ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Analyses

Aquatic Plant Management Project (H.R. 1513), 5286 [10MR]

EPA Ground Water Research Program (H.R. 2253), 10842 [30AP]

National Ground Water Contamination Research Act (S. 513), 3115 [5FE]

Waste Reduction Clearinghouse (H.R. 2599), 14759 [4JN]

Articles and editorials

Acid Rain Seen as Posing Risks for U.S. Health—Doctors Tell Panel That Nation Must Act Now, 2821 [4FE]

Acid Rain Damage to Lakes Minimal, EPA Advisers Find, 8391 [8AP]

Act Now To Plug the Ozone Layer, 9023 [10AP]

Chlorofluorocarbons, 14118 [29MY]

Concentrating on Smog, 33549 [1DE]

EPA Denies Use of Fines for Douglas, 1645 [21JA]

EPA Report Ignores ``Happiness'', 1644 [21JA]

Florio, Other Leaders Sound Off About Airport Noise in North Jersey, 20290 [20JY]

Houston Learns There's More Than Growth to Growing Up, 2822 [4FE]

Jobs and Illness in Petrochemical Corridor, 38289-38291 [22DE]

Let EPA Control Superfund, 2015 [27JA]

Most-Used Asbestos Testing Procedure Shown To Be Inadequate, 11285 [5MY]

Ozone Depletion, 34324 [8DE]

Pesticides in 15 Common Foods May Cause 20,000 Cancers a Year, 14299 [2JN]

Realistic Deadline For Clean Air, List of Overdue Actions Can Get Job Done Here in 10 Years, 33548 [1DE]

R&D Eroding at EPA, 14732 [4JN]

Scaring the Public, 22989 [6AU]

``Superweed''—Digging in for a Battle, 14300 [2JN]

Use for PD's $400,000 Fine, 1644 [21JA]

``Voodoo Science'' Is Acid Rain's Friend, 27707 [13OC]

Bills and resolutions

Air pollution: regulation of certain hazardous air pollutants (see S. 1446)

———regulatory authority (see S. 235)

———standards (see S. 787)

———use of oxygenated fuels such as ethanol and methanol in control programs (see S. Res. 219; H. Res. 254)

Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act: EPA grants (see H.J. Res. 153)

Budget: authority (see H.R. 887, 888)

Clean Air Act: amend to provide that EPA shall have authority to regulate air pollution over Outer Continental Shelf (see H.R. 1764)

Clean Water Act: clarify enforcement authority of Administrator (see H.R. 3411)

Ecology: appropriations for environmental research, development, and demonstration programs (see H.R. 1523)

———impact of disposal of certain plastics (see H.R. 2527)

———implementation of programs established to comply with the Endangered Species Act (see S. 1844)

Endangered Species Act: implementation of pesticide regulations (see H.R. 3477)

———implementation of programs established to comply with provisions (see H.R. 3489)

Ground water: establish program of environmental research, development, and demonstration relating to contamination and resources (see H.R. 2253)

———policy development (see S. 1992)

Hazardous substances: asbestos regulations (see H.R. 2693)

———data collection and dissemination relative to chemical emissions (see H.R. 2800)

———establish Waste Reduction Clearinghouse (see H.R. 2599)

———requirements for the handling of polychlorinated biphenyls (see H.R. 3070)

———standard for exposure to radon in indoor environments (see H.R. 3110)

———standards for identification and abatement of hazardous asbestos in certain buildings (see S. 1809)

———study management of infectious and pathologic waste (see H.R. 3467)

Hazardous Waste Reduction Act: enact (see S. 1429)

Health: promulgate regulations on management of infectious waste (see H.R. 3515)

Ocean Dumping Act: clarify enforcement authority of Administrator (see H.R. 3411)

Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act: enact (see S. 1788)

OTA: report on hazardous waste reduction and management (see H.R. 3300)

Pesticides: use by executive departments without duplicative research (see S. 398)

———use on public lands (see H.R. 2271)

Plastics: study of effects of dumping on land and in water (see S. 534, 559)

Preventive Environmental Protection and Waste Reduction Assistance Act: enact (see H.R. 3094)

Public buildings: reconstruction (see S. 1425)

Radioactive waste disposal: repository requirements (see H.R. 1324)

Radon Detection in School Buildings Act: enact (see S. 743)

Research: water resources-aquatic plant management project (see H.R. 1513)

Shore Protection Act: enact (see S. 1751)

State Radon Program Development Act: enact (see S. 744)

States: requirement of certain to attain and maintain a national ambient air quality standard (see S. Res. 332)

Stratosphere: protection of ozone layer from depletion (see H.R. 2036)

Synthetic fuel: air pollution control strategy in EPA non-attainment areas (see H. Res. 193)

Tributyltin-Based Antifouling Paint Control Act: enact (see S. 428)

Waste water treatment: authority over State's priority list of construction projects (see H.R. 553)

Water: fluoridation levels in drinking (see H.J. Res. 51)

Water pollution: alternative water supplies for contaminated groundwater (see H.R. 2657)

Communications from

Accounting: report, 1149 (EC229) [12JA]

Activities of Inspector General: report, 35072 (EC2558) [11DE]

Air quality: report, 9080 (EC1214) [21AP], 19898 (EC1770) [15JY]

Applications for conditional registration: report, 5919 (EC764) [17MR]

Class V injection wells: report, 26060 (EC2181) [1OC], 26567 (EC1965) [6OC]

Clean Air Act: amend and extend, 5140 (EC656) [10MR]

———report, 1470 (EC359) [20JA], 4777 (EC745) [4MR]

Competition in Contracting Act: report, 3459 (EC608) [18FE], 4258 (EC516) [26FE]

Cyanide: study, 25480 (EC2152) [29SE]

Deposit and retention of certain collected fees and charges: legislation to provide, 5140 (EC657) [10MR]

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins: report, 19677 (EC1750) [14JY]

Environmental research, development, and demonstrations: appropriations, 4778 (EC755) [4MR], 5140 (EC652) [10MR]

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act: amend and extend, 5139 (EC631) [10MR]

———report, 4777 (EC739) [4MR]

Federal records system: letter, 9644 (EC1242) [23AP]

Federal Water Pollution Control Act: amend, 1226 (EC273) [13JA], 1435 (EC380) [20JA]

Fees and charges collected: disposition, 4915 (EC787) [5MR]

Freedom of Information Act: report, 14776 (EC1530) [4JN], 15137 (EC1393) [10JN]

Hazardous Waste Sites on Indian Lands: report, 32037 (EC2154) [17NO], 33775 (EC2477) [2DE]

Impact on ground water of municipal wastewater treatment lagoons: report, 34783 (EC2542) [10DE]

Indoor air quality and radon gas research: report, 9770 (EC1083) [27AP], 19381 (EC1546) [10JY]

Inspector General: report, 101 (EC130) [6JA], 338 (EC146) [6JA], 15366 (EC1586) [10JN], 16142 (EC1420) [16JN], 36191 (EC2302) [18DE]

Interagency Task Force of the National Acid Precipitation Program: report, 5140 (EC651) [10MR]

Long Range Research Agenda: report, 102 (EC193) [6JA], 335 (EC12) [6JA]

Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act: amend and extend, 5140 (EC654) [10MR]

———report, 4778 (EC758) [4MR]

Municipal lagoon study: report, 36191 (EC2300) [18DE]

Municipal waste combustion: report, 18947 (EC1522) [8JY]

National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program: report, 18803 (EC1504) [7JY]

National Dioxin Study: report, 25747 (EC2167) [30SE], 26154 (EC1948) [1OC]

National water quality inventory: report, 31634 (EC2391) [10NO], 32037 (EC2152) [17NO]

1986 Assessment of Needed Publicly-Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the U.S.: report, 3224 (EC531) [9FE]

Pesticides: report, 5557 (EC852) [12MR]

Privacy Act: system of records, 12485 (EC1239) [14MY]

Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act: report, 31423 (EC2367) [9NO], 33483 (EC2198) [1DE]

Progress in the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in 1985: report, 1434 (EC334) [20JA]

Publicly owned wastewater facilities: report, 4258 (EC534) [26FE]

Records system: report, 101 (EC161) [6JA], 9770 (EC1103) [27AP], 11945 (EC1377) [11MY], 19677 (EC1753) [14JY], 20518 (EC1578) [21JY], 21631 (EC1889) [30JY]

Research outlook: transmittal, 16141 (EC1409) [16JN]

Review of Emergency Systems: report, 13825 (EC1481) [27MY]

Small quantity generators of hazardous waste: report, 337 (EC101) [6JA]

Solid Waste Disposal Act: extend, 5140 (EC655) [10MR]

———report, 4777 (EC744) [4MR]

Study of Joint Use of Vehicles for Transportation of Hazardous and Nonhazardous Materials: copy, 10103 (EC1147) [28AP]

———report, 10022 (EC1265) [27AP]

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act: implementation report, 1470 (EC358) [20JA]

Superfund emergency system: report, 14324 (EC1336) [2JN]

System of records: report, 22017 (EC1671) [3AU]

Toxic Substances Control Act: amend and extend, 5140 (EC653) [10MR]

———report, 4777 (EC743) [4MR], 11945 (EC1372) [11MY], 12484 (EC1236) [14MY]

Waste management: report, 99 (EC59) [6JA], 335 (EC13) [6JA]

Wrongful Use of Cyanide: report, 25022 (EC1898) [23SE]

Court decisions

Milwaukee v. Illinois: Supreme Court, 987 [8JA]

NRDC v. EPA, 986 [8JA]

Hearings

Committee on Agriculture: review EPA's pesticide regulation programs (testimony), D239 [7AP]

Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: groundwater contamination from agricultural application of pesticides (testimony), D293 [29AP]

Committee on Appropriations (House): budget (testimony from Lee M. Thomas), D131 [10MR], D139 [11MR]

Committee on Appropriations (Senate) budget (testimony), D197 [26MR], D204 [27MR]

Committee on Energy and Commerce: enforcement of Clean Air Act provisions (testimony), D286 [27AP]

———environmental contamination problems of the Dept. of Energy and other executive departments (testimony), D291 [28AP]

———harmful impact on school children from delays in the EPA Asbestos in Schools Program (testimony from John A. Moore), D71 [19FE]

———nationwide ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment problems (testimony from Lee M. Thomas), D71 [19FE]

———Toxic Substances Control Act amendments (H.R. 1697) (testimony), D279 [23AP]

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: current status of Dept. of Energy's radioactive waste activities, focusing on selection of geological repository sites (testimony from Grant Sawyer, Steve Frishman, Del T. White, Louie Dick, Jr., Curtis Eschels and Melvin Sampson), D50 [4FE]

———Endangered Species Act budget (S. 675) (testimony), D237 [7AP]

———implementation of the Superfund Program (testimony), D294 [29AP]

———programs contained in President's proposed budget (testimony from Lee M. Thomas and A.J. Barnes), D55 [5FE]

Committee on Government Operations: PCB disposal (testimony), D235 [6AP]

Committee on Science, Space, and Technology: research and development budget (testimony), D221 [1AP]

———stratospheric ozone depletion (testimony from Susan Solomon, Daniel Albritton, Robert T. Watson, John Hoffman and James Falco), D134 [10MR]

Interviews

Refuse and refuse disposal: Representative Florio, by Resource Recovery (publication), 26722 [6OC]

Letters

Adirondack Mountains devastation by acid rain: Erik Nilsen, 27708 [13OC]

Clean Air Act: Bob Bolen, 34009, 34020 [3DE]

———Brent Blackwelder, 34027 [3DE]

———Cathy Reynolds, 34029 [3DE]

———Edward Koch, 34027 [3DE]

———Elizabeth Raisbeck, 34029 [3DE]

———Fran Du Melle, 34028 [3DE]

———James K. Hambright, 34011 [3DE]

———Jay D. Hair, 34028 [3DE]

———Kathryn J. Whitmire, 34019, 34026 [3DE]

———Lawrence D. Downing, 34028 [3DE]

———Lee M. Thomas, 34009, 34017 [3DE]

———Ralph Tabor, 34029 [3DE]

———Representative Dingell, 34008 [3DE]

———Representative Murtha, 34008 [3DE]

———Richard E. Ayres, 34028 [3DE]

Clean Air Act amendments, 24139 [16SE]

Stratospheric ozone: Lee M. Thomas, 18015-18024, 18032, 18035, 18036 [29JN]

———Representative Dingell, 18027-18032 [29JN]

Superfund reauthorization: Lee M. Thomas, 19084 [8JY]

———Representative Dannemeyer, 19084 [8JY]

Memorials of legislature

California, 25417 [28SE]

Louisiana, 13737 [27MY], 20360 [21JY]

New Mexico, 9772 [27AP], 16191 [16JN]

Texas, 17568 [25JN]

Papers

Reduction of Radon Levels, 18920 [8JY]

Proposals

National Water Quality Assessment Program, Geological Survey, 3115-3121 [5FE]

Remarks in House

Acid Rain Research Program: funding, 14742-14749 [4JN]

Adirondack Mountains: acid rain devastation, 27707 [13OC]

Air pollution: control acid rain, 8006 [6AP]

———reduction through use of alcohol fuels, 33191 [20NO]

Airports: noise control, 20290 [20JY]

Aquatic plants: management project (H.R. 1513), 5286 [10MR]

Asbestos: cleanup in schools, 11285 [5MY]

———hazard regulations for schools, 11869 [8MY]

Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act: EPA grants (H.J. Res. 153), 3888 [19FE]

Chesapeake Bay Agreement: signing, 35653 [15DE]

Chlorofluorocarbons: international negotiations on protection of atmospheric ozone layer (H. Con. Res. 47), 3962 [24FE]

Clean Air Act: authority to regulate air pollution over Outer Continental Shelf (H.R. 1764), 6619 [24MR]

———competition in motor vehicle aftermarket (H.R. 1239), 4096 [25FE]

———interim extension, 34006-34030 [3DE]

East Olean, NY: Wellfield Superfund Project, 6242 [18MR]

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act: amend (H.R. 1771), 6233 [18MR]

———amend (H.R. 2463), 13035, 13036 [19MY]

Formaldehyde: health risk, 22989 [6AU]

Ground water: establish program of environmental research, development, and demonstration relative to contamination and resources (H.R. 2253), 10841 [30AP], 33288 [30NO]

Ground Water Protection Act: enact (H.R. 963), 2679 [4FE]

Hazardous substances: data collection and dissemination relative to chemical emissions (H.R. 2800), 17872, 17883, 17886 [26JN], 20120 [15JY], 35746 [15DE], 38289 [22DE]

———establish Waste Reduction Clearinghouse (H.R. 2599), 14759 [4JN]

———funding for asbestos abatement programs in schools (H.J. Res. 153), 3975-3978 [24FE]

———PCB-removal plant locations, 15497 [11JN]

———reauthorize Superfund, 36673 [19DE]

———requirements for the handling of polychlorinated biphenyls (H.R. 3070), 21805, 21806 [30JY]

———storage and inspection (H.R. 463), 966 [7JA]

———study management of infectious and pathologic waste (H.R. 3467), 27332 [9OC]

Health: promulgate regulations on management of infectious waste (H.R. 3515), 28533 [20OC]

———standard for exposure to radon in indoor environments (H.R. 3110), 22683 [5AU]

Illinois: remove radium from ground water, 34070 [3DE]

Office of Waste Reduction: establish, 14783 [4JN]

Ozone layer: international negotiations to reduce chlorofluorocarbons (H. Con. Res. 47), 4140 [26FE]

Pesticides: prevent duplication of research by executive departments (H.R. 2271), 11135 [5MY]

———use, 30250 [29OC]

Pollution: deadline for compliance, 33548 [1DE]

Radioactive pollution of the Atmosphere: radon gas contamination of housing, 6618 [24MR]

Refuse and refuse disposal: methods, 26722 [6OC]

Stormwater control program: regulations, 2512 [3FE]

Stratosphere: protect ozone layer from depletion (H.R. 2036), 9017, 9033, 9034 [10AP], 11010 [4MY]

Superfund: OMB management, 2015 [27JA]

Synthetic fuel: use as air pollution control strategy in EPA nonattainment areas (H. Res. 193), 15639 [11JN], 16777 [18JN]

Texas Eastern Pipeline: hazardous substance dumping at Bechtelsville, PA, 8303 [8AP]

Tributyltin-Based Antifouling Paint Control Act: enact (H.R. 1046), 3226 [9FE]

Water quality: preservation, 24895 [22SE]

Water Quality Act: pollution control in Great Lakes, 2508 [3FE]

———stormwater control program, 2512 [3FE]

———toxic substances, 2508 [3FE]

Remarks in Senate

Acid Deposition Control Act: enact (S. 321), 1387, 1398 [16JA]

Air pollution: regulation of certain hazardous air pollutants (S. 1446), 17856 [26JN]

———standards (S. 787), 6375 [19MR]

———use of ethanol, methanol, and other oxygenated fuels as accepted air pollution control strategy in areas designated by EPA (S. Res. 219), 13601 [21MY]

———use of ethanol and methanol in reducing (S. Con. Res. 36), 6299 [19MR]

Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act: loans to complete abatement work in schools (S.J. Res. 54), 4404 [26FE]

Budget deficit: impact on EPA programs, 14299 [2JN]

Clean Air Act: amend, 24138 [16SE]

———establish requirements for areas that have not attained health-protective air quality standards, set new deadlines, and delay sanctions (S. 1351), 15416 [11JN]

———regulate air pollution over Continental Shelf (S. 235), 683 [6JA]

Clean Water Act: amend (S. 1), 2153 [28JA]

Dept. of the Interior: policy on chlorofluorocarbons' destruction of the ozone layer, 14117 [29MY]

Ecology: environmental programs, 28068 [15OC]

———implementation of programs established to comply with the Endangered Species Act (S. 1844), 30769 [4NO]

———ozone depletion, 31543 [10NO], 34324 [8DE]

———water quality, 28071 [15OC]

Funding, 14312 [2JN]

Ground water: policy development (S. 1992), 37813 [21DE]

Ground Water Research Program: establish, 10361 [29AP]

Groundwater Protection Act: enact (S. 20), 1165 [12JA]

Hazardous substances: funding for asbestos abatement programs in schools (H.J. Res. 153), 4570-4572 [3MR]

———funding for asbestos abatement programs in schools (H.J. Res. 153), place on calendar, 4407 [26FE]

———improve transportation safety (S. 1269), 13605 [21MY]

———standards for identification and abatement of hazardous asbestos in certain buildings (S. 1809), 28977 [22OC]

Hazardous Waste Reduction Act: enact (S. 1429), 17576, 17579 [25JN]

Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act: enact, 36559-36564 [19DE]

Mississippi River: limitations on discharge of gypsum and stormwater, 1656 [21JA]

Montana: clean water study, 28064 [15OC]

National Ground Water Contamination Research Act: enact (S. 513), 3112 [5FE]

Nuclear Waste Policy Act: amend (S. 1668), 28622 [21OC]

Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act: enact (S. 1788), 28127-28130 [15OC], 35274 [11DE], 35812 [16DE]

Paints and varnishes: suspension of the use of marine paints containing tributyltin (S. 428), 2447-2449 [2FE]

Pesticides: use by executive departments without duplicating research (S. 398), 4372 [26FE]

Plastics: study effects of dumping on land and in water (S. 534), 3392 [17FE]

———study effects of dumping on land and in water (S. 559), 3757 [19FE]

Public buildings: reconstruction of (S. 1425), 17574 [25JN]

Radon Detection in School Buildings Act: enact (S. 743), 5625 [12MR]

Shore Protection Act: enact (S. 1751), 26335 [2OC]

Spokane, WA: protection of sole source aquifer, 28062 [15OC]

State Radon Program Development Act: enact (S. 744), 5626, 5629 [12MR], 16411 [17JN], 18914, 18915-18921 [8JY]

States: air quality grants, 28065 [15OC]

———requirement for certain to attain and maintain a national ambient air quality standard (S. Res. 332), 33515 [1DE]

Superfund: borrowing authority, 13227 [20MY]

Unemployment: job training for dislocated workers from closures due to environmental law violations (S. 370), 1643 [21JA]

Water: protection for ground through State standards (S. 20), 10361 [29AP]

———report reviewing the quality of lakes and streams, 32057 [17NO]

Wyoming: water quality standards, 19800 [14JY]

Reports

Acid Rain Partnership: Carolyn Baldwin and other delegates, 15488-15491 [11JN]

EPA's Risk Assessment on Chlorofluorocarbons: Science Advisory Board, 14118 [29MY]

National Water Quality Inventory, 32057 [17NO]

Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act: Committee on Environment and Public Works (S. 1788) (S. Rept. 100-237), 34327 [8DE]

Superfund 1987—Public Health Remains at Risk—A One-Year Report on EPA's Cleanup Program Under the New Superfund Law: Clean Water Action Project, 36673 [19DE]

Reports filed

Nominations: Committee on Environment and Public Works, 35990 [17DE]

Reviews

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Report: Robie G. Russell, 15634 [11JN]

Statements

Clean Air Act: Dallas Evans, 34023 [3DE]

———Representative Waxman, 34017 [3DE]

———(sundry excerpts), 1463 [20JA]

———U.S. Conference of Mayors, 34007 [3DE]

Ground Water Contamination: Tim Amsden, 33686 [2DE]

Maxey Flats, KY, Nuclear Waste Spill, Geological Survey, 28623 [21OC]

President's Veto of Clean Water Bill, 27806 [14OC]

Stratospheric Ozone: Lee M. Thomas, EPA, 3784 [19FE]

Wastewater Projects: William D. Ruckelshaus, 1265 [14JA]

Wastewater Treatment Project: Gayle Frye, 16186 [16JN]

Wellfield Superfund Project: East Olean, NY, 6242-6243 [18MR]

Studies

Methods To Reduce Plastic Pollution, 36560 [19DE]

Summaries

Acid Deposition Control Act (S. 321), 1401 [16JA]

Tables

EPA list of nonattainment areas having construction moratorium as of October 1987, 34007 [3DE]

State implementation plans construction sanctions, 34009 [3DE]

Testimonies

Committee on Environment and Public Works: Greenhouse Gases, D33 [28JA]

Meteorological Aspects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident: Alan Robock, 15099 [9JN]

Texts of

H.J. Res. 153, funding for asbestos abatement programs in schools, 3975 [24FE]

H.R. 1046, Tributyltin-Based Antifouling Paint Control Act, 3226 [9FE]

H.R. 1771, amend Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 6233 [18MR]

S. 20, Groundwater Protection Act, 1166 [12JA]

S. 235, regulate air pollution over Continental Shelf, 684 [6JA]

S. 321, Acid Deposition Control Act, 1399-1401 [16JA]

S. 370, job training for workers dislocated from closures due to environmental law violations, 1644 [21JA]

S. 513, National Ground Water Contamination Research Act, 3114 [5FE]

S. 559, study of effects of dumping plastics on land and in water, 3758 [19FE]

S. 743, Radon Detection in School Buildings Act, 5625 [12MR]

S. 744, State Radon Program Development Act, 5628 [12MR], 18915-18917 [8JY]

S. 787, air pollution standards, 6376 [19MR]

S. 1425, EPA reconstruction of public buildings, 17575 [25JN]

S. 1429, Hazardous Waste Reduction Act, 17577 [25JN]

S. 1446, regulation of certain hazardous air pollutants, 17857 [26JN]

S. 1751, Shore Protection Act, 26335 [2OC]

S. 1788, Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act, 28127 [15OC], 35275 [11DE]

S. 1809, standards for identification and abatement of hazardous asbestos in certain buildings, 28978-28981 [22OC]

S. 1992, ground water policy development, 37813 [21DE]

S. Con. Res. 10, enrollment corrections in H.R. 1, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 1656 [21JA]

S. Con. Res. 36, use of ethanol and methanol in reducing air pollution, 6300 [19MR]

S. Res. 219, use of ethanol and methanol in reducing air pollution, 13601 [21MY]

S. Res. 332, requirement for certain States to attain and maintain a national ambient air quality standard, 33515 [1DE]