[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 158 (2012), Part 1]
[Senate]
[Pages 371-373]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                           WEATHER IN ALASKA

  Ms. MURKOWSKI. Madam President, I rise to spend a few minutes on the 
Senate floor to talk about home--about Alaska. We have a tendency 
sometimes up north to do things in a big way, a bold way. We tend to 
brag a little bit about it. That is all OK. But we have been in the 
center of the news cycle for a few weeks this winter, at the onset of 
this year, because of our weather which has been big and bold.
  As a consequence of some of the extremes that we are seeing up north, 
I think it has brought out the best of Alaskans and certainly the 
warmth that comes from a northern climate. I think the occupant of the 
chair sees that in her State where she has some conditions with snow 
and cold.
  The neighbor-to-neighbor response that comes about when we are 
dealing with Mother Nature at her finest or at her most extreme, I 
think, is something that helps define us as a people.
  Today, I wish to speak for a few moments to recognize the very 
extraordinary efforts we have seen recently of the U.S. Coast Guard and 
the Alaska National Guard in helping the residents of several of our 
communities since early this year.
  Earlier on the Senate floor, my colleague, the junior Senator from 
Alaska, mentioned some of the events that have happened. He, too, 
acknowledged the hard work and very significant efforts of our Coast 
Guard and the Alaska National Guard. I think it is important to make 
sure we all take the time to tell the story, to share it with 
colleagues and with people around the country.
  In many parts of the United States right now there are some areas 
that are just begging for snow. I have sons out in Colorado, and they 
are waiting. I know on the east coast many of us would prefer a little 
bit more snow. Sometimes it is one of those ``be careful what you ask 
for'' situations, or we may be like the town of Valdez and have 27 feet 
of snow in our community. That is a little bit more than I think most 
of us would ask for or hope for.
  The community of Nome has been in the news for months now as they 
have felt the brunt of some early winter storms, storms that have 
forced them as a community in the northwest region of the State to feel 
the pinch of Mother Nature in a very extreme way. Nome is a community 
of about 3,500 residents. It sits up on the west coast of Alaska. Most 
people in this country recall Nome from the early days of the Gold 
Rush. But more recently, Nome comes into the national news every March 
when the famous Iditarod dog sled race is run which finishes in Nome. 
It is a 1,100-mile race where man and animal are pitched against Mother 
Nature in a pretty intense way.
  Nome makes it in the headlines for several different reasons. This 
year adds yet another reason that Nome is in the history books, where 
people are talking about this incredible part of the State. Alaska is 
known for our tough winters and, again, I started my comments by saying 
we kind of like the fact that we are tougher than the rest of the 
world, and we brag about it. This winter, though, has been particularly 
harsh.
  We have seen record cold. We have seen snowstorms hit the State 
earlier than usual. I was up in the State last week, places such as 
Bethel where it normally averages about zero this time of year, and we 
are looking at 20 below for extended periods of time, not just a day or 
two. In southeastern Alaska not only have they been hit with below zero 
temperatures, but massive amounts of snow are hitting them as well.
  Nome is, again, a coastal community. When they receive their annual 
fuel supplies, they basically fuel up for the winter. The only way to 
get to Nome is to fly in or to go by water. So in order to get the fuel 
tanks filled up for the winter, the annual fuel barges come in early 
fall before they have ice conditions out in the Bering Sea.
  This year, if you will recall, back in October, everybody was 
watching the news because of the massive storms that were pounding 
western Alaska. Back in Washington, DC, every evening on the news we 
could see these major storms coming through. If we were here or down in 
Florida, they would have called them hurricane force winds. For us, it 
was a winter storm--a tough one.
  What happened with that storm is that it prevented the fuel barge 
from reaching Nome, so the shipment of fuel that they would receive for 
the winter is not able to come in.
  One might think, well, fuel up the community another way. Again, 
there are no roads. What is the other way? The other way is aircraft. 
So one would have to fly in barrels of fuel, driving the cost of fuel 
up, and, quite honestly, adding to the risk of transport. So it is an 
issue where fuel delivery by air, while it is possible, is not the 
preferable way. They are in a situation where they have not only a 
community of 3,500 but all of the surrounding villages in the region 
relying on Nome for their backup. So they are at risk too. Without the 
fuel tanks being filled, what the community and region were looking at 
was a situation whereby about March--sometime in March, depending on 
how harsh the winter was--they were going to run out of fuel.
  Well, if the January temperatures are any indication--on average, it 
is usually about 2 degrees, but it has been 20 below and colder 
recently. That means people go through fuel pretty darn quick. Then 
what do they do? They are stuck until spring. You say: Well, isn't 
April or March spring? Not in Northwest Alaska because fuel barges 
cannot get to port until all of the ice in the Bering Sea has melted, 
which doesn't happen until May or June--perhaps earlier if the ice 
moves.
  That is the reality up north. So we have a major community and 
outlying villages that are looking at a very real threat to their 
community. Senator Begich showed a picture on the Senate floor of gas 
prices in Alaska. When I was in Nome last week, I saw first-hand the 
price of regular fuel at the pump was $5.43. That is what residents of 
Northwestern Alaska are paying today. Diesel is a hair less than $6. If 
they were having to fly in fuel for the balance of the winter, they 
were looking at about $9 a gallon. This is on top of all of the other 
extraordinary costs they pay as a community that is reliant on air for 
just about everything they need.
  Most of you may have seen the story in the news. Lots of people got 
to work to try to address the situation. I was in contact with the 
Coast Guard to see what they could do to help. The Coast Guard was 
amazing in saying: Yes, we are committed to this mission. We are going 
to help the people of Nome, the people of the region. So what came 
together was a pretty interesting story.
  There is a fuel tanker, the Renda, which is home-ported over in 
Russia. The Renda filled up with fuel in South Korea and was going to 
pick up fuel in Japan. They got shut out of Japan by weather. They had 
to go to Unalaska, Dutch Harbor on the Aleutian Chain, to fill up. For 
those of us who know of the Jones Act, there is an issue there. They 
had to get the Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, 
Transportation, and Energy to act to get a Jones Act waiver so the 
Russian fuel tanker could fill up in an Unalaska port and haul the fuel 
north to the people of Nome. It is a pretty interesting saga, just in 
describing the beginning.
  This is more than a 1,000-mile nautical journey, and they were 
breaking ice for about half of the way. The Renda is a pretty capable 
ship, but she is not an icebreaker. How she got through that ice is an 
interesting part of the story. The Coast Guard Cutter Healy, which had 
been on a research mission since early May and was on her way back to 
Seattle to deliver the crew got a call that Nome needed help. The fine 
men and women of the Healy missed their Christmas, their New Year's, 
and headed back north to clear a path for the Renda to Nome.
  Now, I think it is important to stop here and recognize that this is 
not the Coast Guard doing something for the people of Nome or the 
people of Alaska

[[Page 372]]

that is not part of the Coast Guard's mission. This month-long journey 
was the first fuel delivery through sea ice in Alaska's history, but 
not the first time the Coast Guard has worked to get fuel to a 
community. This is important.
  Back in 2000, CWO Richard Glasgow testified about ice-breaking 
operations on the Hudson River. At that time, there were five Coast 
Guard cutters that performed ice-breaking duties from Sandy Hook, NJ, 
all the way up to Troy, NY. They were working to get heating fuel to 
about 4 million people in the communities along the river. Officer 
Glasgow testified that as a direct result of the Coast Guard's 
continuous ice-breaking efforts that winter, all 274 petroleum-bearing 
barges that started the trip up the Hudson made it through the ice.
  He also noted if the Hudson had remained closed to barge traffic, it 
would have taken over 21,000 tank truck loads to move that petroleum, 
assuming that the trucks were available to make those deliveries.
  So we basically had a situation on the East Coast where the Coast 
Guard came to the rescue. They cleared a path so that commerce could be 
facilitated, and these communities along the Hudson could have the fuel 
and the resources they needed. The Coast Guard made it happen in an 
efficient and environmentally responsible way--avoiding 21,000 tank 
truck loads of fuel on the roads.
  This is not unlike the role the Coast Guard has played in Alaska. The 
difference with Nome is that there could not be 21,000 truck loads of 
petroleum because there are no roads for those trucks to travel to 
Nome. So we did not have the option for any other means of transport to 
the community short of air transport.
  So when we look at what the Coast Guard Cutter Healy and Captain 
Havlik and all the crew members did, they were following in the 
footsteps of many members of the Coast Guard before them in carrying 
out the Coast Guard's stated ice operations mission, which is to assist 
vessels and communities in emergency situations and facilitate 
essential commercial maritime activities.
  The Coast Guard carried out this mission by assisting with 680 ice 
transits, representing the transport of over $2 billion of cargo. 
Similarly, just last year, Coast Guard cutters coordinated with the 
Canadian Coast Guard ships to facilitate the movement of about $2 
billion worth of critical goods on the Great Lakes.
  I point this out because I think it is important for people to know 
that in addition to all the other critical missions the Coast Guard 
has, one of theirs is to assist vessels and communities in emergency 
situations and to facilitate essential commercial maritime activities 
like getting fuel--an absolute bare necessity to the people in this 
northwestern region at a time when temperatures are 20 below for days 
and days on end. It was critical to us, and the Coast Guard did a 
remarkable job.
  Again, I wish to recognize these men and women who gave up their 
Christmas holiday, who gave up their New Year's holiday to assist 
Alaskans, and they were nothing short of remarkable. I had the 
opportunity to go on board the Healy when I was in Nome last week, as 
the Renda was beginning to lay the hose from the fuel barge to the 
shore. I also spoke with the men and women and they were exceptionally 
proud of their mission. But I said to them: You will go back home and 
your world will be changed because you will be able to stand and say: 
Yes, I was on the Healy when we broke ice to get the Renda to northwest 
Alaska.
  Let me give an update. Renda, the tanker, was able to get close to 
Nome after weeks of transit made difficult by the winter conditions of 
the thick ice and the currents and the winds. There were days when they 
actually went backward. The Coast Guard Cutter Healy would break the 
ice, loosen it, but it was so cold and things were happening so fast, 
the ice would refreeze the distance between the cutter and the Renda.
  In addition to some pretty tough environmental conditions, we had 
some language issues going on between the Coast Guard cutter and the 
Russian tanker. They had to translate the mission. We had some cultural 
differences going on. But what they were able to facilitate, again, was 
pretty remarkable. I am giving laudatory praise to our Coast Guard, but 
I think it is also important to recognize the good work the crew of the 
Renda did in assisting as well.
  Using NOAA's satellites to determine where the best mapping could be, 
where to cut through that, they were able to break through and get 
within about a half mile of the shore of Nome. It was close enough so 
that when I got off the Healy, I was able to take a snow machine to 
shore. It was about a 3-minute snow machine ride. That is how close 
they were able to get in safely to the shore. The Renda laid hose 
across the ice to connect to the tankers onshore.
  It was about a 6-day process to transfer the fuel to the community, 
but the parties involved did it safely, without any incident 
whatsoever. They were able to then close that operation and, last 
Friday, they took off from Nome to go back--the Renda to Russia and the 
Coast Guard Cutter Healy to Seattle.
  I asked for a progress report just this afternoon. And as of today, 
the Healy and the Renda were approximately 240 nautical miles southwest 
of Nome, 275 nautical miles from the ice edge. So they still have a 
long way to go getting through the ice.
  One might ask the question: Why don't they just go back the way they 
came in? Because, obviously, they cut the trail. But it doesn't work 
that way. It is cold up there. In fact, they are continuing to rely on 
the NOAA satellites to help them map out a perhaps more efficient way, 
but it has been tough. They have very challenging ice conditions and 
very steady strong winds. The weather is giving them winds in excess of 
25 to 30 knots. Hopefully, they are going to be diminishing to 15 knots 
on Friday. But they are working with NOAA and other folks to find the 
safest, the most expedient route out of the ice. But the ice forecast 
continues to see ice edge expanding to the south. So all the progress 
they are making going south, the ice is just coming at them in the 
other direction.
  So it is challenging, but, again, these are extraordinary 
professionals across agencies. I have mentioned NOAA, and I mentioned 
what we needed to do in order to facilitate the Jones Act waiver 
through the Departments of Energy, Homeland Security, Transportation, 
and Defense, but we also had the State Department involved, we had the 
EPA involved, and the native corporation Sitnasuak to put this whole 
thing together. We had incredible local leadership coming out of the 
community of Nome. We had the University of Alaska researchers who 
helped with the UAVs to determine, again, how we best lay everything 
from the tanker in the safest place across the ice. An incredible act 
of collaboration.
  I see my friend from Illinois is on the floor, and I know I have gone 
over my time, but I have about 3 more minutes to wrap up if that works 
for my colleague. Senator Durbin comes from a State that appreciates 
snow, and so I think my colleague would like to hear the rest of my 
story because I am not done acknowledging the fine men and women of the 
Alaska National Guard who played a role in helping to dig out the 
community of Cordova after record snowfall.
  We have had some pretty tough snows. Cordova is a coastal community 
in south central Alaska, and they got hammered. They got about 176 
inches of snow. Last week, when we checked in, they had 16 feet of snow 
on the ground, which is pretty unusual. Not quite Valdez's record, 
which is sitting at 27 feet right now, but it was enough that roofs 
were caving in and there were public safety concerns. What the 
community did was come together, as small communities do, to try to 
shovel out, and 50 or 60 Alaska National Guardsmen were there to help. 
The Coast Guard was there too helping to shovel--it was quite a lovely 
community story.

[[Page 373]]

  Again, it is one of those stories that reminds us that whether Mother 
Nature hits us with winds and storms and cold in the north, or 
hurricanes in the south, we come together as a people. We come together 
as communities to help, and sometimes we have some real heroes that 
emerge. Some of those heroes for us in Alaska these past few weeks have 
been our U.S. Coast Guard and our Alaska National Guardsmen and women.
  As I started my comments, I said we do things bigger in Alaska, 
perhaps a little bolder. There is a new movie coming out that you may 
have heard about. It is called ``Big Miracle.'' It is about the rescue 
of the whales back in the late 1980s. Some of you may remember the 
whales were trapped in the ice off Point Barrow. It is a wonderful 
story about how we, as Alaskans, came together with the Russians, state 
and federal agencies, environmental and other groups that would 
normally not be allies, and regular folks for a common purpose. That 
movie, ``Big Miracle,'' reminded me that in Alaska we have a few more 
big miracles we can brag about, and they begin with people who truly 
make the health, safety, and well-being of others their top priority, 
even when they do not know any of those people.
  I know the people of Nome and Cordova and the people of Valdez all 
give thanks to those who stepped up during these tough winter months to 
help us out and were there at our side. I thank the Chair for the extra 
time, and I thank my colleague from Illinois for his patience and again 
extend my heartfelt thanks to our U.S. Coast Guard men and women, as 
well as the fine men and women of the Alaska National Guard.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Manchin). The Senator from Illinois.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I wish to thank my colleague from Alaska 
and tell her that this week on National Public Radio there was a 
feature about Cordova and all the snow they have had to deal with 
there. I am sure this is perhaps commonplace in her great State, but as 
we listened to it from Chicago, we felt blessed we haven't been hit too 
hard yet this winter. But our hearts go out to the men and women in the 
Coast Guard and the National Guard in Alaska and the people who are 
struggling in Alaska's communities to survive these natural disasters.

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