[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 159 (2013), Part 1]
[Senate]
[Pages 309-311]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                            HURRICANE SANDY

  Ms. LANDRIEU. Madam President, I came to the floor this afternoon to 
speak briefly about Hurricane Sandy and what the Senate and the House 
could and should be doing to help the survivors of this catastrophic 
disaster that occurred now over 3 months ago on the northeast coast. We 
from Louisiana are very familiar, unfortunately, with disasters. We 
have had quite a number over the past several years. Unfortunately, I 
have become an expert on disasters. I don't want to be, but I am 
becoming one as chair of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
Committee and as a leader from Louisiana. All of us, whether we are 
school board members, city council members, mayors, parish officials or 
Governors from Louisiana, are becoming experts on disasters because we 
are having a lot of them.
  So I came to the floor to say just a few things this afternoon about 
Hurricane Sandy. First, I wish to begin by saying the people of the 
Northeast--and they don't need me to tell them this--have a wonderfully 
strong delegation in the Senate, Senators Schumer, Gillibrand, 
Menendez, and Lautenberg. Of course, in Maryland--though we don't hear 
much about Maryland, there were one or two small counties that were 
terribly affected in Maryland--and Senator Cardin and Senator Mikulski 
have been, day in and day out, working with me and with many others, of 
course, trying to fashion a robust and smart response to the disaster 
on the East Coast.
  We want it to be smart because the taxpayers don't want to waste 
money on things that don't work. Of course, the survivors want it to be 
smart because they need us to do our best work now. We can't be late 
and sloppy and bureaucratic. They have churches to rebuild and faith-
based organizations to get back up and running. There are schools and 
libraries and, most importantly, of course, their homes and their 
businesses. So this is very important work.
  It has been difficult because there are many different philosophies 
about how to tackle this. I have made my positions fairly clear on 
certain aspects such as offsets, et cetera. But today I wanted to come 
to the floor to just acknowledge the extraordinary work of the 
delegation--led in large measure by Senator Schumer--of Members who 
have been absolutely rolling up their sleeves at every meeting and 
trying to build bipartisan support, which we have to do in the Senate. 
The House can sometimes get away with sending things over here with 
only the Republicans voting for it and no Democrats, but over here we 
can't get anything done unless it is done with all of us together. It 
is just a different set of rules in the Senate, so we have had to work 
very hard.
  Senators Schumer and Gillibrand and other Members worked very hard to 
get together the necessary votes to get that $60 billion out of here a 
couple weeks ago. The House, of course, unfortunately, stripped away 
some provisions but, happily--happily--they left some of the best 
reforms we have been able to think of in the last 4 or 5 years in the 
bill, and that is what I wish to talk about today.
  I am a big believer in sending aid to the people in America who need 
it. We send a lot of aid overseas, and we will sure send a lot of aid 
when we rebuild Afghanistan and Iraq, but I am a real big believer in 
sending aid to our own taxpayers when their homes are flooded or 
tornadoes have taken out their area or fires have raged out of control 
or major storms have hit their area. I am a big believer that when 
people pay taxes all their life--middle-class families as well as the 
poor and the working poor, as well as the wealthy, who pay a lot of 
taxes--they deserve their government to respond when they are at a very 
dark moment. That is what is happening on the east coast, and these 
constituents and citizens of ours could not get this help. They need it 
more quickly.
  We are moving as fast as we can--not fast enough for this Senator, 
but hopefully we can get this vote and this bill to the President's 
desk. I know President Obama will be happy to sign this and is eager to 
sign it. I wish to also say thank you to President Obama for his strong 
support of a robust supplemental and to say how proud I am to have 
worked with his Cabinet, many of whom are involved in this recovery, 
and particularly the Secretary of HUD, who is probably one of the most 
able leaders. All the Cabinet members are very able, but the Secretary 
of HUD is particularly knowledgeable about rebuilding in a more 
coordinated fashion because he actually got to practice on us down in 
the gulf coast. We were kind of like the guinea pigs. Hopefully, we 
have worked out a lot of the problems and we can take all the best 
practices and lessons learned.
  But Shaun Donovan will do a great job leading that effort on the east

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coast, I have no doubt, with both a very strong Democratic Governor and 
a very strong Republican Governor--Governor Christie and Governor Cuomo 
in that area--along with Mayor Bloomberg and Mayor Cory Booker and so 
many other small-town officials involved in the recovery. They will 
have a great friend and a knowledgeable and reliable partner in 
Secretary of HUD Shaun Donovan.
  But let me go into just a few things we were able to redesign, 
thinking that our citizens and our constituents want government to be 
leaner. They want government, most importantly, to be smarter and more 
efficient, and I could not agree more. We have tried, at least in the 
disaster recovery--when the response to Katrina and Rita was such a 
disaster itself--to reshape some of this and make it better and 
smarter. So we put some very effective and smartly designed programs 
into the Sandy supplemental.
  I want to begin by thanking my friend and colleague from the State of 
Mississippi, Senator Cochran, who joined me in introducing the Disaster 
Recovery Act in 2011 that contained many of these reforms. Our States 
have endured the same series of disasters and bureaucratic roadblocks 
to recovery over the past eight years, and we are determined to prevent 
communities in the northeast from experiencing the same inefficiency 
and waste. His contributions to the Gulf Coast's recovery and the 
development of this legislation have been tremendous, and I am grateful 
for his partnership in this endeavor.
  I also wish to thank my House colleagues, particularly Congressman 
Shuster, Congressman Rahall, Congressman Denham, Delegate Holmes-
Norton, Congressman Mica, who is the outgoing chair of the committee 
over there and was so instrumental in helping to fashion some of this, 
Congresswoman Slaughter, Congresswoman Lowey, Congressman Alexander and 
Congressman Richmond. In particular, Cedric Richmond, who is from 
Louisiana and a dear friend, along with Congressman Alexander, from my 
home State, were very instrumental in helping their colleagues--one is 
a Republican, one is a Democrat--kind of understand why it is important 
to have these reforms stay in the bill, and they were successful. I am 
very grateful to them for that.
  One of the things from the several lists of things that were in this 
bill--and that I want to put into the Record--I will just go over and 
highlight briefly.
  No. 1, in the Sandy supplemental, it will reauthorize two expired 
pilot programs from the post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act 
that allowed FEMA to repair rental units as a cost-effective temporary 
housing alternative to trailers and mobile homes and to utilize 
expedited debris removal procedures.
  This might not seem very interesting to people, unless you and your 
family are looking at living in an 8-by-16 or 8-by-24 trailer for the 
next 6 months. Then you are very interested. In the old days, when 
Katrina happened, all people were given were trailers and, in some 
instances, with formaldehyde in them, which made for a lovely and very 
healthy way to live for 6 months. We don't want to go over the 
nightmares of what happened after Katrina and Rita, but we decided we 
had to give our citizens some other options besides trailers. So if 
something would happen in Massachusetts, Madam President, your Governor 
and your local officials could come together and maybe be a little bit 
creative in thinking about some rental repairs, where maybe people 
could move into some of the blighted properties. That would also help 
with the blight. Instead of spending $120,000 per trailer, maybe we 
could do a little investing in some blight reduction and, at the same 
time, giving people a temporary place to live. So that is smart. I 
think taxpayers appreciate it when we try to spend their money in a 
wiser, built-to-last kind of way. That is what the Sandy supplemental 
allows.
  It also allows the State to draw down a portion of its hazard 
mitigation funds from FEMA in order to leverage mitigation 
opportunities earlier in the reconstruction process. In the old days, 
it would take 18 to 36 months for funding to become available, in some 
instances, to rebuild a school. That is too long. Can you imagine a 
community going 3 years without even getting their school started?
  I realize sometimes it takes a long time to build things, but you 
don't want to wait 3 years before you start. So the way we do it now, 
without spending any more money, is just allowing the Federal 
Government to push out some of the front money to the locals so they 
can get started on mitigation projects much sooner. So that is a very 
smart reform that is included.
  In addition, we also provide grants on the basis of reliable fixed 
estimates for rebuilding damaged infrastructure and facilities and 
expedited removal of storm debris. This approach will be faster, 
cheaper, and more effective. The Public assistance program as currently 
designed may be one of the most dysfunctional programs in the entire 
Federal Government and will not work for this disaster. Under the 
current approach, initial damage estimates are often incomplete. 
Projects must be reversioned multiple times. Decisions are often not 
made in writing. Frequent staff turnover leads to decision reversals. 
Hundreds of meetings result in incalculable administrative waste. And 
it can take years for even a small project to be completed. And let me 
just put this in English.
  What this means is in the old days when Katrina hit--and people are 
not going to believe it when I say this, but it is true, and I will put 
this in the Record so people can go find it. But in the old days we 
would have to take measurements and pictures of a tree to determine how 
wide the branch was because if it was more than 3 inches you got 
reimbursed, and if it was less than that you didn't. We would have to 
go take pictures of trees where the debris came down to try to get the 
paperwork necessary for the reimbursement. Those days are hopefully 
over with.
  We will now do kind of an estimate just like any normal, rational 
person would do. You know from past storms how much debris is usually 
there. You could sort of measure that. There are ways--not just 
subjective but objective, like geospatial modeling, without having to 
take pictures of limbs on trees and measure them individually--which is 
a complete waste of time and wholly irrational and, of course, 
survivors who are standing there without a house are wondering why 
government officials are going around taking pictures of shrubs. So we 
need to move past that. Hopefully, we will with some of this 
legislation.
  No. 4 codifies temporary legislative measures that were enacted to 
facilitate smarter recovery, including third-party arbitration, 
eliminating penalties on alternate projects, and consolidating 
facilities into a single project. This was my most important thing, and 
I would like to take a minute to explain it to everyone.
  A while after Katrina, which was a nightmare, I kept wondering why 
these project worksheets were never getting settled. We would send 
thousands of these worksheets to the Federal Government and say: This 
was our library. We estimate it will cost $5 million to rebuild it.
  The Federal Government would say: No, we think it is $2.5 million. 
That is all we owe you.
  So I said: I can understand there could be a disagreement. Who 
resolves it? No one. What do you mean, no one? No one. It just keeps 
going around and around, and we just keep sending paper back.
  I said: Is there any timeline for the resolution? No. I said: Is 
there any third-party arbitrator? No. So we put in a third-party 
arbitrator so that if a project is disagreed to by the locals about 
what was there, what it looked like, how they should rebuild it, we now 
have a rational way to step in and get a decision, and it is 
nonnegotiable. You can't appeal it. But it is better than not having a 
decision. The local governments really support this, and I am happy we 
could get that done.
  In addition--this was one of my favorites--everyone would run around 
giving press conferences about how we were going to build smarter and

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stronger and better, et cetera. Except when we looked into the law and 
actually read the law, it was illegal. If you tried to move a police 
station like 10 feet to get it out of the way of the river, or the land 
had sunk and you wanted to move it to higher ground, you would actually 
be penalized 25 percent because it became an alternate project since it 
wasn't exactly the same. So I said: We don't want to build the exact 
same thing. That was the problem to begin with. Some of our buildings 
were in places they shouldn't have been. Some of our buildings were 
built with materials we should never have used. So why are we having to 
rebuild the same old thing?
  Well, that was because that was what the law said. I said: Well, the 
law needs to be changed, and we are changing it.
  So I hope people, while they fuss at government--and I know we have a 
lot to do to get things straight--know a lot of thought has gone into 
some of these reforms, and they are based on real-life experiences on 
what communities have gone through. Hopefully, the Northeast will 
benefit from this as we go forward.
  Let me just put a few more things in the Record. No. 5 allows 
families to use FEMA individual assistance for childcare expenses.
  Here is another thing we found. We do depend on individual citizens 
to rebuild their communities. Trust me. The Federal Government may send 
a lot of money, but they didn't gut houses. Do you know who gutted 
houses? The churches helped, the volunteers helped, and seniors. Many 
veterans who had fought the war in the ``greatest generation,'' they, 
at 80 years old, put on gloves and overalls and gutted their own 
houses.
  I mean take your house down to the studs. It is a hard thing to do. 
Not only is it physically hard, it is emotionally devastating. The 
Federal Government did not come in and gut people's houses. We had to 
gut our houses by ourselves.
  After we sorted our debris by EPA requirements and dragged it out to 
the sidewalk and made sure it didn't touch a part of the lawn--because 
if it did, they couldn't pick it up because they can't go on private 
property to pick up debris. It is a nightmare. But this is going to be 
alleviated because parents and grandparents need to get back to gut 
their homes. They have to have a place for their kids to go that is 
safe. You can't have children running around in dangerous places. So 
people aren't thinking about this in a recovery, but schools have to be 
up and running, and you really should be able to use some of this money 
for daycare so the parents can work. Some of them quit their jobs to 
rebuild their homes. They lived off their savings and they went back to 
work. It is a tough situation.
  But I am happy, and I want to thank Mark Shriver, Save the Children, 
and the National Commission on Children and Disasters who led this 
initiative trying to help us focus on the storms of the future, what we 
could do better to help children to make sure their needs are cared 
for. We think about adults, but, of course, most of these families have 
kids, sometimes young children. So we have done a little bit. I wish we 
could have done more, but we negotiated the best we could, and at least 
we got the childcare provision in.
  It reduces bureaucratic waste by eliminating duplicative agency 
reviews for the same project and the same set of laws governing 
environmental, historic preservation, and benefit-cost requirements. It 
also helps the environment by incentivizing recycling of debris. So if 
we can find a way to recycle it, then people get paid a little bit more 
as opposed to just throwing it in the landfills. We think that will be 
a good opportunity to try to promote some good technologies for 
recycling. And--this is very important--it also corrects a gap in 
current law that prohibited tribal governments from requesting Federal 
assistance. They were completely prohibited under the former law. 
Really, as a matter of fair policy and the Federal law, tribes should 
be able to request some assistance as well, and that was corrected in 
this piece of legislation.
  It also, finally, eliminates a perverse incentive in the law to use 
high-priced contract labor for emergency work instead of local 
government employees, such as firefighters and police officers, which 
should save the Federal Government millions of dollars.
  In closing, I want to thank all of the different organizations that 
helped to pass this: the U.S. Conference of Mayors, the National League 
of Cities, the National Association of County Organizations, 
International Association of Emergency Managers, International 
Association of Firefighters, International Association of Fire Chiefs, 
and the Association of State Floodplain Managers.
  This is not a subject that is always fun to talk about because when 
you are talking about it, it is a lot of suffering that is going on, 
whether it is Joplin, MO, or Gulfport, MS, or New Orleans, LA, or New 
York, NY, or the boardwalk in New Jersey. And many of those not-so-
small beach communities are very highly populated. There is a lot of 
suffering. But it is important for us to try, when we can, when we see 
that the response is not what it should be, to take the time to push 
out some reforms, to fix what we can fix so that the $60 billion that I 
hope we will send to them can be used smartly, quickly, and 
efficiently.
  I am living proof of a Senator who has had to literally help lead the 
rebuilding of the gulf coast, along with my friends from Texas, 
Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. My hometown is New Orleans. My 
brother is now the mayor, and he is rebuilding that city every day. 
Eighty percent of the residential communities on the east bank were 
destroyed completely. That would be like 80 percent of the District of 
Columbia but not Anacostia, but 80 percent--which would be the whole 
other side of DC on this side of the river--being uninhabitable. It is 
hard for people to get their head around that scale. I think 
Massachusetts has experienced some of these storms. But the scale and 
scope of the loss is just hard to get your head around. Even though it 
is not on the 5 o'clock news or the 6 o'clock news or 10 o'clock news 
or now 24-hour news, it is still happening. So this money and these 
reforms are important.
  So I hope the Senate will act quickly this week. We may have to take 
up a few amendments from the minority. We have already had the debate 
about offsets, and we have decided that in the middle of the battle we 
don't have to argue about who is going to pay for the bullets. We need 
to go ahead and send the money, and we will figure out how to pay for 
it later. We are going to pay for it. It is not a question of whether 
it is going to be repaid. It will be paid for. We should not be arguing 
about that while the water is rising or while people are gutting their 
homes or worshiping in tents along the beach. They need their churches 
back, they need their communities back, and we need to send them money 
and the smarter tools to help them with the recovery.
  So I again thank so many colleagues for helping with this, 
particularly Senator Lieberman and Senator Collins, who led a lot of 
these efforts through their leadership of the Homeland Security 
Committee and spent a significant amount of time along with their staff 
reviewing and helping to improve this legislation, as well as my 
colleagues on the Appropriations Committee on Homeland Security.

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