[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 159 (2013), Part 5]
[Senate]
[Pages 6882-6884]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                       DISAPPEARING MIDDLE CLASS

  Mr. SANDERS. Madam President, yesterday the nonpartisan Congressional 
Budget Office, the CBO, estimated that this year's budget deficit will 
be 24 percent lower than it was projected just a few months ago. That 
is very good news for our country. Let's not forget that just 5 or so 
years ago when President Obama came into office in January 2009, he 
inherited a $1.4 trillion deficit--$1.4 trillion. This was as a result 
of two unpaid-for wars, huge tax breaks for the wealthy and large 
corporations, an unfunded Medicare Part D prescription drug program 
written by the drug and insurance companies and, of course, the 
terrible recession, which resulted in less revenue coming into the 
Federal Government.
  We experienced 4 straight years of deficits above $1 trillion. This 
year the CBO projects the deficit will just be $642 billion. Now, $642 
billion is a lot of money. It is a large deficit. We have to continue 
working on that issue. But, clearly, for a variety of reasons we have 
made substantial progress, and we should be proud of that.
  By 2015, the CBO is projecting that Federal deficit will total just 
2.1 percent of GDP, exactly what those folks involved with Simpson and 
Bowles told us we needed to achieve in order to be fiscally sustainable 
over the long term.
  So the good news is that we have made significant progress on deficit 
reduction. We should be proud of that. However, we must be cognizant 
that we do not place ourselves in a situation in which the operation 
was a success but the patient died. The patient I am talking about, of 
course, is the disappearing middle class, the backbone of this great 
country.
  In other words, while a lot of attention has been focused on deficit 
reduction, which is important, it is high time we started focusing on 
what is happening to tens of millions of working families, people who 
are unemployed, people who are working at very low wage jobs, elderly 
people who cannot afford their prescription drugs, families who cannot 
afford to send their kids to college or provide childcare for their 
young ones.
  My main point today is, let's start focusing on the issue of most 
importance to the vast majority of the American people; that is, 
creating the millions of jobs we desperately need and making sure 
people have income they can afford to live on with dignity.
  The sad reality is--and we need to focus on these issues--poverty is 
increasing and in many ways the great middle class of this country, 
once the envy of the world, is disappearing. Sadly, the gap between the 
very, very wealthy and everyone else is growing wider and wider.
  We must not have an economy where just the people on top, just the 
multinational corporations do extremely well, while the vast majority 
of the people are struggling to make ends meet.
  Since 1999 the average middle-class family has seen its income go 
down by nearly $5,000 after adjusting for inflation. Median family 
income today is lower than it was in 1996. So all over this country 
people get up in the morning, often husbands and wives, work long 
hours, and they come back and they find out that they are worse off 
financially than they were 10 or 15 years ago.
  When you ask people, why, what direction, how is the country doing, 
they think the country is moving in the wrong direction. That is 
precisely the reason: people are working long hard hours, and they are 
falling further and further behind.
  I understand when we pick up the newspapers they tell us unemployment 
is 7.5 percent. That is one way of looking at unemployment. But if we 
look at it in a more accurate way, including those people who have 
given up looking for work, people who are working part time when they 
want to work full time, real unemployment in this Nation today is 13.9 
percent. It is high time this Congress began addressing that issue. In 
fact, more than 20 million Americans today do not have a full-time job 
when they want to be working full time.
  Another issue that has not received the attention that it deserves is 
youth unemployment. Youth unemployment is especially painful because we 
have young people graduating high school, graduating college, wanting 
to go out and begin their careers, begin their adult lives, and they 
cannot find a job. In some cases if they graduate college, they are 
finding a job which does not require a college degree.
  The youth unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-old workers is 16.2 
percent--16.2 percent. For teenagers the overall unemployment rate is 
25.1 percent. For African-American teens, the number is 43.1 percent.

[[Page 6883]]

  Believe it or not, the United States has now surpassed much of Europe 
in the percentage of young adults without jobs, according to a recent 
article in the New York Times. We have done well for a variety of 
reasons in dealing with deficit reduction, but now it is time to turn 
to those young people throughout this country, kids who are looking 
forward to getting out on their own, earning a living, and help them 
get the kind of jobs they need to succeed in life and to start their 
adult life off in a good direction.
  Each and every year when we talk about young people, we should 
understand that another real tragedy is taking place, and that is 
because of the disappearing middle class and the high cost of college 
education. Some 400,000 high school graduates do not go to college, not 
because they are unqualified but because they cannot afford it. What a 
tragedy that is, to waste all of that intellectual capital. Who knows 
what those kids might do if they are able to get a college degree. But 
now, because of declining incomes for their families and the high cost 
of college education, they are unable to do it. This is an issue on 
which we must also focus.
  From 1969 to 2009, median earnings for male high school graduates 
plummeted by almost 50 percent after adjusting for inflation. Let me 
repeat that. From 1969 to 2009, median earnings for male high school 
graduates plummeted by almost 50 percent after adjusting for inflation. 
Men without a high school education have fared even worse. Their 
inflation-adjusted median earnings have shrunk by nearly two-thirds 
over the past four decades.
  What is that about? Well, what that is about is at one time in this 
country, when people did not have even a high school degree or just a 
high school degree, they could go out and get a job. Maybe that job was 
in a factory. Maybe it was not the greatest job in the world, but if 
they worked in a factory, and especially if they had a union job in 
that factory, they could make a decent wage. They could make it into 
the middle class. But, sadly, those jobs have, to a very significant 
degree, disappeared. We have lost over 50,000 factories in this country 
in the last 10 years millions of decent-paying jobs.
  What opportunities are there now available for young people who just 
graduate high school or may not even graduate high school? At best, at 
best, they are going to work at McDonald's or work at Wal-Mart for 
inadequate wages. But the truth is that many of those young people are 
finding it difficult to obtain any kind of job.
  There is another issue on which we must focus, and that is 
distribution of wealth because at the end of the game, the end of the 
game of economics, we want to know who wins and who loses. Clearly, 
what has been going on in this country in recent years is the people on 
top are doing phenomenally well while the middle class is shrinking and 
poverty is at a very high rate.
  According to a report that came out on April 23, 2013, a couple of 
weeks ago, from the Pew Research Center, all of the new wealth 
generated in this country from 2009 to 2011 went to the top 7 percent 
of American households, while the bottom 93 percent of Americans saw a 
net reduction in their wealth.
  All of the new wealth, from 2009 to 2011, went to the top 7 percent. 
Today, the wealthiest 400 individuals in this country own more wealth 
than the bottom half of America, 150 million people--400 people here, 
150 million there. That is not what this great country was supposed to 
be about.
  Today, one family, the Walton family, the owners of Walmart, is worth 
$100 billion. That is more wealth than the bottom 40 percent of the 
American people. One family owns more wealth than the bottom 40 percent 
of the American people.
  Today the top 1 percent owns 38 percent of all financial wealth, 
while the bottom 60 percent owns 2.3 percent. In case people didn't 
hear that correctly--maybe they are scratching their heads--let me say 
it again. The top 1 percent owns 38 percent of all financial wealth in 
this country, while the bottom 60 percent owns 2.3 percent. That gap 
between the billionaires and everybody else is getting wider and wider 
and wider. In fact, as Warren Buffett has pointed out, we are seeing a 
massive shift of wealth from the middle class to the billionaire class.
  Warren Buffett pointed out recently that the 400 wealthiest Americans 
are now worth a recordbreaking $1.7 trillion, more than five times what 
they were worth two decades ago.
  Meanwhile, according to a June 2012 study from the Federal Reserve, 
median net worth of middle-class families dropped by nearly 40 percent 
from 2007 to 2010. What we are seeing is a massive shifting of wealth 
from the middle class, from the working class of this country, to the 
people on top. That gap between the very wealthy and everybody else is 
now wider than it has been since the 1920s and wider than any major 
country on Earth.
  What is my point? My point is that deficit reduction is important. We 
must continue to focus on it. We cannot forget about the economic 
reality facing the men, women, and children of this country, facing 
senior citizens of this country. It is high time we began to address 
some of the major economic problems we face.
  In terms of job creation, most economists will tell you the fastest 
way to create jobs is to put Americans back to work rebuilding our 
crumbling infrastructure. In my State of Vermont and in States all over 
this country, there is a desperate need to repair and rebuild our 
roads, bridges, dams, culverts, sewers, schools, and affordable 
housing. If we do this, if we start investing in our infrastructure, 
making sure broadband is accessible in every area in this country, cell 
phone service is available in every area of this country, rebuilding 
our roads, bridges, rail, we will make this Nation more productive. At 
the same time we can put millions of people back to work at all kinds 
of work.
  The American Society of Civil Engineers has graded America's roads, 
public transit, and aviation infrastructure with a D-plus. They say we 
must invest $1.6 trillion more than we are currently planning to spend 
on infrastructure over the next 7 years just to get a passable 
condition. When we make that investment, we improve life in America. 
People do not have to go over potholes. Bridges do not have to be 
closed. We can develop a first-rate rail system to compete with Europe, 
Japan, China, and we can create jobs doing that.
  The second point, in terms of job creation, is we can create 
significant numbers of jobs transforming our energy system away from 
fossil fuel, into energy efficiency, and such sustainable energies as 
wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. When we do that we begin to start 
addressing the planetary crisis of global warming, we begin to cut back 
on greenhouse gas emissions, and we create good-paying jobs.
  Thirdly, we have got to take a hard look at our disastrous trade 
policy, which for many years has been corporate America's policy, and a 
policy of Republicans and Democrats alike. Despite all of the evidence 
that unfettered free trade has resulted in the loss of millions of 
decent-paying jobs in this country, as corporations shut down here, 
move to China, Vietnam, and other low-wage countries, we still have 
Democrats and Republicans coming forward doing the bidding of corporate 
America so these companies can get cheap labor abroad while increasing 
unemployment in this country. We have got to take a hard look at our 
trade policies.
  I know every election campaign, 2 weeks before the election, all the 
candidates have ads on television bashing China and ads on television 
talking about trade policy. Somehow the day after the election 
everybody forgets it. Whether it is a Democratic President, whether it 
is a Republican President, whether it is a Republican House or whether 
it is a Democratic Senate, we still continue moving down the road of 
these disastrous trade policies. That means NAFTA, CAFTA, and permanent 
normal trade relations with China. We have to take a hard look and 
rethink those policies.
  The last point I want to make is that while making progress on 
deficit reduction, we have got to be appreciative that some of the 
people on whom we have balanced the budget are some of

[[Page 6884]]

the most vulnerable people in this country. While one out of four major 
corporations pays nothing in taxes, while corporations are stashing 
their money in the Cayman Islands, Bermuda, and other tax havens, we 
have made devastating cuts in programs that people can ill afford. As a 
result of sequestration, this is what is happening in the real world. 
At a time when over 20 million Americans are unemployed or 
underemployed, unemployment insurance checks, which average about $300 
a week--try living on $300 a week--are being cut by 10.7 percent. In 
other words, those who are out of work, through no fault of their own, 
are having their unemployment benefits reduced by more than $32 a week 
on average. Now $32 here is what people spend for lunch. If you are a 
working family and you are unemployed, $32 is a question of whether you 
buy food for the kids. We have got to replace that loss.
  At a time when early childhood education is more important than ever, 
when we do an abysmal job in terms of childcare and preschool education 
already, as a result of sequestration 70,000 kids are losing access to 
Head Start and Early Head Start Programs. That is unacceptable.
  I am chairman of the subcommittee which deals with aging, and I can 
tell you that millions of seniors right now are struggling, figuring 
out how to pay their food bills, buy their prescription drugs, and keep 
warm in the wintertime. At a time when food insecurity is skyrocketing 
as a result of sequestration, tens of thousands of senior citizens have 
been denied access to the Meals On Wheels Program. Meals On Wheels is a 
program that goes to the weakest, most fragile, most vulnerable people 
in this country, elderly people who cannot get out of their homes. 
Meals are delivered to them. For these people, this is a question of 
life or death, whether they are going to live with a modicum of 
dignity. Those programs have been cut as a result of sequestration.
  At a time when millions of Americans cannot afford the cost of 
housing, 140,000 low-income families, primarily seniors with 
disabilities and families with kids, are losing rental assistance 
because of cuts to the section 202 elderly housing program, the section 
811 disabled housing program, and a number of other affordable housing 
programs.
  At a time when the cost of a college education is becoming 
increasingly out of reach for working families, 70,000 college 
students, as a result of sequestration, are losing Federal work-study 
grants. Some of them will not be able to stay in college.
  At a time when 45,000 Americans will die this year because they don't 
have access to health care, sequestration has forced doctors in cancer 
clinics to deny chemotherapy treatments to thousands of patients 
because of a 2-percent cut to Medicare providers.
  LIHEAP, which is the Low Income Heating Energy Assistance Program, 
very important to the State of Vermont, is being cut by $180 million, 
meaning people will go cold next winter.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator has expired.
  Mr. SANDERS. Let me conclude by saying we have made progress on 
deficit reduction, and that is good. Now it is time to pay attention to 
the needs of working families all over this country and put people back 
to work.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Indiana.
  Mr. COATS. Madam President, may I inquire as to how much time I am 
allowed on morning business?
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. There are 10-minute allotments for the 
Senators.

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