NEAL, RICHARD E. (a Representative from Massachusetts)

Articles and editorials

Bostonian Astronomer Who Dreamed of Pluto, Ted Widmer, Boston (MA) Globe, E1063• [14JY]

Bills and resolutions cosponsored

Air Forces Escape and Evasion Society: award Congressional Gold Medal (see H.R. 632), H2211 [14AP]

Alcoholic beverages: reform taxation (see H.R. 2903), H4769 [25JN]

Animals: establish a grant program to encourage use of assistance dogs by certain members of the Armed Forces and veterans (see H.R. 2493), H3558 [21MY]

——— outlaw the practice of animal crushing and production or distribution of any videos depicting such acts (see H.R. 2293), H7090 [21OC]

——— prohibit the sale or transport of equines or equine parts in interstate or foreign commerce for human consumption (see H.R. 1942), H7090 [21OC]

Arlington National Cemetery: provide site in Memorial Amphitheater for memorial marker to honor those awarded or eligible for Korean Defense Service Medal that are missing, unaccounted for, or who died (see H. Con. Res. 50), H4775 [25JN]

Armed Forces: prohibit discrimination on the basis of military service (see H.R. 501), H2035 [25MR]

Bearss, Edwin C.: award Congressional Gold Medal (see H.R. 2059), H2795 [1MY]

BLM: designate certain portions of the red rock canyons of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Deserts in Utah as wilderness (see H.R. 2430), H5404 [22JY]

Boys Town (organization): mint coins in commemoration of anniversary (see H.R. 893), H3564 [21MY]

Catholic Schools Week: recognize goals and honor contributions of Catholic schools (see H. Res. 35), H406 [14JA]

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: clarify waiver authority for Program for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) (see H.R. 3243), H5588 [28JY]

Civil rights: award a Congressional Gold Medal to participants in Bloody Sunday, Turnaround Tuesday, or the Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March, which served as a catalyst for the Voting Rights Act (see H.R. 431), H641 [27JA]

——— improve remedies for discrimination in the payment of wages based on sex (see H.R. 1619), H2032 [25MR]

——— issue postage stamp in commemoration of Selma to Montgomery, AL, voting rights marches (see H. Con. Res. 23), H1624 [6MR]

Colleges and universities: ensure appropriate spending of taxpayer funds on student aid, access to information to make informed choices about postsecondary education, and oppose Federal rating system (see H. Res. 26), H1663 [16MR]

Commission To Accelerate the End of Breast Cancer: establish (see H.R. 1197), H3391 [19MY]

Cosmetics: phase out cosmetic animal testing and the sale of cosmetics tested on animals (see H.R. 2858), H7028 [20OC]

Crime: denounce attacks on healthcare centers for women, providers of healthcare for women, and patients and affirm right of women to access reproductive services without fear of violence or intimidation (see H. Res. 558), H9079 [8DE]

——— protect pets of victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, and dating violence (see H.R. 1258), H7027 [20OC]

——— seal or expunge nonviolent criminal records, reform treatment of juveniles in the justice system, and lift ban on certain Federal benefits for low-level drug offenders (see H.R. 1672), H7333 [28OC]

Dept. of Commerce: enable concrete masonry products manufacturers and importers to carry out coordinated program of research, education, and promotion to improve, maintain, and develop markets (see H.R. 985), H4546 [19JN]

Dept. of Education: allow certain student loan borrowers to refinance current loans (see H.R. 1434), H1768 [18MR]

——— award grants to establish pediatric early literacy programs for health care providers and facilities (see H.R. 523), H705 [2FE]

——— award grants to State and local educational agencies for the establishment, improvement, and expansion of world language education programs (see H.R. 3096), H5777 [29JY]

——— make grants to States to hire additional school-based mental health and student service providers (see H.R. 2375), H3252 [15MY]

——— provide access to higher education through a Federal-State partnership to waive community college tuition and provide grants to minority-serving institutions to assist low-income students (see H.R. 2962), H10712 [18DE]

——— require State report cards to include information on academic progress of homeless children in foster care (see H.R. 3221), H5592 [28JY]

Dept. of HHS: establish a National Diabetes Clinical Care Commission (see H.R. 1192), H1524 [2MR]

——— establish an interagency coordinating committee on pulmonary hypertension (see H.R. 3520), H8242 [16NO]

——— prevent and treat prenatal opioid abuse and neonatal abstinence syndrome (see H.R. 1462), H4652 [24JN]

——— reauthorize and modernize the Community Services Block Grant Program (see H.R. 1655), H5469 [23JY]

Dept. of Homeland Security: accept additional documentation when considering the application for veterans status of an individual who performed service as a coastwise merchant seaman during World War II (see H.R. 1288), H5849 [8SE]

——— making appropriations (see H.R. 861), H1072 [13FE]

——— modify the visa waiver program (see H.R. 2686), H5404 [22JY]

Dept. of Justice: award grants to address prescription opioid abuse and heroin use (see H.R. 953), H6836 [6OC]

——— improve investigative and forensic resources for enforcement of laws relative to cybercrimes against persons (see H.R. 2602), H5469 [23JY]

Dept. of Labor: phase out issuance of special wage certificates to entities providing employment to disabled individuals at rates of pay below the Federal minimum wage (see H.R. 188), H984 [11FE]

Dept. of the Treasury: provide for the purchase of paper U.S. savings bonds with tax refunds (see H.R. 1652), H2107 [26MR]

Dept. of Veterans Affairs: clarify presumptions relating to exposure of certain veterans who served in the vicinity of Vietnam (see H.R. 969), H1067 [13FE]

——— conduct a study on the burial of unclaimed remains of veterans in national cemeteries (see H.R. 1338), H1623 [6MR]

——— establish a national center for diagnosis, treatment, and research of health conditions of descendants of veterans exposed to toxic substances during military service (see H.R. 1769), H4863 [7JY]

——— improve provision of adult day health care services for veterans (see H.R. 2460), H5849 [8SE]

——— provide unlimited eligibility for health care for mental illnesses for veterans of combat service during certain periods of hostilities and war (see H.R. 4080), H8410 [19NO]

Developing countries: authorize aid to reduce poverty and hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, promote agricultural-led economic growth, and build resilience among vulnerable populations (see H.R. 1567), H4862 [7JY]

Discrimination: prohibit on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity (see H.R. 3185), H5465 [23JY]

——— prohibit on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity (see H. Res. 208), H2308 [16AP]

Diseases: recognize importance of cancer program accreditation in ensuring comprehensive, high quality, patient-centered cancer care (see H. Res. 487), H7138 [22OC]

Elections: constitutional amendment on contributions and expenditures intended to affect elections (see H.J. Res. 22), H4958 [8JY]

EPA: regulate wastes associated with the exploration, development, or production of crude oil, natural gas, or geothermal energy (see H.R. 4215), H9269 [10DE]

Eximbank: reauthorize (see H.R. 1031), H1373 [26FE]

FERC: provide that any inaction that allows a rate change to go into effect shall be treated as an order by the Commission for purposes of rehearing and court review (see H.R. 2984), H4955 [8JY]

Firearms: ensure prohibited purchasers are included in National Instant Criminal Background Check System, require background checks for commercial sales, and establish a National Commission on Mass Violence (see H.R. 1217), H6937 [8OC]

——— regulate assault weapons and ensure that the right to keep and bear arms is not unlimited (see H.R. 4269), H9374 [16DE]

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: repeal certain counterterrorism and intelligence gathering tools (see H.R. 1466), H2212 [14AP]

Foreign trade: establish Trade Agreements Enforcement Trust Fund (see H.R. 1947), H2416 [22AP]

——— exclude from eligibility for the generalized system of preferences any country that fails to effectively enforce its environmental laws or meet its international environmental obligations (see H.R. 3627), H6306 [28SE]

Fraternal organizations: recognize benefits provided by tax-exempt fraternal benefit societies to their members and communities (see H. Con. Res. 19), H1663 [16MR]

Hesburgh, Theodore M.: tribute (see H. Con. Res. 24), H1614 [4MR]

Horne, Lena Calhoun: award Congressional Gold Medal posthumously (see H.R. 839), H2356 [21AP]

Horse Protection Act: designate additional unlawful acts, strengthen penalties for violations, and improve Dept. of Agriculture enforcement (see H.R. 3268), H6981 [16OC]

House Rules: require a reading of the names of Armed Forces members who died in the previous month as a result of combat operations (see H. Res. 24), H188 [9JA]

Human rights: express that those who commit or support targeted atrocities against Christians and other ethnic and religious minorities are committing ‘‘war crimes’’, ‘‘crimes against humanity’’, and ‘‘genocide’’ (see H. Con. Res. 75), H7091 [21OC]

Insurance: provide an exception from certain group health plan requirements to allow small businesses to use pre-tax dollars to assist employees in the purchase of policies in the individual market (see H.R. 2911), H5469 [23JY]

IRS: clarify that all Internal Revenue Code provisions shall apply to legally married same-sex couples in the same manner as other married couples (see H.R. 3105), H5290 [16JY]

Juneteenth Independence Day: observance (see H. Res. 309), H4242 [11JN]

Land and Water Conservation Fund: reauthorize (see H.R. 1814), H3565 [21MY]

Medicaid: anniversary (see H. Res. 400), H5769 [29JY]

Medicare: anniversary (see H. Res. 400), H5769 [29JY]

——— authorize a blanket significant hardship exception for meaningful electronic health records use due to delay in timely publication of certain meaningful use rules (see H.R. 3940), H8242 [16NO]

——— count a period of receipt of outpatient observation services in a hospital toward satisfying the 3-day inpatient hospital stay requirement for coverage of skilled nursing facility services (see H.R. 1571), H5469 [23JY]

——— distribute additional residency positions (see H.R. 2124), H9307 [11DE]

——— ensure continued access of beneficiaries to diagnostic imaging services (see H.R. 2043), H5943 [10SE]

——— improve integrity (see H.R. 1021), H1112 [24FE]

——— increase access to ambulance services and reform payments for such services (see H.R. 745), H812 [4FE]

——— modify payment for outpatient department procedures that utilize drugs as supplies (see H.R. 1178), H3310 [18MY]

——— provide coverage of an initial comprehensive care plan for beneficiaries newly diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (see H.R. 1559), H5592 [28JY]

——— provide coverage of certain lymphedema compression treatment items as items of durable medical equipment (see H.R. 1608), H3507 [20MY]

——— provide for bundled payments for certain episodes of care surrounding a hospitalization (see H.R. 2502), H3558 [21MY]

——— provide for the coordination of programs to prevent and treat obesity (see H.R. 2404), H4138 [10JN]

——— repeal outpatient rehabilitation therapy caps (see H.R. 775), H9206 [9DE]

Merit Systems Protection Board: extend right of appeal to certain Postal Service employees (see H.R. 1198), H1723 [17MR]

Minimum wage: increase, and index future increases to the median wage (see H.R. 2150), H2768 [30AP]

National Brain Aneurysm Awareness Month: designate (see H. Res. 259), H2877 [12MY]

National Day of Silence: support goals and ideals (see H. Con. Res. 38), H2307 [16AP]

National Emergency Medical Services Memorial Foundation: establish a memorial in the District of Columbia and its environs (see H.R. 2274), H3215 [14MY]

National Purple Heart Hall of Honor: mint coins in commemoration (see H.R. 358), H4773 [25JN]

New England Patriots (football team): tribute (see H. Res. 91), H855 [5FE]

New York, NY: reauthorize the World Trade Center Health Program and the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund (see H.R. 1786), H5849 [8SE]

NSF: support afterschool science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) programs (see H.R. 831), H5775 [29JY]

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative: authorize to take discretionary action if a foreign country is engaging in unreasonable acts, policies, or practices relating to the environment (see H.R. 1946), H2416 [22AP]

Pensions: ensure retirement investors receive advice in their best interests (see H.R. 4293, 4294), H10710 [18DE]

Pharmaceuticals: clarify the orphan drug exception to the annual fee on branded prescription pharmaceutical manufacturers and importers (see H.R. 3678), H6787 [1OC]

Pope Francis: congratulate on election and recognize inspirational statements and actions (see H. Res. 15), H1085 [20FE]

Postal Service: ensure continuation of 6-day mail delivery service (see H. Res. 12), H1902 [24MR]

——— ensure continuation of door delivery for all business and residential customers (see H. Res. 28), H2036 [25MR]

——— reinstate overnight delivery standards for market-dominant products (see H.R. 784), H1662 [16MR]

——— restore pre-existing service standards relative to overnight mail deliveries and elimination of delays (see H. Res. 54), H1663 [16MR]

Presidential Youth Council: establish (see H.J. Res. 47), H2464 [23AP]

Privacy: update privacy protections for electronic communications information that is stored by third-party service providers in order to protect consumer privacy while meeting law enforcement needs (see H.R. 699), H2211 [14AP]

Schools: address and take action to prevent bullying and harassment of students (see H.R. 2902), H8155 [5NO]

——— end discrimination based on actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity in public schools (see H.R. 846), H2212 [14AP]

Social Security: ensure contributions made by workers are available to pay all benefits which they have earned (see H.R. 3621), H6306 [28SE]

——— merge the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund (see H.R. 3150), H5401 [22JY]

——— protect system and improve benefits (see H.R. 1391), H1720 [17MR]

——— provide States with the option of providing services to children with medically complex conditions under Medicaid and State Children’s Health Insurance Program through a care coordination program (see H.R. 546), H7027 [20OC]

——— repeal the windfall elimination provision and protect the retirement of public servants (see H.R. 711), H810 [4FE]

——— revise medical criteria for evaluating disability in a person with Huntington’s disease and waive Medicare waiting period for individuals disabled by Huntington’s disease (see H.R. 842), H5332 [21JY]

Tariff: eliminate on technological goods providing educational value for children (see H.R. 1063), H1163 [25FE]

Taxation: clarify tax treatment of church pension plans (see H.R. 4085), H8410 [19NO]

——— clarify valuation rule applicable to early termination of certain charitable remainder unitrusts (see H.R. 4192), H9079 [8DE]

——— eliminate lower threshold for refundable portion of child tax credit and adjust credit for inflation (see H.R. 1286), H1611 [4MR]

——— encourage domestic insourcing and discourage foreign outsourcing (see H.R. 2963), H4954 [8JY]

——— exclude from income and employment taxes real property tax abatements for seniors and disabled individuals in exchange for services (see H.R. 2885), H4650 [24JN]

——— exempt certain stock of real estate investment trusts from the tax on foreign investment in U.S. real property interests (see H.R. 2128), H2767 [30AP]

——— exempt private foundations from the tax on excess business holdings in the case of certain philanthropic enterprises which are independently supervised (see H.R. 3732), H6973 [9OC]

——— expand availability of employee stock ownership plans in S corporations (see H.R. 2096), H2653 [29AP]

——— extend and modify the American Opportunity Tax Credit (see H.R. 1260), H1610 [4MR]

——— extend and modify the railroad track maintenance credit (see H.R. 721), H1806 [19MR]

——— extend exclusion from gross income of discharges of qualified principal residence indebtedness (see H.R. 1002), H1069 [13FE]

——— extend investment tax credits for residential and commercial energy efficient property and clean energy technologies (see H.R. 2412), H3386 [19MY]

——— extend look-through treatment of payments between related controlled foreign corporations (see H.R. 1430), H1768 [18MR]

——— extend special expensing rules for certain film and television productions and provide for special expensing for live theatrical productions (see H.R. 2405), H4432 [16JN]

——— improve the Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credit (see H.R. 3846), H7331 [28OC]

——— increase limitations for deductible new business expenditures and consolidate provisions for start-up and organizational expenditures (see H.R. 2524), H3559 [21MY]

——— make permanent and expand the temporary minimum credit rate for the low-income housing tax credit program (see H.R. 1142), H1370 [26FE]

——— make permanent the special rule for contributions of qualified conservation contributions (see H.R. 641), H702 [2FE]

——— modify and extend certain tax incentives relating to energy (see H.R. 4040), H8279 [17NO]

——— modify certain rules applicable to qualified small issue manufacturing bonds (see H.R. 2890), H4768 [25JN]

——— modify energy credit to provide greater incentives for combined heat and power (CHP) and waste heat to power (WHP) energy efficiency technologies (see H.R. 2657), H6138 [17SE]

——— modify exclusion for transportation benefits (see H.R. 990), H2500 [28AP]

——— modify substantiation rules for donation of vehicles of a certain value (see H.R. 3917), H7624 [3NO]

——— modify taxation of hard cider (see H.R. 600), H4544 [18JN]

——— permanently extend increased expensing limitations for depreciable business assets (see H.R. 636), H702 [2FE]

——— permanently extend the 15-year recovery period for qualified leasehold improvement property, restaurant property, and retail improvement property (see H.R. 765), H853 [5FE]

——— permanently extend the new markets tax credit (see H.R. 855), H917 [10FE]

——— permanently extend the subpart F exemption for active financing income (see H.R. 961), H1035 [12FE]

——— permanently modify limitations on deduction of interest by financial institutions which hold tax-exempt bonds (see H.R. 2229), H2792 [1MY]

——— provide an additional religious exemption from the individual health coverage mandate (see H.R. 631), H1662 [16MR] (see H.R. 2061), H3574 [22MY]

——— provide credits for the production of renewable chemicals and investments in renewable chemical production facilities (see H.R. 3390), H5767 [29JY]

——— provide exception from passive loss rules for investments in high technology research small business pass-thru entities (see H.R. 2179), H2769 [30AP]

——— provide for deductibility of charitable contributions to agricultural research organizations (see H.R. 2838), H4594 [23JN]

——— reduce excise tax rate on beer produced domestically by certain qualifying producers (see H.R. 232), H155 [8JA]

——— reduce the tax rate on domestic manufacturing income (see H.R. 2970), H4954 [8JY]

——— repeal phasedown of the credit percentage for the dependent care credit (see H.R. 2184), H2769 [30AP]

——— simplify and make permanent the research credit (see H.R. 880), H981 [11FE]

Tibet: promote access for U.S. officials, journalists, and citizens to Tibetan areas of China (see H.R. 1112), H3254 [15MY]

Travel and tourism: facilitate international travel to the U.S. by reforming visa procedures for certain foreign nationals (see H.R. 1401), H4345 [12JN]

Turkey: support an equitable and stable relationship with Armenia based on full acknowledgment of facts and consequences of the Armenian Genocide and fair and just resolution of this crime against humanity (see H. Res. 154), H2795 [1MY]

Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required To Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act: repeal (see H.R. 1466), H2212 [14AP]

Veterans: develop guidelines for use of unofficial sources of information to determine eligibility for benefits and decorations when service records are incomplete due to damage while in Dept. of Defense possession (see H.R. 3040), H5592 [28JY]

Veterans Day: encourage the nationwide observance of two minutes of silence (see H.R. 995), H1068 [13FE]

Voting: modernize voter registration, promote access to voting for disabled individuals, and protect the right to vote (see H.R. 12), H1800 [19MR]

——— require States to ensure individuals who provide identifying information to motor vehicle authorities are automatically registered to vote in Federal elections unless eligibility requirements are not met (see H.R. 2694), H4432 [16JN]

——— revise criteria for determining which States and political subdivisions are subject to certain protections against racial discrimination in voting (see H.R. 2867), H6076 [16SE]

Bills and resolutions introduced

Diseases: improve coverage of colorectal cancer screening tests under Medicare and private health insurance (see H.R. 2035), H2474 [27AP]

Drugs: provide certain protections from civil liability for individuals prescribing or administering opioid overdose drugs (see H.R. 1821), H2269 [15AP]

Taxation: expand personal and retirement savings by allowing employees not covered by qualified retirement plans to save for retirement through automatic individual retirement accounts (see H.R. 506), H531 [22JA]

——— make improvements in the earned income tax credit (see H.R. 902), H981 [11FE]

——— permanently extend the tax treatment for certain Build America Bonds (see H.R. 2676), H3914 [4JN]

Constitutional authority statements

Diseases: improve coverage of colorectal cancer screening tests under Medicare and private health insurance (H.R. 2035), H2475 [27AP]

Drugs: provide certain protections from civil liability for individuals prescribing or administering opioid overdose drugs (H.R. 1821), H2270 [15AP]

Taxation: expand personal and retirement savings by allowing employees not covered by qualified retirement plans to save for retirement through automatic individual retirement accounts (H.R. 506), H534 [22JA]

——— make improvements in the earned income tax credit (H.R. 902), H983 [11FE]

——— permanently extend the tax treatment for certain Build America Bonds (H.R. 2676), H3916 [4JN]

Motions

Taxation: make permanent the deduction of State and local general sales taxes (H.R. 622), H2288 [16AP]

——— permanently extend and expand deduction for charitable contributions of food inventory (H.R. 644), H1014 [12FE]

——— permanently extend increased expensing limitations for depreciable business assets (H.R. 636), H1048 [13FE]

——— simplify and make permanent the research credit (H.R. 880), H3418 [20MY]

Remarks

Appropriations: making consolidated appropriations, H9427 [17DE], E1831• [18DE]

Budget: revise defense and non-defense spending levels, provide offsets, and temporarily extend the public debt ceiling, H7306 [28OC]

Cook, Raymond E.: Congressional Gold Medal recipient, E188• [10FE]

Dante Club, Inc.: anniversary, E1731• [8DE]

Dept. of Labor: anniversary of Job Corps, E557• [22AP]

Depts. of Defense, Veterans Affairs, and related agencies: making appropriations for military construction and veterans’ services (H.R. 2029), Senate amendment, H9427 [17DE], E1831• [18DE]

Diseases: improve coverage of colorectal cancer screening tests under Medicare and private health insurance (H.R. 2035), E592• [28AP]

Drapeau, Norman: French Legion of Honor Medal of Chevalier recipient, E705• [14MY]

Drugs: provide certain protections from civil liability for individuals prescribing or administering opioid overdose drugs (H.R. 1821), E501• [15AP]

IRS: provide for a right to administrative appeal relative to adverse determinations of tax-exempt status of certain organizations (H.R. 1314), Senate amendment, H7306 [28OC]

Longmeadow, MA: anniversary of First Church of Christ in Longmeadow, E1467• [9OC]

Mount Holyoke College: NAFSA—The Association of International Educators Senator Paul Simon Award for Comprehensive Internationalization recipient, E1709• [3DE]

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: allow employers to exempt employees with health coverage under TRICARE or VA from employer health insurance mandate (H.R. 22), consideration of Senate amendments (H. Res. 512), H7647, H7648 [4NO]

Roads and highways: extend Federal-aid highway, highway safety, motor carrier safety, transit, and other Highway Trust Fund-funded programs, H7647, H7648 [4NO]

——— extend Federal-aid highway, highway safety, motor carrier safety, transit, and other Highway Trust Fund-funded programs (H.R. 3038), H5208 [15JY]

Strategic Petroleum Reserve: allow for sales of petroleum products to fund other priorities, H7648 [4NO]

Taxation: allow short-term extension of increased expensing limitations for depreciable business assets while comprehensive tax reform is under consideration and the extension does not result in increased deficit, H1049 [13FE]

——— clarify tax treatment of church pension plans, E1831• [18DE]

——— extend certain expiring provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, H9427 [17DE], E1831• [18DE]

——— extend the research credit without increasing the deficit or delaying further tax reform, H3418 [20MY]

——— make extension of deduction for charitable contributions of food inventory contingent upon no increase in budget deficit, no delay in comprehensive tax reform, and disallowing tax benefits for inverted corporations, H1015 [12FE]

——— make permanent the deduction of State and local general sales taxes (H.R. 622), motion to recommit, H2288 [16AP]

——— permanently extend and expand deduction for charitable contributions of food inventory (H.R. 644), motion to recommit, H1015 [12FE]

——— permanently extend increased expensing limitations for depreciable business assets (H.R. 636), H1045 [13FE]

——— permanently extend increased expensing limitations for depreciable business assets (H.R. 636), motion to recommit, H1049 [13FE]

——— simplify and make permanent the research credit (H.R. 880), motion to recommit, H3418 [20MY]

Tributes

Borucki, Edward F., E1503• [21OC]

Hegarty, John F., E1149• [28JY]

Lowell, Percival, E1063• [14JY]

Wells, David A., E509• [15AP]