KYL, JON (a Senator from Arizona)
Addresses
Defining a Conservative Approach To Defending the West: by, S10298
Amendments
Budget: reconciliation of the concurrent resolution (S. 947), S6171, S6258 [24JN]
———reconciliation of the concurrent resolution (S. 949), S6533, S6541 [26JN], S6678 [27JN]
———setting forth the Federal budget for 1998-2002 (S. Con. Res. 27), S4834, S4873, S4901, S4903, S4908 [21MY], S4992 [22MY]
Civil rights: establish a Federal cause of action for discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex in Federal actions (S. 952), S6195 [24JN]
Crime: improve investigation and prosecution of individuals involved in cloning cellular telephones (S. 493), S12479, S12486 [10NO]
Dept. of Defense: authorizing appropriations for military activities, prescribing personnel strengths, and military construction (S. 936), S6923, S6924 [7JY], S6987, S6988, S7013 [8JY], S7103 [9JY], S7185, S7186 [10JY], S7271, S7272, S7305, S7307 [11JY]
Dept. of the Interior and related agencies: making appropriations (H.R. 2107), S9563, S9600, S9661, S9688 [18SE]
Dept. of the Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and independent agencies: making appropriations (S. 1023), S7777 [21JY]
Depts. of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and related agencies: authorizing appropriations (S. 1022), S8071, S8085, S8102, S8104 [24JY], S8215, S8279 [29JY]
Depts. of Labor, HHS, and Education, and related agencies: making appropriations (S. 1061), S8646, S8670 [2SE]
Foreign operations, export financing, and related programs: making appropriations (S. 955), S7587, S7613 [16JY]
Immigration: reauthorize Visa Waiver Pilot Program (S. 1178), S10026, S10069 [26SE]
Appointments
Senate Arms Control Observer Group, S3386 [17AP]
Articles and editorials
Chemical Reactions, Wall Street Journal, S3711 [25AP]
Chemical Weapons Coverup, J. Michael Walker, Wall Street Journal, S3589 [24AP]
Dangerous Treaty, Wall Street Journal, S3589 [24AP]
Deceptive Budget Deal, Senator Gramm, Washington (DC) Post, S4689
Don't Rush the Chemical Weapons Treaty, Washington (DC) Times, S3588 [24AP]
Family Planning Showdown, Robert Novak, Washington (DC) Post, S1522 [25FE]
Freedom of Choice on Medical Care, San Francisco (CA) Chronicle, S12081 [8NO]
House Cut Would Kill Woodrow Wilson's Living Memorial, Stephen Barr, Washington (DC) Post, S9564 [18SE]
Illusory Game of Arms Control, Sven Kraemer, Washington (DC) Times, S5940
Kirkpatrick—The Threat Will Remain, Los Angeles (CA) Times, S3712 [25AP]
Lott's Mirrors, Wall Street Journal, S3711 [25AP]
On My Mind—Matter of Character, A.M. Rosenthal, New York (NY) Times, S3710 [25AP]
Toward Healthier Prison Budgets, New York (NY) Post, S2658 [20MR]
Bills and resolutions cosponsored
Abortion: prohibit partial-birth abortions (see S. 6), S158 [21JA]
Animals: prohibit import, export, sale, or possession of bear viscera (see S. 263), S1017 [5FE]
Bankruptcy: prohibit courts from reducing property tax liens earmarked for education and allow child support claimants to access exempt assets (see S. 1149), S8823 [4SE]
Budget: constitutional amendment to require balanced (see S.J. Res. 1), S163 [21JA]
———create a tax cut reserve fund to protect revenues generated by economic growth (see S. 800), S5108 [23MY]
China, Republic of: admission to multilateral economic institutions (see S. Con. Res. 30), S8670 [2SE]
Civil rights: establish a Federal cause of action for discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex in Federal actions (see S. 952), S6186 [24JN]
———prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex in Federal actions (see S. 950), S6097 [23JN]
Contracts: prohibit discrimination in awarding Federal contracts on the basis of labor policies (see S. 606), S3348 [17AP]
Copyrights: strengthen criminal copyright infringement laws (see S. 1044), S7768 [21JY]
Courts: limitations on punitive damage awards (see S. 79), S160 [21JA]
———product liability reform (see S. 5), S158 [21JA]
———treatment of penalties relative to powdered cocaine and crack cocaine (see S. 260), S945 [4FE]
———treatment of private property owners relative to Government seizure (see S. 1204), S9785 [23SE]
Crime: national policy to control crime and reform court procedures (see S. 3), S158 [21JA]
———national policy to control juvenile crime and violence (see S. 10), S158 [21JA]
———redefine extortion relative to labor union violence (see S. 230), S8669 [2SE]
Death and dying: prohibit Federal funding for assisted suicide, euthanasia, or mercy killing (see S. 304), S2025 [6MR]
Dept. of Commerce: abolish (see S. 1226, 1316), S10055 [26SE], S11192 [24OC]
Dept. of Energy: abolish (see S. 236), S855 [30JA]
Ecology and environment: cleanup and redevelopment of brownfield sites (see S. 8), S158 [21JA]
Education: provide for safe and affordable schools (see S. 1), S158 [21JA]
Employment: protect employer rights (see S. 328), S1382 [13FE]
———provide compensatory time opportunities, flexible workplaces, and clarify minimum wage and overtime requirements of private sector employees (see S. 4), S158 [21JA]
ERISA: improve and expand employee health care programs (see S. 729), S9019 [9SE]
Federal employees: use of certain trust funds to pay union activities of Social Security Administration and Dept. of HHS employees (see S. 139), S162 [21JA]
Firearms: minimum mandatory sentencing relative to criminal use of guns (see S. 191), S3851 [30AP]
Government: procure from the private sector the goods and services necessary to operate and manage certain agencies (see S. 314), S1300 [12FE]
———require Congress and the President to fulfill their constitutional duty to take personal responsibility for Federal laws (see S. 433), S2206 [12MR]
Government regulations: analyze impact and improve congressional deliberation of proposed Federal private sector mandates (see S. 389), S2931 [9AP]
Hazardous substances: nuclear waste disposal (see S. 104), S161 [21JA]
Housing: State authority to set rental occupancy standards (see S. 458), S2415 [18MR]
Hydroelectric power: State hydroelectric project management (see S. 439), S2274 [13MR]
Iran: impose sanctions on foreign persons who transfer items contributing to efforts to acquire, develop, or produce ballistic missiles (see S. 1311), S11239 [27OC]
Israel: anniversary of reunification of Jerusalem (see S. Con. Res. 21), S3269 [16AP]
Mining and mineral resources: provide for royalty payments and specify reclamation requirements for mining activities on Federal lands (see S. 1102), S11692 [4NO]
Mother Teresa: tribute (see S. Res. 120), S9018 [9SE]
Motor vehicles: average fuel economy standards for automobiles (see S. 286), S1102 [6FE]
National security: national missile defense system (see S. 7), S158 [21JA]
Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact: repeal (see S. 322), S1382 [13FE]
Political campaigns: prohibit use of labor organization dues and fees for political activities (see S. 9), S158 [21JA]
Presidential appointments: appointment of certain officers to fill vacant positions in executive departments (see S. Res. 128), S10055 [26SE]
Public debt: provide that individuals entitled to payments from the Government may designate those payments for deficit reduction (see S. 580), S3199 [15AP]
Social Security: prevent distribution of benefits to prisoners (see S. 438), S3371 [17AP]
Taxation: allow married couples to file combined return under which each spouse is taxed using rates applicable to single filers (see S. 1285, 1314), S10787 [9OC], S11550 [31OC]
———constitutional amendment to prohibit retroactive taxation (see S.J. Res. 17), S1659 [26FE]
———deductibility of health insurance costs for self-employed individuals and the business use of the home, and clarification of contractor/employee status (see S. 460), S3294 [16AP]
———modify the application of pension nondiscrimination rules to governmental plans (see S. 622), S3419 [22AP]
———prohibit retroactive taxation (see S. 366), S1659 [26FE]
———provide credits for families (see S. 2, 98), S158, S161 [21JA]
———treatment of certain agricultural installment sales as alternative minimum tax preference items (see S. 181), S818 [29JA]
———treatment of education individual retirement accounts relative to elementary and secondary school expenses (see S. 1133), S8733 [3SE]
———treatment of employer-provided educational assistance (see S. 127), S161 [21JA]
———treatment of gifts of publicly-traded stock to certain private foundations (see S. 194), S633 [22JA]
———treatment of individual retirement accounts (see S. 197), S634 [22JA]
———treatment of medical savings accounts (see S. 572), S4247 [8MY]
Transportation: transfer taxing and spending authority over highway programs and mass transit programs to States (see S. 667), S3843 [30AP]
Volunteer workers: grant immunity from personal civil liability during work on behalf of governmental entities or nonprofit organizations (see S. 543, 544), S3456 [22AP]
Women: comprehensive pension protection (see S. 620), S3349 [17AP]
Wright, Orville and Wilbur: mint coins in commemoration of centennial anniversary of first manned flight (see S. 732), S5138 [23MY]
Bills and resolutions introduced
Budget: constitutional amendment to provide that expenditures do not exceed revenues or a certain percentage of the gross domestic product (see S.J. Res. 8), S163 [21JA]
Computers: prohibit gambling on the Internet (see S. 474), S2552 [19MR]
Congress: constitutional amendment to require a two-thirds majority on the passage of legislation increasing revenue (see S.J. Res. 9), S163 [21JA]
Correctional institutions: combat the overutilization of prison health care services and control prisoner health care costs (see S. 494), S2646 [20MR]
Crime: constitutional amendment on protection of victims' rights (see S.J. Res. 6), S163 [21JA]
———enhance punishment for telemarketing fraud (see S. 489), S2646 [20MR]
———identity fraud (see S. 512), S2741 [21MR]
———improve investigation and prosecution of individuals involved in cloning cellular telephones (see S. 493), S2646 [20MR]
———national policy to control crime and reform court procedures (see S. 488), S2646 [20MR]
———provide penalties for the acquisition or use of chemical or biological weapons and reduce acts of terrorism using such weapons (see S. 495), S2646 [20MR]
Dept. of Defense: authorizing appropriations for ballistic missile defense systems (see S. 1387), S11863 [6NO]
Health: prohibit restriction of certain medical communications between health care providers and their patients (see S. 449), S2356 [17MR]
Medicare: allow beneficiaries to enter into private contracts for services (see S. 1194), S9636 [18SE]
Russia: proliferation of nuclear missile technology to Iran (see S. Con. Res. 48), S8533 [31JY]
Taxation: allow one-time election of interest rate to be used for calculating pension cash-outs (see S. 69), S160 [21JA]
———capital gains rates (see S. 72), S160 [21JA]
———repeal alternative minimum tax (see S. 73), S160 [21JA]
———repeal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer taxes (see S. 75), S160 [21JA]
———treatment of certain depreciable asset expenses by small businesses (see S. 76), S160 [21JA]
———treatment of small businesses (see S. 74), S160 [21JA]
———treatment of Social Security benefits (see S. 859), S5413 [9JN]
Voter Turnout Enhancement Study Commission: establish (see S. 68), S160 [21JA]
Cloture motions
Dept. of Defense: authorizing appropriations for military activities, prescribing personnel strengths, and military construction (S. 936), S6786 [27JN], S6974, S6989 [8JY]
Employment: provide compensatory time opportunities, flexible workplaces, and clarify minimum wage and overtime requirements of private sector employees (S. 4), S5174 [2JN], S5290 [4JN]
FDA: modernize (S. 830), S8721 [3SE], S8821 [4SE], S8839 [5SE], S9146 [11SE], S9375 [16SE], S9632 [18SE]
Foreign trade: establish negotiating objectives and fast-track procedures for future trade agreements (S. 1269), S11512 [31OC], S11632 [4NO]
Hazardous substances: nuclear waste disposal (S. 104), S2629 [20MR], S2786 [7AP]
Political campaigns: ethics reform and contribution limits (S. 25), S10466 [7OC], S10731 [9OC]
Transportation: funding for Federal-aid highways, highway safety programs, and transit programs (S. 1173), S10947 [22OC], S11173 [24OC]
Eulogies
Wohlstetter, Albert: by Richard Perle, S1113
Letters
Appointment of independent counsel to investigate fundraising practices in Presidential election campaign: by, S8704 [3SE]
Chemical Weapons Convention ratification relative to stemming the proliferation of chemical weapons: Dick Cheney, S3628 [24AP]
Combat the overutilization of prison health care services and control prisoner health care costs: G.C. (Buck) Buchanan, Yavapai County, AZ, Sheriff's Office, S2658 [20MR]
———Terry L. Stewart, Arizona Dept. of Corrections, S2657 [20MR]
Increase Pell Grant awards: Senators Jeffords and Kennedy, S9066 [10SE]
Medicare Beneficiary Freedom To Contract Act: Henry E. Simmons, National Coalition on Health Care, S12081 [8NO]
———Herbert S. Gross, S12081 [8NO]
———Robert L. Soley, S12081 [8NO]
Motions
Budget: constitutional amendment to require balanced (S.J. Res. 1), S1708 [27FE]
———reconciliation of the concurrent resolution (S. 947), S6298 [25JN]
Political campaigns: ethics reform and contribution limits (S. 25), S10317 [3OC]
Remarks
Abortion: prohibit partial-birth abortions (H.R. 1122), S4445 [14MY]
Agriculture, rural development, FDA, and related agencies programs: making appropriations (S. 1033), S7943 [23JY]
Appropriations: establish automatic system for continuing appropriations, S5318 [5JN]
———making emergency supplemental for disaster relief and overseas peacekeeping operations (H.R. 1469), conference report, S5318 [5JN]
———making emergency supplemental for disaster relief and overseas peacekeeping operations (S. 672), S4184 [8MY]
BIA: funding to combat gang violence through rescissions in Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars funding, S9563, S9564, S9568, S9570, S9571 [18SE]
Budget: allocation of funds, S4688
———allow use of accumulated surplus under balanced budget constitutional amendment, S1705, S1706, S1707, S1708 [27FE]
———balance, S3161 [15AP]
———constitutional amendment to provide that expenditures do not exceed revenues nor gross domestic product (S.J. Res. 8), S562 [21JA]
———constitutional amendment to require balanced (S.J. Res. 1), S1254 [12FE], S1342 [13FE], S1649 [26FE], S1705, S1706, S1707, S1708, S1709 [27FE], S1904 [4MR]
———reconciliation of the concurrent resolution (H.R. 2014), conference report, S8397 [31JY]
———reconciliation of the concurrent resolution (H.R. 2015), conference report, S8397 [31JY]
———reconciliation of the concurrent resolution (S. 947), S6053 [23JN], S6298 [25JN]
———reconciliation of the concurrent resolution (S. 949), S6456 [26JN], S6704 [27JN]
———setting forth the Federal budget for 1998-2002 (H. Con. Res. 84), S5271
———setting forth the Federal budget for 1998-2002 (S. Con. Res. 27), S5050 [23MY]
Chemical Weapons Convention: impact on domestic chemical industry, S3590 [24AP]
———implementation, S5940
———ratification, S3312, S3313 [17AP]
———ratification relative to effective verification of significant violations, S3498 [23AP]
———ratification relative to ratification by countries with offensive chemical weapons programs, S3498 [23AP], S3588, S3590, S3591, S3594 [24AP]
———ratification relative to Russian compliance with chemical weapons destruction agreements, S3497 [23AP], S3606 [24AP]
———ratification relative to stemming the proliferation of chemical weapons, S3498 [23AP], S3627, S3628, S3635 [24AP]
———ratification relative to the exclusion of inspectors who are representatives of terrorist States, S3498 [23AP], S3622, S3623 [24AP]
———ratification (S. Res. 75), S3492, S3497, S3500, S3545 [23AP], S3588, S3590, S3591, S3594, S3606, S3622, S3623, S3627, S3628, S3635, S3651 [24AP], S3710 [25AP], S3919-S3926 [1MY]
China, People's Republic of: exportation of C-802 antishipping cruise missiles to Iran, S5944
Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals: establish, S8055, S8056 [24JY]
Computers: prohibit gambling on the Internet (S. 474), S2560 [19MR]
Congress: authority to enforce the provisions of a balanced budget constitutional amendment, S1709 [27FE]
———constitutional amendment to require a two-thirds majority on the passage of legislation increasing revenue (S.J. Res. 9), S562 [21JA]
Copyrights: strengthen criminal copyright infringement laws (H.R. 2265), S12691 [13NO]
Correctional institutions: combat the overutilization of prison health care services and control prisoner health care costs (S. 494), S2656 [20MR]
Courts: divide the ninth judicial circuit into two circuits, S8055, S8056 [24JY]
———reversal rate of the ninth judicial circuit, S2217
Crime: constitutional amendment on protection of victims' rights (S.J. Res. 6), S560 [21JA]
———consumer fraud (H.R. 1847), S12480
———enhance punishment for telemarketing fraud (S. 489), S2862
———identity fraud (S. 512), S2741 [21MR]
———improve investigation and prosecution of individuals involved in cloning cellular telephones (S. 493), S2655 [20MR], S12486 [10NO]
———national policy to control crime and reform court procedures (S. 488), S2651 [20MR]
———provide penalties for the acquisition or use of chemical or biological weapons and reduce acts of terrorism using such weapons (S. 495), S2658 [20MR], S3312, S3313, S3315, S3321, S3323, S3326, S3327, S3334, S3336, S3342, S3343 [17AP]
Dept. of Agriculture: Karnal bunt quarantine, S7943 [23JY]
Dept. of Defense: authorizing appropriations for ballistic missile defense systems (S. 1387), S11872 [6NO]
———authorizing appropriations for military activities, prescribing personnel strengths, and military construction (S. 936), S6987, S6989 [8JY], S7250 [11JY]
———authorizing appropriations for military activities, prescribing personnel strengths, and military construction (S. 936), unanimous-consent agreement, S7184 [10JY]
———Cooperative Threat Reduction Program funding, S6987 [8JY], S7250 [11JY]
Dept. of Energy: policies relative to nuclear weapons testing, stockpiles, and national security issues, S2201 [12MR]
Dept. of State and related agencies: authorizing appropriations and consolidating certain agencies (H.R. 1757), S5944 [18JN]
Dept. of the Interior and related agencies: making appropriations (H.R. 2107), S9563, S9564, S9568, S9570, S9571, S9619 [18SE]
Depts. of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and related agencies: authorizing appropriations (S. 1022), S8055, S8056 [24JY], S8157
Depts. of Labor, HHS, and Education, and related agencies: making appropriations (S. 1061), S8646, S8648 [2SE], S8685, S8687, S8688, S8689 [3SE], S8809, S8810 [4SE], S9065, S9066 [10SE], S9106 [11SE]
Depts. of Veterans Affairs and HUD, and sundry independent agencies: making appropriations (H.R. 2158), S7970
Disasters: assure full funding of assistance without adding to the public debt, S4184 [8MY]
District of Columbia: making appropriations (S. 1156), S10203 [30SE]
Education: children's literacy programs funding, S9065, S9066 [10SE]
———direct funding to local educational agencies, S9106 [11SE]
———increase Pell Grant awards, S8646-S8648 [2SE], S8685, S8687, S8688, S8689 [3SE], S9065, S9066 [10SE]
Employment: provide compensatory time opportunities, flexible workplaces, and clarify minimum wage and overtime requirements of private sector employees (S. 4), S653
Energy and water development: making appropriations (S. 1004), S7479 [15JY]
Foreign aid: international family planning programs (H.J. Res. 36), S1521, S1522 [25FE]
Garland, Merrick B.: nomination to be circuit judge, S2522 [19MR]
Health: prohibit restriction of certain medical communications between health care providers and their patients (S. 449), S2357 [17MR]
Housing: State authority to set rental occupancy standards, S10048 [26SE]
———State authority to set rental occupancy standards (S. 458), S2427 [18MR]
Immigration: obtain suspension of deportation of aliens under rules in place at the time of application for residency, S10203 [30SE]
———waiver of vaccination requirements for children, S8157
Intelligence services: authorizing appropriations (S. 858), S5900 [18JN], S5972 [19JN]
———require separate, unclassified statements of the aggregate amount of budget outlays for intelligence activities, S5972 [19JN]
International Brotherhood of Teamsters: limit Federal funding for rerun of leadership election, S8809, S8810 [4SE]
IRS: improve operations and governance, S10312 [3OC]
Israel: anniversary of reunification of Jerusalem (S. Con. Res. 21), S5500 [11JN]
Kirchner, Kristine: privilege of the floor, S7889 [23JY]
LIHEAP: funding, S8646-S8648 [2SE], S8685, S8687, S8688, S8689 [3SE]
Medicare: allow beneficiaries to enter into private contracts for services, S6298, S6383
———allow beneficiaries to enter into private contracts for services (S. 1194), S11403 [30OC], S12080 [8NO]
———reform, S3708 [25AP]
Mexico: disapprove foreign aid certification of drug enforcement efforts (H.J. Res. 58), S2595 [20MR]
National parks and recreation areas: improve quality of visitor services relative to incentive-based recreation fees, S9619 [18SE]
Nuclear energy: research funding, S7479 [15JY]
Nuclear weapons: ensure that the President and Congress receive unencumbered advice relative to the safety, security, and reliability of stockpile, S6989 [8JY]
Pena, Federico: nomination to be Sec. of Energy, S2201 [12MR]
Political campaigns: appointment of independent counsel to investigate fundraising practices in election campaigns, S7889, S7890, S7891, S7892 [23JY]
———ethics reform and contribution limits (S. 25), S10726 [9OC]
———prohibit use of labor organization dues and fees for political activities, S10726 [9OC]
———restrictions on issue advocacy by interest groups, S10726 [9OC]
Presidential appointments: Senate process for confirmation of judicial nominees, S2522 [19MR]
Public housing: reform and consolidate Federal programs and redirect primary responsibility to States and localities (S. 462), S10048 [26SE]
Rood, John: privilege of the floor, S3468 [23AP]
Russia: proliferation of nuclear missile technology to Iran (S. Con. Res. 48), S8609 [31JY], S11664, S11665 [4NO]
Senate: legislative program, S3467, S3566 [23AP], S8682 [3SE], S10911 [22OC]
Social Security: budget treatment of trust funds, S3708 [25AP]
———treatment under balanced budget constitutional amendment, S1649 [26FE]
Stephens, David: privilege of the floor, S3468 [23AP]
Taxation: allow one-time election of interest rate to be used for calculating pension cash-outs (S. 69), S448 [21JA]
———capital gains rates, S6053 [23JN]
———capital gains rates (S. 72), S450-S453 [21JA]
———rates, S2806 [8AP], S3161 [15AP], S5901 [18JN], S6053 [23JN], S8397 [31JY]
———reform laws and filing procedures, S3161 [15AP]
———repeal alternative minimum tax (S. 73), S450-S453 [21JA]
———repeal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer taxes (S. 75), S450-S453 [21JA], S698 [28JA]
———repeal percentage depletion allowance for certain hardrock mines, S6456 [26JN]
———require a two-thirds majority on the passage of legislation increasing taxes, S2806 [8AP], S3161 [15AP]
———treatment of certain depreciable asset expenses by small businesses (S. 76), S450-S453 [21JA]
———treatment of small businesses (S. 74), S450-S453 [21JA]
———treatment of Social Security benefits (S. 859), S5423 [9JN]
Treaties and agreements: conditions for the U.S. becoming a signatory to any international agreement on greenhouse gas emissions (S. Res. 98), S8126 [25JY]
Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe: multilateralization of the Antiballistic Missile Treaty relative to former Soviet Republics, S4467 [14MY]
———ratification of Flank Document Agreement, S4467 [14MY]
Voter Turnout Enhancement Study Commission: establish (S. 68), S447 [21JA]
Tables
State-by-State students who lost Pell Grant award eligibility, S8647 [2SE]
Texts of
S. 68, Voter Turnout Enhancement Study Commission, S447 [21JA]
S. 69, allow one-time election of interest rate to be used for calculating pension cash-outs, S448 [21JA]
S.J. Res. 6, constitutional amendment on protection of victims' rights, S561 [21JA]
S.J. Res. 8, constitutional amendment to provide that expenditures do not exceed revenues nor gross domestic product, S562 [21JA]
S.J. Res. 9, constitutional amendment to require a two-thirds majority of Congress on the passage of legislation increasing revenue, S563 [21JA]
Tributes
Thurmond, Senator, S5211 [3JN]
Wohlstetter, Albert, S1112