[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 158 (2012), Part 10]
[Senate]
[Pages 13365-13366]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




     SENATE RESOLUTION 543--TO EXPRESS THE SENSE OF THE SENATE ON 
                 INTERNATIONAL PARENTAL CHILD ABDUCTION

  Mrs. BOXER (for herself, Mr. Lautenberg, Mr. Kerry, Mr. Lugar, Mr. 
Inhofe, Mr. Cardin, Ms. Mikulski, Mrs. Feinstein, Mrs. Gillibrand, Ms. 
Landrieu, Mr. Merkley, Mrs. Murray, Mr. Rubio, Mr. Leahy, and Mr. Kirk) 
submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee 
on Foreign Relations:

                              S. Res. 543

       Whereas international parental child abduction is a tragic 
     and common occurrence;
       Whereas the abduction of a child by one parent is a 
     heartbreaking loss for the left-behind parent and deprives 
     the child of a relationship with 2 loving parents;
       Whereas, according to the Report on Compliance with the 
     Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child 
     Abduction of the United States Department of State from April 
     2010, research shows that abducted children are at risk of 
     significant short- and long-term problems, including 
     ``anxiety, eating problems, nightmares, mood swings, sleep 
     disturbances, [and] aggressive behavior'';
       Whereas, according to that report, left-behind parents may 
     also experience substantial psychological and emotional 
     issues, including feelings of ``betrayal, sadness over the

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     loss of their children or the end of their marriage, anger 
     toward the other parent, anxiety, sleeplessness, and severe 
     depression'', as well as financial strain while fighting for 
     the return of a child;
       Whereas, since 1988, the United States, which has a treaty 
     relationship under the Convention on the Civil Aspects of 
     International Child Abduction, done at The Hague October 25, 
     1980 (TIAS 11670) (referred to in this preamble as the 
     ``Hague Abduction Convention'') with 69 other countries, has 
     agreed with its treaty partners to follow the terms of the 
     Hague Abduction Convention;
       Whereas the Hague Abduction Convention provides a legal 
     framework for securing the prompt return of wrongfully 
     removed or retained children to the countries of their 
     habitual residence where competent courts can make decisions 
     on issues of custody and the best interests of the children;
       Whereas, according to the United States Department of 
     State, the number of new cases of international child 
     abduction from the United States increased from 579 in 2006 
     to 941 in 2011;
       Whereas, in 2011, those 941 cases involved 1,367 children 
     who were reported abducted from the United States by a parent 
     and taken to a foreign country;
       Whereas, in 2011, more than 660 children who were abducted 
     from the United States and taken to a foreign country were 
     returned to the United States;
       Whereas 7 of the top 10 countries to which children from 
     the United States were most frequently abducted in 2011 are 
     parties to the Hague Abduction Convention, including Mexico, 
     Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Ecuador, Brazil, and 
     Colombia;
       Whereas Japan, India, and Egypt are not parties to the 
     Hague Abduction Convention and were also among the top 10 
     countries to which children in the United States were most 
     frequently abducted in 2011;
       Whereas, in many countries, such as Japan and India, 
     international parental child abduction is not considered a 
     crime, and custody rulings made by courts in the United 
     States are not typically recognized by courts in those 
     countries; and
       Whereas Japan is the only member of the Group of 7 major 
     industrialized countries that has not ratified the Hague 
     Abduction Convention: Now, therefore, be it
       Resolved, That--
       (1) the Senate--
       (A) condemns the unlawful international abduction of all 
     children;
       (B) urges countries identified by the United States 
     Department of State as noncompliant or demonstrating patterns 
     of noncompliance with the Convention on the Civil Aspects of 
     International Child Abduction, done at The Hague October 25, 
     1980 (TIAS 11670) (referred to in this resolution as the 
     ``Hague Abduction Convention'') to fulfill their commitment 
     under international law to expeditiously implement the 
     provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention;
       (C) calls on all countries to accede to or ratify the Hague 
     Abduction Convention and to promptly institute measures to 
     equitably and transparently address cases of international 
     parental child abduction; and
       (D) calls on all countries that have not acceded to or 
     ratified the Hague Abduction Convention to develop a 
     mechanism for the resolution of current and future cases of 
     international parental child abduction that occur before 
     those countries accede to or ratify the Hague Abduction 
     Convention in order to facilitate the prompt return of 
     children abducted to those countries to the children's 
     countries of habitual residence; and
       (2) it is the sense of the Senate that the United States 
     should--
       (A) aggressively pursue the return of each child abducted 
     by a parent from the United States to another country through 
     all appropriate means, consistent with the Hague Abduction 
     Convention, and through extradition, when appropriate, and 
     facilitate access by the left-behind parent if the child is 
     not returned;
       (B) take all appropriate measures to ensure that a child 
     abducted to a country that is a party to the Hague Abduction 
     Convention is returned to the country of habitual residence 
     of the child in compliance with the provisions of the Hague 
     Abduction Convention;
       (C) continue to use diplomacy to encourage other countries 
     to accede to or ratify the Hague Abduction Convention and to 
     take the necessary steps to effectively fulfill their 
     responsibilities under the Hague Abduction Convention;
       (D) use diplomacy to encourage countries that have not 
     acceded to or ratified the Hague Abduction Convention to 
     develop an institutionalized mechanism to transparently and 
     expeditiously resolve current and future cases of 
     international child abduction that occur before those 
     countries accede to or ratify the Hague Abduction Convention; 
     and
       (E) review the advisory services made available to United 
     States citizens by the United States Department of State, the 
     United States Department of Justice, and other United States 
     Government agencies--
       (i) to improve the prevention of international parental 
     child abduction from the United States; and
       (ii) to ensure that effective and timely assistance is 
     provided to United States citizens who are parents of 
     children abducted from the United States and taken to foreign 
     countries.

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