[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 157 (2011), Part 15]
[House]
[Pages 21171-21174]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REFORM AND 
                      REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2011

  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and concur 
in the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 2867) to reauthorize the 
International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, and for other purposes.
  The Clerk read the title of the bill.
  The text of the Senate amendments is as follows:

       Senate amendments:
       Beginning on page 2, strike line 6 and all that follows 
     through ``(3)'' on page 4, line 18, and insert the following:
       (a) Terms.--Section 201(c) of the International Religious 
     Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6431(c)) is amended--
       (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
       ``(1) In general.--The term of office of each member of the 
     Commission shall be 2 years. An individual, including any 
     member appointed to the Commission prior to the date of the 
     enactment of the United States Commission on International 
     Religious Freedom Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2011, 
     shall not serve more than 2 terms as a member of the 
     Commission under any circumstance. For any member serving on 
     the Commission on such date who has completed at least 2 full 
     terms on the Commission, such member's term shall expire 90 
     days after such date. A member of the Commission may not 
     serve after the expiration of that member's term.''; and
       (2)
       On page 5, line 3, strike ``(c)'' and insert ``(b)''.
       On page 5, strike lines 9 through 19 and insert the 
     following:
       (c) Application of Federal Travel Regulation and Department 
     of State Standardized Regulations to the Commission.--Section 
     201(i) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 
     U.S.C. 6431(i)) is amended by adding at the end the 
     following: ``Members of the Commission are subject to the 
     requirements set forth in chapters 300 through 304 of title 
     41, Code of Federal Regulations (commonly known as the 
     `Federal Travel Regulation') and the Department of State 
     Standardized Regulations governing authorized travel at 
     government expense, including regulations concerning the mode 
     of travel, lodging and per diem expenditures, reimbursement 
     payments, and expense reporting and documentation 
     requirements.''.
       On page 5, strike line 21 and insert the following:
       (a) In General.--Section 204 of the International Religious 
     Freedom
       On page 6, between lines 16 and 17, insert the following:

[[Page 21172]]

       (b) Pending Claims.--Any administrative or judicial claim 
     or action pending on the date of the enactment of this Act 
     may be maintained under section 204(g) of the International 
     Religious Freedom Act of 1998, as added by subsection (a).
       On page 6, line 21, strike ``and 2013'' and insert 
     ``through 2014''.
       On page 7, line 9, strike ``2013'' and insert ``2014''.

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentlewoman from 
Florida (Ms. Ros-Lehtinen) and the gentleman from California (Mr. 
Berman) each will control 20 minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentlewoman from Florida.


                             General Leave

  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all 
Members may have 5 legislative days to revise and extend their remarks 
and insert extraneous material on this measure.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentlewoman from Florida?
  There was no objection.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  The right to free religious belief and practice is a fundamental 
human right. But as Coptic Christians in Egypt and other religious 
minorities can attest, that right is frequently and tragically denied. 
It was for this reason that Congress established the United States 
Commission on International Religious Freedom, an independent, 
bipartisan Federal Commission charged with monitoring and protecting 
and promoting religious freedom abroad.
  Our State Department prioritizes an array of diplomatic, economic, 
and other issues that sometimes keep it from speaking and acting boldly 
against religious suppression. For this reason alone, the single-minded 
role of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom as a 
truth-telling watchdog and policy advocate remains critically 
important. The commission's annual report, its list of countries 
meriting CPC designation, and its special reports push American foreign 
policy to better reflect America's most cherished liberties.
  For example, in spite of long-standing abuses, Vietnam has not been 
redesignated by the State Department as a Country of Particular 
Concern, CPC, for religious freedom violations. But the Commission has 
built a compelling case for Vietnam's CPC status, reporting on the 
repression of protestants in the Central Highlands, unregistered 
Buddhist groups, and others--a call that was echoed by our Foreign 
Affairs Committee earlier this year in our State authorization bill.
  Yet, the Commission will soon have to shut its doors unless Congress 
acts immediately to reauthorize it.
  For this reason, the House overwhelmingly passed H.R. 2867 back in 
September. This bipartisan bill would reform and reauthorize the 
Commission and, in recognition of the fiscal challenges we face, 
includes funding that is a 30 percent cut from current year funding 
levels.
  Finally 3 days ago, the Senate unanimously passed H.R. 2867, along 
with a brief amendment which is before us today. The Senate amendment 
adds a few additional reforms, including standard Federal regulation of 
Commission travel, to those required by our House bill.
  I want to thank my good friend from Virginia, Mr. Frank Wolf, for his 
indispensable leadership in authoring this bill. I also want to thank 
my ranking member, Mr. Berman of California, and our Senate colleagues 
for their cooperation.
  I urge all of our colleagues to join us in voting ``aye'' and sending 
H.R. 2867 to the President's desk as soon as possible. Let us remind 
the world that we stand as one against the persecution of religious 
believers anywhere.
  I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  I rise in strong support of H.R. 2867, the United States Commission 
on International Religious Freedom Reform and Reauthorization Act of 
2011, and the Senate amendments to the bill.
  I want to initially start out by thanking the sponsor of this 
legislation, the gentleman from Virginia, Frank Wolf, for his 
leadership on the issue of international religious freedom; Senator 
Durbin for his efforts to strengthen the bill; my chairman, Ileana Ros-
Lehtinen, for her management of this whole process that's finally going 
to get this reauthorization hopefully passed and sent to the President.
  We're fortunate to live in a country that was founded by religious 
refugees on principles of tolerance. And we strive to adhere to article 
18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that 
everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. 
This right includes the freedom to manifest his religion or belief in 
teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
  But elsewhere around the world, religious freedom and human rights 
are routinely violated. Countless men, women, and children face 
violence, persecution, and discrimination because of their faith. 
Unfortunately, intolerance is not restricted to just a few countries. 
Violent extremist attacks have taken place in the Middle East and South 
Asia. The regimes in North Korea and Iran actively repress religious 
freedom. Apostasy and blasphemy laws have fueled discrimination against 
religious minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. Other 
religious minorities like the Tibetan Buddhists, Uighur Muslims, 
Ahmadis, and the Bahais face violence in government restrictions, and 
anti-Semitism is still prevalent around the world.

                              {time}  0950

  More than ever, we need the U.S. Commission on International 
Religious Freedom to continue its important work to support the right 
to practice one's religion freely around the globe.
  This bipartisan bill before us today reauthorizes the Commission, 
known as USCIRF, for another 3 years. The bill also contains some 
sensible reforms that will strengthen USCIRF's efforts to monitor and 
report on the status of freedom of religion abroad. These reforms 
include the process of selecting the chair, term limits for service for 
the members of the Commission, travel regulations, and a GAO study on 
improving the effectiveness and coordination of all the U.S. Government 
bodies that focus on international religious freedom.
  In particular, I would like to thank Mr. Wolf for agreeing to include 
a provision that clarifies that USCIRF is subject to the same workplace 
protections and civil rights laws as the rest of the Federal 
Government.
  With this piece of legislation, USCIRF will be able to more 
effectively carry out its mission and be the Commission it was intended 
to be. I urge my colleagues to support the legislation.
  I yield back the balance of my time.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he may consume to 
the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf), chairman of the Appropriations 
Subcommittee on State and Foreign Operations and the author of this 
bill.
  Mr. WOLF. I thank the chair very much for yielding.
  I want to thank Representative Ros-Lehtinen and her staff for, 
really, being very dogged and persistent, and I want them to know how 
grateful I am. As people are for this bill, they should know that had 
it not been for them, we would not be here.
  I also want to thank Mr. Berman and his staff. I want to thank Mr. 
Cantor and his staff for scheduling this. I want to single out Speaker 
Boehner and his staff because they were a part of this effort for the 
last several months, and they were very faithful, so I want to thank 
them. I also want to thank my staff for being involved in this for well 
over a year.
  The Coptic Christians are going through a very difficult time. The 
Iraqi Christians are being killed, and difficult things are happening 
to them. In Tibet, the Buddhists are setting themselves aflame because 
of the persecution of the Chinese Government. The Catholic Church in 
China is under stress: 25 bishops are under house arrest. The 
Protestant House Church in China is being squeezed and persecuted.

[[Page 21173]]

The Christians in Sudan, in the Blue Nile area, are going through 
genocide and are being killed because of their faith.
  Interestingly enough, the original bill passed on the very last day 
of Congress a number of years ago, and history is repeating itself. The 
Commission has been a beacon of hope. With that, I just want to, again, 
thank all those who helped us get here.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from 
California (Mr. Dreier), chairman of the Committee on Rules.
  Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, I thank the distinguished chair of the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs for yielding me the time.
  I rise to congratulate my very good friend, the gentleman from 
Virginia, Frank Wolf, who has just talked about both Sudan and China as 
being very key areas where religious persecution has taken place and 
continues to be a threat. I've been working with the chair of the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs and with other Members in a bipartisan way 
on the situation that exists in Egypt.
  One of the reasons I wanted to offer remarks is that, when she stood 
up and talked about the Coptic Christians in Egypt, we obviously know 
that there are challenging days ahead; and I think it's very important 
for us to do everything that we can to encourage those who may have had 
a history of engaging in religious persecution in the past to recognize 
religious freedom, human rights, the rights of women, the rule of law, 
and all of the other very critical items that are a key part of the 
development of democracy.
  So many people believe that you have a democracy if you hold an 
election. Well, Mr. Speaker, as you know very well, one election a 
democracy does not make; and there are other very important aspects of 
the development of democracy, and religious freedom is a key part of 
that.
  Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, with that, I have no further requests 
for time, and I yield back the balance of my time.
  Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2867, 
the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reform 
and Reauthorization Act, as amended by the Senate.
  Religious freedom--the right to worship and practice one's faith 
according to the dictates of one's own conscience--is a foundational 
human right. Many have called religious freedom the first freedom. Not 
only is it the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution, it is 
intrinsic to the human dignity of every man and woman on this earth.
  However, it is a right denied or curtailed for many--and according to 
some estimates, most--people in the world.
  For Copts in Egypt, Uighurs in China, Montagnards in Central Vietnam, 
Jews and Baha'i in Iran, many Buddhist monks in Burma, and countless 
millions elsewhere, the ability to live their faith without threat of 
persecution is a distant and unrealized promise.
  Dr. Brian Grim, a witness at a recent hearing I held on religious 
freedom, has done significant research in this area. In a study he 
conducted in 2009, he found that nearly 70 percent of the world's 6.8 
billion people live in countries with high or very high restrictions on 
religion. His study specifically cited Iran, Pakistan, China, and Egypt 
as among the most repressive of religious expression. This is 
significant not only because it highlights the number of people denied 
this most fundamental of human rights, but also because religious 
freedom is comprised of a ``bundle of rights.'' Religious freedom 
implies freedom of conscience, freedom of speech, freedom of 
association and assembly, and even freedom of the press. Absent freedom 
of religion, all these other rights are in jeopardy.
  In fact, Dr. Grim's research shows that countries that respect these 
rights reap a host of socio-economic benefits, including better 
education, better health care, greater equity of pay between men and 
women, and higher GDP, and these benefits arguably lead to greater 
social stability. On the other hand, countries without respect for 
religious freedom do worse on these socio-economic indicators, have 
greater societal tension, and are more prone to instability. The 
importance of promoting all components of religious freedom therefore 
cannot be overstated. Not only is it a moral imperative, but religious 
freedom keeps extremism and tyranny at bay.
  For these reasons, U.S. leadership on religious freedom is 
desperately needed in many countries around the world, together with a 
more vigorous utilization of the means provided in the IRF Act for 
promoting religious human rights.
  I was pleased to work with my good friend from Virginia (Mr. Wolf) 
and to chair the Committee hearings and markup fourteen years ago that 
led to the enactment of the International Religious Freedom Act of 
1998, which established the U.S. Commission on International Religious 
Freedom. The Act provided our Administration with the tools necessary 
to make international religious freedom an integral component of the 
highest priority in U.S. foreign policy.
  Contrary to assertions that singling out religious freedom would 
somehow make it seem more important or separated from other fundamental 
human rights--the Clinton Administration asserted that its strong 
opposition to the Act was based on its belief that the Act would result 
in a ``hierarchy of rights''--those of us who championed the bill 
argued that it was necessary to ensure that religious freedom is given 
its rightful place within the framework of human rights promotion.
  The law provided a new and bipartisan focus, which has begun to grant 
religious freedom its rightful stature in the diplomatic and foreign 
policy of the United States, under both Democratic and Republican 
administrations.
  The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom was and is an 
important part of that effort. It was created as an independent body of 
experts to review the facts and make policy recommendations from a 
vantage point outside of our diplomatic corps, where bilateral and 
other concerns had sometimes resulted in the soft-pedaling of severe, 
ongoing violations of religious freedom around the world.
  Even today, when the quality of State Department reporting on 
religious freedom issues has improved, the Commission continues to 
serve a critical role as a sounding board and a catalyst.
  One indicator is the fact that the Commission's list of recommended 
``Countries of Particular Concern'' for severe violations of religious 
freedom remains larger than the number designated by the State 
Department.
  In September, Secretary Clinton rightfully designated Burma, China, 
Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Uzbekistan as CPCs.
  But the State Department's list does not add any new countries from 
last year, and glaringly omits Vietnam, whose policies have more than 
earned that badge of shame.
  Secretary Clinton also did not designate Egypt, Iraq, Nigeria, 
Turkmenistan, and Pakistan as recommended by the Commission.
  We need the Commission more than ever. Already in the Congress, we 
have had six comprehensive hearings on religious freedom: Two in the 
Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission regarding the religious freedom of 
minorities in the Middle East, especially Egypt; two on the Committee I 
chair regarding the prioritization of religious freedom in U.S. foreign 
policy, and two in the Helsinki Commission on the particular plight of 
Coptic Christians in Egypt.
  The Commission has been an invaluable resource to Congress as we 
monitor the protection and promotion of religious freedom around the 
world--and the response of the Administration on this very important 
issue.
  They have also been a resource to governments seeking how to remedy 
religious freedom abuses within their own borders. For instance, in 
Indonesia, the Commission worked with members of the Indonesian House 
of Representatives and civil society groups who introduced measures to 
strengthen provisions in the criminal code regarding attacks on 
religious gatherings and amend the law governing the building of 
religious venues.
  The Commission also continues to help network human rights and legal 
advocates in Indonesia working to defend individuals accused of 
``blasphemy'' and religious minorities facing intimidation and violence 
from extremist groups. The Commission's work in Indonesia will have 
practical impact on the exercise of human rights--and preservation of 
peace--in Indonesia.
  Other governments have looked to the Commission as a model for their 
own religious freedom Commissions.
  The bill before us includes a number of bipartisan reforms to 
Commission authorities and operations to make their work even more 
effective.
  I want to thank Chairman Ros-Lehtinen and Ranking Member Berman for 
working to bring to the floor this important bill, which deserves 
unanimous support. And I would like to extend a special thanks to 
Representative Wolf, whose tireless efforts on this legislation have 
brought hope to persecuted people across the world.

[[Page 21174]]

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion offered by the 
gentlewoman from Florida (Ms. Ros-Lehtinen) that the House suspend the 
rules and concur in the Senate amendments to the bill, H.R. 2867.
  The question was taken; and (two-thirds being in the affirmative) the 
rules were suspended and the Senate amendments were concurred in.
  A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.

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