[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 157 (2011), Part 8]
[Senate]
[Pages 11098-11099]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                          BUDGET NEGOTIATIONS

  Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, we are getting dangerously close to the 
August 2 deadline. The August 2 deadline is the deadline for America to 
increase its debt limit or to face default on our obligations. We need 
to come together. We need to increase the debt limit, and this is an 
opportunity for us also to manage our debt.
  We have been talking about this for a while, and I understand--and I 
think my colleagues understand--the responsible thing for us to do is 
to use this opportunity to increase the debt limit to also craft a game 
plan to manage our national debt and our spending. We need to have a 
credible plan. Our debt is not sustainable. We cannot continue along 
this path. We understand that. We have to have a credible plan to 
manage our deficit. Well, quite frankly, the Democrats have come up 
with these plans.
  The proposal offered by Senator Conrad, the chairman of the Budget 
Committee--and supported by all the Democrats on the Budget Committee, 
and I am proud to be a member of that committee--brings forward a 
credible proposal that has all the elements of our budget on the table. 
It reduces government spending. It deals with protecting the priorities 
that are important for America's growth. It invests in education. It 
invests in innovation and in infrastructure so we can create the jobs 
necessary for America's prosperity. That is what that budget does. It 
brings about more deficit reduction than the Republican budget, 
bringing our debt under control.
  We understand we need a bipartisan budget. It is not going to be just 
what the Democrats want. That is what the political process is all 
about. Midterm elections: The House is controlled by Republicans. The 
Senate has a Democratic majority. We have to come together.
  What many of us have said in this body is let's use the bipartisan 
Bowles-Simpson proposal as a starting point. That has all the elements 
on the table, including mandatory spending and including doing a better 
job on revenues. It is a bipartisan proposal. Democrats have said we 
are willing to work and come out with what we call the grand deal--the 
deal that will manage our debt and all elements of the Federal budget 
will be on the table as we talk about that.
  But there is one option that should not be on the table, and that 
option is to allow August 2 to pass without increasing the debt limit; 
in other words, to permit America to default on its obligations. That 
is one option that cannot be on the table. Quite frankly, what concerns 
me is there seems to be a growing number of Republicans who say that is 
an option; that is OK; it will be all right for us to pass August 2 
without increasing the debt limit.
  Let me quote, if I might, from David Brooks, the conservative 
columnist, who said:

       . . . the Republican Party may no longer be a normal party. 
     Over the past few years, it has been infected by a faction 
     that is more of a psychological protest than a practical, 
     governing alternative. The members of this movement do not 
     accept the logic of compromise, no matter how sweet the 
     terms. If you ask them to raise taxes by an inch in order to 
     cut government by a foot, they will say no. If you ask them 
     to raise taxes by an inch to cut government by a yard, they 
     will still say no.
       The members of this movement do not accept the legitimacy 
     of scholars or intellectual authorities. A thousand impartial 
     experts may tell them that a default on the debt would have 
     calamitous effects, far worse than raising revenues a bit. 
     But the members of this movement refuse to believe it.

  I know the majority leader in the House of Representatives, Mr. 
Cantor, tells us there is no compromise that can pass at the present 
time in the House of Representatives. I don't accept that. I think 
Democrats and Republicans working together in the House can pass a 
grand deal under the parameters that have been talked about at the 
White House. But what Mr. Cantor needs to do is work with the Democrats 
as well as the Republicans in the House of Representatives. We have to 
come together, Democrats and Republicans.
  The one part of the option that should not be on the table is to 
allow us to pass August 2 without raising the debt limit. Let me talk 
about the consequences. I have said I believe they are catastrophic 
consequences, and I do believe that. We know it is likely--almost 
certain--that the rating houses will downgrade America's currency from 
the most secure currency in the world. We would be downgraded. We run a 
real risk as to whether the dollar will continue to be the global 
currency. Right now, many international transactions are related in 
dollars. We know

[[Page 11099]]

that as it relates to energy. All of a sudden, on August 3, we run the 
risk that the American dollar will no longer be the global currency, 
having a major impact on the U.S. economy.
  J.P. Morgan tells us we could expect an immediate increase in 
interest costs of 75 to 100 basis points. What does that mean? Well, 
for the taxpayers of this country, it means it is going to cost more 
money for us to pay for our borrowing. That will raise the cost of 
interest payments which I would suggest is a not very productive use of 
taxpayer dollars, causing taxpayers to have to pay more for our 
borrowing. But it goes well beyond the Federal taxpayers. It affects 
every family in America. The estimates are that the effect of the 
increase in U.S. obligations on interest rates will have an effect on 
all borrowing. So if a person is buying a home, they can expect the 
interest costs will increase by about $1,000 a year. If a person is a 
credit card holder, they can expect their interest rates to go up about 
$250 a year. That is the effect it is going to have on every American 
family if we pass August 2 without increasing our debt limit.
  If a person has money in the stock market, they can expect there will 
be a reduction in the value of their wealth. We saw that happen once 
before when retirement account values slipped dramatically. We are at 
risk of having that happen again if we pass August 2 without increasing 
the debt limit.
  The impact it will have on our economy, on jobs--we expect it will 
clearly have a negative impact on our job market. We will lose jobs and 
we very well may go back into a recession. That is why this is 
catastrophic if we don't deal with the debt limit in a mature way.
  Let me cite the numbers. In the month of August, we expect we are 
going to have about $172 billion of revenue coming into our Treasury, 
but we are going to have $360 billion of bills coming in--spending we 
have already incurred that we have to pay for. There are those who say 
we can pick which bills we want to pay and let the others go. They say 
we will have some winners and losers. Well, I think we will have all 
losers, because we can't pick winners and losers.
  There are some who say, well, obviously, we will pay interest on the 
national debt. OK, we will pay that. How about Social Security, and how 
long can we pay Social Security? If we don't pay Social Security, what 
happens to those on fixed incomes or, if we reduce the Social Security 
payments, how does someone who has planned their monthly budget manage 
with getting, say, 40 percent less of their Social Security in August? 
How do they handle their obligations?
  Then what do we do about Medicare? Do we continue to pay Medicare at 
100 percent? Well, I assume we are going to run out of money.
  What do we do about our military, our soldiers, who we all say we 
want to support? Do we continue their salaries or do we reduce their 
amounts by, say, 40 percent? If we pay all of those, there is no money 
left over to pay veterans' benefits. What happens to our veterans who 
are depending on their checks to be able to meet their obligations?
  Then what do we tell our students who are preparing to go to school 
in the fall about their Pell grants, that their Pell grants aren't 
going to be available and maybe they can't go to school in the fall? 
They have to make plans right now.
  What do we do about small business owners who are depending upon 
their contracts with the Federal Government in order to make their 
payroll? Is their money going to be coming in on August 3? We can't pay 
those bills unless we raise the debt limit. It has nothing to do with 
increased obligations of this country; we are talking about spending we 
have already incurred, that has already been obligated, and now the 
people who are entitled to the money are asking for their checks. What 
do we do on August 3?
  I don't believe we have a choice. I think we must increase the debt 
limit. I don't think it is an option not to. No responsible legislator 
would consider that to be an option.
  Yes, let's use that opportunity to manage our deficit. I still hold 
out hope we can get this grand deal. It has to be fair. It has to be 
balanced. It has to allow America to grow and it has to allow us to 
create more jobs. It has to invest in education and innovation and 
infrastructure so America can compete. We know we can get that done if 
we use a balanced approach: Reduce government spending at all levels, 
including the military, as we bring our troops home from Afghanistan. 
Yes, we need to look at the money we spend through our Tax Code. We 
have talked about this over and over. We need to have a balanced 
approach, a credible approach, to manage our debt. That should be our 
first option. But under no circumstances should we allow America to 
default on its obligations, causing harm to every American family.
  I urge my colleagues to put the national interests first and to take 
off the table the default on our debt. Take that off the table. Let's 
put the national interests first and work together to bring about a 
credible plan to manage our national debt.
  With that, Mr. President, I yield the floor, and I suggest the 
absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. McCaskill). Without objection, it is so 
ordered.

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