[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 162 (2016), Part 3]
[House]
[Pages 3567-3571]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                            WORLD WATER DAY

  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Graves of Louisiana). Under the 
Speaker's announced policy of January 6, 2015, the Chair recognizes the 
gentlewoman from Ohio (Ms. Kaptur) for 30 minutes.
  Ms. KAPTUR. Mr. Speaker, I want to welcome the Congressman and 
doctor, Dan Benishek, from Michigan's First District, which encompasses 
Marquette and Mackinac Island and Traverse City, to name a few famous 
towns and island. I welcome him to participate this evening as well as 
our other colleagues from the Great Lakes.
  I rise tonight to mark the occasion of World Water Day. As such, I 
would like to discuss the Great Lakes, an American freshwater treasure, 
irreplaceable on our globe. Actually, it is the largest source of 
freshwater in the United States and represents about 20 percent of the 
world's freshwater supply.
  The district that I represent, which is a little south of Michigan, 
down in Ohio, sits nestled across Lake Erie's entire south coast, 
extending from Cleveland all the way west to Toledo and encompasses all 
of Ohio's ports but for one.
  There should be a sign, actually, on the Ohio Turnpike nearby that 
marks our shoreline as the step-off point, since Lake Erie is the most 
southern of all the lakes, as the largest body of freshwater on the 
face of the Earth.
  I see our dear colleague, the co-chair of the Great Lakes Task Force 
with me, Congressman Mike Kelly of Erie, Pennsylvania, who has joined 
us. It is also a great port city, nestled along these Great Lakes.
  Let me begin by saying, since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 
1972, Lake Erie itself has been on a path to recovery. It got very sick 
back in the 20th century.
  Point sources of pollution, such as inadequate wastewater treatment 
facilities and infrastructure and industrial outfalls have been slowly 
coming. Since back then and the passage of the Clean Water Act and the 
establishment of Earth Day, they have been coming into EPA compliance.
  One needs no further proof in tracking the rebirth of America's 
symbol, the bald eagle, than to really track

[[Page 3568]]

Lake Erie's health. Lake Erie is the shallowest of the lakes; and, 
therefore, it is kind of the canary in the coal mine. What happens 
there will happen in the other lakes subsequently.
  The bald eagle had actually become an endangered species by the time 
of the 1970s, and only two eagles were left on our great lake, Lake 
Erie. There were no eaglets being born.
  Due to the Clean Water Act's passage and literally the banning of DDT 
and the repair of many of the industrial outfalls, which we are still 
working on, and the combined sewer overflows, what happened, as we 
moved into the 21st century, was human progress.
  Today hundreds of baby eaglets are being born across Lake Erie, and 
they are flying other places around the country. Amazingly, the bald 
eagle has been taken off the endangered species list. So progress is 
possible. Humans can really repair the environment if they are 
dedicated to us.
  For those of us who live in Lake Erie's western basin, which is the 
far western part of the State, the health of our lake is a living 
reality and access to freshwater has become the background noise of our 
daily lives, becoming more pronounced when tragedy strikes, as it did 
most recently in Flint, Michigan, and Sebring, Ohio, with lead in 
freshwater.

                              {time}  1645

  Our region works and plays with a new normal that includes very 
frequent water quality reports now, updates on beach postings--whether 
you can swim or not--water utility fee increases, and a general concern 
about a troubling set of scientific questions that still go unanswered.
  Unfortunately, this administration has not recognized these concerns 
and seeks to cut Federal support to Great Lakes States by $148 million 
for next year. Some would call that an oxymoron; it makes no sense in 
view of what is happening across our region, but it is happening.
  This evening--and I am going to yield to my colleagues before I get 
into these topics--I would like to address the water infrastructure 
needs of the Great Lakes, harmful algal blooms, which literally shut 
down the city of Toledo's water system a year-and-a-half ago, denying 
fresh water for 3 days to citizens, to businesses, and to institutions 
in that region because of something called microcystin, which is the 
toxic part of certain types of algal blooms which we are trying to 
address. So harmful algal blooms will be one of my topics.
  Another topic will be the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, which 
is so important to all of us in helping to improve our Great Lakes.
  Stopping the Asian carp is another topic.
  The next topic will be the Great Lakes navigation system itself, an 
antiquated system that has to be updated for this 21st century.
  Finally, I will discuss the harbor maintenance fund. These are all 
major issues across the Great Lakes region, which we would like to 
place on the Record this evening.
  I would like to ask my colleagues to join me. Congressman Benishek, I 
thank you again so very much for being a leader for the Great Lakes and 
for coming down this evening.
  I now yield to the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Benishek).
  Mr. BENISHEK. I thank Ms. Kaptur very much for setting up this time 
for us to come together on the floor to talk about the importance of 
the Great Lakes. I also thank Mr. Kelly for being here as well.
  It is nice to know there are some issues that are truly bipartisan. I 
believe that protecting our Great Lakes is really one of those.
  The Great Lakes are a vital part of our life in Michigan, 
particularly my district. I have more Great Lakes frontage than any 
other district in the country. I have three Great Lakes in my district 
with over 1,500 miles of frontage on three of the Great Lakes. We have 
more shoreline than any district in the country other than the State of 
Alaska, but that is all saltwater up there.
  I do not think there is a person in my district who does not consider 
the lakes a vital part of their lives, whether it is fishing or 
swimming or sailing or kayaking or just plain sitting by the water. We 
love our lakes. It is a pure Michigan experience. I encourage you all 
to visit.
  Since coming to Congress, one of my top priorities has been working 
to keep the Great Lakes clean so that future generations may also enjoy 
them. I want my grandkids and their kids to experience the joy of their 
first local fishing derby on a summer day or going ice fishing with 
their buddies in the winter. The joys of living on or near the Great 
Lakes inspire us all to ensure that they stay clean for future 
generations.
  However, we treasure our Great Lakes not only for their beauty and 
recreation they provide, but the incredible value they provide to our 
economy. In Michigan alone, outdoor recreation generates $18.7 billion 
in consumer spending and supports nearly 200,000 jobs.
  Protecting the Great Lakes requires action on many fronts, which only 
makes sense. As Ms. Kaptur said, these five Great Lakes represent more 
than 20 percent of all the fresh water in the world. That is why I have 
worked along with so many other of my midwestern colleagues to provide 
adequate funding for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, something 
the President always seems to cut back on in his budget.
  This bipartisan effort, which must be renewed every year to guarantee 
that this important program continues, gives local communities across 
the Great Lakes the ability to clean up local beaches, preserve natural 
wildlife habitats, and to restore local watersheds, among many other 
useful products for the Great Lakes.
  In my district alone, GLRI funds support projects like the Grand 
Traverse Bay Watershed Protection Project and the Beaver Island 
Archipelago Invasive Species Initiative. These programs help protect 
the Great Lakes while at the same time providing a boost to the local 
economy.
  The Soo Locks also have a major impact on our economy. Maintaining 
the integrity of the current lock system and ensuring the construction 
of a second lock is vital for both our national economy and our 
national security. Some people do not even realize that these locks 
exist. They are basically the Panama Canal of America. Much of the iron 
ore that is made into steel, which a lot of the industry in America 
depends on, passes through this lock. It would cause a major crisis if 
it should fail.
  I am proud to have led a trip with other Members of Congress to the 
Soo Locks last summer to raise the importance about the importance of 
these locks. While we have secured funding for a new Economic 
Reevaluation Report from the Corps of Engineers, we must continue to 
raise awareness about the importance of this project while we await the 
publication of this report.
  Another issue that concerns all of us in the Great Lakes region is 
the threat of invasive species. From sea lampreys to quagga mussels 
that are already present in the Great Lakes, to the Asian carp which we 
are currently trying to prevent from gaining access, invasive species 
present a constant threat to this precious resource.
  I have worked closely with the gentleman from California (Mr. 
Thompson) to reorganize the Congressional Invasive Species Caucus, and 
we are working to make invasive species a priority in this Congress.
  While I will be leaving Congress at the end of this term, it is my 
hope that we can continue to work together this year in a bipartisan 
and constructive manner to protect the Great Lakes. I am willing to 
partner with anyone who is willing to do that. I thank Ms. Kaptur for 
doing this Special Order hour.
  Ms. KAPTUR. I thank Congressman Benishek very, very much. I thank him 
for his leadership on Great Lakes issues. That is a vast district that 
he represents and one that is vital to our country. I thank him for 
participating this evening.
  Before I yield to Congressman Mike Kelly of the Third District of 
Pennsylvania, I just want to say that the region that we are talking 
about, the

[[Page 3569]]

Great Lakes, actually, if it were a country on its own, would be the 
third largest economy in the world. We are talking about a vast and 
important part of our Nation with more fresh water than any other part 
of the continent.
  The Great Lakes navigation system, including the Soo Locks that 
Congressman Benishek referenced, encompasses this vast region, and the 
Seaway that is a part of this that was actually built by President 
Eisenhower--it was built back in the 1950s--constitutes through the 
locks the shortest distance between the heartland of America and the 
ports of northern Europe and many other global destinations.
  Most people have never been through the Soo Locks because we tend to 
move commerce through the locks. We have some tourism, obviously, but 
it really is a busy industrial corridor and has the lowest cost 
transportation. Waterborne transportation is the lowest cost mode of 
transportation. So you have the big containers and so forth that move 
through the Seaway, and then we have the interlake trade, which is 
heavily industrial, as Congressman Benishek referenced.
  In recent years, the number of passages through the locks that go all 
the way from Duluth all the way out through Massena, New York, going 
throughout these Great Lakes, this whole system has averaged about 
10,000 vessels per year. That is down a bit from prior years because 
what has happened is the vessels got larger and they could carry more 
freight. But the system exists. It operates every day.
  The ports and channels of the Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence Seaway 
System support over 226,000 jobs in both the United States and Canada 
because the Seaway is operated by both countries, and it brings a total 
of $33.5 billion in business revenue to the United States and Canada 
annually. For Ohio, our largest trading partner is Canada, and some of 
those goods move across the water.
  In the United States alone, the system supports over 128,000 jobs and 
produces a total of $18.1 billion in business revenue annually. Over 
42,000 of these jobs are direct jobs in the iron ore and steel 
industry, which Congressman Benishek referenced. The Great Lakes region 
produces 90 percent--90 percent--of America's iron ore, and the Great 
Lakes region also manufactures 58 percent of automobiles on the roads 
in the United States and Canada. I think Congressman Kelly knows a 
whole lot about the automobile industry. So this manufacturing and 
commodity supply chain can only function through the Great Lakes 
navigation system, which needs modernization.
  I am more than pleased to yield to the co-chair of the Great Lakes 
Task Force here in the House of Representatives, the very esteemed 
gentleman from Pennsylvania's Third District (Mr. Kelly) centered at 
Erie.
  Mr. KELLY of Pennsylvania. I thank the gentlewoman. I often refer to 
the gentlewoman not as Representative Kaptur, but as ``Our Lady of the 
Lakes'' because, truly, we share a lot of the same concerns when it 
comes to an absolutely incredible gift from God that has been given to 
us. It is in our stewardship now. It was put in our care and custody 
with the idea that we are going to pass it on to the next generation in 
better shape than what we received it.
  I think when we look at the Great Lakes, there are so many things you 
can say about the Great Lakes. Oftentimes it is hard to sit back and 
say, what is it exactly that the Great Lakes represent?
  We have already said it is one-fifth of the world's fresh water, not 
one-fifth of America's fresh water, not one-fifth of the continent's 
fresh water, but one-fifth of the world's fresh water.
  It is 6 quadrillion gallons of fresh water. I have absolutely no idea 
what that figure would look like other than this: if you were to look 
at the lower 48 States and you were able to pour the water from the 
Great Lakes over the lower 48 States, it would cover it to a depth of 
9\1/2\ feet.
  So when you put it in that perspective, all of a sudden it starts to 
make sense and you start to focus on it, and you say this truly is a 
gift from God. This is truly a gift that we have to look after.
  Too often it is said, well, you know, just let things go, because if 
you let them go, they will usually work out on their own.
  My goodness, nothing could be further from the truth. We have seen 
the great damage to the Great Lakes, and we have also seen that over 
the years we all of a sudden have become very much aware of it.
  I would just like to say in the district that I represent, 
Pennsylvania's Third District, Erie, Pennsylvania, Presque Isle was on 
the list, and it was one of those things that said this is an area of 
concern. So the attention was turned to what do we have to do to save 
Presque Isle.
  Now, in 2012 it was the first one of these properties that was taken 
off the list of concern through the efforts of not only the Erie 
community, but through the efforts of Congress, and also through the 
efforts of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative.
  Now, we stand here today, and as I have said, I have always referred 
to the gentlewoman as ``Our Lady of the Lakes.'' There is nothing more 
precious to us than this great amount of water that we have, potable 
water. If we were to turn our backs on it or for some reason to think 
that it is not important or that it is not critical or that it is not a 
gift from God that has been put in our care and custody and is up to us 
to protect, then we have fallen far from where we are as a people and 
as a nation.
  I would like to read one excerpt. A friend of mine named Art Grayhead 
is an Army veteran, Special Ops guy. He is also a Native American. To 
him, the Great Lakes represent not only a body of water, but also 
something precious and also something that has a much deeper religious 
meaning. He gave me a book called ``The Living Great Lakes.'' It is 
written by Jerry Dennis. I am going to read it because I think it is 
worded so magnificently by Mr. Dennis:

       To appreciate the magnitude of the Great Lakes you must get 
     close to them. Launch a boat on their waters or hike their 
     beaches or climb the dunes, bluffs, and rocky outcrops that 
     surround them, and you will see, as people have seen since 
     the age of the glaciers that these lakes are pretty darn big. 
     It is no wonder they are sometimes upgraded to the ``Inland 
     Seas'' and the ``Sweetwater Seas.'' Calling them lakes is 
     like calling the Rockies hills.

  So when you see them and conceptualize in your head what it is that 
we are talking about and what it is that we are concerned about and 
what it is that has been put in our care and custody, none of us can 
ever turn away and say: ``This doesn't fall on our watch'' or ``We 
don't have to worry about the Great Lakes.''
  We have to worry about the Great Lakes, we have to guard the Great 
Lakes, and we have to pass it on to the next generation so they, too, 
can enjoy all the benefits from it.
  We talk about the economic consequences and the environmental 
consequences. There is nothing in the life of everyday Americans that 
is more important than our Great Lakes.
  I would like to thank the gentlewoman from Ohio. She certainly has 
fought this battle for a long, long time. She has always been a great 
champion of the Great Lakes. So many of our Members who live around the 
Great Lakes champion it every day. But it is not just for us, it is not 
just for those States around the Great Lakes. It is for every single 
American. I thank the gentlewoman so much for her concern, her 
dedication, and more than anything her passion.
  Ms. KAPTUR. I thank Congressman Kelly so very much. I thank him for 
his passion and for participating this evening and for all the effort 
he puts forward on our Great Lakes Task Force to try to elevate this 
region of the country as so vital to our future.

                              {time}  1700

  And when the gentlemen were talking about Great Lakes and the word 
``lakes,'' there are some people who have said they should have been 
named the Great Seas.
  I had an experience with schoolchildren a few years back. I loaded up

[[Page 3570]]

a schoolbus with children who came from a region that wasn't close to 
the lake, and I took them out to Lake Erie. Their first reaction was 
actually fear when they saw how big it was. They said: Oh, the ocean.
  So, it isn't like a little puddle jumper. These lakes are vast. You 
have described them well. Most Americans have not visited them, so they 
don't have a complete understanding of how massive these lakes really 
are. There is nothing else like them on the face of the Earth.
  Mr. KELLY of Pennsylvania. I can remember as a child my parents 
taking us to Lake Erie for summer vacation. I had no idea what I was 
going to see, but as we got closer to Erie, my dad said: See, Mike, 
there it is. There is the lake. I said: It looks like it is going to 
come crashing on us.
  Because, you know, as you get closer to those bodies of water, as the 
horizon, the water and the sky meet together, and as you are 
approaching it, it looks like: My goodness, I can't imagine anything 
this big.
  In the eyes of a child, I looked at it and I was completely taken 
away. I couldn't believe it. That has only increased as I have aged and 
I have watched that marvelous, marvelous gift from God that we have and 
that we have to protect.
  Again, I thank the gentlewoman. It is always a pleasure being with 
her on the floor talking about our Great Lakes. It is always a pleasure 
working with her. The passion she has to protect our Great Lakes is 
absolutely incredible.
  Ms. KAPTUR. The gentleman has the same passion.
  Mr. KELLY of Pennsylvania. Yes, ma'am.
  Ms. KAPTUR. This is a moment I am glad that is actually being 
broadcast because we are down here tonight on a bipartisan basis 
discussing a vital resource that this Nation shares with Canada. We 
work well together. Most of the news is about how Members of Congress 
don't work together, they don't do this, and here we are participating, 
after hours--we are not required to be here--and we are talking about 
something we believe to be truly irreplaceable for our country.
  I thank the gentleman for his leadership, and I will share this story 
with him.
  When I was a little girl, I still remember the seventh grade when our 
grandparents and parents took us to Erie, Pennsylvania, to Presque 
Isle. I remember that. It was such a big deal. It was a long trip from 
Toledo, Ohio, to Erie, Pennsylvania, and I still remember our relatives 
there and understanding how big that waterway really is, how we went 
swimming at Presque Isle back in those days--the 1950s, I guess.
  So I have always had an affinity for Erie, Pennsylvania, remembering 
back to those early times and what a good time we had. The people of 
Erie were so hospitable.
  It is great to have the gentleman as a leader in the Great Lakes Task 
Force and coming down here this evening to make time for the Great 
Lakes. I thank him very much. I thank him for his concerted leadership 
and all he has done to be a champion not just for Presque Isle, not 
just for Lake Erie, but for our entire Great Lakes system.
  I yield to gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Kildee), the vice chair of 
the Great Lakes Task Force, who has come to Congress with all this 
energy and intelligence and capacity to make a difference for the 
country. And then what was handed him in this last 2 months was the 
terrible tragedy in his hometown of Flint, Michigan, with lead in the 
water pipes and the water system there. So many people in Flint are so 
unnecessarily ill and the community is damaged. All of America wants to 
help Flint.
  I thank Congressman Kildee so much for coming down tonight.
  Mr. KILDEE. I thank the gentlewoman for yielding and for her 
leadership. Congresswoman Kaptur has always been a great ally for me 
and even my predecessor, my uncle, on working to preserve and protect 
this incredible natural asset that we have--the Great Lakes.
  Listening to Congresswoman Kaptur and Congressman Kelly refer to your 
childhood, we all--those of us from the Great Lakes region--remember 
and recall, from our childhood, our introduction to the Great Lakes.
  The very shape of my home State of Michigan is defined by the lakes. 
Lake Huron is on the east, Lake Michigan is on the west, a touch of 
Lake Erie, and, of course, Lake Superior to the north. It defines the 
shape of our State.
  As a child, I still remember the first time experiencing the lakes, 
and they did seem as though they were something that were so big, they 
was almost impossible to comprehend. But it was also something that, as 
a child, I took for granted. We all took for granted that the lakes 
would always be there, that they would always be pure, that they would 
always be clear and cold--the way we recalled them as children.
  Of course, what we come to know, as policymakers, is that we can't be 
put in a position to take that for granted. We have to actively protect 
that incredible gift that has been handed to us simply as a creation of 
God. We have this enormously special stewardship.
  Two things I want to point out that I think are part of the 
stewardship responsibility that we have to and for the Great Lakes. 
One, of course, is to defend the lakes against any threat that might 
manifest now or might manifest generations from now, whether that is 
working to protect the lakes from invasive species like Asian carp or a 
very special obligation that I think we have right now, working with 
our friends across the border on the Canadian side, and that is to 
protect the lakes from unnecessary and unwarranted threats.
  There has been, in the planning stages, the possibility of a nuclear 
waste storage facility that would be on the eastern shore of Lake 
Huron. It would be six-tenths of a mile from the shore of that lake. I 
am pleased to see that our friends within the new Canadian Government 
have sort of taken a pause to reevaluate whether that site is the best 
site. Of course, my position and the position of many Members of 
Congress, Democrats and Republicans, has been that there is a special 
line that we must draw when it comes to protecting the lakes.
  We have a chance to ask that--in this case, the Canadian Government, 
and specifically the Ontario Power Generation--they reconsider the 
location of a nuclear waste storage facility so that now, 100 or 200 
years from now, if some event may occur that would release some of that 
material, we would never put the lakes at risk.
  That is something that we can do. It is a tangible set of steps that 
we can take. But it is just an example of the special responsibility 
that I know I now have as a Member of Congress representing the Great 
Lakes region.
  It is not until you are sworn into office and take an oath to uphold 
the Constitution and represent the people that you live with back home 
that you come to understand the magnitude of that responsibility, 
especially for maintaining the lakes.
  Of course, the other point that Congresswoman Kaptur mentioned is 
that we also have a special responsibility to continue to take 
advantage of the fact that we have been given this gift, and we have to 
use it in a way that is sustainable but also allows us to use the pure 
and clear lake water in a way that protects us.
  Of course, the very bad decisions that were made at the State 
government level that led to the crisis in my hometown of Flint were 
decisions to move temporarily away from using lake water for our 
drinking water to using river water in the Flint River as our primary 
drinking water source. It is almost unimaginable that that would 
happen, considering that we are literally surrounded by the greatest 
source, the largest source of surface freshwater on the planet and that 
a community would temporarily use that drinking water.
  It also makes the point that the protections of our water resources 
are special protections that we have to make sure are adhered to. This 
crisis in Flint, or any other crisis, such as the issue that I know 
Congresswoman Kaptur is very familiar with--you may have already 
addressed the algal bloom

[[Page 3571]]

that you dealt with in the lake that affected drinking water in Toledo 
and other places--we have a special responsibility to make sure that we 
are, through our Environmental Protection Agency and State 
environmental quality agencies, aggressively defending the Great Lakes, 
not just to maintain their natural beauty, not just to maintain them as 
recreational assets, but to make sure that, when we use that water for 
something as fundamental as drinking water, we know it will always be 
safe and protected.
  I want to thank the gentlewoman for her leadership on the issue of 
the Great Lakes and for including me as a part of this bipartisan 
effort to make sure that we always take care of this unique and special 
stewardship responsibility to protect the greatest freshwater source on 
the planet.
  Ms. KAPTUR. I thank Congressman Kildee so very, very much for coming 
down. He has his hands full in trying to repair the damage in Flint. We 
respect him so much for the leadership he has shown there, because that 
could happen anywhere. Sadly, it happened in Flint, Michigan, and he 
and the delegation and the entire Great Lakes region have really 
provided stellar leadership.
  We all are here to try and help him and the citizens of Flint. He is 
focusing national attention on the importance of water infrastructure 
and what can happen when systems age. You have brought this to the 
attention of the American people. We can all learn from the experience 
in Flint.
  I want to thank my colleagues for coming to the floor tonight to 
discuss the important challenges that still remain in the Great Lakes 
of water infrastructure improvement, addressing the harmful algal 
blooms, making sure there is significant support in the Great Lakes 
Restoration Initiative, stopping the Asian carp from coming into the 
Great Lakes, improving our Great Lakes navigation system, and making 
sure that the harbor maintenance trust fund is available for the Great 
Lakes.
  I yield back the balance of my time.

                          ____________________