[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 163 (2017), Part 1]
[House]
[Pages 1242-1245]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                   CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY STATEMENT

  Pursuant to clause 7 of rule XII of the Rules of the House of 
Representatives, the following statements are submitted regarding the 
specific powers granted to Congress in the Constitution to enact the 
accompanying bill or joint resolution.

            By Mr. SARBANES:
       H.R. 20.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution under the 
     General Welfare Clause.
            By Mr. DeFAZIO:
       H.R. 617.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 (relating to the power to 
     make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the 
     powers vested in Congress)
            By Mr. LAMBORN:
       H.R. 618.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8
            By Mr. CHABOT:
       H.R. 619.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       This legislation is enacted by Congressional Authority 
     expressed in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United 
     States Constitution.
            By Mr. POE of Texas:
       H.R. 620.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18
            By Mr. CHAFFETZ:
       H.R. 621.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2: relating to the power of 
     Congress to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
     regulations respecting the territory or other property 
     belonging to the United States.
            By Mr. CHAFFETZ:
       H.R. 622.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2: relating to the power of 
     Congress to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
     regulations respecting the territory or other property 
     belonging to the United States.
            By Mr. CHAFFETZ:
       H.R. 623.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 3: To regulate commerce with 
     foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the 
     Indian tribes
            By Mr. VALADAO:
       H.R. 624.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the Constitution of the 
     United States.
            By Mr. AGUILAR:
       H.R. 625.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, section 8, clause 18 of the United States 
     Constitution.
            By Mr. THOMPSON of Pennsylvania:
       H.R. 626.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 3; and including but not 
     solely limited to Article I, Section 8, Clause 14.
            By Mr. CARTWRIGHT:
       H.R. 627.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (relating to the power of 
     Congress to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among 
     the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.)
            By Mr. RODNEY DAVIS of Illinois:
       H.R. 628.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       The constitutional authority on which this bill rests is 
     the power of Congress as stated in Article I, Section 8, 
     Clause 1 of the United States Constitution.
            By Mr. CONAWAY:
       H.R. 629.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Pursuant to Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution of the 
     United States.
            By Mr. COHEN:
       H.R. 630.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8
            By Mrs. NOEM:
       H.R. 631.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8: The Congress shall have Power To lay 
     and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises . . .
            By Ms. MENG:
       H.R. 632.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution.
            By Mr. HARPER:
       H.R. 633.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       The Congress enacts this bill pursuant to Clause 1 of 
     Section 8 of Article I of the United States Constitution.
            By Mr. HARPER:
       H.R. 634.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution granting 
     Congress the authority to make laws governing the time, 
     place, and manner of holding federal elections.
            By Ms. SCHAKOWSKY:
       H.R. 635.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8: The Congress shall have power to lay 
     and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the 
     debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare 
     of the United State
            By Ms. SCHAKOWSKY:
       H.R. 636.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution
            By Mr. PALMER:
       H.R. 637.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 18--The Congress shall have 
     Power To . . . make all Laws which shall be necessary and 
     proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and 
     all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the 
     Government of the United States, or in any Department or 
     Officer thereof.
            By Mr. CALVERT:
       H.R. 638.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       The Constitutional authority of Congress to enact this 
     legislation is provided by Article I, section 8 of the United 
     States Constitution, specifically clause 1 and clause 18.
            By Mr. ABRAHAM:
       H.R. 639.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3: to regulate commerce with 
     foreign nations, and among the several states, and with 
     Indian tribes.
            By Mr. ALLEN:
       H.R. 640.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Congressman Rick W. Allen (GA-12) states that Congress has 
     the power to enact this legislation pursuant to the 
     following:
       Consistent with the original understanding of the commerce 
     clause, the authority to enact this legislation is found in 
     Clause 3 of Section 8, Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution.

[[Page 1243]]


            By Mr. ALLEN:
       H.R. 641.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Consistent with the original understanding of the commerce 
     clause, the authority to enact this legislation is found in 
     Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution.
            By Mr. BARLETTA:
       H.R. 642.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18--To make all Laws which 
     shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the 
     foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this 
     Constitution in the Government of the United States or in any 
     Department or Officer thereof.
            By Mr. BARLETTA:
       H.R. 643.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 4
            By Mrs. BLACK:
       H.R. 644.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       This bill makes specific changes to existing law in a 
     manner that provides conscience protections in accord with 
     the 1st Amendment of the United States Constitution. Further, 
     this bill creates a private right of action in federal court 
     in accord with Clause 9 of Section 8 of Article I, of the 
     United States Constitution. Similarly, this bill provides for 
     preventing disbursement of all or a portion of certain 
     Federal financial assistance in accord with Clause 1, Section 
     8 Article 1.
            By Mr. BOST:
       H.R. 645.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 1.
            By Mr. BUCHANAN:
       H.R. 646.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1 Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution.
            By Mr. CARSON of Indiana:
       H.R. 647.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Clause 7 of section 9 of article I of the Constitution, 
     Clause 1 of section 8 of article I of the Constitution, and 
     clause 18 of section 8 of article I of the Constitution.
            By Ms. CHENEY:
       H.R. 648.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 3.
           By Mr. COLLINS of New York:
       H.R. 649.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution.
           By Mr. CULBERSON:
       H.R. 650.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 granting Congress the power to 
     ``promote the Progress of Science.''
           By Mr. CUMMINGS:
       H.R. 651.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 [Page H5590]
           By Mr. CUMMINGS:
       H.R. 652.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 [Page H5590]
           By Mr. CUMMINGS:
       H.R. 653.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 [Page H5590]
           By Mr. DeFAZIO:
       H.R. 654.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, 
     specifically Clause 1 (relating to providing for the common 
     defense and general welfare of the United States) and Clause 
     18 (relating to the power to make all laws necessary and 
     proper for carrying out the powers vested in Congress).
           By Mr. DONOVAN:
       H.R. 655.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution of the United 
     States.
           By Mr. DUFFY:
       H.R. 656.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8
           By Mr. DUFFY:
       H.R. 657.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 18
           By Mr. ELLISON:
       H.R. 658.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, Clause 3 and Clause 18.
           By Mr. FARENTHOLD:
       H.R. 659.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, clauses 3 and 18 of the United States 
     Constitution
           By Mr. GOSAR:
       H.R. 660.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 1 (the Spending Clause). The 
     Supreme Court, in South Dakota v. Dole (1987), reasoned that 
     conditions and limitations on funds were constitutional and 
     within the power of Congress under the Spending Clause.
       Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3 (Commerce Clause) If the 
     matter in question is not a purely local matter (intra-state) 
     or if it has an impact on inter-state commerce, it falls 
     within Congress' power to ``regulate commerce among the 
     several states.''
       Article 1 Section 8 Clause 18 (the Necessary and Proper 
     Clause) which grants Congress the power to make all laws 
     which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into 
     execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested 
     by this Constitution of the United States, or in any 
     Department or Officer thereof.
           By Mr. GUTHRIE:
       H.R. 661.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I Section 8:
       The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes, 
     Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for 
     the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States; 
     but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform 
     throughout the United States;
           By Ms. JENKINS of Kansas:
       H.R. 662.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8:
       The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, 
     Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for 
     the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States; 
     but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform 
     throughout the United States.
       Article I, Section 9:
       No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in 
     Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.
           By Mr. JENKINS of West Virginia:
       H.R. 663.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8--Commerce Clause
           By Mr. JOYCE of Ohio:
       H.R. 664.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 18
       The Congress shall have Power * * * To make all Laws which 
     shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the 
     foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by the 
     Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in 
     any Department or Office thereof.
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 1
       The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes, 
     Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide 
     for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United 
     States; but all Duties, Imposts, and Excises shall be uniform 
     throughout the Unites States.
           By Mr. KEATING:
       H.R. 665.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution.
           By Mr. KING of New York:
       H.R. 666.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18--To make all Laws which 
     shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the 
     foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this 
     Constitution in the Government of the United States or in any 
     Department or Officer thereof.
           By Mr. KING of New York:
       H.R. 667.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 5 of the Constitution
           By Mr. LATTA:
       H.R. 668.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 6
       The Senators and Representatives shall receive a 
     Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, 
     and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.
           By Mr. TED LIEU of California:
       H.R. 669.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, which grants 
     Congress the power to declare war.
           By Ms. LOFGREN:
       H.R. 670.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.
           By Mrs. LOWEY:
       H.R. 671.

[[Page 1244]]

       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I.
           By Mrs. LOWEY:
       H.R. 672.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I
           By Mr. LUETKEMEYER:
       H.R. 673.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       The Constitutional authority on which this bill is based is 
     Congress's power under the Spending Clause in Article 1, 
     Section 8 of the Constitution.
           By Mr. McCAUL:
       H.R. 674.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8
            By Mr. McHENRY:
       H.R. 675.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section VIII
            By Mr. CONYERS:
       H.R. 676.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8
            By Ms. McSALLY:
       H.R. 677.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, section 8, clause 1--The Congress shall have 
     Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, 
     to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and 
     general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts 
     and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
       Article 1, section 8, clause 18--To make all Laws which 
     shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the 
     foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this 
     Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in 
     any Department or Officer thereof.
            By Ms. McSALLY:
       H.R. 678.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18--To make all Laws which 
     shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the 
     foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this 
     Constitution in the Government of the United States or in any 
     Department or Officer thereof.
            By Mr. MEADOWS:
       H.R. 679.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Clause 1 of Section 8 of Article 1
            By Mr. MEADOWS:
       H.R. 680.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       ``The Congress shall have the Power To . . . make all Laws 
     which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into 
     Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested 
     by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, 
     or Department or Officer thereof''--Article 1, Section 8
            By Mr. MOONEY of West Virginia:
       H.R. 681.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       This legislation makes clear that human life begins at the 
     moment of conception and, therefore, the unborn are entitled 
     to the same rights and protections afforded to all American 
     citizens under the U.S. Constitution. In affirming human life 
     begins at conception, the unborn are granted the right to due 
     process under Section 1 of the 14th Amendment which 
     explicitly states, ``No state shall make or enforce any law 
     which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens 
     of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person 
     of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; 
     nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal 
     protection of the laws.''
       The Life at Conception Act allows for constitutional 
     protection for the unborn that they not ``be deprived of 
     life, liberty, or property, without due process of law'' 
     afforded under the 5th Amendment.
           By Mr. MULLIN:
       H.R. 682.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States 
     Constitution.
           By Mr. NOLAN:
       H.R. 683.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, 
     specifically Clause 3
           By Mr. PALAZZO:
       H.R. 684.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 18: The Congress shall have 
     Power . . . To make all Laws which shall be necessary and 
     proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and 
     all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the 
     Government of the United States, or in any Department or 
     Officer thereof.
           By Mr. PASCRELL:
       H.R. 685.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States 
     Constitution.
           By Mr. PAULSEN:
       H.R. 686.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States 
     Constitution.
           By Mr. PAYNE:
       H.R. 687.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8.
           By Mr. POLIS:
       H.R. 688.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (relating to the power of 
     Congress to provide for the general welfare of the United 
     States) and Clause 18 (relating to the power to make all laws 
     necessary and proper for carrying out the powers vested in 
     Congress).
       Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 (relating to the power of 
     Congress to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
     regulations respecting territory or other property belonging 
     to the United States).
           By Mr. POLIS:
       H.R. 689.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (relating to the power of 
     Congress to provide for the general welfare of the United 
     States) and Clause 18 (relating to the power to make all laws 
     necessary and proper for carrying out the powers vested in 
     Congress).
       Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 (relating to the power of 
     Congress to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
     regulations respecting territory or other property belonging 
     to the United States).
           By Mr. RICHMOND:
       H.R. 690.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       This bill is introduced pursuant to the powers granted to 
     Congress under the General Welfare Clause (Art. 1 Sec. 8 Cl. 
     1), the Commerce Clause (Art. 1 Sec. 8 Cl. 3), and the 
     Necessary and Proper Clause (Art. 1 Sec. 8 Cl. 18).
       Further, this statement of constitutional authority is made 
     for the sole purpose of compliance with clause 7 of Rule XII 
     of the Rules of the House of Representatives and shall have 
     no bearing on judicial review of the accompanying bill.
           By Mr. ROKITA:
       H.R. 691.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8, Clause I ``Congress shall have the 
     power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, 
     to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and 
     general welfare of the United States; but all duties, 
     imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United 
     States
           By Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN:
       H.R. 692.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       This bill is enacted pursuant to the power granted to 
     Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United 
     States Constitution.
           By Mr. ROSS:
       H.R. 693.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Fourteenth Amendment, Section 5
           By Mr. ROUZER:
       H.R. 694.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Consistent with the understading and interpretation of 
     Commerce Clause, Congress has the authority to enact this 
     legislation in accordance with Clause 3 of Section 8, Article 
     1 of the U.S. Constitution.
           By Mr. SCHIFF:
       H.R. 695.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Congress has the power to enact the Child Protection 
     Improvements Act of 2017 pursuant to Article I, Section 8, 
     Clause 18, the Necessary and Proper Clause. The Necessary and 
     Proper Clause supports the expansion of congressional 
     authority beyond the explicit authorities that are directly 
     discernible from the text. Additionally, the Preamble to the 
     Constitution provides support of the authority to enact 
     legislation to promote the General Welfare.
           By Mr. SCHRADER:
       H.R. 696.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section VIII of the Constitution
           By Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi:
       H.R. 697.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       The U.S. Constitution including Article 1, Section 8.
           By Mr. TIPTON:
       H.R. 698.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 4, Section 3, Clause 2:

[[Page 1245]]

       The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all 
     needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or 
     other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in 
     this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any 
     Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
           By Mr. WALDEN:
       H.R. 699.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 (relating to the power of 
     Congress to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
     regulations respecting the territory or other property 
     belonging to the United States).
           By Mrs. WALORSKI:
       H.R. 700.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. ``To provide for 
     the common defense,'' ``to raise and support Armies,'' ``to 
     provide and maintain a Navy,'' and ``to make rules for the 
     government and regulation of the land and naval forces.''
           By Mr. WILSON of South Carolina:
       H.R. 701.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 of the U.S. Constitution, 
     which gives Congress the power to ``make all Laws which shall 
     be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the 
     foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this 
     Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in 
     any Department or Officer thereof `` This legislation 
     requires a study to determine regulations appropriate for the 
     safety and security of automobiles in the United States. 
     Nothing in this legislation shall be construed to restrict 
     due process of the law as defined in Section 1, Amendment XIV 
     of the U.S. Constitution.
           By Mr. DEUTCH:
       H.J. Res. 31.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article V of the Constitution: The Congress, whenever two 
     thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose 
     amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of 
     the legislatures of two thirds of the several states, shall 
     call a convention for proposing amendments, which, either 
     case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of 
     this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three 
     fourths of the several states or by conventions in three 
     fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification 
     may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment 
     which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight 
     hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and 
     fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and 
     no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal 
     suffrage in the Senate.
           By Mr. BISHOP of Utah:
       H.J. Res. 32.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article V
           By Mrs. CAROLYN B. MALONEY of New York:
       H.J. Res. 33.
       Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant 
     to the following:
       Article V--Amendment. The Congress, whenever two thirds of 
     both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments 
     to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the 
     Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call 
     a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, 
     shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this 
     Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three 
     fourths of the several States or by Conventions in three 
     fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification 
     may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment 
     which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight 
     hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and 
     fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and 
     that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its 
     equal Suffrage in the Senate.

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