 1935 (22 U.S.C. 
276-276a-4).
    Section 7(a) of the Anglo-Irish Agreement Support Act of 
1986 (Public Law 99-415), which authorizes funds to be used to 
disburse vouchers, audits, and submission of reports for United 
States participation in international organizations and 
conferences that relate to this agreement between the United 
Kingdom and Ireland. This provision has no practical affect and 
is unnecessary.
    The proviso under ``Missions to International 
Organizations'' in the Departments of State and Justice, the 
Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1959, 
approved June 30, 1958 (Public Law 85-474), which states that 
Senate delegates to Conferences of the Interparliamentary Union 
shall be designated by the Presiding Officer of the Senate.
    Section 168 and section 169 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, fiscal years 1992 and 1993 (22 U.S.C. 2761, 
276m), which establishes and provides funding for the British-
American Interparliamentary Group and the United States 
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization on 
Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), respectively.
Section 602--Repeal of executive branch membership on the Commission on 
        Security and Cooperation in Europe

    Section 602 repeals the executive branch membership on the 
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The 
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also 
known as the Helsinki or OSCE Commission, is a joint 
Congressional-Executive agency created in 1976 by Public Law 
94-304 with a mandate to monitor and encourage compliance with 
agreements of the Organization on Security and Cooperation in 
Europe (OSCE). The Commission consists of nine members of the 
U.S. House of Representatives, nine members from the U.S. 
Senate, and one member each of the Departments of State, 
Defense and Commerce.
    When it was created, the purpose of the Commission was to 
focus the attention of both the Executive and Congressional 
Branches of the United States government on the nascent process 
of creating what has now become the Organization on Security 
and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). At that time, in the midst of 
a resurgence in the Cold War, the prospects of an international 
organization bridging the political divide between East and 
West in Europe was considered by many to be an exercise in 
futility.
    The Commission was successful in its initial efforts to 
focus Congressional interest on the development of the OSCE. In 
the intervening period, the Commission's mandate has been to 
monitor and report to the Congress on the function of the OSCE, 
gather and disseminate information about the issues and member 
states of the OSCE, and participate in the general formulation 
and take part in the execution of U.S. policy in the OSCE.
    The Committee supports the work of the Commission and 
appreciates the important and timely focus it brings on 
important developments in Europe. However, the Committee is 
concerned that this extensive mandate should be reviewed in 
order to ensure that full coordination between the Commission 
and the Congressional oversight Committees continues. Even more 
so, the Committee feels that allowing the formalized 
participation of the Executive Branch in Congressional 
oversight activities is an undesirable breach of the separation 
of powers. Therefore, as an initial step in the process of 
coordinating and defining the appropriate mandate of the 
Commission in relation to the oversight Committees and 
Congressional prerogatives, the Committee has repealed 
executive branch membership on the CSCE.

Section 603--Persons fleeing coercive population control policies

    Reinstates the previous interpretation of the law that 
prevailed prior to August 1994. Section 603 states that if a 
person is forced to have an abortion or undergo a sterilization 
procedure under a population control program, or if that person 
has a well-founded fear of persecution because of opposition to 
such a program, then that person will be considered to be 
persecuted because of his or her political beliefs. While 
section 603 is general, its practical effect is to help those 
individuals seeking political asylum because they were 
persecuted for their opposition to China's brutal ``one-child-
per-family'' population control policy, under which: fines are 
levied that amount to as much as three times an average annual 
salary; pregnant women are kidnapped and taken to clinics where 
abortions are performed against their will; men and women are 
compelled to undergo sterilization operations; business 
licenses, crop permits and other means of livelihood are 
denied; property, sometimes including a family home, is 
destroyed or expropriated; and forced abortions occur during 
the process of birth.
    Under current administration policy, if a woman was forced 
to have an abortion under a coercive population control 
program, that woman is not eligible for asylum in the United 
States. The Committee is aware of 13 Chinese women currently 
awaiting deportation who fall into this category. Five of these 
women were forced to have an abortion and several others were 
forced to undergo sterilization procedures. The Committee 
believes that individuals such as these should not be forced to 
return to China so long as China maintains its coercive 
population control program.

Section 604--Authorized payments and transfers

    Requires the Secretary of Treasury to approve all 
applications for licenses that meet the criteria of section 
575.510 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, even though 
such applications may have failed to meet the requirement that 
the letter of credit be issued or confirmed by a United States 
bank or that the letter of credit reimbursement be confirmed by 
a United States bank. Licenses pursuant to this section shall 
be issued within 30 days of the date of enactment of this Act.

Section 605--Reports regarding Hong Kong

    Amends Section 301 of the United States-Hong Kong Policy 
Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5731) to extend the requirement for the 
Secretary of State to transmit to the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives and the Chairman of the Foreign Relations 
Committee of the Senate a report on conditions in Hong Kong of 
interest to the United States not later than March 31, 1995 and 
every year thereafter.
    This amendment requires this report to detail information 
on the status of, and other developments affecting, 
implementation of the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the 
Question of Hong Kong, including the Basic Law and its 
consistency with the Joint Declaration; the openness and 
fairness of elections to the legislature; the openness and 
fairness of the election of the chief executive and the 
executive's accountability to the legislature; the treatment of 
political parties; the independence of the judiciary and its 
ability to exercise the power of final judgment over Hong Kong 
law; and the Bill of Rights.
Section 606--Applicability of Taiwan Relations Act

    Since the signing of the U.S.-China Joint Communique on 
August 17, 1982, U.S. military sales to Taiwan have decreased 
by $20 million every year. United States law, the Taiwan 
Relations Act (Public Law 96-8) specifically, states that the 
U.S. government ``will make available to Taiwan such defense 
articles and services in such quantity as may be necessary to 
enable Taiwan to maintain a self-defense capability.'' The 
amount of defense articles and services the U.S. may supply to 
Taiwan should be governed first and foremost by the defensive 
needs of Taiwan, a policy well-articulated by the Taiwan 
Relations Act. The Committee supports efforts of U.S. companies 
to sell any military equipment deemed necessary to defend 
Taiwan from threats and reiterates the intent of standing U.S. 
law. The President and the Congress' determination of Taiwan's 
defense needs shall supersede any provision of the Joint 
Communique of the United States and China of August 17, 1982.
    In December 1992, the United States Government approved 
release of the Harpoon missile to Taiwan. Since then, Taiwan 
has bought approximately 38 ship launched Harpoon missiles. In 
June 1994, the Taiwan Government began discussions with 
Administration officials concerning the release of the air 
launched version of the Harpoon for the F-16 A/B fighter 
aircraft. An F-16 aircraft equipped with Harpoon missiles would 
give Taiwan the ability to protect maritime approaches.
    The United States Government has a commitment to Taiwan to 
ensure its defensive needs are met. Taiwan has a legitimate 
need for the air launch version of the Harpoon missile.
    Chinese strategic planning and the pace of military 
modernization has undergone a dramatic reversal over the past 
five years, in part enabled by the growing economy. Beginning 
in 1989, the defense budget has increased annually by double-
digit percentages. Estimates of the Chinese People's Liberation 
Army (PLA) military expenditures range from $31 billion to $92 
billion for 1995.
    Abandoning its focus on land power, China has turned its 
attention to its ``strategic frontiers,'' engaging in the 
construction and deployment of increasingly sophisticated 
nuclear and conventional systems designed to enlarge its 
strategic horizons and enhance its power projection 
capabilities, most notably over the Spratly Island in the South 
China Sea and the Straits of Formosa. To these ends, portions 
of the army and navy have been reconstituted into mechanized 
infantry, airborne, and naval infantry units. Taken together 
with the development of an airfield and anchorage on Woody 
Island in the Paracels, the forward basing of medium-range 
strike assets on Hainan Island, the development of naval air-
to-air refueling capability, and the acquisition of new classes 
of destroyers, amphibious assault craft, and resupply ships, 
provide cause for concern for Taiwanese military planners and a 
strong case for the provision of air-launched Harpoon missiles.
    China has taken advantage of the ``buyers market'' in 
relatively sophisticated weapons systems. Beijing has acquired 
two dozen MiG-29 Fulcrums, slightly more than that number of 
Su-27 Flankers, and an assortment of other strike aircraft 
possibly including supersonic bombers. Moreover, the PRC 
produces the MiG-31 Foxhound interceptor under license from 
Russia. Consonant with its desire to modernize command, 
control, communications, and intelligence architecture, the 
country also has indicated interest in acquiring airborne early 
warning aircraft from Russia and Israel. Other likely purchases 
include Kilo diesel submarines, antisubmarine warfare 
helicopters, AA-10 air-to-air missiles, and the R-33E air-to-
air missile. In the long-term, China also may be interested in 
a 25,000-ton Spanish-designed aircraft carrier.
    Given the repeated and closely-spaced nature of PLA 
amphibious and airborne exercises conducted in the vicinity of 
Taiwan since 1993, qualitative improvements in the PRC's 
offensive capabilities fairly demand parallel increases in the 
defensive capabilities of Taiwanese forces. The need for 
modernization of Taiwan's anti-shipping capability is rendered 
all the more acute for four reasons: 1) as Taiwan approaches 
its first direct presidential election; 2) as the U.S. has its 
own in 1996; 3) because Taiwanese air-defense forces still rely 
upon 1950s-vintage F-104s (having not yet taken delivery of 
either US F-16 or French Mirage 2000 fighters); and 4) because 
a new Chinese leadership may increasingly feel enabled and 
emboldened by growing capabilities and increased options. 
Further, the Chinese government continues to refrain from 
ruling out the use of force as an option to forcibly 
``reunify'' China and Taiwan, if necessary. The air-launched 
Harpoon has been cleared for release in both Japan and Korea. 
In fact, no international customer cleared for the ship 
launched Harpoon has been denied the air-launched version.
    The Committee recommends that the Administration favorably 
review future requests for the sale of the air launched version 
of the Harpoon to the Taiwan Air Force.

Section 607--Taipei representative office

    Redesignates the Taipei Economic and Cultural 
Representative Office as the ``Taipei Representative Office.''
    The Committee believes the name Taipei Representative 
Office accurately reflects the activities carried out by 
Taiwanese officials in the United States. Taiwanese officials 
engage in political discussions with Members of Congress, 
discuss military matters with Pentagon officials, and maintain 
a diplomatic and foreign policy dialogue with State Department 
officials. Taiwanese officials enjoy a range of working 
contacts in numerous other federal departments and agencies as 
well. Changing the name of their office appropriately 
recognizes the extent of their duties and responsibilities as 
representatives of Taiwan.

Section 608--Report on occupied Tibet

    Section 608(a) details Congressional findings regarding 
Tibet's status as an ``occupied sovereign country'' under 
international law and recognizes the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan 
government-in-exile as the true representatives of the Tibetan 
people.
    Section 608(b) requires the Secretary of State to report 
six months after the date of enactment of the Act, and every 
twelve months thereafter, on the state of relations between the 
U.S. and the Dalai Lama and other true representatives of the 
Tibetan people, as well as on the state of conditions in Tibet.
    Section 608(c) is a sense of Congress suggesting that 
whenever an executive branch report is transmitted to the 
Congress on a country-by-country basis, Tibet should be listed 
in the report alphabetically with its own state heading.
    In 1991, the United States Congress passed legislation, and 
then-President George Bush signed into law Public Law 102-128, 
declaring Tibet as an ``illegally occupied nations'' whose true 
representatives are the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-
in-exile. Section 608(a) reaffirms that law.
    During negotiations with the executive branch of the 
Foreign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1994 and 
1995 (now P.L. 103-236), the executive branch made an oral 
commitment to members of the then-House Foreign Affairs 
Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that Tibet 
could be included alphabetically when the Department of State 
submitted a country-by-country report to Congress. The 
Committee notes that the Country Reports on Human Rights 
Practices for 1994, published by the Department, includes Tibet 
as part of the China section. The Committee was disappointed by 
the Department's actions and assumes the 1995 report will be 
corrected.
Section 609--Special Envoy for Tibet Act of 1995

    Section 609(b) states that the Congress finds that the 
Government of the People's Republic of China has not allowed 
Tibetans any meaningful participation in the governance of 
Tibet; has not guaranteed autonomy for Tibet; has destroyed 
much of Tibet's cultural and religious heritage since 1959 and 
threatens the survival of Tibetan culture and religion; has 
discriminatory programs which have resulted in an onerous flow 
of Chinese immigrants into Tibet and has excluded Tibetans from 
participation in important policy decisions, further 
threatening traditional Tibetan life; and denies Tibetans their 
fundamental human rights.
    Section 609(b) also states that the President and the 
Congress have urged the senior members of the Government of the 
People's Republic of China to enter into substantive 
negotiations on such matters with the Dalai Lama or his 
representative. The Dalai Lama has repeatedly stated his 
willingness to begin these negotiations without preconditions; 
however, the Government of the People's Republic of China has 
failed to respond in good faith by reciprocating a willingness 
to begin these negotiations.
    Section 609(c) establishes within the Department of State a 
United States Special Envoy for Tibet, who shall be appointed 
by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, and shall have the personal rank of ambassador.
    Section 609(d)(1) encourages the Special Envoy for Tibet to 
promote negotiations and good relations between the Dalai Lama 
or his representatives and senior members of the Government of 
the People's Republic of China; to promote good relations by 
meeting with members or representatives of the Tibetan 
government-in-exile; and to travel regularly throughout Tibet 
and Tibetan refugee settlements.
    Section 609(d)(2) states that the Special Envoy should 
consult with Congress on policies relevant to Tibet and the 
future and welfare of all Tibetan people; coordinate United 
States Government policies, programs, and projects concerning 
Tibet; and report to the Secretary of State regarding matters 
described in Section 536(a)(2) of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-
236).
    The United States continues to have a tremendous amount of 
leverage with the Chinese government. It is the Committee's 
belief that concerted and unified pressure on the Chinese 
leadership could lead to the resolution of the problems in 
Tibet through peaceful negotiations. Since the Chinese 
government has refused to meet with the Dalai Lama, it is the 
Committee's hope that a U.S. Special Envoy could handle the 
negotiations with the Chinese on his behalf. The establishment 
of a Special Envoy will send a clear message to the Chinese 
that the U.S. Congress stands firmly behind the Tibetan people.

Section 610--Prohibition on use of funds to facilitate Iraqi refugee 
        admissions into the United States

    In FY 1995, the U.S. refugee program allots 5000 spaces for 
Middle Easterners to be admitted into the United States. 
According to the Department of State, 4000 of these spaces will 
go to Iraqis. In theory, these Iraqis fear to return to Saddam. 
In reality, according to reporting from the U.S ambassador to 
Saudi Arabia, many are criminals or otherwise ineligible for 
admission, but are being admitted nonetheless as a result of 
pressure from the U.S. funded voluntary agency which 
administers this program in Saudi Arabia.
    The United States took over 2000 Iraqis from Saudi POW/
refugee camps in FY1993 and over 3000 in FY1994. The United 
States takes fully half of all Iraqi refugee, with the other 
half split among Europe and Turkey. The request for the Saudi 
portion of this program alone is over $1.2 million for FY 1996. 
The Committee believes there is no reason the United States 
should continue to bear the majority of the burden of Iraqi 
refugees.
    This section does not bar Iraqi refugees from admission 
into the United States. It bars funding from this or any other 
act to facilitate the admission into the United States of Iraqi 
refugees currently residing in Turkey and Saudi Arabia.

Section 611--Prohibition of articles using forced labor

    Section 611 states that no product of the People's Republic 
of China shall enter or be imported into the United States 
unless:
          (1) the Secretary of the Treasury determines that 
        such product is not the product of forced labor. This 
        determination should be based on consultations to be 
        described in this section.
          (2) the importer of any product of the People's 
        Republic of China submits a certification to the 
        Secretary of the Treasury in accordance with the 
        certification requirement set forth in this section.
    The United States shall use all diplomatic efforts to 
persuade the People's Republic of China to permit 
representatives of international humanitarian and 
intergovernmental organizations, such as the International 
Committee of the Red Cross, to periodically inspect all camps, 
prisons, and other facilities holding detainees. The Secretary 
of the Treasury shall consult with representatives of such 
organizations in order to determine that products of the 
People's Republic of China which are for export are not being 
produced with the use of forced labor.
    The Secretary of the Treasury shall consult with the 
Secretary of State and prescribe the form, content, and manner 
of submission of the certification (including documentation) 
required in connection with the entry of importation into the 
United States of any product, growth, or manufactured article 
of the People's Republic of China. This certification shall 
satisfy the Secretary of Treasury that the importer has taken 
steps to ensure that such product was not produced, gown, or 
manufactured with the use of forced labor.
    This section delineates the penalties imposed on any person 
who knowingly enters or imports into the United States a 
product or article prohibited under the conditions described in 
this section.
    This section also defines the terms forced labor, product, 
entry, enter or be imported, import, and importation.
    The Committee clarifies that nothing in this section shall 
be construed to allow any private right of action against the 
Secretary of the Treasury or his designees.

Section 612--Forfeiture of slave-made products

    Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to permit imported 
merchandise that is in violation of section 307 of the Tariff 
Act to be seized, forfeited, and destroyed.
    This section codifies a memorandum issued by the 
Commissioner of the Customs Service for All Special Agents in 
Charge and All District Directors in March 21, 1995. The 
codification of this policy will ensure Customs officers in the 
field are allowed to confiscate, with probable cause, imported 
goods that have been made by prison labor. Before this practice 
was instituted, if Customs determined that goods had been 
produced by prison labor, the goods were re-exported and sold 
on the market of another country. The Committee applauds the 
Customs Services' efforts to deter the importation of goods 
made by prison labor and hopes to see actions of this kind 
continue.

Section 613--Special envoy for Nagorno-Karabakh

    This provision is a sense of Congress that the President 
should immediately appoint a special envoy at the rank of 
Ambassador to offer assistance in facilitating a negotiated 
settlement to the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and to press for 
the development of an oil pipeline through Azerbaijan, Armenia 
and Turkey. The U.S has not sent a special envoy to the talks 
on Nagorno-Karabakh for over a year while the Russians have a 
full time diplomat assigned to pursue aggressively Russian 
interests in the Region.
    The Committee supports an end to the conflict in Nagorno-
Karabakh and believes that a sure way to promote peace is to 
ensure the economic prosperity that would result if an oil 
pipeline were constructed through Azerbaijan, Armenia and 
Turkey. The envoy would make it clear that the U.S will not 
tolerate interference by any country in the region in the 
construction of a pipeline on the territory of the sovereign 
states of Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Section 614--Report to Congress concerning Cuban emigration policies

    Requires the President to submit beginning three months 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every six 
months thereafter, to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report concerning the Government of Cuba's methods of enforce 
the United States-Cuba agreement of September 1994 to restrict 
the emigration of the Cuban people from Cuba to the United 
States, and the Government of Cuba's treatment of persons who 
have been returned to Cuba pursuant to the United States-Cuba 
agreement of May 1995. Each report shall detail the account of 
the United States efforts to monitor such enforcement and 
treatment.

Section 615--Efforts against emerging infectious diseases

    Directs the President to develop appropriate United States 
Government strategies and response mechanisms to combat 
emerging infectious diseases. The President must submit to the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate a report detailing a strategic 
plan, in cooperation with the international public health 
infrastructure, to identify and respond to the threat of 
emerging infectious diseases which pose a danger to the health 
of the people of the United States.

Section 616--Report on firms engaged in export of dual-use items

    In response to Senator Pryor's request, the General 
Accounting Office conducted a review of export control 
activities at the Departments of State and Commerce in June, 
1994. The GAO reported that the Departments of State and 
Commerce's watchlists that are used to screen export 
applications did not include several significant parties, which 
should have been included according to their own procedures. 
Moreover, State and Commerce have seldomly cooperated to share 
the names on their respective watchlists despite the fact that 
their export control missions are similar and integral to U.S. 
national security. The GAO also discovered that State neglects 
to review annual sales reports of the licensee in order to 
determine whether all manufacture or distribution agreements 
are in accordance with State's standards. In fact, not only 
were State's files on agreements found to be in ``disarray'' 
with critical documents missing but also the Department 
improperly issued some licenses.
    Between 1990 and 1993, Commerce and State approved 847 
licenses for parties contained on their watchlists. In 1992, 
State issued four licenses involving a company that had 
recently been convicted of illegally selling aircraft parts to 
Iran, even though State had--in theory--debarred the company 
from all future export licenses. These lapses are both 
unnecessary and damaging to U.S. national interests, as they 
permit the exportation of sensitive and dual-use technologies 
to countries with objectives antithetical to our own. Section 
616 requires the Secretary of State to issue a report to 
Congress every 180 days until 1998 discussing measures taken to 
prevent future damaging lapses in the screening process, and to 
coordinate the entire process with other Departments or 
Agencies that also monitor U.S. exports. It is to be hoped that 
the Secretary of State will follow at minimum the 
recommendations contained in GAO/NSIAD-94-178, and will 
consider additional means for ensuring that U.S. license 
screening and compliance procedures are strengthened.

Section 617--Prohibition on the transfer of arms to Indonesia

    This provision prohibits the United States from selling or 
licensing for export to the Government of Indonesia light arms, 
small weapons, and crowd control ordnances, including 
helicopter-mounted equipment, until the Secretary of State can 
report that there has been significant progress made on human 
rights. The provision specifies six areas on which the 
Committee would like to see progress.
    The operative language of this amendment is similar to 
language passed unanimously in P.L. 103-306 (section 582), the 
Foreign Operations Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1995. 
There are additional conditions, however, to reflect the 
deteriorating situation in East Timor in the past year.
    Specifically, the Committee is concerned about increasing 
violence in East Timor. On January 12, 1995, the Indonesian 
military tortured and killed six civilians in Liquicia in an 
incident that even the government-appointed National Commission 
on Human Rights acknowledged was a process of ``intimidation 
and torture by security officers'' and resulted in ``unlawful 
shootings'' by the military. At the same time, a Commissioner 
concluded after an investigation that the killings of 100 
protestors in Dili in 1991 ``were not a spontaneous reaction to 
a riotous mob, but rather a planned military operation designed 
to deal with a public expression of political dissent.''
    The Committee is also concerned about the outbreaks of gang 
violence--otherwise known as military-related death squad-type 
``ninja'' gangs--which are masked, vigilante bands used to 
terrorize, abduct, and assault civilians. These groups have not 
been reigned in by the same military that so effectively 
suppresses dissent by local East Timorese. That is why this 
provision calls for an investigation of violent civilian groups 
operating in East Timor.
    The Committee condemns the conduct of the Indonesian 
military in East Timor as inconsistent with international 
standards of human rights. This provision will ensure that the 
U.S. will not provide weapons of oppression to the Indonesian 
military.
 Division B--Consolidation and Reinvention of Foreign Affairs Agencies

Section 1001--Short title

    Section 1001 states that this division may be cited as the 
``Foreign Affairs Reinvention Act of 1995''.

Section 1002--Purposes

    Section 1002 states that the purposes of this division are 
as follows: to consolidate and reinvent the foreign affairs 
agencies of the United States within the Department of State to 
maximize efficient use of resources, eliminate redundancy in 
functions, effect budget savings and improve the management of 
the State Department; to strengthen the coordination of United 
States foreign policy and the leading role of the Secretary of 
State in the formulation and articulation of United States 
foreign policy and the authority of United States ambassadors 
over all United States Government personnel and resources 
located in United States diplomatic missions, in order to 
enhance the Ambassadors' ability to deploy those resources to 
the best effect that will attain the President's foreign policy 
objectives.
    This section also proposes to abolish, not later than 
October 1, 1997, the United States Arms Control and Disarmament 
Agency, the United States Information Agency, the International 
Development Cooperation Agency, and the Agency for 
International Development and to encourage United States 
foreign affairs agencies to maintain a high percentage of the 
best qualified, most competent American citizens serving in the 
United States government while downsizing significantly the 
total number of people employed by those agencies.

 Title XI--Organization of the Department of State and Foreign Service

Section 1101--Office of the Secretary of State

    Section 1101(a) amends Section 1 of the State Department 
Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) by inserting a 
clarification that the Secretary of State shall serve as the 
principle foreign policy adviser to the President and will, 
under the direction of the President, be responsible for the 
overall direction, coordination, and supervision of United 
States foreign relations and for the interdepartmental 
activities of the United States government abroad.
    Section 1101(b) amends Section 1(b) of the State Department 
Basic Authorities Act stating that there shall be within the 
Department of State a Deputy Secretary of State, who shall be 
appointed by the President, by and with the advise and consent 
of the Senate. The Deputy Secretary of State will be primarily 
responsible for assuring adequate foreign policy coordination 
with respect to the international activities of other agencies 
and development entities. He shall act for, and exercise the 
powers of, the Secretary during his absence or disability or 
during a vacancy in the office of the Secretary. The Committee 
recognizes that this position currently exists in the 
Department of State.
    Section 1101(c) creates the America Desk, which consists of 
staff established and maintained by the Secretary within the 
office of the Secretary to oversee and coordinate foreign 
policy formulation and implementation to ensure that adequate 
consideration is afforded to United States commercial and 
business interests. The America Desk will serve as an ombudsman 
and as a liaison to U.S. commercial and economic interests in 
order to provide policymakers with information which will 
consequently serve U.S. citizens' needs. In addition, the Desk 
will help coordinate the Department's resources in responding 
to foreign emergencies or crises affecting United States 
citizens. The America Desk is a new position at the Department 
of State. The Committee feels strongly that while one of the 
Department primary responsibilities is to understand and 
interact with foreign governments and peoples, this 
responsibility should not be carried out to the detriment of 
the needs of American citizens. The Committee has established 
this position in the hope that the American taxpayers will be 
able to turn to an office within the Department this is charged 
with the specific responsibility to care for their needs on a 
priority basis.
    Section 1101(d) amends Section 1(d) of the State Department 
Basic Authorities Act of 1956 establish a Resources, Policy, 
and Planning Staff within the office of the Secretary to 
provide the Secretary, the Deputy Secretary of State, and the 
Under Secretaries of State with precise information on an 
recommendations concerning the resource implications of foreign 
policy proposals. The Committee established this staff within 
the Secretary's office to ensure that the Secretary has access 
to an independent analysis of the costs associated with various 
policy options. It will also ensure that resource implications 
are given priority consideration during the formulation of any 
new foreign policy.
Section 1102--Under Secretaries

    Section 1102 establishes the following five Under 
Secretaries who shall be appointed by the President, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate: the Under Secretary 
of State for Policy, the Under Secretary of State for Export, 
Trade, Economics, and Business, the Under Secretary of State 
for International Security, the Under Secretary of State for 
Public Diplomacy, and the Under Secretary of State for 
Management. These Under Secretaries of State are responsible to 
the Secretary of State and the Deputy Secretary of State for 
duties mentioned in this section and other tasks that may be 
assigned by the Secretary of State.
    The Under Secretary of State for Policy assists in 
developing, implementing, and conducting foreign policy and 
foreign assistance policy; determines the policy goals and 
functions of the United States diplomatic missions and ensures 
that overall mission staffing reflects policy priorities; and 
ensures policy coordination of all international programs 
carried out by the departments and agencies of the Federal 
Government in the areas within the responsibilities of the 
Under Secretary. This section also creates the Office of 
Enterprise Fund Coordination, within the office of this Under 
Secretary, to ensure that programs of enterprise funds support 
regional policy goals, are well managed and audited, and are 
sufficiently capitalized.
    The Under Secretary of State for Export, Trade, Economics, 
and Business assists in developing, implementing, and 
conducting foreign policy and foreign assistance policy with 
respect to export promotion, trade, economics, and business and 
with respect to science and environmental matters and the 
oceans; and oversees all related international programs that 
are carried out by the departments and agencies of the Federal 
Government other than the Department of State. The Under 
Secretary shall serve as the Department of State's 
representative to the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee.
    The Under Secretary of State for International Security 
assists in developing policy relating to matters of 
international security, including arms control and 
nonproliferation, international narcotics and crime control, 
refugee and migration affairs, emergency humanitarian issues, 
and related foreign assistance issues. The Committee envisions 
that many, if not all, of the functions and responsibilities 
currently carried out by the Arms Control and Disarmament 
Agency will be assumed by this Under Secretary.
    Two positions are established within the Office of the 
Under Secretary for International Security: the Coordinator for 
Economic Support Funds-Foreign Military Financing to assure 
that programs under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 and under section 23 of the Arms Export 
Control Act reflect United States foreign policy objectives; 
and the Coordinator for Counter-Terrorism to develop, 
coordinate, and implement policy of the Department of State to 
counter acts of international terrorism.
    The Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy assists 
in developing, implementing, and conducting United States 
policy on public diplomacy, including international exchange 
programs and international, U.S.-government sponsored, non-
military broadcasting; coordinates international exchange 
programs that are carried out by departments and agencies of 
the Federal Government other than the Department of State; 
disseminates information, including use and maintenance of 
electronic information capabilities such as USIA's Wireless 
File and USIA's libraries and overseas resource centers, in 
order to provide information to the public overseas on United 
States foreign policy and assistance policy and to provide the 
Secretary of State information on public reaction and foreign 
attitudes and media reaction to United States foreign policy 
through research and public opinion polling, among others. The 
Committee envisions that this Under Secretary will be 
responsible for many, if not all, of the functions and 
responsibilities currently carried out by the United States 
Information Agency.
    This section establishes the Press Office and Spokesperson, 
within the office of this Under Secretary, to carry out 
domestic liaison activities, including authority over the 
foreign press centers in the United States currently the 
responsibility of USIA. The Committee envisions that this 
office shall serve as the Department's primary representative 
of information to the American public and press. The 
distinction between the dissemination of information to 
domestic versus foreign audiences is noted in light of the 
prohibition on the domestic dissemination of information by the 
United States Information Agency pursuant to the Smith-Mundt 
Act (Section 208 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1996 and 1997, 22 U.S.C. 1462-1a).
    The Under Secretary of State for Management assists in 
developing, implementing, and conducting policy for the 
management of the Department of State, including the management 
of United States diplomatic missions and consular posts abroad; 
assures sufficient management support for the conduct of United 
States foreign policy and foreign assistance policy, including 
setting personnel staffing levels adequate to meet overall 
foreign policy objectives; and develops and implements policy 
on consular programs.
Section 1103--Assistant Secretaries of State

    Section 1103 amends the State Department Basic Authorities 
Act of 1956 by establishing not more than twenty Assistant 
Secretaries of State, who shall be appointed by the President, 
with the advice and consent of the Senate. These Assistant 
Secretaries of State are subject to the supervision and policy 
guidance of the Under Secretary of State to whom they are 
designated and their responsibilities may extend beyond the 
duties mentioned in this section. This section also identifies 
other officials within the Department of State, their 
responsibilities, and to whom they report. The Department of 
State currently has twenty Assistant Secretaries. Though this 
section suggests all twenty positions, it mandates only two: 
the Assistant Secretary for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation 
Affairs and the Assistant Secretary for International 
Exchanges.
    There should be eight Assistant Secretaries who should be 
under the supervision and policy guidance of the Under 
Secretary of State for Policy:
    Regional Assistant Secretaries for Inter-American Affairs; 
Western and Central European Affairs; Asian and Pacific 
Affairs; African Affairs; Near Eastern Affairs; and Eastern 
Europe and Central Asian Affairs assist in developing and 
implementing United States foreign policy and assistance policy 
in the respective region. Each of these Assistant Secretaries 
should have a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Trade and 
Development Assistance.
    An Assistant Secretary for Eastern Europe and Central Asia 
Affairs should exercise the duties above with respect to: 
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Russia, 
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
    The Committee provision supports the administration's 
request for a separation of the current European bureau. The 
Committee bill places Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus into the 
Western and Central European Affairs Bureau in order to affirm 
their inclusion as partners in European security and economic 
institutions. Through this provision the Committee reconfirms 
its support for the continued independence of each of the 
countries named. In no way does this provision imply that 
countries placed in the Bureau for Eastern Europe and Central 
Asia Affairs for geographical reasons are, in any way 
considered within a Russian sphere of influence.
    An Assistant Secretary for International Organizations 
should have the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and 
Plenipotentiary; serve as the Permanent Representative of the 
United States to the United Nations; be authorized to serve ex 
officio as representative of the United States in any organ, 
commission, or other body of any international organization 
other than a specialized agency of the United Nations; develop, 
coordinate, and implement United States policy in the United 
Nations, specialized agencies, and other international 
organizations, including United States policy on issues 
relating to United Nations peacekeeping activities; ensure that 
the United States participate in international organizations in 
a consistent fashion; and manage United States participation in 
multilateral conferences, including accrediting and instructing 
United States delegations to such conferences and providing 
representational and logistical support to such delegations.
    Currently, there is an Assistant Secretary for 
International Organizations who is separate and distinct from 
the U.S. Permanent Representative to the U.N. Based on the fact 
that the U.S. Permanent Representative to the U.N. has taken on 
increasingly larger responsibilities over the last few years as 
U.S. policy has drifted toward an increased reliance on 
multilateral institutions, the Committee feels that the 
Representative should be tied directly into the chain of 
responsibility and decision-making within the Department. Most 
importantly, consolidating the two positions will ensure that 
the budgetary impact of policy decisions on U.S. involvement at 
the United Nations, in U.N. peacekeeping activities and in 
other international organizations will be assessed with the 
understanding that the overall budget for the Department and 
U.S. unilateral international initiatives will be affected 
directly.
    An Assistant Secretary for Democracy and Human Rights 
should develop, coordinate, and implement United States policy 
and programs to promote freedom, democracy, respect for human 
rights, and similar matters around the world; support and 
provide advice to the regional Assistant Secretaries of State 
to promote these matters; maintain liaisons with 
nongovernmental organizations that are active in the promotion 
of these matters; prepare the annual report of the Department 
of State on human rights practices; and advise the Immigration 
and Naturalization Service on applications by foreign nationals 
for political asylum in the United States.
    The following two Assistant Secretaries should be subject 
to supervision and policy guidance of the Under Secretary of 
State for Export, Trade, Economics, and Business:
    An Assistant Secretary for Economics and Business Affairs 
should develop, coordinate, and implement United States 
international economic policy, including resource and food 
policy, energy policy, trade policy, policy with respect to 
economic sanctions, and policy for the promotion of a stable 
and open international financial systems; ensures that U.S. 
economic and commercial interests are given appropriate weight 
in the development and implementation of United States foreign 
policy; negotiate agreements for the purposes of promoting 
United States business abroad, improving the economic 
competitiveness of United States business abroad, and 
facilitating United States business activities abroad; and 
advise other bureaus and elements of the Department of State on 
public diplomacy issues relating to these matters. Within this 
office there should be an Office of Telecommunications and 
Aviations to develop, coordinate, and implement policy on 
issues relating to international telecommunications, 
information utilization and exchange, and aviation and maritime 
matters; to consult with and coordinate the activities of the 
other departments and agencies of the Federal Government with 
respect to these matters; and to conduct negotiations with 
foreign governments and international organizations with 
respect to these matters.
    An Assistant Secretary for Oceans, Environmental and 
Science Affairs should develop, coordinate, and implement 
policy on the scientific and technological aspects of the 
relations of the United States with foreign governments and 
international organizations and on matters relating to the 
environment, the oceans, fishing, and space.
    The following four Assistant Secretaries should report to 
the Under Secretary of State for International Security:
    An Assistant Secretary for Arms Control and Non-
Proliferation Affairs shall develop and coordinate policy on 
non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (including 
nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and missile 
technology) and nuclear and conventional arms control; and 
prepare for and operate United States participation in 
international regimes that may result from United States arms 
control activities. This is one of the two Assistant Secretary 
positions mandated by the bill.
    This section provides that under the Assistant Secretary 
for Arms Control and Non-proliferation Affairs, there will be 
four Deputy Assistant Secretaries whose responsibilities, 
respectively, include: 1) verification of compliance with arms 
control agreements (including memoranda of understanding); 2) 
conventional arms control; 3) nuclear proliferation; 4) control 
of weapons of mass destruction. One of these positions will 
function as principal Deputy to the Assistant Secretary.
    An Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law 
Enforcement Affairs should develop, coordinate, and implement 
international narcotics assistance activities delegated to the 
Secretary of State under chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.); and serve as 
principal point of contact and provides advice on international 
narcotics control matters for the Office of Management and 
Budget, the National Security Council, and the Executive Office 
of the President to ensure implementation of United States 
policy in narcotics matters.
    This person should carry out the international law 
enforcement activities of the Department of State under the 
International Narcotics Control Correction Act of 1994, 
including the bilateral and multilateral promotion of law 
enforcement and policy initiatives which are of high priority 
to the national interest of the United States; the promotion of 
improved coordination among United States policy and law 
enforcement agencies for their activities outside the United 
States; and develop law enforcement training programs to 
strengthen stable democracies throughout the world.
    An Assistant Secretary for Political-Military Affairs 
should serve as the Department's primary liaison with the 
Department of Defense; seek to further United States national 
security objectives by stabilizing regional military balances 
through negotiations and security assistance, maintaining 
global access for United States military forces, inhibiting 
adversaries access to militarily significant sensitive or dual-
use technologies, and promoting responsible United States 
defense trade; and coordinate with the Department of Defense on 
issues involving United States participation in United Nations 
peacekeeping activities.
    An Assistant Secretary for Humanitarian Assistance, 
Refugees, and Migration Affairs should recommend and implement 
policy on humanitarian assistance and refugee and migration 
affairs; operate overseas United States refugee programs in 
cooperation with other governments, private and international 
organizations, and other United States government agencies; 
carry out programs relating to the relief and repatriation of 
refugees, and the selection and processing of refugees to be 
admitted to the United States; implement overseas United States 
programs for disaster readiness, relief, and rehabilitation, 
integrating activities previously carried out by the Office of 
Foreign Disaster Assistance of the Agency for International 
Development; and function as the primary coordination point for 
United States humanitarian emergency response efforts.
    The following Assistant Secretary of State and officials of 
the Department of State should report to the Under Secretary of 
State for Public Diplomacy:
    The Assistant Secretary for International Exchange shall 
administer programs carried out under the Mutual Educational 
and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-256) and 
ensure that such programs support United States interests 
abroad and reflect the values of United States citizens; 
develop and implement policy for, and provides professional 
guidance, materials, and other program support to, the 
libraries and binational centers of the Department of State 
abroad; administer overseas fine arts programs and performing 
arts programs, including arranging tours abroad for United 
States performing arts groups and fine arts exhibitions; and 
develop and implement other programs that support United States 
interests abroad, including programs for the identification and 
recruitment of individuals to speak of such interests abroad 
and for establishing links between the United States and 
foreign cultural institutions. This position is the second of 
two Assistant Secretary positions mandated by the bill. The 
Committee chose to mandate this position to ensure that some 
entity within the new Department of State would be charged with 
many of the functions and responsibilities carried out by USIA 
currently.
    This section also creates the Office of Program 
Coordination, within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for 
International Exchange. The Secretary of State, acting through 
the Office, tracks the identification and coordination of all 
United States Government sponsored non-military international 
exchange programs. The Office shall identify for elimination 
all such programs which may be redundant or duplicative and 
shall, through the Secretary of State, make recommendations to 
the President on which programs are eligible for elimination. 
The U.S. government spent over $1.67 billion in 1994 on 
international exchange programs administered by 24 federal 
agencies. USIA has identified over $400 million in duplication. 
The Committee expects the Secretary of State, in his capacity 
as a cabinet-level advisor to the President, to encourage a 
$400 million reduction in the total level of U.S. government-
funded exchange programs by the end of FY 1997.
    Section 1103 also states that the Chairman of the 
Broadcasting Board of Governors and the Director of the 
International Broadcasting Office shall have the 
responsibilities described in title III of the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995. These 
responsibilities allow the Board, rather than bureaus of the 
Department, to give policy guidance to U.S. international 
broadcasting. The Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy will be 
a member of the Board and will ensure that U.S. foreign policy 
is clearly articulated to the broadcasters.
    The following three Assistant Secretaries and officials of 
the Department of State should report to the Under Secretary of 
State for Management:
    An Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs should develop, 
coordinate, an implement policy relating to the protection and 
welfare of United States citizens and interests abroad, the 
issuance of passports and visas, and the provision of other 
consular services.
    An Assistant Secretary for Administration should develop, 
coordinate, and implement policy, programs, and activities for 
the provision of administrative support for the Department of 
State, including support for building operations of the 
Department in the United States and overseas, support for 
information management, support for telecommunications, support 
for the Diplomatic Contingency Program of the Department, 
support for the travel abroad by the President and Vice 
President, and support for schools for dependents of Department 
personnel abroad; manage acquisition activities of the 
Department in the United States; oversee acquisition activities 
of the Department abroad; ensure the provision of supply and 
transportation services to the Department; and ensure and 
provision of language services for the Secretary of State, the 
Executive Office of the President, and other officials of the 
Federal Government.
    An Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security should 
develop, coordinate, and implement policy for the protection of 
personnel who conduct United States diplomacy and promote 
United States interests abroad; and assigns security personnel 
to posts abroad for this purpose. This person should carry out 
the duties set forth in the Omnibus Diplomatic Security Act of 
1986 (22 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); and administer through the 
Office of Foreign Missions, the authorities relating to the 
regulation of foreign missions under title II of this Act.
    The following Assistant Secretaries and officials report to 
the Secretary of State:
    An Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and 
Strategic Plans should provide the Secretary, the Deputy 
Secretary, and Department principals with intelligence 
information, briefings, analysis, and coordination necessary to 
carry out the President's foreign policy; serve as the primary 
adviser to the Secretary of State and intelligence briefer for 
senior Department policymakers; undertake strategic (medium- 
and long-term) policy studies and analyses, and keeps 
policymakers aware of strategic trends in areas of current or 
potential policy interest; and provides the intelligence 
community guidance as necessary to help ensure products are 
focused adequately to support policymakers.
    An Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs 
should supervise and coordinate all foreign affairs-related 
legislative activities within the Department of State and among 
the Department, Congress, and other agencies; supervise and 
coordinate all personnel of the Department who are designated 
or assigned legislative responsibilities and who shall report 
to the Assistant Secretary of State; ensure that congressional 
perspective are considered in the foreign policymaking process, 
that the administration's views are accurately presented to 
Congress, and that a coordinated legislative strategy is 
implemented by executive branch agencies; and should be 
responsible for rating and reviewing all employees of any 
bureau whose duties comprise primarily legislative matters.
    This section also provides that incumbents of above or 
similar positions may at the Secretary's discretion, assume the 
duties of the new office without having to be reappointed. The 
applies only to such individuals who were previously appointed 
by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and whose duties 
are substantially similar to duties of a new office created or 
proposed here.
Section 1104--Other State Department positions

    Section 1104 proposes several Assistant Secretary-
equivalent positions in the State Department, as follows.
    General Counsel: this position, confirmable by the Senate 
and paid at the Executive Level IV rate should assume the 
functions previously ascribed to the Legal Adviser. The General 
Counsel should be the Secretary and President's main adviser on 
all issues of international law that arise in the conduct of 
U.S. foreign relations, and should give legal advice and 
services to the Secretary of State and other Department 
officials on matters concerning the Department of State and 
overseas posts.
    Section 1104 also establishes a Chief Financial Officer, 
confirmable by the Senate and paid at Executive level IV, who 
should report to the Under Secretary for Management:
    That Chief Financial Officer (CFO) will serve as the 
Department's budget officer, managing its financial affairs and 
ensuring adequate systems to produce reliable and timely 
financial and related programmatic information. The CFO will be 
responsible for developing financial analysis and performance 
reports and for integrating budget execution and accounting 
functions.
    Other proposed positions:
    Director General of the Foreign Service (DG): The DG should 
be the Secretary's principal adviser for all matters relating 
to the Foreign Service, including recruitment, training, 
professional development, assignment, and utilization of 
Foreign Service personnel. The DG should also be charged with 
ensuring joint orientation training for all incoming members of 
the Foreign Service and for ensuring that personnel receive 
assignments that develop experience in a variety of 
disciplines, including export and trade promotion and public 
diplomacy.
    Under this legislation the Director General should be shorn 
of responsibility for the day-to-day management of the State 
Department's personnel system. He or she will instead focus 
exclusively on matters specific to the Foreign Service. This is 
to ensure that the institution adapts successfully to the 
enhanced role of the restructured State Department, and 
maintains the highest possible standards of professionalism and 
discipline in the service of the national interest.
    Director of Personnel: The Director of Personnel should 
manage the State Department's day-to-day personnel operations, 
implementing policies and programs for Civil Service, Foreign 
Service (in consultation with the DG in the case of the latter) 
and Foreign Service National personnel. The Director of 
Personnel should also be responsible for overseeing the 
activities of the National Center for Humanities, Education, 
Language and Management Studies, in order to assure the 
Center's programs are responsive to the Department's needs.
    This section also provides that incumbents of above or 
similar positions may at the Secretary's discretion, assume the 
duties of the new office without having to be reappointed. This 
applies only to such individuals who were previously appointed 
by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and whose duties 
are substantially similar to duties of a new office created or 
proposed here.
Section 1105--Inspector General for Foreign Affairs

    Section 1105(a) amends the provision of the Foreign Service 
Act of 1980 that created an Inspector General for the State 
Department, and provides for an Inspector General for Foreign 
Affairs. The new Inspector General will serve a six-year term 
and may be reappointed by the President (with the advice and 
consent of the Senate) for one additional term. Career members 
of the Foreign Service are barred from appointment to this 
office.
    Section 1105(b) extends the authorities of the Department 
of State Inspector General to include oversight and auditing 
responsibility over the activities previously carried out by 
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States 
Information Agency and the Agency for International 
Development.
    Sections 1105(c), (d), and (e) are technical and conforming 
amendments made necessary by the abolition of the Arms Control 
and Disarmament Agency, the United States Information Agency 
and the Agency for International Development.
    Section 1105(f) assures that any IG holding office on the 
date of enactment of this Act may, at the discretion of the 
Secretary of State, assume the duties of the new office of 
Inspector General for Foreign Affairs and shall not be required 
to be reappointed.
    Section 1105(g) details the date of enactment of certain 
subsections of this section as they pertain to the date of 
abolition of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the 
United States Information Agency and the Agency for 
International Development, respectively.
    The Committee recognizes that the expertise developed in 
Inspector General offices at AID and USIA may provide crucial 
for establishing a successful office of the Inspector General 
for Foreign Affairs. The Committee expects that unique 
expertise of any individual will be given utmost consideration 
when composing the personnel make-up of the new office.

Section 1106--Rates of pay

    Section 1106(a) amends the provision of United States Code 
pertaining to rates of pay to specify that the five new Under 
Secretary positions created in this Act will be paid at the 
Executive Level III rate, just as Under Secretaries are now 
paid.
    Section 1106(b) likewise establishes the rates of pay for 
the twenty Assistant Secretary positions legislated or proposed 
by this Act, as well as for the equivalent-ranked positions of 
Director General of the Foreign Service, the Director of 
Personnel, the Chief Financial Officer, and the General 
Counsel.
    Section 1106(c) is a conforming amendment to United States 
Code striking titles of positions no longer authorized or in 
use.

Section 1107--Repeal of previously created State Department positions

    Repeals the statutory requirements for the following 
positions: Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International 
Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Assistant Secretary for 
South Asian Affairs and the Deputy Assistant Secretary for 
Burdensharing. It also includes technical and conforming 
amendments referring to the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, 
Human Rights and Labor.
    Except for the few positions established in this bill, the 
Committee repealed all other statutory requirements for 
positions within the Department of State.

Section 1108--Limitation on personnel strength of the Department of 
        State

    Requires a mandatory reduction in the number of State 
Department personnel for each of the fiscal years 1996, 1997 
and 1998. The Department of State is required to reduce its 
work force by nine percent by the end of fiscal year 1997, by 
three percent by fiscal year 1998 and by two percent by fiscal 
year 1999. It is expected that the requirements of this section 
will affect approximately 2,777 positions.
    Other sections in the bill mandate personnel reductions for 
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States 
Information Agency and the Agency for International 
Development. This section ensures that the Department of State 
will also endure the imposition of ceilings on the number of 
personnel at the Department from fiscal year 1996 to fiscal 
year 1999.
    The Committee encourages the Department to achieve these 
reductions through the voluntary retirement incentive program, 
attrition or early retirement options. If reductions in force 
are necessary, the Committee asks the Department to concentrate 
on those individuals whose performance has been demonstrated to 
be in the bottom percentage of Department employees. New 
management authorities in the bill are designed to give the 
Department maximum flexibility for achieving these ends.
Section 1109--Consolidation of United States Diplomatic Missions and 
        Consular Posts

    Section 1109(a) reflects the Committee's belief that there 
are instances where it is possible, and financially 
advantageous, to consolidate U.S. overseas posts on a regional 
basis, without harming U.S. interests. In such instances, a 
Chief of Mission may be simultaneously accredited to more than 
one government without adversely affecting U.S. national 
interests. The Committee notes that several major 
industrialized nations practice multiple accreditation in areas 
where it does not prejudice their interests to do so.
    This section would require the Secretary to develop a plan 
for such consolidations. Section 1109(b) requires that the plan 
identify posts at which resident U.S. Ambassadors would be 
accredited simultaneous to governments of other specific 
countries in the region in which the U.S. would have either a 
staff-level or no resident presence. The report would also 
estimate savings that would accrue from implementing such a 
plan. Specifically, savings from reducing personnel and 
building maintenance costs overseas, and from property 
divestiture shall be included in this report.
    Section 1109(c) requires that the Secretary send Congress 
the plan outlined above within 180 days of adoption of this 
Act.
    Section 1109(d) directs the Secretary to implement this 
plan within 60 days of its transmittal to Congress, unless 
Congress enacts disapproving legislation.
    Section 1109(e) details the procedures for congressional 
consideration of the Secretary of State's plan to consolidate 
U.S. diplomatic missions and consular posts abroad. It is a 
resolution of disapproval process, patterned after that set 
forth in the Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 1985. 
The resolution of disapproval shall be introduced in both 
houses of Congress and then referred to the House International 
Relations Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 
respectively. Each Committee has fifteen calendar days to 
consider the resolution. Upon the expiration of the fifteen 
days, it is in order at any time for any member of either house 
to move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The 
motion is privileged in the Senate and is therefore, not 
debatable. It is also not subject to amendment, to a motion to 
postpone, or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of 
other business. A motion to reconsider the vote shall not be in 
order. Debate on the resolution is limited to ten hours, 
divided equally between those opposing and those favoring. 
Immediately following debate, the vote on final passage of the 
resolution shall occur.
    Section 1109(f) withholds five percent of fiscal years 1996 
and 1997 ``Diplomatic and Consular Programs'' funds if the 
Secretary fails to transmit to Congress the consolidation plan 
pursuant to Section 1198(c) in a timely manner. These funds 
would be withheld until sixty days after submission of a plan 
to Congress (pursuant to 1109(a)).
    Section 1109(g) provides that if Congress disapproves the 
Administration's plan within sixty days of its transmittal to 
Congress, the President shall submit a revised plan.
    Section 1109(h) clarifies that Congress is not attempting 
by this section to require the Executive to terminate U.S. 
diplomatic or consular relations with any country.

Section 1110--Detail of other agency personnel to State Department

    The Committee is concerned about the dramatic increase in 
assignment to U.S. embassies of personnel from agencies other 
than the Department of State (nonforeign affairs agencies) and 
related implications for foreign policy coordination and 
logistical support burdens. Data provided by the GAO and the 
State Department Inspector General reveals that the State 
Department's share of overseas civilian staffing has shrunk to 
less than 38%, whereas that of nonforeign affairs agencies has 
climbed to nearly 50%.
    The Committee believes that new mechanisms must be 
established to coordinate the overseas activities of other 
agencies in a manner that effectively and efficiently supports 
U.S. foreign policy objectives, and to strengthen the ability 
of U.S. Ambassadors, as the personal representatives of the 
President of the United States, to allocate U.S. personnel and 
resources under his authority as necessary to meet critical 
policy objectives.
     Section 1110 will serve this purpose by requiring that all 
agencies' personnel assigned to a U.S. mission overseas be 
detailed to the Department of State for the length of their 
tour. All such employees are already nominally under the 
authority of the Chief of Mission. However, in reality many are 
responsive primarily or exclusively to their headquarters 
office in the United States, and are not well-integrated into a 
team that supports overall U.S. objectives in a given country. 
Section 1110 will substantially reinforce the Ambassadors' now 
sometimes incomplete authority over the disparate segments of 
their mission, without interfering in other agencies technical 
support and guidance of their personnel.
    Section 1110 specifies that the Chief of Protocol, at the 
Secretary's discretion, will accord diplomatic titles, with 
corresponding immunities and privileges, to such personnel as 
appropriate. The committee expects that the Secretary of State 
will accord diplomatic titles solely when there is a compelling 
need to do so, based on national interests, and not for the 
administrative convenience or personal satisfaction of such 
employees or their agencies.

Section 1111--Report on unification of United States and Foreign 
        Commercial Service and Foreign Agricultural Service within the 
        Foreign Service

    While neither the Department of Commerce nor the Department 
of Agriculture supports integration of its foreign service 
(Foreign and Commercial Service and Foreign Agricultural 
Service) into the U.S. Foreign Service, each has expressed a 
desire to continue using selected portions of the Foreign 
Service Act of 1980 for selected groups of employees. This is 
not consistent with the objectives of that Act, which 
established authorities to strengthen the Foreign Service and 
recognized the need for a professional Foreign Service ``. . . 
that will serve the foreign affairs interests of the United 
States in an integrated fashion and that can provide a resource 
of qualified personnel for the President, the Secretary of 
State, and the agencies concerned with foreign affairs.''
    In short, Congress never intended that a domestic agency 
might select a la carte from the Act's authorities for the 
benefit of a subset of its employees. Nor did Congress intend 
for the United States government to develop multiple, sometimes 
competing, foreign services.
    Section 1111 calls for a report to Congress from the 
Secretaries of State, Agriculture and Commerce assessing 1) the 
coordination and cooperation among their agencies' 
international activities; 2) the advisability and desirability 
of creating in the U.S. Foreign Service a core discipline 
relating to commerce, trade and export promotion; and 3) 
options for establishing such a discipline, if it is desirable. 
If a core commercial discipline is found to be undesirable, the 
Secretaries are to assess the advisability and desirability of 
the continuing application of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 
to portions of the employees of the Departments of Commerce and 
Agriculture. The report is to be submitted within 120 days of 
enactment of this Act.
      Title XII--United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Section 1201--Abolition of ACDA; references in part

    Section 1201 abolishes the ACDA and repeals Section 21 of 
the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2561).
    This section also states that, except as otherwise 
provided, the references in this title to provisions of law 
shall be considered references to the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Act.

Section 1202--Repeal of positions and offices

    Section 1202 repeals Sections 22, 23, 24, and 25, of the 
Arms Control and Disarmament Act, which establish the Director; 
Deputy Director; Assistant Directors; and bureaus, offices, and 
divisions of the agency, respectively.

Section 1203--Authorities of the Secretary of State

    Section 1203 makes technical and conforming amendments to 
section 1203 of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 
2551 et seq.), transferring all authorities given to the ACDA 
and Director of the ACDA to the Department of State and the 
Secretary of State, respectively.
    This section also amends section 61 of the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Act by charging the Department of State with the 
formulation of and the Department of Defense with the 
implementation of United States arms control and disarmament 
policy in a manner which will promote the national security.

Section 1204--Authorization of appropriations

    Section 1204 amends Section 106 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-
236) by changing the section heading to ``Sec. 106. Department 
of State Arms Control and Disarmament Activities''; and by 
authorizing appropriations to the Secretary of State.

Section 1205--Conforming amendments

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Arms 
Export Control Act, Export Administration Act of 1979, the 
United States Institute of Peace Act, the Atomic Energy Act of 
1954, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978.

Section 1206--References in law

    Section 1206 states that any reference in any statute, 
reorganization plan, executive order, regulation, agreement, 
determination, or other official document or proceeding to the 
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency or the 
Director or other official of ACDA shall be deemed to refer 
respectively to the Department of State or the Secretary of 
State or other official of the Department of State.

Section 1207--Effective date

    Section 1207 states that Title XII, and the amendments made 
by this title, shall take effect on or before October 1, 1996 
or the date on which the reorganization plan for the United 
States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency is fully implemented 
pursuant to section 1804.
              Title XIII--United States Information Agency

Section 1301--Abolition

    Abolishes the United States Information Agency upon the 
effective date of this title.

Section 1302--References in law

    Any reference in any statute or other official document or 
proceeding to the Director of the United States Information 
Agency or the Director of the International Communication 
Agency shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary of State, and 
any reference to USIA or the International Communication Agency 
shall be deemed to refer to the Department of State.

Section 1303--Amendments to title 5

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to title 5 of the 
United States Code.

Section 1304--Amendments to United States Information and Education 
        Exchange Act of 1948

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the United 
States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948.

Section 1305--Amendments to the Mutual Educational and Cultural 
        Exchange Act of 1961 (Fulbright-Hays Act)

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Mutual 
Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961.

Section 1306--International broadcasting activities

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995, and to 
title 5 of the United States Code.

Section 1307--Television broadcasting to Cuba

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Television 
Broadcasting to Cuba Act.

Section 1308--Radio broadcasting to Cuba

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Radio 
Broadcasting to Cuba Act.

Section 1309--National Endowment for Democracy

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to Public Law 98-
164.

Section 1310--United States scholarship program for developing 
        countries

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987.

Section 1311--National Security Education Board

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the 
Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1992.
Section 1312--Center for cultural and technical interchange between 
        North and South

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993.

Section 1313--Center for cultural and technical interchange between 
        East and West

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Mutual 
Security Act of 1960.

Section 1314--Mission of the Department of State

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979.

Section 1315--Consolidation of administrative services

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the State 
Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956.

Section 1316--Grants

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993.

Section 1317--Ban on domestic activities

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987.

Section 1318--Conforming repeal to the Arms Control and Disarmament Act

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Arms 
Control and Disarmament Act.

Section 1319--Repeal relating to procurement of legal services

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the State 
Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956.

Section 1320--Repeal relating to payment of subsistence expenses

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the State 
Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956.

Section 1321--Conforming amendment to the SEED Act

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Support 
for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989.
Section 1322--International Cultural and Trade Center Commission

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Federal 
Triangle Development Act.

Section 1323--Other laws referenced in Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 
        1977

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the following 
acts: Immigration and Nationality Act; Arts and Artifacts 
Indemnity Act; National Foundation on the Arts and the 
Humanities Act of 1965; Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of 1968; 
and Title V of the Departments of State, Justice and Commerce, 
the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1978.
    This section also repeals the Act of July 9, 1949.

Section 1324--Exchange program with countries in transition from 
        totalitarianism to democracy

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the National 
and Community Service Act of 1990.

Section 1325--Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship Program

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993.

Section 1326--Implementation of convention on cultural property

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Convention 
on Cultural Property Implementation Act.

Section 1327--Repeal

    Repeals section 252(a) of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995.

Section 1328--United States Advisory Committee for Public Diplomacy

    Makes technical and conforming amendments to the United 
States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948.

Section 1329--Effective date

    This title and amendments will take effect the earlier of 
March 1, 1997 or when the reorganization plan for USIA is 
implemented.

 Title XIV--Agency for International Development and the International 
                     Development Cooperation Agency

Section 1401--Abolitions; references in part

    Section 1401 abolishes the Agency for International 
Development (AID) and the International Development Cooperation 
Agency (IDCA).
    This section also states that, except as otherwise 
provided, the references in this title to provisions of law 
shall be considered made to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
Section 1402--References in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

    Section 1402 states that references in the Foreign 
Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961 to the ``administrator of the 
agency primarily responsible for administering this part'' and 
the ``administrator'' shall be deemed as references to the 
Secretary of State. This section also states that the agency 
primarily responsible for administering part I of the FAA shall 
be the Department of State.

Section 1403--Exercise of functions by the Secretary of State

    Section 1403 amends section 621 of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 by providing the Secretary of State authority to 
exercise certain functions.

Section 1404--Repeal of positions; employment and contracting 
        authorities

    Section 1404 repeals subsections (a), (b), (c) and (e) of 
section 624 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 related to 
statutory officers. This section also repeals subsections (a) 
and (b) of section 626 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
relating to consultants.

Section 1405--Development Loan Committee

    Section 1405 establishes the Secretary of State as the 
Chairman of the interagency Development Loan Committee. This 
section amends section 122(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961.

Section 1406--Development Coordination Committee

    Section 1406 amends section 634(a) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 to require that certain reporting 
requirements to Congress be carried out by the Secretary of 
State.
    This section also amends section 640B(a) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 by naming the Secretary of State as a 
member of the Development Coordination Committee.

Section 1407--Public Law 83-480 Program

    Section 1407 makes conforming amendments to the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 
U.S.C. 1691 et seq.), by striking references to the 
Administrator of A.I.D. and replacing them with the Secretary 
of State.

Section 1408--Conforming amendments to title 5, United States Code

    Section 1408 makes technical and conforming amendments to 
section 5313 of title 5, U.S.C. relating to officers of the 
Agency for International Development.

Section 1409--Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee

    Section 1409 makes technical and conforming amendments to 
section 2312 of the Export Enhancement Act of 1988.

Section 1410--Chief financial officer

    Section 1410 makes technical and conforming changes to 
section 901(b)(2) of title 31, U.S.C. striking references to 
the Agency for International Development.
Section 1411--References in law

    Section 1411 states that any reference in any statute, 
reorganization plan, Executive order, regulation, agreement, 
determination, or other official document or proceeding to the 
Agency for International Development, the International 
Development Cooperation Agency, the Administrator or other 
official of the Agency for International Development shall be 
deemed to refer respectively to the Department of State or the 
Secretary of State or some other official of the Department of 
State.

Section 1412--Effective date

    Section 1412 states that Title XIV, and the amendments made 
by it, shall take effect either on March 1, 1997 or on the date 
on which the reorganization plan for A.I.D. and IDCA is fully 
implemented pursuant to section 1705, whichever is earlier.

        Title XV--Proposed Reorganization of the United Nations

Section 1501--Sense of Congress regarding United Nations reorganization

    Section 1510 expresses the sense of the Congress that the 
President, acting through the United States Permanent 
Representative to the United Nations, should propose to the 
United Nations the consolidation of the United Nation's 
technical cooperation activities. The objective of such a 
consolidation (between the United Nations Headquarters and the 
offices of the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland) would be 
to create a unified agency for technical cooperation for 
sustainable development with a microenterprise lending 
capacity. This would entail the merger of the functions of the 
United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations 
Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Environmental 
Program (UNEP), the United Nations Industrial Development 
Organization (UNIDO), the International Fund for Agricultural 
Development (IFAD), the United Nations Capital Development Fund 
(UNCDF), and the United Nations Development Fund for Women 
(UNIFEM).
    The President should also propose the consolidation of the 
United Nation's emergency response mechanism by merging the 
emergency functions of the United Nations Children's Fund 
(UNICEF), the World Food Program (WFP), and the Office of the 
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
    The Committee notes with concern the redundancy of focus 
and lack of coordination among a number of UN agencies involved 
in development and emergency response activities. This 
situation both carries a high resource opportunity cost and 
erodes political support for programs within key donor states.
    The approach the Committee is recommending is entirely 
consistent with efforts to streamline and rationalize 
activities within the U.S. foreign affairs institutions. These 
efforts, in both cases, will engender serious opposition from 
those more concerned about bureaucratic turf than about 
programmatic objectives or sustainability. Nevertheless, 
serious steps are required now to improve the efficiency and 
effectiveness of resources spent for these programs.

Section 1502--Reorganization plan

    Section 1502 requires the President to submit to Congress, 
together with the President's annual budget submitted pursuant 
to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for fiscal 
year 1997, a plan recommending a strategic reorganization of 
the United Nations.
 Title XVI--Plan for Reorganization of United States Export Promotion 
                          and Trade Activities

Section 1601--Report

    Sets forth congressional findings that the over 18 
different government-sponsored organizations or agencies that 
spend more than $3.4 billion to support American exporters and 
international businesses have failed to coordinate such trade 
promotion activities, resulting in a lack of accessibility and 
effectiveness. The Trade Promotion Coordinating Council has 
endeavored to improve the coordination between some of these 
organizations, thereby advancing such trade promotion 
activities. However, the Committee finds that the maze of trade 
promotion organizations remains confusing for average American 
business owners.
    No later than March 1, the President is required to submit 
a report to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the 
House International Relations Committee and other appropriate 
committees detailing the steps that are being taken to improve 
the accessibility and coordination among all trade promotion 
organizations and agencies, measures being taken to eliminate 
duplication, and recommendations made for legislative action to 
further improve the Government's export and trade promotion 
activities. This report must contain the contents specified in 
subsection (c).

                   Title XVII--Transition Provisions

Section 1701--Transfer of functions

    On March 1, 1997, the Secretary of State will be 
responsible for all the functions, except as otherwise provided 
in this Act, that are the province of the head of each of the 
following agencies, the agencies themselves, or officers, 
employees, or components thereof: the United States Arms 
Control and Disarmament Agency; the United States Information 
Agency; and the Agency for International Development.
    On February 28, 1997, the Broadcasting Board of Governors 
of the Department of State will be responsible for all the 
functions established in the Broadcasting Board of Governors of 
the United States Information Agency, as set forth in the 
Foreign Relations Authorization Act for fiscal years 1994 and 
1995 (P.L. 103-236).
    All functions and related functions of the Office of Chief 
Financial Officer of the AID are transferred to the Office of 
Chief Financial Officer of the Department of State before the 
effective date of this title.
    All functions and related functions of the Office of 
Inspector General of USIA and AID are transferred to the Office 
of the Inspector General of the Department of State before the 
effective date of this title.
    After consolidation is complete in 1997, enormous baseline 
reductions in budget authority will be realized. The Committee 
expects the largest budget savings to be incurred beginning in 
the third and fourth year after enactment. Major costs in the 
first few years will include such costs as collocating 
personnel, upgrading telecommunications and information 
systems, and reduction in personnel from the collapse and 
integration of the foreign affairs agencies.

NET BUDGET SAVINGS FOR THE FOUR-YEAR STATE DEPARTMENT AUTHORIZATION BILL
                        [In millions of dollars]                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Fiscal year--                         
  CBO estimates   --------------------------------------------  Total--4
                      1996       1997       1998       1999      years  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spending at the                                                         
 1995 funding                                                           
 level budget                                                           
 authority.......     $6,980     $6,989     $6,998     $7,008    $27,975
Authorization                                                           
 budget authority      6,586      6,230      5,822      5,678     24,316
                  ------------------------------------------------------
      Net budget                                                        
       savings                                                          
       budget                                                           
       authority.        394        759      1,177      1,330      3,660
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Congressional Budget Office estimated costs to the federal 
government are listed below:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   1995       1996       1997       1998       1999       2000  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct spending:                                                                                                
    Estimated budget authority................          0        \1\        \1\        \1\        \1\        \1\
    Estimated outlays.........................          0          6          9          3        \1\        \1\
Spending subject to appropriations action:                                                                      
  Spending under current law:                                                                                   
      Budget authority/authorizations \2\ \3\.     $6,979       $249       $259       $268       $277       $284
      Estimated outlays.......................      7,315      1,759        759        493        297        284
  Proposed changes:                                                                                             
      Estimated authorization level \4\.......  .........      6,337      5,971      5,554      5,400  .........
      Estimated direct loan obligations.......  .........          1          1          1          1  .........
      Estimated outlays.......................  .........      5,080      5,630      5,497      5,360      1,007
  Spending under the bill:                                                                                      
      Estimated authorization level \3\ \4\...      6,979      6,586      6,230      5,822      5,678        284
      Estimated direct loan obligations.......  .........          1          1          1          1  .........
      Estimated outlays \4\...................      7,315      6,839      6,390      5,990      5,657     1,290 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Less than $500,000.                                                                                         
\2\ Amounts for fiscal years 1996 through 2000 are permanent authorizations subject to appropriations action.   
\3\ The 1995 figure is the amount already appropriated.                                                         
\4\ Does not include increased obligational authority or outlays associated with the change in the scoring of   
  lease-purchases required by section 121.                                                                      

Section 1702--Determination of transferred functions and employees

    Directs the Secretary of State, in cooperation with the 
head of the transferor agency, to identify the functions and/or 
employees of the agency that will be transferred to the 
Department of State pursuant to section 1701. The Director of 
the Office of Management and Budget will resolve any disputes 
between the Secretary and the head of the agency on such 
identification.
    The Secretary of State will determine the functions of AID 
and the number of employees necessary to perform or support 
such functions to be transferred to the Department of State 
pursuant to section 1701.
    The Committee rests with the Secretary of State the 
responsibility to determine overall personnel levels for 
functions and responsibilities that will continue to be or will 
be carried out by the Department after March 1, 1997. The 
Committee encourages the retention of personnel determined to 
be most competent for particular positions and does not intend, 
all other things being equal, that personnel of the pre-
consolidation Department of State should enjoy an advantage in 
subsequent retention or assignment vis-a-vis transferred 
employees from the merged agencies.

Section 1703--Reorganization plan for the United States Arms Control 
        and Disarmament Agency

    No later than March 1, 1996, the President, after 
consulting with the Secretary of State, shall transmit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a reorganization plan: to 
abolish ACDA in accordance with this title; to transfer to the 
Department of State the functions and personnel of ACDA as the 
President determines necessary to carry out the primary 
functions of the Agency; and to consolidate, reorganize, and 
streamline the Department upon the transfer of functions under 
this title in order to carry out such functions.
    The President's plan must identify the functions of the 
Agency that will be transferred to the Department under the 
plan and those that will be abolished under the plan; the 
personnel and positions of the Agency (including civil service 
personnel, Foreign Service personnel, and detailees) that will 
be transferred to the Department, separated from service with 
the Agency, or be eliminated under the plan; and the personnel 
and positions of the Agency (including civil service personnel, 
Foreign Service personnel, and detailees) that will be 
transferred within the Department, or eliminated under the plan 
and set forth a time schedule for such transfers, separation, 
and terminations.
    This plan shall also specify the consolidation and 
reorganization of functions of the Department that will be 
required under the plan in order to allow the Department to 
carry out the functions transferred to the Department under the 
plan; the funds available to the Agency that will be 
transferred to the Department under this title as a result of 
the abolition of the Agency; the proposed allocations of 
unexpended funds of the Agency within the Department; and the 
proposed disposition of the property, facilities, contracts, 
records, and other assets and liabilities of the Agency 
resulting from the abolition of the Agency and the transfer of 
the functions of the Agency to the Department.
    This plan will go into effect on the date Congress enacts a 
joint resolution in accordance with the procedures for 
congressional consideration of reorganization plans set forth 
in section 1708.
    The Director of the Agency must take such actions necessary 
under the reduction in force policies set forth in the Foreign 
Service Act of 1980 or under regulations prescribed under title 
5 of the United States Code, in the case of Federal employees 
who are not members of the Foreign Service, to reduce by eight 
percent the number of employees employed by the Agency on the 
date of the enactment of this Act. The Director shall achieve 
the reduction not later than February 28, 1997. This section 
clarifies that employees transferred to the Department of State 
or any other federal agency will not count as a ``reduction'' 
for the purposes of calculating the eight percent reduction.
    If the Secretary of State and the Director of the Agency 
fail to implement completely the reorganization plan of the 
Agency under this section in accordance with the schedule in 
the plan, the amount of funds that the Secretary and Director 
may obligate for salaries and expenses of the Department of 
State and the Agency, respectively, in the fiscal year in which 
the implementation of the plan is otherwise scheduled to be 
achieved under this plan will be reduced by an amount equal to 
20 percent of the amount otherwise appropriated to the 
Department and the Agency, respectively, in that fiscal year 
for salaries and expenses.
    The Committee recognizes that personnel in the Bureau of 
Political-Military Affairs at the Department of State have 
broad expertise. At the same time, the Committee believes that 
ACDA personnel have unique expertise and experience. Therefore, 
the Committee expects that through the consolidation process 
pursuant to section 1703, the expertise of ACDA personnel will 
be recognized and afforded appropriate consideration in 
personnel decisions.
Section 1704--Reorganization plan for the United States Information 
        Agency

    No later than March 1, 1996, the President must transmit, 
after consulting with the Secretary of State, to the 
appropriate congressional committees a reorganization plan to: 
abolish USIA in accordance with this title; transfer the 
necessary functions and personnel of USIA; and consolidate, 
reorganize, and streamline the Department upon the transfer of 
functions under this title in order to carry out such 
functions.
    The President's plan must identify the functions of the 
Agency that will be transferred to the Department under the 
plan and those that will be abolished under the plan; the 
personnel and positions of the Agency (including civil service 
personnel, Foreign Service personnel, and detailees) that will 
be transferred to the Department, separated from service with 
the Agency, or be eliminated under the plan; and the personnel 
and positions of the Agency (including civil service personnel, 
Foreign Service personnel, and detailees) that will be 
transferred within the Department, or eliminated under the plan 
and set forth a schedule for such transfers, separation, and 
terminations.
    This plan shall also specify the consolidations and 
reorganization of functions of the Department that will be 
required under the plan in order to allow the Department to 
carry out the functions transferred to the Department under the 
plan; the funds available to the Agency that will be 
transferred to the Department under this title as a result of 
the abolition of the Agency; the proposed allocations of 
unexpended funds of the Agency within the Department; and the 
proposed disposition of the property, facilities, contracts, 
records, and other assets and liabilities of the Agency 
resulting from the abolition of the Agency and the transfer of 
the functions of the Agency to the Department.
    This plan will go into effect on the date Congress enacts a 
joint resolution, in accordance with the procedures for 
congressional consideration of reorganization plans set forth 
in section 1708.
    The Director of the Agency must reduce by 25 percent the 
number of employees employed by the Agency on the date of the 
enactment of this Act. The Director shall achieve the reduction 
no later than February 28, 1997. The transfer of any employee 
to the Department of State, or any other department or agency 
of the United States is excluded from the computation of the 
percentage reduction in personnel in this reduction. The 
Director must ensure that the number of members of the Foreign 
Service employed by the Agency does not exceed the number of 
such members authorized to be employed by the Agency under 
section 141.
    If the Secretary of State and the Director of the Agency 
fail to implement completely the reorganization plan of the 
Agency under this section in accordance with the schedule in 
the plan, the amount of funds that the Secretary and Director 
may obligate for salaries and expenses of the Department of 
State and the Agency, respectively, in the fiscal year in which 
the implementation of the plan is otherwise scheduled to be 
achieved under this plan will be reduced by an amount equal to 
20 percent of the amount otherwise appropriated to the 
Department and the Agency, respectively, in that fiscal year 
for salaries and expenses.
Section 1705--Reorganization plan for the Agency for International 
        Development

    No later than March 1, 1996, the President must transmit, 
after consulting with the Secretary of State, to the 
appropriate congressional committees a reorganization plan to: 
abolish AID in accordance with this title; transfer to the 
Department the necessary functions and personnel of AID; 
transfer to the appropriate components of the Department the 
functions and personnel of corresponding components of the 
Agency; and consolidate, reorganize, and streamline the 
Department upon the transfer of functions under this title in 
order to carry out such functions.
    The President's plan must identify the functions of the 
Agency that will be transferred to the Department under the 
plan and those that will be abolished under the plan; the 
personnel and positions of the Agency (including civil service 
personnel, Foreign Service personnel, and detailees) that will 
be transferred to the Department, separated from service with 
the Agency, or be eliminated under the plan; and the personnel 
and positions of the Agency (including civil service personnel, 
Foreign Service personnel, and detailees) that will be 
transferred within the Department, or eliminated under the plan 
and set forth a schedule for such transfers, separation, and 
terminations.
    This plan shall also specify the consolidations and 
reorganization of functions of the Department that will be 
required under the plan in order to allow the Department to 
carry out the functions transferred to the Department under the 
plan; the funds available to the Agency that will be 
transferred to the Department under this title as a result of 
the abolition of the Agency; the proposed allocations of 
unexpended funds of the Agency within the Department; and the 
proposed disposition of the property, facilities, contracts, 
records, and other assets and liabilities of the Agency 
resulting from the abolition of the Agency and the transfer of 
the functions of the Agency to the Department.
    This plan will go into effect on the date Congress enacts a 
joint resolution, in accordance with the procedures for 
congressional consideration of reorganization plans set forth 
in section 1708.
    The Administrator of the Agency must reduce by 50 percent 
the number of employees employed by the Agency on the date of 
the enactment of this Act. The Administrator shall achieve the 
reduction no later than February 28, 1997. The transfer of any 
employee to the Department of State, or any other department or 
agency of the United States is excluded from the computation of 
the percentage reduction in personnel in this reduction. The 
Administrator must ensure that the number of members of the 
Foreign Service employed by the Agency does not exceed the 
number of such members authorized to be employed by the Agency 
under section 141 of this Act.
    If the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the 
Agency fail to completely implement the reorganization plan of 
the Agency under this section in accordance with the schedule 
in the plan, the amount of funds that the Secretary and 
Administrator may obligate for salaries and expenses of the 
Department of State and the Agency, respectively, in the fiscal 
year in which the implementation of the plan is otherwise 
scheduled to be achieved under this plan will be reduced by an 
amount equal to 20 percent of the amount otherwise appropriated 
to the Department and the Agency, respectively, in that fiscal 
year for salaries and expenses.

Section 1706--Additional requirements and limitations on reorganization 
        plans

    The reorganization plans for ACDA, USIA, and AID may not 
have the effect of: (1) creating a new executive department; 
(2) continuing a function beyond the period authorized by law 
for its exercise or beyond the time when it would have 
terminated if the reorganization had not been made; (3) 
authorizing an agency to exercise a function which is not 
authorized by law at the time the plan is transmitted to 
Congress; (4) creating a new agency which is not a component or 
part of an existing executive department or independent agency; 
or (5) increasing the term of an office beyond that provided by 
law for the office.
    Other laws that may be affected by the reorganization are 
enforceable until the effective date of the reorganization plan 
in this Act. The President must ensure that the Federal 
Register publishes the date by which functions of ACDA, USIA, 
and AID are to be transferred or terminated in accordance with 
the reorganization plans for each agency detailed in this 
title.

Section 1707--Amendments or modifications to reorganization plans

    Allows the President to amend or modify the reorganization 
plan no later than 30 days from the date the plan is submitted 
to Congress or after the date on which the President transmits 
any other plan to revise the reorganization plan. Such 
amendments or modifications must be consistent with this Act. 
The President may withdraw the amended plan before 45 days from 
the date such a plan is submitted to Congress.
    This authority shall not be construed in such a manner as 
to allow the President the opportunity to modify continuously 
the plans submitted to Congress in an effort to prevent their 
approval or implementation.
Section 1708--Procedures for congressional consideration of 
        reorganization plans

    Explains the expedited process Congress must follow once a 
joint resolution is introduced in a House of Congress, such as 
limited debate and committee consideration of the resolution.

Section 1709--Transition fund

    Establishes the Foreign Affairs Reorganization Transition 
Fund to provide funds to transfer functions and personnel to 
the Department of State and to pay for other costs associated 
with the implementation of the reorganization plan for the U.S. 
foreign affairs agencies.
    The abolition of three federal agencies promises to affect 
thousands of federal employees. Upon consolidation, the 
Committee expects that personnel employed by the Arms Control 
and Disarmament Agency, the United States Information Agency or 
the Agency for International Development will be able to 
compete fairly for all positions within the enhanced Department 
of State for which they are otherwise eligible and qualified.
    This section determines which funds will be deposited into 
the account, which funds will be transferred to the Secretary 
of State, and how the funds can be used. There are authorized 
to be appropriated for the fiscal year 1996, $125,000,000, and 
for the fiscal year 1997, $100,000,000, to this account. Funds 
authorized to be appropriated for the transition account were 
extracted fromthe budgets of State, AID, ACDA and USIA. If the 
costs of transition exceed those amounts provided for in this 
section, the Committee expects each agency affected by this 
title to bear a proportionate contribution from the funds 
authorized to be appropriated to them for each of the fiscal 
years 1996 and 1997. Unobligated funds remaining in the account 
after consolidated must be transferred to the Department for 
the Secretary to use to carry out the functions of the 
Department. However, the Secretary must notify the appropriate 
congressional committees with a reprogramming notification 
before expending the unobligated funds.
    No later than October 1, 1998, the Secretary must transmit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing 
the expenditures from the fund used for transition purposes and 
which functions needed the unobligated funds transferred to the 
Department of State after transition. The Secretary may not 
obligate funds in the account after September 30, 1999.
    The Committee expects that any costs of severance, 
voluntary separation incentives or other costs of the 
transition related to personnel not covered adequately by the 
funds authorized and appropriated to the transition fund will 
be paid out of the salaries and expenses account, or a similar 
account, from within the agency incurring the costs.

Section 1710--Voluntary separation incentives

    Authorizes the payment of voluntary separation incentives 
to minimize the need for involuntary separations as a result of 
the abolition of an agency or the reorganization of the 
Department of State pursuant to this division. Such payments 
are to be made in accordance with the authorities of section 3 
of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 (Public Law 
103-226), if the employees separate from service with the 
agency during the period between the date of enactment of this 
Act and ending on September 30, 1996. Such payments are to be 
made from funds in the Foreign Affairs Reorganization 
Transition Fund, as established in Section 1709. The authority 
to make payments of this sort expires on September 30, 1996 
with the intent that the expiration of this authority before 
the completion of the transition will encourage employees to 
accept buy-outs earlier in the transition process, rather than 
later.
    One of the many reasons to consolidate our foreign affairs 
agencies is to spend American taxpayer funds on programs and 
activities that are crucial to U.S. presence overseas, rather 
than on salaries and expenses for personnel who have 
duplicative responsibilities in such agencies. The Committee 
expects reductions to take place through attrition, voluntary 
retirement incentive programs, and reductions in force and such 
reductions are expected to gain savings of over $2 billion over 
the next four years. The largest reductions and the attendant 
savings will derive from AID.
    The Committee believes that such an option for early 
retirement will be favorable to employees leaving government 
service and will allow for a more steady and measured reduction 
of personnel. In order for the Committee to extend this kind of 
authority, it will require a direct 602(a) allocation since 
direct spending costs are associated with buy-outs.
    The Committee notes that the federal job buy-out program 
authorized by P.L. 103-226 has been successful in its goal to 
downsize the federal government workforce without a reduction 
in force. The average age of workers taking optional retirement 
and buyouts under this program was 59.9 years; nearly 70 
percent of the buyouts went to workers making more than $35,000 
a year; 63 percent of the buyout takers were men; and 76 
percent of the buyouts went to caucasion workers. Based on 
these statistics, the Committee is encourated that the 
voluntary separation incentive will be a cost-effective means 
by which to reduce the personnel in the foreign affairs 
agencies while retaining a good portion of the most competent 
and well-trained personnel from the agencies affected.
Section 1711--Rights of employees of abolished agencies

    If an employee of an abolished agency is transferred, this 
person has the right to retain the same position grade or 
compensation for one year after the date of transfer. If an 
employee of an abolished agency held an Executive Schedule 
position and is appointed to a position with similar duties 
without a break in service, this person will not be compensated 
less than the rate provided in the previous position for the 
duration of employment in the new position.
    On the date of the transferal of the functions, positions 
whose incumbents are appointed by the President, with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, and whose functions are 
transferred or abolished under this section shall terminate on 
the date of transferal or abolition, as the case may be.
    Subsection (d) details the conditions that shall apply to 
the transfer of employees occupying positions in the expected 
service or the Senior Executive Service.
    Personnel terminated as a result of the abolition of their 
agency or the reorganization of the Department of State may be 
appointed in the competitive or excepted service of another 
agency.
    Subsection (f) allows an employee who is transferred to the 
Department of State to retain membership in any employee 
benefit program of the transferor agency for one year after the 
date of such transfer if the employee meets the stated 
stipulations. This section also sets forth such an employees' 
options for health insurance programs.
    Subsection (g) dictates that transferring employees shall 
be notified of their ongoing assignments not later than the 
date on which the reorganization plan setting forth the 
employee's transfer is transmitted to the appropriate 
congressional committees under this title. Foreign Service 
personnel transferred to the Department pursuant to this title 
are eligible for any assignment open to Foreign Service 
personnel within the Department.

Section 1712--Transfer and allocations of appropriations and personnel

    Provides that personnel, assets, liabilities, contracts, 
property, records, and unexpended appropriations balances of 
the abolished agencies, that are associated with functions that 
will be transferred to the Department of State, shall be 
transferred to the Department of State.
    This section also provides for the treatment of personnel 
whose functions are not transferred to the Department of State. 
The subsection allows employees not transferred to be appointed 
into the competitive or excepted service (as the case may be) 
by the head of any agency of the executive branch.

Section 1713--Personnel authorities for transferred functions

    Allows the head of a transferee agency to appoint and fix 
the compensation of officers and employees necessary to carry 
out the respective functions transferred to the agency under 
this title. Such officers and employees will be appointed in 
accordance with the civil service laws and their compensation 
fixed in accordance with title 5, United States Code. Such 
persons cannot continue such employment after functions are 
transferred.
    This section also provides the conditions under which the 
head of a transferee agency may obtain and pay experts and 
consultants to assist in the transferal of functions.

Section 1714--Property and facilities

    The Secretary shall review the property and facilities 
transferred to the department to determine whether they are 
required by the department. The Committee expects that the 
Department will use its authorities under section 9 of the 
Foreign Service Buildings Act to make cost-effective decisions 
for the acquisition, maintenance and/or sale of the properties 
of the foreign affairs agencies affected by this title.
    No later than March 1, 1997, all property and facilities 
within the custody of the transferor agency shall be 
transferred to the custody of the Secretary of State.

Section 1715--Delegation and assignment

    Provides that the head of a transferee agency is 
responsible for the administration of transferred functions and 
may delegate transferred functions to officers and employees of 
the transferee agency as necessary or appropriate, except where 
otherwise expressly prohibited by law.
Section 1716--Rules

    The head of a transferee agency may prescribe, in 
accordance with chapters 5 and 6 of title 5, United States 
Code, rules and regulations necessary or appropriate to 
administer and manage the functions of the transferee agency 
after the transfer of functions to the Department of State 
under this title.

Section 1717--Incidental transfers

    Authorizes the Director of the Office of Management and 
Budget to make such incidental dispositions of personnel, 
assets, liabilities, grants, contracts, property, records, and 
unexpended balances of appropriations as may be necessary to 
carry out the provisions of this title. The Director provides 
for the termination of the affairs of all agencies terminated 
by this title and for other measures and dispositions that may 
be necessary to achieve the purposes of this title.
    This section should not be construed as anything more than 
an authorization for the Director of OMB to deal with issues 
that were not adequately addressed in the reorganization plans 
submitted to and approved by the Congress. This authority 
should in no manner supersede that given to the Secretary of 
State in other sections of this title.

Section 1718--Effect on contracts and grants

    Prohibits ACDA, USIA, and AID from entering into a contract 
or agreement which will: continue in force after the 
termination date of such agency; extend the term of an existing 
contract or agreement of such agency to a date after such date; 
or make a grant which will continue in force after such date. 
However, such prohibitions do not apply to contracts and 
agreements for carrying out essential administrative functions; 
contracts and agreements on functions and activities that the 
Secretary of State determines will be carried out after the 
termination of the agency concerned under this title; or to 
grants relating to the functions and activities in paragraph 
(2).

Section 1719--Savings provisions

    Section 1719(a) provides that orders, determinations, 
rules, regulations, contracts etc., issued or allowed by the 
President or a federal agency covering functions that will be 
transferred to the Department of State shall continue if they 
were in effect at the time the title takes effect. They shall 
continue until the President or the Secretary of State or 
another authorized official terminates, modifies or revokes 
them.
    Section 1719(b) clarifies that any proposed rules or 
applications etc. relating to functions that will be 
transferred and that are pending before an agency at the time 
this title takes effect shall not be affected by the 
transition. Those proceedings shall continue as if the 
transition did not exist until they are otherwise modified or 
terminated by an authorized official, a court of law or a new 
law. However, this subsection further clarifies that this 
section shall not be interpreted to mean that any of the 
proceedings detailed above will be saved from termination or 
modification due to the transition.
    Section 1719(c) allows that suits pending before the 
effective date of this title shall continue as if this title 
had not been enacted.
    Section 1719(d) is similar to (c) though it covers suits 
pending against the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the 
United States Information Agency or the Agency for 
International Development or any official of these agencies.
    Section 1719(e) allows administrative actions relating to 
functions that will be transferred under this title to continue 
as if the title had not been enacted.
    The Committee intends for this section to help smooth the 
transition of functions, personnel and funds from the Arms 
Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States Information 
Agency and the Agency for International Development to the 
Department of State.

Section 1720--Separability

    Section 1720 clarifies that if a provision of this title or 
its application to any person or circumstance is deemed 
invalid, neither the title itself, nor its application overall, 
shall be affected.
Section 1721--Other transition authorities

    Authorizes the heads of the Arms Control and Disarmament 
Agency, the United States Information Agency and the Agency for 
International Development to utilize any employees of and any 
funds appropriated to their respective agencies as long as 
those employees and funds are connected to functions that will 
be transferred to the Department of State. They may be utilized 
for such a period of time as deemed reasonably necessary to 
facilitate the orderly implementation of the transition.
    The Committee believes that this authority will smooth the 
period of transition to allow functions of agencies to continue 
unabated.

Section 1722--Additional conforming amendments

    If any technical or conforming amendments to U.S. laws are 
necessary to implement the transition, the President may submit 
to the Congress a report detailing any of those amendments. The 
Committee encourages the President to take advantage of this 
section.

Section 1723--Final report

    Not later than October 1, 1998, a year and a half after the 
transition is to have come to a close, the President is to 
submit a final report to Congress detailing how all funds 
appropriated to and operations of the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency, the United States Information Agency and 
the Agency for International Development were disposed of or 
distributed within the government.
    This section is intended to provide the Congress and the 
American public a detailed chart and an itemized description of 
where the functions and funds of the agencies that were 
abolished were divided up within the Department of State. The 
Committee hopes that the President will utilize this report to 
provide a detailed history of the transition events of the four 
years preceding the submission of the report.

Section 1724--Definitions

    Defines the terms: appropriate congressional committees, 
federal agency, function, office, transferee agency, and 
transferor agency.

                             Cost Estimate
    In accordance with rule XXVI, paragraph 11(a) of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the committee provides the 
following estimates of the cost of this legislation prepared by 
the Congressional Budget Office:

                                     U.S. Congress,
                               Congressional Budget Office,
                                      Washington, DC, May 31, 1995.
Hon. Jesse Helms,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has 
prepared the enclosed cost estimate of the Foreign Relations 
Revitalization Act of 1995, as ordered reported by the Senate 
Committee on Foreign Relations on May 18, 1995.
    The bill would affect direct spending and thus would be 
subject to pay-as-you-go procedures under section 252 of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act.
    If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be 
pleased to provide them.
            Sincerely
                                              James L. Blum
                                   (For June E. O'Neill, Director).
    Enclosure.

               Congressional Budget Office cost estimate

    1. Bill number: Unassigned.
    2. Bill title: Foreign Relations Revitalization Act of 
1995.
    3. Bill status: As ordered reported by the Senate Committee 
on Foreign Relations on May 18, 1995.
    4. Bill purpose: The bill would consolidate U.S. foreign 
affairs agencies by abolishing the Arms Control and Disarmament 
Agency, the United States Information Agency, and the U.S. 
Agency for International Development and transferring their 
functions to the Department of State. The bill would authorize 
appropriations in fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 for 
State Department operations, contributions to international 
organizations, broadcasting and cultural exchange activities, 
and various other activities and agencies.
    5. Estimated cost to the Federal Government;

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   1995       1996       1997       1998       1999       2000  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct spending:                                                                                                
    Estimated budget authority................          0      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)
    Estimated outlays.........................          0          6          9          3      (\1\)      (\1\)
Spending subject to appropriations actions:                                                                     
  Spending under current law:                                                                                   
      Budget authority/authorization \3\, \4\.      6,979        249        259        268        277        284
      Estimated outlays.......................      7,315      1,759        759        493        297        284
  Proposed changes:                                                                                             
      Estimated authorization level \4\.......  .........      6,337      5,971      5,554      5,400          0
      Estimated direct loan obligations.......  .........          1          1          1          1          0
      Estimated outlays.......................  .........      5,080      5,630      5,497      5,360      1,007
  Spending under the bill:                                                                                      
      Estimated authorization level \3\, \4\..      6,979      6,586      6,230      5,822      5,678        284
      Estimated direct loan obligations.......  .........          1          1          1          1          0
      Estimated outlays \4\...................      7,315      6,839      6,390      5,990      5,657      1,290
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Less than $500,000.                                                                                         
\2\ Amounts for fiscal years 1996 through 2000 are permanent authorizations subject to appropriations action.   
\3\ The 1995 figure is the amount already appropriated.                                                         
\4\ Does not include increased obligational authority or outlays associated with the change in the scoring of   
  lease-purchases required by section 121.                                                                      

    The costs of the bill fall in budget functions 150 
(international affairs), 300 (natural resources and 
environment), and 800 (general government).
    6. Basis of estimate: The estimate assumes enactment of the 
bill and appropriation of the authorized amounts for each 
fiscal year. CBO used historical spending rates for estimating 
outlays.

Direct spending and receipts

    In addition to authorizing appropriations, the bill 
contains several provisions affecting direct spending and 
receipts.
    Voluntary Separation Incentives. Section 1710 would allow 
the Secretary of State, the Director of the United States 
Information Agency, the Administrator of the Agency for 
International Development, and the Director of the United 
States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency to offer separation 
incentive payments to employees before the end of fiscal year 
1996. This provision would result in direct spending costs 
because some employees who retire with the incentive would 
receive their annuities earlier than under current law. CBO 
estimates that the costs of section 1710 would be $6 million in 
1996, $9 million in 1997, and $3 million in 1998. In 1999 and 
2000, however, CBO estimates direct spending savings of less 
than $1 million because people who retire early would receive 
reduced annuities in those years.
    Based on preliminary results from the voluntary separation 
incentive program that expired March 31, 1995, these agencies 
made about 1,000 incentive payments in 1994 and 1995. The 
results suggest that most of the employees took the incentive 
and retired. Although many eligible employees took an incentive 
payment and retired in 1994 and 1995, CBO assumes that the 
employment cuts required in this bill are great enough--about 
9,000 full-time equivalents by 1997--that a comparable number 
of separation payments will be needed. The estimate assumes 
that about 60 percent of the retirees would have retired 
without the incentive. The estimate also assumes that the 
remaining 40 percent who accept the incentive would retire one 
or two years earlier than they would have otherwise.
    Other Provisions. Section 601 would repeal several 
permanent appropriations for interparliamentary groups. The 
repeal would lower budget authority and outlays by $150,000 per 
year. Section 413 would require the Director of the United 
States Information Agency to carry out a pilot program of 
selling advertisements on the agency's television and radio 
broadcasts and to spend the collections on operations. The net 
budgetary effect of this pilot program would be negligible.

Spending subject to appropriations action

    The bill would authorize the appropriation of $23.3 billion 
for international affairs and other programs over the next four 
years. The bill would reorganize various offices and functions 
within the Department of State and transfer the authorities and 
functions of the United States Information Agency, the Arms 
Control and Disarmament Agency, the International Development 
Cooperation Agency, and the Agency for International 
Development to the State Department.
    The bill would provide specific authorizations for the 
payment to the foreign service retirement and disability fund, 
the emergency migration and refugee account, and the buying 
power maintenance account. These programs now have permanent, 
indefinite authorizations, which would not be repealed by this 
bill. This estimate, therefore, reflects no change in the 
projected spending for these accounts.
    In addition, the bill contains various other indefinite 
authorizations. Section 137 would limit the authority provided 
in the following sections to the extent or in the amounts 
provided in appropriations acts.
    Fees for Machine Readable Visas. Section 163 would 
authorize the Secretary of State to charge fees for machine 
readable visas in years 1996 through 1999. The authority would 
be limited to $150 million per year, but collections are likely 
to be much less than that threshold. The bill specifies that 
income from the fees be recorded as offsetting collections and 
be available for spending on consular activities. Based on 
information from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), CBO 
estimates that the department will collect and spend $80 
million each year from these fees.
    Immigrant Visa Fees. Section 161 would authorize the 
Secretary of State to charge a fee for certain immigrant visas 
and to use the proceeds. CBO estimates that the fees would 
generate $2.8 million per year based on information from OMB.
    Buying Power Maintenance. Section 111(b) would authorize 
such sums as may be necessary to cover the increased costs 
caused by the depreciation of the dollar. CBO estimates that an 
additional $42.7 million in 1996 would be needed to restore the 
value lost by the sharp drop in the dollar since the budget was 
prepared.
    International Center Reserve Funds. Section 133 would 
authorize the special fund for the International Center to earn 
interest. The interest, approximately $500,000 per year, may be 
appropriated for maintenance, security, and additional surveys 
and plans associated with developing areas within Washington, 
D.C. for chancery and diplomatic purposes.
    Funds for Environmental, Scientific, Cultural and Related 
Areas. The bill would authorize recipients of grants for 
environmental, scientific, and cultural activities to deposit 
grant funds in interest-bearing accounts and to use the 
interest for the same purpose for which the grant was made. 
Under current law, the grantees refund their interest earnings 
to the government. CBO estimates that under this provision the 
Treasury would forgo collections of $500,000 per year.
    Authority to Provide Services on a Reimbursable Basis. The 
bill contains several sections that would allow the Department 
of State to accept reimbursements for services and to credit 
the funds to the performing account. Section 151 authorizes the 
department to provide training services to corporate employees, 
their families, and Congressional employees on a reimbursable 
basis. CBO estimates that collections would total less than 
$100,000 per year. Section 148 authorizes the State Department 
to collect from insurance companies the reasonable costs of 
health care services provided by the department beginning in 
1997 and to use the collections on health care services or 
other expenses. CBO estimates collections of $11.5 million a 
year starting in 1997.
    Directed Scorekeeping. Section 121 would direct a change in 
the scoring of budget authority for lease-purchase agreements 
involving property in foreign countries. The change would allow 
the State Department to incur obligations in excess of 
appropriated amounts. In most cases, acquiring property through 
a lease-purchase agreement is more costly than buying the same 
property, but under section 121, such agreements would require 
much less upfront budget authority than under current law. 
Enacting the provision would thus encourage acquisition of 
property through lease-purchases, thereby increasing the 
government's long-term costs.
    When measured using current scoring procedures, the use of 
additional lease-purchase arrangements would add to the budget 
authority, obligations, and outlays associated with the State 
Department's acquisition of property in foreign countries over 
the next several years. While CBO currently has no clear basis 
for estimating those budgetary impacts, they could be 
substantial.
    7. Pay-as-you-go considerations: The Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 sets up pay-as-you-go 
procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or 
receipts through 1998. The bill would have the following pay-
as-you-go impact:


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 1995       1996       1997       1998  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in Outlays...........          0          6          9          3
Change in Receipts..........      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)      (\1\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Not applicable.                                                     

    8. Estimated cost to State and local governments: None.
    9. Estimate comparison: None.
    10. Previous CBO Estimate: None.
    11. Estimate prepared by: Joseph C. Whitehill, Christopher 
Duncan, and Wayne Boyington.
    12. Estimate approved by: Robert A. Sunshine for Paul N. 
Van de Water, Assistant Director for Budget Analysis.

                    Evaluation of Regulatory Impact

    In accordance with rule XXVI, paragraph 11(b) of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, the committee has concluded that 
there is no regulatory impact from this legislation.
 MINORITY VIEWS OF SENATORS PELL, BIDEN, SARBANES, DODD, KERRY, ROBB, 
                        FEINGOLD, AND FEINSTEIN

    Nearly five decades ago, Dean Acheson wrote that he was 
``present at the creation''--a reference to the period 
following World War II in which the United States forged the 
international institutions that guided western policy 
throughout the cold war. With the cold war at an end, President 
Clinton has properly focused primary attention on restoring the 
Nation's economic health. But international crises and 
challenges continue to confront the United States. 
Unfortunately, the prescriptions set forth in this bill and 
other Republican initiatives pending in Congress set the stage 
for the United States to be absent at the creation of the post-
cold war order.
    In our view the bill as reported threatens the ability of 
the United States to maintain a meaningful diplomatic presence 
abroad and to exercise effective leadership in the 
international community and its institutions as we move into 
the 21st century. We also believe that the bill, by providing 
authorizations of appropriations for 4 fiscal years, as opposed 
to the traditional 2, jeopardizes the relevance of the 
committee's work to the appropriating process and undermines 
the committee's policy-making role.
    The funding levels in the bill reflect the deep cuts 
proposed by the Budget Committee in Function 150 (the 
International Affairs function) over the next 4 fiscal years. 
Under this bill, authorized funding in fiscal year 1995 enacted 
level. This cut, of course, does not reflect reductions 
proposed by Chairman Helms in funding for foreign aid programs.
    The bill mandates that the U.S. withdraw from several 
international organizations including the International Labor 
Organization and eliminates funding for U.S. assessed 
contributions to these organizations. The bill places 
conditions on the full payment of U.S. assessed contributions 
to the United Nations and to peacekeeping operations that serve 
only to weaken U.S. leverage at the United Nations at a very 
time when U.S. leadership is sorely needed.
    The mandated consolidation of the United States Information 
Agency (USIA), the Agency for International Development (AID), 
and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) into the 
Department of State is motivated in large part by budgetary 
concerns. We agree that savings must be realized by some form 
of consolidation of our foreign affairs agencies. However, the 
plan is this bill denies the President the right or the 
flexibility to determine how the foreign affairs apparatus of 
the United States should be structured. Moreover, the State 
Department's ability to absorb these new functions is 
questionable, as former Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger 
testified to the committee on March 23, 1995. He said; ``I do 
not think the State Department today is capable of taking on 
the functions that you [the Chairman] contemplate going into 
the State Department and doing them effectively.''

                             funding levels

    A decade ago the International Affairs Budget comprised 
2.44 percent of the total federal budget. Today, it comprises 
only 1.3 percent. In the last decade, appropriations for 
Function 150 have declined by $15.6 billion in fiscal year 1996 
dollars, from $36.8 billion in fiscal year 1985 to $21.2 
billion in fiscal year 1995.
    The Senate Budget Committee proposes to reduce 
discretionary funding for the International Affairs Budget by 
$2.5 billion in fiscal year 1996 alone. By Fiscal Year 2002, 
the Budget Committee's target date for balancing the budget, 
the proposed mark for function 150 discretionary funding is 
$16.2 billion. In 7 years, the International Affairs Budget 
will have plummeted by $4.2 billion, or 20.5 percent from the 
current level.
    We believe that the Budget Committee's proposed reductions 
in the International Affairs Budget are ill-considered, short-
sighted, and contrary to our national interests. We recognize 
that economies must be achieved in all aspects of the federal 
budget, including international affairs activities. However, 
the dollar alone should not be the driving force of policy.
    The Budget Committee's proposed levels for Function 150 
have been assumed by Chairman Helms in setting the 
authorization levels in the State Department authorization bill 
and the foreign aid authorization bill. In fact, if the funding 
levels in these two bills are combined, the total falls well 
below the mark set by the Budget Committee.
    We understand that the Budget Committee's figures set the 
parameters within which the authorizers and appropriators must 
work. Within this context, we strongly believe that the 
authorization bills reported by this committee should not cut 
below the Budget Committee's mark. To do so sends the wrong 
signal to the Appropriations Committee. It suggests that 
additional cuts in international programs, beyond those 
contemplated by the Budget Committee, are acceptable to this 
committee. In our view, they are not. Substantial cuts by the 
appropriations committees in funding for international programs 
and activities will have a negative effect on the instruments 
of foreign policy.
                               exchanges

    The committee bill's authorization for the Fulbright 
academic exchange programs is $9 million less than the fiscal 
year 1995 enacted level. Moreover the bill's total funding 
level for all international exchanges is $24.8 million less 
than the administration's fiscal year 1996 request for 
exchanges.
    Historically this committee has strongly supported 
educational and cultural exchange programs and has made a 
deliberate effort to fund these at requested levels. The 
proposed reductions in this bill mark a departure from that 
trend. We believe that exchange programs, particularly the 
Fulbright program, are effective means of promoting 
understanding of basic democratic values and freedom and 
principles of free enterprise. At a time when democracy is 
beginning to take hold in various states of the former Soviet 
Union as well as in other parts of the world, exchange programs 
are a relatively inexpensive way to shape the process of 
change.

                            u.n. provisions

    The committee bill mirrors other recent congressional 
efforts to undermine and place restrictions upon U.S. 
participation in the U.N. system. The bill accelerates an 
alarming trend that could result in an eventual U.S. withdrawal 
from the U.N. system.
    U.S. national interests are well-served by our active and 
prominent participation in U.N. peacekeeping and other 
activities. U.N. peacekeeping has helped to advance U.S. 
foreign policy goals in such critical regions as Asia, Latin 
America, and the Middle East, and the U.N. organizations are 
making vital contributions to nuclear safety, to the protection 
of the international environment, to child health and survival, 
and to the promotion of respect for human rights worldwide.
    At a time when U.S. budgetary constraints mandate a closer 
look at our commitments and obligations abroad, the United 
States should be exploring ways to utilize more effectively its 
participation in the U.N. system. Instead, it appears the 
committee is looking to dismantle that system piecemeal.
    Part A, title II of the committee bill contains a number of 
provisions that will severely restrict U.S. participation in 
and support for U.N. operations. Section 205, for instance, 
makes percentages of U.S. contributions to the United Nations 
(for peacekeeping and other matters) subject to Presidential 
certifications regarding the office of the U.N. Inspector 
General. While it is important that the Inspector General's 
office operate effectively, the standards established under 
section 205 are arbitrary and impossible to meet. As a result, 
the President will be unable to make the required 
certifications and will be forced to withhold large percentages 
of our payments to the United Nations. This provision will do 
nothing to advance reform and will result only in drastic and 
counterproductive reductions of U.S. assessed and voluntary 
contributions to the United Nations.
    Section 217 is another example of the troubling provisions 
concerning the United Nations contained in the committee bill. 
This section would fundamentally alter U.S. enforcement of U.N. 
sanctions regimes. Specifically, this section would exempt the 
United States from enforcing any sanctions that would have the 
effect of prohibiting assistance to promote human rights, the 
exchange of information, and the development of democratic 
institutions. A strong theoretical case can be made that such 
efforts are desirable--even for a country that threatens 
international peace and security. In practice, however, the 
exemptions would be difficult to implement. They also would 
undermine U.S. efforts to encourage other countries to observe 
U.N. embargoes against such countries as Libya or Iraq. The 
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations may even be bound to veto 
any future U.N. sanctions resolution that did not contain 
similar exemptions.
    We acknowledge that there are some neutral, and even some 
positive elements in title II pertaining to the United Nations. 
These, however, are overshadowed by the other destructive 
elements of title II. By reporting this bill, the committee is 
calling into question a fundamental precept of U.S. foreign 
policy--the ability of the United States to participate in the 
U.N. system. In our opinion, this bill will jeopardize the 
progress that has been made to date on U.N. reform, and will 
undermine American leadership in the process.

                   other international organizations

    We are concerned about other provisions in the bill which 
seek to limit the ability of the United States to participate 
in other international organizations apart from the United 
Nations and its specialized agencies. For example, section 313 
forces the United States out of several organizations including 
the International Labor Organization and the United Nations 
Industrial Development Organization by prohibiting U.S. 
contributions to these organizations. Prohibitions in sections 
316 and 317 on U.S. contributions to the International Natural 
Rubber Organization and the International Tropical Timber 
Organization have the same effect.
    Section 314 seeks to prevent the United States from 
participating in the work of the Human Rights Committee 
established under the International Covenant on Human Rights, 
which the United States ratified in 1992. This provision 
weakens the ability of the United States to play a leading role 
in international efforts to promote respect for human rights 
and creates doubt among other parties as to the seriousness of 
our commitment to the committee's work.
    These provisions, taken together with many of those in 
title II dealing with the United Nations, are an attempt to 
reduce the U.S. presence on the international scene. We 
strongly believe that this ``neo-isolationist'' approach, as 
some have called it, will diminish our influence, our 
leadership role, and ultimately our capacity to promote our 
national interests in the international arena.
    Finally, the prohibition in section 312 on funding of any 
international organization that espouses one-world government 
demonstrates little understanding of the purpose of the United 
Nations and its specialized agencies and appears to pander to 
those Americans whose anger toward the U.S. Government resulted 
in the recent bombing of the Federal building in Oklahoma City. 
In our view the inclusion of this provision demeans the 
committee and is offensive to the victims of that tragic 
bombing, their friends and families.

               consolidation of foreign affairs agencies

    We agree that the passing of the cold war and the reality 
of ever smaller budgets for international affairs compel us to 
re-examine our foreign affairs agencies in an effort to find a 
more efficient, cost-effective means of formulating, 
coordinating and implementing policy. Although seemingly cost-
effective, the mandated consolidation in the committee bill 
leaves little discretion to the President to determine what 
agencies among USIA, AID, and ACDA should be abolished or what 
kind of consolidated structure should be established in their 
place. Rather it mandates that the functions, and a certain 
percentage of the personnel, of these agencies should be merged 
into the State Department by March 1, 1997.
    With the passing of the cold war, the focus of 
international politics is shifting increasingly to issues such 
as trade and economics, the environment, technology, nuclear 
nonproliferation, and conventional arms control. There are many 
different ways to restructure our bureaucracy to promote our 
interests in these, as well as traditional, policy areas. To 
place responsibility for all these issues in the State 
Department, as the committee bill does, eliminates other, 
possibly more effective organizational options, and 
overestimates the capacity of the State Department to take on 
these new functions.
    For example, it is questionable whether the abolishment of 
AID and the transfer of its functions to the State Department 
will result in a more efficient or effective foreign aid 
program. The merger proposed in this bill would leave the 
United without a high-level official responsible for 
coordinating programs for sustainable development. It would 
also require the elimination of large numbers of highly skilled 
personnel with experience in designing, overseeing, and 
administering aid programs. As a result, development assistance 
could end up being distributed as cash grants to governments 
for political reasons, rather than being targeted toward 
specific development objectives through direct training, 
technical support, and project assistance to communities and 
nongovernmental organizations.
    We accept the need for restructuring our foreign affairs 
apparatus. However, we believe that the President should have 
flexibility, within certain time limits, to decide how to 
structure that apparatus. Congress can, and should, promote the 
restructuring process by setting broad mandates including 
reductions in the aggregate number of agencies, substantial 
mandatory savings, elimination of duplication of functions and 
personnel, and limits on upper level executive positions. 
However, the decisions on what agencies should be abolished, 
what functions should be transferred and where, and what 
personnel should be reduced or retained should be made by the 
President, not by Congress. The amendment offered during markup 
as an alternative to the plan in the committee bill by Senator 
Kerry on behalf of all of us reflects this approach to the 
consolidation issue.
    The amendment required the President to submit a plan to 
Congress within 6 months of the date of enactment of the bill 
for the consolidation of the personnel and functions of the 
State Department, USIA, AID, and ACDA. The plan had to include 
the elimination of at least one of the three independent 
agencies (USIA, AID, and ACDA), save at least $2 billion in 
personnel savings over 4 years, and result in no increase in 
positions at each of the top three executive levels or any 
elimination of statutory functions. Within this mandate, the 
President had total discretion to determine how to restructure 
the foreign affairs apparatus.
    We believe this is a sensible approach to the consolidation 
issue. It would engage the administration in the consolidation 
process, promote a serious and thoughtful reorganization that 
could improve the formulation, coordination, and implementation 
of policy, and produce significant cost savings. We regret that 
the committee rejected it.

                              4 year bill

    In our view the decision to include authorizations for 
fiscal years 1998 and 1999 in the committee bill is a mistake. 
Historically, this committee has done 2-year authorization 
bills. These bills were designed to keep the committee relevant 
to the appropriations process and to ensure that policy is set 
by the authorizing committees as opposed to the appropriating 
committees.
    In recent years this committee has worked closely with the 
Appropriations Committee to ensure that the funding levels set 
by the appropriators did not violate this committee's 
authorizations. To authorize funding for the next 4 years, as 
this bill does, will undo that process. Moreover, if the caps 
set by the Budget Committee for the International Affairs 
Budget change--up or down--in the out-years, the authorizations 
in this bill will have little impact on what the appropriators 
do in fiscal years 1998 and 1999.
    If the budget caps increase in fiscal year 1998 or fiscal 
year 1999, the lower authorizations in this bill will encourage 
the appropriators to go lower than the budget requires. As a 
result, funding for international activities would be cut 
unnecessarily.
    Another reason for limiting this bill to fiscal years 1996 
and 1997 only is the upcoming presidential election. The 
President should be able to set priorities and seek the 
necessary funds to pursue them. Supplemental funding requests 
are not, as some have suggested, an effective means of 
achieving this end. As we have seen in recent years, these 
requests usually succumb to a slow and painful death in 
Congress.
               ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF SENATOR CLAIBORNE PELL

    The absorption of the United States Arms Control Agency for 
the Department of State, as called for in this legislation, 
would undercut serious and comprehensive efforts in recent 
years to strengthen and revitalize the Agency. Moreover, it 
would have this unfortunate effect without any significant 
savings. As a result, its true price would be high.
    In the course of committee markup of the legislation, I 
offered an alternative proposal--that the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency be retained and strengthened. My proposal 
was supported by my Democratic colleagues and rejected by all 
of the committee Republicans.
    Arms Control activities were handled within the Department 
of State until 1961, when it was decided that a separated 
agency would be a better approach. As the final decisions were 
being considered, I recall going to the White House with 
Senators Humphrey of Minnesota and Clark of Pennsylvania to 
make the case that arms control was a matter of such central 
importance to the United States that it should be the 
responsibility of an agency created by and operating under 
statute.
    McGeorge Bundy, who served both Presidents Kennedy and 
Johnson as National Security Advisor, recalled the decisions on 
ACDA earlier this year in testimony on this bill. He spoke of 
``the requirements for first-class executive branch performance 
in the field of arms control. These requirements are well met 
in the present executive arrangements; they could be met only 
by most improbable good luck if the proposal before you (the 
reorganization plan approved by committee) should be adopted.''
    The need for first-class arms control performance has not 
always been recognized. Accordingly, in the past 34 years, the 
Agency has had its ups and downs, but it has been central to 
some successes, including the Non-Proliferation Treaty, SALT I 
Interim Agreement, Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, 
Biological Weapons Convention, Senate agreement to the 1925 
Geneva Protocol, Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) 
Treaty, Threshold Test Ban Treaty, Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 
Treaty, and the Chemical Weapons Convention now pending before 
the Senate. The Agency and Ambassador Tom Graham were central 
to the very successful effort to win the permanent extension of 
the Non-Proliferation Treaty, and ACDA is currently running the 
effort to conclude a comprehensive test ban. While ACDA was not 
in charge of START I or START II, it did the bulk of the 
backstopping work.
    It is worthy of note that ACDA has fought alone in some key 
matters. The State Department opposed negotiation of the Non-
Proliferation Treaty in order to please NATO allies. ACDA 
persevered and won. When the State Department wanted to 
eviscerate the ABM Treaty in the early 1980's, ACDA fought for 
the traditional interpretation. Recently ACDA and the Energy 
Department have been supportive of the current nuclear testing 
moratorium and of a comprehensive test ban. The State and 
Defense Departments have been the foot draggers. Recent press 
reports allege that the Administration sided with the Secretary 
of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff against ACDA and the 
Energy Secretary in its decision not to agree with the Russians 
to negotiate further strategic arms cuts beyond START II.
    In 1991, the Bush administration did not seem to hold ACDA 
in particular regard, and there was a general sense on the Hill 
that ACDA was both insignificant and ineffectual. Senator Simon 
proposed, and the committee and Senate agreed to, an amendment 
requiring that the State/ACDA Inspector General Sherman Funk, 
investigate ACDA and report back with recommendations in 
December 1992. Mr. Funk ordered a very thorough study and 
analysis by an outside panel headed by Ambassador James Goodby. 
That panel explored all the options, including merger into 
State and concluded that ACDA should be kept independent and 
strengthened.
    Subsequently, I introduced legislation to strengthen and 
revitalize ACDA. At the same time, the new administration was 
considering a plan to merge ACDA into the State Department. 
That subsequently rejected plan is the progenitor of the 
current majority plan to merge ACDA into State.
    After their review, the President, on the strong 
recommendation of Secretary Christopher, decided to retain ACDA 
as an independent Agency, reporting to both the President and 
the Secretary, and to support the bill I had introduced as soon 
as some compromises were reached. Secretary Christopher and the 
Department worked very closely and productively with the 
committee in putting together a mutually acceptable bill. With 
the administration's backing the bill, with bipartisan support 
in both Houses, was enacted last spring. These are the 
highlights of the revitalization legislation, which is now law:
    The bill enhanced the role of the ACDA in the areas of arms 
control and nonproliferation policy and negotiations in several 
ways: (1) ACDA was given primary responsibility for all arms 
control negotiations and implementation fora, including 
negotiation of a comprehensive nuclear test ban; (2) positions 
for Presidential Special Representatives for Arms Control, 
Nonproliferation, and Disarmament were created and placed under 
the ACDA Director; and (3) ACDA's role in nonproliferation was 
underscored by giving the Agency primary responsibility for 
managing U.S. participation in the 1995 review conference of 
the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and primary responsibility 
for other nonproliferation activities when so directed by the 
President.
    The bill improved ACDA's role regarding arms transfers and 
nonproliferation. ACDA was given mandatory prior consultation 
and review rights with respect to export licenses and other 
matters under both the Arms Export Control Act and the Nuclear 
Non-Proliferation Act.
    The bill strengthened the functioning of the Agency by 
eliminating a number of outdated or redundant reporting 
requirements and by disbanding the General Advisory Committee, 
thereby permitting the Agency to reassign personnel to other 
substantive areas.
    The revitalization has already had an effect, and the 
administration is helping by keeping the bargains that were 
reached.
    At the committee markup, I offered an amendment as an 
alternative to the merger proposal subsequently adopted. My 
amendment would have retained ACDA and strengthened it still 
further, particularly with regard to nonproliferation. In 
particular, it would have moved into ACDA particular 
nonproliferation activities that the Agency is best equipped to 
handle, such as management of U.S. participation in the 
International Atomic Energy Agency and in various 
nonproliferation related international activities. It would 
have helped ensure that ACDA--and the United States--were able 
better to meet the considerable arms control challenges, to be 
faced in the period ahead.
    Mr. Bundy told the Committee: ``Arms control--especially 
the limitation of nuclear danger--is not easy. It requires 
agreement among sovereign states who often fear and mistrust 
each other. It can require limits on weapons that a military 
service may initially prefer not to limit. It requires 
technical understanding, political sagacity, and coordination 
from the White House. What I would emphasize in particular, 
from my own service with two Presidents who were deeply and 
directly engaged in the effort to limit nuclear danger, is that 
there must be a close and continuous relation between the 
President and his staff and the main center of arms control 
analysis and effort. The government's senior people on arms 
control should have easy access, as a matter of right and 
expectation, to the White House''.
    The value of independent access to the President as cited 
by Mr. Bundy cannot be overestimated. Many arms control and 
nonproliferation matters should be considered at the 
interagency level and decided by the President. To put arms 
control at a lower level within the Department of State--even 
if State did its best to maintain arms control as a key factor 
in decision making--would mean that the arms control voice 
would be muffled and key questions could be dealt with inside 
the Department. Under the present and preferred arrangement, 
the Director is the principal advisor on arms control, 
disarmament, and nonproliferation matter to the President, the 
National Security Council and the Secretary of State. Thus, the 
Agency can be actively engaged and effective at whatever level 
is appropriate.
    Much is made of the notion that abolishing agencies such as 
ACDA will save large funds. The basic ACDA budget is currently 
about $55 million. Most of the activities its employees are 
engaged in are fairly important to the Nation, and some of the 
work is vitally important. Most of the people are quite busy. 
The Vice President has set about the task of making all 
feasible reductions throughout government, and indications are 
now that significant cuts can be made. With regard to ACDA and 
the State Department overlap, it is clearly largely within the 
Department, and there can be reasonable savings in areas in 
which the Department duplicates ACDA. Beyond that, it is hard 
to imagine cuts that would not simply mean the termination of 
important programs.
    I conclude that there could be some relatively 
insignificant savings realized from the merger of ACDA into 
State, but the results would not be an improvement. It would 
amount to dollars saved very foolishly--at an unfortunately 
high price.
                        Changes in Existing Law

    In compliance with paragraph 12 of Rule XXVI of the 
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italic, existing law in which no change is 
proposed is shown in roman):

                      Foreign Service Act of 1980

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 101. Findings and Objectives.--(a) The Congress finds 
that--
          * * * * * * *
    (b) The objective of this Act is to strengthen and improve 
the Foreign Service of the United States by--
          * * * * * * *
          [(9) increasing efficiency and economy by promoting 
        maximum compatibility among the agencies authorized by 
        law to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, as 
        well as compatibility between the Foreign Service 
        personnel system and other personnel systems of the 
        Government; and]
          (9) establishing a consolidated and uniform 
        administration of a single Foreign Service of the 
        United States by the Director General of the Foreign 
        Service, under the direction of the President and the 
        Secretary of State; and.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 203. Compatability Among Agencies Utilizing the 
Foreign Service Personnel System.--(a) [The Service shall be 
administered to the extent practicable in a manner that will 
assure maximum compatibility among the agencies authorized by 
law to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system. To this 
end, the other heads of such agencies shall consult regularly 
with the Secretary of State.] There is one Foreign Service, and 
any agency that seeks to utilize the authorities of the Foreign 
Service Act of 1980 shall do so in strict conformance with the 
common standards and procedures set out by the Director General 
of the Foreign Service under the authority of the Secretary of 
State.
          * * * * * * *

[Sec. 208. DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE.

    [The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, a Director General of the Foreign 
Service, who shall be a current or former career member of the 
Foreign Service. The Director General should assist the 
Secretary of State in the management of the Service and perform 
such functions as the Secretary of State may prescribe.]
    Sec. 209. Inspector General.--(a)(1) There shall be an 
[Inspector General of the Department of State and the Foreign 
Service] Inspector General for Foreign Affairs, who shall be 
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, without regard to political affiliation from 
among individuals exceptionally qualified for the position by 
virtue of their integrity and their demonstrated ability in 
accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, management 
analysis, public administration, or investigations, or their 
knowledge and experience in the conduct of foreign affairs. The 
Inspector General shall serve a term of six years. The 
Inspector General may be reappointed by the President, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate, for an additional 
term or terms of six years each. No career member of the 
Foreign service, as defined in section 103, may be appointed 
Inspector General. The Inspector General shall report to and be 
under the general supervision of the Secretary of State. 
Neither the Secretary of State nor any other officer of the 
Department shall prevent or prohibit the Inspector General from 
initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or 
investigation, or from issuing any subpoena during the course 
of any audit or investigation. The Inspector General shall 
periodically (at least every 5 years) inspect and audit the 
administration of activities and operations of each Foreign 
Service post and each bureau and other operating unit of the 
Department of State, and shall perform such other functions as 
the Secretary of State may prescribe, except that the Secretary 
of State shall not assign to the Inspector General any general 
program operating responsibilities.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 302. Appointments by the President.--(a)(1) The 
President may, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, appoint an individual as a chief of mission, as an 
ambassador at large, as an ambassador, as a minister, as a 
career member of the Senior Foreign Service, or as a Foreign 
Service officer.
          * * * * * * *
    (b) If a member of the Service is appointed to any position 
in the executive branch by the President, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, or by the President alone, 
the period of service in that position by the member shall be 
regarded as an assignment under chapter 5 and the member shall 
not, by virtue of the acceptance of such assignment, lose his 
or her status as a member of the Service. A member of the 
Senior Foreign Service who accepts such an assignment [may 
elect to] shall continue to receive the salary of his or her 
salary class, to remain eligible for performance pay under 
chapter 4, and to receive the leave to which such member is 
entitled under subchapter I of chapter 63, title 5, United 
States Code, as a member of the Senior Foreign [Service, in 
lieu of receiving the salary and leave (if any) of the position 
to which the member is appointed by the President.] Service.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 405. Performance Pay.--(a) [Members] Subject to 
subsection (e), members of the Senior Foreign Service who are 
serving--
          * * * * * * *
    (d) The President may grant awards of performance pay under 
subsection (b)(3) on the basis of annual recommendations by the 
Secretary of State of members of the Senior Foreign Service who 
are nominated by their agencies as having performed especially 
meritorious or distinguished service. Recommendations by the 
Secretary of State under this subsection shall be made on the 
basis of recommendations by special interagency selection 
boards established by the Secretary of State for the purpose of 
reviewing and evaluating the nominations of agencies.
    (e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Secretary of State may provide for recognition of the 
meritorious or distinguished service of a member of the Foreign 
Service described in subsection (a) (including members of the 
Senior Foreign Service) by means other than an award of 
performance pay in lieu of making such an award under this 
section.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 601. * * *
    (c)(1) * * *
    (4) Not later than March 1 of each year, the Secretary of 
State shall submit a report to the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives and to the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate which shall--
          (A) describe the steps taken and planned in 
        furtherance of--
                  (i) maximum compatibility among agencies 
                utilizing the Foreign Service personnel system, 
                as provided for in section 203, and
                  (ii) the development of uniform policies and 
                procedures and consolidated personnel 
                functions, as provided for in section 204;
          (B) specify the upper and lower limits planned by 
        each such agency for recruitment, advancement, and 
        retention of members of the Service, as provided for in 
        section 601(c)(2), including, with respect to each of 
        the relevant promotion competition groups, the 
        projected ranges of rates of appointment, promotion, 
        and attrition over each of the next 5 fiscal years, as 
        well as a comparison of such projections with the 
        projections for the preceding year and with actual 
        rates of appointment, promotion, and attrition, 
        including a full explanation of any deviations from 
        projections reported in the preceding year; [and]
          (C) specify the numbers of members of the Service who 
        are assigned to positions classified under section 501 
        which are more than one grade higher or lower than the 
        personal rank of the member[.]; and
          (D) include on a biannual basis the comments of the 
        Inspector General for Foreign Affairs with respect to 
        the adequacy of the report on the matters described in 
        this paragraph.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 701.* * *
    (d)(1) The Secretary of State is authorized to provide for 
special professional foreign affairs training and instruction 
of employees of foreign governments through the institution.
    (2) Training and instruction under paragraph (1) shall be 
on a reimbursable or advance-of-funds basis. Such 
reimbursements or advances to the Department of State may be 
provided by an agency of the United States Government or by a 
foreign government and shall be credited to the currently 
available applicable appropriation account.
    (3) In making such training available to employees of 
foreign governments, priority consideration should be given to 
officials of newly emerging democratic nations and then to such 
other countries as the Secretary determines to be in the 
national interest of the United States.
    (e)(1)) The Secretary is authorized to provide appropriate 
training through the institution to employees of United States 
companies that are engaged in business abroad, and to the 
families of such employees, when such training is in the 
national interest of the United States.
    (2) In the case of companies that are under contract to 
provide services to the Department of State, the Secretary is 
authorized to provide job-related training to the companies' 
employees who are performing such services.
    (3) Training under this subsection shall be on a 
reimbursable or advance-of-funds basis. Such reimbursements or 
advances shall be credited to the currently available 
applicable appropriation account.
    (4) Training under this subsection is authorized only to 
the extent that it will not interfere with the institution's 
primary mission of training employees of the Department and of 
other agencies in the field of foreign relations.
    (f)(1) The Secretary is authorized to provide on a 
reimbursable basis foreign language training programs to 
Members of Congress.
    (2) Nonexecutive branch staff members may participate on 
reimbursable, space-available basis in foreign language 
programs offered by the institution.
    (3) Reimbursements collected under this subsection shall be 
credited to the currently available applicable appropriation 
account.
    [(4)](g) The authorities of section 704 shall apply to 
training and instruction provided under this section.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 904. Health Care.--(a) The Secretary of State shall 
establish a health care program to promote and maintain the 
physical and mental health of members of the Service, and (when 
incident to service abroad) other designated eligible 
Government employees, [and] members of the families of such 
members and employees, and (for care provided abroad) such 
other persons as are designated by the Secretary of State, 
except that such persons shall be considered persons other than 
covered beneficiaries for purposes of subsections (g) and (h).
          * * * * * * *
    (d) If an individual eligible for health care under this 
section incurs an illness, injury, or medical condition which 
requires treatment while assigned to a post abroad located 
overseas pursuant to Government authorization, the Secretary 
may pay the cost of such treatment (subject to the provisions 
of subsections (g) and (h).)
          * * * * * * *
    (f) The Secretary of State shall review on a continuing 
basis the health care program provided for in this section. 
Whenever the Secretary of State determines that all or any part 
of such program can be provided for as well and as cheaply in 
other ways, the Secretary may, for such individuals, locations, 
and conditions as the Secretary of State deems appropriate, 
contract for health care pursuant to such arrangements as the 
Secretary deems appropriate.
    (g)(1) In the case of a person who is a covered 
beneficiary, the Secretary of State is authorized to collect 
from a third party payer the reasonable costs incurred by the 
Department of State on behalf of such person for health care 
services to the same extent that the covered beneficiary would 
be eligible to receive reimbursement or indemnification from 
the third party payer for such costs.
    (2) If the insurance policy, plan, contract, or similar 
agreement of that third party payer includes a requirement for 
a deductible or copayment by the beneficiary of the plan, then 
the Secretary of State may collect from the third party payer 
only the reasonable cost of the care provided less the 
deductible or copayment amount.
    (3) A covered beneficiary shall not be required to pay any 
deductible or copayment for health care services under this 
subsection.
    (4) No provision of any insurance, medical service, or 
health plan contract or agreement having the effect of 
excluding from coverage or limiting payment of charges for care 
in the following circumstances shall operate to prevent 
collection by the Secretary of State under paragraph (1):
          (A) Care provided directly or indirectly by a 
        governmental entity.
          (B) Care provided to an individual who has not paid a 
        required deductible or copayment.
          (C) Care provided by a provider with which the third 
        party payer has no participation agreement.
    (5) No law of any State, or of any political subdivision of 
a State, and no provision of any contract or agreement, shall 
operate to prevent or hinder recovery or collection by the 
United States under this section.
    (6) As to the authority provided in paragraph (1) of this 
subsection--
          (A) the United States shall be subrogated to any 
        right or claim that the covered beneficiary may have 
        against a third party payer;
          (B) the United States may institute and prosecute 
        legal proceedings against a third party payer to 
        enforce a right of the United States under this 
        subsection; and
          (C) the Secretary may compromise, settle, or waive a 
        claim of the United States under this subsection.
    (7) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the 
administration of this subsection and subsection (h). Such 
regulations shall provide for computation of the reasonable 
cost of health care services.
    (8) Regulations prescribed under this subsection shall 
provide that medical records of a covered beneficiary receiving 
health care under this subsection shall be made available for 
inspection and review by representatives of the payer from 
which collection by the United States is sought for the sole 
purpose of permitting the third party to verify--
          (A) that the care or services for which recovery or 
        collection is sought were furnished to the covered 
        beneficiary; and
          (B) that the provision of such care or services to 
        the covered beneficiary meets criteria generally 
        applicable under the health plan contract involved, 
        except that this subsection shall be subject to the 
        provisions of paragraphs (2) and (4).
    (9) Amounts collected under this subsection or under 
subsection (h) from a third party payer or from any other payer 
shall be deposited as an offsetting collection to any 
Department of State appropriation and shall remain available 
until expended.
    (10) In this section:
          (A) The term ``covered beneficiary'' means an 
        individual eligible to receive health care under this 
        section whose health care costs are to be paid by a 
        third party payer under a contractual agreement with 
        such payer.
          (B) The term ``services'' as used in `health care 
        services' includes products.
          (C) The term ``third party payer'' means an entity 
        that provides a fee-for-service insurance policy, 
        contract or similar agreement through the Federal 
        Employees Health Benefit program, under which the 
        expenses of health care services for individuals are 
        paid.
    (h) In the case of a person, other than a covered 
beneficiary, who receives health care services pursuant to this 
section, the Secretary of State is authorized to collect from 
such person the reasonable costs of health care services 
incurred by the Department of State on behalf of such person. 
The United States shall have the same rights against persons 
subject to the provisions of this subsection as against third 
party payers covered by subsection (g).
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 1017. * * *
          * * * * * * *
    (e) (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
chapter--
          (A) participation in the management of a labor 
        organization for purposes of collective bargaining or 
        acting as a representative of a labor organization for 
        such purposes is prohibited under this chapter--
          * * * * * * *
    [(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(A)(ii) and paragraph 
(1)(B), the term ``management official'' shall not include 
chiefs of mission, principal officers and their deputies, and 
administrative and personnel officers abroad.]
    (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(A)(ii) and paragraph 
1(B), the term `management official' does not include chiefs of 
mission, principal officers or their deputies, administrative 
and personnel officers abroad, or individuals described in 
section 1002(12)(B), (C), and (D) who are not involved in the 
administration of this chapter or in the formulation of the 
personnel policies and programs of the Department.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 1108. * * *
          * * * * * * *
    (e) The grievant in any case decided by the Board shall 
have access to the record of the proceedings and the decision 
of the Board.
    (f) As used in this section, the term ``agency records'' 
does not include records created or maintained by the Office of 
the Inspector General of the employing agency. That Office may, 
in its discretion, provide the Board records or information 
relevant to a grievance.

                   The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 116. Human Rights.--(a) No assistance may be provided 
under this part to the government of any country which engages 
in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally 
recognized human rights, including torture or cruel, inhuman, 
or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention 
without charges, causing the disappearance of persons by the 
abduction and clandestine detention of those persons, or other 
flagrant denial of the right to life, liberty, and the security 
of person, unless such assistance will directly benefit the 
needy people in such country.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) In determining whether or not a government falls within 
the provisions of subsection (a) of this section and in 
formulating development assistance programs under subchapter I 
of this chapter, the Administrator shall consider, in 
consultation with the [Assistant Secretary of State for 
Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor] Secretary--
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 122. General Authorities.--(a) In order to carry out 
the purposes of this chapter, the President is authorized to 
furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may 
determine, to countries and areas through programs of grant and 
loan assistance, bilaterally or through regional, multilateral, 
or private entities.
          * * * * * * *
    (e) The President shall establish an interagency 
Development Loan Committee, consisting of such officers from 
such agencies of the United States Government as he may 
determine, which shall, under the direction of the President, 
establish standards and criteria for lending operations under 
this chapter in accordance with the foreign and financial 
policies of the United States. The Secretary of State shall 
serve as Chairman of the Committee. Except in the case of 
officers serving in positions to which they were appointed by 
the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 
officers assigned to the Committee shall be so assigned by the 
President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 239. General Provisions and Powers.--(a) The 
Corporation shall have its principal office in the District of 
Columbia and shall be deemed, for purposes of venue in civil 
actions, to be resident thereof.
          * * * * * * *
    (e) The [Inspector General of the Agency for International 
Development] Inspector General for Foreign Affairs (1) may 
conduct reviews, investigations, and inspections of all phases 
of the Corporation's operations and activities and (2) shall 
conduct all security activities of the Corporation relating to 
personnel and the control of classified material. With respect 
to his responsibilities under this subsection, the Inspector 
General shall report to the Board. The agency primarily 
responsible for administering part I shall be reimbursed by the 
Corporation for all expenses incurred by the Inspector General 
in connection with his responsibilities under this subsection.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 488. Limitation on Acquisition of Real Property and 
Construction of Real Property.--(a) Acquisition of Real 
Property.--
          * * * * * * *
          (3) Report.--The Secretary of State shall provide to 
        the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
        of the Senate within 30 days after the end of each 
        [quarter of the] fiscal year a detailed report on all 
        leases entered into pursuant to paragraph (2), 
        including the cost and duration of such lease, a 
        description of the property leased, and the purpose for 
        which such lease was entered into.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 502B. Human Rights.--(a)(1) The United States shall, 
in accordance with its international obligations as set forth 
in the Charter of the United Nations and in keeping with the 
constitutional heritage and traditions of the United States, 
promote and encourage increased respect for human rights and 
fundamental freedoms throughout the world without distinction 
as to race, sex, language, or religion. Accordingly, a 
principal goal of the foreign policy of the United States shall 
be to promote the increased observance of internationally 
recognized human rights by all countries.
          * * * * * * *
    (b) The Secretary of State shall transmit to the Congress, 
as part of the presentation materials for security assistance 
programs proposed for each fiscal year, a full and complete 
report [prepared with the assistance of the Assistant Secretary 
of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor,] with respect 
to practices regarding the observance of and respect for 
internationally recognized human rights in each country 
proposed as a recipient of security assistance. Wherever 
applicable, such report shall include information on practices 
regarding coercion in population control, including coerced 
abortion and involuntary sterilization. In determining whether 
a government falls within the provisions of subsection (a)(3) 
of this section and in the preparation of any report or 
statement required under this section, consideration shall be 
given to--
          * * * * * * *
    (c)(1) Upon the request of the Senate or the House of 
Representatives by resolution of either such House, or upon the 
request of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate or 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives, the Secretary of State shall, within thirty 
days after receipt of such request, transmit to both such 
committees a statement [, prepared with the assistance of the 
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and 
Labor,] with respect to the country designated in such request, 
setting forth--
          * * * * * * *
    (g)(1) * * *
    (4)(A) Upon the request of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate or the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives, the President shall, within 60 
days after receipt of such request, transmit to both such 
committees a statement [prepared with the assistance of the 
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and 
Labor,] with respect to the country designated in such request, 
setting forth--
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 573. Specific Authorities and Limitations.--(a) 
Notwithstanding section 660 of this Act, services and 
commodities may be granted for the purposes of this chapter to 
eligible foreign countries, subject to reimbursement of the 
value thereof (within the meaning of section 644(m)) pursuant 
to section 632 of this Act from funds available to carry out 
this chapter.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) The [Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human 
Rights, and Labor] Secretary of State shall be consulted in the 
development and implementation of the antiterrorism assistance 
program under this part, including determinations of the 
foreign countries that will be furnished assistance under this 
part and determinations of the nature of assistance to be 
furnished to each such country.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 621. Exercise of Functions.--(a) The President may 
exercise any functions conferred upon him by this Act through 
such agency or officer of the United States Government as he 
shall direct, except that functions conferred upon the 
President in part I of this Act may be exercised by the 
Secretary of State. The [head of any such agency] Secretary of 
State and any other head of any such agency or such officer may 
from time to time promulgate such rules and regulations as may 
be necessary to carry out such functions and may delegate 
authority to perform any such functions, including, if he shall 
so specify, the authority successively to redelegate any of 
such functions to any of his subordinates. In providing 
technical assistance under this Act, the [head of any such 
agency] Secretary of State and any other head of any such 
agency or such officer shall utilize, to the fullest extent 
practicable, goods and professional and other services from 
private enterprise on a contract basis. In such fields as 
education, health, housing, or agriculture, the facilities and 
resources of other Federal agencies shall be utilized when such 
facilities are particularly or uniquely suitable for technical 
assistance, are not competitive with private enterprise, and 
can be made available without interfering unduly with domestic 
programs.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 624. Statutory Officers.--(a) The President, may 
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 
twelve officers in the agency primarily responsible for 
administering part I, * * * [Repealed--1964]
          [(1) * * * [Repealed--1964]
          [(2) * * * [Repealed--1964]
          [(3) * * * [Repealed--1964] and in the selection of 
        one of such persons due consideration shall be given to 
        persons qualified as professional engineers.
    [(b) Within the limitations established by subsection (a) 
of this section, the President may fix the rate of 
compensation, and may designate the title of, any officer 
appointed pursuant to the authority contained in that 
subsection. The President may also fix the order of succession 
among the officers provided for in subsection (a) of this 
section in the event of the absence, death, resignation, or 
disability of one or more of said officers.
    [(c) Any person who was appointed by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, to any statutory position authorized 
by any provision of law repealed by section 642(a) and who is 
serving in one of such positions at the time of transfer of 
functions pursuant to subsections (c) and (d) of section 621, 
may be appointed by the President to a comparable position 
authorized by subsection (a) of this section on the date of the 
establishment of the agency primarily responsible for 
administering part I, without further action by the Senate.
    [(d) * * * [Repealed--1978]
    [(e) In addition to the officers otherwise provided for in 
this section, the President shall appoint, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, one officer for the purpose 
of coordinating security assistance programs]
          * * * * * * *
    [Sec. 626. Experts, Consultants, and Retired Officers.--(a) 
Experts and consultants or organizations thereof may, as 
authorized by section 3109 of title 5 of the United States 
Code, be employed for the performance of functions under this 
Act, and individuals so employed may be compensated at rates 
not in excess of the daily equivalent of the highest rate which 
may be paid to an employee under the General Schedule 
established by section 5332 of title 5, United States Code. and 
while away from their homes or regular places of business, they 
may be paid actual travel expenses and per diem in lieu of 
subsistence at the applicable rate prescribed in the 
standardized Government travel regulations, as amended from 
time to time. Contracts for such employment with such 
organizations, employment of personnel as experts and 
consultants, not to exceed ten in number, contracts for such 
employment of retired military personnel with specialized 
research and development experience, not to exceed ten in 
number, and contracts for such employment of retired military 
personnel with specialized experience of a broad politico-
military nature, not to exceed five in number, may be renewed 
annually.
    [(b) Service of an individual as an expert or consultant 
under subsection (a) of this section shall not be considered as 
employment or holding of office or position bringing such 
individual within the provisions of section 3323(a) of title 5 
of the United States Code.]
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 634. Annual Report.--(a) In order that the Congress 
and the American people may be better and more currently 
informed regarding American foreign policy and the 
effectiveness of assistance provided by the United States 
Government to other countries and to international 
organizations, and [Chairman of the Development Coordination 
Committee] Secretary of State shall prepare and transmit to the 
Congress, no later than February 1 of each year, as a part of 
the annual presentation materials for foreign assistance, a 
report as described in this subsection. This report shall 
include--
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 640B. Coordination.--(a) The President shall establish 
a system for coordination of United States policies and 
programs which affect United States interests in the 
development of low-income countries. To that end, the President 
shall establish a Development Coordination Committee which 
shall advise him with respect to coordination of United States 
policies and programs affecting the development of the 
developing countries, including programs of bilateral and 
multilateral development assistance. The Committee shall 
include the [head of the agency primarily responsible for 
administering part I, Chairman, and representatives of the 
Departments of State,] Secretary of State, Treasury, Commerce, 
Agriculture, Energy, and Labor, the Executive Office of the 
President and other executive departments and agencies, as the 
President shall designate. The Committee shall advise the 
President concerning the degree to which bilateral and 
multilateral development assistance should focus on critical 
problems in those functional sectors which affect the lives of 
the majority of people in the developing countries: food 
production; rural development and nutrition; population 
planning and health; and education, public administration, and 
human resource development.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 667. Operating Expenses.--(a) There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the President, in addition to funds 
otherwise available for such purposes--
          [(1) $387,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and 
        $387,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987 for necessary 
        operating expenses of the agency primarily responsible 
        for administering part 1 of this Act of which 
        $21,750,000 for the fiscal year 1987 is authorized for 
        the necessary operating expenses of the Office of the 
        Inspector General of the Agency for International 
        Development and the remaining amount for the fiscal 
        year is authorized for other necessary operating 
        expenses of that agency and]
          (1) $432,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and 
        $389,000,000 for 1997 for necessary operating expenses 
        of the agency primarily responsible for administering 
        part I of this Act (other than the office of the 
        inspector general of such agency); [and]
          (2) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $31,500,000 
        for fiscal 1997 for necessary operating expenses of the 
        office of the inspector general of such agency; and
          [(2)] (3) such amounts as may be necessary for 
        increases in salary, pay, retirement, and other 
        employee benefits authorized by law, and for other 
        nondiscretionary costs of such agency.
    (b) Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized 
to remain available until expended.

         Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979

    Sec. 202. The [mission of the United States Information 
Agency] mission of the Department of State in carrying out its 
information, educational, and cultural functions shall be to 
further the national interest by improving United States 
relations with other countries and peoples through the broadest 
possible sharing of ideas, information, and educational and 
cultural activities. In carrying out this mission, the [United 
States Information Agency] Department of State shall, among 
other activities--
          (1) conduct Government-sponsored information, 
        educational, and cultural activities designed--
                  (A) to provide other peoples with a better 
                understanding of the policies, values, 
                institutions, and culture of the United States; 
                and
                  (B) within the statutory limits governing 
                domestic activities of the [Agency] Department, 
                to enhance understanding on the part of the 
                Government and people of the United States of 
                the history, culture, attitudes, perceptions, 
                and aspirations of others;
          * * * * * * *
          (5) promote United States participation in 
        international events relevant to the [mission of the 
        Agency] mission described in this section.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 503. (a) * * *
    [(b) The President shall study and not later than January 
31, 1980, and not later than January 31 of each year 
thereafter, shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of the 
House of Representatives and the Committees on Foreign 
Relations and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report 
containing information and \20\ recommendations with respect 
to--
          [(1) personnel requirements, and standards and 
        training for service of officers and employees of the 
        United States Government, with respect to assignments 
        in any Federal agency which involve foreign relations 
        and science or technology;
          [(2) the continuation of existing bilateral and 
        multilateral activities and agreements primarily 
        involving science and technology, including (A) an 
        analysis of the foreign policy implications and the 
        scientific and technological benefits of such 
        activities or agreements for the United States and 
        other parties, (B) the adequacy of the funding for and 
        administration of such activities and agreements, and 
        (C) plans for future evaluation of such activities and 
        agreements on a routine basis; and
          [(3) equity of access by United States public and 
        private entities to public (and publicly supported 
        private) research and development opportunities and 
        facilities in each country which is a major trading 
        partner of the United States.]
    Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 208. BAN ON DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES BY THE USIA.

    Except as provided in section 501 of the United States 
Information and Education Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1461) 
and this section, no funds authorized to be appropriated to the 
[United States Information Agency] Department of State shall be 
used to influence public opinion in the United States, and no 
program material prepared by the [United States Information 
Agency] Department of State in carrying out international 
information, educational, and cultural activities comparable to 
those previously administered by the United States Information 
Agency shall be distributed within the United States. This 
section shall not apply to programs carried out pursuant to the 
Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2451 et seq.). The provisions of this section shall not 
prohibit the United States Information Agency from responding 
to inquiries from members of the public about its operations, 
policies, or programs.

SEC. 603. SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--The President, acting through the [United 
States Information Agency] Department of State, shall provide 
scholarships (including partial assistance) for undergraduate 
study at United States institutions of higher education by 
citizens and nationals of developing countries who have 
completed their secondary education and who would not otherwise 
have an opportunity to study in the United States due to 
financial limitations.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 604. GUIDELINES.

    The scholarship program under this title shall be carried 
out in accordance with the following guidelines:
          (1) Consistent with section 112(b) of the Mutual 
        Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 
        U.S.C. 2460(b)), all programs created pursuant to this 
        title shall be nonpolitical and balanced, and shall be 
        administered in keeping with the highest standards of 
        academic integrity.
          * * * * * * *
          (11) The [United States Information Agency] 
        Department of State shall recommend to each student, 
        who receives a scholarship under this title for study 
        at a college or university, that the student enroll in 
        a course on the classics of American political thought 
        or which otherwise emphasizes the ideas, principles, 
        and documents upon which the United States was founded.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 606. POLICY REGARDING OTHER INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS.

    (a) AID-Funded Programs.--The Congress urges the 
administrator of the agency primarily responsible for 
administering part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, in 
implementing programs authorized under that part, to increase 
assistance for undergraduate scholarships for students of 
limited financial means from developing countries to study in 
the United States at United States institutions of higher 
education. To the maximum extent practicable, such scholarship 
assistance shall be furnished in accordance with the guidelines 
contained in section 604 of this title.
    (b) [USIA]-State Department-Funded Postgraduate Study in 
the United States.--The Congress urges the [Director of the 
United States Information Agency] Secretary of State to expand 
opportunities for students of limited financial means from 
developing countries to receive financial assistance for 
postgraduate study at United States institutions of higher 
education.
          * * * * * * *
SEC. 609. GENERAL AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Public and Private Sector Contributions.--The public 
and private sectors in the United States and in the developing 
countries shall be encouraged to contribute to the costs of the 
scholarship program financed under this title.
          * * * * * * *
    (e) Other Activities to Promote Improved Understanding.--
Funds allocated by the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State, or the agency primarily responsible for 
carrying out part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, for 
scholarships in accordance with this title shall be available 
to enhance the educational training and capabilities of the 
people of Latin America and the Caribbean and to promote better 
understanding between the United States and Latin America and 
the Caribbean through programs of cooperation, study, training, 
and research. Such funds may be used for program and 
administrative costs for institutions carrying out such 
programs.

    Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 142. AUTHORITY TO INVEST AND RECOVER EXPENSES FROM INTERNATIONAL 
                    CLAIMS SETTLEMENT FUNDS.

    (a) * * *
    (b) Authority To Accept Reimbursements.--The Department of 
State Appropriation Act of 1937 (49 Stat. 1321, 22 U.S.C. 2661) 
is amended under the heading entitled ``international fisheries 
commission'' by inserting after the fourth undesignated 
paragraph the following new paragraph:
    ``The Secretary of State is authorized to accept 
reimbursement from corporations, firms, and individuals for the 
expenses of travel, translation, printing, special experts, and 
other [extraordinary] expenses incurred in pursuing a claim on 
their behalf against a foreign government or other foreign 
entity. Such reimbursements shall be credited to the 
appropriation account against which the expense was initially 
charged.''.

    Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 235. CONTINUING CONTRACT AUTHORITY FOR SELECTED VOICE OF AMERICA 
                    RADIO FACILITIES.

    The Director of the United States Information Agency may 
enter into a contract for the construction of the Voice of 
America's Thailand, Sri Lanka, Sao Tome, Tinian, and Kuwait 
radio facilities for periods not in excess of 5 years or 
delegate such authority to the Corps of Engineers of the United 
States Department of the Army if there are sufficient funds to 
cover at least the Government's liability for payments for the 
fiscal year in which the contract is awarded plus the full 
amount of estimated cancellation costs.

    Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 122. ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR SOUTH ASIAN AFFAIRS.

    [(a) Establishment of Position.--There is established in 
the Department of State the position of Assistant Secretary of 
State for South Asian Affairs.
    [(b) Appointment.--The Assistant Secretary shall be 
appointed by the president, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate.]
          * * * * * * *
    [(e) Implementation.--In order to carry out this section, 
the Secretary of State shall reprogram the position of Deputy 
Assistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs.]
          * * * * * * *
SEC. 208. CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE BETWEEN NORTH 
                    AND SOUTH.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``North/
South Center Act of 1991''.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to promote 
better relations between the United States and the nations of 
Latin America and the Caribbean and Canada through cooperative 
study, training, and research, by supporting in Florida a 
Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between North and 
South where scholars and students in various fields from the 
nations of the hemisphere may study, give and receive training, 
exchange ideas and views, and conduct other activities 
consistent with the objectives of the Mutual Educational and 
Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 and other Acts promoting 
international, educational, cultural, scientific, and related 
activities of the United States.
    (c) North/South Center.--In order to carry out the purpose 
of this section, the [Director of the United States Information 
Agency] Secretary of State shall provide for the operation in 
Florida of an educational institution known as the North/South 
Center, through arrangements with public, educational, or other 
nonprofit institutions.
    (d) Authorities.--The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State, in carrying out this 
section, may utilize the authorities of the Mutual Educational 
and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961. Section 704(b) of the Mutual 
Security Act of 1960 (22 U.S.C. 2056(b)) shall apply in the 
administration of this section. In order to carry out the 
purposes of this section, the North/South Center is authorized 
to use funds made available under this section to acquire 
property and facilities, by construction, lease, or purchase.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
to be appropriated $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1992 and 
$10,000,000 for each subsequent fiscal year to carry out this 
section. Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized 
to be available until expended.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 212. USIA GRANTS.

    (a) Competitive Grant Procedures.--Except as provided in 
subsection (b), the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State, in carrying out its international 
information, educational, and cultural functions, shall work to 
achieve full and open competition in the award of grants.
    (b) Exceptions.--The [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State may award a grant under procedures other 
than competitive procedures when--
          (1) a grant is made under the Mutual Educational and 
        Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (commonly known as the 
        Fulbright-Hayes Act) or any statute which expressly 
        authorizes or requires that a grant be made with a 
        specific entity;
          (2) the terms of an international agreement or treaty 
        between the United States Government and a foreign 
        government or international organization have the 
        effect of requiring the use of procedures other than 
        competitive procedures;
          (3) a recipient organization has developed particular 
        expertise in the planning and administration of 
        longstanding exchange programs important to United 
        States foreign policy; or
          (4) introducing competition would increase costs.
    (c) Compliance With Grant Guidelines.--
          (1) After October 1, 1991, grants awarded by the 
        [United States Information Agency shall substantially 
        comply with United States Information Agency] 
        Department of State, in carrying out its international 
        information, educational, and cultural functions, shall 
        substantially comply with Department of State grant 
        guidelines and applicable circulars of the Office of 
        Management and Budget.
          (2) If the [Agency] Department determines that a 
        grantee has not satisfied the requirement of paragraph 
        (1), the [United States Information Agency] Department 
        of State shall notify the grantee of the suspension of 
        payments under a grant unless compliance is achieved 
        within 90 days of such notice.
          (3) The [Agency] Department shall suspend payments 
        under any grant which remains in noncompliance 90 days 
        after notification under paragraph (2).
    [(d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the United 
States Information Agency shall submit a detailed report to the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives on United 
States Information Agency action to comply with subsection 
(a).]
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 227. LAW AND BUSINESS TRAINING PROGRAM FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS FROM 
                    [THE SOVIET UNION, LITHUANIA, LATVIA, AND ESTONIA.] 
                    CERTAIN EURASIAN COUNTRIES.

    (a) Statement of Purpose.--The purpose of this section is 
to establish a scholarship program designed to bring students 
from the [Soviet Union, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia] former 
Soviet Union, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Albania, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, 
and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the United 
States for study in the United States.
    (b) Scholarship Program Authority.--Subject to the 
availability of appropriations under subsection (d), the 
President, acting through the [United States Information 
Agency] Department of State, shall provide scholarships 
(including partial assistance) for study at United States 
institutions of higher education together with private and 
public sector internships by nationals of the [Soviet Union, 
Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia] countries specified in 
subsection (a) who have completed their undergraduate education 
and would not otherwise have the opportunity to study in the 
United States due to financial limitations.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Guidelines.--The scholarship program under this section 
shall be carried out in accordance with the following 
guidelines:
          (1) Consistent with section 112(b) of the Mutual 
        Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 
        U.S.C. 2460(b)), all programs created pursuant to this 
        Act shall be nonpolitical and balanced, and shall be 
        administered in keeping with the highest standards of 
        academic integrity and cost-effectiveness.
          * * * * * * *
          (5) Each participant shall be selected on the basis 
        of academic and leadership potential [in the fields of 
        business administration, economics, law, or public 
        administration. Scholarship opportunities shall be 
        limited to fields that are critical to economic reform 
        and political development in the Soviet Union, 
        Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, particularly business 
        administration, economics, law, or public 
        administration.] in the fields of business 
        administration, economics, journalism, law, library and 
        information science, public administration, and public 
        policy.
          * * * * * * *
          (11) The program shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, offer equal opportunities for students 
        from each of the [Soviet republics, Lithuania, Latvia, 
        and Estonia] countries specified in subsection (a).
          * * * * * * *
    [(d) Funding of Scholarships for Fiscal Year 1992 and 
Fiscal Year 1993.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the United States Information Agency $7,000,000 for fiscal year 
1992, and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, to carry out this 
section.]
    (e) Compliance with Congressional Budget Act.--Any 
authority provided by this section shall be effective only to 
the extent and in such amounts as are provided in advance in 
appropriation Acts.

     Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995

          * * * * * * *

[SEC. 106. UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY.] SEC. 
                    106. DEPARTMENT OF STATE ARMS CONTROL AND 
                    DISARMAMENT ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary of State to carry out the 
purposes of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act--
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 135. CAPITAL INVESTMENT FUND.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established within the 
Department of State a Capital Investment Fund to provide for 
the procurement and Upgrade of information technology and other 
related capital investments for the Department of State and to 
ensure the efficient management, coordination, operation, and 
utilization of such resources.
    (b) Funding.--Funds otherwise available for the purposes of 
subsection (a) may be deposited in such Fund.
    (c) Availability.--Amounts deposited into the Fund [are 
authorized to] shall remain available until expended.
    (d) Expenditures From the Fund.--Amounts deposited in the 
Fund shall be [available for expenditure to procure capital 
equipment and information technology.] for the purposes of 
subsection (a).
    (e) Reprogramming Procedures.--Funds credited to the 
Capital Investment Fund shall be treated as a reprogramming of 
funds under section 34 of the State Department Basic 
Authorities Act of 1956 [(22 U.S.C. 2710) and shall not be 
available for obligation or expenditure except in compliance 
with the procedures applicable to such reprogrammings].
          * * * * * * *

                PART C--DEPARTMENT OF STATE ORGANIZATION

SEC. 161. ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

    (a) * * *
    [(f) Deputy Assistant Secretary for Burdensharing.--
          [(1) Establishment.--None of the funds authorized to 
        be appropriated by this Act shall be available for 
        obligation or expenditure during fiscal year 1995 
        unless, not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State has 
        established within the Department of State the position 
        of Deputy Assistant Secretary for Burdensharing, the 
        incumbent of which shall be an official of 
        ambassadorial rank, appointed by the President by and 
        with the advice and consent of the Senate.
          [(2) Responsibilities.--The Deputy Assistant 
        Secretary for Burdensharing shall perform such duties 
        and exercise such authorities as the Secretary of State 
        shall prescribe, including the principal duty of 
        negotiations for the following:
                  [(A) Increased in-kind and financial support 
                (including increased payment of basing costs) 
                by countries allied to the United States for 
                Department of Defense military units and 
                personnel assigned to permanent duty ashore 
                outside the United States in support of the 
                security of such countries.
                  [(B) Recoupment of funds associated with 
                financial commitments from such countries for 
                paying the United States the residual value of 
                United States facilities in such countries that 
                the United States relinquishes to such 
                countries upon the termination of the use of 
                such facilities by the United States.]
          * * * * * * *
                   PART C--MIKE MANSFIELD FELLOWSHIPS

SEC. 251. SHORT TITLE.

    This part may be cited as the ``Mike Mansfield Fellowship 
Act''.

SEC. 252. ESTABLISHMENT OF FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.

    [(a) Establishment.--(1) There is hereby established the 
``Mike Mansfield Fellowship Program'' pursuant to which the 
Director of the United States Information Agency will make 
grants, subject to the availability of appropriations, to the 
Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs to award fellowships to 
eligible United States citizens for period of 2 years each (or, 
pursuant to section 253(5)(C), for such shorter period of time 
as the Center may determine based on a Fellow's level of 
proficiency in the Japanese language or knowledge of the 
political economy of Japan) as follows:
          [(A) During the first year each fellowship recipient 
        will study the Japanese language as well as Japan's 
        political economy.
          [(B) During the second year each fellowship recipient 
        will serve as a fellow in a parliamentary office, 
        ministry, or other agency of the Government of Japan 
        or, subject to the approval of the Center, a 
        nongovernmental Japanese institution associated with 
        the interests of the fellowship recipient, and the 
        agency of the United States Government from which the 
        fellow originated, consistent with the purposes of this 
        part.
    [(2) Fellowships under this part may be known as 
``Mansfield Fellowships'', and individuals awarded such 
fellowships may be known as ``Mansfield Fellows''.
          * * * * * * *

        TITLE III--UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING ACT

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``United States 
International Broadcasting Act of 1994''.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 304. ESTABLISHMENT OF BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS.

    (a) Establishment.--There is hereby established within the 
[United States Information Agency] Department of State a 
Broadcasting Board of Governors (hereinafter in this chapter 
referred to as the ``Board'').
    (b) Composition of the Board.--(1) The Board shall consist 
of 9 members, as follows:
          (A) 8 voting members who shall be appointed by the 
        President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
        Senate.
          (B) the [Director of the United States Information 
        Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy, 
        who shall also be a voting member.
    (2) The President shall designate one member (other than 
the [Director of the United States Information Agency] Under 
Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy as Chairman of the 
Board.
    (3) Exclusive of the [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy, not more than 4 of the members of the Board 
appointed by the President shall be of the same political 
party.
    (c) Term of office.--The term of office of each member of 
the Board shall be three years, except that the [Director of 
the United States Information Agency] Under Secretary of State 
for Public Diplomacy, shall remain a member of the Board during 
the [Director's] Under Secretary's term of service. Of the 
other 8 voting members, the initial terms of office of two 
members shall be one year, and the initial terms of office of 3 
other members shall be two years, as determined by the 
President. The President shall appoint, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, Board members to fill vacancies 
occurring prior to the expiration of a term, in which case the 
members so appointed shall serve for the remainder of such 
term. Any member whose term has expired may serve until a 
successor has been appointed and qualified. When there is no 
[Director of the United States Information Agency, the acting 
Director of the agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy, the acting Under Secretary shall serve as a member 
of the Board until a [Director] Under Secretary of State for 
Public Diplomacy is appointed.
          * * * * * * *
    (e) Compensation.--Members of the Board, while attending 
meetings of the Board or while engaged in duties relating to 
such meeting or in other activities of the Board pursuant to 
this section (including travel time) shall be entitled to 
receive compensation equal to the daily equivalent of the 
compensation prescribed for level IV of the Executive Schedule 
under section 5315 of Title 5. While away from their homes or 
regular places of business, members of the Board may be allowed 
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as 
authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5703) for persons in the Government 
service employed intermittently. The [Director of the United 
States Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy shall not be entitled to any compensation under this 
chapter, but may be allowed travel expenses as provided under 
this subsection.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 305. AUTHORITIES OF THE BOARD

    (a) Authorities.--The Board shall have the following 
authorities:
          (1) To direct and supervise all broadcasting 
        activities conducted pursuant to this title (including 
        activities of the Voice of America previously carried 
        out by the United States Information Agency), the Radio 
        Broadcasting to Cuba Act, and the Television 
        Broadcasting to Cuba Act.
          * * * * * * *
          (9) To submit to the President and the Congress, 
        through the [Director of the United States Information 
        Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy, 
        an annual report which summarizes and evaluates 
        activities under this chapter, the Radio Broadcasting 
        to Cuba Act, and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba 
        Act.
          * * * * * * *
    (b) Broadcasting Budgets.--
          (1) The [Director of the Bureau] Director of the 
        Office and the grantees identified in sections 308 and 
        309 shall submit proposed budgets to the Board. The 
        Board shall forward its recommendations concerning the 
        proposed budget for the Board and broadcasting 
        activities under this title, the Radio Broadcasting to 
        Cuba Act, and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act 
        to the [Director of the United States Information 
        Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy 
        for the consideration of the [Director] Under Secretary 
        of State for Public Diplomacy as a part of the 
        [Agency's] Department's budget submission to the Office 
        of Management and Budget.
          (2) The [Director of the United States Information 
        Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy 
        shall include in the [Agency's] Department's submission 
        to the Office of Management and Budget the comments and 
        recommendations of the Board concerning the proposed 
        broadcasting budget.
    (c) Implementation.--The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy, and the Board, in carrying out their functions, 
shall respect the professional independence and integrity of 
the International Broadcasting Bureau, its broadcasting 
services, and grantees.

SEC. 306. FOREIGN POLICY GUIDANCE.

    To assist the Board in carrying out its functions, the 
Secretary of State, acting through the [Director of the United 
States Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy, shall provide information and guidance on foreign 
policy issues to the Board.
SEC. 307. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING BUREAU.

    (a) Establishment.--There is hereby established an 
International Broadcasting [Bureau] Office within the [United 
States Information Agency] Department of State (hereafter in 
this title referred to as the [Bureau] Office), to carry out 
all nonmilitary international broadcasting activities supported 
by the United States Government other than those described in 
sections 308 and 309.
    (b) Selection of the Director of the [Bureau] Office.--
          (1) The [Director of the Bureau] Director of the 
        Office shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Board, 
        in consultation with the [Director of the United States 
        Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
        Diplomacy and with the concurrence of a majority of the 
        Board. The [Director of the Bureau] Director of the 
        Office shall be entitled to receive compensation at the 
        rate prescribed by law for level IV of the Executive 
        Schedule.
          * * * * * * *
    (g) Consolidation of Engineering Function.--For the purpose 
of achieving economies and eliminating duplication, the 
Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized 
to appoint, during 1995, up to 15 otherwise qualified United 
States citizens employed in the Office of the Vice President 
for Engineering and Technical Operations of RFE/RL, 
Incorporated, to the competitive service or the career Foreign 
Service of the United States Information Agency in accordance 
with the provisions of title 5 of the United States Code, and 
without regard to sections 301(b) and 306 of the Foreign 
Service Act of 1980, governing appointments in the Foreign 
Service. Prior service with RFE/RL, Incorporated, by an 
individual appointed under this subsection shall be credited in 
determining the length of service of the individual for 
reduction in force purposes and toward establishing the career 
tenure of the individual.
SEC. 308. LIMITS ON GRANTS FOR RADIO FREE EUROPE AND RADIO LIBERTY.

    (a) Board of RFE/RL, Incorporated.--The Board may not make 
any grant to RFE/RL, Incorporated, unless the certificate of 
incorporation of RFE/RL, Incorporated, has been amended to 
provide that--
          * * * * * * *
    (g) Grant Agreement.--Grants to RFE/RL, Incorporated, by 
the Board shall only be made in compliance with a grant 
agreement. The grant agreement shall establish guidelines for 
such grants. The grant agreement shall include the following 
provisions--
          (1) that a grant be used only for activities which 
        the Board determines are consistent with the purposes 
        of subsection (f);
          (2) that RFE/RL, Incorporated, shall otherwise comply 
        with the requirements of this section;
          (3) that failure to comply with the requirements of 
        this section may result in suspension or termination of 
        a grant without further obligation by the Board or the 
        United States;
          (4) that duplication of language services and 
        technical operations between RFE/RL, Incorporated and 
        International Broadcasting [Bureau] be reduced to the 
        extent appropriate, as determined by the Board; and
          * * * * * * *
    (i) Report on Management Practices.--(1) Effective not 
later than March 31 and September 30 of each calendar year, the 
[Inspector General of the United States Information Agency] 
Inspector General for Foreign Affairs shall submit to the 
Board, the [Director of the United States Information Agency] 
Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy, and the Congress 
a report on management practices of RFE/RL, Incorporated, under 
this section. The [Inspector General of the United States 
Information Agency] Inspector General for Foreign Affairs shall 
establish a special unit within the Inspector General's office 
to monitor and audit the activities of RFE/RL, Incorporated, 
and shall provide for on-site monitoring of such activities.
    (j) Audit Authority.--
          (1) Such financial transactions of RFE/RL, 
        Incorporated, as relate to functions carried out under 
        this section may be audited by the General Accounting 
        Office in accordance with such principles and 
        procedures and under such rules and regulations as may 
        be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United 
        States. Any such audit shall be conducted at the place 
        or places where accounts of RFE/RL, Incorporated, are 
        normally kept.
          * * * * * * *
          (3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law and 
        upon repeal of the Board for International Broadcasting 
        Act, the [Inspector General of the United States 
        Information Agency] Inspector General for Foreign 
        Affairs is authorized to exercise the authorities of 
        the Inspector General Act of 1978 with respect to RFE/
        RL, Incorporated.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 309. RADIO FREE ASIA.

    (a) Authority.--
          (1) Grants authorized under section 305 shall be 
        available to make annual grants for the purpose of 
        carrying out radio broadcasting to the following 
        countries: The People's Republic of China, Burma, 
        Cambodia, Laos, North Korea, Tibet, and Vietnam.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Submission of Detailed Plan for Radio Free Asia.--(1) 
No grant may be awarded to carry out this section unless the 
Board, through the [Director of the United States Information 
Agency] Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy, has submitted to 
Congress a detailed plan for the establishment and operation of 
Radio Free Asia, including--
          * * * * * * *
    (4) If the Board determines that a Radio Free Asia cannot 
be established or operated effectively within the funding 
limitations for this section, the Board may submit, through the 
[Director of the United States Information Agency] Under 
Secretary for Public Diplomacy, an alternative plan and such 
proposed changes in legislation as may be necessary to the 
appropriate congressional committees.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 310. TRANSITION.

    (a) Authorization.--
          (1) The President is authorized consistent with the 
        purposes of this Act to direct the transfer of all 
        functions and authorities from the Board for 
        International Broadcasting to the [United States 
        Information Agency] Department of State, the Board, or 
        the [Bureau] Office as may be necessary to implement 
        this chapter.
          (2)(A) Not later than 120 days after April 30, 1994, 
        the [Director of the United States Information Agency] 
        Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and the 
        Chairman of the Board for International Broadcasting 
        shall jointly prepare and submit to the President for 
        approval and implementation a plan to implement the 
        provisions of this chapter. Such plan shall include at 
        a minimum a detailed cost analysis to implement fully 
        the recommendations of such plan. The plan shall 
        identify all costs in excess of those authorized for 
        such purposes and shall provide that any excess cost to 
        implement the plan shall be derived only from funds 
        authorized in section 201 of this Act.
          (B) The President shall transmit copies of the 
        approved plan, together with any recommendations for 
        legislative changes that may be necessary, to the 
        appropriate congressional committees.
    (b) New Appointees.--The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy may assign employees of the Agency for service with 
RFE/RL, Incorporated, with the concurrence of the president of 
RFE/RL, Incorporated. Such assignment shall not affect the 
rights and benefits of such personnel as employees of the 
United States Information Agency.
    (c) Board for International Broadcasting Personnel.--All 
Board for International Broadcasting full-time United States 
Government personnel (except special Government employees) and 
part-time United States Government personnel holding permanent 
positions shall be transferred to the [United States 
Information Agency] Department of State, the Board, or the 
[Bureau] Office. Such transfer shall not cause any such 
employee to be separated or reduced in grade or compensation.
    (d) Other Authorities.--The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy is authorized to utilize the provisions of titles 
VIII and IX of the United States Information and Educational 
Exchange Act of 1948, and any other authority available to the 
Director on April 30, 1994, to the extent that the Director 
considers necessary in carrying out the provisions and purposes 
of this chapter.
          * * * * * * *
    (f) Savings Provisions.--
          (1) Continuing effect of legal documents.--
                  All orders, determinations, rules, 
                regulations, permits, agreements, grants, 
                contracts, certificates, licenses, 
                registrations, privileges, and other 
                administrative actions--
                          (A) Which have been issued, made, 
                        granted, or allowed to become 
                        effective, by the President, any 
                        Federal agency or official thereof, or 
                        by a court of competent jurisdiction, 
                        in the performance of functions which 
                        are transferred under this chapter; and
                          (B) which are in effect at the time 
                        this chapter, takes effect, or were 
                        final before the effective date of this 
                        chapter and are to become effective on 
                        or after the effective date of this 
                        chapter.
                shall continue in effect according to their 
                terms until modified, terminated, superseded, 
                set aside, or revoked in accordance with law by 
                the President, the [Director of the United 
                States Information Agency] Under Secretary of 
                State for Public Diplomacy or other authorized 
                official, a court of competent jurisdiction, or 
                by operation of law.
          * * * * * * *
          (5) Administrative actions relating to promulgation 
        of regulations.--Any administrative action relating to 
        the preparation or promulgation of a regulation by the 
        Board for International Broadcasting relating to a 
        function transferred under this chapter may be 
        continued by the [United States Information Agency] 
        Department of State with the same effect as if this 
        chapter had not been enacted.
          (6) References.--A reference in any provision of law, 
        reorganization plan, or other authority to the 
        Associate Director for Broadcasting of the [United 
        States Information Agency] Department of State shall be 
        considered to be a reference to the Director of the 
        International Broadcasting Bureau of the United States 
        Information Agency.
          (7) Effect on other laws.--The provisions of, and 
        authorities contained in or transferred pursuant to, 
        this chapter are not intended to repeal, limit, or 
        otherwise derogate from the authorities or functions of 
        or available to the [Director of the United States 
        Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for Public 
        Diplomacy or the Secretary of State under law, 
        reorganization plan, or otherwise, unless such 
        provision hereof--
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 311. PRESERVATION OF AMERICAN JOBS.

    It is the sense of the Congress that the [Director of the 
United States Information Agency] Under Secretary of State for 
Public Diplomacy and the Chairman of the Board for 
International Broadcasting should, in developing the plan for 
consolidation and reorganization of overseas international 
broadcasting services, limit, to the maximum extent feasible, 
consistent with the purposes of the consolidation, elimination 
of any United States-based positions and should affirmatively 
seek to transfer as many positions as possible to the United 
States.
          * * * * * * *
SEC. 314. DEFINITIONS.

    For the purposes of this title--
          (1) the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
        means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives;
          (2) the term ``RFE/RL, Incorporated'' includes--
                  (A) the corporation having the corporate 
                title described in section 307(b)(3); and
                  (B) any alternative grantee described in 
                [section 307(e)] 308(d); and
          (3) the term ``salary or other compensation'' 
        includes any deferred compensation or pension payments, 
        any payments for expenses for which the recipient is 
        not obligated to itemize, and any payments for 
        personnel services provided to an employee of RFE/RL, 
        Incorporated.
          * * * * * * *
[SEC. 404. ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS FOR UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING 
                    OPERATIONS.

    [(a) Reassessment of Contribution Percentages.--The 
Permanent Representative of the United States to the United 
Nations should make every effort to ensure that the United 
Nations completes an overall review and reassessment of each 
nation's assessed contributions for United Nations peacekeeping 
operations. As part of the overall review and assessment, the 
Permanent Representative should make every effort to advance 
the concept that, when appropriate, host governments and other 
governments in the region where a United Nations peacekeeping 
operation is carried out should bear a greater burden of its 
financial cost.
    [(b) Limitation on United States Contributions.--
          [(1) Fiscal years 1994 and 1995.--Funds authorized to 
        be appropriated for ``Contributions for International 
        Peacekeeping Activities'' for fiscal years 1994 and 
        1995 shall not be available for the payment of the 
        United States assessed contribution for a United 
        Nations peacekeeping operation in an amount which is 
        greater than 30.4 percent of the total of all assessed 
        contributions for that operation, notwithstanding the 
        last sentence of the paragraph headed ``Contributions 
        to International Organizations'' in Public Law 92-544, 
        as amended by section 203 of the Foreign Relations 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1976 (22 U.S.C. 287e 
        note).
          [(2) Subsequent fiscal years.--Funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for ``Contributions for International 
        Peacekeeping Activities'' for any fiscal year after 
        fiscal year 1995 shall not be available for the payment 
        of the United States assessed contribution for a United 
        Nations peacekeeping operation in an amount which is 
        greater than 25 percent of the total of all assessed 
        contributions for that operation.
          [(3) Conforming amendment.--The last sentence of the 
        paragraph headed ``Contributions to International 
        Organizations'' in Public law 92-544, as amended by 
        section 203 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
        Fiscal Year 1976 (22 U.S.C. 287e note), is amended by 
        striking ``conducted by or under the auspices of the 
        United Nations or'' and inserting ``(other than United 
        Nations peacekeeping operations) conducted''.]
          * * * * * * *

[SEC. 407. CONSULTATIONS AND REPORTS.

    [(a) Consultations and Reports on U.N. Peacekeeping 
Operations.--
          [(1) Consultations.--Each month the President shall 
        consult with the Congress on the status of United 
        Nations peacekeeping operations.
          [(2) Information to be provided.--In connection with 
        these consultations, the following information shall be 
        provided each month to the designated congressional 
        committees:
                  [(A) With respect to ongoing United Nations 
                peacekeeping operations, the following:
                          [(i) A list of all resolutions of the 
                        United Nations Security Council 
                        anticipated to be voted on during such 
                        month that would extend or change the 
                        mandate of any United Nations 
                        peacekeeping operation.
                          [(ii) For each such operation, any 
                        changes in the duration, mandate, and 
                        command and control arrangements that 
                        are anticipated as a result of the 
                        adoption of the resolution.
                          [(iii) An estimate of the total cost 
                        to the United Nations of each such 
                        operation for the period covered by the 
                        resolution, and an estimate of the 
                        amount of that cost that will be 
                        assessed to the United States.
                          [(iv) Any anticipated significant 
                        changes in United States participation 
                        in or support for each such operation 
                        during the period covered by the 
                        resolution, and the estimated costs to 
                        the United States of such changes.
                  [(B) With respect to each new United Nations 
                peacekeeping operation that is anticipated to 
                be authorized by a Security Council resolution 
                during such month the following information for 
                the period covered by the resolution:
                          [(i) The anticipated duration, 
                        mandate, and command and control 
                        arrangements of such operation.
                          [(ii) An estimate of the total cost 
                        to the United Nations of the operation, 
                        and an estimate of the amount of that 
                        cost that will be assessed to the 
                        United States.
                          [(iii) A description of the functions 
                        that would be performed by any United 
                        States Armed Forces participating in or 
                        otherwise operating in support of the 
                        operation, an estimate of the number of 
                        members of the Armed Forces that will 
                        participate in or otherwise operate in 
                        support of the operation, and an 
                        estimate of the cost to the United 
                        States of such participation or 
                        support.
          [(3) Written information.--The information described 
        in clauses (i) and (iii) of paragraph (2)(A) and the 
        information described in clauses (i) and (ii) of 
        paragraph (2)(B) shall be provided each month to the 
        designated congressional committees in written form not 
        later than the 10th day of that month.
          [(4) Interim information.--(A) The President shall 
        submit to the designated congressional committees a 
        written interim report if, during the period between 
        the monthly consultations required by paragraph (1), 
        the United States learns that the United Nations 
        Security Council is likely, before the next such 
        consultation, to vote on a resolution that would 
        authorize a new United Nations peacekeeping operation 
        and that resolution was not previously reported on 
        pursuant to paragraph (2)(B). Each interim report shall 
        include the information described in clauses (i) and 
        (ii) of paragraph (2)(B).
          [(B) Any such interim report shall be submitted not 
        less than 5 days before the vote of the United Nations 
        Security Council, unless the President determines that 
        exceptional circumstances prevented compliance with the 
        requirement to report 5 days in advance. If the 
        President makes such a determination, the interim 
        report shall be submitted promptly (but in no case 
        later than 3 days after the vote) and shall include a 
        copy of the determination and a description of the 
        exceptional circumstances which were the basis for that 
        determination.
          [(5) Notification and quarterly reports regarding 
        united states assistance.--(A) The President shall 
        notify the designated congressional committees at least 
        15 days before the United States provides any 
        assistance to the United Nations to support 
        peacekeeping operations. This subparagraph does not 
        apply to--
                  [(i) assistance having a value of less than 
                $3,000,000 in the case of nonreimbursable 
                assistance or less than $14,000,000 in the case 
                of reimbursable assistance, or
                  [(ii) assistance provided under the emergency 
                drawdown authority of sections 506(a)(1) and 
                552(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
                (22 U.S.C. 2318(a)(1) and 2348a(c)(2)).
          [(B) The President shall submit quarterly reports to 
        the designated congressional committees on all 
        assistance provided by the United States during the 
        preceding calendar quarter to the United Nations to 
        support peacekeeping operations. Each report shall 
        describe the assistance provided for each such 
        operation, listed by category of assistance. The report 
        for the fourth calendar quarter of each year shall be 
        submitted as part of the annual report required by 
        section 4(d) of the United Nations Participation Act of 
        1945 (as added by subsection (b) of this section) and 
        shall include cumulative information for the preceding 
        calendar year.]
          * * * * * * *
       nondiscretionary personnel costs and currency fluctuations

    Sec. 704. (a) Amounts appropriated for a fiscal year to 
carry out this Act are authorized to be made available until 
expended.
    (b) There are authorized to be appropriated for the [United 
States Information Agency] Secretary of State, in addition to 
amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated for the 
[Agency] Department of State such sums as may be necessary for 
any fiscal year for increases in salary, pay, retirement, and 
other employee benefits authorized by law in connection with 
carrying out the informational and educational exchange 
functions of the Department.
    (c)(1) In order to maintain the levels of program activity 
provided for by the annual authorizing legislation for the 
[United States Information Agency] Department of State in 
carrying out the informational and educational exchange 
functions of the Department, there are authorized to be 
appropriated for the [Agency] Department of State such sums as 
may be necessary for any fiscal year to offset adverse 
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, or overseas 
wage and price changes, occurring after November 30 of the 
earlier of (A) the calendar year which ended during the fiscal 
year preceding such fiscal year, or (B) the calendar year which 
preceded the calendar year during which the authorization of 
appropriations for such fiscal year was enacted.
    (2) In carrying out this subsection, there may be 
established a Buying Power Maintenance account.
    (3) In order to eliminate substantial gains to the approved 
levels of overseas operations for the [United States 
Information Agency] Department of State in carrying out the 
informational and educational exchange functions of the 
Department the [Director] Secretary of State shall transfer to 
the Buying Power Maintenance account such amounts appropriated 
for ``Salaries and Expenses'' as the [Director] Secretary of 
State determines are excessive to the needs of the approved 
level of operations under that appropriation account because of 
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates or changes in 
overseas wages and prices.
    (4) In order to offset adverse fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates or foreign wages and prices, the 
[Director] Secretary of State may transfer from the Buying 
Power Maintenance account to the ``Salaries and Expenses'' 
appropriations account such amounts as the [Director] Secretary 
of State determines are necessary to maintain the approved 
level of operations under that appropriation account.
    (5) Funds transferred by the [Director] Secretary of State 
from the Buying Power Maintenance account to another account 
shall be merged with and be available for the same purpose, and 
for the same time period, as the funds in that other account. 
Funds transferred by the [Director] Secretary of State  from 
another account to the Buying Power Maintenance account shall 
be merged with the funds in the Buying Power Maintenance 
account and shall be available for the purposes of that account 
until expended.
    (6) Any restriction contained in an appropriation Act or 
other provision of law limiting the amounts that may be 
obligated or expended by the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State in carrying out the informational and 
educational functions of the Department shall be deemed to be 
adjusted to the extent necessary to offset the net effect of 
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates or overseas 
wage and price changes in order to maintain approved levels.
    (7) (A) Subject to the limitations contained in this 
paragraph, not later than the end of the 5th fiscal year after 
the fiscal year for which funds are appropriated or otherwise 
made available for the ``Salaries and Expenses'' accounts, the 
[Director] Secretary of State may transfer any unobligated 
balance of such funds to the Buying Power Maintenance account.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 705. (a) Unless the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate are notified fifteen days in advance of 
a proposed reprogramming, funds appropriated for the [United 
States Information Agency] Department of State in carrying out 
its informational and educational exchange functions shall not 
be available for obligation or expenditure through any such 
reprogramming of funds--
          (1) which creates new programs;
          * * * * * * *
    (b) In addition the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State in carrying out its informational and 
educational exchange functions may award program grants only if 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate are notified fifteen days in advance of the proposed 
grant.
    (c) Funds appropriated for the [United States Information 
Agency] Department of State in carrying out its informational 
and educational exchange functions may not be available for 
obligation or expenditure through any reprogramming described 
in subsection (a) during the period which is the last 15 days 
in which such funds are available unless notice of such 
reprogramming is made before such period.
                 TITLE VIII--ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES

                             the secretary

    Sec. 801. In carrying out the purposes of this Act, the 
Secretary is authorized, in addition to and not in limitation 
of the authority otherwise vested in him--
          (1) In carrying out title II of this Act, to make 
        grants of money, services, or materials to State and 
        local governmental institutions in the United States, 
        to governmental institutions in other countries, and to 
        individuals and public or private nonprofit 
        organizations both in the United States and in other 
        countries.
          (2) to furnish, sell, or rent, by contract or 
        otherwise, educational and information materials and 
        equipment for dissemination to, or use by peoples of 
        foreign countries;
          (3) whenever necessary in carrying out title V of 
        this Act, to purchase, rent, construct, improve, 
        maintain, and operate facilities for radio and 
        television transmission and reception, including the 
        leasing of associated real property (either within or 
        outside the United States) for periods not to exceed 
        forty years, or for longer period if provided for by an 
        appropriation Act, and the alteration, improvement, and 
        repair of such property, without regard to section 322 
        of the Act of June 30, 1932 (40 U.S.C. 278a), and any 
        such real property or the interests therein which are 
        outside the United States may be acquired without 
        regard to section 355 of the Revised Statutes of the 
        United States (40 U.S.C. 255) [if the sufficiency of 
        the title to such real property or interests therein is 
        approved by the Director of the United States 
        Information Agency;] if the Secretary determines that 
        title such real property or interests is sufficient;
          * * * * * * *

                          government agencies

    Sec. 802. (a) In carrying on activities which further the 
purposes of this Act, subject to approval of such activities by 
the Secretary, the Department and the other Government agencies 
are authorized--
          (1) to place orders and make purchases and rentals of 
        materials and equipment;
          * * * * * * *
    (b)(1) Any contract authorized by subsection (a) and 
described in paragraph (3) of this subsection which is funded 
on the basis of annual appropriation may nevertheless be made 
for period not in excess of 5 years when--
          (A) appropriations are available and adequate for 
        payment for the first fiscal year and for all potential 
        cancellation costs; and
          (B) the [Director of the United States Information 
        Agency] Secretary of State determines that--
                  (i) the need of the Government for the 
                property or service being acquired over the 
                period of the contract is reasonably firm and 
                continuing;
          * * * * * * *
          (4)(A) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this 
        subsection, the [United States Information Agency] 
        Department of State is authorized to enter into 
        contracts for period not to exceed 7 years for circuit 
        capacity to distribute radio and television programs.
          * * * * * * *

                            basic authority

    Sec. 804. In carrying out the provisions of this Act, the 
Secretary, or any Government agency authorized to administer 
such provisions, may--
          (1) employ, without regard to the civil service and 
        classification laws, aliens within the United States 
        and abroad for service in the United States relating to 
        the translation or narration of colloquial speech in 
        foreign languages or the preparation and production of 
        foreign language programs when suitably qualified 
        United States citizens are not available when job 
        vacancies occur, and aliens so employed abroad may be 
        admitted to the United States, if otherwise qualified, 
        as nonimmigrants under section 101(a)(15) of the 
        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15) 
        for such time and under such conditions and procedures 
        as may be established by the [Director of the United 
        States Information Agency] Secretary of State and the 
        Attorney General;
          * * * * * * *

             [seal of the united states information agency

    [Sec. 807. The seal of the United States Information Agency 
shall be the arms and crest of the United States, encircled by 
the words ``United States Information Agency''. Judicial notice 
shall be taken of the seal.

                      [acting associate directors

    [Sec. 808. If an Associate Director of the United States 
Information Agency dies, resigns, or is sick or absent, the 
Associate Director's principal assistant shall perform the 
duties of the office until a successor is appointed or the 
absence or sickness stops.]
          * * * * * * *

                  use of english-teaching program fees

    Sec. 810. (a) Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, 
United States Code, or any other law or limitation of 
authority, fees received by or for the use of the [United 
States Information Agency] Department of State  from or in 
connection with English-teaching and library services, and 
educational advising, and [Agency Department of State-produced 
publications, and not to exceed $100,000 of payments from 
motion picture and televisions programs, produced or conducted 
by or on behalf of the [Agency Department of State under the 
authority of this Act or the Mutual Educational and Cultural 
Exchange Act of 1961 is authorized to be credited each fiscal 
year to the appropriate appropriation of the [United States 
Information Agency] Department of State to such extent as may 
be provided in advance in an appropriation Act.

                            debt collection

    Sec. 811. (a) Contract Authority.--(1) Subject to the 
availability of appropriations, the [United States Information 
Agency] Department of State shall enter into contracts for 
collection services to recover indebtedness owed by a person, 
other than a foreign country, to the United States which arises 
out of informational and educational exchange activities of the 
[United States Information Agency] Department of State enters 
into such contract shall submit to the [Director] Secretary of 
State at least once every 180 days a status report on the 
success of the person in collecting debts. Section 3718 of 
title 31, United States Code, shall apply to any such contract 
to the extent that such section is not inconsistent with this 
subsection.
    (b) Disclosure of Delinquent Debt to Credit Reporting 
Agencies.--The [Director of the United States Information 
Agency] Secretary of State shall, to the extent otherwise 
allowed by law, disclose to those credit reporting agencies to 
which the [Director] Secretary of State reports loan activity 
information concerning any debt of more than $100 owed by a 
person, other than a foreign country to the United States which 
arises out of information and educational exchange activities 
of the [United States Information Agency] Department of State 
and is delinquent by more than 31 days.
                   usia posts and personnel overseas

    Sec. 812. (a) Limitation.--Except as provided under this 
section no funds authorized to be appropriated to the [United 
States Information Agency] Department of State may be used to 
pay any expense associated with the closing of any [United 
States Information Agency post] informational and educational 
exchange post of the Department of State abroad.
    (b) Notification.--Not less than 45 days before the closing 
of any [United States Information Agency post] informational 
and educational exchange post of the Department of State abroad 
the [Director of the United States Information Agency] 
Secretary of State shall notify the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate.
    (c) Exceptions.--This section shall not apply to any 
[United States Information Agency post] informational and 
educational exchange post of the Department of State closed--
          (1) because of a break or downgrading of diplomatic 
        relations between the United States and the country in 
        which the post is located; or
          (2) where there is a real and present threat to 
        United States diplomats in the city where the post is 
        located and where a travel advisory warning against 
        travel by United States citizens to the city has been 
        issued by the Department of State.
          * * * * * * *

                     informational media guaranties

    Sec. 1011. (a) The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State may make guaranties, in 
accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 413 
of the Mutual Security Act of 1954, of investments in 
enterprises producing or distributing informational media 
consistent with the national interests of the United States: 
Provided, That the purpose of making informational media 
guaranties shall be the achievement of the foreign policy 
objectives of the United States, including the objective 
mentioned in sections 413(b)(4)(A) and 413(b)(4)(G) of the 
Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended.
    (b) The [Director] Secretary of State is authorized to 
assume the obligation of not to exceed $28,000,000 of the notes 
authorized to be issued pursuant to subsection 111(c)(2) of the 
Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 
1509(c)(2)), together with the interest accrued and unpaid 
thereon, and to obtain advances from time to time from the 
Secretary of the Treasury up to such amount, less amounts 
previously advanced on such notes, as provided for in said 
notes. Such advances shall be deposited in a special account in 
the Treasury available for payments under informational media 
guaranties.
    (c) The [Director] Secretary of State is authorized to make 
informational media guaranties without regard to the 
limitations of time contained in subsection 413(b)(4) of the 
Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1933(b)(4)), 
but the total of such guaranties outstanding at any one time 
shall not exceed the sum of the face amount of the notes 
assumed by the [Director] Secretary of State less the amounts 
previously advanced on such notes by the Secretary of the 
Treasury plus the amount of the funds in the special account 
referred to in subsection (b).
          * * * * * * *
    (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph 
413(b)(4)(E) of the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended (22 
U.S.C. 1933(b)(4)(E), (1) fees collected for the issuance of 
informational media guaranties shall be deposited in the 
special account and shall be available for payments under 
informational media guaranties; and (2) the [Director] 
Secretary of State may require the payment of a minimum charge 
of up to fifty dollars for issuance of guaranty contracts, or 
amendments thereto.
    (f) The [Director] Secretary of State is further 
authorized, under such terms as he may prescribe, to make 
advance payments under informational media guaranties: 
Provided, That currencies receivable from holders of such 
guaranties on account of such advance payments shall be paid to 
the United States within nine months from the date of the 
advance payment and that appropriate security to assure such 
payments is required before any advance payment is made.
    (h)(1) There is authorized to be appropriated annually an 
amount to restore in whole or in part any realized impairment 
to the capital used in carrying on the authority to make 
informational media guaranties, as provided in subsection (c), 
through the end of the last completed fiscal year.
    (2) Such impairment shall consist of the amount by which 
the losses incurred and interest accrued on notes exceed the 
revenue earned and any previous appropriations made for the 
restoration of impairment. Losses shall include the dollar 
losses on foreign currencies sold, and the dollar cost of 
foreign currencies which (a) the Secretary of the Treasury, 
after consultation with the [Director] Secretary of State has 
determined to be unavailable for, in excess of, requirements of 
the United States, or (b) have been transferred to other 
accounts without reimbursement to the special account.
    (3) Dollars appropriated pursuant to this section shall be 
applied to the payment of interest and in satisfaction of notes 
issued or assumed hereunder, and to the extent of such 
application to the principal of the notes, the [Director] 
Secretary of State is authorized to issue notes to the 
Secretary of the Treasury which will bear interest at a rate to 
be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into 
consideration the current average market yields of outstanding 
marketable obligations of the United States having maturities 
comparable to the guaranties. The currencies determined to be 
unavailable for, or in excess of requirements of the United 
States as provided above shall be transferred to the Secretary 
of the Treasury to be held until disposed of, and any dollar 
proceeds realized from such disposition shall be deposited in 
miscellaneous receipts.

             State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956

          * * * * * * *
                  TITLE I--BASIC AUTHORITIES GENERALLY

                ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE

    Section 1. (a) Secretary of State.--
          (1) The Department of State shall be administered, in 
        accordance with this Act and other provisions of law, 
        under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of 
        State (hereinafter referred to as the ``Secretary'').
          (2) The Secretary shall be appointed by the 
        President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
        Senate.
          (3) The Secretary shall serve as the principal 
        foreign policy adviser to the President and shall, 
        under the direction of the President, be responsible 
        for the overall direction, coordination, and 
        supervision of United States foreign relations and for 
        the interdepartmental activities of the United States 
        Government abroad.
          [(3)] (4)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law and except as provided in this section, the 
        Secretary shall have and exercise any authority vested 
        by law in any office or official of the Department of 
        State. The Secretary shall administer, coordinate, and 
        direct the Foreign Service of the United States and the 
        personnel of the Department of State, except where 
        authority is inherent in or vested in the President.
          (B)(i) The Secretary shall not have the authority of 
        the Inspector General or the Chief Financial Officer.
          (ii) The Secretary shall not have any authority given 
        expressly to diplomatic or consular officers.
          [(4)] (5) The Secretary is authorized to promulgate 
        such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry 
        out the functions of the Secretary of State and the 
        Department of State. Unless otherwise specified in law, 
        the Secretary may delegate authority to perform any of 
        the functions of the Secretary or the Department to 
        officers and employees under the direction and 
        supervision of the Secretary. The Secretary may 
        delegate the authority to redelegate any such 
        functions.
    [(b) Under Secretaries.--There shall be in the Department 
of State not more than 5 Under Secretaries of State, who shall 
be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, and who shall be compensated at the rate 
provided for at level III of the Executive Schedule under 
section 5314 of title 5, United States Code.]
    (b) Deputy Secretary.--(1) There shall be within the 
Department of State a Deputy Secretary of State, who shall be 
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate.
    (2) The Deputy Secretary shall have primary responsibility, 
which may not be delegated, to assure adequate foreign policy 
coordination with respect to the inter-national activities of 
other agencies and development entities.
    (3) The Deputy Secretary shall act for, and exercise the 
powers of, the Secretary during his absence or disability or 
during a vacancy in the office of the Secretary.
    [(c) Assistant Secretaries.--
          [(1) In general.--There shall be in the Department of 
        State not more than 20 Assistant Secretaries of State, 
        each of whom shall be appointed by the President, by 
        and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who 
        shall be compensated at the rate provided for at level 
        IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of 
        title 5.
          [(2) Assistant secretary of the state for democracy, 
        human rights, and labor.--(A) There shall be in the 
        Department of State an Assistant Secretary of State for 
        Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor who shall be 
        responsible to the Secretary of State for matters 
        pertaining to human rights and humanitarian affairs 
        (including matters relating to prisoners of war and 
        members of the United States Armed Forces missing in 
        action) in the conduct of foreign policy and such other 
        related duties as the Secretary may from time to time 
        designate. The Secretary of State shall carry out the 
        Secretary's responsibility under section 502B of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 through the Assistant 
        Secretary.
          [(B) The Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, 
        Human Rights, and Labor shall maintain continuous 
        observation and review all matters pertaining to human 
        rights and humanitarian affairs (including matters 
        relating to prisoners of war and members of the United 
        States Armed Forces missing in action) in the conduct 
        of foreign policy including the following:
                  [(i) Gathering detailed information regarding 
                humanitarian affairs and the observance of and 
                respect for internationally recognized human 
                rights in each country to which requirements of 
                sections 116 and 502B of the Foreign Assistance 
                Act of 1961 are relevant.
                  [(ii) Preparing the statements and reports to 
                Congress required under section 502B of the 
                Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
                  [(iii) Making recommendations to the 
                Secretary of State and the Administrator of the 
                Agency for International Development regarding 
                compliance with sections 116 and 502B of the 
                Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and as part of 
                the Assistance Secretary's overall policy 
                responsibility for the creation of United 
                States Government human rights policy, advising 
                the Administrator of the Agency for 
                International Development on the policy 
                framework under which section 116(e) projects 
                are development and consulting with the 
                Administrator on the selection and 
                implementation of such projects.
                  [(iv) Performing other responsibilities which 
                serve to promote increased observance of 
                internationally recognized human rights by all 
                countries.]
    (c) America Desk.--(1)(A) The Secretary shall establish and 
maintain staff within the office of the Secretary that shall be 
responsible for ensuring that adequate consideration is 
afforded to United States commercial and business interests in 
the formulation of United States foreign policy.
    (B) The staff established under subparagraph (A) may be 
referred to as the America Desk''.
    (2) The America Desk shall also serve as an ombudsman and 
as a point of liaison to United States commercial and economic 
interests and to provide policymakers with input that will help 
keep policy responsive to the needs of United States citizens.
    (3) In addition, in the event of certain foreign 
emergencies or crises affecting United States citizens, the 
America Desk shall help energize the Department's resources in 
a coordinated response.
    (d) Resources, Policy, and Planning Staff.--(1) The 
Secretary shall establish and maintain a Resources, Policy, and 
Planning Staff within the office of the Secretary to provide 
the Secretary, the Deputy Secretary of State, and the Under 
Secretaries of State precise information on and recommendations 
concerning the resource implications of foreign policy 
proposals.
    (2) The staff shall be responsible to ensure that the 
Secretary of State has an independent assessment of the 
budgetary impact of foreign policy proposals.
    [(d)] (e) Deputy Assistant Secretaries.--There shall be in 
the Department of State not more than 66 Deputy Assistant 
Secretaries of State.
    [(e) Other Senior Officials.--In addition to officials of 
the Department of State who are otherwise authorized to be 
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, and to be compensated at level IV of the 
Executive Schedule or section 5315 of title 5, United States 
Code, four other such appointments are authorized.]
SEC. 1A. UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE.

    (a) In General.--(1) There shall be in the Department of 
State not more than the following five Under Secretaries of 
State, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate:
          (A) The Under Secretary of State for Policy.
          (B) The Under Secretary of State for Export, Trade, 
        Economics, and Business.
          (C) The Under Secretary of State for International 
        Security.
          (D) The Under Secretary of State for Public 
        Diplomacy.
          (E) The Under Secretary of State for Management.
          (2) The responsibilities of the Under Secretaries of 
        State include, but are not limited to, the 
        responsibilities provided for in this section.
    (b) Under Secretary of State for Policy.--
    (1) In general.--There is an Under Secretary of State for 
Policy.
    (2) Responsibilities.--The Under Secretary of State for 
Policy shall be responsible to the Secretary of State and the 
Deputy Secretary of State for the following:
                (A) Assisting in the development, 
                implementation, and conduct of foreign policy 
                and foreign assistance policy.
                (B) Determining the policy goals and functions 
                of United States diplomatic missions and 
                ensuring that overall mission staffing reflects 
                policy priorities.
    (C) Ensuring policy coordination of all international 
programs carried out by the departments and agencies of the 
Federal Government in the areas within the responsibilities of 
the Under Secretary.
          (3) Office of the under secretary.--There shall be 
        within the Office of the Under Secretary for Policy the 
        Office of Enterprise Fund Coordination which shall 
        ensure that programs of enterprise funds support 
        regional policy goals, are well managed and audited, 
        and are sufficiently capitalized.
    (c) Under Secretary of State for Export, Trade, Economics, 
and Business.--
          (1) In general.--There is an Under Secretary of State 
        for Export, Trade, Economics, and Business.
          (2) Responsibilities.--(A) The Under Secretary of 
        State for Export, Trade, Economics, and Business shall 
        be responsible to the Secretary of State and the Deputy 
        Secretary of State for the following:
                  (i) Assisting in the development, 
                implementation, and conduct of foreign policy 
                and foreign assistance policy with respect to 
                export promotion, trade, economics, and 
                business and with respect to science and 
                environmental matters and the oceans.
                  (ii) Overseeing international programs with 
                respect to the matters referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) that are carried out by the 
                departments and agencies of the Federal 
                Government other than the Department of State.
          (B) The Under Secretary shall be the representative 
        of the Department of State on the Trade Promotion 
        Coordinating Committee established under section 2312 
        of the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4724).
    (d) Under Secretary of State for International Security.--
          (1) In general.--There is an Under Secretary of State 
        for International Security.
          (2) Responsibilities.--The Under Secretary of State 
        for International Security shall be responsible to the 
        Secretary of State and the Deputy Secretary of State 
        for the following:
                  (A) Assisting in the development of policy 
                relating to matters of international security, 
                including arms control and nonproliferation, 
                international narcotics and crime control, 
                refugee and migration affairs, emergency 
                humanitarian issues, and foreign assistance 
                issues related thereto.
                  (B) Advising on matters of arms control and 
                disarmament, arms sales, and nonproliferation 
                of weapons of mass destruction.
          (3) Office of the under secretary.--There shall be 
        within the Office of the Under Secretary of State for 
        International Security--
                  (A) the Coordinator for Economic Support 
                Funds-Foreign Military Financing, who shall 
                seek to assure that programs under chapter 4 of 
                part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
                and under section 23 of the Arms Export Control 
                Act reflect United States foreign policy 
                objectives; and
                  (B) the Coordinator for Counter-Terrorism, 
                who shall develop, coordinate, and implement 
                policy of the Department of State to counter 
                acts of international terrorism.
    (e) Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy.--
          (1) In general.--There is an Under Secretary of State 
        for Public Diplomacy.
          (2) Responsibilities.--The Under Secretary of State 
        for Public Diplomacy shall be responsible to the 
        Secretary of State and the Deputy Secretary of State 
        for the following:
                  (A) Assisting in the development, 
                implementation, and conduct of United States 
                policy on public diplomacy, including 
                international exchange programs and 
                international broadcasting.
                  (B) Coordinating international exchange 
                programs that are carried out by departments 
                and agencies of the Federal Government other 
                than the Department of State.
                  (C) Disseminating information, including the 
                use and maintenance of electronic information 
                capabilities, such as the wireless file, and 
                library and overseas resource centers.
                          (i) providing information to the 
                        public outside the United States on 
                        United States foreign policy and 
                        assistance policy; and
                          (ii) providing to the Secretary of 
                        State information on public reaction, 
                        foreign attitudes and media reaction to 
                        United States foreign policy.
          (3) Office of the under secretary.--There shall be 
        within the office of the Under Secretary of State of 
        Public Diplomacy the Press Office and Spokesperson 
        which shall carry out domestic liaison activities, 
        including authority over the current foreign press 
        centers in the United States.
    (f) Under Secretary of State for Management.--
          (1) In general.--There is an Under Secretary of State 
        for Management.
          (2) Responsibilities.--The Under Secretary of State 
        for Management shall be responsible to the Secretary of 
        State and the Deputy Secretary of State for the 
        following:
                  (A) Assisting in the development, 
                implementation, and conduct of policy for the 
                management of the Department of State, 
                including the management of United States 
                diplomatic missions and consular posts abroad.
                  (B) Assuring adequate management support for 
                the conduct of United States foreign policy and 
                foreign assistance policy, including personnel 
                staffing levels adequate to support the overall 
                foreign policy objectives.
                  (C) Developing and implementing policy on 
                consular programs.
SEC. 1B. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE.

    (a) In General.--(1) There shall be in the Department of 
State not more than 20 Assistant Secretaries of State, who 
shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate. The responsibilities of the Assistant 
Secretaries of State include, but are not limited to, the 
responsibilities provided for in this section.
    (2) Under each Assistant Secretary of State having regional 
responsibilities described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of 
subsection (b), there should be a Deputy Assistant Secretary of 
State for Trade, and Development Assistance.
    (b) Assistant Secretaries Reporting to the Under Secretary 
of State for Policy.--The following Assistant Secretaries of 
State should be subject to the supervision and policy guidance 
of the Under Secretary of State for Policy and should have the 
following responsibilities:
          (1) Assistant secretary for inter-american affairs.--
        There should be an Assistant Secretary of State for 
        Inter-American Affairs who should assist in the 
        development and implementation of United States foreign 
        policy and foreign assistance policy with respect to 
        the Western Hemisphere.
          (2) Assistant secretary for western and central 
        european affairs.--There should be an Assistant 
        Secretary of State for Western and Central European 
        Affairs who should assist in the development and 
        implementation of United States foreign policy and 
        foreign assistance policy with respect to Western and 
        Central Europe.
          (3) Assistant secretary for asian and pacific 
        affairs.--There should be an Assistant Secretary of 
        State for Asian and Pacific Affairs who should assist 
        in the development and implementation of United States 
        foreign policy and foreign assistance policy with 
        respect to Asian and the Pacific.
          (4) Assistant secretary for African Affairs.--There 
        should be an Assistant Secretary of State for African 
        Affairs who should assist in the development and 
        implementation of United States foreign policy and 
        foreign assistance policy with respect to Africa.
          (5) Assistant secretary for near eastern affairs.--
        There should be an Assistant Secretary of State for 
        Near Eastern Affairs who should assist in the 
        development and implementation of United States foreign 
        policy and foreign assistance policy with respect to 
        the Near East.
          (6) Assistant secretary for eastern europe and 
        central asia affairs.--There should be an Assistant 
        Secretary of State for Eastern Europe and Central Asia 
        Affairs who should assist in the development and 
        implementation of United States foreign policy and 
        foreign assistance policy with respect to Armenia, 
        Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, 
        Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
          (7) Assistant secretary for international 
        organizations.--There should be an Assistant Secretary 
        for International Organizations who should have rank 
        and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and 
        Plenipotentiary and who--
                  (A) should serve as the Permanent 
                Representative of the United States to the 
                United Nations;
                  (B) may serve ex officio as representative of 
                the United States in any organ, commission, or 
                other body of any international organization 
                other than a specialized agency of the United 
                Nations;
                  (C) should develop, coordinate, and implement 
                United States policy in the United Nations, 
                specialized agencies, and other international 
                organizations, including United States policy 
                on issues relating to United Nations 
                peacekeeping activities;
                  (D) should ensure that the United States 
                participates in international organizations in 
                a consistent fashion; and
                  (E) should manage United States participation 
                in multilateral conferences, including 
                accrediting and instructing United States 
                delegations to such conferences and providing 
                representational and logical support to such 
                delegations.
          (8) Assistant secretary for democracy and human 
        rights.--There should be an Assistant Secretary of 
        State for Democracy and Human Rights, who should--
                  (A) develop, coordinate, and implement United 
                States policy and programs for the promotion of 
                freedom, democracy, respect for human rights, 
                and similar matters around the world;
                  (B) support and provide advice to the 
                regional Assistant Secretary of State referred 
                to in paragraphs (1) through (6) in the 
                promotion of the matters referred to in 
                subparagraph (A);
                  (C) serve as liaison with nongovernmental 
                organizations that are active in the promotion 
                of such matters;
                  (D) prepare the annual report of the 
                Department of State on human rights practices; 
                and
                  (E) advise the Immigration and Naturalization 
                Service on applications by foreign nationals 
                for political asylum in the United States.
    (c) Assistant Secretaries Reporting to the Under Secretary 
of State for Export, Trade, Economics, and Business.--The 
following Assistant Secretaries of State should be subject to 
the supervision and policy guidance of the Under Secretary of 
State for Export, Trade, Economics, and Business and should 
have the following responsibilities:
          (1) Assistant secretary for economics and business 
        affairs.--
                  (A) In general.--There should be an Assistant 
                Secretary of State for Economics and Business 
                Affairs who should--
                          (i) develop, coordinate, and 
                        implement United States international 
                        economic policy, including resource and 
                        food policy, energy policy, trade 
                        policy, policy with respect to economic 
                        sanctions, and policy for the promotion 
                        of a stable and open international 
                        financial system;
                          (ii) ensure that United States 
                        economic and commercial interests are 
                        given appropriate weight in the 
                        development and implementation of 
                        United States foreign policy;
                          (iii) negotiate agreements for the 
                        purposes of promoting United States 
                        business abroad, improving the economic 
                        competitiveness of United States 
                        business abroad, and facilitating 
                        United States business activities 
                        abroad; and
                          (iv) advise other bureaus and 
                        elements of the Department of State on 
                        economic policy issues relating to the 
                        matters set forth in clauses (i) 
                        through (iii).
                  (B) Office of the assistant secretary.--There 
                should be within the Office of the Assistant 
                Secretary of State for Economic and Business 
                Affairs the Office of Telecommunications and 
                Aviation. The office should--
                          (i) develop, coordinate, and 
                        implement policy on issues relating to 
                        international telecommunications, 
                        international information utilization 
                        and exchange, and international 
                        aviation and maritime matters;
                          (ii) consult with and coordinate the 
                        activities of the other departments and 
                        agencies of the Federal Government with 
                        respect to the policy referred to in 
                        clause (i); and
                          (iii) conduct negotiations with 
                        foreign governments and international 
                        organizations with respect to such 
                        policy.
          (2) Assistant secretary for oceans and environmental 
        and science affairs.--There should be an Assistant 
        Secretary of State for Oceans and Environmental and 
        Science Affairs who should develop, coordinate, and 
        implement policy on the scientific and technological 
        facets of the relations of the United States with 
        foreign governments and international organizations and 
        on matters relating to the environment, the oceans, 
        fishing, and space.
      (d) Assistant Secretaries Reporting to the Under 
Secretary of State for International Security.--The following 
Assistant Secretaries of State should be subject to the 
supervision and policy guidance of the Under Secretary of State 
for International Security and should have the following 
responsibilities:
          (1) Assistant secretary for arms control and non-
        proliferation affairs.--(A) There shall be an Assistant 
        Secretary of State for Arms Control and Non-
        Proliferation Affairs who shall--
                  (i) develop and coordinate policy on non-
                proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 
                (including nuclear, chemical, and biological 
                weapons and missile technology) and nuclear and 
                conventional arms control; and
                  (ii) prepare for and operate United States 
                participation in international control systems 
                that may result from United States arms control 
                activities.
          (B) Deputy assistant secretaries.--(i) There shall be 
        four Deputy Assistant Secretaries of State who shall 
        report to the Assistant Secretary of State for Arms 
        Control and Non-Proliferation Affairs for the following 
        matters, respectively:
                  (I) Verification of compliance with arms 
                control agreements (including memoranda of 
                understanding).
                  (II) Conventional arms control.
                  (III) Nuclear nonproliferation.
                  (IV) Control of weapons of mass destruction.
          (ii) One such Deputy Assistant Secretary shall serve 
        as the principal Deputy to the Assistant Secretary.
          (2) Assistant secretary for international narcotics 
        and law enforcement affairs.--There should be an 
        Assistant Secretary of State for International 
        Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs who should--
                  (A) develop, coordinate, and implement 
                international narcotics assistance activities 
                delegated to the Secretary of State under 
                chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance 
                Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.);
                  (B) serve as principal point of contact and 
                provide advice on international narcotics 
                control matters for the Office of Management 
                and Budget, the National Security Council, and 
                the Executive Office of the President to ensure 
                implementation of United States policy in 
                narcotics matters; and
                  (C) carry out international law enforcement 
                activities of the Department of State under the 
                International Narcotics Control Correction Act 
                of 1994, including--
                          (i) promoting law enforcement and 
                        policy initiatives bilaterally or 
                        multilaterally which are of high 
                        priority to the national interest of 
                        the United States;
                          (ii) promoting improved coordination 
                        among United States policy and law 
                        enforcement agencies for their 
                        activities outside the United States; 
                        and
                          (iii) developing law enforcement 
                        training programs to strengthen and 
                        stabilize democracies throughout the 
                        world.
          (3) Assistant secretary for political-military 
        affairs.--There should be an Assistant Secretary of 
        State for Political-Military Affairs who should--
                  (A) serve as the Department's primary liaison 
                with the Department of Defense;
                  (B) seek to further United States national 
                security objectives by--
                          (i) stabilizing regional military 
                        balances through negotiations and 
                        security assistance;
                          (ii) maintaining global access for 
                        United States military forces;
                          (iii) inhibiting the access by 
                        adversaries to militarily significant 
                        technologies; and
                          (iv) promoting responsible United 
                        States defense trade; and
                  (C) coordinate with the Department of Defense 
                on issues involving United States participation 
                in United Nations peacekeeping activities.
          (4) Assistant secretary for humanitarian assistance, 
        refugees, and migration affairs.--There should be an 
        Assistant Secretary of State for Humanitarian 
        Assistance, Refugees, and Migration Affairs who 
        should--
                  (A) recommend and implement policy on 
                humanitarian assistance and refugee and 
                migration affairs;
                  (B) operate United States refugee programs 
                abroad, carried out in cooperation with other 
                governments, private and international 
                organizations, and other United States 
                government agencies;
                  (C) carry out programs relating to the relief 
                and repatriation of refugees, and the selection 
                and processing of refugees to be admitted to 
                the United States;
                  (D) implement abroad United States programs 
                for disaster preparedness, relief, and 
                rehabilitation, incorporating activities 
                previously carried out by the Office of Foreign 
                Disaster Assistance of the Agency for 
                International Development; and
                  (E) function as primary coordination point 
                for United States' international humanitarian 
                emergency response efforts.
    (e) Assistant Secretaries Reporting to the Under Secretary 
of State for Public Diplomacy.--Except as provided in paragraph 
(2), the following Assistant Secretary of State and officials 
of the Department of State should be subject to the supervision 
and policy guidance of the Under Secretary of State for Public 
Diplomacy and should have the following responsibilities:
          (1) Assistant secretary for international 
        exchanges.--
                  (A) In general.--There shall be an Assistant 
                Secretary of State for International Exchanges 
                who shall--
                          (i) administer programs carried out 
                        under the Mutual Educational and 
                        Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (Public 
                        Law 87-256) so as to ensure that such 
                        program support United States interests 
                        abroad and reflect the values of the 
                        people of the United States;
                          (ii) develop and implement policy 
                        for, and provide professional guidance, 
                        materials, and other programs support 
                        to, the libraries and binational 
                        centers of the Department of State 
                        abroad;
                          (iii) administer fine arts programs 
                        and performing arts programs abroad, 
                        including arranging for tours abroad of 
                        United States performing arts groups 
                        and fine arts exhibitions; and
                          (iv) develop and implement other 
                        programs in support of United States 
                        interests abroad, including programs 
                        for the identification and recruitment 
                        of individuals to speak of such 
                        interests abroad and for establishing 
                        links between United States and foreign 
                        cultural institutions.
                  (B) Office of the assistant secretary.--There 
                shall be within the Office of the Assistant 
                Secretary of State for International Exchanges 
                the Office of Program Coordination. The 
                Secretary of State, acting through the Office, 
                shall be responsible for tracking 
                identification and coordination of all United 
                States Government sponsored non-military 
                international exchange programs. The Office 
                shall be charged to identify and make 
                recommendations to the President on programs 
                that are duplicative and, therefore, should be 
                eliminated.
          (2) Chairman of the broadcasting board of governors 
        and the director of the international broadcasting 
        office.--The Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of 
        Governors and the Director of the International 
        Broadcasting Office shall have the responsibilities set 
        forth for those positions in title III of the Foreign 
        Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 
        1995.
    (f) Assistant Secretaries Reporting to the Under Secretary 
of State for Management.--The following Assistant Secretaries 
of State should be subject to the supervision and policy 
guidance of the Under Secretary of State for Management and 
should have the following responsibilities.
          (1) Assistant secretary for consular affairs.--There 
        should be an Assistant Secretary of State for Consular 
        Affairs who should develop, coordinate, and implement 
        policy relating to the protection and welfare of United 
        States citizens and interests abroad, the issuance of 
        passports and visas, and the provision of other 
        consular services.
          (2) Assistant secretary for administration.--There 
        should be an Assistant Secretary of State for 
        Administration who should--
                  (A) develop, coordinate, and implement 
                policy, programs, and activities for the 
                provision of administrative support for the 
                Department of State, including support for 
                building operations of the Department in the 
                United States and abroad, support for 
                information management, support for 
                telecommunications, support for the Diplomat 
                Contingency Program of the Department, support 
                for travel abroad by the President and the Vice 
                President, and support for schools for 
                dependents of Department personnel abroad;
                  (B) manage acquisition activities of the 
                Department in the United States;
                  (C) oversee acquisition activities of the 
                Department abroad;
                  (D) ensure the provision of supply and 
                transportation services to the Department; and
                  (E) ensure the provision of language services 
                for the Secretary of State, the Executive 
                Office of the President, and other officials of 
                the Federal Government.
          (3) Assistant secretary for diplomatic security.--
        There should be an Assistant Secretary of State for 
        Diplomatic Security who should--
                  (A) develop, coordinate, and implement policy 
                for the purpose of ensuring the security of 
                personnel who conduct United States diplomacy 
                and promote United States interests abroad;
                  (B) assign security personnel to posts abroad 
                for the purpose referred to in subparagraph 
                (A);
                  (C) carry out the duties set forth in the 
                Omnibus Diplomatic Security Act of 1986 (22 
                U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); and
                  (D) administer through the Office of Foreign 
                Missions, the authorities relating to the 
                regulation of foreign missions under title II 
                of this Act.
    (g) Positions Reporting to the Secretary of State.--There 
should be in the Department of State, the following officials 
who should be appointed by the President, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, and who should report to the 
Secretary of State and who should have the following 
responsibilities:
          (1) Assistant secretary of state for intelligence and 
        strategic plans.) There should be an Assistant 
        Secretary of State for Intelligence and Strategic 
        Plans, who should--
                  (A) provide the Secretary, the Deputy 
                Secretary, and Department principals with 
                intelligence information, briefings, analysis, 
                and coordination necessary to carry out the 
                President's foreign policy;
                  (B) serve as primary adviser to the Secretary 
                of State and intelligence briefer for senior 
                Department policymakers;
                  (C) undertake strategic (medium- and long-
                term) policy studies and analyses, and keep 
                policymakers aware of strategic trends in areas 
                of current or potential policy interest''; and
                  (D) provide the intelligence community 
                guidance as necessary to help ensure products 
                are focused adequately to support policymakers.
          (2) Assistant secretary of state for legislative 
        affairs.--There should be an Assistant Secretary of 
        State for Legislative Affairs, who should--
                  (A) supervise and coordinate all foreign 
                affairs-related legislative activities within 
                the Department of State and among the 
                Department, Congress, and other agencies;
                  (B) supervise and coordinate all personnel of 
                the Department who are designated or assigned 
                legislative responsibilities and who should 
                report to the Assistant Secretary of State for 
                Legislative Affairs;
                  (C) ensure that congressional perspectives 
                are considered in the foreign policymaking 
                process, that the administration's views are 
                accurately presented to Congress, and that a 
                coordinated legislative strategy is implemented 
                by executive branch agencies; and
                  (D) be responsible for rating and reviewing 
                all employees of any bureau whose duties 
                comprise primarily of legislative matters.

SEC. 1C. OTHER STATE DEPARTMENT POSITIONS.

    (a) General Counsel.--
          (1) There should be a General Counsel, who should be 
        appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
        consent of the Senate, who should be paid at the rate 
        provided for positions at level IV of the Executive 
        Schedule, and who should--
                  (A) serve as principal adviser to the 
                Secretary and, through the Secretary, to the 
                President on all matters of international law 
                arising in the conduct of United States foreign 
                relations; and
                  (B) provide general legal advice and services 
                to the Secretary and other officials of the 
                Department on matters with which the Department 
                and overseas posts are concerned.
          (2) The General Counsel should assume the functions 
        previously exercised by the Legal Adviser.
    (b) Positions Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for 
Management.--The following officials within the Department of 
State should report directly to the Under Secretary of State 
for Management:
          (1) Chief financial officer.--There is in the 
        Department of State a Chief Financial Officer who is 
        appointed and paid in accordance with section 901 of 
        title 31, United States Code, and who shall--
                  (A) serve as the Department's Budget Officer 
                and shall manage the financial affairs of the 
                Department, consistent with section 902 of 
                title 31, United States Code;
                  (B) ensure adequate systems within the 
                Department for the production of reliable and 
                timely financial and related programmatic 
                information;
                  (C) develop financial analysis and 
                performance reports regarding the activities of 
                the Department; and
                  (D) integrate functions of the Department 
                related to budget execution and financial 
                accounting.
          (2) Director general of the foreign service.--There 
        should be a Director General of the Foreign Service who 
        should be appointed by the President, by and with the 
        advice and consent of the Senate, and who should be 
        paid at the rate of pay provided for positions at level 
        IV of the Executive Schedule. The Director General 
        should--
                  (A) Act as principal advisor to the Secretary 
                of State on all matters relating to the Foreign 
                Service, including matters relating to 
                recruitment, training, professional 
                development, assignment, and utilization of 
                Foreign Service personnel; and
                  (B) provide joint training for all such 
                personnel and ensure the assignment of such 
                personnel to positions that require and provide 
                experience in a variety of disciplines; and
                  (C) perform such functions in connection with 
                the administration of the Foreign Service as 
                the Secretary of State may prescribe.
          (3) Director of personnel.--There should be within 
        the Department of State a Director of Personnel who 
        should be appointed by the President, by and with the 
        advice and consent of the Senate, and who should be 
        paid at the rate of pay provided for positions at level 
        IV of the Executive Schedule. The Director of Personnel 
        should--
                  (A) implement policies and programs for 
                personnel of the Department of State, including 
                personnel under the Civil Service system, 
                personnel under the Foreign Service System (in 
                consultation with the Director General for the 
                Foreign Service), and personnel who are Foreign 
                Service National employees; and
                  (B) oversee activities of the National Center 
                for Humanities, Education , Languages, and 
                Management Studies.
          * * * * * * *
                        administrative services

    Sec. 23. (a) Agreements.--Whenever the head of any Federal 
agency performing any foreign affairs functions [(including, 
but not limited to, the Department of State, the International 
Communication Agency, the Agency for International Development, 
and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)] determines that 
administrative services performed in common by the Department 
of State and one or more [other such agencies] other Federal 
Agencies may be performed more advantageously and more 
economically on a consolidated basis, the Secretary of State 
and the heads of the other agencies concerned may, subject to 
the approval of the Director of the Office of Management and 
Budget, conclude an agreement which provides for the transfer 
to and consolidation within the Department or within one of the 
other agencies concerned of so much of the functions, 
personnel, property, records, and funds of the Department and 
of the other agencies concerned as may be necessary to enable 
the performance of those administrative services on a 
consolidated basis for the benefit of all agencies concerned. 
Agreements for consolidation of administrative services under 
this section shall provide for reimbursement or advances of 
funds from the agency receiving the service to the agency 
performing the service in amounts which will approximate the 
expense of providing administrative services for the serviced 
agency.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 24. (a) * * *
    (b)(1) * * *
          * * * * * * *
    (7)(A) Subject to the limitations contained in this 
paragraph, not later than the end of the fifth fiscal year 
after the fiscal year for which funds are appropriated or 
otherwise made available for an account under ``Administration 
of Foreign Affairs'', the Secretary of State may transfer any 
unobligated balance of such funds to the Buying Power 
Maintenance account.
    (B) The balance of the Buying Power Maintenance account may 
not exceed $100,000,000 as a result of any transfer under this 
paragraph.
    (C) Any transfer pursuant to this paragraph shall be 
treated as a reprogramming of funds under section 34 and shall 
be available for obligation or expenditure only in accordance 
with the procedures under such section.
    [(D) The authorities contained in this section may only be 
exercised to such an extent and in such amounts as specifically 
provided for in advance in appropriations Acts.]
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 26. (a) * * *
    [(b) The authority available to the Secretary of State 
under this section shall be available to the Director of the 
United States Information Agency, the chairman of the Board for 
International Broadcasting, and the Director of the United 
States International Development Cooperation Agency with 
respect to their respective agencies.]
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 32. The Secretary of State may pay, without regard to 
section 5702 of title 5, United States Code, subsistence 
expenses of (1) special agents of the Department of State who 
are on authorized protective missions, and (2) members of the 
Foreign Service and employees of the Department who are 
required to spend extraordinary amounts of time in travel 
status. [The authorities available to the Secretary of State 
under this section with respect to the Department of State 
shall be available to the Director of the United States 
Information Agency and the Director of the United States 
International Development Cooperation Agency with respect to 
their respective agencies, except that the authority of clause 
(2) shall be available with respect to those agencies only in 
the case of members of the Foreign Service and employees of the 
agency who are performing security-related functions abroad.]
    Sec. 33. The following documents shall have the same force 
and effect as proof of United States citizenship as 
certificates of naturalization or of citizenship issued by the 
Attorney General or by a court having naturalization 
jurisdiction:
          (1) A passport, during its period of validity (if 
        such period is the maximum period authorized by law), 
        issued by the Secretary of State to a citizen of the 
        United States.
          (2) The report, designated as a ``Report of Birth 
        Abroad of a Citizen of the United States'', issued by a 
        consular officer to document a citizen born abroad. For 
        purposes of this paragraph, a consular officer shall 
        include any United States citizen employee of the 
        Department of State designated by the Secretary of 
        State to adjudicate nationality abroad pursuant to such 
        regulations as the Secretary may prescribe.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 38. (a) International Agreements.--The Secretary of 
State may use funds available to the Secretary for the expenses 
of United States participation in arbitrations and other 
proceedings for the peaceful resolution of disputes under 
treaties or other international agreements.
    (b) Contracts Abroad.--The Secretary of State may use funds 
available to the Secretary for the expenses of United States 
participation in arbitrations arising under contracts 
authorized by law for the performance of services or 
acquisition of property, real or personal, abroad.
    (c) Procurement of Services.--The Secretary of State may 
use competitive procedures or procedures other than competitive 
procedures to procure the services of experts for use in 
preparing or prosecuting a proceeding before an international 
tribunal or a claim by or against a foreign government or other 
foreign entity, whether or not the expert is expected to 
testify, or to procure personal and other support services for 
such proceedings or claims. The Secretary need not provide any 
written justification for the use of procedures other than 
competitive procedures when procuring such services under this 
subsection and need not furnish for publication in the Commerce 
Business Daily or otherwise any notice of solicitation or 
synopsis with respect to such procurement.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 52. FEES FOR COMMERCIAL SERVICES.

    (a) * * *
    (b) Use of Fees.--Funds collected under the authority of 
subsection (a) shall be deposited as an offsetting collection 
to any Department of State appropriation to recover the costs 
of providing commercial services. Such fees shall remain 
available for obligation until expended.
          * * * * * * *
                  TITLE I--BASIC AUTHORITIES GENERALLY

          * * * * * * *
``SEC. 53. FEE FOR USE OF DIPLOMATIC RECEPTION ROOMS.

    The Secretary of State is authorized to charge a fee for 
use of the Department of State diplomatic reception rooms. Fees 
collected under the authority of this section shall be 
deposited as an offsetting collection to any Department of 
State appropriation to recover the costs of such use and shall 
remain available for obligation until expended.
      Department of State Appropriations Authorization Act of 1973

          * * * * * * *
    [Sec. 9. (a) There is established within the Department of 
State a Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and 
Scientific Affairs. There shall be an Assistant Secretary of 
State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific 
Affairs, appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, who shall be the head of the Bureau and 
who shall have responsibility for matters relating to oceans, 
environmental, scientific, fisheries, wildlife, and 
conservation affairs and for such other related duties as the 
Secretary may from time to time designate.]

   Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985

          * * * * * * *
                      [interparliamentary groups]

    Sec. 109. (a) * * *
    [(b) There are authorized to be appropriated each fiscal 
year $50,000, to be equally divided between delegations of the 
Senate and the House of Representatives, to assist in meeting 
the expenses of the United States Group of the British-American 
Parlimentary Group. Amounts appropriated under this section are 
authorized to remain available until expended.]
    [(c) There are authorized to be appropriated for each 
fiscal year $50,000 for expenses of United States participation 
in the United States-European Community Interparliamentary 
Group.]

   Department of State and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995

                          (Public Law 103-317)

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 507. (a) Diplomatic Telecommunications Service 
Financial Management.--In fiscal year 1995 [and each succeeding 
fiscal year]--
          * * * * * * *
    (b) DTS Policy Board.--Within 60 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the Director 
of the DTS-PO shall restructure the DTS Policy Board to provide 
for representation on the Board, during fiscal year 1995 [and 
each succeeding fiscal year], by--
          (1) the Director of the DTS-PO;

                      The Arms Export Control Act

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 36. Reports on Commercial and Governmental Military 
Exports; Congressional Action.--(a) * * *
    (b) (1) * * *
          (A) a detailed description of the defense articles, 
        defense services, or design and construction services 
        to be offered, including a brief description of the 
        capabilities of any defense article to be offered;
          * * * * * * *
          (D) an evaluation, prepared by the [Director of the 
        Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in consultation 
        with the Secretary of State and] Secretary of State in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Defense, of the 
        manner, if any, in which the proposed sale would--
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 38. Control of Arms Exports and Imports.--(a)(1) * * *
    (2) Decisions on issuing export licenses under this section 
shall be made in coordination with the [Director of the United 
States Arms Control and Disarmanent Agency, taking into account 
the Director's] Secretary of State, taking into account the 
Secretary's assessment as to whether the export of an article 
would contribute to an arms race, aid in the development of 
weapons of mass destruction, support international terrorism, 
increase the possibility of outbreak or escalation of conflict, 
or prejudice the development of bilateral or multilateral arms 
control or nonproliferation agreements or other arrangements. 
[The Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency is 
authorized, whenever the Director] The Secretary of State is 
authorized, whenever the Secretary determines that the issuance 
of an export license under this section would be detrimental to 
the national security of the United States, to recommend to the 
President that such export license be disapproved.
          * * * * * * *
    Chapter 4--GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

    Sec. 41. Effective Date.--This Act shall take effect on 
July 1, 1968.
    Sec. 42. General Provisions.--(a) (1) In carrying out this 
chapter, special emphasis shall be placed on procurement in the 
United States, but, subject to the provisions of subsection (b) 
of this section, consideration shall also be given to 
coproduction or licensed production outside the United States 
of defense articles of United States origin when such 
production best serves the foreign policy, national security, 
and economy of the United States. In evaluating any sale 
proposed to be made pursuant to this chapter, there shall be 
taken into consideration (A) the extent to which the proposed 
sale damages or infringes upon licensing arrangements whereby 
United States entities have granted licenses for the 
manufacture of the defense articles selected by the purchasing 
country to entities located in friendly foreign countries, 
which licenses result in financial returns to the United 
States, (B) the portion of the defense articles so manufactured 
which is of United States origin, and (C) the assessment of the 
[Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament 
Agency] Secretary of State as to whether, and the extent to 
which, such sale might contribute to an arms race, aid in the 
development of weapons of mass destruction, support 
international terrorism, increase the possibility of outbreak 
or escalation of conflict, or prejudice the development of 
bilateral or multilateral arms control or nonproliferation 
agreements or other arrangements.
    (2) Any proposed sale made pursuant to this chapter shall 
be approved only after consultation with the [Director of the 
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency] Secretary of 
State. The [Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 
is authorized, whenever the Director] Secretary of State is 
authorized, whenever the Secretary determines that a sale under 
this section would be detrimental to the national security of 
the United States, to recommend to the President that such sale 
be disapproved.
          * * * * * * *

   Chapter 7--CONTROL OF MISSILES AND MISSILE EQUIPMENT OR TECHNOLOGY

    Sec. 71. Licensing.--
    (a) Establishment of List of Controlled Items.--The 
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Defense [the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament 
Agency,] Secretary of State and the heads of other appropriate 
departments and agencies, shall establish and maintain, as part 
of the United States Munitions List, a list of all items on the 
MTCR Annex the export of which is not controlled under section 
2405(l) of appendix to Title 50.
    (b) Referral of License Applications.--(1) A determination 
of the Secretary of State to approve a license for the export 
of an item on the list established under subsection (a) of this 
section may be made only after the license application is 
referred to the Secretary of Defense and the [Director of the 
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency] Secretary of 
State.
    (2) Within 10 days after a license is issued for the export 
of an item on the list established under subsection (a) of this 
section, the Secretary of State shall provide to the Secretary 
of Defense, the Secretary of Commerce, and the [Director of the 
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency] Secretary of 
State the license application and accompanying documents issued 
to the applicant, to the extent that the relevant Secretary [or 
the Director] indicates the need to receive such application 
and documents.
    (c) Information Sharing.--The Secretary of State shall 
establish a procedure for sharing information with appropriate 
officials of the intelligence community, as determined by the 
Director of Central Intelligence, with the [Director of the 
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency] Secretary of 
States, and with other appropriate Government agencies, that 
will ensure effective monitoring of transfers of MTCR equipment 
or technology and other missile technology.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 73. Transfers of Missile Equipment or Technology by 
Foreign Persons.
    (a) Sanctions.--(1) * * *
    (d) Advisory Opinions.--The Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense [, the Secretary of 
Commerce, and the Director of the United States Arms Control 
and Disarmament Agency] and the Secretary of Commerce, may, 
upon the request of any person, issue an advisory opinion to 
that person as to whether a proposed activity by that person 
would subject that person to sanctions under this section. Any 
person who relies in good faith on such an advisory opinion 
which states that the proposed activity would not subject a 
person to such sanctions, and any person who thereafter engages 
in such activity, may not be made subject to such sanctions on 
account of such activity.

                    Arms Control and Disarmament Act

          * * * * * * *

                                purpose

    Sec. 2. An ultimate goal of the United States is a world 
which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers, and 
burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been 
subordinated to the rule of law, and in which international 
adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. [It is 
the purpose of this chapter to provide impetus toward this goal 
by creating a new agency of peace to deal with the problem of 
reduction and control of armaments looking toward ultimate 
world disarmament.]
    Arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy, 
being an important aspect of foreign policy, must be consistent 
with national security policy as a whole. [The formulation and 
implementation of United States arms control, nonproliferation, 
and disarmament policy in a manner which will promote the 
national security can best be insured by a central organization 
charged be statute with primary responsibility for this filed. 
This organization must have such a position within the 
Government that it can provide the President, the Secretary of 
State, other officials of the executive branch, and the 
Congress with recommendations concerning United States arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy, and can 
assess the effect of these recommendations upon our foreign 
policies, our national security policies and our economy.
    [This organization must have the capacity to provide the 
essential scientific, economic political, military, 
psychological, and technological information which realistic 
arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy must be 
based. It shall have the authority, under the direction of the 
President and the Secretary of State,] The Department of State 
shall have the authority to carry out the following primary 
functions:
          (1) The preparation for and management of United 
        States participation in international negotiations and 
        implementation fora in the arms control and disarmament 
        field.
          (2) When directed by the President, the preparation 
        for, and management of, United States participation in 
        international negotiations and implementation fora in 
        the nonproliferation field.
          (3) The conduct, support, and coordination of 
        research for arms control, nonproliferation, and 
        disarmament policy formulation.
          (4) The preparation for, operation of, or, as 
        appropriate, direction of, United States participation 
        in such control systems as may become part of United 
        States arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament 
        activities.
          (5) The dissemination and coordination of public 
        information concerning arms control, nonproliferation, 
        and disarmament.
                              definitions

    Sec. 3. As used in this Act--
          (a) The terms ``arms control'' and ``disarmament'' 
        mean the identification, verification, inspection, 
        limitation, control, reduction, or elimination, of 
        armed forces and armaments of all kinds under 
        international agreement including the necessary steps 
        taken under such an agreement to establish an effective 
        system of international control, or to create and 
        strengthen international organizations for the 
        maintenance of peace.
          (b) The term ``Government agency'' means any 
        executive department, commission, agency, independent 
        establishment, corporation wholly or partly owned by 
        the United States which is an instrumentality of the 
        United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, 
        office, officer, authority, administration, or other 
        establishment in the executive branch of Government.
          [(c) The term ``Agency'' means the United States Arms 
        Control and Disarmament Agency.]
          (c) The term ``Department'' means the Department of 
        State.
          (d) The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
        State.

                         TITLE II--ORGANIZATION

           [united states arms control and disarmament agency

    [Sec. 21. There is hereby established an agency to be known 
as the ``United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency''.]

                               [director

    [Sec. 22. (a) Appointment.--The Agency shall be headed by a 
Director appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate. No person serving on active duty as a 
commissioned officer of the Armed Forces of the United States 
may be appointed Director.
    [(b) Duties.--(1) The Director shall serve as the principal 
adviser to the Secretary of State, the National Security 
Council, and the President and other executive branch 
Government officials on matters relating to arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmament. In carrying out his duties 
under this Act, the Director, under the direction of the 
President and the Secretary of State, shall have primary 
responsibility within the Government for matters relating to 
arms control and disarmament, and, whenever directed by the 
President, primary responsibility within the Government for 
matters relating to nonproliferation.
    [(2) The Director shall attend all meetings of the National 
Security Council involving weapons procurement, arms sales, 
consideration of the defense budget, and all arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmament matters.]

                            [deputy director

    [Sec. 23. A deputy Director of the Agency shall be 
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate. The Deputy Director shall have direct 
responsibility, under the supervision of the Director, for the 
administrative management of the Agency, intelligence-related 
activities, security, and the Special Compartmental 
Intelligence Facility, and shall perform such other duties and 
exercise such other powers as the Director may prescribe. He 
shall act for, and exercise the powers of, the Director during 
his absence or disability or during a vacancy in said office. 
No person serving on active duty as a commissioned officer of 
the Armed Forces of the United States may be appointed Deputy 
Director.]

                          [assistant directors

    [Sec. 24. Not to exceed four Assistant Directors may be 
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate. They shall perform such duties and exercise such 
powers as the Director may prescribe.]

                    [bureaus, offices, and divisions

    [Sec. 25. The Director may establish within the Agency such 
bureaus, offices, and divisions as he may determine to be 
necessary to discharge his responsibilities pursuant to this 
Act, including a bureau of intelligence and information support 
and an office to perform legal services for the Agency.]
          * * * * * * *

                scientific and policy advisory committee

    Sec. 26. (a) Establishment.--(1) The President may appoint 
a Scientific and Policy Advisory Committee (in this section 
referred to as the ``Committee'') of not to exceed 15 members, 
not less than eight of whom shall be scientists.
          * * * * * * *
    (b) Function.--It shall be the responsibility of the 
Committee to advise the President[, the Secretary of State, and 
the Director] and the Secretary of State respecting scientific, 
technical, and policy matters affecting arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmament.
          * * * * * * *

                  presidential special representatives

    Sec. 27. The President may appoint, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, Special Representatives of the 
President for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament 
matters. Each Presidential Special Representative shall hold 
the rank of ambassador. One such Representative may serve in 
the [Agency] Department as Chief Science Advisor. Presidential 
Special Representatives appointed under this section shall 
perform their duties and exercise their powers under the 
direction of the President and the Secretary of State[, acting 
through the Director]. The [Agency] Department shall be the 
Government agency responsible for providing administrative 
support, including funding, staff, and office space, to all 
Presidential Special Representatives.

                     program for visiting scholars

    Sec. 28. A program for visiting scholars in the fields of 
arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament shall be 
established by the [Director] Secretary in order to obtain the 
services of scholars from the faculties of recognized 
institutes of higher learning. The purpose of the program will 
be to give specialists in the physical sciences and other 
disciplines relevant to the [Agency's activities] Department's 
arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament activities an 
opportunity for active participation in the arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmament activities of the [Agency] 
Department and to gain for the [Agency] Department the 
perspective and expertise such persons can offer. Each fellow 
in the program shall be appointed for a term of one year, 
except that such term may be extended for a 1-year period. 
Fellows shall be chosen by a board consisting of the [Director] 
Secretary, who shall be the chairperson[, and all former 
Directors of the Agency].
                          TITLE III--FUNCTIONS

                                research

    Sec. 31. The [Director] Secretary is authorized and 
directed to exercise his powers in such manner as to insure the 
acquisition of a fund of theoretical and practical knowledge 
concerning disarmament and nonproliferation. To this end, the 
[Director] Secretary is authorized and directed, under the 
direction of the President, (1) to insure the conduct of 
research, development, and other studies in the fields of arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament; (2) to make 
arrangements (including contracts, agreements, and grants) for 
the conduct of research, development, and other studies in the 
fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament by 
private or public institutions or persons; and (3) to 
coordinate the research, development, and other studies 
conducted in the fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and 
disarmament by or for other Government agencies in accordance 
with procedures established under section 35 of this Act. In 
carrying out his responsibilities under this Act, the 
[Director] Secretary shall, to the maximum extent feasible, 
make full use of available facilities, Government and private. 
The authority of the [Director] Secretary with respect to 
research, development, and other studies shall be limited to 
participation in the following insofar as they relate to arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament:
          * * * * * * *
    (m) such related problems as the [Director] Secretary may 
determine to be in need of research, development, or study in 
order to carry out the provisions of this Act.

                                patents

    Sec. 32. All research within the United States contracted 
for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of 
this Act, shall be provided for in such manner that all 
information as to uses, products, processes, patents, and other 
developments resulting from such research developed by 
Government expenditure will (with such exceptions and 
limitations, if any, as the [Director] Secretary may find to be 
necessary in the public interest) be available to the general 
public. This subsection shall not be so construed as to deprive 
the owner of any background patent relating thereto of such 
rights as he may have thereunder.
    Sec. 33. (a) Formulation.--The [Director] Secretary [shall 
prepare for the President, the Secretary of State,] shall 
prepare for the President and the heads of such other 
Government agencies as the President may determine, 
recommendations and advice concerning United States arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy.
    (b) Prohibition.--No action shall be taken pursuant to this 
or any other Act that would obligate the United States to 
reduce or limit the Armed Forces or armaments of the United 
States in a military significant manner, except pursuant to the 
treaty-making powers of the President set forth in Article II, 
Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution or unless authorized by 
the enactment of further affirmative legislation by the 
Congress of the United States.
    (c) Statutory Construction.--Nothing contained in this 
chapter shall be construed to authorize any policy or action by 
any Government agency which would interfere with, restrict, or 
prohibit the acquisition, possession, or use of firearms by an 
individual for the lawful purpose of personal defense, sport, 
recreation, education, or training.
                         negotiation management

    Sec. 34. (a) Responsibilities.--The [Director] Secretary, 
under the direction of [the President and the Secretary of 
State] the President, shall have primary responsibility for the 
preparation, conduct, and management of United States 
participation in all international negotiations and 
implementation fora in the field of arms control and 
disarmament and shall have primary responsibility, whenever 
directed by the President, for the preparation, conduct, and 
management of United States participation in international 
negotiations and implementation fora in the field of 
nonproliferation. In furtherance of these responsibilities, 
Special Representatives of the President appointed pursuant to 
section 27, shall, as directed by the President, serve as the 
United States Government representatives to international 
organizations, conferences, and activities relating to the 
field of non-proliferation, such as the preparations for and 
conduct of the review relating to the Treaty on the Non-
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
    [(b) Functions With Respect to the United States 
Information Agency.--The Director shall perform functions 
pursuant to section 2(c) of the Reorganization Plan 8 of 1953 
with respect to providing to the United States Information 
Agency official United States positions and policy on arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters for 
dissemination abroad.]
    (c) Authority.--The [Director] Secretary is authorized--
          (1) for the purpose of conducting negotiations 
        concerning arms control, nonproliferation, or 
        disarmament or for the purpose of exercising any other 
        authority given him by this Act--
          * * * * * * *

                              coordination

    Sec. 35. The President is authorized to establish 
procedures to (1) assure cooperation, consultation, and a 
continuing exchange of information between the [Agency] 
Department and the Department of Defense, the Atomic Energy 
Commission, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
and other affected Government agencies, in all significant 
aspects of United States arms control, nonproliferation, and 
disarmament policy and related matters, including current and 
prospective policies, plans, and programs, (2) resolve 
differences of opinion between the [Director] Secretary and 
such other agencies which cannot be resolved through 
consultation, and (3) provide for presentation to the President 
of recommendations of the [Director] Secretary with respect to 
such differences, when such differences involve major matters 
of policy and cannot be resolved through consultation.

                        Arms Control Information

    Sec. 36. In order to assist the [Director] Secretary in the 
performance of his duties with respect to arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmament policy and negotiations, any 
Government agency preparing any legislative or budgetary 
proposal for--
          (1) any program of research, development, testing, 
        engineering, construction, deployment, or modernization 
        with respect to nuclear armaments, nuclear implements 
        of war, military facilities or military vehicles 
        designed or intended primarily for the delivery of 
        nuclear weapons,
          (2) any program of research, development, testing 
        engineering, construction, deployment, or modernization 
        with respect to armaments, ammunition, implements of 
        war, or military facilities, having--
                  (A) an estimated total program cost in excess 
                of $250,000,000, or
                  (B) an estimated total program cost in excess 
                of $50,000,000, or
          (3) any other program involving technology with 
        potential military application or weapons systems which 
        such Government agency or the [Director] Secretary 
        believes may have a significant impact on arms control, 
        nonproliferation, and disarmament policy or 
        negotiations,
shall, on a continuing basis, provide the [Director] Secretary 
with full and timely access to detailed information, in 
accordance with the procedures established pursuant to section 
35 of this Act, with respect to the nature, scope, and purpose 
of such proposal.
                       verification of compliance

    Sec. 37. (a) In General.--In order to ensure that arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements can be 
adequately verified, the [Director] Secretary shall report to 
Congress, on a timely basis, or upon request by an appropriate 
committee of the Congress--
          (1) in the case of any arms control, 
        nonproliferation, or disarmament agreement that has 
        been concluded by the United States, the determination 
        of the [Director] Secretary as to the degree to which 
        the components of such agreement can be verified;
          (2) in the case of any arms control, 
        nonproliferation, or disarmament agreement that has 
        entered into force, any significant degradation or 
        alteration in the capacity of the United States to 
        verify compliance of the components of such agreement;
          (3) the amount and percentage of research funds 
        expended by the [Agency] Department for the purpose of 
        analyzing issues relating to arms control, 
        nonproliferation, and disarmament verification; and
          (4) the number of professional personnel assigned to 
        arms control verification on a full-time basis by each 
        Government agency.
    (b) Standard for Verification of Compliance.--In making 
determinations under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a), 
the [Director] Secretary shall assume that all measures of 
concealment not expressly prohibited could be employed and that 
standard practices could be altered so as to impede 
verification.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--Except as otherwise provided for 
by law, nothing in this section may be construed as requiring 
the disclosure of sensitive information relating to 
intelligence sources or methods or persons employed in the 
verification of compliance with arms control, nonproliferation, 
and disarmament agreements.
    (d) Participation of the [Agency] Department.--In order to 
ensure adherence of the United States to obligations or 
commitments undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, and 
disarmament agreements, and in order for the [Director] 
Secretary to make the assessment required by section 51(a)(5), 
the [Director] Secretary or the [Director's designee] 
Secretary's designee, shall participate in all interagency 
groups or organizations within the executive branch of 
Government that assess, analyze, or review United States 
planned or ongoing policies, programs, or actions that have a 
direct bearing on United States adherence to obligations 
undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament 
agreements.

                          negotiating records

    Sec. 38. (a) Preparation of Records.--The [Director] 
Secretary shall establish and maintain records for each arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreement to which 
the United States is a party and which was under negotiation or 
in force on or after January 1, 1990, which shall include 
classified and unclassified materials such as instructions and 
guidance, position papers, reporting cables and memoranda of 
conversation, working papers, draft texts of the agreement, 
diplomatic notes, notes verbal, and other internal and external 
correspondence.
    (b) Negotiating and Implementation Records.--In particular, 
the [Director] Secretary shall establish and maintain a 
negotiating and implementation record for each such agreement, 
which shall be comprehensive and detailed, and shall document 
all communications between the parties with respect to such 
agreement. Such records shall be maintained both in hard copy 
and magnetic media.
    (c) Participation of the [Agency] Department Personnel.--In 
order to implement effectively this section, the [Director] 
Secretary shall ensure that [Agency] Department personnel 
participate throughout the negotiation and implementation 
phases of all arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament 
agreements.

   comprehensive compilation of arms control, and disarmament studies

    Sec. 39. Pursuant to his responsibilities under section 31 
of this Act, and in order to enhance Congressional and public 
understanding of arms control, nonproliferation, and 
disarmament issues, the [Director] Secretary shall provide to 
the Congress not later than June 30 of each year a report 
setting forth--
          * * * * * * *

                      TITLE IV--GENERAL PROVISIONS

                           general authority

    [Sec. 41. In the performance of his functions, the Director 
is authorized to--
    [(a) utilize or employ the services, personnel, equipment, 
or facilities of any other Government agency, with the consent 
of the agency concerned, to perform such functions on behalf of 
the Agency as may appear desirable. It is the intent of this 
section that the Director rely upon the Department of State for 
general administrative services in the United States and abroad 
to the extent agreed upon between the Secretary of State and 
the Director. Any Government agency is authorized, 
notwithstanding any other provision of law, to transfer or to 
receive from the Director, without reimbursement, supplies and 
equipment other than administrative supplies or equipment. 
Transfer or receipt of excess property shall be in accordance 
with the provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative 
Services Act of 1949, as amended;
    [(b) appoint officers and employees, including attorneys, 
for the Agency in accordance with the provisions of title 5, 
United States Code, governing appointment in the competitive 
service, and fix their compensation in accordance with chapter 
51 and with subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title, 
relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, 
except that the Director may, to the extent the Director 
determines necessary to the discharge of his responsibilities, 
appoint and fix the compensation of employees possessing 
specialized technical expertise without regard to the 
provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing 
appointments in the competitive service and the provisions of 
chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title 
relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, if 
the Director ensures that--
          [(1) any employee who is appointed under this 
        exception is not paid at a rate--
                [(A) in excess of the rate payable for 
                positions of equivalent difficulty or 
                responsibility, or
                [(B) exceeding the maximum rate payable for 
                grade 15 of the General Schedule; and
          [(2) the number of employees appointed under this 
        exception shall not exceed 10 percent of the Agency's 
        full-time equivalent ceiling.
    [(c) enter into agreements with other Government agencies, 
including the military departments through the Secretary of 
Defense, under which officers or employees of such agencies may 
be detailed to the Agency for the performance of service 
pursuant to this Act without prejudice to the status or 
advancement of such officers or employees within their own 
agencies;
    [(d) procure services of experts and consultants or 
organizations thereof, including stenographic reporting 
services, as authorized by section 3109 of title 5 of the 
United States Code, and to pay in connection therewith travel 
expenses of individuals, including transportation and per diem 
in lieu of subsistence while away from their homes or regular 
places of business, as authorized by section 5703 of such 
title: Provided, That no such individual shall be employed for 
more than 130 days in any fiscal year unless the President 
certifies that employment of such individual in excess of such 
number of days is necessary in the national interest: And 
provided further, That such contracts be renewed annually;
    [(e) employ individuals of outstanding ability without 
compensation in accordance with the provisions of section 
710(b) of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 
U.S.C. App. 2160), and regulations issued thereunder;
    [(f) establish advisory boards to advise with and make 
recommendations to the Director on United States arms control 
and disarmament policy and activities. The new members of such 
board may receive the compensation ad reimbursement for 
expenses specified for consultants by section 41(d) of this 
Act;
    [(g) permit, under such terms and conditions as he may 
prescribe, any officer or employee of the Agency, in connection 
with the attendance by such officer or employee at meetings or 
in performing advisory services concerned with the functions or 
activities of the Agency, to accept payment, in cash or in 
kind, from any private agency or organization, or from any 
individual affiliated with such agency or organization, for 
travel and subsistence expenses, such payment to be retained by 
such officer or employee to cover the cost thereof or to be 
deposited to the credit of the appropriation from which the 
cost thereof is paid;
    [(h) administer oaths and take sworn statements in the 
course of an investigation made pursuant to the Director's 
responsibilities under this Act;
    [(i) delegate, as appropriate, to the Deputy director or 
other officers of the Agency, any authority conferred upon the 
Director by the provisions of this Act; and
    [(j) make, promulgate, issue, rescind, and amend such rules 
and regulations as may be necessary or desirable to the 
exercise of any authority conferred upon the Director by the 
provisions of this Act.]
                       foreign service personnel

    Sec. 42. (a) The Secretary of State may authorize the 
[Director] Secretary to exercise, with respect to members of 
the Foreign Service appointed or employed for the [Agency] 
Department--
          * * * * * * *
    (b) Limited appointments of members of the Foreign Service 
for the [Agency] Department may be extended or renewed, 
notwithstanding section 309 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, 
so long as the service of the individual under such appointment 
does not exceed ten consecutive years without a break in 
service of at least one year.

                       contracts or expenditures

    Sec. 43. The President may, in advance, exempt actions of 
the [Director] Secretary from the provisions of law relating to 
contracts or expenditures of Government funds whenever he 
determines that such action is essential in the interest of 
United States arms control and disarmament and security policy.

            conflict-of-interest and dual compensation laws

    Sec. 44. The members of the General Advisory Committee 
created by section 26 of this Act, and the members of the 
advisory boards, the consultants, and the individuals of 
outstanding ability employed without compensation, all of which 
are provided in section 41 of this Act, may serve as such 
without regard to the provisions of section 281, 283, or 1914 
of title 18 of the United States Code, or of section 190 of the 
Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C. 99), or of any other Federal law 
imposing restrictions, requirements, or penalties in relation 
to the employment of individuals, the performance of services, 
or the payment or receipt of compensation in connection with 
any claim, proceeding, or matter involving the United States 
Government, except insofar as such provisions of law may 
prohibit any such individual from receiving compensation from a 
source other than a nonprofit educational institution in 
respect of any particular matter in which the [Agency] 
Department is directly interested. Nor shall such service be 
considered as employment or holding of office or position 
bringing such individual within the provisions of section 13 of 
the Civil Service Retirement Act (5 U.S.C. 2263), or any other 
Federal law limiting the reemployment of retired officers or 
employees or governing the simultaneous receipt of compensation 
and retired pay or annuities, subject to section 201 of the 
Dual Compensation Act.

                         security requirements

    Sec. 45. (a) The [Director] Secretary shall establish such 
security and loyalty requirements, restrictions, and safeguards 
as he deems necessary in the interest of the national security 
and to carry out the provisions of this Act. Except as provided 
in subsection (d), the [Director] Secretary shall arrange with 
the Civil Service Commission for the conduct of full-field 
background security and loyalty investigations of all the 
Agency's officers, employees, consultants, persons detailed 
from other Government agencies, members of its General Advisory 
Committee, advisory boards, contractors and subcontractors, and 
their officers and employees, actual or prospective. In the 
case of persons detailed from other Government agencies or 
employed directly from other Government agencies, the 
[Director] Secretary may accept the results of full-field 
background security and loyalty investigations conducted by 
such agencies as the basis for the determination required by 
this subsection that the person is not a security risk or of 
doubtful loyalty. In the event the investigation discloses 
information indicating that the person investigated may be or 
may become a security risk, or may be of doubtful loyalty, the 
report of the investigation shall be turned over to the Federal 
Bureau of Investigation for a full-field investigation. The 
final results of all such investigations shall be turned over 
to the [Director] Secretary for final determination. Except as 
provided in subsection (d), no person shall be permitted to 
enter on duty as such an officer, employee, consultant, or 
member of advisory committee or board, or pursuant to any such 
detail, and no contractor or subcontractor, or officer or 
employee thereof shall be permitted to have access to any 
classified information, until he shall have been investigated 
in accordance with this subsection and the report of such 
investigations made to the [Director] Secretary, and the 
[Director] Secretary shall have determined that such person is 
not a security risk or of doubtful loyalty. Standards 
applicable with respect to the security clearance of persons 
within any category referred to in this subsection shall not be 
less stringent, and the investigation of such persons for such 
purposes shall not be less intensive or complete, than in the 
case of such clearance of persons in a corresponding category 
under the security procedures of the Government agency or 
agencies having the highest security restrictions with respect 
to persons in such category.
    (b) In the case of contractors or subcontractors and their 
officers or employees, actual or prospective, the [Director] 
Secretary may accept, in lieu of the investigation prescribed 
in subsection (a) hereof, a report of investigation conducted 
by a Government agency, other than the Civil Service Commission 
or the Federal Bureau of Investigation, when it is determined 
by the [Director] Secretary that the completed investigation 
meets the standards established in subsection (a) hereof: 
Provided, That security clearance had been granted to the 
individual concerned by another Government agency based upon 
such investigation and report. The [Director] Secretary may 
also grant access for information classified no higher than 
``confidential'' to contractors or subcontractors and their 
officers and employees, actual or prospective, on the basis of 
reports on less than full-field investigations: Provide, That 
such investigations shall each include a current national 
agency check. Notwithstanding the foregoing and the provisions 
of subsection (a), the [Director] Secretary may also grant 
access to classified information to contractors or 
subcontractors and their officers and employees, actual or 
prospective, on the basis of a security clearance granted by 
the Department of Defense, or any agency thereof, to the 
individual concerned; except that any access to Restricted Data 
shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (c).
    (c) The Atomic Energy Commission may authorize any of its 
employees, or employees of any contractor, prospective 
contractor, licensee, or prospective licensee of the Atomic 
Energy Commission, or any other person authorized to have 
access to Restricted Data by the Atomic Energy Commission under 
section 2165 of title 42, to permit the [Director] Secretary or 
any officer, employee, consultant, person detailed from other 
Government agencies, member of the General Advisory Committee 
or of an advisory board established pursuant to section 41(f), 
contractor, subcontractor, prospective contractor, or 
prospective subcontractor, or officer or employee of such 
contractor subcontractor, prospective contractor, or 
prospective subcontractor, to have access to Restricted Data 
which is required in the performance of his duties and so 
certified by the [Director] Secretary, but only if (1) the 
Atomic Energy Commission has determined, in accordance with the 
established personnel security procedures and standards of the 
Commission, that permitting such individual to have access to 
such Restricted Data will not endanger the common defense and 
security, and (2) the Atomic Energy Commission finds that the 
established personnel and other security procedures and 
standards of the [Agency] Department are adequate and in 
reasonable conformity to the standards established by the 
Atomic Energy Commission under section 2165 of title 42, 
including those for interim clearance in subsection (b) 
thereof. Any individual granted access to such Restricted Data 
pursuant to this subsection may exchange such data with any 
individual who (A) is an officer or employee of the Department 
of Defense, or any department or agency thereof, or a member of 
the Armed Forces, or an officer or employee of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, or a contractor or 
subcontractor of any such department, agency, or armed force, 
or an officer or employee of any such contractor or 
subcontractor, and (B) has been authorized to have access to 
Restricted Data under the provisions of sections 2163 or 2455 
of title 42.
    (d) the investigations and determination required under 
subsection (a) may be waived by the [Director] Secretary in the 
case of any consultant who will not be permitted to have access 
to classified information if the [Director] Secretary 
determines and certifies in writing that such waiver is in the 
best interests of the United States.
                       comptroller general audit

    Sec. 46. No moneys appropriated for the purposes of this 
Act shall be available for payment under any contract with the 
[Director] Secretary, negotiated without advertising, except 
contracts with any foreign government, international 
organization or any agency thereof, unless such contract 
includes a clause to the effect that the Comptroller General of 
the United States or any of his duly authorized representatives 
shall, until the expiration of three years after final payment, 
have access to and the right to examine any directly pertinent 
books, documents, papers, and records of the contractor or any 
of his subcontractors engaged in the performance of, and 
involving transactions related to such contracts or 
subcontracts: Provided, however, That no moneys so appropriated 
shall be available for payment under such contract which 
includes any provisions precluding an audit by the General 
Accounting Office of any transactions under such contract: And 
provided further, That nothing in this section shall preclude 
the earlier disposal of contractor and subcontractor records in 
accordance with records disposal schedules agreed upon between 
the Director and the General Accounting Office.

            transfer of activities and facilities to agency

    Sec. 47. (a) The United States Disarmament Administration, 
together with its records, property, personnel, and funds, is 
hereby transferred to the [Agency] Department. The 
appropriations and unexpended balances of appropriations 
transferred pursuant to this subsection shall be available for 
expenditure for any and all objects of expenditure authorized 
by this Act, without regard to the requirements of 
apportionment under section 665 of title 31.
    (b) The President, by Executive order, may transfer to the 
[Director] Secretary any activities or facilities of any 
government agency which relate primarily to arms control and 
disarmament. In connection with any such transfer, the 
President may under this section or other applicable authority, 
provide for appropriate transfers of records, property, 
civilian personnel, and funds. No transfer shall be made under 
this subsection until (1) a full and complete report concerning 
the nature and effect of such proposed transfer has been 
transmitted by the President to the Congress, and (2) the first 
period of sixty calendar days of regular session of the 
Congress following the date of receipt of such report by the 
Congress has expired without adoption by either House of the 
Congress of a resolution stating that such House does not favor 
such transfer. The procedures prescribed in title II of the 
Reorganization Act of 1949 shall apply to any such resolution.

                              use of funds

    [Sec. 48. Appropriations made to the Director for the 
purposes of this Act, and transfers of funds to him by other 
Government agencies for such purposes, shall be available to 
him to exercise any authority granted him by this Act, 
including, without limitation, expenses of printing and binding 
without regard to the provisions of section 11 of the Act of 
March 1, 1919 (44 U.S.C. 111); purchase or hire of one 
passenger motor vehicle for the official use of the Director; 
entertainment and official courtesies to the extent authorized 
by appropriation; expenditures for training and study; 
expenditures in connection with participation in international 
conferences for the purposes of this Act; and expenses in 
connection with travel of personnel outside the United States, 
including transportation expenses of dependents, household 
goods, and personal effects (including any such travel or 
transportation any part of which begins in one fiscal year 
pursuant to travel orders issued in that fiscal year, but which 
is completed after the end of that fiscal year), and expenses 
authorized by the Foreign Service Act of 1980, not otherwise 
provided for.]

  specialists fluent in russian or other languages of the independent 
                   states of the former soviet union

    Sec. 49. The [Director] Secretary is authorized to create 
up to eight additional permanent personal positions at both 
junior and more senior levels for specialists in the foreign 
and military policies of the independent states of the former 
Union, arms control, or strategic affairs of the former Soviet 
Union, who also demonstrate fluency in the Russian language or 
another language of the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union.

                        [acda inspector general

    [Sec. 50. (a) Establishment and Duties.--There shall be an 
Office of the Inspector General at the Agency headed by the 
Inspector General of the Agency who shall have the duties, 
responsibilities, and authorities specified in the Inspector 
General Act of 1978.
    [(b) Duality of Appointment.--An individual appointed to 
the position of Inspector General of the Department of State 
shall, by virtue of such appointment, also hold the position of 
Inspector General of the Agency.
    [(c) Utilization of Staff.--The Inspector General of the 
Agency shall utilize personnel of the Office of the Inspector 
General of the Department of State in performing the duties of 
the Inspector General of the Agency, and shall not appoint any 
individuals to positions within the Agency.
    [(d) References.--For purposes of this section, references 
in the Inspector General Act of 1978 to the establishment 
involved, to the head of the establishment, and to an Inspector 
General shall be deemed to be references to the Agency, the 
Director of the Agency, and Inspector General of the Agency, 
respectively, except to the extent inconsistent with the 
section.]
                       annual report to congress

    Sec. 51. (a) In General.--Not later than January 31 of each 
year, the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives and to the chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate a report prepared by the Director, in 
consultation with the [Secretary of State,] the Secretary of 
Defense, the Secretary of Energy, the Chairman of the Joint 
Chiefs of Staff, and the [Director] Secretary of Central 
Intelligence, on the status of United States policy and actions 
with respect to arms control, nonproliferation, and 
disarmament. Such report shall include--
          * * * * * * *

 public annual report on world military expenditures and arms transfers

    Sec. 52. Not later than December 31 of each year, the 
[Director] Secretary shall publish an unclassified report on 
world military expenditures and arms transfers. Such report 
shall provide detailed, comprehensive, and statistical 
information regarding military expenditures, arms transfers, 
armed forces, and related economic data for each country of the 
world. In addition, such report shall include pertinent in-
depth analyses as well as highlights with respect to arms 
transfers and proliferation trends and initiatives affecting 
such developments.

            [requirement for authorization of appropriations

    [Sec. 53. (a) Limitation on Obligation and Expenditure of 
Funds.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the 
fiscal year 1994 and for each subsequent year, any funds 
appropriated for the Agency shall not be available for 
obligation or expenditure--
          [(1) unless such funds are appropriated pursuant to 
        an authorization of appropriations; or
          [(2) in excess of the authorized level of 
        appropriations.
    [(b) Subsequent Authorization.--The limitation under 
subsection (a) shall not apply to the extent that an 
authorization of appropriations is enacted after such funds are 
appropriated.
    [(c) Application.--The provisions of this section--
          [(1) may not be superseded, except by a provision of 
        law which specifically repeals, modifies, or supersedes 
        the provisions of this section; and
          (2) shall not apply to, or affect in any manner, 
        permanent appropriations, trust funds, and other 
        similar accounts which are authorized by law and 
        administered by the Agency.]
          * * * * * * *

                 TITLE V--ON-SITE INSPECTION ACTIVITIES

                                findings

    Sec. 61. The Congress finds that--
          (1) under this Act, the [United States Arms Control 
        and Disarmament Agency is] Department of State and the 
        Department of Defense are respectively charged with the 
        ``formulation and implementation of United States arms 
        control and disarmament policy in a manner which will 
        promote the national security'';
          * * * * * * *
          (7) the senior officials of the On-Site Inspection 
        [Agency] Department include representatives from [the 
        United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and] 
        the Department of State.

  policy coordination concerning implementation of on-site inspection 
                               provisions

    Sec. 62. (a) * * *
    (c) Role of the [Director] Secretary.--The [Director] 
Secretary should provide to the interagency mechanism described 
in subsection (a) appropriate recommendations for policy 
guidance to OSIA consistent with sections 2(d), 22, and 34(c) 
of this Act.

        authorizations of appropriations for on-site inspection

    Sec. 63. There are authorized to be appropriated 
$49,830,000 for fiscal year 1990 and $48,831,000 for fiscal 
year 1991 for the expenses of the On-Site Inspection [Agency] 
Department in carrying out on-site inspection activities 
pursuant to the INF Treaty.
          * * * * * * *

                              definitions

    Sec. 65. As used in this title--
          (1) the term ``INF Treaty'' means the Treaty Between 
        the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist 
        Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-
        Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (signed at Washington, 
        December 8, 1987);
          (2) the term ``OSIA'' means the On-Site Inspection 
        [Agency] Department established by the President, or 
        such other agency as may be designated by the President 
        to carry out the on-site inspection provisions of the 
        INF Treaty;

     United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948

          * * * * * * *
           TITLE I--SHORT TITLE, OBJECTIVES, AND DEFINITIONS

                              short title

    Section 1. This Act may be cited as the ``United States 
Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948''.
           * * * * * * *

                               defintions

    Sec. 4. When used in this Act, the term--
    (1) ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of State
    (2) ``Department'' means the Department of State.
    (3) ``Government agency'' means any executive department, 
board, bureau, commission, or other agency of the Federal 
Government, or independent establishment, or any corporation 
wholly owned (either directly or through one or more 
corporations) by the United States.
    (4) ``informational and educational exchange functions'', 
with respect to the Department of State, refers to functions 
exercised by the United States Information Agency before the 
effective date of section 1329 of the Foreign Affairs 
Reinvention Act of 1995.
           * * * * * * *

                  TITLE III--ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS

                         persons to be assigned

    Sec. 301. The [Director of the United States Information 
Agency] Secretary of State is authorized, when the government 
of another country is desirous of obtaining the services of a 
person having special scientific or other technical or 
professional qualifications, from time to time to assign or 
authorize the assignment for service, to or in cooperation with 
such government, any person in the employ or service of the 
Government of the United States who has such qualifications, 
with the approval of the Government agency in which such person 
is employed or serving. No person shall be assigned for service 
to or in cooperation with the government of any country unless 
(1) the [Director] Secretary of State finds that such 
assignment is necessary in the national interest of the United 
States, or (2) such government agrees to reimburse the United 
States in an amount equal to the compensation, travel expenses, 
and allowances payable to such person during the period of such 
assignment in accordance with the provisions of section 302, or 
(3) such government shall have made an advance of funds, 
property, or services as provided in section 902. Nothing in 
this Act, however, shall authorize the assignment of such 
personnel for service relating to the organization, training, 
operation, development, or combat equipment of the armed forces 
of a foreign government.
          * * * * * * *

             acceptance of office under another government

    Sec. 303. Any person in the employ or service of the 
Government of the United States, while assigned for service to 
or in cooperation with another government under authority of 
this Act may, at the discretion of his Government agency, with 
the concurrence of the [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State, and without additional 
compensation therefor, accept an office under the government to 
which he is assigned, if the acceptance of such an office in 
the opinion of such agency is necessary to permit the effective 
performance of duties for which he is assigned, including the 
making or approving on behalf of such foreign government the 
disbursement of funds provided by such government or of 
receiving from such foreign government funds for deposit and 
disbursement on behalf of such government, in carrying out 
programs undertaken pursuant to this Act: Provided, however, 
That such acceptance of office shall in no case involve the 
taking of an oath of allegiance to another government.
           * * * * * * *
    Sec. 501. (a) * * *
    (b)(1) The [Director of the United States Information 
Agency] Secretary of State shall make available to the 
Archivist of the United States, for domestic distribution, 
motion pictures, films, videotapes, and other material prepared 
for dissemination abroad 12 years after the initial 
dissemination of the material abroad or, in the case of such 
material not disseminated abroad, 12 years after the 
preparation of the material.
    (2) The [Director of the United States Information Agency] 
Secretary of State shall be reimbursed for any attendant 
expenses. Any reimbursement to the [Director] Secretary of 
State pursuant to this subsection shall be credited to the 
applicable appropriation of the [United States Information 
Agency] Department of State.
          * * * * * * *
                     usia satellite and television

    Sec. 505. (a) In General.--The [Director of the United 
States Information Agency] Secretary of State is authorized to 
lease or otherwise acquire time on commercial or United States 
Government satellites for the purpose of transmitting materials 
and programs to posts and other users abroad.
    (b) Broadcast Principles.--The Congress finds that the 
long-term interests of the United States are served by 
communicating directly with the peoples of the world by 
television. [To be effective, the United States Information 
Agency] To be effective in carrying out this subsection, the 
Department of State must win the attention and respect of 
viewers. These principles will therefore govern the Agency's 
television broadcasts (hereinafter in this section referred to 
as ``USIA-TV''):
          (1) [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV  will serve as a 
        consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. 
        USIA-TV news will be accurate and objective.
          (2) [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV  will represent 
        the United States, not any single segment of American 
        society and will, therefore, present a balanced and 
        comprehensive projection of significant American 
        thought and institutions.
          (3) [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV  will present 
        the policies of the United States clearly and 
        effectively and will also present responsible 
        discussions and opinion on these policies.
    (c) Programs.--The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State is authorized to 
produce, acquire, or broadcast television programs, via 
satellite, only if such programs--
          (1) are interactive, consisting of interviews among 
        participants in different locales;
          (2) cover news, public affairs, or other current 
        events;
          (3) cover official activities of government, Federal 
        or State, including congressional proceedings and news 
        briefings of any agency of the Executive branch; or
          (4) are of an artistic or scientific character or are 
        otherwise representative of American culture.
    (d) Costs.--When a comparable program produced by United 
States public or commercial broadcasters and producers is 
available at a cost which is equal to or less than the cost of 
production by [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV the [Director of 
the United States Information Agency] Secretary of State shall 
use such materials in preference to [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF 
STATE-TV produced materials.
    [(e) Allocation of Funds.--(1) Of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated to the United States Information Agency not 
more than $12,000,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and not more 
than $12,480,000 for the fiscal year 1991 may be obligated or 
expended for USIA-TV.
    [(2) The United States Information Agency shall prepare and 
submit to the Congress quarterly reports which contain a 
detailed explanation of expenditures for USIA-TV during the 
fiscal years 1990 and 1991. Such reports shall contain specific 
justification and supporting information pertaining to all 
programs, particularly those described in subsection (c)(4), 
that were produced in-house by USIA-TV. Each such report shall 
include a statement by the Director of the United States 
Information Agency that, according to the best information 
available to the United States Information Agency, no 
comparable United States commercially-produced or public 
television program is available at a cost which is equal to or 
less than the cost of production by USIA-TV.
    [(3) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the 
United States Information Agency, $1,500,000 for the fiscal 
year 1990 and $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1991 shall be 
available only for the purchase or use of programs produced 
with grants from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting or 
produced by United States public broadcasters.]

                   voice of america hiring practices

    Sec. 506. (a) Prohibition.--After the date of enactment of 
this section, the Voice of America shall not select candidates 
for employment who must be or are preapproved for employment at 
the Voice of America by a foreign government or an entity 
controlled by a foreign government.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Report.--If the [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State determines that the 
prohibition under subsection (a) would require the termination 
of a specific Voice of America foreign language service, then, 
not less than 90 days before the [Agency] Department of State 
begins to recruit such candidates, the [Director] Secretary of 
State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives a report concerning--

         united states advisory commission on public diplomacy

    Sec. 604. (a) Establishment.--(1) There is established an 
advisory commission to be known as the United States Advisory 
Commission on Public Diplomacy.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Duties and Responsibilities.--(1) The Commission shall 
formulate and recommend to [the Director of the United States 
Information Agency,] the Secretary of State, and the President 
policies and programs to carry out the functions vested in the 
[Director or the Agency, and shall appraise the effectiveness 
of policies and programs of the Agency] Secretary of State or 
the Department of State, and shall appraise the effectiveness 
of the information, educational, and cultural policies and 
programs of the Department.
    (2) The Commission shall submit to the Congress, the 
President, [the Secretary of State, and the Director of the 
United States Information Agency] and the Secretary of State 
annual reports on programs and activities carried out by the 
[Agency] Secretary of State, including appraisals, where 
feasible, as to the effectiveness of the several programs. The 
Commission shall also include in such reports such 
recommendations as shall have been made by the Commission to 
the [Director for effectuating the purposes and the Agency] 
Secretary for effectuating the information, educational, and 
cultural functions of the Department, and the action taken to 
carry out such recommendations.
    (3) The Commission may also submit such other reports to 
the Congress as it considers appropriate, and shall make 
reports to the public in the United States and abroad to 
develop a better understanding of and support for the programs 
conducted by the Agency.
    (4) The Commission's reports to the Congress shall include 
assessments of the degree to which the scholarly integrity and 
nonpolitical character of the educational and cultural exchange 
activities vested in the [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State have been maintained, 
and assessments of the attitudes of foreign scholars and 
governments regarding such activities.
    Sec. 701. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of law enacted 
before the date of enactment of the United States Information 
Agency Appropriation Authorization Act of 1973, no money 
appropriated to carry out this Act shall be available for 
obligation or expenditure--
          (1) unless the appropriation thereof has been 
        previously authorized by law; or
          (2) in excess of an amount previously prescribed by 
        law.
    (b) To the extent that legislation enacted after the making 
of an appropriation to carry out this Act authorizes the 
obligation or expenditure thereof, the limitation contained in 
subsection (a) shall have no effect.
    (c) The provisions of this section shall not be superseded 
except by a provision of law enacted after the date of 
enactment of the United States Information Agency Appropriation 
Authorization Act of 1973, which specifically repeals, 
modifies, or supersedes the provisions of this section.
    (d) The provisions of this section shall not apply with 
respect to appropriations made available under the joint 
resolution entitled ``Joint resolution making continuing 
appropriations for the fiscal year 1974, and for other 
purposes'', approved July 1, 1973, and any provision of law 
specifically amending such joint resolution enacted through 
October 16, 1973.
    (e) The provisions of this section shall not apply to, or 
affect in any manner, permanent appropriations, trust funds, 
and other similar accounts administered by the [United States 
Information Agency] Department of State as authorized by law.
    (f) (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), funds authorized 
to be appropriated for any account of the United States 
Information Agency, in the Department of State and Related 
Agencies Appropriations Act, for the second fiscal year of any 
2-year authorization cycle may be appropriated for such second 
fiscal year for any other account of the [United States 
Information Agency] Department of State.
    (2) Amounts appropriated for the ``Salaries and Expenses'' 
and ``Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs'' accounts may 
not exceed by more than 5 percent the amount specifically 
authorized to be appropriated for each such account for a 
fiscal year. No other appropriations account may exceed by more 
than 10 percent the amount specifically authorized to be 
appropriated for such account for a fiscal year.
    (3) The requirements and limitations of subsection (a) 
shall not apply to the appropriation of funds pursuant to this 
subsection.
    (4) This subsection shall cease to have effect after 
[September 30 1995] March 1, 1997.

          United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 4. (a) Periodic Reports--The President shall, from 
time to time as occasion may require, but not less than once 
each year, make reports to the Congress of the activities of 
the United Nations and of the participation of the United 
States therein. [He shall make special current reports on 
decisions of the Security Council to take enforcement measures 
under the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, and 
on the participation therein, under his instructions, of the 
representative of the United States.]
          * * * * * * *
    (d) Annual Report.--In addition to the report required by 
subsection (a), the President, at the time of submission of the 
annual budget request to the Congress, shall submit to the 
designated congressional committees a report that includes the 
following:
        (1) Costs of peacekeeping operations.--
                  (A) In accordance with section 407(a)(4)(B) 
                of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
                Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995, a description of 
                all assistance provided by the United States to 
                the United Nations to support peacekeeping 
                operations during the previous calendar quarter 
                and during the previous year.
                  (B) With respect to United Nations 
                peacekeeping operations--
                          (i) the aggregate cost of all United 
                        Nations peacekeeping operations for the 
                        prior fiscal year;
                          (ii) the cost of each United Nations 
                        peacekeeping operation for the prior 
                        fiscal year; and
                          (iii) the amount of United States 
                        contributions (both assessed and 
                        voluntary) to United Nations 
                        peacekeeping operations on an 
                        operation-by-operation basis for the 
                        prior fiscal year.
                  (C) With respect to other international 
                peacekeeping operations in which the United 
                States participates--
                          (i) the aggregate cost of all such 
                        operations for the prior fiscal year;
                          (ii) the costs of each such operation 
                        for the prior fiscal year; and
                          (iii) the amount of United States 
                        contributions (both assessed and 
                        voluntary) to such operations on an 
                        operation-by-operation basis for the 
                        prior fiscal year.
                  (D) A description of the anticipated budget 
                for the next fiscal year for United States 
                participation in United Nations peacekeeping 
                activities, including a statement of--
                          (i) the aggregate amount of funds 
                        available to the United Nations for 
                        that fiscal year, including assessed 
                        and voluntary contributions, which may 
                        be made available for United Nations 
                        peacekeeping activities; and
                          (ii) the aggregate amount of funds 
                        (from all accounts) and the aggregate 
                        costs of in-kind contributions that the 
                        United States proposes to make 
                        available to the United Nations for 
                        that fiscal year for United Nations 
                        peacekeeping activities.
                  [(D)] (E) In the case of the first 2 reports 
                submitted pursuant to this subsection, a 
                projection of all United States costs for 
                United Nations peacekeeping operations during 
                each of the next 2 fiscal years, including 
                assessed and voluntary contributions.
           * * * * * * *
    [(a)] (e) Consultations and Reports on U.N. Peacekeeping 
Operations.--
          (1) Consultations.--Each month the President shall 
        consult with the Congress on the status of United 
        Nations peacekeeping operations.
          (2) Information to be provided.--In connection with 
        these consultations, the following information shall be 
        provided in written form not later than the 10th day of 
        each month to the designated congressional committees:
                  (A) With respect to ongoing United Nations 
                peacekeeping operations, the following:
                          (i) A list of all resolutions of the 
                        United Nations Security Council 
                        anticipated to be voted on during such 
                        month that would extend or change the 
                        mandate of any United Nations 
                        peacekeeping operation.
                          (ii) For each such operation, any 
                        changes in the duration, mandate, and 
                        command and control arrangements that 
                        are anticipated as a result of the 
                        adoption of the resolution.
                          (iii) An estimate of the total cost 
                        to the United Nations of each such 
                        operation for the period covered by the 
                        resolution, and an estimate of the 
                        amount of that cost that will be 
                        assessed to the United States.
                          (iv) Any anticipated significant 
                        changes in United States participation 
                        in or support for each such operation 
                        during the period covered by the 
                        resolution (including facilities, 
                        training, transportation, 
                        communication, and logistical support, 
                        but not including intelligence 
                        activities reportable under title V of 
                        the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
                        U.S.C. 413 et seq.)) and the estimated 
                        costs to the United States of such 
                        changes.
                  (B) With respect to each new United Nations 
                peacekeeping operation that is anticipated to 
                be authorized by a Security Council resolution 
                during such month, the following information 
                for the period covered by the resolution:
                          (i) The anticipated duration, 
                        mandate, and command and control 
                        arrangements of such operation.
                          (ii) An estimate of the total cost to 
                        the United Nations of the operation, 
                        and an estimate of the amount of the 
                        cost that will be assessed to the 
                        United States.
                          (iii) A description of the functions 
                        that would be performed by any United 
                        States Armed Forces participating in or 
                        otherwise operating in support of the 
                        operation, an estimate of the number of 
                        members of the Armed Forces that will 
                        participate in or otherwise operate in 
                        support of the operation, and an 
                        estimate of the cost to the United 
                        States of such participation or 
                        support.
                          (iv) A description of any other 
                        United States assistance to or support 
                        for the operation (including 
                        facilities, training, transportation, 
                        communication, and logistical support, 
                        but not including intelligence 
                        activities reportable under title V of 
                        the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
                        U.S.C. 413 et seq.)), and an estimate 
                        of the cost to the United States of 
                        such assistance or support.
          [(3) Written information.--The information described 
        in clauses (i) and (iii) of paragraph (2)(A) and the 
        information described in clauses (i) and (ii) of 
        paragraph (2)(B) shall be provided each month to the 
        designated congressional committees in written form not 
        later than the 10th day of that month.]
          [(4)] (3) Interim information.--(A) The President 
        shall submit to the designated congressional committees 
        a written interim report if, during the period between 
        the monthly consultations required by paragraph (1), 
        the United States learns that the United Nations 
        Security Council is likely, before the next such 
        consultation, to vote on a resolution that would 
        authorize a new United Nations peacekeeping operation 
        and that resolution was not previously reported on 
        pursuant to paragraph (2)(B). Each interim report shall 
        include the information described in clauses (i) [and 
        (ii)] through (iv) of paragraph (2)(B).
          (B) Any such interim report shall be submitted not 
        less than 5 days before the vote of the United Nations 
        Security Council, unless the President determines that 
        exceptional circumstances prevented compliance with the 
        requirement to report 5 days in advance. If the 
        President makes such a determination, the interim 
        report shall be submitted promptly (but in no case 
        later than 3 days after the vote) and shall include a 
        copy of the determination and a description of the 
        exceptional circumstances which were the basis for 
        determination.
          (4) New united nations peacekeeping operation 
        defined.--As used in paragraphs (2)(B) and (3), the 
        term `new United Nations peacekeeping operation 
        includes any existing or otherwise ongoing United 
        Nations peacekeeping operation--
                  (A) that is to be expanded by more than 25 
                percent during the period covered by the 
                Security Council resolution, as measured by 
                either the number of personnel participating 
                (or authorized to participate) in the operation 
                or the budget of the operation; or
                  (B) that is to be authorized to operate in a 
                country in which it was not previously 
                authorized to operate.
          [(5) Notification and quarterly reports regarding 
        united states assistance.--(A) The President shall 
        notify the designated congressional committees at least 
        15 days before the United States provides any 
        assistance to the United Nations to support 
        peacekeeping operations. This subparagraph does not 
        apply to--
                  [(i) assistance having a value of less than 
                $3,000,000 in the case of nonreimbursable 
                assistance or less than $14,000,000 in the case 
                of reimbursable assistance, or
                  [(ii) assistance provided under the emergency 
                drawdown authority of sections 506(a)(1) and 
                552(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
                (22 U.S.C. 2318(a)(1) and 2348a(c)(2)).]
          [(B) The President] (5) Quarterly reports._The 
        President shall submit quarterly reports to the 
        designated congressional committees on all assistance 
        provided by the United States during the preceding 
        calendar quarter to the United Nations to support 
        peacekeeping operations. Each report shall describe the 
        assistance provided for each such operation, listed by 
        category of assistance. The report for the fourth 
        calendar quarter of each year shall be submitted as 
        part of the annual report required by [section 4(d) of 
        the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 (as added 
        by subsection (b) of this section)] subsection (d) and 
        shall include cumulative information for the preceding 
        calendar year.
    [(e)] (f) Notice to Congress of Proposed United Nations 
Peacekeeping Activities.--(1) Except as provided in paragraph 
(2), at least 15 days before any vote in the Security Council 
to authorize any United Nations peacekeeping activity or any 
other action under the Charter of the United Nations (including 
any extension, modification, suspension, or termination of any 
previously authorized United Nations peacekeeping activity or 
other action) which would involve the use of United States 
Armed Forces or the expenditure of United States funds, the 
President shall submit to the designated congressional 
committees a notification with respect to the proposed action. 
The notification shall include the following:
          (A) A cost assessment of such action (including the 
        total estimated cost and the United States share of 
        such cost).
          (B) Identification of the source of funding for the 
        United States share of the costs of the action (whether 
        in an annual budget request, reprogramming 
        notification, a rescission of funds, a budget 
        amendment, or a supplemental budget request).
    (2)(A) If the President determines that an emergency exists 
which prevents submission of the 15-day advance notification 
specified in paragraph (1) and that the proposed action is in 
the national security interests of the United States, the 
notification described in paragraph (1) shall be provided in a 
timely manner but no later than 48 hours after the vote by the 
Security Council.
    (B) Determinations made under subparagraph (A) may not be 
delegated.
    [(f) Designated Congressional Committees.--As used in this 
section, the term ``designated congressional committees'' has 
the meaning given that term by section 415 of the Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995.]
    (g) Designated Congressional Committees.--As used in this 
section, the term ``designated congressional committees'' has 
the meaning given such term in section 10(d).
    Sec. 5. * * *
    (c)(1) During the period in which measures are applied 
against Southern Rhodesia under subsection (a) pursuant to any 
United Nations Security Council Resolution, a shipment of any 
steel mill product (as such product may be defined by the 
Secretary) containing chromium in any form may not be released 
from customs custody for entry into the United States if--
          * * * * * * *
    (d)(1) The measures that the United States may apply under 
subsection (a) do not include any measure to prohibit 
assistance that promotes--
          (A) respect for human rights,
          (B) the exchange of information (as described in 
        section 203(b)(3) of the International Emergency 
        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702(B)(3)), or
          (C) the development of democratic institutions.
    (2) Not less than 15 days before approving a license for 
export of any item under paragraph (1), the President shall 
notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the 
Committee on International Relations of the House of 
Representatives in accordance with procedures applicable to 
reprogramming notifications under section 634A of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 9. * * *
SEC. 10. UNITED NATIONS BUDGETARY AND MANAGEMENT REFORM.

    (a) Withholding of Contributions.--
          (1) Assessed contributions for regular united nations 
        budget.--At the beginning of each fiscal year, 20 
        percent of the amount of funds made available for that 
        fiscal year for United States assessed contributions 
        for the regular United Nations budget shall be withheld 
        from obligation and expenditure unless a certification 
        for that fiscal year has been made under subsection 
        (b).
          (2) Assessed contributions for united nations 
        peacekeeping.--At the beginning of each fiscal year, 50 
        percent of the amount of funds made available for that 
        fiscal year for United States assessed contributions 
        for United Nations peacekeeping activities shall be 
        withheld from obligation and expenditure unless a 
        certification for that fiscal year has been made under 
        subsection (b).
          (3) Voluntary contributions for united nations 
        peacekeeping.--The United States may not during any 
        fiscal year pay any voluntary contribution to the 
        United Nations for international peacekeeping 
        activities unless a certification for that fiscal year 
        has been made under subsection (b).
    (b) Certification.--The certification referred to in 
subsection (a) for any fiscal year is a certification by the 
President to the Congress, submitted on or after the beginning 
of that fiscal year, of each of the following:
          (1) The United Nations has an independent office of 
        Inspector General to conduct and supervise objective 
        audits, inspections, and investigations relating to 
        programs and operations of the United Nations.
          (2) The United Nations has an Inspector General who 
        was appointed by the Secretary General with the 
        approval of the General Assembly and whose appointment 
        was made principally on the basis of the appointee's 
        integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, 
        auditing, financial analysis, law, management analysis, 
        public administration, or investigation.
          (3) The Inspector General is authorized to--
                  (A) make investigations and reports relating 
                to the administration of the programs and 
                operations of the United Nations;
                  (B) have access to all records, documents, 
                and other available materials relating to those 
                programs and operations;
                  (C) have direct and prompt access to any 
                official of the United Nations; and
                  (D) have access to all records and officials 
                of the specialized agencies of the United 
                Nations.
          (4) The United Nations has fully implemented, and 
        made available to all member states, procedures that 
        effectively protect the identity of, and prevent 
        reprisals against, any staff member of the United 
        Nations making a complaint or disclosing information 
        to, or cooperating in any investigation or inspection 
        by, the United Nations Inspector General.
          (5) The United Nations has fully implemented 
        procedures that ensure compliance with recommendations 
        of the United Nations Inspector General.
          (6) The United Nations has required the United 
        Nations Inspector General to issue an annual report and 
        has ensured that the annual report and all other 
        reports of the Inspector General are made available to 
        the General Assembly without modification.
          (7) The United Nations has provided, and is committed 
        to providing, sufficient budgetary resources to ensure 
        the effective operation of the United Nations Inspector 
        General.
SEC. 11. CONTRIBUTIONS FOR PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Reassessment of Contribution Percentages.--The 
Permanent Representative of the United States to the United 
Nations should make every effort to ensure that the United 
Nations completes an overall review and reassessment of each 
nation's assessed contributions for United Nations peacekeeping 
operations. As part of the overall review and assessment, the 
Permanent Representative should make every effort to advance 
the concept that, when appropriate, host governments and other 
governments in the region where a United Nations peacekeeping 
operation is carried out should bear a greater burden of its 
financial cost.
    (b) Limitation on Assessed Contribution With Respect to a 
Peacekeeping Operation.--(1) Funds authorized to be 
appropriated for `Contributions for International Peacekeeping 
Activities' for any fiscal year shall not be available for the 
payment of the United States assessed contribution for a United 
Nations peacekeeping operation in an amount which is greater 
than 25 percent of the total amount of all assessed 
contributions for that operation, and any arrearages that 
accumulate as a result of assessments in excess of 25 percent 
of the total amount of all assessed contributions for any 
United Nations peacekeeping operation shall not be recognized 
or paid by the United States.
    (2) Any penalties, interest, or other charges imposed on 
the United States in connection with such contributions shall 
be credited as a part of the percentage limitation contained in 
the preceding sentence.
    (c) Buy America Requirement.--No funds may be obligated or 
expended to pay any United States assessed or voluntary 
contribution for United Nations peacekeeping activities unless 
the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the 
designated congressional committees that United States 
manufacturers and suppliers are being given opportunities to 
provide equipment, services, and material for such activities 
equal to those being given to foreign manufacturers and 
suppliers.
    (d) Designated Congressional Committees Defined.--As used 
in this section, the term `designated congressional committees' 
means--
          (1) the Committee on International Relations and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives; and
          (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

SEC. 12. RESTRICTIONS ON INTELLIGENCE SHARING WITH THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) Provision of Intelligence Information to the United 
Nations.--(1) No United States intelligence information may be 
provided to the United Nations or any organization affiliated 
with the United Nations, or to any officials or employees 
thereof, unless the President certifies to the appropriate 
committees of Congress that the Director of Central 
Intelligence (in this section referred to as the ``DCI''), in 
consultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of 
Defense, has established and implemented requirements which 
have been formally agreed to and implemented by the United 
Nations for protecting intelligence sources and methods as a 
condition for the provision of United States intelligence 
information to the United Nations. Those requirements shall 
include, but not be limited to--
          (A) the adoption by the United Nations of formal 
        security violation investigation procedures and 
        security clearance background investigation procedures 
        certified by the DCI as comparable to United States 
        procedures;
          (B) the agreement by the United Nations to protect 
        United States-provided intelligence information in a 
        manner certified by the DCI as comparable to 
        protections maintained by the United States Government 
        of such information;
          (C) the agreement by the United Nations to 
        immediately notify the United States Government of any 
        unauthorized disclosure of United States-provided 
        intelligence, and to permit the full participation of 
        United States law enforcement personnel in the 
        investigation of such disclosure;
          (D) prohibitions on access to United States-provided 
        intelligence information by nationals of countries not 
        otherwise eligible for the receipt of such information;
          (E) prohibitions on access to United States-provided 
        intelligence information by the government of any 
        country designated by the Secretary of State as a state 
        supporter of terrorism;
          (F) prohibitions on access to United States-provided 
        intelligence information by any government not eligible 
        for the direct provision of such information by the 
        United States through existing bilateral intelligence-
        sharing agreements; and
          (G) other measures which protect intelligence sources 
        and methods from unauthorized disclosure in accordance 
        with section 103(c)(5) of the National Security Act of 
        1947 (50 U.S.C. 403-3(c)(5)).
    (2) Paragraph (1) may be waived upon written certification 
by the President to the appropriate committees of Congress that 
providing such information to the United Nations or an 
organization affiliated with the United Nations, or to any 
officials or employees thereof, is in the vital national 
security interests of the United States and that all possible 
measures protecting such information have been taken, except 
that such waiver must be made for each instance such 
information is provided, or for each such document provided.
    (b) Periodic and Special Reports.--
          (1) The President shall periodically report, but not 
        less frequently than quarterly, to the Committee on 
        Foreign Relations and the Select Committee on 
        Intelligence of the Senate and the Committee on 
        International Relations and the Permanent Select 
        Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
        Representatives on the types and volume of intelligence 
        provided to the United Nations and the purposes for 
        which it was provided during the period covered by the 
        report. The President shall also report to the Select 
        Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the 
        Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House 
        of Representatives within 15 days after it has become 
        known to the United States Government regarding any 
        unauthorized disclosure of intelligence provided by the 
        United States to the United Nations.
          (2) The requirement for periodic reports under the 
        first sentence of paragraph (1) shall not apply to the 
        provision of intelligence that is provided only to, and 
        for the use of, appropriately-cleared United States 
        Government personnel serving with the United Nations.
    (c) Delegation of Duties.--The President may not delegate 
or assign the duties of the President under this section.
    (d) Relationship to Existing Law.--Nothing in this section 
shall be construed to--
          (1) impair or otherwise affect the authority of the 
        Director of Central Intelligence to protect 
        intelligence sources and methods from unauthorized 
        disclosure pursuant to section 103(c)(5) of the 
        National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 403-3(c)(5)); 
        or
          (2) supersede or otherwise affect the provisions of 
        title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 
        413 et seq.).

SEC. 13. DEFINITION.

    For purposes of this Act, the term ``United Nations 
peacekeeping activities'' means any peacekeeping, peacemaking, 
peace-enforcing, or similar activity that is authorized by the 
United Nations Security Council under chapter VI or VII of the 
Charter of the United Nations, the costs of which will be 
assessed by the United Nations to its member countries.
       Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954

          * * * * * * *

          TITLE II--EMERGENCY AND PRIVATE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

SEC. 201. GENERAL AUTHORITY.

    The President shall establish a program under this title to 
provide agricultural commodities to foreign countries on behalf 
of the people of the United States to--
          (1) address famine or other urgent or extraordinary 
        relief requirements;
          (2) combat malnutrition, especially in children and 
        mothers;
          (3) carry out activities that attempt to alleviate 
        the cause of hunger, mortality and morbidity;
          (4) promote economic and community development;
          (5) promote sound environmental practices; and
          (6) carry out feeding programs.
    Such program shall be implemented by the [Administrator.] 
Secretary of State.

SEC. 202. PROVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.

    (a) Emergency Assistance.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, the [Administrator] Secretary of State may 
provide agricultural commodities to meet emergency food needs 
under this title through governments and public or private 
agencies, including intergovernmental organizations such as the 
World Food Program and other multilateral organizations, in 
such manner and on such terms and conditions as the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State determines appropriate to 
respond to the emergency.
    (b) Non-Emergency Assistance.--The [Administrator] 
Secretary of State may provide agricultural commodities for 
non-emergency assistance under this title through eligible 
organizations (as described in subsection (d)) that have 
entered into an agreement with the [Administrator] Secretary of 
State to use such commodities in accordance with this title.
    (c) Uses of Assistance.--Agricultural commodities provided 
under this title may be made available for direct distribution, 
sale, barter, or other appropriate disposition.
    (d) Eligible Organizations.--To be eligible to receive 
assistance under subsection (b) on organization shall be--
          (1) a private voluntary organization or cooperative 
        that is, to the extent practicable, registered with the 
        [Administrator] Secretary of State ; or
          (2) an intergovernmental organization, such as the 
        World Food Program.
    (e) Support for Private Voluntary Organizations and 
Cooperatives.--
          (1) In general.--Of the funds made available in each 
        fiscal year under this title to private voluntary 
        organizations and co-operatives, not less than 
        $10,000,000 and not more than $13,500,000 shall be made 
        available by the [Administrator] Secretary of State to 
        assist such organizations and cooperatives in--
                  (A) establishing new programs under this 
                title; and
                  (B) meeting specific administrative, 
                management, personnel and internal 
                transportation and distribution costs for 
                carrying out programs in foreign countries 
                under this title.
          (2) Request for funds.--In order to receive funds 
        made available under paragraph (1), a private voluntary 
        organization or cooperative must submit a request for 
        such funds (which must be approved by the 
        [Administrator] Secretary of State when submitting a 
        proposal to the [Administrator] Secretary of State for 
        an agreement under this title. Such request for funds 
        shall include a specific explanation of--
                  (A) the program costs to be offset by such 
                funds;
                  (B) the reason why such funds are needed in 
                carrying out the particular assistance program; 
                and
                  (C) the degree to which such funds will 
                improve the provision of food assistance to 
                foreign countries (particularly those in sub-
                Saharan Africa suffering from acute, long-term 
                food shortages).
          (3) Assistance with respect to sale.--Upon the 
        request of a private voluntary organization or 
        cooperative, the [Administrator] Secretary of State may 
        provide assistance to that organization or cooperative 
        with respect to the sale of agricultural commodities 
        made available to it under this title.
    (f) Effective Use of Commodities.--To ensure that 
agricultural commodities made available under this title are 
used effectively and in the areas of greatest need, 
organizations or cooperatives through which such commodities 
are distributed shall--
          (1) to the extent feasible, work with indigenous 
        institutions and employ indigenous workers;
          (2) assess and take into account nutritional and 
        other needs of beneficiary groups;
          (3) help such beneficiary groups design and carry out 
        mutually acceptable projects;
          (4) recommend to the [Administrator] Secretary of 
        State methods of making assistance available that are 
        the most appropriate for each local setting;
          (5) supervise the distribution of commodities 
        provided and the implementation of programs carried out 
        under this title; and
          (6) periodically evaluate the effectiveness of 
        projects undertaken under this title.
    (g) Labeling.--Commodities provided under this title shall, 
to the extent practicable, be clearly identified with 
appropriate markings on the package or container of such 
commodity in the language of the locality in which such 
commodities are distributed, as being furnished by the people 
of the United States of America.

SEC. 203. GENERATION AND USE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES BY PRIVATE VOLUNTARY 
                    ORGANIZATIONS AND COOPERATIVES.

    (a) Local Sale and Barter of Commodities.--An agreement 
entered into between the [Administrator] Secretary of State and 
a private voluntary organization or cooperative to provide food 
assistance through such organization or cooperative under this 
title may provide for the sale or barter in the recipient 
country of the commodities to be provided under such agreement.
    (b) Minimum Level of Local Sales.--In carrying out 
agreements of the type referred to in subsection (a), the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State shall permit private 
voluntary organizations and cooperatives to sell, in recipient 
countries, an amount of commodities equal to not less than 10 
percent of the aggregate amounts of all commodities distributed 
under non-emergency programs under this title for each fiscal 
year, to generate foreign currency proceeds to be used as 
provided in this section.
    (c) Description of Intended Uses.--A private voluntary 
organization or cooperative submitting a proposal to enter into 
a non-emergency food assistance agreement under this title 
shall include in such proposal a description of the intended 
uses of any foreign currency proceeds that may be generated 
through the sale, in the recipient country, of any commodities 
provided under an agreement entered into between the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State and the organization or 
cooperative.
          * * * * * * *
SEC. 204. LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Minimum Levels.--
          (1) Minimum assistance.--Except as provided in 
        paragraph (3), the [Administrator] Secretary of State 
        shall make agricultural commodities available for food 
        distribution under this title in an amount that--
                  (A) for fiscal year 1991, is not less than 
                1,925,000 metric tons;
                  (B) for fiscal year 1992, is not less than 
                1,950,000 metric tons;
                  (C) for fiscal year 1993, is not less than 
                1,975,000 metric tons;
                  (D) for fiscal year 1994, is not less than 
                2,000,000 metric tons;
                  (E) for fiscal year 1995, is not less than 
                2,025,000 metric tons.
          (2) Minimum non-emergency assistance.--Of the amounts 
        specified in paragraph (1), and except as provided in 
        paragraph (3), the [Administrator] Secretary of State 
        shall make agricultural commodities available for non-
        emergency food distribution through eligible 
        organizations under section 202 in an amount that--
                  (A) for fiscal year 1991, is not less than 
                1,450,000 metric tons;
                  (B) for fiscal year 1992, is not less than 
                1,475,000 metric tons;
                  (C) for fiscal year 1993, is not less than 
                1,500,000 metric tons;
                  (D) for fiscal year 1994, is not less than 
                1,525,000 metric tons;
                  (E) for fiscal year 1995, is not less than 
                1,550,000 metric tons.
          (3) Exception.--The [Administrator] Secretary of 
        State may waive the requirements of paragraphs (1) and 
        (2) for any fiscal year if the [Administrator] 
        Secretary of State determines that such quantities of 
        commodities cannot be used effectively to carry out 
        this title or in order to meet an emergency. In making 
        a waiver under this paragraph, the [Administrator] 
        Secretary of State shall prepare and submit to the 
        Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of 
        the Senate a report containing the reasons for the 
        waiver.
    (b) Use of Value-Added Commodities.--
          (1) Minimum levels.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (2), in making agricultural commodities available under 
        this title, the [Administrator] Secretary of State 
        shall ensure that not less than 75 percent of the 
        quantity of such commodities required to be distributed 
        during each fiscal year under subsection (a)(2) be in 
        the form of processed, fortified, or bagged 
        commodities.
          (2) Waiver of minimum.--The [Administrator] Secretary 
        of State may waive the requirement of paragraph (1) for 
        any fiscal year in which the [Administrator] Secretary 
        of State determines that the requirements of the 
        programs established under this title will not be best 
        served by the enforcement of such requirement under 
        such paragraph.

SEC. 205. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a Food Aid 
Consultative Group (hereinafter referred to in this section as 
the ``Group'') that shall meet regularly to review and address 
issues concerning the effectiveness of the regulations and 
procedures that govern food assistance programs established and 
implemented under this title, and the implementation of other 
provisions of this title that may involve private voluntary 
organizations, cooperatives and indigenous non-governmental 
organizations.
    (b) Membership.--The Group shall be composed of--
          (1) the [Administrator] Secretary of State;
          (2) the Under Secretary for International Affairs and 
        Commodity Programs;
          (3) the Inspector General of the Agency for 
        International Development;
          (4) a representative of each private voluntary 
        organization and cooperative participating in a program 
        under this title, or receiving planning assistance 
        funds from the Agency to establish programs under this 
        title; and
          (5) representatives from African, Asian and Latin 
        American indigenous non-governmental organizations 
        determined appropriate by the [Administrator] Secretary 
        of State.
    (c) Chairperson.--The [Administrator] Secretary of State 
shall be the chairperson of the Group.
    (d) Consultations.--In preparing regulations, handbooks, or 
guidelines implementing this title, or significant revisions 
thereto, the [Administrator] Secretary of State shall provide 
such proposals to the Group for review and comment. The 
[Administrator] Secretary of State shall consult and, when 
appropriate, meet with the Group regarding such proposed 
regulations, handbooks, guidelines, or revisions thereto prior 
to the issuance of such.
    (e) Advisory Committee Act.--The Federal Advisory Committee 
Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Group.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 207. ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Proposals.--
          (1) Time for decision.--Not later than 45 days after 
        the receipt by the [Administrator] Secretary of State 
        of a proposal submitted--
                  (A) by a private voluntary organization or 
                cooperative, with the concurrence of the 
                appropriate United States field mission, for 
                commodities; or
                  (B) by a United States field mission to make 
                commodities available to a private voluntary 
                organization or cooperative;
        under this title, the [Administrator] Secretary of 
        State shall make a decision concerning such proposal.
          (2) Denial.--If a proposal under paragraph (1) is 
        denied, the response shall specify the reasons for 
        denial and the conditions that must be met for the 
        approval of such proposal.
    (b) Notice and Comment.--Not later than 30 days prior to 
the issuance of a final guideline to carry out this title, the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State shall--
          (1) provide notice of the existence of a proposed 
        guideline, and that such guideline is available for 
        review and comment, to private voluntary organizations 
        and cooperatives that participate in programs under 
        this title, and to other interested persons;
          (2) make the proposed guideline available, on 
        request, to the organizations, cooperatives, and other 
        persons referred to in paragraph (1); and
          (3) take any comments received into consideration 
        prior to the issuance of the final guideline.
    (c) Regulations.--
          (1) In general.--The [Administrator] Secretary of 
        State shall promptly issue all necessary regulations 
        and make revisions to agency guidelines with respect to 
        changes in the operation or implementation of the 
        program established under this title.
          (2) Requirements.--The [Administrator] Secretary of 
        State shall develop regulations with the intent of--
          * * * * * * *
          (3) Handbooks.--Handbooks developed by the 
        [Administrator] Secretary of State to assist in 
        carrying out the program under this title shall be 
        designed to foster the development of programs under 
        this title by eligible organizations.
    (d) Deadline for Submission of Commodity Orders.--Not later 
than 15 days after receipt from a United States field mission 
of a call forward for agricultural commodities for programs 
that meet the requirements of this title, the order for the 
purchase or the supply, from inventory, of such commodities or 
products shall be transmitted to the Commodity Credit 
Corporation.

                    TITLE III--FOOD FOR DEVELOPMENT

SEC. 301. BILATERAL GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The President shall establish a program 
under which agricultural commodities are donated in accordance 
with this title to least developed countries. The revenue 
generated by the sale of such commodities in the recipient 
country may be utilized for economic development activities. 
Such program shall be implemented by the [Administrator] 
Secretary of State.
    (b) General Authority.--To carry out the policies and 
accomplish the objectives described in section 2, the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State may negotiate and execute 
agreements with least developed countries to provide 
commodities to such countries on a grant basis.

SEC. 302. ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.

    (a) Least Developed Countries.--A country shall be 
considered to be a least developed country and eligible for the 
donation of agricultural commodities under this title if--
          (1) such country meets the poverty criteria 
        established by the International Bank for 
        Reconstruction and Development for Civil Works 
        Preference for providing financial assistance; or
          (2) such country is a food deficit country and is 
        characterized by high levels of malnutrition among 
        significant numbers of its population, as determined by 
        the [Administrator] Secretary of State under subsection 
        (b).
    (b) Indicators of Food Deficit Countries.--To make a 
finding under subsection (a)(2) that a country is a food 
deficit country and is characterized by high levels of 
malnutrition, the [Administrator] Secretary of State must 
determine that the country meets all of the following 
indicators of national food deficit and malnutrition:
          * * * * * * *
        (c) Priority.--In determining whether and to what 
        extent agricultural commodities shall be made available 
        to least developed countries under this title, the 
        [Administrator] Secretary of State shall give priority 
        to countries that--
          (1) demonstrate the greatest need for food;
          (2) demonstrate the capacity to use food assistance 
        effectively;
          (3) have demonstrated a commitment to policies to 
        promote food security, including policies to reduce 
        measurably hunger and malnutrition through efforts such 
        as establishing and institutionalizing supplemental 
        nutrition programs targeted to reach those who are 
        nutritionally at risk; and
          (4) have a long-term plan for broad-based, equitable, 
        and sustainable development.

SEC. 303. GRANT PROGRAMS.

    To carry out the policies and accomplish the objectives 
described in section 2, the [Administrator] Secretary of State 
may negotiate and execute agreements with least developed 
countries to provide commodities to such countries on a grant 
basis either through the Commodity Credit Corporation or 
through private trade channels.

SEC. 304. DIRECT USES OF SALES OF COMMODITIES.

    Agricultural commodities provided to a least developed 
country under this section--
          (1) may be used in such country for--
                  (A) direct feeding programs, including 
                programs that include activities that deal with 
                the special health needs of children and 
                mothers consistent with section 104(c)(2) of 
                the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
                2151b(c)(2)), relating to the Child Survival 
                Fund; or
                  (B) the development of emergency food 
                reserves; or
          (2) may be sold in such country by the government of 
        the country or the [Administrator] Secretary of State 
        (or their agencies) as provided in the agreement, and 
        the proceeds of such sale used in accordance with this 
        title.

SEC. 305. LOCAL CURRENCY ACCOUNTS.

    (a) Retention of Proceeds.--To the extent determined to be 
appropriate by the [Administrator] Secretary of State revenues 
granted from the sale, under section 304(2), of agricultural 
commodities provided under this title shall be deposited into a 
separate account (that may be interest bearing) in the 
recipient country to be disbursed for the benefit of such 
country in accordance with local currency agreements entered 
into between the recipient country and the [Administrator] 
Secretary of State. The [Administrator] Secretary of State may 
determine not to deposit such revenues in a separate account 
if--
          (1) local currencies are to be programmed for 
        specific economic development purposes listed in 
        section 306(a); and
          (2) the recipient country programs an equivalent 
        amount of money for such purposes as specified in an 
        agreement entered into by the Administrator and the 
        recipient country.
    (b) Ownership and Programming of Accounts.--The proceeds of 
sales pursuant to section 304(2) shall be the property of the 
recipient country or the United States, as specified in the 
applicable agreement. Such proceeds shall be utilized for the 
benefit of the recipient country, shall be jointly programmed 
by the [Administrator] Secretary of State and the government of 
the recipient country, and shall be disbursed for the benefit 
of such country in accordance with local currency agreements 
between the [Administrator] Secretary of State and that 
government.
    (c) Overall Development Strategy.--The [Administrator] 
Secretary of State shall consider the local currency proceeds 
as an integral part of the overall development strategy of the 
Agency for International Development and the recipient country.
          * * * * * * *
    (d) Support for Certain Educational Institutions.--If the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State determines that local 
currencies deposited in a special account pursuant to this 
title are not needed for any of the activities prescribed in 
paragraphs (1) through (13) of subsection (a) or for any other 
specific economic development purpose in the recipient country, 
the [Administrator] Secretary of State may use those currencies 
to provide support for any institution (other than an 
institution whose primary purpose is to provide religious 
education) located in the recipient country that provides 
education in agricultural sciences or other disciplines for a 
significant number of United States nationals (who may include 
members of the United States Armed Forces or the Foreign 
Service or dependents of such members).
          * * * * * * *
SEC. 402. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act:
          [(1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means 
        the Administrator of the Agency for International 
        Development, unless otherwise specified in this Act.]
          [(2)] (1) Agricultural commodity.--The term 
        ``agricultural commodity'', unless otherwise provided 
        for in this Act, includes any agricultural commodity or 
        the products thereof produced in the United States, 
        including wood and processed wood products, fish, and 
        livestock as well as value-added, fortified, or high-
        value agricultural products. Effective beginning on 
        October 1, 1991, for purposes of title II, a product of 
        an agricultural commodity shall not be considered to be 
        produced in the United States if it contains any 
        ingredient that is not produced in the United States, 
        if that ingredient is produced and is commercially 
        available in the United States at fair and reasonable 
        prices.
          [(3)] (2) Cooperative.--The term ``cooperative'' 
        means a private sector organization whose members own 
        and control the organization and share in its services 
        and its profits and that provides business services and 
        outreach in cooperative development for its membership.
          [(4)] (3) Developing country.--The term ``developing 
        country'' means a country that has a shortage of 
        foreign exchange earnings and has difficulty meeting 
        all of its food needs through commercial channels.
          [(5)] (4) Food security.--The term ``food security'' 
        means access by all people at all times to sufficient 
        food and nutrition for a healthy and productive life.
          [(6)] (5) Indigenous nongovernmental organization.--
        The term ``indigenous nongovernmental organization'' 
        means an organization that operates under the laws of 
        the recipient country, or that has its principal place 
        of activity in such country, and that works at the 
        local level to solve development problems in the 
        foreign country in which it is located, except that the 
        terms does not include an organization that is 
        primarily an agent or instrumentality of the foreign 
        government.
          [(7)] (6) Private voluntary organization.--The term 
        ``private voluntary organization'' means a not-for-
        profit, nongovernmental organization (in case of a 
        United States organization, an organization that is 
        exempt from Federal income taxes under section 
        501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) that 
        receives funds from private sources, voluntary 
        contributions of money, staff time, or in-kind support 
        from the public, and that is engaged in or is planning 
        to engage in voluntary, charitable, or development 
        assistance activities (other than religious 
        activities).
          [(8)] (7) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means 
        the Secretary of Agriculture, unless otherwise 
        specified in this Act.

SEC. 403. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

    (a) Prohibition.--No agricultural commodity shall be made 
available under this Act unless it is determined that--
          (1) adequate storage facilities will be available in 
        the recipient country at the time of the arrival of the 
        commodity to prevent the spoilage or waste of the 
        commodity; and
          (2) the distribution of the commodity in the 
        recipient country will not result in a substantial 
        disincentive to or interference with domestic 
        production or marketing in that country.
    (b) Consultations.--The Secretary or the [Administrator] 
Secretary of State, as appropriate, as appropriate, shall 
consult with representatives from the International Monetary 
Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and 
Development, the World Bank, and other donor organizations to 
ensure that the importation of United States agricultural 
commodities and the use of local currencies for development 
purposes will not have a disruptive impact on the farmers or 
the local economy of the recipient country.
    (c) Transshipment.--The Secretary or the [Administrator] 
Secretary of State, as appropriate, shall, under such terms and 
conditions as are determined to be appropriate, require 
commitments from countries designed to prevent or restrict the 
resale or transshipment to other countries, for use for other 
than domestic purposes, of agricultural commodities donated or 
purchased under this Act.
          * * * * * * *
    (g) Participation of Private Sector.--The Secretary or the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State, as appropriate, shall 
encourage the private sector of the United States and private 
importers in developing countries to participate in the 
programs established under this Act.
    (h) Safeguard Usual Marketings.--In carrying out this Act, 
reasonable precautions shall be taken to safeguard the usual 
marketings of the United States and to avoid displacing any 
sales of the United States agricultural commodities that the 
Secretary or [Administrator] Secretary of State determines 
would otherwise be made.
    (i) Military Distribution of Food Aid.--
          (1) In general.--The Secretary or the [Administrator] 
        Secretary of State, as appropriate, shall attempt to 
        ensure that agricultural commodities made available 
        under this Act will be provided without regard to the 
        political affiliation, geographic location, ethnic, 
        tribal, or religious identity of the recipient or 
        without regard to other extraneous factors.
          (2) Prohibition on handling of commodities by the 
        military.--
                  (A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the Secreatry or the 
                [Administrator] Secretary of State, as 
                appropriate, shall not enter into an agreement 
                under this Act to provide agricultural 
                commodities if such agreement requires or 
                permits the distribution, handling, or 
                allocation of such commodities by the military 
                forces of any government or insurgent group.
                  (B) Exception.--Notwithstanding subparagraph 
                (A), the Secretary or the [Administrator] 
                Secretary of State, as appropriate, may 
                authorize the handling or distribution of 
                commodities by the military forces of a country 
                in exceptional circumstances in which--
                          (i) nonmilitary channels are not 
                        available for such handling or 
                        distribution;
                          (ii) such action is consistent with 
                        the requirements of paragraph (1); and
                          (iii) the Secretary or the 
                        [Administrator] Secretary of State, as 
                        appropriate, determines that such 
                        action is necessary to meet the 
                        emergency health, safety, or 
                        nutritional requirements of the 
                        recipient population.
                  (C) Report.--Not later than 30 days after an 
                authorization is provided under subparagraph 
                (B), the Secretary of the [Administrator] 
                Secretary of State, as appropriate, shall 
                prepare and submit to the appropriate 
                committees of Congress a report concerning such 
                authorization and include in any such report 
                the reason for the authorization, including an 
                explanation of why no alternatives to such 
                handling or distribution were available.
          (3) Encouragement of safe passage.--When entering 
        into agreements under this Act that involves areas 
        within recipient countries that are experiencing 
        protracted warfare or civil strife, the Secretary or 
        the [Administrator] Secretary of State, as appropriate, 
        shall, to the extent practicable, encourage all parties 
        to the conflict to permit safe passage of the 
        commodities and other relief supplies and to establish 
        safe zones for medical and humanitarian treatment and 
        evacuation of injured persons.
    (j) Violations of Human Rights.--
          (1) Ineligible countries.--The Secretary or the 
        [Administrator] Secretary of State, as appropriate, 
        shall not enter into any agreement under this Act to 
        provide agricultural commodities, or to finance the 
        sale of agricultural commodities, to the government of 
        any country determined by the President to engage in a 
        consistent pattern of gross violations of 
        internationally recognized human rights, including--
          * * * * * * *
SEC 404. AGREEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Before entering into agreements under 
titles I and III for the provision of commodities, the 
Secretary or the [Administrator] Secretary of State, as 
appropriate, shall consider the extent to which the recipient 
country is undertaking measures for economic development 
purposes in order to improve food security and agricultural 
development, alleviate poverty, and promote broad-based, 
equitable, and sustainable development.
    (b) Terms of Agreement.--An agreement entered into under 
this Act shall--
          (1) include an estimate of the annual value or volume 
        of agricultural commodities proposed to be made 
        available to the country or eligible organization under 
        the agreement;
          (2) with respect to agreements entered into under 
        titles I and III, include a statement of the manner in 
        which the agricultural commodities provided under the 
        agreement or the revenues generated by the sale of such 
        commodities (if such commodities are sold), will be 
        integrated into the overall development plans of the 
        country to improve food security and agricultural 
        development, alleviate poverty, and promote broad-
        based, equitable, and sustainable agriculture;
          (3) with respect to agreements entered into under 
        titles I and III, include a statement of the manner in 
        which competitive private sector participation within 
        the recipient country in the storage, marketing, 
        transportation, and distribution of agricultural 
        commodities made available under this Act will be 
        encouraged;
          (4) include a statement that such agreement shall be 
        subject to the availability, during each fiscal year to 
        which the agreement applies, of the necessary 
        appropriations and agricultural commodities; and
          (5) contain such other terms and conditions as the 
        Secretary or the [Administrator] Secretary of State, as 
        appropriate, determines to be necessary.
    (c) Multi-year Agreements.--
          (1) In general.--Agreements to provide assistance on 
        a multi-year basis under this Act shall be made 
        available to recipient countries or to eligible 
        organizations.
          (2) Exception.--The Secretary or the [Administrator] 
        Secretary of State, as appropriate, may determine not 
        to make assistance available on a multi-year basis with 
        respect to a recipient country or an eligible 
        organization if it is determined that assistance should 
        be provided to such country or through such 
        organization only on an annual basis because--
                  (A) the past performance of the country or 
                organization in meeting program objectives does 
                not warrant a multi-year agreement;
                  (B) it is anticipated that the need of the 
                country or organization for food aid does not 
                extend beyond 1 year; or
                  (C) other circumstances, as determined by the 
                Secretary or the [Administrator] Secretary of 
                State, as appropriate, indicate there is only a 
                need for a 1 year agreement.
    (d) Review of Agreements.--The Secretary or the 
[Administrator] Secretary of State, as appropriate, may make a 
determination to terminate, or refuse to enter into, a multi-
year agreement with respect to a recipient country if the 
Secretary or the [Administrator] Secretary of State determines 
that such country is not fulfilling the objectives or 
requirements of this Act. In making such a determination, the 
Secretary or the [Administrator] Secretary of State, as 
appropriate, may consider the extent to which the country is--
          (1) making significant economic development reforms;
          (2) promoting free and open markets for food and 
        agricultural producers; and
          (3) fostering increased food security.

SEC. 405. CONSULTATION.

    The Secretary and the [Administrator] Secretary of State 
shall cooperate and consult in the implementation of this Act.

SEC. 406. USE OF COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

    (a) In General.--The Commodity Credit Corporation shall 
acquire and make available such agricultural commodities (that 
have been determined to be available under section 401(a)) as 
necessary to carry out agreements under this Act.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 407. * * *
    (d) Title II and III Program.--
          (1) Acquisition.--The [Administrator] Secretary of 
        State shall transfer, arrange for the transportation, 
        and take other steps necessary to make available 
        agricultural commodities to be provided under title II 
        and title III.
          (2) Full and open competition.--No purchase of 
        agricultural commodities from private stocks or 
        purchase of ocean transportation services by the United 
        States Government shall be financed under titles II and 
        III unless such purchases are made on the basis of full 
        and open competition utilizing such procedures as are 
        determined necessary and appropriate by the 
        Administrator.
          (3) Avoidance of conflict of interest.--Freight 
        agents employed by the Agency for International 
        Development under titles II and III shall not represent 
        any foreign government during the period of their 
        contract with the United States Government.
          (4) Ocean transportation services.--Notwithstanding 
        any provision of the Federal Property and 
        Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471 et 
        seq.) or other similar provisions relating to the 
        making or performance of Federal Government contracts, 
        the [Administrator] Secretary of State may procure 
        ocean transportation services under this Act under such 
        full and open competitive procedures as the 
        [Administrator] Secretary of State determines are 
        necessary and appropriate.
    (e) Timing of Shipments.--In determining the timing of the 
shipment of agricultural commodities to be provided under this 
Act, the Secretary or the [Administrator] Secretary of State, 
as appropriate, shall consider--
          * * * * * * *
    (h) World Food Day Report.--On World Food Day, October 16 
of each year, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report, prepared with the assistance 
of the Secretary and the [Administrator] Secretary of State, 
assessing progress towards food security in each country 
receiving United States Government food assistance. Special 
emphasis should be given in such report to the nutritional 
status of the poorest populations in such countries.
               Anglo-Irish Agreement Support Act of 1986

                          (Public Law 99-415)

          * * * * * * *

[SEC. 7. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO FUNDS FOR ``INTERNATIONAL 
                    ORGANIZATIONS AND CONFERENCES''.

    [(a) Disbursements, Audits, and Reports.--The provisions 
relating to disbursements on vouchers, audits, and submission 
of reports with respect to expenditures pursuant to the Joint 
Resolution of July 11, 1956 (Public Law 689), shall also apply 
with respect to expenditures pursuant to section 109(c) of the 
Act of November 22, 1983 (Public Law 98-164).]

                      Mutual Security Act of 1960

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 703. In order to carry out the purpose of this 
subchapter the [Director of the United States Information 
Agency (hereinafter referred to as the ``Director''] Secretary 
of State (hereinafter referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall 
provide for--
          (1) the [establishment and] operation in Hawaii of an 
        educational institution to be known as the Center for 
        Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and 
        West, through arrangements with public, educational, or 
        other nonprofit institutions;
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 704. (a) In carrying out the provisions of this 
subchapter, the [Director] Secretary may utilize his authority 
under the provisions of the United States Information and 
Educational Exchange Act of 1948, as amended [22 U.S.C.A. 
Sec. 1431 et seq.]
    (b) The [Director] Secretary may, in administering the 
provisions of this subchapter, accept from public and private 
sources money and property to be utilized in carrying out the 
purposes and functions of the Center. In utilizing any gifts, 
bequests, or devises accepted there shall be available to the 
[Director] Secretary the same authorities as are available to 
him in accepting and utilizing gifts, bequests, and devises to 
the Foreign Service Institute under the provisions of section 
2697 of this title. For the purposes of Federal income, estate, 
and gift taxes, any gift, devise, or bequest accepted by the 
[Director] Secretary under the authority of this subchapter 
shall be deemed to be a gift, devise, or bequest to or for the 
use of the United States.
    (c) The [Director of the United States Information Agency] 
Secretary of State shall make periodic reports, as he deems 
necessary, to the Congress with respect to his activities under 
the provisions of this subchapter, and such reports shall 
include any recommendation for needed revisions in this 
subchapter.

          Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 102. (a) The [President] Secretary of State is 
authorized, when he considers that it would strengthen 
international cooperative relations, to provide, by grant, 
contract, or otherwise, for--
          (1) educational exchange, (i) by financing studies, 
        research, instructions, and other educational 
        activities--
                  (A) of or for American citizens and nationals 
                in foreign countries, and
                  (B) of or for citizens and nationals of 
                foreign countries in American schools and 
                institutions of learning located in or outside 
                the United States;
        and (ii) by financing visits and interchanges between 
        the United States and other countries of students, 
        trainees, teachers, instructors, and professors;
          (2) cultural exchanges, by financing--
                  (i) visits and interchanges between the 
                United States and other countries of leaders, 
                experts in fields of specialized knowledge or 
                skill, and other influential or distinguished 
                persons;
                  (ii) tours in countries abroad by creative 
                and performing artists and athletes from the 
                United States, individually and in groups, 
                representing any field of the arts, sports, or 
                any other form of cultural attainment;
                  (iii) United States representation in 
                international artistic, dramatic, musical, 
                sports, and other cultural festivals, 
                competitions, meetings, and like exhibitions 
                and assemblies;
                  (iv) participation by groups and individuals 
                from other countries in nonprofit activities in 
                the United States similar to those described in 
                subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, 
                when the [President] Secretary of State 
                determines that such participation is in the 
                national interest.
          (3) United States participation in international 
        fairs and expositions abroad, including trade and 
        industrial fairs and other public or private 
        demonstrations of United States economic 
        accomplishments and cultural attainments.
    (b) In furtherance of the purposes of this Act, the 
[President] Secretary of State (except, in the case of 
paragraphs (6) and (10), the President) is further authorized 
to provide for--
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 103. (a) The [President] Secretary of State is 
authorized to enter into agreements with foreign governments 
and international organizations, in furtherance of the purposes 
of this Act. In such agreements the [President] Secretary of 
State is authorized, when he deems it in the public interest, 
to seek the agreement of the other governments concerned to 
cooperate and assist, including making use of funds placed in 
special accounts pursuant to agreements concluded in accordance 
with section 115(b)(6) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, 
or any similar agreements, in providing for the activities 
authorized in section 102, and particularly those authorized in 
subsection 102(a)(1), of this Act with respect to the expenses 
of international transportation of their own citizens and 
nationals and of activities in furtherance of the purposes of 
this Act carried on within the borders of such other nations.
    (b) Such agreements may also provide for the creation or 
continuation of binational or multinational educational and 
cultural foundations and commissions for the purpose of 
administering programs in furtherance of the purposes of this 
Act.
    (c) In such agreements with international organizations, 
the [President] Secretary of State may provide for equitable 
United States participation in and support for, including a 
reasonable share of the cost of, educational and cultural 
programs to be administered by such organizations.
    Sec. 104. (a) The President may delegate, to such officers 
of the Government as he determines to be appropriate, any of 
the powers conferred upon him by this Act to the extent that he 
finds such delegation to be in the interest of the purposes 
expressed in this Act and the efficient administration of the 
programs undertaken pursuant to this Act: Provided, That where 
the President has delegated any of such powers to any officer, 
before the President implements any proposal for the delegation 
of any of such powers to another officer, that proposal shall 
be submitted to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and 
to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and 
thereafter a period of not less than sixty days shall have 
elapsed while Congress is in session. In computing such sixty 
days, there shall be excluded the days on which either House is 
not in session because of an adjournment of more than three 
days.
          * * * * * * *
    (d) For the purpose of performing functions under this Act 
outside the United States, the [President] Secretary of State 
is authorized to provide that any person employed or assigned 
by a United States Government agency shall be entitled, except 
to the extent that the [President] Secretary of State may 
specify otherwise in cases in which the period of employment or 
assignment exceeds thirty months, to the same benefits as are 
provided by section 310 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, for 
individuals appointed to the Foreign Service.
    (e)(1) In providing for the activities and interchanges 
authorized by section 102 of this Act, grants may be made to or 
for individuals, either directly or through foundations or 
educational or other institutions, which foundations or 
institutions are public or private nonprofit, and may include 
funds for tuition and other necessary incidental expenses, for 
travel expenses from their places of residence and return for 
themselves, and, whenever it would further the purposes of this 
Act, for the dependent members of their immediate families, for 
health and accident insurance premiums, emergency medical 
expenses, costs of preparing and transporting to their former 
homes the remains of any of such persons who may die while away 
from their homes as participants or dependents of participants 
in any program under this Act, and for per diem in lieu of 
subsistence at rates prescribed by the [Director of the 
International Communications Agency] Secretary of State, for 
all such persons, and for such other expenses as are necessary 
for the successful accomplishment of the purposes of this Act.
    (2) Funds available for programs under this Act may be used 
(i) to provide for orientation courses, language training, or 
other appropriate services and materials for persons traveling 
out of the countries of their residence for educational and 
cultural purposes which further the purposes of this Act, 
whether or not they are receiving other financial support from 
the Government, an (ii) to provide or continue services to 
increase the effectiveness of such programs following the 
return of such persons to the countries of their residence.
    (3) For the purpose of assisting foreign students in making 
the best use of their opportunities while attending colleges 
and universities in the United States, and assisting such 
students in directing their talents and initiative into 
channels which will make them more effective leaders upon 
return to their native lands, the [President] Secretary of 
State may make suitable arrangements, by contract or otherwise, 
for the establishment and maintenance at colleges and 
universities in the United States attended by foreign students 
of an adequate counseling service.
    (4) The [President] Secretary of State is authorized to 
provide for publicity and promotion (including representation) 
abroad of activities of the type provided for in this Act, and 
of similar services and opportunities for interchange not 
supported by the United States Government.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 105. (a) Amounts appropriated to carry out the 
purposes of this Act are authorized to be made available until 
expended.
          * * * * * * *
    (e) The [President] Secretary of State is further 
authorized to reserve and use for educational and cultural 
exchange programs and other activities authorized in 
subsections 102 (a) and (b) of this Act, in relation to Finland 
and the people of Finland, all sums due or paid on and after 
August 24, 1949, by the Republic of Finland to the United 
States as interest on or in retirement of the principal of the 
debt incurred under the Act of February 25, 1919, as refunded 
by the agreement dated May 1, 1923, pursuant to the authority 
contained in the Act of February 9, 1922, or of any other 
indebtedness incurred by that Republic and owing to the United 
States as a result of World War I.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 106. (a)(1) * * *
    [(c)(1) There is hereby continued the Advisory Committee on 
the Arts (hereinafter referred to as the ``Committee'') created 
under section 10 of the International Cultural Exchange and 
Trade Fair Participation Act of 1956, consisting of a Chairman 
and nine other members of whom at least one shall be a member 
of the Commission. Appointment of all members and selection of 
the Chairman of this Committee shall hereafter be made by the 
Secretary of State. In making such appointments due 
consideration shall be given to the recommendations for 
nomination submitted by leading national organizations in the 
major art fields.
    [(2) The members of the Committee shall be individuals 
whose knowledge of or experience in, or whose profound interest 
in, one or more of the arts will enable them to assist the 
Commission, the President, and other officers of the Government 
in performing the functions described in paragraph (3) of this 
subsection.
    [(3) The Committee shall, in connection with activities 
authorized under subsection 102(a)(2) of this Act--
          [(A) advise and assist the Commission in the 
        discharge of its responsibilities in the field of 
        international educational exchange and cultural 
        presentations with special reference to the role of the 
        arts in such fields;
          [(B) advise other interested officers of the 
        Government in the discharge of their responsibilities 
        in connection with such activities and in connection 
        with other international activities concerned with the 
        arts;
          [(C) provide such other advice and assistance as may 
        be necessary or appropriate.
    [(4) The term of office of each of the members of the 
Committee shall be three years.]
          * * * * * * *
    (e) The provisions of section 214 of the Act of May 3, 1945 
(59 Stat. 134; 31 U.S.C. 691), shall be applicable to any 
interagency committee created pursuant to the provisions of 
this Act. Members of the Commission, the Committee, and other 
committees provided for in this section shall be entitled (i) 
to transportation expenses and per diem in lieu of subsistence 
at the rate prescribed by or established pursuant to section 5 
of the Administrative Expense Act of 1946, as amended (5 U.S.C. 
73b-2), while away from home in connection with attendance at 
meetings or in consultation with officials of the Government or 
otherwise carrying out duties as authorized, and (ii) if not 
otherwise in the employ of the United States Government, to 
compensation at rates not in excess of $50 per diem while 
performing services for Commission, Committee, or other 
committee. Members of the Board shall be entitled to such 
expenses and per diem in lieu of subsistence as provided for 
under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and, while 
performing services for the Board, to compensation at a rate, 
prescribed by the [Director of the International Communication 
Agency] Secretary of State, not in excess of the daily rate for 
the first step of GS-15 of the General Schedule under section 
5332 of title 5, United States Code.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 108. (a)(1) Whenever the President determines it to be 
in furtherance of this Act, the functions authorized in section 
102(a) (2) and (3) may be performed without regard to such 
provisions of law or limitations of authority regulating or 
relating to the making, performance, amendment, or modification 
of contracts, the acquisition and disposition of property, and 
the expenditure of Government funds, as he may specify.
    (2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
[Director of the International Communication Agency] Secretary 
of State may provide, on a reimbursable basis, services within 
the United States in connection with exchange activities 
otherwise authorized by this Act when such services are 
requested by a department or executive agency. Reimbursements 
under this paragraph shall be credited to the applicable 
appropriation of the Agency.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 112. (a) [In order to carry out the purposes of this 
Act, there is established in the United States Information 
Agency, or in such appropriate agency of the United States as 
the President shall determine, a Bureau of Educational and 
Cultural Affairs (hereinafter in this section referred to as 
the ``Bureau'').] In order to carry out the purposes of this 
Act, there is established in the Department of State a Bureau 
of International Exchange Activities (in this section referred 
to as the ``Bureau''). The Bureau shall be responsible for 
managing, coordinating, and overseeing programs established 
pursuant to this Act, including but not limited to--
          * * * * * * *
    (c) The [President] Secretary of State shall insure that 
all programs under the authority of the Bureau shall maintain 
their nonpolitical character and shall be balanced and 
representative of the diversity of American political, social, 
and cultural life. The [President] Secretary of State shall 
insure that academic and cultural programs under the authority 
of the Bureau shall maintain their scholarly integrity and 
shall meet the highest standards of academic excellence or 
artistic achievement.

                  Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 243. TELEVISION BROADCASTING TO CUBA.

    (a) Television Broadcasting to Cuba.--In order to carry out 
the purposes set forth in section 242 and notwithstanding the 
limitation of section 501 of the United States Information and 
Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1461) with respect 
to the dissemination in the United States of information 
prepared for dissemination abroad to the extent such 
dissemination is inadvertent, the [United States Information 
Agency (hereafter in this part referred to as the ``Agency'')] 
Department of State (hereafter in this title referred to as the 
``Department'') shall provide for the open communication of 
information and ideas through the use of television 
broadcasting to Cuba. Television broadcasting to Cuba shall 
serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of 
accurate, objective, and comprehensive news.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 244. TELEVISION MARTI SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION 
                    AGENCY.

    (a) Television Marti Service.--[The Director of the United 
States Information Agency shall establish within the Voice of 
America a Television Marti Service.] The Secretary of State 
shall administer within the Voice of America the Television 
Marti Service. The Service shall be responsible for all 
television broadcasts to Cuba authorized by this part. The 
[Director of the United States Information Agency] Secretary of 
State shall appoint a head of the Service who shall report 
directly to the Director of the [Voice of America] 
International Broadcasting Bureau. The head of the Service 
shall employ such staff as the head of the Service may need to 
carry out the duties of the Service.
    (b) Use of Existing Facilities of the [USIA] Department of 
State.--To assure consistency of presentation and efficiency of 
operations in conducting the activities authorized under this 
part, the Television Marti Service shall make maximum feasible 
utilization of [Agency facilities] Department facilities and 
management support, including Voice of America: Cuba Service, 
Voice of America, and the [United States Information Agency 
Television Service] Department of State Television Service.
    (c) [USIA Authority.--The Agency] Secretary of State 
Authority.--The Secretary of State may carry out the purposes 
of this part by means of grants, leases, or contracts (subject 
to the availability of appropriations), or such means as the 
[Agency] Secretary of State determines will be most effective.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 246. ASSISTANCE FROM OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES.

    In order to assist the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State in carrying out the provisions of this 
part, any agency or instrumentality of the United States may 
sell, loan, lease, or grant property (including interests 
therein) and may perform administrative and technical support 
and services at the request of [the Agency] the Department.

SEC. 247. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    [(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to 
amounts otherwise made available under section 201 for such 
purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the United 
States Information Agency, $16,000,000 for the fiscal year 1990 
and $16,000,000 for the fiscal year 1991 for television 
broadcasting to Cuba in accordance with the provisions of this 
part.]

                     Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act

          * * * * * * *

    additional functions of the [united states information agency] 
                          department of state

    Sec. 3. (a) In order to carry out the objectives set forth 
in section 2, the [United States Information Agency (hereafter 
in this Act referred to as the ``Agency''] Department of State 
(hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Department'') shall 
provide for the open communication of information and ideas 
through the use of radio broadcasting to Cuba. Radio 
broadcasting to Cuba shall serve as a consistently reliable and 
authoritative source of accurate, objective, and comprehensive 
news.
          * * * * * * *
    [(d) Notwithstanding subsection (c), in the event that 
broadcasts to Cuba on the 1180 AM frequency are subject to 
jamming or interference greater by 25 per centum or more than 
the average daily jamming or interference in the twelve months 
preceding September 1, 1983, the Director of the United States 
Information Agency may lease time on commercial or 
noncommercial educational AM band radio broadcasting stations. 
The Federal Communications Commission shall determine levels of 
jamming and interference by conducting regular monitoring of 
the 1180 AM frequency. In the event that more than two hours a 
day of time is leased, not less than 30 per centum of the 
programing broadcast shall be regular Voice of America 
broadcasts with particular emphasis on news and programs 
meeting the requirements of section 503(2) of Public Law 80-
402.]
          * * * * * * *
    (f) In the event broadcasting facilities located at 
Marathon, Florida, are rendered inoperable by natural disaster 
or by unlawful destruction, the [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State may, for the period in 
which the facilities are inoperable but not to exceed one 
hundred and fifty days, use other United States Government-
owned transmission facilities for Voice of America broadcasts 
to Cuba authorized by this Act.

                  cuba service of the voice of america

    Sec. 4. [The Director of the United States Information 
Agency shall establish within the Voice of America a Cuba 
Service (hereafter in this section referred to as the 
``Service'').] The Secretary of State shall administer within 
the Voice of America the Cuba Service (hereafter in this 
section referred to as the ``Service''). The Service shall be 
responsible for all radio broadcasts to Cuba authorized by 
section 3. The [Director of the United States Information 
Agency] Secretary of State shall appoint a head of the Service 
and shall employ such staff as the head of the Service may need 
to carry out his duties. The Cuba Service shall be administered 
separately from other Voice of America functions and the head 
of the Cuba Service shall report directly to the [Director of 
the Voice of America.] Director of the International 
Broadcasting Bureau.
          * * * * * * *

               assistance from other government agencies

    Sec. 6. (a) In order to assist the [United States 
Information Agency] Department of State in carrying out the 
purposes set forth in section 2, any agency or instrumentality 
of the United States may sell, loan, lease, or grant property 
(including interests therein) and may perform administrative 
and technical support and services at the request of [the 
Agency] the Department. Support and services shall be provided 
on a reimbursable basis. Any reimbursement shall be credited to 
the appropriation from which the property, support, or services 
was derived.
    (b) [The Agency] The Department may carry out the purposes 
of section 3 by means of grants, leases, or contracts (subject 
to the availability of appropriations), or such other means as 
[the Agency] the Secretary of State determines will be most 
effective.

                         facility compensation

    Sec. 7. (a) It is the intent of the Congress that the 
Secretary of State should seek prompt and full settlement of 
United States claims against the Government of Cuba arising 
from Cuban interference with broadcasting in the United States. 
Pending the settlement of these claims, it is appropriate to 
provide some interim assistance to the United States 
broadcasters who are adversely affected by Cuban radio 
interference and who seek to assert their right to measures to 
counteract the effects of such interference.
    (b) Accordingly, [the Agency] the Department may make 
payments to the United States radio broadcasting station 
licensees upon their application for expenses which they have 
incurred before, on or after the date of this Act in 
mitigating, pursuant to special temporary authority from the 
Federal Communications Commission, the effects of activities by 
the Government of Cuba which directly interfere with the 
transmission or reception of broadcasts by these licensees. 
Such expenses shall be limited to the costs of equipment 
replaced (less depreciation) and associated technical and 
engineering costs.
          * * * * * * *
    (d) There are authorized to be appropriated to the [Agency] 
Department, $5,000,000 for use in compensating United States 
radio broadcasting licensees pursuant to this section. Amounts 
appropriated under this section are authorized to be available 
until expended.
          * * * * * * *

                    authorization of appropriations

    Sec. 8. [(a) There are authorized to be appropriated for 
the United States Information Agency $14,000,000 for fiscal 
year 1984, and $11,000,000 for fiscal year 1985 to carry out 
sections 3 and 4 of this Act. The amount obligated by the 
United States Information Agency in ensuing fiscal years shall 
be sufficient to maintain broadcasts to Cuba under this Act at 
rates no less than the fiscal year 1985 level.] (a) The amount 
obligated by the Department of State each fiscal year to carry 
out this Act shall be sufficient to maintain broadcasts to Cuba 
under this Act at rates no less than the fiscal year 1985 level 
of obligations by the former United States Information Agency 
for such broadcasts.
    [(b) In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be 
appropriated to the Agency for the fiscal years 1984 and 1985, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Agency 
$54,800,000 for the fiscal year 1984 and $54,800,000 for the 
fiscal year 1985, which amounts shall be available only for 
expenses incurred by essential modernization of the facilities 
and operations of the Voice of America.]
    [(c)] (b) Amounts appropriated under this section are 
authorized to be made available until expended.

           Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act

          * * * * * * *
      TITLE III--IMPLEMENTATION OF CONVENTION ON CULTURAL PROPERTY

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Convention on Cultural 
Property Implementation Act''.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 305. DESIGNATION OF MATERIALS COVERED BY AGREEMENTS OR EMERGENCY 
                    ACTIONS.

    After any agreement enters into force under section 303, or 
emergency action is taken under section 304, the Secretary, 
after consultation with the [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of States, shall by regulation 
promulgate (and when appropriate shall revise) a list of the 
archaeological or ethnological material of the State Party 
covered by the agreement or by such action. The Secretary may 
list such material by type or other appropriate classification, 
but each listing made under this section shall be sufficiently 
specific and precise to insure that (1) the import restrictions 
under section 307 are applied only to the archaeological and 
ethnological material covered by the agreement or emergency 
action; and (2) fair notice is given to importers and other 
persons as to what material is subject to such restrictions.

SEC. 306. CULTURAL PROPERTY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established the Cultural 
Property Advisory Committee.
          * * * * * * *
    (e) Staff and Administration.--
          (1) The [Director of the United States Information 
        Agency] Secretary of State shall make available to the 
        Committee such administrative and technical support 
        services and assistance as it may reasonably require to 
        carry out its activities. Upon the request of the 
        Committee, the head of any other Federal agency may 
        detail to the Committee, on a reimbursable basis any of 
        the personnel of such agency to assist the Committee in 
        carrying out its functions, and provide such 
        information and assistance as the Committee may 
        reasonably require to carry out its activities.
          (2) The Committee shall meet at the call of the 
        [Director of the United States Information Agency] 
        Secretary of State, or when a majority of its members 
        request a meeting in writing.
          * * * * * * *
    (i) Confidential Information.--
          (1) In general.--Any information (including trade 
        secrets and commercial or financial information which 
        is privileged or confidential) submitted in confidence 
        by the private sector to officers or employees of the 
        United States or to the Committee in connection with 
        the responsibilities of the Committee shall not be 
        disclosed to any person other than to--
                  (A) officers and employees of the United 
                States designated by the [Director of the 
                United States Information Agency] Secretary of 
                State;
          * * * * * * *
        (2) Governmental information.--Information submitted in 
        confidence by officers or employees of the United 
        States to the Committee shall not be disclosed other 
        than in accordance with rules issued by the [Director 
        of the United States Information Agency] Secretary of 
        State, after consultation with the Committee. Such 
        rules shall define the categories of information which 
        require restricted or confidential handling by such 
        Committee considering the extent to which public 
        disclosure of such information can reasonably be 
        expected to prejudice the interests of the United 
        States. Such rules shall, to the maximum extent 
        feasible, permit meaningful consultations by Committee 
        members with persons affected by proposed agreements 
        authorized by this title.

               National and Community Service Act of 1990

          * * * * * * *
                   TITLE VI--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 602. EXCHANGE PROGRAM WITH COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION FROM 
                    TOTALITARIANISM TO DEMOCRACY

    (a) Authorization of Activities; Grants or Contracts for 
Exchanges With Foreign Countries.--Pursuant to the Mutual 
Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 and using the 
authorities contained therein, the President is authorized, 
when the President considers that it would strengthen 
international cooperative relations, to provide, by grant, 
contract, or otherwise, for exchanges with countries that are 
in transition from totalitarianism to democracy, which include, 
but are not limited to Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, 
Bulgaria, and Romania--
          (1) by financing studies, research, instruction, and 
        related activities--
                  (A) of or for American citizens and nationals 
                in foreign countries; and
                  (B) of or for citizens and nationals of 
                foreign countries in American private 
                businesses, trade associations, unions, 
                chambers of commerce, and local, State, and 
                Federal Government agencies, located in or 
                outside the United States; and
          (2) by financing visits and interchanges between the 
        United States and countries in transition from 
        totalitarianism to democracy.
The program under this section shall be coordinated by the 
[United States Information Agency] Department of State.
    (b) Transfer of Funds.--The President is authorized to 
transfer to the [appropriations account of the United States 
Information Agency] appropriate appropriations account of the 
Department of State such sums as the President shall determine 
to be necessary out of the travel accounts of the departments 
and agencies of the United States, except for the Department of 
State [and the United States Information Agency], as the 
President shall designate. Such transfers shall be subject to 
the approval of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate. In addition, the President is authorized to accept such 
gifts or cost-sharing arrangements as may be proffered to 
sustain the program under this section.

                  Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of 1968

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 3. (a) * * *
    (b) The Board of Trustees shall be composed of [19 members] 
18 members as follows:
          (1) the Secretary of State;
          (2) the Secretary of Health and Human Services;
          (3) the Secretary of Education;
          (4) the Chairman of the National Endowment for the 
        Humanities;
          (5) the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution;
          (6) the Librarian of Congress;
          [(7) the Director of the United States Information 
        Agency;]
          [(8)] (7) the Archivist of the United States;
          [(9)] (8) one member appointed by the President from 
        time to time from within the Federal Government; and
          [(10)] (9) 10 members appointed by the President from 
        private life.

     National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 9. (a) * * *
    (b) The Council shall be composed of the Chairperson of the 
National Endowment for the Arts, the Chairperson of the 
National Endowment for the Humanities, the Director of the 
Institute of Museum Services, the Secretary of Education, the 
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the Director of the 
National Science Foundation, the Librarian of Congress, the 
Director of the National Gallery of Art, the Chairman of the 
Commission of Fine Arts, the Archivist of the United States, 
the Commissioner, Public Building Service, General Services 
Administration, the Assistant Secretary for Aging, [a member 
designated by the Director of the United States Information 
Agency] a member designated by the Secretary of State, and a 
member designated by the Secretary of the Interior, a member 
designated by the Chairman of the Senate Commission on Art and 
Antiquities, and a member designated by the Speaker of the 
House. The President shall designate the presiding officer of 
the Council from among the members. The President is authorized 
to change the membership of the Council from time to time as 
the President deems necessary to meet changes in Federal 
programs or executive branch organization.

                    Arts and Artifacts Indemnity Act

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 3. (a) * * *
          (1) * * *
          (4) photographs, motion pictures, or audio and video 
        tape; which are (A) of educational, cultural, 
        historical, or scientific value, and (B) the exhibition 
        of which is certified by the [Director of the United 
        States Information Agency] Secretary of State or his 
        designee as being in the national interest.

                    Federal Triangle Development Act

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 7. INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL AND TRADE CENTER COMMISSION.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a commission to be 
known as the International Cultural and Trade Center 
Commission.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Membership.--
          (1) Number and appointment.--The Commission shall be 
        composed of [15 members] 14 members as follows:
                  (A) The Secretary of State or his delegate.
                  (B) The Secretary of Commerce or his 
                delegate.
                  (C) The Secretary of Agriculture or his 
                delegate.
                  (D) The United States Trade Representative or 
                his delegate.
                  (E) The Administrator or his delegate.
                  [(F) The Director of the United States 
                Information Agency or his delegate.]
                  [(G)] (F) The Chairman of the Corporation or 
                his delegate.
                  [(H)] (G) The Mayor of the District of 
                Columbia or his delegate.
                  [(I)] (H) The Chairman of the National 
                Endowment for the Arts or his delegate.
                  [(J)] (I) 6 individuals appointed by the 
                President one of whom shall be a resident and 
                registered voter of the District of Columbia 
                and all of whom shall be specially qualified to 
                serve on the Commission by virtue of their 
                education, training, or experience in 
                international trade, commerce, cultural 
                exchange, finance, business, or management of 
                facilities similar to the international 
                cultural and trade center described in section 
                8.

                 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978

          * * * * * * *

                              definitions

    Sec. 4. (a) As used in this Act, the term--
          (1) ``Commission'' means the Nuclear Regulatory 
        Commission;
          [(2) ``Director'' means the Director of the Arms 
        Control and Disarmament Agency;]
          (3) ``IAEA'' means International Atomic Energy 
        Agency;
          * * * * * * *
  TITLE I--UNITED STATES INITIATIVES TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE NUCLEAR FUEL 
                                 SUPPLY

          * * * * * * *

                      uranium enrichment capacity

    Sec. 102. The Secretary of Energy is directed to initiate 
construction planning and design, construction, and operation 
activities for expansion of uranium enrichment capacity, as 
elsewhere provided by law. Further the Secretary as well as the 
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, [the Secretary of State, and the 
Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency] and the 
Secretary of State are directed to establish and implement 
procedures which will ensure to the maximum extent feasible, 
consistent with this Act, orderly processing of subsequent 
arrangements and export licenses with minimum time delay.
          * * * * * * *
                     TITLE VI--EXECUTIVE REPORTING

          * * * * * * *

                           additional reports

    Sec. 602. (a) * * *
    (c) The Department of State, the Department of Defense. 
[the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,] the Department of 
Commerce, the Department of Energy, and the Commission shall 
keep the Committees on Foreign Relations and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on International 
Relations of the House of Representative fully and currently 
informed with respect to their activities to carry out the 
purposes and policies of this Act and to otherwise prevent 
proliferation, and with respect to the current activities of 
foreign nations which are of significance from the 
proliferation standpoint.

                       Atomic Energy Act of 1954

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 57. Prohibition.
          a. Unless authorized by a general or specific license 
        issued by the Commission, which the Commission is 
        authorized to issue pursuant to section 53, no person 
        may transfer or receive in interstate commerce, 
        transfer, deliver, acquire, own, possess, receive 
        possession of or title to, or import into or export 
        from the United States any special nuclear material.
          b. It shall be unlawful for any person to directly or 
        indirectly engage in the production of any special 
        nuclear material outside of the United States except 
        (1) as specifically authorized under an agreement for 
        cooperation made pursuant to section 123, including a 
        specific authorization in a subsequent arrangement 
        under section 131 of this Act, or (2) upon 
        authorization by the Secretary of Energy after a 
        determination that such activity will not be inimical 
        to the interest of the United States. Provided, That 
        any such determination by the Secretary of Energy shall 
        be made only with the cancurrence of the the Department 
        of State and after consultation with [the Arms Control 
        and Disarmament Agency,] the Nuclear Regulatory 
        Commission, the Department of Commerce, and the 
        Department of Defense. The Secretary of Energy shall, 
        within ninety days after the enactment of the Nuclear 
        Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, establish orderly and 
        expeditious procedures, including provision for 
        necessary administrative actions and inter-agency 
        memoranda of understanding, which as mutually agreeable 
        to the Secretaries of State, Defense, and Commerce, 
        [the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament 
        Agency,] and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the 
        consideration of requests for authorization under this 
        subsection. Such procedures shall include, at a minimum 
        explicit direction on the handling of such requests, 
        express deadlines for the solicitation and collection 
        of the views of the consulted agencies (with identified 
        officials responsible for meeting such deadlines), an 
        interagency coordinating authority to monitor the 
        processing of such requests, predetermined procedures 
        for the expeditious handling of intra-agency and inter-
        agency disagreements and appeals to higher authorities, 
        frequent meetings of inter-agency administrative 
        coordinators to review the status of all pending 
        requests, and similar administrative mechanisms. To the 
        extent practicable, an applicant should be advised of 
        all the information, required of the applicant for the 
        entire process for every agency's needs at the 
        beginning of the process. Potentially controversial 
        requests should be identified as quickly as possible so 
        that any required policy decisions or diplomatic 
        consultations can be initiated in a timely manner. An 
        immediate effort should be undertaken to establish 
        quickly any necessary standards and criteria, including 
        the nature of any required assurances or evidentiary 
        showings, for the decision required under this 
        subsection. The processing of any request proposed and 
        filed as of the date of enactment of the Nuclear Non-
        Proliferation Act of 1978 shall not be delayed pending 
        the development and establishment of procedures to 
        implement the requirements of this subsection. Any 
        trade secrets or proprietary information submitted by 
        any person seeking an authorization under this 
        subsection shall be afforded the maximum degree of 
        protection allowable by law: Provided further, That the 
        export of component parts as defined in subsection 11 
        v. (2) 11 cc. (2) shall be governed by sections 109 and 
        126 of this Act: Provided further, That notwithstanding 
        subsection 402(d) of the Department of Energy 
        Organization Act (Public Law 95-91), the Secretary of 
        Energy and not the Federal Energy Regulatory 
        Commission, shall have sole jurisdiction within the 
        Department of Energy over any matter arising from any 
        function of the Secretary of Energy in this section, 
        section 54 d., section 64, or section 111 b.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 123. Cooperation With Other Nations.--
    No cooperation with any nation, group of nations, or 
regional defense organization pursuant to section 53, 54 a., 
57, 82, 91, 103, 104, or 144 shall be undertaken until--
          a. the proposed agreement for cooperation has been 
        submitted to the President, which proposed agreement 
        shall include the terms, conditions, duration, nature, 
        and scope of the cooperation; and shall include the 
        following requirements;
                  (1) * * *
                  (9) except in the case of agreements for 
                cooperation arranged pursuant to subsection 91 
                c., 144 b., or 144 c., a guaranty by the 
                cooperation party that any special nuclear 
                material, production facility, or utilization 
                facility produced or constructed under the 
                jurisdiction of the cooperating party by or 
                through the use of any sensitive nuclear 
                technology transferred pursuant to such 
                agreement for cooperation will be subject to 
                all the requirements specified in this 
                subsection.
        The President may exempt a proposed agreement for 
        cooperation (except an agreement arranged pursuant to 
        subsection 91 c., 144b., or 144 c.) from any of the 
        requirements of the foregoing sentence if he determines 
        that inclusion of any such requirement would be 
        seriously prejudicial to the achievement of United 
        States non-proliferation objectives or otherwise 
        jeopardize that common defense and security. Except in 
        the case of those agreements for cooperation arranged 
        pursuant to subsection 91 c., 144 b., or 144 c., any 
        proposed agreement for cooperation shall be negotiated 
        by the Secretary of State, with the technical 
        assistance and occurrence of the Secretary of Energy 
        [and in consultation with the Director of the arms 
        Control and Disarmament Agency (``the Director'')]; and 
        after consultation with the Commission shall be 
        submitted to the President jointly by the Secretary of 
        State and the Secretary of Energy accompanied by the 
        views and recommendation of the Secretary of State, the 
        Secretary of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 
        [and the Director] and the Secretary of Defense, who 
        shall also provide to the President an unclassified 
        Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement (A) which 
        shall analyze the consistency of the text of the 
        proposed agreement for cooperation with all the 
        requirements of this Act, with specific attention to 
        whether the proposed agreement is consistent with each 
        of the criteria set forth in this subsection, and (B) 
        \78\ regarding the adequacy of the safeguards and other 
        control mechanisms and the peaceful use assurances 
        contained in the agreement for cooperation to ensure 
        that any assistance furnished thereunder will not be 
        used to further any military or nuclear explosive 
        purpose. In the case of those agreements for 
        cooperation arranged pursuant to subsection 91 c., 144 
        b., or 144 c., any proposed agreement for cooperation 
        shall be submitted to the President by the Secretary of 
        Energy or, in the case of those agreements for 
        cooperation arranged pursuant to subsection 91 c., or 
        144 b. which are to be implemented by the Department of 
        Defense, by the Secretary of Defense;
          * * * * * * *
          d. the proposed agreement for cooperation (if 
        arranged pursuant to subsection 91 c., 144 b., or 144 
        c., or if entailing implementation of section 53, 54 
        a., 103, or 104 in relation to a reactor that may be 
        capable of producing more than five thermal megawatts 
        or special nuclear material for use in connection 
        therewith) has been submitted to the Congress, together 
        with the approval and determination of the President, 
        for a period of sixty days of continuous session (as 
        defined in subsection 130 g. of this Act) and referred 
        to the Commission on International Relations of the 
        House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign 
        Relations of the Senate, and in addition, in the case 
        of a proposed agreement for cooperation arranged 
        pursuant to subsection 91 c., 144 b., or 144 c., the 
        Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Armed Services of 
        the Senate, but such proposed agreement for cooperation 
        shall not become effective if during such sixty-day 
        period the Congress adopts, and there is enacted, a 
        joint \81\ resolution stating in substance that the 
        Congress does not favor the proposed agreement for 
        cooperation: Provided, That the sixty-day period shall 
        not begin until a Nuclear Proliferation Assessment 
        Statement prepared by the [Director of the Arms Control 
        and Disarmament Agency] Secretary of Defense, when 
        required by subsection 123 a., has been submitted to 
        the Congress: Provided further, That an agreement for 
        cooperation exempted by the President pursuant to 
        subsection a. from any requirement contained in that 
        subsection shall not become effective unless the 
        Congress adopts, and there is enacted, a joint 
        resolution stating that the Congress does favor such 
        agreement.\82\ During the sixty-day period the 
        Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
        of the Senate shall each hold hearings on the proposed 
        agreement for cooperation and submit a report to their 
        respective bodies recommending whether it should be 
        approved or disapproved.\83\ Any such proposed 
        agreement for cooperation shall be considered pursuant 
        to the procedures set forth in section 130 i. of this 
        Act for the consideration of Presidential submissions.
    Following submission of a proposed agreement for 
cooperation (except an agreement for cooperation arranged 
pursuant to subsection 91 c., 144b., or 144 c.) to the 
Committee on International Relations of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of 
State, the Department of Energy, [the Arms Control and 
Disarmament Agency,] and the Department of Defense shall, upon 
the request of either of those committees, promptly furnish to 
these committees their views as to whether the safeguards and 
other controls contained therein provide an adequate framework 
to ensure that any exports as contemplated by such agreement 
will not be inimical to or constitute an unreasonable risk to 
the common defense and security.

                  United States Institute of Peace Act

          * * * * * * *
              TITLE XVII--UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE

                              short title

    Sec. 1701. This title may be cited as the ``United States 
Institute of Peace Act''.
          * * * * * * *

                           board of directors

    Sec. 1706. (a) The powers of the Institute shall be vested 
in a Board of Directors unless otherwise specified in this 
title.
    (b) The Board shall consist of fifteen voting members as 
follows:
          * * * * * * *
          [(3) The Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament 
        Agency (or if the Director so designates, another 
        officer of that Agency who was appointed with the 
        advice and consent of the Senate).]
          [(4)] (3) The president of the National Defense 
        University (or if the president so designates, the vice 
        president of the National Defense University).
          [(5)] (4) [Eleven] Twelve individuals appointed by 
        the President, by and with the advice and consent of 
        the Senate.

       Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986

          * * * * * * *

[SEC. 413. INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

    [(a) Director To Establish.--The Congress directs the 
Secretary of State to proceed immediately to establish an 
Office of Inspector General of the Department of State not 
later than October 1, 1986. Not later than January 31, 1987, 
the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives on the progress of 
establishing that office. Such report shall include an 
accounting of the obligation of funds for fiscal year 1987 for 
that office.
    [(b) Duties and Responsibilities.--The Inspector General of 
the Department of State (as established by the amendment made 
by section 150(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987) is authorized to perform all duties 
and responsibilities, and to exercise the authorities, stated 
in section 209 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 
3929) and in the Inspector General Act of 1978.
    [(c) Earmark.--Of the amounts made available for fiscal 
year 1987 for salaries and expenses under the heading 
``Administration of Foreign Affairs'', not less than $6,500,000 
shall be used for the sole purpose of establishing and 
maintaining the Office of Inspector General of the Department 
of State.
    [(d) Limitation on Appointment.--No career member of the 
Foreign Service, as defined by section 103 of the Foreign 
Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3903), may be appointed 
Inspector General of the Department of State.
    [(e) Position at Level IV of the Executive Schedule.--
Section 5315 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by 
section 412), is amended by adding at the end thereof the 
following:

[``Inspector General, Department of State.''.]
                     Tariff Act of 1930, as amended

          * * * * * * *
SEC. 307. CONVICT-MADE GOODS; IMPORTATION PROHIBITED

    All goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, 
produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in any foreign 
country by convict labor or/and forced labor or/and indentured 
labor under penal sanctions shall not be entitled to entry at 
any of the ports of the United States, and the importation 
thereof is hereby prohibited, and the Secretary of the Treasury 
is authorized and directed to prescribe such regulations as may 
be necessary for the enforcement of this provision. The 
provisions of this section relating to goods, wares, articles, 
and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured by forced 
labor or/and indentured labor, shall take effect on January 1, 
1932; but in on case shall such provisions be applicable to 
goods, wares, articles, or merchandise so mined, produced, or 
manufactured which are not mined, produced, or manufactured in 
such quantities in the United States as to meet the consumptive 
demands of the United States.
    ``Forced labor,'' as herein used, shall mean all work or 
service which is exacted from any person under the menace of 
any penalty for its nonperformance and for which the worker 
does not offer himself voluntarily.

SEC. 307A. FORFEITURE OF SLAVE-MADE PRODUCTS.

    Merchandise imported in violation of section 307 shall be 
subject to seizure, forfeiture and destruction under the 
customs laws of the United States.
          * * * * * * *

                          Taiwan Relations Act

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 3. * * *
    (c) The President is directed to inform the Congress 
promptly of any threat to the security or the social or 
economic system of the people on Taiwan and any danger to the 
interests of the United States arising therefrom. The President 
and the Congress shall determine, in accordance with 
constitutional processes, appropriate action by the United 
States in response to any such danger.
    (d) The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) supersede any 
provision of the Joint Communique of the United States and 
China of August 17, 1982.

               Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Act of 1990

          * * * * * * *

[SEC. 8. EXTENSION OF AU PAIR PROGRAMS.

    [The United States Information Agency shall continue to 
implement the au pair programs designated by the Director of 
the United States Information Agency as of July 10, 1990, until 
such au pair programs are authorized and implemented by another 
agency of the United States Government.]

              Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1982

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 5. (a) Funds made available for the purposes of this 
Act shall be availabe for--
          (1) compensation, allowances, and travel of 
        personnel, including members of the Foreign Service 
        whose services are utilized primarily for the purpose 
        of this Act and other personnel assigned to the bureau 
        charged with carrying out this Act, and without regard 
        to the provisions of any other law, for printing and 
        binding, and for expenditures outside the United States 
        for the procurement of supplies and services and for 
        other administrative and operating purposes (other than 
        compensation of personnel) without regard to such laws 
        and regulations governing the obligation and 
        expenditure of Government funds as may be necessary to 
        accomplish the purposes of this Act;
          * * * * * * *
    [(c) Personnel funded pursuant to this section are 
authorized to provide administrative assistance to personnel 
assigned to the bureau charged with carrying out this Act.]

                     Export Enhancement Act of 1988

          * * * * * * *
SEC. 2312. TRADE PROMOTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE.

          * * * * * * *
    (d) Membership.--
          (1) In general.--Members of the TPCC shall include 
        representatives from--
                  (A) the Department of Commerce;
                  (B) the Department of State;
                  (C) the Department of the Treasury;
                  (D) the Department of Agriculture;
                  (E) the Department of Energy;
                  (F) the Department of Transportation;
                  (G) the Office of the United States Trade 
                Representative;
                  (H) the Small Business Administration;
                  [(I) the Agency for International 
                Development;]
                  [(J)] (I) the Trade and Development Program;
                  [(K)] (J) the Overseas Private Investment 
                Corporation;
                  [(L)] (K) the Export-Import Bank of the 
                United States; and
                  [(M)] (L) at the discretion of the President, 
                such other departments or agencies as may be 
                necessary.
          * * * * * * *
    (f) Report to the Congress.--The chairperson of the TPCC 
shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the 
Senate, and the Committee on [Foreign Affairs] International 
Relations of the House of Representatives, not later than 
September 30, 1993, and annually thereafter, a report 
describing the strategic plan developed by the TPCC pursuant to 
subsection (c), the implementation of such plan, and any 
revisions thereto.

         Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 2. SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) PROGRAM.

    (a) SEED Program.--The United States shall implement, 
beginning in fiscal year 1990, a concerted Program of Support 
for East European Democracy (which may also be referred to as 
the ``SEED Program''). The SEED Program shall be comprised of 
diverse undertakings designed to provide cost-effective 
assistance to those countries of Eastern Europe that have taken 
substantive steps toward institutionalizing political democracy 
and economic pluralism.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) SEED Actions.--Assistance and other activities under 
the SEED Program (which may be referred to as ``SEED Actions'') 
shall include activities such as the following:
          (1) Leadership in the world bank and international 
        monetary fund.--United States leadership in 
        supporting--
          * * * * * * *
          (17) Exchange activities.--Expanded exchange 
        activities under the Fulbright, International Visitors, 
        and other programs conducted by the [United States 
        Information Agency] Department of State.

                     Inspector General Act of 1978

          * * * * * * *
[Sec. 8A. Special provisions relating to the Agency for International 
                    Development

    [(a) In addition to the other duties and responsibilities 
specified in this Act, the Inspector General of the Agency for 
International Development--
          [(1) shall supervise, direct, and control all 
        security activities relating to the programs and 
        operations of that Agency, subject to the supervision 
        of the Administrator of that Agency; and
          [(2) to the extent requested by the Director of the 
        United States International Development Cooperation 
        Agency (after consultation with the Administrator of 
        the Agency for International Development), shall 
        supervise, direct, and control all audit, 
        investigative, and security activities relating to 
        programs and operations with the United States 
        International Development Cooperation Agency.
    [(b) In addition to the Assistant Inspector Generals 
provided for in section 3(d) of this Act, the Inspector General 
of the Agency for International Development shall, in 
accordance with applicable laws and regulations governing the 
civil service, appoint an Assistant Inspector General for 
Security who shall have the responsibility for supervising the 
performance of security activities relating to programs and 
operations of the Agency for International Development.
    [(c) The semiannual reports required to be submitted to the 
Administrator of the Agency for International Development 
pursuant to section 5(b) of this Act shall also be submitted to 
the Director of the United States International Development 
Cooperation Agency.
    [(d) In addition to the officers and employees provided for 
in section 6(a)(6) of this Act, members of the Foreign Service 
may, at the request of the Inspector General of the Agency for 
International Development, be assigned as employees of the 
Inspector General. Members of the Foreign Service so assigned 
shall be responsible solely to the Inspector General, and the 
Inspector General (or his or her designee) shall prepare the 
performance evaluation reports for such members.
    [(e) In establishing and staffing field offices pursuant to 
section 6(c) of this Act, the Administrator of the Agency for 
International Development shall not be bound by overseas 
personnel ceilings established under the Monitoring Overseas 
Direct Employment policy.
    [(f) The reference in section 7(a) of this Act to an 
employee of the establishment shall, with respect to the 
Inspector General of the Agency for International Development, 
be construed to include an employee of or under the United 
States International Development Cooperation Agency.
    [(g) The Inspector General of the Agency for International 
Development shall be in addition to the officers provided for 
in section 624(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 
U.S.C.A. Sec. 2384(a)].
    [(h) As used in this Act, the term ``Agency for 
International Development'' includes any successor agency 
primarily responsible for administering part I of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C.A. Sec. 2151 et seq.].]
          * * * * * * *

Sec. [8G.] 8H. Requirements for Federal entities and designated Federal 
                    entities

    (a) Notwithstanding section 11 of this Act, as used in this 
section--
          (1) the term ``Federal entity'' means any Government 
        corporation (within the meaning of section 103(1) of 
        title 5, United States Code), any Government controlled 
        corporation (within the meaning of section 102(2) of 
        such title), or any other entity in the Executive 
        branch of the Government, or any independent regulatory 
        agency, but does not include--
          * * * * * * *

Sec. [8G.] 8I. Rule of construction of special provisions

    The special provisions under section 8, 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, or 
8E of this Act relate only to the establishment named in such 
section and no inference shall be drawn from the presence or 
absence of a provision in any such section with respect to an 
establishment not named in such section or with respect to a 
designated Federal entity as defined under section 8F(a).
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 8F. Rule of construction of special provisions

    The special provisions under section 8, 8A, 8B, 8C, or 8D 
of this Act relate only to the establishment named in such 
section and no inference shall be drawn from the presence or 
absence of a provision in any such section with respect to an 
establishment not named in such section or with respect to a 
designated Federal entity as defined under section 8E(a).
    Sec. 8G. In addition to the other duties and 
responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General 
of the Department of State (also known as the `Inspector 
General for Foreign Affairs') shall exercise the authorities of 
section 209 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (including 
authorities with respect to the Broadcasting Board of 
Governors).
Sec. 11. Definitions

    As used in this Act--
          (1) the term ``head of the establishment'' means the 
        Secretary of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, 
        Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban 
        Development, the Interior, Labor, State, 
        Transportation, or the Treasury; the Attorney General; 
        the Administrator of the [Agency for International 
        Development,] Environmental Protection, General 
        Services, National Aeronautics and Space, Small 
        Business, or Veterans' Affairs; the Director of the 
        Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Office of 
        Personnel Management [or the United States Information 
        Agency]; the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory 
        Commission or the Railroad Retirement Board; the 
        Oversight Board and the Board of Directors of the 
        Resolution Trust Corporation; as the case may be;
          (2) the term ``establishment'' means the Department 
        of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, 
        Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban 
        Development, the Interior, Justice, Labor, State, 
        Transportation, or the Treasury; [the Agency for 
        International Development,] the Environmental 
        Protection Agency, the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency, the General Services Administration, the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
        Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Office of Personnel 
        Management, the Railroad Retirement Board, the 
        Resolution Trust Corporation, the Small Business 
        Administration, [the United States Information Agency,] 
        or the Veterans' Administration; as the case may be;

                        THE ACT OF JULY 9, 1949

          * * * * * * *
   [AN ACT To make certain Government-owned facilities available for 
international broadcasting in the furtherance of authorized programs of 
            the Department of State, and for other purposes.

    [Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, 
for the purpose of assuring continued operation of the 
facilities hereinafter described for international broadcasting 
as a means of achieving the objectives of the United States 
Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (Public Law 
402, Eightieth Congress) under authority of that Act, the 
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, as successor to Defense 
Plant Corporation, shall transfer, without regard to the 
provisions of the Surplus Property Act of 1944, as amended, and 
without reimbursement or transfer of funds, to the Secretary of 
State (hereinafter referred to as the ``Secretary'') all of its 
right, title, and interest in and to the facilities known as 
Plancors 1805, 1985, and 1986 located in Butler County, Ohio, 
in the vicinity of Delano, California, and Dixon, California, 
respectively, together with the equipment and other property 
appurtenant thereto. For the purposes of this Act, the 
Secretary is authorized to acquire property or rights or 
interests therein necessary or desirable for the operation of 
such facilities by purchase, lease, gift, transfer, 
condemnation, or otherwise.
    [Sec. 2. Whenever the Secretary finds that the operation of 
the facilities herein authorized to be transferred is no longer 
necessary or desirable, he shall report such fact to Congress 
with his recommendations for the disposition of such 
facilities.
    [Sec. 3. The Department of State shall assume all 
obligations of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation covering 
operations of said facilities, equipment, and appurtenant 
property outstanding at the date of transfer.
    [Approved July 9, 1949.]

                      TITLE 5--UNITED STATES CODE

          * * * * * * *

Sec. 5313. Positions at level II

    Level II of the Executive Schedule applies to the following 
positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the 
rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of 
title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:
          Deputy Secretary of Defense.
          Deputy Secretary of State.
          [Administrator, Agency for International 
        Development.]
          Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration.
          Deputy Secretary of Veterans' Affairs.
          Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.
          Deputy Secretary of Transportation.
          Chairman, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
          Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers.
          Chairman, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
        System.
          Director of the Office of Science and Technology.
          [Director of the United States Arms Control and 
        Disarmament Agency.]
          [Director of the United States Information Agency.]
          Director of Central Intelligence.
          Secretary of the Air Force.
          Secretary of the Army.
          Secretary of the Navy.
          Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration.
          Director of the National Science Foundation.
          Deputy Attorney General.
          Deputy Secretary of Energy.
          Deputy Secretary of Agriculture.
          Director of the Office of Personnel Management.
          Administrator, Federal Highway Administration.
          Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
          Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
        Budget.
          Deputy Secretary of Labor.
          Deputy Director of the Office of Management and 
        Budget.
          Independent Members, Thrift Depositor Protection 
        Oversight Board.
          Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services.
          Deputy Secretary of the Interior.
          Deputy Secretary of Education.
          Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
          Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management 
        and Budget.
          Director of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise 
        Oversight, Department of Housing and Urban Development.
          Deputy Commissioner of Social Security, Social 
        Security Administration.
          Administrator of the Community Development Financial 
        Institutions Fund.
Sec. 5314. Position at level III

    Level III of the Executive Schedule applies to the 
following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay 
shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under 
chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this 
title:
          Solicitor General of the United States.
          Under Secretary of Commerce, Under Secretary of 
        Commerce for Economic Affairs, Under Secretary of 
        Commerce for Export Administration, and Under Secretary 
        of Commerce for Travel and Tourism.
          [Under Secretaries of State (5).]
          Under Secretary of State for Policy.
          Under Secretary of State for Export, Trade, 
        Economics, and Business.
          Under Secretary of State for International Security.
          Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy.
          Under Secretary of State for Management.
          Under Secretaries of the Treasury (3).
          Administrator of General Services.
          Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
          [Deputy Administrator, Agency for International 
        Development.]
          Chairman of the Merit Systems Protection Board.
          Chairman, Federal Communications Commission.
          Chairman, Board of Directors, Federal Deposit 
        Insurance Corporation.
          * * * * * * *
          Executive Director, Property Review Board.
          Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
        Agency.
          Archivist of the United States.
          [Deputy Director of the United States Arms Control 
        and Disarmament Agency.]
          Executive Director, Federal Retirement Thrift 
        Investment Board.
          Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
        Technology.
          Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology.
          Under Secretary for Health, Department of Veterans 
        Affairs.
          Under Secretary for Benefits, Department of Veterans 
        Affairs.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 5315. Positions at level IV

    Level IV of the Executive Schedule applies to the following 
positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the 
rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of 
title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:
          Deputy Administrator of General Services.
          Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration.
          [Assistant Administrators, Agency for International 
        Development (6).]
          [Regional Assistant Administrators, Agency for 
        International Development (4).]
          Under Secretary of the Air Force.
          Under Secretary of the Army.
          Under Secretary of the Navy.
          * * * * * * *
          Director of Civil Defense, Department of the Army.
          Deputy Director of the Office of Emergency Planning.
          Deputy Director of the Office of Science and 
        Technology.
          Deputy Director of the Peace Corps.
          [Deputy Director of the United States Information 
        Agency.]
          Assistant Director of the Office of Management and 
        Budget (3).
          General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture.
          General Counsel of the Department of Commerce.
          General Counsel of the Department of Defense.
          General Counsel of the Department of Health and Human 
        Services.
          Solicitor of the Department of the Interior.
          Solicitor of the Department of Labor.
          General Counsel of the National Labor Relations 
        Board.
          General Counsel of the Department of the Treasury.
          First Vice President of the Export-Import Bank of 
        Washington.
          [Special Representatives of the President for arms 
        control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters, 
        United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.]
          Special Representatives of the President for arms 
        control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters, 
        Department of State.
          Members, Council of Economic Advisers.
          Members, Board of Directors of the Export-Import Bank 
        of Washington.
          Members, Federal Communications Commission.
          Members, Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit 
        Insurance Corporation.
          Directors, Federal Housing Finance Board.
          Members, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
          Members, Federal Trade Commission.
          * * * * * * *
          Director, National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology, Department of Commerce.
          [Assistant Directors, United States Arms Control and 
        Disarmament Agency (4).]
          [Inspector General, United States Information 
        Agency.]
          [Inspector General, Department of State.]
          Inspector General for Foreign Affairs, Department of 
        State.
          * * * * * * *
          Inspector General, Department of Commerce.
          Inspector General, Department of the Interior.
          Inspector General, Department of Justice.
          Inspector General, Department of the Treasury.
          [Inspector General, Agency for International 
        Development.]
          Inspector General, Environmental Protection Agency.
          Inspector General, Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency.
          Inspector General, General Services Administration.
          * * * * * * *
          Commissioner of Customs, Department of the Treasury.
          Director of the Office of Educational Technology.
          [20 Assistant Secretaries of State and 4 other State 
        Department official to be appointed by the President, 
        by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.]
          In addition of other positions of the Department of 
        State specifically referenced in this section, 18 
        Assistant Secretaries of State and 4 other State 
        Department official who are appointed by the President, 
        by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
          Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control and 
        Non-Proliferation Affairs.
          Assistant Secretary of State for International 
        Exchanges.
          [Director of the International Broadcasting Bureau, 
        the United States Information Agency.]
          Inspector General, Social Security Administration.
          The Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Department of 
        Labor.
          Administrator, Rural Utilities Service, Department of 
        Agriculture.
          Director of the International Broadcasting Office, 
        the Department of State.
Sec. 5316. Positions at level V

    Level V of the Executive Schedule applies to the following 
positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the 
rate determined with resect to such level under chapter 11 of 
title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:
          Administrator, Bonneville Power Administration, 
        Department of the Interior.
          Administrator of the National Capital Transportation 
        Agency.
          Associate Administrators of the Small Business 
        Administration (4).
          Associate Administrators, National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration (7).
          Associate Deputy Administrator, National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration.
          * * * * * * *
          Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Department 
        of the Treasury.
          [Deputy Director, Policy and Plans, United States 
        Information Agency.]
          Deputy General Counsel, Department of Defense.
          Associate Director of the Federal Mediation and 
        Conciliation Service.
          Associate Director for Volunteers, Peace Corps.
          Associate Director for Program Development and 
        Operations, Peace Corps.
          Assistants to the Director of the Federal Bureau of 
        Investigation, Department of Justice (2).
          Assistant Directors, Office of Emergency Planning 
        (3).
          Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
          [General Counsel of the Agency for International 
        Development.]
          General Counsel of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
          [General Counsel of the United States Arms Control 
        and Disarmament Agency.]
          General Counsel of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration.
          Manpower Administrator, Department of Labor.
          Members, Renegotiation Board.
          * * * * * * *
          Assistant Administrator of General Services.
          Director, United States Travel Service, Department of 
        Commerce.
          Administrator, Wage and Hour and Public Contracts 
        Division, Department of Labor.
          Assistant Director (Program Planning, Analysis and 
        Research), Office of Economic Opportunity.
          [Associate Director (Policy and Plans), United States 
        Information Agency.]
          Deputy Director, National Security Agency.
          Director, Bureau of Land Management, Department of 
        the Interior.
          Director, National Parks Service, Department of the 
        Interior.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 5544. Wage board overtime and Sunday rates; computation

    (a) An employee whose pay is fixed and adjusted from time 
to time in accordance with prevailing rates under section 5343 
or 5349 of this title, or by a wage board or similar 
administrative authority serving the same purpose, is entitled 
to overtime pay for overtime work in excess of 8 hours a day or 
40 hours a week. However, an employee subject to this 
subsection who regularly is required to remain at or within the 
confines of his post of duty in excess of 8 hours a day in a 
standby or on-call status is entitled to overtime pay only for 
hours of duty, exclusive of eating and sleeping time, in excess 
of 40 a week. The overtime hourly rate of pay is computed as 
follows:
          * * * * * * *
    An employee subject to this subsection whose regular work 
schedule includes an 8-hour period of service a part of which 
is on Sunday is entitled to additional pay at the rate of 25 
percent of his hourly rate of basic pay for each hour of work 
performed during that 8-hour period of service. For employees 
serving outside the United States in areas where Sunday is a 
routine workday and another day of the week is officially 
recognized as the day of rest and worship, the Secretary of 
State may designate the officially recognized day of rest and 
worship as the day with respect to which additional pay is 
authorized by the preceding sentence. Time spent in a travel 
status away from the official duty station of an employee 
subject to this subsection is not hours of work unless the 
travel (i) involves the performance of work while traveling, 
(ii) is incident to travel that involves the performance of 
work while traveling, (iii) is carried under arduous 
conditions, or (iv) results from an event which could not be 
scheduled or controlled administratively.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 5546. Pay for Sunday and holiday work

    (a) An employee who performs work during a regularly 
scheduled 8-hour period of service which is not overtime work 
as defined by section 5542(a) of this title a part of which is 
performed on Sunday is entitled to pay for the entire period of 
service at the rate of his basic pay, plus premium pay at a 
rate equal to 25 percent of his rate of basic pay. For 
employees serving outside the United States in areas where 
Sunday is a routine workday and another day of the week is 
officially recognized as the day of rest and worship, the 
Secretary of State may designate the officially recognized day 
of rest and worship as the day with respect to which additional 
pay is authorized by the preceding sentence.

                      TITLE 8--UNITED STATES CODE

          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1101. Definitions

    (a) As used in this chapter--
    (1) The term ``administrator'' means the official 
designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to section 
1104(b) of this title.
          * * * * * * *
    (9) The term ``consular officer'' means any consular, 
diplomatic, or other officer of the United States designated 
under regulations prescribed under authority contained in this 
chapter, for the purpose of issuing immigrant or nonimmigrant 
visas. In cases of aliens, in the Canal Zone and the outlying 
possessions of the United States, the term ``consular officer'' 
means an officer designated by the Governor of the Canal Zone, 
or the governors of the outlying possessions, for the purpose 
of issuing immigrant or nonimmigrant visas under this chapter. 
As used in title III, the term ``consular officer'' includes 
any United States citizen employee of the Department of State 
designated by the Secretary of State to adjudicate nationality 
abroad pursuant to such regulations as the Secretary may 
prescribe.
          * * * * * * *
    (15) The term ``immigrant'' means every alien except an 
alien who is within one of the following classes of 
nonimmigrant aliens--
          * * * * * * *
    (J) an alien having a residence in a foreign country which 
he has no intention of abandoning who is a bona fide student, 
scholar, trainee, teacher, professor, research assistant, 
specialist, or leader in a field of specialized knowledge or 
skill, or other person of similar description, who is coming 
temporarily to the United States as a participant in a program 
designated by the [Director of the United States Information 
Agency] Secretary of State, for the purpose of teaching, 
instructing or lecturing, studying, observing, conducting 
research, consulting, demonstrating special skills, or 
receiving training and who, if he is coming to the United 
States to participate in a program under which he will receive 
graduate medical education or training, also meets the 
requirements of section 1182(j) of this title, and the alien 
spouse and minor children of any such alien if accompanying him 
or following to join him;
          * * * * * * *
    (42) The term ``refugee'' means (A) any person who is 
outside any country of such person's nationality or, in the 
case of a person having no nationality, is outside any country 
in which such person last habitually resided, and who is unable 
or unwilling to return to, and is unable or unwilling to avail 
himself or herself of the protection of, that country because 
of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account 
of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular 
social group, or political opinion, or (B) in such special 
circumstances as the President after appropriate consultation 
(as defined in section 1157(e) of this title) may specify, any 
person who is within the country of such person's nationality 
or, in the case of a person having no nationality, within the 
country in which such person is habitually residing, and who is 
persecuted or who has a well-founded fear of persecution on 
account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a 
particular social group, or political opinion. The term 
``refugee'' does not include any person who ordered, incited, 
assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any 
person on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in 
a particular social group, or political opinion. For purposes 
of determinations under this Act, a person who has been forced 
to abort a pregnancy or to undergo involuntary sterilization, 
or who has been persecuted for failure or refusal to undergo 
such a procedure or for other resistance to a coercive 
population control program, shall be deemed to have been 
persecuted on account of political opinion and a person who has 
a well-founded fear that he or she will be forced to undergo 
such a procedure or be subjected to persecution for such 
failure, refusal, or resistance shall be deemed to have a well-
founded fear of persecution on account of political opinion.
          * * * * * * *
    (b) As used in subchapters I and II of this chapter--
    (1) The term ``child'' means an unmarried person under 
twenty-one years of age who is--
          (A) a [legitimate child] child born in wedlock; or
          (B) a stepchild, whether or not born out of wedlock, 
        provided the child had not reached the age of eighteen 
        years at the time the marriage creating the status of 
        stepchild occurred; or
          (C) a child legitimated under the law of the child's 
        residence or domicile, or under the law of the father's 
        residence or domicile, whether in or outside the United 
        States, if such legitimation takes place before the 
        child reaches the age of eighteen years and the child 
        is in the legal custody of the legitimating parent or 
        parents at the time of such legitimation.
          (D) [an illegitimate child], by, through whom, or on 
        whose behalf a status, privilege, or benefit is sought 
        by virtue of the relationship of the child to its 
        natural mother;
          * * * * * * *
    (2) The terms ``parent'', ``father'', or ``mother'' mean a 
parent, father, or mother only where the relationship exists by 
reason of any of the circumstances set forth in subdivision (1) 
of this subsection, except that, for purposes of paragraph 
(1)(F) (other than the second proviso therein) in the case of 
[an illegitimate child] a child born out of wedlock, described 
in paragraph (1)(D) (and not described in paragraph (1)(C)), 
the term ``parent'' does not include the natural father of the 
child if the father has disappeared or abandoned or deserted 
the child or if the father has in writing irrevocably released 
the child for emigration and adoption.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1182. Excludable aliens

    (a) * * *
    (3) Security and related grounds.--
          * * * * * * *
    (B) Terrorist activities.--
          (1) In general.--Any alien who--
                  (I) has engaged in a terrorist activity, [or]
                  (II) a consular officer or the Attorney 
                General knows, or has reasonable ground to 
                believe, is likely to engage after entry in any 
                terrorist activity (as defined in clause 
                (iii)), [or]
                  (III) is a member of a terrorist organization 
                or who actively supports or advocates terrorist 
                activity, or
                  (IV) has advocated terrorism or has incited 
                targeted racial vilification or has advocated 
                the death or destruction of United States 
                citizens, United States Government officials, 
                or the overthrow of the United States 
                Government,
          * * * * * * *
        is excludable. An alien who is an officer, official, 
        representative, or spokesman of the Palestine 
        Liberation Organization is considered, for purposes of 
        this chapter, to be engaged in a terrorist activity.
          * * * * * * *
          (iii) Engage in terrorist activity defined.--As used 
        in this chapter, the term ``engage in terrorist 
        activity'' means to commit, in an individual capacity 
        or as a member of an organization, an act of terrorist 
        activity or an act which the actor knows, or reasonably 
        should know, affords material support to any 
        individual, organization, or government in conducting a 
        terrorist activity at any time, including any of the 
        following acts:
                  (I) The preparation or planning of a 
                terrorist activity.
                  (II) The gathering of information on 
                potential targets for terrorist activity.
                  (III) The providing of any type of material 
                support, including a safe house, 
                transportation, communications, funds, false 
                identification, weapons, explosives, or 
                training, to any individual the actor knows or 
                has reason to believe has committed or plans to 
                commit a terrorist activity.
                  (IV) The soliciting of funds or other things 
                of value for terrorist activity or for any 
                terrorist organization.
                  (V) The solicitation of any individual for 
                membership in a terrorist organization, 
                terrorist government, or to engage in a 
                terrorist activity.
          (iv) Terrorist organization defined.--As used in this 
        subparagraph, the term ``terrorist organization'' means 
        an organization that engages in, or has engaged in, 
        terrorist activity as determined by the Attorney 
        General, in consultation with the Secretary of State.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) International Child Abduction.--
          (i) In general.--Except as provided in clause (ii), 
        any alien who, after entry of an order by a court in 
        the United States granting custody to a person of a 
        United States citizen child who detains or retains the 
        child, or withholds custody of the child, outside the 
        United States from the person granted custody by that 
        order, is excludable until the child is surrendered to 
        the person granted custody by that order.
          (ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not apply so long 
        as the child is located in a foreign state that is a 
        party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of 
        International Child Abduction.
    (D) Aliens Who Have Confiscated American Property Abroad 
and Related Persons.--(i) Any alien whom the Secretary of State 
determines is a person who--
          (I) has confiscated, or has directed or overseen the 
        confiscation of, property which is owned by a national 
        of the United States, or converts or has converted for 
        personal gain confiscated property which is owned by a 
        national of the United States, or
          (II) traffics in confiscated property which is owned 
        by a national of the United States,
is excludable.
    (ii) As used in this subparagraph:
          (I) Confiscated.--The term ``confiscated'' refers to 
        the nationalization, expropriation, or other seizure by 
        governmental authority of ownership or control of 
        property on or after January 1, 1959--
                  (aa) without having returned the property or 
                provided adequate and effective compensation or 
                in violation of the law of the place where the 
                property was situated when the confiscation 
                occurred; and
                  (bb) without the claim to the property having 
                been settled pursuant to an international 
                claims settlement agreement or other recognized 
                settlement procedure.
          (II) Property.--The term ``property'' means--
                  (aa) any rights, security, or other interest, 
                including any leasehold interest;
                  (bb) debts owed or repudiated by a foreign 
                government or by any enterprise which has been 
                confiscated by a foreign government; and
                  (cc) debts which are a charge on property 
                confiscated by a foreign government.
        The term ``property'' does not include default by a 
        foreign government on securities, bonds, or other 
        instruments issued by that foreign government, unless 
        those obligations were incurred in settlement of a 
        confiscated property claim.
          (III) Traffic.--The term ``traffic'' means--
                  (aa) to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense, 
                broker, manage, or otherwise dispose of 
                confiscated property, or otherwise acquire an 
                interest in confiscated property, or
                  (bb) to engage in a commercial activity using 
                or otherwise benefiting from a confiscated 
                property,
        without the authorization of the national of the United 
        States who holds a claim to the property.
    (iii) This subparagraph shall be construed and applied 
consistent with the North American Free Trade Agreement, the 
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and other applicable 
international agreements.
    (iv) This subparagraph shall not apply--
          (I) to claims arising from territory in dispute as a 
        result of war between United Nations member states in 
        which the ultimate resolution of the disputed territory 
        has not been resolved; or
          (II) where the Secretary of State deems that making 
        such a determination would be contrary to the national 
        interest of the United States.
          * * * * * * *
    (e) Educational Visitor Status; Foreign Residence 
Requirement; Waiver.--No person admitted under section 
1101(a)(15)(J) of this title or acquiring such status after 
admission (i) whose participation in the program for which he 
came to the United States was financed in whole or in part, 
directly or indirectly, by an agency of the Government of the 
United States or by the government of the country of his 
nationality or his last residence, (ii) who at the time of 
admission or acquisition of status under section 1101(a)(15)(J) 
of this title was a national or resident of a country which the 
[Director of the United States Information Agency] Secretary of 
State, pursuant to regulations prescribed by him, had 
designated as clearly requiring the services of persons 
engaged, in the field of specailized knowledge or skill in 
which the alien was engaed, or (iii) who came to the United 
States or acquired such status in order to receive graduate 
medical education or training, shall be eligible to apply for 
an immigrant visa, or for permanent residence, or for a 
nonimmigrant visa under section 1101(a)(15)(H) or section 
1101(a)(15)(L) of this title until it is established that such 
person has resided and been physically present in the country 
of his nationality or his last residence for an aggregate of at 
least two years following departure from the United States: 
Provided, That upon the favorable recommendation of the 
[Director of the United States Information Agency] Secretary of 
State, pursuant to the request of an interested United States 
Government agency, (or, in the case of an alien described in 
clause (iii), pursuant to the request of a State Department of 
Public Health, or its equivalent) or of the Commissioner of 
Immigration and Naturalization after he has determined that 
departure from the United States would impose exceptional 
hardship upon the alien's spouse or child (if such spouse or 
child is a citizen of the United States or a lawfully resident 
alien), or that the alien cannot return to the country of his 
nationality or last residence because he would be subject to 
persecution on account of race, religion, or political opinion, 
the Attorney General may waive the requirement of such two-year 
foreign residence abroad in the case of any alien whose 
admission to the United States is found by the Attorney General 
to be in the public interest except that in the case of a 
waiver requested by a State Department of Public Health, or its 
equivalent the waiver shall be subject to the requirements of 
section 1184(k) of this title: And provided further, That, 
except in the case of an alien described in clause (iii), the 
Attorney General may, upon the favorable recommendation of the 
[Director] Secretary, waive such two-year foreign residence 
requirement in any case in which the foreign country of the 
alien's nationality or last residence has furnished the 
[Director] Secretary a statement in writing that it has no 
objection to such waiver in the case of such alien.
          * * * * * * *

                      TITLE 18--UNITED STATES CODE

          * * * * * * *

Sec. 207. Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected 
                    officials of the executive and legislative branches

          * * * * * * *
    (d) Restrictions on Very Senior Personnel of the Executive 
Branch and Independent Agencies.--
          (1) Restrictions.--In addition to the restrictions 
        set forth in subsections (a) and (b), any person who--
                  (A) serves in the position of Vice President 
                of the United States,
                  (B) is employed in a position in the 
                executive branch of the United Stated 
                (including any independent agency) at a rate of 
                pay payable for level I of the Executive 
                Schedule or employed in a position in the 
                Executive Office of the President at a rate of 
                pay payable for level II of the Executive 
                Schedule, [or]
                  (C) is appointed by the President to a 
                position under section 105(a)(2)(A) of title 3 
                or by the Vice President to a position under 
                section 106(a)(1)(A) of title 3, or
                  (D) serves in the position of chief of 
                mission (as defined in section 102(3) of the 
                Foreign Service Act of 1980),
and who, within 1 year after the termination of that person's 
service in that position, knowingly makes, with the intent to 
influence, any communication to or appearance before any person 
described in paragraph (2), on behalf of any other person 
(except the United States), in connection with any matter on 
which such person seeks official action by any officer or 
employee of the executive branch of the United States, shall be 
punished as provided in section 216 of this title.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 3492. Commission to consular officers to authenticate foreign 
                    documents

          * * * * * * *
    (c) The provisions of this section and sections 3493-3496 
of this title applicable to consular officers shall be 
applicable to diplomatic officers pursuant to such regulations 
as may be prescribed by the President. For purposes of this 
section and sections 3493 through 3496 of this title, a 
consular officer shall include any United States citizen 
employee of the Department of State designated to perform 
notarial functions pursuant to section 24 of the Act of August 
18, 1856 (Rev. Stat. 1750; 22 U.S.C. 4221).

                      TITLE 22--UNITED STATES CODE

          * * * * * * *
Sec. 214. Fees for execution and issuance of passports; persons excused 
                    from payment

    There shall be collected and paid into the Treasury of the 
United States a fee, prescribed by the Secretary of State by 
regulation, for each passport issued and a fee, prescribed by 
the Secretary of State by regulation, for executing each 
application for a passport; except that the Secretary of State 
may by regulation authorize State officials or the United 
States Postal Service to collect and retain the execution fee 
for each application for a passport accepted by such officials 
or by that Service.
          * * * * * * *
    [Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to 
limit the right of the Secretary of State by regulation (1) to 
authorize State officials to collect and retain the execution 
fee, or (2) to transfer to the United States Postal Service the 
execution fee for each application accepted by that Service.] 
No passport fee shall be collected from an officer or employee 
of the United States proceeding aboard in the discharge of 
official duties, or from members of his immediate family; from 
an American seaman who requires a passport in connection with 
his duties abroad an American flag-vessel; or from a widow, 
child, parent, brother, or sister of a deceased member of the 
Armed Forces proceeding abroad to visit the grave of such 
member. No execution fee shall be collected for an application 
made before a Federal official by a person excused from payment 
of the passport fee under this section.
          * * * * * * *

[Sec. 276. Bureau of Interparliamentary Union; American group; 
                    authorization of appropriations; disbursements

    [There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 
1976 and for each subsequent fiscal year--
          [(1) for the annual contribution of the United States 
        toward the maintenance of the Bureau of 
        Interparliamentary Union for the promotion of 
        international arbitration, an amount equal to 13.61 per 
        centum of the budget of the Interparliamentary Union 
        for the year with respect to which such contribution is 
        to be made if the American group of the 
        Interparliamentary Union has approved such budget; and
          [(2) to assist in meeting the expenses of the 
        American group for such fiscal year, $90,000, or so 
        much thereof as may be necessary.
Funds made available under paragraph (2) shall be disbursed on 
vouchers to be approved by the Chairman of the House delegation 
in the case of delegates from the House of Representatives or 
the Chairman of the Senate delegation in the case of delegates 
from the Senate, except that either such Chairman may authorize 
the executive secretary of the American group to approve such 
vouchers on his behalf.

[Sec. 276a. Reports to Congress by American group

    [The American group of the Interparliamentary Union shall 
submit to the Congress a report for each fiscal year for which 
an appropriation is made, including its expenditures under such 
appropriation.

[Sec. 276a-1. Conference of the Interparliamentary Union; appointment 
                    of delegates from House of Representatives; 
                    Chairman; Vice Chairman

    [There shall be not to exceed twelve delegates from the 
House of Representatives (at least four of whom shall be from 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs) to each Conference of the 
Interparliamentary Union, such delegates to be appointed by the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. The Chairman or Vice 
Chairman of the House delegation shall be a member from the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs. The Speaker shall designate the 
Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the House delegation for each 
such Conference.

[Sec. 276a-2. Conference of the Interparliamentary Union and all other 
                    parliamentary conferences; appointment of delegates 
                    from Senate; Chairman; Vice Chairman

    [Senate delegates to each conference of the 
Interparliamentary Union, and to all other parliamentary 
conferences, shall be designated by the President of the Senate 
upon recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of 
the Senate. Unless the President of the Senate, upon the 
recommendation of the majority leader, determines otherwise, 
the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall be 
a Member from the Foreign Relations Committee. Not fewer than 
two Senators designated to be in the Senate delegation to each 
conference of the Interparliamentary Union shall be members of 
the Committee on Foreign Relations.

[Sec. 276a-3. Executive secretary of American group of the 
                    Interparliamentary Union

    [After December 31, 1977, the executive secretary of the 
American group of the Interparliamentary Union shall be an 
officer or employee of the Senate or the House of 
Representatives and shall be appointed--
          [(1) by the Chairman of the Senate delegation upon 
        recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of 
        the Senate for service during odd-numbered Congresses; 
        and
          [(2) by the Chairman of the House delegation for 
        service during even-numbered Congresses.

[Sec. 276a-4. Auditing of accounts of House and Senate delegations to 
                    the Interparliamentary Union; finality and 
                    conclusiveness of certificate of Chairman]

    [The certificate of the Chairman of the respective 
delegation to the Interparliamentary Union (or the certificate 
of the executive secretary of the American group if the 
Chairman delegates such authority to him) shall be final and 
conclusive upon the accounting officers in the auditing of all 
accounts of the House and Senate delegations to the 
Interparliamentary Union.]
          * * * * * * *

[Sec. 276c-1. Reports of expenditures by members of American groups or 
                    delegations and employees; consolidated reports by 
                    Congressional Committees; public inspection

    [Each chairman or senior member of the House of 
Representatives and Senate group or delegation of the United 
States group or delegation to the Interparliamentary Union, the 
North Atlantic Assembly, the Canada-United States 
Interparliamentary Group, the Mexico-United States 
Interparliamentary Group, or any similar interparliamentary 
group of which the United States is a member or participates, 
by whom or on whose behalf local currencies owned by the United 
States are made available and expended and/or expenditures are 
made from funds appropriated for the expenses of such group or 
delegation, shall file with the chairman of the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate in the case of the group or 
delegation of the Senate, or with the chairman of the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives in the case 
of the group or delegation of the House, an itemized report 
showing all such expenditures made by or on behalf of each 
Member or employee of the group or delegation together with the 
purposes of the expenditure, including per diem (lodging and 
meals), transportation, and other purposes. Within sixty days 
after the beginning of each regular session of Congress, the 
chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and the chairman 
of the Committee on Foreign Affairs shall prepare consolidated 
reports showing with respect to each such group or delegation 
the total amount expended, the purposes of the expenditures, 
the amount expended for each such purpose, the names of the 
Members or employees by or on behalf of whom the expenditures 
were made and the amount expended by or on behalf of each 
Member or employee for each such purpose. The consolidated 
reports prepared by the chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate shall be filed with the Secretary of 
the Senate, and the consolidated reports prepared by the 
chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House shall 
be filed with the Committee on House Administration of the 
House and shall be open to public inspection.
[Sec. 276d. United States group; appointment; term; meetings

    [Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be 
appointed to meet jointly and at least annually and when 
Congress is not in session (except that this restriction shall 
not apply during the first session of the Eighty-sixth Congress 
or to meetings held in the United States) with representatives 
of the House of Commons and Senate of the Canadian Parliament 
for discussion of common problems in the interests of relations 
between the United States and Canada. Of the Members of the 
Congress to be appointed for the purposes of this subchapter 
(hereinafter designated as the United States group) half shall 
be appointed by the Speaker of the House from Members of the 
House (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign 
Affairs Committee), and half shall be appointed by the 
President of the Senate upon recommendations of the majority 
and minority leaders of the Senate from Members of the Senate 
(not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign Members 
Committee).
    [Such appointments shall be for the period of each meeting 
of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary group except for 
the four members of the Foreign Affairs Committee and the four 
members of the Foreign Relations Committee, whose appointments 
shall be for the duration of each Congress.]
    [The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House delegation 
shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs Committee, and, 
unless the President of the Senate, upon the recommendation of 
the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, the Chairman or Vice 
Chairman of the Senate delegation shall be a Member from the 
Foreign Relations Committee.]

[Sec. 276e. Authorization of appropriations; disbursements

    [An appropriation of $50,000 annually is authorized, 
$25,000 of which shall be for the House delegation and $25,000 
for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as may be 
necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the United 
States group of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary 
group for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made, 
the House and Senate portions of such appropriation to be 
disbursed on vouchers to be approved by the Chairman of the 
House delegation and the Chairman of the Senate delegation, 
respectively.

[Sec. 276f. Report to Congress

    [The United States group of the Canada-United States 
Interparliamentary group shall submit to the Congress a report 
for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made 
including its expenditures under such appropriation.

[Sec. 276g. Auditing of accounts

    [The certificate of the Chairman of the House delegation or 
the Senate delegation of the Canada-United States 
Interparliamentary group shall hereafter be final and 
conclusive upon the accounting officers in the auditing of the 
accounts of the United States group of the Canada-United States 
Interparliamentary group.]
          * * * * * * *

     [Subchapter II--Mexico-United States Interparliamentary Group

[Sec. 276h. United States group; appointment; term; meetings

    [Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be 
appointed to meet jointly and at least annually with 
representatives of the Chamber of Deputies and Chamber of 
Senators of the Mexican Congress for discussion of common 
problems in the interests of relations between the United 
States and Mexico. Of the Members of the Congress to be 
appointed for the purposes of this subchapter (hereinafter 
designated as the United States group) half shall be appointed 
by the Speaker of the House from Members of the House (not less 
than four of whom shall be from the Foreign Affairs Committee), 
and half shall be appointed by the President of the Senate upon 
recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the 
Senate from Members of the Senate (not less than four of whom 
shall be from the Foreign Relations Committee). Such 
appointments shall be for the period of each meeting of the 
Mexico-United States Interparliamentary group except for the 
four members of the Foreign Affairs Committee, and the four 
members of the Foreign Relations Committee whose appointments 
shall be for the duration of each Congress. The Chairman or 
Vice Chairman of the House delegation shall be a Member from 
the Foreign Affairs Committee, and, unless the President of the 
Senate, upon the recommendation of the Majority Leader, 
determines otherwise, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the 
Senate delegation shall be a member from the Foreign Relations 
Committee.

[Sec. 276i. Authorization of appropriations; disbursements

    [An appropriation of $50,000 annually is authorized, 
$25,000 of which shall be for the House delegation and $25,000 
for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as may be 
necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the United 
States group of the Mexico-United States Interparliamentary 
group for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made, 
the House and Senate portions of such appropriation to be 
disbursed on vouchers to be approved by the Chairman of the 
House delegation and the Chairman of the Senate delegation, 
respectively.

[Sec. 276j. Report to Congress

    [The United States group of the Mexico-United States 
Interparliamentary group shall submit to the Congress a report 
for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made 
including its expenditures under such appropriation.

[Sec. 276k. Auditing of accounts

    [The certificate of the Chairman of the House delegation or 
the Senate delegation of the Mexico-United States 
Interparliamentary group shall on and after April 9, 1960 be 
final and conclusive upon the accounting officers in the 
auditing of the accounts of the United States group of the 
Mexico-United States Interparliamentary group.]
          * * * * * * *
      [Subchapter II-A--British-American Interparliamentary Group

[Sec. 276l. British-American Interparliamentary Group

    [(a) Establishment and meetings.--Not to exceed 24 Members 
of Congress shall be appointed to meet annually and when the 
Congress is not in session (except that this restriction shall 
not apply to meetings held in the United States), with 
representatives of the House of Commons and the House of Lords 
of the Parliament of Great Britain for discussion of common 
problems in the interest of relations between the United States 
and Great Britain. The Members of Congress so appointed shall 
be referred to as the ``United States group'' of the United 
States Interparliamentary Group.
    [(b) Appointment of Members.--Of the Members of Congress 
appointed for purposes of this section--
          [(1) half shall be appointed by the Speaker of the 
        House of Representatives from among Members of the 
        House (not less than 4 of whom shall be members of the 
        Committee on Foreign Affairs), and
          [(2) half shall be appointed by the President Pro 
        Tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations of the 
        majority and minority leaders of the Senate, from among 
        Members of the Senate (not less than 4 of whom shall be 
        members of the Committee on Foreign Relations) unless 
        the majority and minority leaders of the Senate 
        determine otherwise.
    [(c) Chair and Vice Chair.--
          [(1) The Chair or Vice Chair of the House delegation 
        of the United States group shall be a member from the 
        Committee on Foreign Affairs.
          [(2) The President Pro Tempore of the Senate shall 
        designate the Chair or Vice Chair of the Senate 
        delegation.
    [(d) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
$50,000 for each fiscal year to assist in meeting the expenses 
of the United States group for each fiscal year for which an 
appropriation is made, half of which shall be for the House 
delegation and half of which shall be for the Senate 
delegation. The House and Senate portions of such 
appropriations shall be disbursed on vouchers to be approved by 
the Chair of the House delegation and the Chair of the Senate 
delegation, respectively.
    [(e) Certification of Expenditures.--The certificate of the 
Chair of the House delegation or the Senate delegation of the 
United States group shall be final and conclusive upon the 
accounting officers in the auditing of the accounts of the 
United States group.
    [(f) Annual Report.--The United States group shall submit 
to the Congress a report for each fiscal year for which an 
appropriation is made for the United States group, which shall 
include its expenditures under such appropriation.
    [(g) [Omitted]

[Subchapter II-B--United States Delegation to Parliamentary Assembly of 
         Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSCE

[Sec. 276m. United States Delegation to Parliamentary Assembly of 
                    Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 
                    (CSCE)

    [(a) Establishment.--In accordance with the allocation of 
seats to the United States in the Parliamentary Assembly of the 
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (hereinafter 
referred to as the ``CSCE Assembly'') not to exceed 17 Members 
of Congress shall be appointed to meet jointly and annually 
with representative parliamentary groups from other Conference 
on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) member-nations for 
the purposes of--
          [(1) assessing the implementation of the objectives 
        of the CSCE;
          [(2) discussing subjects addressed during the 
        meetings of the Council of Ministers for Foreign 
        Affairs and the biennial Summit of Heads of State or 
        Government;
          [(3) initiating and promoting such national and 
        multilateral measures as may further cooperation and 
        security in Europe.
    [(b) Appointment of Delegation.--For each meeting of the 
CSCE Assembly, there shall be appointed a United States 
Delegation, as follows:
          [(1) In 1992 and every even-numbered year thereafter, 
        9 Members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the 
        House from Members of the House (not less than 4 of 
        whom, including the Chairman of the United States 
        Delegation, shall be from the Committee on Foreign 
        Affairs); and 8 Members shall, upon recommendations of 
        the Majority leaders of the Senate, be appointed by the 
        President Pro Tempore of the Senate from Members of the 
        Senate (not less than 4 of whom, including the Vice 
        Chairman of the United States Delegation, shall be from 
        the Committee on Foreign Relations, unless the 
        President Pro Tempore of the Senate, upon 
        recommendations of the Majority and Minority leaders of 
        the Senate, determines otherwise).
          [(2) In every odd-numbered year beginning in 1993, 9 
        Members shall, upon recommendation of the Majority and 
        Minority Leaders of the Senate, be appointed by the 
        President Pro Tempore of the Senate from Members of the 
        Senate (not less than 4 of whom, including the Chairman 
        of the United States Delegation, shall be from the 
        Committee on Foreign Relations, unless the President 
        Pro Tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations of the 
        Majority and Minority leaders of the Senate, determines 
        otherwise); and 8 Members shall be appointed by the 
        Speaker of the House from Members of the House (not 
        less than 4 of whom, including the Vice Chairman, shall 
        be from the Committee on Foreign Affairs).
    [(c) Administrative Support.--For the purpose of providing 
general staff support and continuity between successive 
delegations, each United States Delegation shall have 2 
secretaries (one of whom shall be appointed by the Chairman of 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives and one of whom shall be appointed by the 
Chairman of the Delegation of the Senate).
    [(d) Funding.--
          [(1) United States participation.--There is 
        authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year 
        $80,000 to assist in meeting the expenses of the United 
        States delegation. For each fiscal year for which an 
        appropriation is made under this subsection, half of 
        such appropriation may be disbursed on voucher to be 
        approved by the Chairman and half of such appropriation 
        may be disbursed on voucher to be approved by the Vice 
        Chairman.
          [(2) Availability of appropriations.--Amounts 
        appropriated pursuant to this subsection are authorized 
        to be available until expended.
    [(e) Annual report.--The United States Delegation shall, 
for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made, submit 
to the Congress a report including its expenditures under such 
appropriation. The certificate of the Chairman and Vice 
Chairman of the United States Delegation shall be final and 
conclusive upon the accounting officers in the auditing of the 
accounts of the United States Delegation.]
          * * * * * * *
Sec. 277b. Works or projects under treaty

    (a) Construction, Operation, Maintenance and Supervision; 
Sewage interceptor System.--
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Anzalduas Diversion Dam.--The Anzalduas diversion dam 
shall not be operated for irrigation or water supply purposes 
in the United States unless suitable arrangements have been 
made with the prospective water users for repayment to the 
Government of the United States for such portions of the dam as 
shall have been allocated to such purposes by the Secretary of 
State.
    (d) Pursuant to the authority of subsection (a) and in 
order to facilitate further compliance with the terms of the 
Convention for Equitable Distribution of the Waters of the Rio 
Grande, May 21, 1906, United States-Mexico, the Secretary of 
State, acting through the United States Commissioner of the 
International Boundary and Water Commission, may make 
improvements to the Rio Grande Canalization Project, originally 
authorized by the Act of August 29, 1935 (49 Stat. 961). Such 
improvements may include all such works as may be needed to 
stabilize the Rio Grande in the reach between the Percha 
Diversion Dam in New Mexico and the American Diversion Dam in 
El Paso.''
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1464a. USIA satellite and television

    (a) In General.--The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State is authorized to lease 
or otherwise acquire time on commercial or United States 
Government satellites for the purpose of transmitting materials 
and programs to posts and other users abroad.
    (b) Broadcast Principles.--The Congress finds that the 
long-term interests of the United States are served by 
communicating directly with the peoples of the world by 
television. [To be effective, the United States Information 
Agency] To be effective in carrying out this subsection, the 
Department of State must win the attention and respect of 
viewers. These principles will therefore govern the Agency's 
television broadcasts (hereinafter in this section referred to 
as [USIA-TV]'':
          (1) [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV will serve as a 
        consistently reliable and authoritative source on news. 
        [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV news will be accurate 
        and objective.
          (2) [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV will represent 
        the United States, not any single segment of American 
        society and will, therefore, present a balanced and 
        comprehensive projection of significant American 
        thought and institutions.
          (3) [USIA-TV] DEPARTMENT OF STATE-TV will present the 
        policies of the United States clearly and effectively 
        and will also present responsible discussions and 
        opinion on these policies.
    (c) Programs.--The [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State is authorized to 
produce, acquire, or broadcast television programs, via 
satellite, only if such programs--
          (1) are interactive, consisting of interviews among 
        participants in different locales;
          (2) cover news, public affairs, or other current 
        events;
          (3) cover official activities of government, Federal 
        or State, including congressional proceedings and news 
        briefings of any agency of the Executive branch; or
          (4) are of an artistic or scientific character or are 
        otherwise representative of American culture.
    (d) Costs.--When a comparable program produced by United 
States public or commercial broadcasters and producers is 
available at a cost which is equal to or less than the cost of 
production by USIA-TV, the Director of the United States 
Information Agency shall use such materials in preference to 
USIA-TV produced materials.
    [(e) Allocation of Funds.--
          [(1) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to 
        the United States Information Agency not more than 
        $12,000,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and not more than 
        $12,480,000 for the fiscal year 1991 may be obligated 
        or expended for USIA-TV.
          [(2) The United States Information Agency shall 
        prepare and submit to the Congress quarterly reports 
        which contain a detailed explanation of expenditures 
        for USIA-TV during the fiscal years 1990 and 1991. Such 
        reports shall contain specific justification and 
        supporting information pertaining to all programs, 
        particularly those described in subsection (c)(4) of 
        this section, that were produced in-house by USIA-TV. 
        Each such report shall include a statement by the 
        Director of the United States Information Agency that, 
        according to the best information available to the 
        United States Information Agency, no comparable United 
        States commercially-produced or public television 
        program is available at a cost which is equal to or 
        less than the cost of production by USIA-TV.
          [(3) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to 
        the United States Information Agency, $1,500,000 for 
        the fiscal year 1990 and $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 
        1991 shall be available only for the purchase or use of 
        programs produced with grants from the Corporation for 
        Public Broadcasting or produced by United States public 
        broadcasters.]
          * * * * * * *
Sec. 1465cc. Television Marti Service of United States Information 
                    Agency

    (a) Television Marti Service.--The Director of the United 
States Information Agency shall establish within the Voice of 
America a Television Marti Service. The Service shall be 
responsible for all television broadcasts to Cuba authorized by 
this subchapter. The Director of the United States Information 
Agency shall appoint a head of the Service who shall report 
directly to the Director of the [Voice of America.] 
International Broadcasting Bureau. The head of the Service 
shall employ such staff as the head of the Service may need to 
carry out the duties of the Service.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1469. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy

    (a) Establishment.--
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Duties and Responsibilities.--
          (1) The Commission shall formulate and recommend to 
        [the Director of the United States Information Agency], 
        the Secretary of State, and the President policies and 
        programs to carry out the functions vested in the 
        [Director or the Agency, and shall appraise the 
        effectiveness of policies and programs of the Agency.] 
        Secretary of State or the Department of State, and 
        shall appraise the effectiveness of the information, 
        educational, and cultural policies and programs of the 
        Department.
          (2) The Commission shall submit to the Congress, the 
        President, [the Secretary of State, and the Director of 
        the United States Information Agency annual reports on 
        programs and activities carried out by the Agency] and 
        the Secretary of State, including appraisals, where 
        feasible, as to the effectiveness of the several 
        programs. The Commission shall also include in such 
        reports such recommendations as shall have been made by 
        the Commission to the [Director for effectuating the 
        purposes of the Agency] Secretary for effectuating the 
        information, educational, and cultural functions of the 
        Department, and the action taken to carry out such 
        recommendations.
          (3) The Commission may also submit such other reports 
        to the Congress as it considers appropriate, and shall 
        make reports to the public in the United States and 
        abroad to develop a better understanding of and support 
        for the [programs conducted by the Agency]  
        information, educational, and cultural programs 
        conducted by the Department of State.
          (4) The Commission's reports to the Congress shall 
        include assessments of the degree to which the 
        scholarly integrity and nonpolitical character of the 
        educational and cultural exchange activities vested in 
        the [Director of the United States Information Agency] 
        Secretary of State have been maintained, and 
        assessments of the attitudes of foreign scholars and 
        governments regarding such activities.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1471. * * *

          * * * * * * *
          (3) whenever necessary in carrying out subchapter V 
        of this chapter, to purchase, rent, construct, improve, 
        maintain, and operate facilities for radio transmission 
        and reception, including the leasing of associated real 
        property (either within or outside the United States) 
        for periods not to exceed forty years, or for longer 
        periods if provided for by an appropriation Act, and 
        the alteration, improvement, and repair of such 
        property, without regard to section 278a of title 40, 
        and any such real property or interests therein which 
        are outside the United States may be acquired without 
        regard to section 255 of title 40 [if the sufficiency 
        of the title to such real property or interests therein 
        is approved by the Director of the United States 
        Information Agency;] if the Secretary determines that 
        title to such real property or interests is sufficient;
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1475b. Seal of United States Information Agency; judicial notice

    [The seal of the United States Information Agency shall be 
the arms and crest of the United States, encircled by the words 
``United States Information Agency''. Judicial notice shall be 
taken of the seal.

Sec. 1475c. Acting Associate Directors

    [If an Associate Director of the United States Information 
Agency dies, resigns, or is sick or absent, the Associate 
Director's principal assistant shall perform the duties of the 
office until a successor is appointed or the absence or 
sickness stops.]
          * * * * * * *
Sec. 1475f. Debt collection

    (a) Contract Authority.--
          (1) Subject to the availability of appropriations, 
        the Director of the United States Information Agency 
        shall enter into contracts for collection services to 
        recover indebtedness owned by a person, other than a 
        foreign country, to the United States which arises out 
        of informational and educational exchange activities of 
        the United States Information Agency and is delinquent 
        by more than 90 days.
          (2) Each contract entered into under this section 
        shall provide that the person with whom the Director of 
        the United States Information Agency enters into such 
        contract shall submit to the Director at least once 
        every 180 days a status report on the success of the 
        person in collecting debts. Section 3718 of Title 31 
        shall apply to any such contract to the extent that 
        such section is not inconsistent with this subsection.
    (b) Disclosure of Delinquent Debt to Credit Reporting 
Agencies.--The Director of the United States information Agency 
shall, to the extent otherwise allowed by law, disclose to 
those credit reporting agencies to which the Director reports 
loan activity information concerning any debt of more than $100 
owed by a person, other than a foreign country, to the United 
States which arises out of informational and educational 
exchange activities of the United States Information Agency and 
is delinquent by more than 31 days.

 1475g. USIA posts and personnel overseas

    (a) Limitation.--Except as provided under this section no 
funds authorized to be appropriated to the United States 
Information Agency may be used to pay any expense associated 
with the closing of any [United States Information Agency post] 
informational and educational exchange post of the Department 
of State abroad.
    (b) Notification.--Not less than 45 days before the closing 
of any United States Informational Agency post abroad the 
Director of the United States Information Agency shall notify 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the house of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate.
    (c) Exceptions.--This section shall not apply to any 
[United States Information Agency post] informational and 
educational exchange post of the Department of State closed--
          (1) because of a break or downgrading of diplomatic 
        relations between the United States and the country in 
        which the post is located; or
          (2) where there is a real and present threat to 
        United States diplomats in the city where the post is 
        located and where a travel advisory warning against 
        travel by United States citizens to the city has been 
        issued by the Department of State.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1477b. Nondiscretionary personnel costs and currency fluctuations

          * * * * * * *
    (b) Additional Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated for the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State in carrying out the informational and 
educational exchange functions of the Department, in addition 
to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated for the 
Agency, such sums as may be necessary for any fiscal year for 
increases in salary, pay, retirement, and other employee 
benefits authorized by law in connection with carrying out the 
informational and educational exchange functions of the 
Department.
    (c) Appropriations Authorization Based on Currency 
Fluctuations.--In order to maintain the levels of program 
activity provided for by the annual authorizing legislation for 
the [United States Information Agency] Department of State in 
carrying out the informational and educational exchange 
functions of the Department, there are authorized to be 
appropriated for the Agency such sums as may be necessary for 
any fiscal year to offset adverse fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates, or overseas wage and price changes, 
occurring after November 30 of the earlier of (1) the calendar 
year which ended during the fiscal year preceding such fiscal 
year, or (2) the calendar year which preceded the calendar year 
during which the authorization of appropriations for such 
fiscal year was enacted.

Sec. 1477c. Notification of reprogramings and grants; covered programs, 
                    projects, or activities; award of program grants

    (a) Availability of Appropriated Funds.--Unless the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate are 
notified fifteen days in advance of a proposed reprograming, 
funds appropriated for the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State in carrying out its informational and 
educational exchange functions shall not be available for 
obligation or expenditure through any such reprograming of 
funds--
          * * * * * * *
    (b) Notification to Congressional Committees.--In addition, 
the [United States Information Agency] Department of State in 
carrying out its informational and educational exchange 
functions may award program grants only if the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate are notified 
fifteen days in advance of the proposed grant.
    (c) Period of Availability of Appropriated funds.--Funds 
appropriated for the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State in carrying out its informational and 
educational exchange functions may not be available for 
obligation or expenditure through any reprogramming described 
in subsection (a) during the period which is the last 15 days 
in which such funds are available unless notice of such 
reprogramming is made before such period.
          * * * * * * *
Sec. 2551. Congressional statement of purpose

    An ultimate goal of the United States is a world which is 
free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of 
armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to 
the rule of law; and in which the use of force has been 
subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international 
adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. [It is 
the purpose of this chapter to provide impetus toward this goal 
by creating a new agency of peace to deal with the problem of 
reduction and control of armaments looking toward ultimate 
world disarmament.]
    Arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy, 
being an important aspect of foreign policy, must be consistent 
with national security policy as a whole. [The formulation and 
implementation of United States arms control, nonproliferation, 
and disarmament policy in a manner which will promote the 
national security can best be insured by a central organization 
charged by statute with primary responsibility for this field. 
This organization must have such a position within the 
Government that it can provide the President, the Secretary of 
State, other officials of the executive branch, and the 
Congress with recommendations concerning United States arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy, and can 
assess the effect of these recommendations upon our foreign 
policies, our national security policies, and our economy.]
    [This organization must have the capacity to provide the 
essential scientific, economic, political, military, 
psychological, and technological information upon which 
realistic arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament 
policy must be based.] [It shall have the authority, under the 
direction of the President and the Secretary of State,] The 
Department of State shall have the authority to carry out the 
following primary functions:
          (1) The preparation for and management of United 
        States participation in international negotiations and 
        implementation fora in the arms control and disarmament 
        field.
          (2) When directed by the President, the preparation 
        for, and management of, United Stated participation in 
        international negotiations and implementation fora in 
        the nonproliferation field.
          (3) The conduct, support, and coordination of 
        research for arms control, nonproliferation, and 
        disarmament policy formulation.
          (4) The preparation for, operation of, or, as 
        appropriate, direction of, United States participation 
        in such control systems as may become part of United 
        States arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament 
        activities.
          (5) The dissemination and coordination of public 
        information concerning arms control, nonproliferation, 
        and disarmament.

Sec. 2552. Definitions

    As used in this chapter--
          (a) The terms ``arms control'' and ``disarmament'' 
        mean the identification, verification, inspection, 
        limitation, control, reduction, or elimination, of 
        armed forces and armaments of all kinds under 
        international agreement including the necessary steps 
        taken under such an agreement to establish an effective 
        system of international control, or to create and 
        strengthen international organizations for the 
        maintenance of peace.
          (b) The term ``Government agency'' means any 
        executive department, commission, agency, independent 
        establishment, corporation wholly or partly owned by 
        the United States which is an instrumentality of the 
        United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, 
        office, officer, authority, administration, or other 
        establishment in the executive branch of Government.
          [(c) The term ``Agency'' means the United States Arms 
        Control and Disarmament Agency.]
          (c) The term ``Department'' means the Department of 
        State.
          (d) The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
        State.
          * * * * * * *

[Sec. 2562. Director

    (a) Appointment.--The agency shall be headed by a Director 
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate. No person serving on active duty as a 
commissioned officer of the Armed Forces of the United States 
may be appointed Director.
    [(b) Duties.--
          [(1) The Director shall serve as the principal 
        adviser to the Secretary of State, the National 
        Security Council, and the President and other executive 
        branch Government officials on matters relating to arms 
        control, nonproliferation, and disarmament. In carrying 
        out his duties under this chapter, the Director, under 
        the direction of the President and the Secretary of 
        State, shall have primary responsibility within the 
        Government for matters relating to arms control and 
        disarmament, and, whenever directed by the President, 
        primary responsibility within the Government for 
        matters relating to nonproliferation.
          [(2) The Director shall attend all meetings of the 
        National Security Council involving weapons 
        procurement, arms sales, consideration of the defense 
        budget, and all arms control, nonproliferation, and 
        disarmament matters.]

Sec. 2563. Deputy Director of Agency; appointment; powers and duties

    [A Deputy Director of the Agency shall be appointed by the 
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
The Deputy Director shall have direct responsibility, under the 
supervision of the Director, for the administrative management 
of the Agency, intelligence-related activities, security, and 
the Special Compartmental Intelligence Facility, and shall 
perform such other duties and exercise such other powers as the 
Director may prescribe. He shall act for, and exercise the 
powers of, the Director during his absence or disability or 
during a vacancy in said office. No person serving on active 
duty as a commissioned officer of the Armed Forces of the 
United States may be appointed Deputy Director.
[Sec. 2564. Assistant Directors of Agency; number; appointment; powers 
                    and duties

    [Not to exceed four Assistant Directors may be appointed by 
the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate. They shall perform such duties and exercise such powers 
as the Director may prescribe.

[Sec. 2565. Bureaus, offices, and divisions

    [The Director may establish within the Agency such bureaus, 
offices, and divisions as he may determine to be necessary to 
discharge his responsibilities pursuant to this chapter, 
including a bureau of intelligence and information support and 
an office to perform legal services for the Agency.]

Sec. 2566. Scientific and Policy Advisory Committee

    (a) Establishment.--
          (1) The President may appoint a Scientific and Policy 
        Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the 
        ``Committee'') of not to exceed 15 members, not less 
        than eight of whom shall be scientists.
          (2) The members of the Committee shall be appointed 
        as follows:
                  (A) One member, who shall be a person of 
                renown and distinction, shall be appointed by 
                the President, by and with the advice and 
                consent of the Senate, as Chairman of the 
                Committee
                  (B) Fourteen other members shall be appointed 
                by the President
          (3) The Committee shall meet at least twice each 
        year.
    (b) Function.--
          It shall be the responsibility of the Committee to 
        advise the President[, the Secretary of State, and the 
        Director and the Secretary of State respecting 
        scientific, technical, and policy matters affecting 
        arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 2567. Presidential Special Representatives

    The President may appoint, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, Special Representatives of the President 
for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters. 
Each Presidential Special Representatives shall hold the rank 
of ambassador. One such Representative appointed under this 
section shall perform their duties and exercise their powers 
under the direction of the President and the Secretary of 
State[, acting through the Director]. The Agency shall be the 
Government agency responsible for providing administrative 
support, including funding, staff, and office space, to all 
President Special Representatives.

Sec. 2568. Program for visiting scholars

    A program for visiting scholars in the fields of arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament shall be established 
by the Director in order to obtain the services of scholars 
from the faculties of recognized institutions of higher 
learning. The purpose of the program will be to give 
specialists it the physical sciences and other disciplines 
relevant to the [Agency's activities] Department's arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament activities an 
opportunity for active participation in the arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmament activities of the Agency and 
to gain for the Agency the perspective and expertise such 
persons can offer. Each fellow in the program shall be 
appointed for a term of one year, except that such terms may be 
extended for a 1-year period. Fellows shall be chosen by a 
board consisting of the Director, who shall be the 
chairperson[, and all former Directors of the Agency.] .
          * * * * * * *
Sec. 2573. Policy formulation

    (a) Formulation.--The Director [shall prepare for the 
President, the Secretary of State,] shall prepare for the 
President and the heads of such other Government agencies as 
the President may determine, recommendations and advice 
concerning United States arms control, nonproliferation, and 
disarmament policy.
    (b) Prohibition.--No action shall be taken pursuant to this 
chapter or any other Act that would obligate the United States 
to reduce or limit the Armed Forces or armaments of the United 
States in a militarily significant manner, except pursuant to 
the treaty-making power of the President set forth in Article 
II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution or unless 
authorized by the enactment of further affirmative legislation 
by the Congress of the United States.

Sec. 2574. Negotiation management

    (a) Responsibilities.--The Director, under the direction of 
[the President and the Secretary of State,] the President, 
shall have primary responsibility for the preparation, conduct, 
and management of United States participation in all 
international negotiations and implementation fora in the field 
of arms control and disarmament and shall have primary 
responsibility, whenever directed by the President, for the 
preparation, conduct, and management of United States 
participation in international negotiations and implementation 
fora in the field of nonproliferation. In furtherance of these 
responsibilities, Special Representatives of the President 
appointed pursuant to section 2567 of this title, shall, as 
directed by the President, serve as the United States 
Government representatives to international organizations, 
conferences, and activities relating to the field of 
nonproliferation, such as the preparations for and conduct of 
the review relating to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 
Nuclear Weapons.
    [(b) Functions With Respect to the United States 
Information Agency.--The Director shall perform functions 
pursuant to section 2(c) of the Reorganization Plan 8 of 1953 
with respect to providing to the United States Information 
Agency official United States positions and policy on arms 
control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters for 
dissemination abroad.]
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 2577. Verification of Compliance

    (a) In General.--
          * * * * * * *
    (d) Participation of the Agency.--In order to ensure 
adherence of the United States to obligations or commitments 
undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament 
agreements, and in order for the Director to make the 
assessment required by section 2593a(a)(5) of this title, the 
Director, or the [Director's designee,] Secretary's designee, 
shall participate in all interagency groups or organizations 
within the executive branch of Government that assess, analyze, 
or review United States planned or ongoing policies, programs, 
or actions that have a direct bearing on United Sates adherence 
to obligations undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, or 
disarmament agreements.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 2581. General authority of Director

    [In the performance of his functions, the Director is 
authorized to--
          [(a) Utilization of other Federal agencies; general 
        administrative services; transfers of supplies, 
        equipment and surplus property utilize or employ the 
        services, personnel, equipment, or facilities of any 
        other Government agency, with the consent of the agency 
        concerned, to perform such functions on behalf of the 
        Agency as may appear desirable. It is the intent of 
        this section that the Director rely upon the Department 
        of State for general administrative services in the 
        United States and abroad to the extent agreed upon 
        between the Secretary of State and the Director. Any 
        Government agency is authorized, not withstanding any 
        other provision of law, to transfer to or to receive 
        from the Director, without reimbursement, supplies and 
        equipment other than administrative supplies or 
        equipment. Transfer or receipt of excess property shall 
        be in accordance with the provisions of the Federal 
        Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as 
        amended [40 U.S.C.A. Sec. 471 et seq.];
          [(b) Employment of personnel appoint officers and 
        employees, including attorneys, for the Agency in 
        accordance with the provisions of Title 5 governing 
        appointment in the competitive service, and fix their 
        compensation in accordance with chapter 51 and with 
        subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title, relating to 
        classification and General Schedule pay rates, except 
        that the Director may, to the extent the Director 
        determines necessary to the discharge of his 
        responsibilities, appoint and fix the compensation of 
        employees possessing specialized technical expertise 
        without regard to the provisions of Title 5, governing 
        appointments in the competitive service and the 
        provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 
        53 of such title relating to classification and General 
        Schedule pay rates, if the Director ensures that--
                  [(1) any employee who is appointed under this 
                exception is not paid at a rate--
                          [(A) in excess of the rate payable 
                        for positions of equivalent difficulty 
                        or responsibility, or
                          [(B) exceeding the maximum rate 
                        payable for grade 15 of the General 
                        Schedule; and
                  [(2) the number of employees appointed under 
                this exception shall not exceed 10 percent of 
                the Agency's full-time-equivalent ceiling.
          [(c) Detail of other agency personnel without 
        prejudice to status or advancement enter into 
        agreements with other Government agencies, including 
        the military departments through the Secretary of 
        Defense, under which officers or employees of such 
        agencies may be detailed to the Agency for the 
        performance of service pursuant to this chapter without 
        prejudice to the status or advancement of such officers 
        or employees within their own agencies;
          [(d) Experts and consultants; stenographic reporting 
        services; compensation and travel expenses; limitation 
        on period of employment; renewal of employment 
        contracts procure services of experts and consultants 
        or organizations thereof, including stenographic 
        reporting services, as authorized by section 3109 of 
        Title 5 and to pay in connection therewith travel 
        expenses of individuals, including transportation and 
        per diem in lieu of substance while away from their 
        homes of regular places of business, as authorized by 
        section 5703 of such title; Provided, That no such 
        individual shall be employed for more than 130 days in 
        any fiscal year unless the President certifies that 
        employment of such individual in excess of such number 
        of days is necessary in the national interest: And 
        provided further, That such contracts may be renewed 
        annually;
          [(e) Employment of outstanding personnel employ 
        individuals of outstanding ability without compensation 
        in accordance with the provisions of section 2160(b) of 
        the Appendix to Title 50 and regulations issued 
        thereunder;
          [(f) Establishment of advisory boards; compensation 
        and expenses establish advisory boards to advise with 
        and make recommendations to the Director on United 
        States arms control and disarmament policy and 
        activities. The members of such boards may receive the 
        compensation and reimbursement for expenses specified 
        for consultants by subsection (d) of this section;
          [(g) Travel and subsistence expenses from private 
        sources; reimbursement permit, under such terms and 
        conditions as he may prescribe, any officer or employee 
        of the Agency, in connection with the attendance by 
        such officer or employee at meetings or in performing 
        advisory services concerned with the functions or 
        activities of the Agency, to accept payment, in cash or 
        in kind, from any private agency organization, or from 
        any individual affiliated with such agency or 
        organization, for travel and subsistence expenses, such 
        payment to be retained by such officer or employee to 
        cover the cost thereof or to be deposited to the credit 
        of the appropriation from which the cost thereof is 
        paid;
          [(h) Oaths and sworn statements administer oaths and 
        take sworn statements in the course of an investigation 
        made pursuant to the Director's responsibilities under 
        this chapter;
          [(i) Delegation of functions delegate, as 
        appropriate, to the Deputy Director or other officers 
        of the Agency, any authority conferred upon the 
        Director by the provisions of this chapter; and
          [(j) Rules and regulations make, promulgate, issue, 
        rescind, and amend such rules and regulations as may be 
        necessary or desirable to the exercise of any authority 
        conferred upon the Director by the provisions of this 
        chapter.
           * * * * * * *

[Sec. 2588. Use of funds

    [Appropriations made to the Director for the purposes of 
this chapter, and transfers of funds to him by other Government 
agencies for such purposes, shall be available to him to 
exercise any authority granted him by this chapter, including, 
without limitation, expenses of printing and binding without 
regard to the provisions of section 501 of Title 44; purchase 
or hire of one passenger motor vehicle for the official use of 
the Director; entertainment and official courtesies to the 
extent authorized by appropriation; expenditures for training 
and study; expenditures in connection with participation in 
international conferences for the purposes of this chapter; and 
expenses in connection with travel of personnel outside the 
United States, including transportation expenses of dependents, 
household goods, and personal effects (including any such 
travel or transportation any part of which begins in one fiscal 
year pursuant to travel orders issued in that fiscal year, but 
which is completed after the end of that fiscal year), and 
expenses authorized by the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 
U.S.C.A. Sec. 3901 et seq.], not otherwise provided for.]
           * * * * * * *

[Sec. 2593a. Annual report to Congress

    Not later than January 31 of each year, the President shall 
submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to 
the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate a report prepared by the Director, in consultation with 
[the Secretary of State,] the Secretary of Defense, the 
Secretary of Energy, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 
and the Director of Central Intelligence, on the status of 
United States policy and actions with respect to arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmanent. Such report shall include--
--
           * * * * * * *

[Sec. 2593c. Requirements for authorization of appropriations

    [(a) Limitation on Obligation and Expenditure of Funds.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the fiscal year 
1994 and for each subsequent year, any funds appropriated for 
the Agency shall not be available for obligation or 
expenditure--
          [(1) unless such funds are appropriated pursuant to 
        an authorization of appropriations; or
          [(2) in excess of the authorized level of 
        appropriations.
    [(b) Subsequent Authorization.--The limitation under 
subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to the extent 
that an authorization of appropriations is enacted after such 
funds are appropriated.
    [(c) Application.--The provisions of this section----
          [(1) may not be superseded, except by a provision of 
        law which specifically repeals, modifies, or supersedes 
        the provisions of this section; and
          [(2) shall not apply to, or affect in any manner, 
        permanent appropriations, trust, funds, and other 
        similar accounts which are authorized by law and 
        administered by the Agency.]
Sec. 2595. Findings

    The Congress finds that--
          (1) under this chapter, the [United States Arms 
        Control and Disarmament Agency] Department of Defense 
        is charged with the ``formulation and implementation of 
        United States arms control and disarmament policy in a 
        manner which will promote the national security'';
          * * * * * * *
          (7) the senior officials of the On-Site Inspection 
        Agency include representatives from [the United States 
        Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and] the Department 
        of State.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 3003. Commission membership

    (a) Selection and Appointment of Members.--The Commission 
shall be composed of [twenty-one members] 18 members as 
follows:
          (1) Nine Members of the House of Representatives 
        appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
        Representatives. Five Members shall be selected from 
        the majority party and four Members shall be selected, 
        after consultation with the minority leader of the 
        House, from the minority party.
          (2) Nine Members of the Senate appointed by the 
        President of the Senate. Five Members shall be selected 
        from the majority party of the Senate, after 
        consultation with the majority leader, and four Members 
        shall be selected, after consultation with the minority 
        leader of the Senate, from the minority party.
          [(3) One member of the Department of State appointed 
        by the President of the United States.
          [(4) One member of the Department of Defense 
        appointed by the President of the United States.
          [(5) One member of the Department of Commerce 
        appointed by the President of the United States.]
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 4191. General application of provisions to consular officers

    The various provisions of title 18 of the Revised Statutes 
which are expressed in terms of general application to any 
particular classes of consular officers, shall be deemed to 
apply as well to all other classes of such officers and to such 
other United States citizen employees of the Department of 
State as may be designated by the Secretary of State pursuant 
to such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, so far as 
may be consistent with the subject matter of the same and with 
the treaties of the United States.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 4413. Eligibility of the Endowment for grants

          * * * * * * *
    (g) Audit by United States Information Agency.--The 
financial transactions of the Endowment for each fiscal year 
shall be audited by the [United States Information Agency] 
Department of State under the conditions set forth in 
subsection (f)(1) of this section.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 4415. Freedom of Information

          * * * * * * *
    (b) Publication in Federal Register.--For purposes of 
complying pursuant to subsection (a) of this section with 
section 552(a)(1) of Title 5, the Endowment shall make 
available to the [Director] Secretary of [the United States 
Information Agency] State such records and other information as 
the [Director] Secretary determines may be necessary for such 
purposes. The [Director] Secretary shall cause such records and 
other information to be published in the Federal Register.
    (c) Review by [United States Information Agency] Department 
of State._
          (1) In the event that the Endowment determines not to 
        comply with a request for records under section 552 of 
        Title 5, the Endowment shall submit a report to the 
        [Director] Secretary of the United States Information 
        Agency] State explaining the reasons for not complying 
        with such request.
          (2) If the [Director] Secretary approves the 
        determination not to comply with such request, the 
        [United States Information Agency] Department of State 
        shall assume full responsibility, including financial 
        responsibility, for defending the Endowment in any 
        litigation relating to such request.
          (3) If the [Director] Secretary disapproves the 
        determination not to comply with such request, the 
        Endowment shall comply with such request.
          * * * * * * *
Sec. 4704.* * *

    (11) The [United States Information Agency] Department of 
State shall recommend to each student, who receives a 
scholarship under this chapter for study at a college or 
university, that the student enroll in a course on the classics 
of American political thought or which otherwise emphasizes the 
ideas, principles, and documents upon which the United States 
was founded.
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 5731. Reporting requirement

    Not later than March 31, 1993, [March 31, 1995,] March 31, 
1996, March 31, 1997, March 31, 1998, March 31, 1999, [and 
March 31, 2000,] March 31, 2000, and every year thereafter, the 
Secretary of State shall transmit to the Speaker of the House 
of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate a report on conditions in Hong Kong of 
interest to the United States. This report shall cover (in the 
case of the initial report) the period since October 5, 1992, 
or (in the case of subsequent reports) the period since the 
most recent report pursuant to this section and shall 
describe--
          * * * * * * *

Sec. 6101. Establishment of fellowship program

    [(a) Establishment.--
          [(1) There is hereby established the ``Mike Mansfield 
        Fellowship Program'' pursuant to which the Director of 
        the United States Information Agency will make grants, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations, to the 
        Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs to award 
        fellowships to eligible United States citizens for 
        periods of 2 years each (or, pursuant to section 
        6102(5)(C) of this title, for such shorter period of 
        time as the Center may determine based on a Fellow's 
        level of proficiency in the Japanese language or 
        knowledge of the political economy of Japan) as 
        follows:
          [(A) During the first year each fellowship recipient 
        will study the Japanese language as well as Japan's 
        political economy.
          [(B) During the second year each fellowship recipient 
        will serve as a fellow in a parliamentary office, 
        ministry, or other agency of the Government of Japan 
        or, subject to the approval of the Center, a 
        nongovernmental Japanese institution associated with 
        the interests of the fellowship recipient, and the 
        agency of the United States Government from which the 
        fellow originated, consistent with the purposes of this 
        chapter.
          [(2) Fellowships under this chapter may be known as 
        ``Mansfield Fellowships'', and individuals awarded such 
        fellowships may be known as ``Mansfield Fellows''.]

                      TITLE 31--UNITED STATES CODE

          * * * * * * *

Sec. 901. Establishment of agency Chief Financial Officers

    (a) There shall be within each agency described in 
subsection (b) an agency Chief Financial Officer. Each agency 
Chief Financial Officer shall--
          * * * * * * *
    (b)(1) The agencies referred to in subsection (a)(1) are 
the following:
          * * * * * * *
    (2) The agencies referred to in subsection (a)(2) are the 
following:
          [(A) The Agency for International Development.]
          [(B)] (A) The Federal Emergency Management Agency.
          [(C)] (B) The General Services Administration.
          [(D)] (C) The National Science Foundation.
          [(E)] (D) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
          [(F)] (E) The Office of Personnel Management.
          [(G)] (F) The Small Business Administration.
          [(H)] (G) The Social Security Administration.

                      TITLE 35--UNITED STATES CODE

          * * * * * * *
Sec. 115. Oath of applicant

    The applicant shall make oath that he believes himself to 
be the original and first inventor of the process, machine, 
manufacture, or composition of matter, or improvement thereof, 
for which he solicits a patent; and shall state of what country 
he is a citizen. Such oath may be made before any person within 
the United States authorized by law to administer oaths, or, 
when made in a foreign country, before any diplomatic or 
consular officer of the United States authorized to administer 
oaths, or before any officer having an official seal and 
authorized to administer oaths in the foreign country in which 
the applicant may be, whose authority is proved by certificate 
of a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, or 
apostille of an official designated by a foreign country which, 
by treaty or convention, accords like effect to apostilles of 
designated officials in the United States, and such oath shall 
be valid if it complies with the laws of the state or country 
where made. When the application is made as provided in this 
title by a person other than the inventor, the oath may be so 
varied in form that it can be made by him. For purposes of this 
section, a consular officer shall include any United States 
citizen employee of the Department of State designated to 
perform notarial functions pursuant to section 24 of the Act of 
August 18, 1856 (Rev. Stat. 1750; 22 U.S.C. 4221).

                      TITLE 50--UNITED STATES CODE

          * * * * * * *

Sec. 1903. National Security Education Board

    (a) Establishment.--
          The Secretary of Defense shall establish a National 
        Security Education Board.
    (b) Composition.--
          The Board shall be composed of the following 
        individuals or the representatives of such individuals:
                  (1) The Secretary of Defense, who shall serve 
                as the chairman of the Board.
                  (2) The Secretary of Education.
                  (3) The Secretary of State.
                  (4) The Secretary of Commerce.
                  (5) The Director of Central Intelligence.
                  [(6) The Director of the United States 
                Information Agency.]
                  [(7)] (6) The Chairperson of the National 
                Endowment for the Humanities.
          * * * * * * *
    (c) Term of appointees.--
          Each individual appointed to the Board pursuant to 
        [subsection (b)(7)] subsection (b)(6) of this section 
        shall be appointed for a period specified by the 
        President at the time of the appointment, but not to 
        exceed four years. Such individuals shall receive no 
        compensation for service on the Board but may receive 
        reimbursement for travel and other necessary expenses.

  JOINT RESOLUTION To authorize participation by the United States in 
  parliamentary conferences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

    [Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That not to 
exceed eighteen Members of Congress shall be appointed to meet 
jointly and annually and when Congress is not in session, with 
representative parliamentary groups from other NATO (North 
Atlantic Treaty Organization) members, for discussion of common 
problems in the interests of the maintenance of peace and 
security in the North Atlantic area. Of the Members of the 
Congress to be appointed for the purposes of this resolution 
(hereinafter designated as the ``United States Group''), half 
shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House from Members of 
the House, and half shall be appointed by the President of the 
Senate from Members of the Senate. Not more than five of the 
appointees from the respective Houses shall be of the same 
political party.
    [Sec. 2. An appropriation of $36,000 annually is 
authorized, $6,0000 of which shall be for the annual 
contribution of the United States toward the maintenance of the 
North Atlantic Treaty Parliamentary Conference and $30,000, 
$15,000 for the House delegation and $15,000 for the Senate 
delegation, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to assist 
in meeting the expenses of the United States Group of the North 
Atlantic Treaty Parliamentary Conference for each fiscal year 
for which an appropriation is made, such appropriation to be 
dispersed on voucher to be approved by the Chairman of the 
House delegation and the Chairman of the Senate delegation.
    [Sec. 3. The United States Group of the North Atlantic 
Treaty Parliamentary Conference shall submit to the Congress a 
report for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made, 
including its expenditures under such appropriation.
    [Sec. 4 The certificate of the Chairman of the House 
delegation and the Senate delegation of the North Atlantic 
Treaty Parliamentary Conference shall hereafter be final and 
conclusive upon the accounting officers in the auditing of the 
accounts of the United States Group of the North Atlantic 
Treaty Parliamentary Conference.
    [Approved July 11, 1956.]

 AN ACT To provide transportation on Canadian vessels between ports in 
  southeastern Alaska, and between Hyder, Alaska, and other points in 
 southeastern Alaska or the continental United States, either directly 
     or via a foreign port, or for any part of the transportation.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, until 
June 30, 1959, notwithstanding the provisions of law of the 
United States restricting to vessels of the United States the 
transportation of passengers and merchandise directly or 
indirectly from any port in the United States to another port 
of the United States, passengers may be transported on Canadian 
vessels between ports in southeastern Alaska, and passengers 
and merchandise may be transported on Canadian vessels between 
Hyder, Alaska, and other points in southeastern Alaska or the 
continental United States either directly or via a foreign 
port, or for any part of the transportation, unless the 
Secretary of Commerce determines that United States flag 
service is available to provide such transportation.
    Approved June 30, 1958.
          * * * * * * *

                missions to international organizations

    [For expenses necessary for permanent representation to 
certain international organizations in which the United States 
participates pursuant to treaties, conventions, or specific 
Acts of Congress, including expenses authorized by the 
pertinent Acts and conventions providing for such 
representation; attendance at meetings of societies or 
associations concerned with the work of the organizations; 
salaries, expenses, and allowances of personnel and dependents 
as authorized by the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended 
(22 U.S.C. 801-1158); hire of passenger motor vehicles; 
printing and binding, without regard to section 11 of the Act 
of March 1, 1919 (44 U.S.C. 111); and purchase of uniforms for 
guards and chauffeurs; $1,690,000: Provided, That, hereafter, 
Senate delegates to Conferences of the Interparliamentary Union 
shall be designated by the Presiding Officer of the Senate.]

                            PUBLIC LAW 95-86

          * * * * * * *
                    United States Information Agency

                         salaries and expenses

    For expenses necessary to enable the United States 
Information Agency, as authorized by Reorganization Plan No. 8 
of 1953, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act (22 
U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), and the United States Information and 
Educational Exchange Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), 
to carry out international information activities, including 
employment, without regard to the civil service and 
classification laws, of persons on a temporary basis (not to 
exceed $20,000), and aliens within the United States; salaries, 
expenses, and allowances of personnel and dependents as 
authorized by the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 
U.S.C. 801-1158); entertainment within the United States not to 
exceed $5,000; purchase for use abroad of (not to exceed sixty-
nine, of which forty-four are for replacement only), and hire 
of passenger motor vehicles; services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 
3109; advance of funds notwithstanding section 3648 of the 
Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 529); dues for library 
membership in organizations which issue publications to members 
only, or to members at a price lower than to others; expenses 
authorized by section 804(14) of the United States Information 
and Educational Exchange Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1474); 
radio activities and acquisition and production of motion 
pictures and visual materials and purchase or rental of 
technical equipment and facilities therefor, narration, 
scriptwriting, translation, and engineering services, by 
contract or otherwise; and purchase of objects for presentation 
to foreign governments, schools, or organizations; 
$262,000,000: Provided, That not exceed $290,000 may be used 
for representation abroad: Provided further, That passenger 
motor vehicles used abroad exclusively for the purposes of this 
appropriation may be replaced in accordance with section 201(c) 
of the Act of June 30, 1949 (40 U.S.C. 481(c)), and the cost, 
including the exchange allowance, of each such replacement, 
shall not exceed such amounts as may be otherwise provided by 
law (except that right-hand drive vehicles may be purchased 
without regard to any maximum price limitation otherwise 
established by law): Provided further, That, notwithstanding 
the provisions of section 3679 of the Revised Statutes, as 
amended (31 U.S.C. 665), [the United States Information Agency 
is authorized,] the Secretary of State may in making contracts 
for the use of international shortwave radio stations and 
facilities, to agree on behalf of the United States to 
indemnify the owners and operators of said radio stations and 
facilities from such funds as may be hereafter appropriated for 
the purpose against loss or damage on account of injury to 
persons or property arising from such use of said radio 
stations and facilities.

                    PUBLIC LAW 98-164-NOV. 22, 1983

    Sec. 503. (a) the [Director of the United States 
Information Agency] Secretary of State shall make an annual 
grant to the Endowment to enable the Endowment to carry out its 
purposes as specified in section 502(b). Such grants shall be 
made with funds specifically appropriated for grants to the 
Endowment or with funds appropriated to [the Agency] the 
Department of State for the ``Salaries and Expenses'' account. 
Such grants shall be made pursuant to a grant agreement between 
[the Director] Secretary of State and the Endowment which 
requires that grant funds will only be used for activities 
which the Board of Directors of the Endowment determines are 
consistent with the purposes described in section 502(b), that 
the Endowment will allocate funds in accordance with subsection 
(e) of this section, and that the Endowment will otherwise 
comply with the requirements of this title. The grant agreement 
may not require the Endowment to comply with requirements other 
than those specified in this title.
    (b) funds so granted may be used by the Endowment to carry 
out the purposes described in section 502(b), and otherwise 
applicable limitations on the purposes for which funds 
appropriated to the [Unites States Information Agency] 
Department of State may be used shall not apply to funds 
granted to the Endowment.