[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 159 (2013), Part 13]
[House]
[Pages 19113-19117]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                           HONEST REFLECTION

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 3, 2013, the Chair recognizes the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. 
Jackson Lee) for 30 minutes.
  Ms. JACKSON LEE. I thank the Speaker for yielding, and I thank the 
leader, Leader Pelosi, for the time and, as well, the Speaker.
  It is always appropriate when we rise in this wonderful holiday 
season to wish Americans of all faiths a wonderful and blessed time 
with their families, to wish my colleagues a wonderful time with their 
families, and to reflect a moment on the greatness of this country that 
has experienced its challenges, of which I believe the Members of this 
body and the other body are committed to solving.
  But I thought it was important today, as we leave for the recess in 
our districts where we will be engaging with our constituents--and this 
coming Saturday I will hold the 19th annual Toys for Kids that I have 
hosted for the past 19 years at the George R. Brown Convention Center, 
a way of giving back, but a way of hearing the joys and sounds of 
children enjoying themselves.
  So I would like to make this time that I have, these few minutes, a 
time of joy and happiness. But I also think we must be honest, and it 
should be a time of confronting reality and the truth. And so I wanted 
to go back for a moment on work that was just accomplished just a few 
hours ago, when this body voted on a proposal that was given by the 
negotiators to the House and will be given again to the Senate on the 
bipartisan Budget Act of 2013.
  As many Americans know, we experienced a horrific shutdown just a few 
weeks ago, unwarranted, bearing no results, and hurting millions of 
people around the Nation. I remember coming to the floor some 56 times 
to ask my Republican friends to cease and desist and to open the 
government, open the government. So I understand the frustration and 
exhaustion of the American people and our hardworking Federal employees 
who could take it no more and asked for some minimal way to avoid the 
atrocious and catastrophic closing of the government on the basis of 
whim and opposition to an established law, the Affordable Care Act.
  So what came of it was an additional $1.012 trillion that would be 
spent over fiscal year 2014 and 2015, and what would allow the 
restoration of Head Start seats that were lost, child care, housing 
assistance, educational dollars for higher education, research dollars, 
the same needs that I expressed during the shutdown that were being 
denied, the addition of these dollars, minimal that they were, but 
enough to give us a boost over last year's expenditures, and to save 
some of the needs that Americans had that were lost. I support that and 
congratulate that step made. And it got us past sequester, which was 
trickery that was offered as a hammer over a commission and committee 
that was supposed to design a grand bargain of moving America forward.
  But what we also obtained in this Budget Act, although painful, was 
the maintenance of our Social Security and Medicare for our seniors and 
the assurance that those funds would not be tampered with, and that any 
reform would include the widespread opportunity for Members to engage 
their seniors and others who were receiving these benefits so that 
there would be a compliance with the commitment that many of us, such 
as myself, have made--continued protection of Medicare and Social 
Security.
  In the course of that, this Congress has never abandoned the 
unemployed, and so it was proposed by the Democratic conferees to 
include unemployment insurance, and, yes, the SGR that would provide 
seniors with their doctors by fixing the sustainable growth rate.
  That was supposed to be the proposal, Madam Speaker. And tragically,

[[Page 19114]]

in the constructed, contradictory, conflicted, misrepresented bill that 
came to the floor through the Rules Committee, they, with the darkness 
of the night, included the SGR, but they left out the helping of the 
most vulnerable people.
  Twice on the floor today I asked that we not go home so that we could 
go vote on the Levin-Van Hollen-Lee amendment that would have restored 
and would have been paid for, the unemployment insurance.
  I continue to ask tonight that we not go home or that we be called 
back to ensure that that insurance continues. I intend to introduce 
legislation very quickly to require the Congress to come back and for 
there to be an independent up-or-down vote on actually restoring the 
unemployment insurance so that it would not expire on December 28 and, 
as well, for that legislation to be passed by the Senate and signed by 
the President.
  I would also respectfully ask, humbly in this holiday season, as the 
President has done often, to please continue to push the House and the 
Senate to return in order to make a difference.
  Let me pause for a moment and share with you why this is so 
important. The uninsured are not criminals. And let me clarify, those 
who are not getting unemployment insurance are not criminals, as I 
heard a Member on the other side of the aisle, the Republican chair of 
the Budget Committee, indicating that they had stopped criminals from 
getting unemployment insurance. I thought that was the most dastardly 
statement that could ever be said in the history of the Congress.
  I am shocked. I don't know and I have not run into criminals who are 
getting unemployment insurance, but I will tell you that 1.3 million 
jobless workers will lose their unemployment benefits on December 28, 
2013.
  Please remember that these are individuals who have worked. This is 
not a handout. They have worked and they paid for insurance, or they 
have benefits through their work that would warrant insurance that 
would cover them when they were unemployed and looking for work.
  A number or a figure was given by my friend and colleague, 
Congressman Levin, who said when the Walmart opened in this area for 
600 jobs, Madam Speaker, 23,000 people applied. Does that suggest they 
are criminals or people who don't want to work?
  In 2014, 3.6 million workers will lose access to benefits because of 
the lack of action of this Congress. In Texas, 68,900 jobless workers 
will lose their unemployment benefits on the 28th, and an additional 
106,900 in 2014.
  The unemployment rates have improved, but nationally, they are 7 
percent. And the minimum weekly benefits available in Texas are such 
that I can assure you it would not break the bank.
  So I am committed. The pain is deep in many of us that we would close 
these doors and not, for a moment, have a solution to the unemployment 
benefits. So many Members have worked on it.
  The hearing was held last week by the Democratic Leader and 
Democratic Members, listening to the pain of many. But I can move the 
numbers up to 50. If we went on the streets and found 50 unemployed, 
our stories would be so moving it would bring tears to our eyes.

                              {time}  2115

  It is not as if we had overdone it: for this Congress, led by the 
Republicans, who passed only 57 bills compared to 2010's 258, 2011's 
90, and 2009's 125. So there is plenty of time to do some work. And the 
reason why I think this is so potent is because this is in the backdrop 
of my having the honor and privilege of joining my fellow colleagues, 
members of the Congressional Black Caucus, the Congressman from 
Illinois, the Senator from Texas, to go to the memorial of Madiba, 
Nelson Mandela.
  We spoke about him just a few hours ago on the floor of the House, 
but I just want to make mention of him again, holding a candlelight 
service that was held in Houston, Texas, and to, again, thank of many 
of those involved in the apartheid movement. There are two names that I 
want to put in the Record, Representative Al Edwards and former council 
member Jew Don Boney. There were many others, but I wanted to express 
my appreciation to them, along with Deloyd Parker and the SHAPE 
community family who have been entrenched in issues of justice and 
freedom and were clearly wrapped around the issue of eliminating 
apartheid.
  And to pay tribute to my colleague from Texas, the Honorable Mickey 
Leland, who as well worked with Bill Gray and then the Congressional 
Black Caucus to be the voice and conscience that lifted up the 
antiapartheid movement in Congress with the passage of the sanctions 
bill that was joined in by the United States Senate, the other body, as 
was mentioned earlier.
  But I mention that because the service was so moving. The President's 
words were potent and eloquent and were cited by the South African 
press as the most significant tribute of that day. Thank you, President 
Obama.
  But it also reminded us, in his words, that it called upon all of us 
to walk in his footsteps and to be reminded of the needs of the 
vulnerable and always, as John Lewis, my friend from Georgia, says, get 
in the way of what is not good to make it good.
  It was not good for this Congress to leave and not do what was right, 
and that is the passage of the unemployment insurance. So I want to 
call upon my colleagues to push toward this floor and the Republican 
Speaker to find a way to undo the trickery of the Rules Committee to 
put in the sustainable growth rate, the SGR, and not put into the rule 
the opportunity to give unemployment insurance to the needy and the 
desperate and people who have worked who are not looking for a handout. 
And that would be the intent of my legislation, to make the point that 
we should be here, to make the point that we can pass it.
  And I want to thank the Democratic leadership for putting in the 
previous question, the vote for us to go on record that we are appalled 
and outraged that December 28 will come without extending the 
unemployment insurance. It does not make any sense.
  And for the spirited, emotional time that I have, it is well worth it 
to say, I was there and to be there and to watch head of state after 
head of state and to see the joy in that massive stadium and to listen 
to the songs of the people of South Africa in the dialect and language 
that is so beautiful and to match it with the voices of the choir 
behind Kirk Franklin, a Texan, to say that we are in your hands. To be 
able to put all of that together and then come back and not in the 
spirit of Nelson Mandela, who believed in the importance of being 
courageous, we find ourselves with no unemployment insurance.
  So I believe that there are things that we left undone, and I look to 
have us come and to fix them, but I also want to join as the cochair of 
the Congressional Children's Caucus to be able to acknowledge the loved 
ones who now have come at almost a year. They will do so on December 
14. And on December 14, in Houston, the mothers that demand action 
will, at 3:30 in the afternoon, be lighting candles and mourning the 
tragedy of Sandy Hook.
  How unacceptable to note that we have not been able to pass 
comprehensive gun safety laws, that we have not been able to deal with 
the universal background check. In actuality, we have done nothing.
  So maybe this will raise a concern of my colleagues to know that gun 
violence has killed children and continues to kill them every day in 
America. A .45 caliber pistol killed Lucas Higgins, 3, on Memorial Day 
last year in his Ohio home. It had been temporarily hidden under the 
couch by his father when he found it and shot himself through the right 
eye. His mother called 911 and said, It is bad.
  A few days later, in Georgia, Cassie Culpepper, 11, was riding in the 
back of a pickup truck with her 12-year-old brother and two other 
children. Her brother started playing with a pistol his father had lent 
him to scare coyotes. He thought he had removed all the bullets; and, 
tragically, it fired and blood poured from Cassie's mouth.

[[Page 19115]]

  In Houston, a group of youth found a Glock pistol and shot a 15-year-
old; or at a party, 19 were shot, and two teenagers were dead; or the 
tragedy of the killing of Braveon Terry, who was shot a few weeks ago, 
a Jack Yates High School student.
  So I mourn with the Sandy Hook families for those that they have lost 
because tragically 31,537 people die from gun violence annually. Those 
injured, 71,000. It looks as if we can find a way to be able to stop 
this violence.
  So I want to, in tribute to those families who mourn--maybe someone 
looking will look at this heart that is on the Web site, the Sandy Hook 
families where it names every one of those who lost their lives through 
a crazed gunman with guns, guns, who shot his mother and emphasize the 
need for mental health and the need for the securing of guns, the need 
for universal background checks, not gun control but gun regulation to 
be able to save lives. To those families, I pray with you and mourn 
with you.
  That is not all that was left undone. For I have, over the years, 
introduced legislation every year on reauthorizing the juvenile block 
grant, as well in preventing bullying and intervening. The bill, H.R. 
2585, the Juvenile Accountability Block Grant Reauthorization and the 
Bullying Prevention and Intervention Act of 2013, to allow under the 
juvenile block grants pointedly directing communities across America to 
address the question of the prevention of bullying and, as well, 
intervention.
  One in seven students in grades K through 12 is either a bully or a 
victim of bullying; 90 percent of fourth to eighth grade students 
report being victims of bullying of some type, and 90 percent of 
students have personally witnessed some type of bullying. And 70 
percent of students report incidents of bullying.
  I believe that we are called upon. There is a cry to help the 
families in Sandy Hook and to be able to intervene in a child's life to 
ensure that they do not suffer from the siege of gun violence or the 
siege of bullying that occurs in the Nation's schools and community.
  I must take note that on December 10, the same day as the memorial 
for our dear Madiba, was Human Rights Day. As a member of the Human 
Rights Commission here in the United States Congress, I want to 
acknowledge that human rights have become essential to the global 
conversation regarding peace, security, and development. And tying it 
in to all that I have said, human rights in America calls for us to be 
as concerned for the vulnerable who are unemployed without unemployment 
insurance. It calls for us to do more in terms of a budget that looks 
to lift America, to create jobs, to provide for child care and Head 
Start and education.
  Human rights calls for us to stamp out the cancer, if you will, the 
devastation of gun violence and violence by children, against children, 
using guns. It calls for us to act with a greater humanity toward our 
seniors. It calls for us as well to respond to the call by the 
families, the families who are fasting and immediately move to passing 
comprehensive immigration reform. That is what human rights is all 
about.
  And over the years--almost two decades--I have introduced a 
comprehensive immigration reform bill. But I am ready to be able to ask 
that H.R. 15, which is a bipartisan initiative proposed by the members 
of the Democratic Caucus and, as well, the bipartisan legislation that 
has been signed onto by Republicans and Democrats that has been 
introduced with over 180 to 190 sponsors, a simple bill that has the 
Senate language and H.R. 1417 combined to make a parallel bill, H.R. 
1417, a bipartisan initiative passed out of homeland security that I 
helped author and drew Republican and Democratic votes.
  The question is, are we going to leave behind mothers who are torn 
away from children who are being deported because we have not passed 
comprehensive immigration reform? Every day in my office, there are 
those who desperately call and show up for very meritorious cases, 
cases that, because of the backlog, because of the inability to get 
into the courthouse, they would have been rendered to be nondeportable. 
They would have been able to stay with their families. But, one, we 
don't have a matrix of laws. And these people are vulnerable because 
they don't have the access to the courts, the representation that is 
necessary to plead their case.
  Today in the Judiciary, we held a hearing on whether we were abusing 
asylum. Asylum is for people who are fleeing persecution. There is no 
evidence that any of those people in large numbers of any kind are 
abusing the asylum request; but if we could get a comprehensive 
approach that we would include H-1B visas, we would help out DREAMers, 
the very same young people that come into my office who are brilliant, 
valedictorians and leaders of their community, and yet they are being 
denied. We are losing the brain power of America because we do not have 
comprehensive immigration reform.
  So it is a crisis long overdue that should be addressed. And the 
families that were fasting that have dismantled their tents today, who 
came to this Congress on the steps, the east steps pleading with this 
Congress, pleading. It disturbs me that it seems that we can't listen 
to the pleading hearts. We have turned our shoulders, turned our backs. 
I would simply hope that in the litany of things that I have offered 
that we could come to some solution.
  Let me quickly mention the issues of education and needs in my own 
district. I want the children of our school districts to come and feel 
welcomed and loved. And one instruction that I have to my friends who 
work so hard in education in my own community--listening to a principal 
that was arrested from Shady Dale Elementary School for theft, 
tragically. But that principal replaced a good principal that was not 
retained by the school district.
  Or two individuals involved with Wheatley High School--the same high 
school that Barbara Jordan went to--and, tragically, they were arrested 
for drug possession, cocaine and marijuana. I make no judgment on that, 
except it removed them from the very same school that the principal 
that the children loved was fired from, or removed from.
  And look what we came to. Individuals who were arrested for drug 
possession who had to be removed from the school--one who was the 
principal, one who was over principals. And another individual who had 
to be removed from an elementary school whose beloved principal was 
taken away.
  Madam Speaker, the list of challenges that I have given is not 
without the recognition that we live in the greatest country in the 
world, and we are able to do most of what we put our minds to.
  I want my colleagues to have a wonderful holiday season; but at the 
same time, I did not want to leave here without expressing the 
commitment of so many and myself that we must have a love of humanity. 
We must live the Human Rights International Day that was celebrated on 
December 10. We must be the defender of human rights.

                              {time}  2130

  We must ensure that the economic, social, cultural, civil, and 
political rights around the world and in the United States are 
protected. We must reach out to those souls who languish here in the 
United States--11 million--who need to have us address the issue of 
their dignity and their status.
  We must stop the unending deportation that is unfairly ripping 
children from mothers and fathers.
  We must pay attention to the mourning families at Sandy Hook and 
respond to their pain in their name and the many others who have died 
by gun violence. Pass the universal background check.
  And we must ensure, again, that we protect those who cannot speak for 
themselves.
  My closing words are, again, let us come back to extend the 
unemployment insurance. Let us move quickly to pass comprehensive 
immigration reform. Let us protect our seniors and our soldiers, and 
let us go home to register and enroll as many uninsured Americans who 
need health care as

[[Page 19116]]

possible. Congratulations on the now 1 million-plus that are enrolled.
  Let us be sure to remember that there are others who suffer during 
this season. We can be tasked with making their lives better by coming 
together as a Congress and answering their call from the array of 
issues that I have brought to this Congress and this body tonight. I 
ask for us to act.
  With that, Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
  Madam Speaker, today I rise to honor and remember each of the 26 
victims of the tragic shootings at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in 
Newtown, Connecticut one year ago on Saturday, December 14, 2013.
  As the Founder and Co-Chair of the Congressional Children's Caucus 
and a senior Member of the Judiciary Committee, I have listened to the 
tragic testimony of individuals who have survived or lost loved ones as 
a result of gun violence.
  The community and the families directly impacted continue to reel 
from the inconceivable tragedy that took place at Sandy Hook Elementary 
on December 14, 2012.
  The story of Sandy Hook was particularly frightening and 
heartbreaking for those of us who are parents or grandparents.
  Our hearts still ache with sadness and disbelief for the families and 
loved ones of the children and women who lost their lives in this 
senseless act of violence.
  This remembrance of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting one 
year ago should recognize and applaud the heroic efforts made by the 
teachers, administrators, and law enforcement officials who acted 
quickly to secure and protect the lives of the children who survived 
this deadly encounter.
  This tragedy unlike any other in recent memory touched so many hearts 
and minds both in the United States and around the world that this 
remembrance is particularly poignant.
  The parents and grandparents who dropped off their children and 
grandchildren in the early morning hours of December 14, 2012, could 
never have imagined that by 10 a.m. on that morning they would face 
this tragedy.
  The deaths at Sandy Hook as well as those at Aurora and Columbine 
will be etched in our collective memories.
  The Nation was united in grief one year ago over the Sandy Hook 
tragedy and many of us who have strongly advocated for sensible gun 
safety laws throughout our service in Congress thought that the time 
had arrived when policymakers, parents, teachers, and law enforcement 
could work to reduce gun related deaths.
  We could all agree that the tragedy should not have occurred; 
unfortunately we could not find agreement on a new national gun policy 
to reduce gun related violence in the United States.
  We must join together in recognizing that gun violence on the scale 
of Sandy Hook can happen in any community and delaying tactics by the 
gun lobby will only allow another tragedy to occur.
  We must immediately begin to address the underlying problems of gun 
violence that would lead a young man to take up arms against 
defenseless women and children.


                   Finding solution to gun tragedies.

  We must look at the tragedy of gun violence and the need for mental 
health services.
  The lack of accessible and affordable mental health care is something 
that is being addressed by the Affordable Care Act, but more needs to 
be done to reduce and prevent gun violence. However, this is not to 
equate mental illness with violence.
  The Affordable Care Act takes a positive step forward to address the 
issue of mental illness and access to care by making it a requirement 
that all healthcare plans contain care for mental illness and substance 
abuse.
   Because of the health care law, for the first time insurance 
companies in the individual and small group market are required to 
cover mental health and substance use disorder services as one of ten 
categories of essential health benefits. Additionally, they must cover 
these services at parity with medical and surgical benefits (which 
means things like out-of-pocket costs for behavioral health services 
must generally be comparable to coverage for medical and surgical 
care).
  The Affordable Care Act expands mental health and substance use 
disorder benefits and parity protections for approximately 60 million 
Americans. That's one of the largest expansions of mental health and 
substance use disorder coverage in a generation.
  Further, the White House announced a $100 million commitment to 
improve access to mental health services.
  The Affordable Care Act will provide $50 million to assist community 
centers to provide more mental health services. The Department of 
Agriculture will provide $50 million to finance rural mental health 
facilities.
  The health care law requires most health plans to cover recommended 
preventive services like depression screenings for adults and 
behavioral assessments for children at no cost to consumers.
  Beginning in 2014, the Affordable Care Act prohibits insurance 
companies from denying coverage or increasing charges to people due to 
pre-existing health conditions, including mental illnesses.
  In the State of Texas it is expected that 5,189,000 people will now 
have access to mental health and substance abuse assistance programs.
  The link between certain mental illnesses and violence is rare, but 
the work to provide people in need of care should not be solely 
motivated by concerns regarding violence.
  Often those who suffer from mental illness are more likely to be 
victims of violence or cause harm to themselves.
  The real threat of gun violence comes from those who have guns in 
their lives and in their homes.
  The tragedy of Sandy Hook took us all by surprise, but there are 
hundreds of other tragedies around the nation that involve children who 
become victims of gun violence.
  Annually in the United States there are over 30,000 gun related 
deaths, but too often we do not focus on how many of these deaths are 
children.
  No other nation has this level of gun violence per-capita as the 
United States unless they were actively engaged in a civil war or 
conflict with another nation.
  The total number of deaths associated with 13 years of war in both 
Afghanistan and Iraq is 6778 service men and women.
  Each of their deaths we mourn as a nation as we work to bring to an 
end military action.
  These men and women died to keep us safe. We should work to make them 
safe when they return home.
  I read with heartache the September 28, New York Times article, 
``Children and Guns: The Hidden Toll,'' published in September of this 
year.
  Some of the stories were tragic as they were familiar to those of us 
who work to reduce gun violence.
  Lucas Heagren, 3 years old, killed by a gun he found where his father 
temporarily hid it under a couch.
  Days later, Cassie Culpepper, age 11, who was shot and killed by her 
brother who thought a gun his father gave him to scare coyotes was 
unloaded.
  A few weeks later Alex Whitfield, age 11 was killed by a Glock pistol 
found in a closet by a 15-year-old.
  These children are the hidden victims of a nation obsessed with guns 
at almost any cost.
  The children of gun violence may be any child or grandchild--
including your own.
  They may be from any home found in any neighborhood or rural 
community in this nation.
  The tragedies of gun deaths of children are not just what your child 
knows about gun safety, but more often what another child with access 
to a firearm does not know.
  More important is the lack of gun safety knowledge among adults which 
is a factor in far too many gun related child deaths.
  Many deaths of children who are victims of guns are not part of 
official federal records.
  The New York Times report found over 259 accidental firearm deaths of 
children under the age of 15 spanning several years.
  These numbers are about twice as many as were reported in federal 
statistics for the same time period.
  For example, gun related federal death statistics would not include 
Caroline Starks age 2 who was killed by her 5-year-old brother who was 
playing with his ``Cricket'' .22 rifle a gun designed specifically for 
children.

               [From the New York Times, Sept. 28, 2013]

                   Children and Guns: The Hidden Toll

                   (By Michael Luo and Mike McIntire)

       The .45-caliber pistol that killed Lucas Heagren, 3, on 
     Memorial Day last year at his Ohio home had been temporarily 
     hidden under the couch by his father. But Lucas found it and 
     shot himself through the right eye. ``It's bad,'' his mother 
     told the 911 dispatcher. ``It's really bad.''
       A few days later in Georgia, Cassie Culpepper, 11, was 
     riding in the back of a pickup with her 12-year-old brother 
     and two other children. Her brother started playing with a 
     pistol his father had lent him to scare coyotes. Believing he 
     had removed all the bullets, he pointed the pistol at his 
     sister and squeezed the trigger. It fired, and blood poured 
     from Cassie's mouth.
       Just a few weeks earlier, in Houston, a group of youths 
     found a Glock pistol in an apartment closet while searching 
     for snack money. A 15-year-old boy was handling the gun when 
     it went off. Alex Whitfield, who had just turned 11, was 
     struck. A relative

[[Page 19117]]

     found the bullet in his ashes from the funeral home.
       Cases like these are among the most gut-wrenching of gun 
     deaths. Children shot accidentally--usually by other 
     children--are collateral casualties of the accessibility of 
     guns in America, their deaths all the more devastating for 
     being eminently preventable.
       They die in the households of police officers and drug 
     dealers, in broken homes and close-knit families, on rural 
     farms and in city apartments. Some adults whose guns were 
     used had tried to store them safely; others were grossly 
     negligent. Still others pulled the trigger themselves, 
     accidentally fracturing their own families while cleaning a 
     pistol or hunting.
       And there are far more of these innocent victims than 
     official records show.
       A New York Times review of hundreds of child firearm deaths 
     found that accidental shootings occurred roughly twice as 
     often as the records indicate, because of idiosyncrasies in 
     how such deaths are classified by the authorities. The 
     killings of Lucas, Cassie and Alex, for instance, were not 
     recorded as accidents. Nor were more than half of the 259 
     accidental firearm deaths of children under age 15 identified 
     by The Times in eight states where records were available.
       As a result, scores of accidental killings are not 
     reflected in the official statistics that have framed the 
     debate over how to protect children from guns.
       The National Rifle Association cited the lower official 
     numbers this year in a fact sheet opposing ``safe storage'' 
     laws, saying children were more likely to be killed by falls, 
     poisoning or environmental factors--an incorrect assertion if 
     the actual number of accidental firearm deaths is 
     significantly higher.
       In all, fewer than 20 states have enacted laws to hold 
     adults criminally liable if they fail to store guns safely, 
     enabling children to access them.
       Legislative and other efforts to promote the development of 
     childproof weapons using ``smart gun'' technology have 
     similarly stalled. Technical issues have been an obstacle, 
     but so have N.R.A. arguments that the problem is relatively 
     insignificant and the technology unneeded.
       Because of maneuvering in Congress by the gun lobby and its 
     allies, firearms have also been exempted from regulation by 
     the Consumer Product Safety Commission since its inception.
       Even with a proper count, intentional shooting deaths of 
     children--including gang shootings and murder-suicides by 
     family members--far exceed accidental gun deaths. But 
     accidents, more than the other firearm-related deaths, come 
     with endless hypotheticals about what could have been done 
     differently.
       The rifle association's lobbying arm recently posted on its 
     Web site a claim that adult criminals who mishandle 
     firearms--as opposed to law-abiding gun owners--are 
     responsible for most fatal accidents involving children. But 
     The Times's review found that a vast majority of cases 
     revolved around children's access to firearms, with the 
     shooting either self-inflicted or done by another child.
       A common theme in the cases examined by The Times, in fact, 
     was the almost magnetic attraction of firearms among boys. In 
     all but a handful of instances, the shooter was male. Boys 
     also accounted for more than 80 percent of the victims.
       Time and again, boys could not resist handling a gun, 
     disregarding repeated warnings by adults and, sometimes, 
     their own sense that they were doing something wrong.
       When Joshua Skorczewski, II, took an unloaded 20-gauge 
     shotgun out of the family gun cabinet in western Minnesota on 
     July 28, 2008, it was because he was excited about going to a 
     gun safety class that night and wanted to practice.
       But for reasons that he later struggled to explain to the 
     police, Joshua loaded a single shell into the gun and pulled 
     the hammer back. He decided he should put the gun back, but 
     his finger slipped. It fired, killing his 12-year-old sister, 
     Natasha, who was standing in the kitchen with him. When his 
     mother called from work to check on them, a shaken Joshua 
     told her he had just called 911: ``Mom, I shot Tasha.''
       Christina Wenzel, the mother of Alex Whitfield, had tried 
     to make sure he did not visit anyone's house if guns were 
     present. What she did not know, when Alex went to his 
     father's apartment last April, was that a family member had 
     stored three loaded guns there.
       ``I always thought I had Alex protected from being killed 
     by another child by a gun that was not secured,'' Ms. Wenzel 
     said. ``Unfortunately, I was mistaken.''


                          Undercounting Deaths

       Compiling a complete census of accidental gun deaths of 
     children is difficult, because most states do not consider 
     death certificate data a matter of public record. In a 
     handful of states, however, the information is publicly 
     available. Using these death records as a guide, along with 
     hundreds of medical examiner and coroner reports and police 
     investigative files, The Times sought to identify every 
     accidental firearm death of a child age 14 and under in 
     Georgia, Minnesota, North Carolina and Ohio dating to 1999, 
     and in California to 2007. Records were also obtained from 
     several county medical examiners' offices in Florida, 
     Illinois and Texas.
       The goal, in the end, was an in-depth portrait of 
     accidental firearm deaths of children, one that would shed 
     light on how such killings occur and might be prevented. In 
     all, The Times cataloged 259 gun accidents that killed 
     children ages 14 and younger. The youngest was just 9 months 
     old, shot in his crib.
       In four of the five states--California, Georgia, North 
     Carolina and Ohio--The Times identified roughly twice as many 
     accidental killings as were tallied in the corresponding 
     federal data. In the fifth, Minnesota, there were 50 percent 
     more accidental gun deaths. (The Times excluded some fatal 
     shootings, like pellet gun accidents, that are normally 
     included in the federal statistics.)
       The undercount stems from the peculiarities by which 
     medical examiners and coroners make their ``manner of death'' 
     rulings. These pronouncements, along with other information 
     entered on death certificates, are the basis for the nation's 
     mortality statistics, which are assembled by the National 
     Center for Health Statistics, a division of the Centers for 
     Disease Control and Prevention. Choosing among five options--
     homicide, accidental, suicide, natural or undetermined--most 
     medical examiners and coroners simply call any death in which 
     one person shoots another a homicide.

                             Gun Statistics


    Number of persons killed by guns in the 12 months after Newtown

       31,537 people die from gun violence annually:
       11,583 people are murdered.
       18,783 people kill themselves.
       584 people are killed accidentally.
       334 are killed by police intervention.
       252 die but intent is not known.


               Number of Persons Injured by Gun Violence

       71,386 people survive gun injuries:
       51,249 people are injured in an attack.
       3,627 people survive a suicide attempt.
       15,815 people are shot accidentally.
       694 people are shot by police intervention.
       Homicide is the second leading cause of death for young 
     people ages 15 to 24.
       Homicide is the leading cause of death for many minorities 
     in this country.
       82.8 percent of young people who are killed are killed with 
     a firearm;
       Every 30 minutes, a child or teenager in America is injured 
     by a gun;
       Every 3 hours and 15 minutes, a child or a teenager loses 
     their life to a firearm.

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