[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 158 (2012), Part 12]
[House]
[Pages 17002-17004]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                   INVESTING IN THE AMERICAN ECONOMY

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 5, 2011, the Chair recognizes the gentleman from New York (Mr. 
Higgins) for 30 minutes.
  Mr. HIGGINS. Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
  We hear a lot of the rhetoric on debt and deficit, and I think it 
requires a recent review of history.
  Less than 12 years ago, the United States had a $258 billion 
budgetary surplus, meaning that we were taking in $258 billion more 
each year than we were spending. That budget surplus 12 years ago was a 
direct result of having created 22 million private sector jobs in the 
previous 8 years, underscoring the fact that the best tax policy is 
bringing back lost taxpayers to productivity, more people contributing 
to the Federal Treasury and less people dependent on governmental 
programs.
  That $258 billion budgetary surplus was used as justification to 
enact tax cuts in 2001 and in 2003. Those tax cuts disproportionately 
benefited the wealthy. The supply side theory, if you ascribe to it, 
says that if you give large tax cuts to the very wealthy, that money 
will find its way back into the economy in new business investment and 
job growth. Eight years later, we had the worst recession in the 
history of this Nation, and we had the worst job loss in 60 years.
  This economy is not growing to the extent that it needs to in order 
to

[[Page 17003]]

 produce employment. It's growing at about 1\1/2\ to 2 percent, which 
is not enough to sustain the current level of employment today, meaning 
that without additional growth in this economy, we will have increases 
in unemployment in this Nation.
  So what do we need to do? We need to invest in the American economy. 
We need to nation-build, not in Iraq, not in Afghanistan but right here 
at home, in America. After the tragedy of September 11, 2001, we were 
chasing the losers of globalization, al Qaeda, bin Laden, two bad 
elements that had to be dealt with.

                              {time}  1930

  But we should have been also chasing the winners of globalization, 
those economies like China and India that were investing in their own 
economies and their own people to produce job growth. That's what's 
needed here.
  Those who do all the complaining about spending around here are those 
who are responsible for all the spending. In fact, in fiscal year 2013, 
we will have a $900 billion budget deficit attributable to the Bush tax 
cuts, $137 billion for the cost of war, and $354 billion in the 
lingering impact from the recession.
  What we need to do is invest in America, in infrastructure, in 
scientific research and in education. It's a different world. We need 
to compete more effectively and do what other countries are doing. Why 
is it that Germany, a country that has one-fourth of the population of 
the United States, exports more than what the United States does? 
Because if you look at our Tax Code, it's broken and it needs reform. 
Industries in the United States that are employing Americans are given 
2-year tax credits, and we expect those American companies to make 
generational commitments on a 2-year tax credit. Look at places like 
Germany. They're providing 10-year tax credits. That sends a signal, a 
signal of certainty and a signal of clarity to businesses in Germany 
that there is a commitment to embrace innovation and technology to 
remain competitive in the manufacturing economy.
  Manufacturing today is not labor intensive. It's capital intensive. 
You always have to be in a continuous improvement mode. But that 
requires one thing. It requires a confidence in the American people, a 
confidence in the American worker in making the kind of commitments 
that are necessary to compete with China. I often hear people on this 
floor every day whining about China. Yeah, China cheats on their 
currency. They treat their workers poorly, and they destroy their 
environment. But the best response to China's growth is to stand up and 
compete with China and not whine about China.
  Most American jobs are not outsourced to China. They're outsourced to 
the past because we failed to make the kinds of investments that are 
necessary to keep the economy growing.
  So what's the answer to all of this? Every economist that you talk 
to, regardless of their political persuasion, will tell you that we 
have a growth problem. So how do you grow your economy? You invest in 
it. The New America Foundation, a centrist, prestigious think tank here 
in Washington, says that we should spend--that's right, we should 
spend--and invest $1.2 trillion in a 5-year nation-building program 
right here in America. That nation-building program will create 27 
million jobs over the next 5 years, adding 5.2 million in the first 
year alone--5.2 million jobs in the first year alone, or 433,000 jobs 
each month.
  Can you imagine if in the spring of 2013 that we had jobs reports 
that were showing that we were adding 400,000 to 500,000 jobs each 
month? This economy would soar. Unemployment would be reduced in the 
first year alone to 6.2 percent and in the second year to 5.6 percent. 
This added growth in the economy would return $592 billion to the 
Treasury in increased tax receipts.
  So the $1.2 trillion that you invest in rebuilding this Nation, that 
you invest in putting unemployed people back to work, returning 
veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan, will produce almost $600 billion in 
economic growth while we're rebuilding the infrastructure of this 
Nation. And I will tell you, we need to rebuild the infrastructure of 
this Nation.
  The American Society of Civil Engineers gives us a D rating for the 
quality of our infrastructure. The World Economic Forum says that we 
are 24th--24th--in structurally deficient infrastructure. In 2001, when 
we made all those investments in the American economy, we were number 
two in the quality of our infrastructure.
  Transportation for America says that there are 63,000 structurally 
deficient bridges in this Nation. In New York State alone, there are 
over 2,000 bridges that are structurally deficient. In my hometown in 
western New York, there are over 99 bridges that are structurally 
deficient. Every second of every day, seven cars drive on a bridge 
carrying our families that is structurally deficient. This is pathetic.
  The electricity grid in this Nation ranks 32nd in the world in 
reliability--an embarrassment. The United States Chamber of Commerce, 
which should be leading this effort, which should be leading this 
effort to invest in American infrastructure by investing in American 
businesses and investing in American workers, says that we lose because 
of the poor quality of our infrastructure--$336 billion in lost growth 
over the next 5 years alone.
  The United States Department of Transportation says that freight 
train bottlenecks cost our economy $200 billion a year, or 1 percent of 
our economy. The Federal Aviation Administration says air traffic 
delays cost $33 billion last year. We need to double spending on ports 
by the year 2020 or lose another $270 billion in exports.
  China--keep complaining about China. But do you know what? They spend 
about 9 percent of their economy on infrastructure, on roads and 
bridges, on doing nation-building right in their home. Europe spends 5 
percent. The United States spends less than 3 percent of its economy on 
infrastructure improvements.
  So the need is very clear. So is this Congress, is Washington 
responding to the need? Well, not really. Not really. Think about this 
for a moment: This Congress will spend $105 billion next year on 
rebuilding the roads and bridges of this Nation, a nation of 300 
million people, where every objective observer understands the need for 
infrastructure investment. So less than $53 billion in each of the next 
2 years. You can't spend any more, right? Well, wait a minute. You just 
spent $89 billion rebuilding the roads and bridge of Afghanistan. You 
just spent $67 billion rebuilding the roads and bridges of Iraq. Those 
nations are 30 million and 26 million respectively. Yet, for a nation 
of 300 million people, you could only come up with less than $53 
billion in each of the next few years?
  When the American Society of Civil Engineers says just to bring your 
infrastructure to a state of good repair it will cost you $2.2 
trillion, it's weak. In fact, it's pathetically weak.
  So, the lessons about economic growth are found in our recent 
history. And the lessons of austerity, unfortunately, are right in 
front of us. In 1937, when the American economy was coming out of the 
Great Depression, we showed signs of anemic growth, and as opposed to 
spending more to invest in that growth, the President and Congress 
pulled back in 1937, and what happened? The economy went back into 
recession again. In the 1990s in Japan, they tried extensive austerity 
measures only to put that economy into a recession for an entire 
decade. In Europe today and over the past 2 years, austerity measures 
have prolonged, not taken that area out of recession. In Greece--we 
often hear Members of this House who say the United States economy is 
going to be like Greece.

                              {time}  1940

  Oh, really? Greece is not growing. Greece has lost 25 percent of its 
economy in the past 5 years. Greece's economy shrunk by 7 percent this 
year alone. There is a 20 percent unemployment rate in Greece, and it's 
even higher for younger people. Greece doesn't make anything that the 
rest of the world wants. The American economy is dynamic, but the 
American economy

[[Page 17004]]

always needs to be improving with education, scientific research, and 
infrastructure investment.
  A rational political system would respond much differently than what 
is going on here in this Congress. We're talking about spending cuts 
and tax cuts to be extended that haven't produced economic growth. All 
the people that are talking about spending did all the spending. 
They're the debt and deficit creators. If we want to experience 
economic growth, we have to invest in this economy. It is critically 
important to the future of this Nation.
  Medical research. We need to enhance, not cut, funding to the 
National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute. Thirty 
years ago if you were diagnosed with cancer, fewer than 50 percent of 
those who were diagnosed lived beyond 5 years of their diagnosis. 
Because of a robust commitment to cancer research in the 1990s, under a 
Democratic administration, the survival rate now beyond 5 years for 
adults is 60 percent and for kids it is 80 percent. You're investing 
into medical research, into scientific research to create the jobs of 
the 21st century. I know that for my community in Buffalo in western 
New York, that gave the Nation and the world cancer research, that gave 
the Nation and the world chemotherapy in 1904. Making those investments 
has created a dynamic new economy in downtown Buffalo, which used to be 
a manufacturing economy. It's called the Buffalo-Niagara Medical 
Campus. The Roswell Park Cancer Institute, the first comprehensive 
cancer institute in the entire Nation, is leading the job growth there 
with 12,000 new jobs and is projected to grow another 4,000 over the 
next 5 years because you had a Nation that had the confidence in our 
scientific community to make the kinds of investments that create a 
diversified and strong economy so that we're not outsourcing jobs to 
the past but investing to create jobs for the future.
  Manufacturing in this Nation is not dead. It will die if you continue 
to simply whine about China. You need to make the investments in worker 
training, in new technology, in innovation to ensure that the workers 
that will require 20 years, that go four or five on one piece of 
machinery--now you've got one worker on four pieces of machinery. This 
is what you have to do in order to remain competitive in this world 
economy.
  All the books have been written. In Fareed Zakaria's ``The Post-
American world,'' he doesn't argue that the American economy is 
slipping quickly or deeply. He calls it ``the rise of the rest,'' that 
other economies are investing in their people and in their future. Tom 
Friedman and Mike Mandelbaum, who wrote the book ``That Used to Be Us: 
How America Fell Behind the World it Invented,'' say that because of 
information technology, regardless of size, distance, and increasingly 
language, every country now can participate in a global platform to 
realize the great economic benefits of globalization. You can't compete 
in the new world, in the new economy without making investments in your 
people, your infrastructure, and the scientific research that's 
important.
  China over the next couple of years will catch up to us in terms of 
the number of patents it produces. Patent production is an indication 
of future economic growth. For the past 75 years, we've lead the world 
in the number of patents that we produced. China will overtake us. That 
is a direct result of not investing in your own people and in 
scientific research.
  As I have said throughout this discussion tonight, there are many 
other areas that we can go into. The bottom line is this: all this talk 
about debt and deficit--12 years ago we had a budgetary surplus in this 
Nation of $258 billion. Now we have record deficits. That surplus was 
created because we had the confidence to invest in the American people, 
to do nation-building right here at home.
  A strong prosperous America is the best America in terms of our 
foreign policy, as well. We become the aspiration for the rest of the 
world when America is doing what it ought to be doing, when it doesn't 
fear its own people, when it seeks not to divide the Nation, but bring 
it together. Hubert Humphrey once said that the greatest foreign policy 
initiative of the Johnson administration was the Civil Rights Act. 
Although it was a domestic policy, what he was saying was that when 
America acknowledges its mistakes, when America lives up to its ideals, 
it becomes an inspiration for the rest of the world.
  All of those areas of the economy that Tom Friedman writes about in 
``That Used to Be Us'' and ``The World is Flat,'' America used to lead. 
We don't any more. We cultivated great artists, but we also cultivated 
the greatest economy in the history of the world. People that couldn't 
demonstrate--Rostropovich couldn't conduct an orchestra in his 
motherland. He came to America because we are a free Nation that 
celebrates and embraces the arts, and at the same time produces 
economic growth and opportunity for generations of people.
  Tonight, I challenge my colleagues in the United States Congress to 
stand up for America, to do nation-building right here at home by 
investing in our own people, not $89 billion in rebuilding the roads 
and bridges of Afghanistan, but a trillion dollars to rebuild the roads 
and bridges of America; not $67 billion to rebuild the roads and 
bridges of Iraq, but a trillion dollars to rebuild the roads and 
bridges of America.
  Everybody here talks a great game about thanking our veterans for 
their service, but you know what the problem is? We have returning 
veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan who are experiencing an unemployment 
rate of 30 percent. If you want to say thank you on behalf of a 
grateful Nation, you create an economy that gives them an opportunity 
to realize their full potential as individuals.

                              {time}  1950

  Sixty-seven percent of the deaths of American soldiers in Afghanistan 
are attributed to improvised explosive devices. Sixty-four percent of 
the deaths in Iraq are attributed to improvised explosive devices. Do 
you know how you defeat an IED? Don't be there. So we need to do 
nation-building right here at home. We need to grow this economy by 
investing in it in order to reduce debt and deficit and create 
employment and opportunity for future generations.
  With that, I yield back the balance of my time.

                          ____________________