[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 162 (2016), Part 1]
[Senate]
[Pages 271-273]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                             CLIMATE CHANGE

  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Happy new year. Nothing says ``Happy new year'' like

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the ``Time to Wake Up'' speech, so I will kick off 2016 with my year-
opener ``Time to Wake Up'' speech recapping some of last year's climate 
change milestones.
  They say you only get one chance to make a first impression, and the 
first impression Senate Republicans chose to make in 2015 was to use 
their first 3 weeks of floor time--3 full weeks of precious floor 
time--to help a foreign oil company's tar sands pipeline. Even though 
it meant the government condemning American farms, even though the 
President was sure to veto it, that was their opener.
  By the end of the year, things had changed. The Republican leader was 
burying the votes against the Clean Power Plan deep in the news of the 
terrible Paris massacres and collapsing votes together to minimize 
floor time on this issue. The Republican majority opened 2015 with a 
big oil bang but crept out of the year with a whimper.
  Things indeed changed in 2015. Of course, the scientific evidence 
continued to show that fossil fuel pollution was damaging our 
environment and our oceans and our economy. And 2015 was record-setting 
hot. This chart from November shows that 2015 is on track to being the 
hottest year globally since we began keeping records in 1880. We can 
see that the 2015 running monthly global temperature average is above 
the 6 next warmest years on record in every month for which data is 
available.
  The Director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies estimates 
the probability of 2015 being the hottest on record at better than 99 
percent. He has labeled 2015 a ``scorcher.'' But that won't be official 
until later this month. It is no fluke.
  The World Meteorological Organization reports the recent 5-year 
period--2011 to 2015--as the warmest 5-year period on record, and 2015 
was the first year where monthly global average carbon dioxide 
concentrations exceeded 400 parts per million, and it did so for more 
than 3 months. Bear in mind that for as long as human beings have been 
on this planet Earth, we have existed safely in a range of 170 to 300 
parts per million. We are outside of that by almost the entire range, 
and we know this from ice cores which contain tiny bubbles of ancient 
atmospheres. I saw those ice cores last October at Ohio State 
University. World-renowned atmospheric scientists, the husband-and-wife 
team Dr. Ellen Mosley Thompson and Dr. Lonnie Thompson, worked for 
years to retrieve cores from around the world and to test the ancient 
air captured inside. The lesson of these cores is that humans have 
fundamentally altered the chemistry of the Earth's air and that our 
greenhouse gas emissions are rapidly altering our climate. Scientists 
now say that we have so altered the Earth as to consider ourselves in a 
new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene.
  In 2015, the oceans kept shouting at us to wake up. Throughout 2015, 
evidence continued to document our oceans warming, rising, and 
acidifying. And 2015 brought the first nationwide study assessing the 
vulnerability of America's $1 billion shellfish industry to ocean 
acidification, documenting the risk to 15 coastal States, such as 
Louisiana, Texas, Maine, and Rhode Island.
  The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in October 
reported on climate change's threats to fish integral to human diets, 
predicting a dramatic collapse in the world's largest ecosystem, our 
oceans. The great corrupt denial machine the fossil fuel industry 
supports never talks about oceans. The machine doesn't care about 
evidence; it is just an obstacle to their fossil fuel PR campaign. They 
just want to create phony doubt. But since there is not much room for 
doubt in measurements of warming, rising, and acidifying seas, they 
won't go there. Nevertheless, 2015 was another bad year for oceans.
  Mr. President, 2015 was also the year journalists, academics, and 
investigators took a hard look at that big, phony climate denial 
apparatus. The year 2015 brought reports that Exxon knew climate change 
was real but funded the climate denial apparatus anyway, reports of how 
fossil fuel money influenced the front groups' language, and reports 
about hidden money and networks of influence and fossil fuel money 
controlling politics. Report after report showed fossil fuel money 
pouring into dozens of front groups, creating phony doubt and 
controversy, then propagated through media outlets also in the tank to 
the fossil fuel industry, such as FOX News and the Wall Street Journal 
editorial page.
  If you doubt that climate change is real, you have been had. It is 
really that simple. It is a racket. And 2015 was the year when many 
voices began asking for a racketeering investigation into a fraud of 
historic proportions.
  Mr. President, 2015 was a year of growing public recognition across 
America of the need to act. A 2015 Stanford poll found that 83 percent 
of Americans, including 6 in 10 Republicans, want action to reduce 
carbon emissions. For the first time, a majority of self-identified 
Republicans now believe there is solid evidence of global warming. And 
if you take out the loopy Tea Party cohort, among sensible Republicans, 
the number goes even higher. Among young Republican voters--Republican 
voters under age 35--most said they would describe a climate denier as 
``ignorant,'' ``out of touch,'' or ``crazy.''
  In 2015, the EPA launched the Clean Power Plan, our Nation's most 
ambitious effort yet. It is the first-ever plan to reduce carbon 
pollution from the largest source of U.S. carbon emissions: 
powerplants. The Clean Power Plan is projected to both cut carbon 
emissions and save Americans money on their annual energy bills.
  In 2015, the Obama administration at last rejected the Keystone XL 
Pipeline--a great victory for the environmental movement after the 
400,000-person climate march in New York City. In 2015, Pope Francis--
the world leader of the Catholic Church--added his holy voice to the 
call.
  ``Humanity,'' Pope Francis said, ``is called . . . to combat this 
warming or at least the human causes which produce or aggravate it.'' 
Specifically, the Pope said, ``[T]echnology based on the use of highly 
polluting fossil fuels, needs to be progressively replaced without 
delay.''
  Pope Francis's encyclical said something to Congress:

       To take up these responsibilities, and the costs they 
     entail, politicians will inevitably clash with the mindset of 
     short-term gain and results which dominates present-day 
     economics and politics. But if they are courageous, they will 
     attest to their God-given dignity and leave behind a 
     testimony of selfless responsibility.

  And 2015 showed some signs of political courage, dignity, and 
responsibility. Republican Congressman Bob Inglis took a beating at the 
hands of the fossil fuel industry, but he did not give up the fight. 
Our colleague Lindsey Graham ran for the Republican nomination on a 
sensible climate change platform. He and other Senate colleagues have 
started a little Senate Republican study group. Twelve House 
Republicans, led by Congressman Chris Gibson of New York, broke with 
their party's Orthodoxy and sponsored a resolution committing to 
address climate change by promoting ingenuity, innovation, and 
exceptionalism. It is not much yet, but it is a start. It is a turn.
  Perhaps the biggest milestone of 2015 was the Paris agreement reached 
in December, with 190 countries agreeing to a global deal to address 
climate change. One key element was that more than 150 major U.S. 
companies signed on to the American Business Act on Climate Pledge, 
calling for strong outcomes in the Paris climate negotiations. These 
companies' operations together span all 50 States, they employ nearly 
11 million people, they represent more than $4.2 trillion in annual 
revenue, and they have a combined market capitalization of over $7 
trillion. These are blue-chip American icons such as AT&T of Texas, 
Coca-Cola and UPS of Georgia, Procter & Gamble of Ohio, and Walmart of 
Arkansas. How long can Republicans ignore them?
  You know the phrase about lipstick on a pig? Well, 2015 brought so 
much change that even the big fossil fuel pigs felt they had to try on 
a little lipstick. Typical of them, it was bogus--just enough happy 
talk about climate change and carbon fees to get the CEOs

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through a Davos cocktail party without being shunned, while here in 
Congress, their whole brutal political apparatus, up to and including 
the U.S. Chamber of Commerce--which these days should probably be 
called the U.S. Chamber of Carbon--kept relentlessly hammering against 
any prospect of meaningful climate legislation. Real or not, it is 
noteworthy that the big oil tycoons at least felt the need for some 
lipstick.
  Speaking of piggy, 2015 was also the year the International Monetary 
Fund calculated the effective public subsidy of the fossil fuel 
industry at $700 billion per year just in the United States alone. 
Remember when the costs of carbon pollution are not factored into the 
price, those costs become a public subsidy--a market failure. This 
subsidy climbs into the trillions of dollars worldwide. If that is not 
piggy, nothing is.
  My biggest prayer for 2016 is the American business coalition from 
Paris helping Republican colleagues acknowledge publicly what many have 
concluded privately; that it is time for Congress to address climate 
change. If Republicans can get some relief from the brutal political 
pressure of the fossil fuel industry, there are conservative-friendly 
solutions at hand. Every Republican who has thought this problem 
through to a solution comes to the same place, every one. Former 
Treasury Secretary and Secretary of State George Shultz, President 
Reagan's economic adviser Art Laffer, President George W. Bush's 
Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson, and his Council of Economic Advisers 
Chair Greg Mankiw, former Congressman Bob Inglis, and many others, all 
advocated last year that a carbon fee is the efficient way to correct 
the market failure that lets the fossil fuel industry pollute for free. 
Four former Republican EPA Administrators, Bill Ruckelshaus, Christine 
Todd Whitman, Lee Thomas, and Bill Reilly, wrote: ``A market-based 
approach, like a carbon tax, would be the best path to reducing 
greenhouse-gas emissions.''
  Even a columnist at the Wall Street Journal, whose editorial page is 
notoriously fossil fuel friendly, wrote: ``There's no dispute among 
economists on the most cost-effective way to [reduce emissions]: a 
carbon tax.''
  Well, we have one. In 2015, the conservative American Enterprise 
Institute hosted the announcement of my legislation with Senator 
Schatz, creating a revenue-neutral carbon fee, with none--zero--of the 
revenues kept by the Federal Government but instead being used to 
provide massive corporate tax reductions and personal tax rebates. We 
have gone to exactly where Republicans are pointing. So please, 
colleagues, take yes for an answer. Join us, and let's get to work.
  Mr. President, 2015 was a year the tide turned in Congress, from that 
opening Keystone Pipeline political fanfare to the buried, quiet, end-
of-the-year votes on the President's Clean Power Plan, with three 
Republicans even voting to support President Obama on those votes. It 
was a turning year and a new year now begins. We still need to wake up. 
We still need to get to work. We still have a duty before us, and it is 
a duty we should not shirk. I pray that 2016 will be the year, and I 
promise to do everything in my power to make it the year.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

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