[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 162 (2016), Part 1]
[Senate]
[Pages 361-362]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                    FUNDING FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, a few months ago my colleague from 
Missouri, Senator Blunt, took the floor and spoke to two issues we have 
in common. I will speak to one of them in a moment--the flooding in the 
Midwest--but I wish to also address another one that he raised.
  Senator Blunt is in an extraordinary position, having been given an 
opportunity to handle the appropriations bill for the Department of 
Health and Human Services. Within the Health and Human Services 
appropriations bill is funding for most of the biomedical research by 
the Federal Government.
  I have spoken to Senator Blunt over the past year and even before 
about my strong feelings on this subject. I feel, as most Americans do, 
that our investment in biomedical research is a wise investment, 
potentially sparing people from disease and death that could follow an 
illness but also making an investment in America's innovative economy, 
creating opportunities for jobs and for expanded research and new 
products and pharmaceuticals. Senator Blunt took that challenge to 
heart, and when he was faced with the appropriations bill for this 
Department, he made a special effort when it came to medical research. 
I am so happy that he did.
  It was only a few years ago that we had automatic, across-the-board 
cuts called sequestration. It was devastating. As a net result of that, 
many of the youngest and most promising researchers gave up on the 
field because they didn't think there was a commitment from Congress, 
from the President, and from the government to continue to expand 
biomedical research. We saw the median age of researchers climbing 
because younger researchers looked for other jobs. That is a horrible 
waste of talent and a squandering of an opportunity, I am sure, to find 
ways to make life more bearable and to cure diseases across America.
  Several years ago, when I visited the NIH, the head of the National 
Institutes of Health, Dr. Francis Collins, told me that if we could 
have 5 percent real growth in biomedical research at the NIH for 10 
years, he could light up the scoreboard. We were on the cusp of so many 
discoveries that this was an opportunity, if the investment were made, 
to really have some medical breakthroughs. I took that to heart and 
introduced a bill called the American Cures Act, and I am sure Senator 
Blunt and many of my colleagues are tired of hearing about it. The 
notion is 10 percent by Congress; 5 percent real growth each year when 
it comes to the NIH.
  As it turns out, this year we are knocking on the door of doing just 
that with the investment that was made by the appropriations bill. This 
investment is almost $42 billion in biomedical research, $32 billion in 
the National Institutes of Health, a 6.6-percent increase over last 
year; $7 billion for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a 
4.5-percent increase over fiscal year 2015.
  There are two other areas of research opportunities in biomedical 
research: the Veterans Medical and Prosthetics Research Program and the 
Department of Defense Health Program. That is an appropriations bill I 
have something to do with, working with the chairman, Senator Cochran. 
Both of those programs received a 7-percent increase over the previous 
fiscal year. These increases at NIH, CDC, Veterans, and Defense are a 
real turnaround. They bring to an end a decades-long downward trend 
when it comes to biomedical research.
  Senator Blunt has said--and I have, too--this shouldn't be a one-hit 
wonder. We have to repeat that this year when it comes to the 
appropriations for the next fiscal year beginning October 1. We have to 
make sure we make our promise and keep it when it comes to biomedical 
research. If we do it, I know this level of funding is going to result 
in dramatic, positive developments.
  There are so many areas we need help with. I can think of a few that 
are obvious, including Alzheimer's. An American is diagnosed with 
Alzheimer's once every 67 seconds. When my staff told me that, I didn't 
believe it. I said: Go back, recalculate, and tell me the real number. 
It turns out they were right. Once every 67 seconds, a person is 
diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
  Last year we spent over $200 billion in Medicare and Medicaid for 
Alzheimer's care. That is just a fraction of the total cost. Think 
about what individual families spent, what private insurance sources 
spent, the charitable care that was given to Alzheimer's patients. So 
when we talk about increasing the NIH budget by $2 billion for 1 year, 
it is a tiny fraction. It is 1 percent of the amount we are spending on 
Alzheimer's.

[[Page 362]]

  If we could find a way to detect Alzheimer's earlier, delay its 
onset, reduce the period of time of suffering, or perhaps even find a 
cure, God willing, it would have a dramatic, positive impact on so many 
lives and families and on our bottom-line Federal budget. Take that 
argument about Alzheimer's and apply it as well to cancer. How many of 
our families and friends are suffering and fighting cancer right now? 
My wife and I were struck over the holidays by how many of our close 
friends are battling cancer at this moment. We know they are looking 
for hope. They are looking for drugs. They are looking for something 
that will break through and give them a chance at life. That is why I 
believe this biomedical research is so critical.
  Let me add one postscript. Stopping with these agencies is not 
enough. I recently visited the Department of Energy. The new Secretary 
there, Ernest Moniz, and I were talking about biomedical research. He 
said that when it comes to the technology for imaging that is making 
such a difference in the world, it isn't just in biomedicine; it is in 
engineering and science as well, in the Department of Science, within 
the Department of Energy. So let's not be shortsighted. Let's have an 
open mind about innovation and creation.
  Last week I was in Peoria, IL, an area I am proud to represent. I 
went to visit OSF Hospital there. I went to what is known as the Jump 
Center. We don't forget that name very easily. What they have done in 
the Jump Center is they have combined the University of Illinois 
Medical School and the University of Illinois Engineering Department in 
a common effort to bring new engineering and new technology to medicine 
and medical breakthroughs. What they are doing there is amazing--first, 
training doctors and medical professionals to do their job effectively 
without mistakes. That, of course, is the ultimate outcome we are 
looking for. Over their shoulders are engineers and technicians who are 
looking at these doctors doing their work, finding new applications for 
computers and engineering technology that can make their work easier 
and more effective.
  They showed me a model of the human heart. It was a heart of an 
infant with serious heart problems. This model they gave me was the 
actual human heart reproduced of an infant who was facing surgery. They 
took the MRIs and the CAT scans, put them into a 3D copier, and 
produced this little heart that you could hold in your hand. They were 
able to give that heart to the surgeon to look at before the surgery, 
and they opened it so that the surgeon could look inside that heart 
model--a model which tracked the reality of that infant--and know 
before the surgery what he would find.
  It meant less time on the heart-lung machine, a more likely positive 
recovery. It was the use of technology in engineering to move us 
forward and to give that little baby a fighting chance. So I thank 
Senator Blunt. I want to especially thank my colleague Senator Patty 
Murray. She has been a terrific leader in this field, both on the 
appropriations and authorizing committees, and also Senator Lamar 
Alexander.
  I think we have all come to conclude that regardless of how much time 
we have in the Senate, we should leave a mark that makes a difference. 
When it comes to biomedical research, this year's budget, which Senator 
Blunt referred to, will make a difference. Now, let's make sure it is 
not a one-hit wonder. Let's make sure we do it again in next year's 
budget as well.

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