[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 157 (2011), Part 15]
[Senate]
[Pages 21122-21125]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                           DISASTERS IN 2011

  Ms. LANDRIEU. Mr. President, I will take the opportunity while the 
floor is relatively quiet to come and explain one of the votes we are 
going to be asked to cast tomorrow. In fact, it is very timely that I 
am here on the Senate floor at 2 o'clock in the afternoon because the 
House, I understand, just passed H. Con. Res. 94, and I am going to ask 
the Senate to reject that resolution when it comes here tomorrow for 
our vote. I am asking Democrats and Republicans to join with me in 
voting no on that resolution. I would like to take a few minutes to 
explain why. I think pictures are worth a thousand words, so let me 
just use four to save time.
  This is about disasters in 2011. This whole issue is about how we 
should

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budget for disasters. It is an important debate that has been one of 
the many debates Congress has had over this last year, and we are 
wrapping up that debate in the next 48 hours. So this is a part of that 
debate.
  I think pictures speak louder than words. This is a picture of 
Joplin, MO, a town that was virtually wrecked by a massive and monster 
tornado and tornadoes.
  This is a picture of the Mississippi River flooding in Cairo, IL. 
This year, the Mississippi River was at one of its highest levels in 
some places in over a century. We received our own share of that 
flooding in Louisiana, which sits at the base of this great Mississippi 
River basin. So our people, as well as people along the entire 
Mississippi River Valley, experienced unprecedented flooding.
  The lonely and distraught couple sitting in what looks like the 
middle of an ocean is actually in Nags Head, NC. This is what happened 
to their beach home as water virtually surrounded them and destroyed 
that community. Again, this happened this year with Hurricane Irene.
  Down here on the far right is a picture of the fires that raged and 
devastated parts of Texas, which experienced one of the worst droughts 
in the recorded history of Texas.
  What is sad about this debate is I could show picture after picture 
after picture of communities in our country devastated by tornadoes, 
fires, hurricanes--disasters that strike without warning and whose 
impact is virtually impossible to measure until months afterward 
because of the extraordinary damage. In fact, the Weather Service just 
this month did a recalculation of 2011 and declared it to be one of the 
worst disaster years since records have been kept, saying they have now 
concluded, as enough evidence has come in, that we had over 12 
disasters in 1 year--in this year of 2011--over $1 billion each.
  So this year was a real outlier, but sadly--and the Presiding Officer 
has heard it in his State, and we have heard it in my State of 
Louisiana, and we have heard it around the world--these pictures may 
not be an aberration. These pictures may show what is to come. And 
while 2011 was a very bad year, people are starting to think that as a 
result of the changes in temperature and climate change--and whatever 
people think the reasons are for that, no one should disagree with the 
consequences of changing temperature, which are violent weather 
episodes. The question is, What are we going to do about it and what is 
the right way to move forward? Let me show my colleagues what the wrong 
way is before I explain the right way.
  This picture depicts the wrong way to respond. This has been 
suggested by some of my Republican colleagues. They suggest that when 
the water rises on your home or when the tornado rips you out of your 
bed and the roof falls on you and your family or when the river water 
rises and you look out of your second-floor window over your 100- or 
200-acre farm and you can't see anything and your cows are swimming and 
your horses are swimming as well, that what you should do is climb on 
your roof, call Washington, call the hotline, and identify the offset 
in the Federal budget to provide the cost of your rescue. It is 
laughable. It is supposed to be funny. It is a funny cartoon. But when 
we think about it, it is really not funny to tell the American people 
that in order to be rescued, you need to call the budget office of the 
Federal Government, identify an offset, and then we will send a rescue 
unit to respond to your emergency. It is not funny. The American people 
aren't laughing.
  So I am going to ask my colleagues to vote no on H. Con. Res. 94 
tomorrow because that is exactly what H. Con. Res. 94 does. I should 
get a big pen and write, ``If you think that grandma here with a cat 
and the phone is what you want your constituents to look like, then you 
just go right on and vote for H. Con. Res. 94.''
  But I am not going to vote for that concurrent resolution because our 
leaders wisely--both Republican and Democratic leaders, wisely--in 
August, in anticipation of this issue, already provided for disaster 
funding in the Budget Control Act. They already provided for it. We 
don't have to tell our constituents that before we can send money to 
help them in Joplin or in Nags Head, NC, or Cairo, IL, or San Antonio 
or Dallas, TX, they have to identify an offset, because we wisely said 
within the Budget Control Act, within our efforts to close the budget 
gap, that we are providing for disaster funding, and that is what we 
have done. But some Members of the House will continue to want to 
adhere to trying to identify an offset before disasters can be 
responded to. They say things such as, we should pay for disasters in 
the year we respond to them.
  I am going to present a chart in just a minute, but first I want to 
try to explain the second reason this is a faulty way forward.
  In 2005, which wasn't that many years ago, the Federal Government 
allocated $45 billion--actually, I think this number is about $68 
billion, and I will show the chart in a minute--in 1 year, and that 
year was the year of Katrina and Rita, which were the No. 1 and No. 3 
most violent and disastrous and costly hurricanes in the history of our 
country. They happened in the same year to the same State--or to the 
same area, which was Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. We got the 
brunt of two of the worst storms that literally flooded a metropolitan 
area or flooded an area greater than the size of Great Britain. And 
that amount was $68 billion.
  If we followed the poor logic of some on the Republican side that we 
had to pay for this disaster in that year in the budget, I think we 
would have probably had to eliminate half of the discretionary budget 
of the United States of America. I am going to get that exact number. 
But it is ludicrous to think we would be able to find $68 billion in 
the budget in that one year. In fact, the whole homeland security 
budget--it wouldn't be half--the whole homeland security budget is $42 
billion. So let me repeat: Instead of half, we would have had to 
completely eliminate the entire homeland security budget of the United 
States of America, plus another couple of smaller budgets, to meet the 
$68 billion requirement. It doesn't make any sense, and it is not 
right. It is not the right way to budget. It violates the Budget 
Control Act, and it is so hypocritical that some on the other side are 
requiring this for domestic expenses when they don't require the same 
thing for foreign expenses or international expenses.
  I would like to put up the next chart. To pour salt on the wound--and 
I don't quite understand the politics. I don't understand the math. I 
don't understand the budgetary consequences, and I don't understand the 
politics. They are wrong on all three counts because this is what those 
who voted for H. Con. Res. 94 have to go home and explain to their 
constituents. They are going to have to go home and say: When I was in 
Congress, I allocated $823 billion for the war in Iraq and required no 
pay-for. Then I went back to Congress and spent $557 billion in 
Afghanistan and didn't say a word about that. Then I went back and 
added a Medicare drug benefit for $180 billion, and we didn't pay for 
that. Then I went back and sent checks to everyone when George Bush was 
the President, and those checks cost $124 billion, and we didn't 
require any offset or budget implication for that. But when Americans 
had their homes destroyed, their farms flooded, their businesses ruined 
by disasters, I can't send a dime unless we take it out of health, 
transportation, or education.
  So they said no to this little $8.1 billion--after spending a grand 
total of $1.68 trillion on all these items. So I do not understand the 
math. I do not understand their position as to the budget. I most 
certainly do not understand the politics, and I do not agree with it 
because I think the American people should come first. Their needs from 
disasters should come first. We cannot possibly, because of the erratic 
nature of disasters themselves--we might think we are powerful in the 
Senate, but we are not more powerful than God, and we are not more 
powerful than nature; and I am not saying that

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God causes these storms, but nature has a way--we are not that powerful 
and we do not know and cannot predict when these will happen. All we 
can do is respond.
  We have responded appropriately in the Senate version of this bill. 
Our bill will provide funding for FEMA, for the Corps of Engineers, 
within the budgetary control structure. It will allow us to pay for 
this over time in future negotiations, which is the wise way to do it. 
But it will not force us to use disasters that occur in this country as 
an excuse to continue to ring out costs from health, transportation, 
and education.
  As my colleagues know, I feel very strongly about this issue, and I 
am proud to say I think many Democrats and, hopefully, some Republicans 
feel strongly that their constituents at home should come first, that 
the budget should provide for an immediate response when people are 
victims of floods or tornadoes or hurricanes or other disasters.
  I think most people in the Senate understand 2011 was a tough year. 
It was a historic year. But the sad thing is, I think we also 
understand it could repeat itself. Using these disasters, when it was 
not the case for the war in Iraq, was not the case for the war in 
Afghanistan, was not the case for Medicare, was not the case for the 
rebate checks--but when it comes to disasters we cannot seem to find 
$8.1 billion within the budget control structure. I do not, as I said, 
understand it.
  We have seen this cartoon I have in the Chamber before. I will not go 
into it. But I think it says beautifully why this is the wrong 
approach. Again, these pictures speak a thousand words. This other 
chart shows what a disaster looks like. I wish I had something to show 
what it feels like to lose everything, and then, when you have lost 
everything, trying to provide confidence to your own family, to your 
own children, and to your neighbors, to then listen to the debate in 
Congress that says: We write a blank check to Iraq, a blank check to 
Afghanistan, a blank check here, and yet, when it comes to funding for 
disasters, we have to have this argument.
  I am going to ask my colleagues to vote no on H. Con. Res. 94 
tomorrow. In voting no, we will reject to the find-the-offset-now 
requirement. We will honor the agreement made between Republican and 
Democratic leaders back in August to include this in the Budget Control 
Act. We will send a powerful signal to our constituents that they come 
first; that disaster victims should come first in the budget, not last; 
that we understand how difficult it is for them to rebuild their 
communities, and the Federal Government wants to be and will be a 
reliable partner they can depend on in their time of need.
  With this ill-advised resolution, we return to an issue that consumed 
this Chamber for weeks this past fall.
  That issue is how we pay for disaster funding--money used by 
communities destroyed by disasters that are struggling to clean up, 
rebuild, and move on with their lives after a tragic act of Mother 
Nature.
  We have seen many such events over the past few years--from historic 
floods in the Midwest, to deadly tornadoes in the South, to the 
wreckage inflicted on a huge swath of the country earlier this year by 
Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee.
  Back in September, Republicans in the House stood in the way of this 
critical recovery money, arguing that no funds should be sent to 
disaster victims until Congress had figured out how to pay for it 
through other cuts.
  That is bad enough on its face. But what made it even more ridiculous 
is that this Congress had already agreed on a method for funding 
disasters. That agreement came over the summer when we passed the 
Budget Control Act--a measure that received significant support from 
Democrats and Republicans in both Chambers of Congress.
  That act included two contingency funds--funds that could be spent 
above and beyond the established cap on Federal spending. One of those 
funds was for overseas contingencies like the wars and rebuilding in 
Iraq and Afghanistan that allows for $126 billion in spending above the 
cap. The other was for disaster relief and included an $11.3 billion 
cap adjustment for additional spending beyond the regular level.
  We made this agreement because we recognized that there is a real 
cost associated with disaster recovery--a cost that can't always be 
anticipated because natural disasters, by their very nature, are highly 
unpredictable.
  The stand-alone disaster funding bill we consider today, when 
combined with the minibus passed last month, will account for $10.4 
billion of that $11.3 billion disaster funding cap--an amount 
completely within the requirements laid out in the bipartisan Budget 
Control Act.
  But now, House Republicans are once again trying to go back on that 
agreement by requiring that agreed-upon funding be offset with 
additional across-the-board cuts to discretionary spending.
  There are two reasons this is wrong-headed.
  Reason No. 1: The House Republicans are creating a double standard 
regarding offsets--one for defense spending and another for domestic 
disaster relief.
  That is because, in this proposal, they only require an additional 
offset for domestic disaster spending. They have sent over no such 
language for the additional funding provided in the bill we just voted 
on for overseas contingencies.
  Let's get to the heart of what that means. It means that House 
Republicans are saying: No, we don't have to pay for wars in places 
like Afghanistan or Iraq. But we do have to offset spending for 
domestic disaster recovery.
  Why is that? Why is it that the House Republicans say we are able to 
rebuild Iraq or Afghanistan without a single word of protest, but we 
won't rebuild Vermont or New Jersey or Missouri or Louisiana in a 
similar way?
  The omnibus bill has $126 billion in it for the costs of the wars. If 
we followed the same pay-for standard that the House Republicans are 
insisting on for disaster relief on the costs of the war, we would have 
to impose a 24-percent across-the-board cut on the Defense budget or a 
12-percent cut on the entire discretionary budget.
  This double standard makes no sense. I remind my colleagues that when 
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck the gulf coast, it required 
appropriations of more than $62 billion in fiscal year 2005 alone. If 
we applied the House Republican requirement to pay for a disaster of a 
similar size, we would have to cut domestic spending by 12 percent.
  During the 112th Congress, we have not cut defense. We have not 
increased taxes on individuals who make more than $1 million a year. 
But the House Republicans want to keep going back to this one small 
part of the budget to find savings.
  So, let's be clear. Here is what the Republicans do not require 
payment for: Iraq war, $823 billion; Afghanistan war, $557 billion; 
Medicare drug benefit, $180 billion; and Bush rebate checks, $124 
billion.
  Now, you ask, what do they require payment for? Community disaster 
relief, $8.1 billion.
  Reason No. 2 of why the House Republicans' plan should be firmly 
rejected: The House Republicans' plan wouldn't require true across-the-
board cuts to pay for disaster spending. It would only require cuts to 
domestic discretionary spending--a portion of the government that makes 
up only 14 percent of total expenditures.
  In April, we cut domestic discretionary spending for fiscal year 2011 
by 7 percent. And the omnibus legislation before the Senate, consistent 
with the Budget Control Act, cuts it by an additional 1 percent.
  This proposal--the one we are currently considering--would pile on to 
that by cutting another 1.8 percent to domestic programs.
  I think we need to be clear about exactly what this would mean. There 
are consequences to these cuts--real consequences that the American 
people would feel immediately.
  Among them, it means that Title I education funding would be cut by 
$265 million. That means that almost 1,000 schools serving more than 
350,000 disadvantaged students could lose funding, and about 3,700 
teachers and aides could lose their jobs.

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  It means that special education funding would be cut by $199 million. 
That could lead to the loss of 2,600 education staff serving special 
needs students.
  It means a $146 million cut to Head Start funding, which would 
eliminate 11,000 low-income students and their families from this 
critical program.
  It would mean a reduction of 400 Border Patrol agents--nearly half 
the number that we hired and trained since Congress enacted the border 
security supplemental 16 months ago.
  It would mean that 161,000 fewer women, infants, and children would 
receive food assistance under the WIC program.
  It would hurt our efforts to combat terrorism and crime, with more 
than 5,500 Department of Justice positions becoming vacant through a 
hiring freeze and furloughs.
  It would mean a cut to the IRS enforcement mission, resulting in lost 
revenues of approximately $4 billion annually. That would increase the 
deficit by at least six times the magnitude of the proposed reduction.
  It would mean a $15 million cut to the senior nutrition program, 
which means 2 million fewer meals to needy seniors.
  The House Republicans would like you to think that these cuts are 
nothing more than reducing bureaucracy. I beg to differ. These cuts 
have consequences in the everyday lives of Americans across our Nation.
  Here is the bottom line: Instead of being really serious about 
closing the budget gap and putting new revenues on the table or saying 
across-the-board cuts for everything, House Republicans continue to use 
everything, even disasters that strike home, as an excuse to cut 
health, education, and transportation.
  Well, I stand here today and say to them: Enough is enough.
  I urge my colleagues to vote against this resolution. This Congress 
made an agreement months ago on how to fund unanticipated disasters. We 
should stick with that agreement.
  There are times and there are places for politics. Aid for disaster 
victims is not one of them. Victims of natural disasters should not be 
victimized twice--first by Mother Nature and then by politics in 
Washington.
  There may be another expression of a different side of this argument. 
I have not heard a good one yet. But I look forward--if any of my 
colleagues want to come down and take the opposite side of this 
argument, I am around. I am not going anywhere. I will be here today. I 
will be here tomorrow. I will be happy to debate them on the floor on 
this subject. But as the chair of the Homeland Security Appropriations 
Subcommittee, I have to take a strong stand on this issue because our 
budget is the one that basically gets called on to fund these 
disasters.
  Again, if I have to follow the requirement to fund them in the year 
the money is spent--1 year--I am going to have to come to this floor 
and tell everyone: We are not going to have a homeland security bill 
this year because we just had a category 5 strike Miami, and the bill--
as they said last night on the Weather Channel--will exceed $40 
billion. So I am going to have to give up our whole bill, and we will 
have no security for the United States to pay for the disaster in 1 
year.
  This is the chart I wanted to show. This is how erratic funding can 
be, as shown on this chart. This shows funding from 2003 to 2012. In 
2003, we spent basically a little over $1.7 billion. Then it jumped up 
to a little over $6 billion. Then, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma--which was 
in Florida--moved us all the way up to $45 billion in 2005, and then we 
fell back again to about $7.8 billion. We can see the erratic nature of 
these storms. It is impossible for us to even get a good average. So 
the only thing we can do is put a baseline in our bill, and then if 
disaster strikes, to respond and put it in the Budget Control Act over 
our 302(b) allocations.
  If we do not do it that way, we are going to end up having to 
scramble every year to quickly calculate what the disasters were last 
year and jam it against some budget. It is either going to be education 
that gets gutted or health that gets gutted or agriculture that gets 
gutted or homeland security. I do not want to have to be the one to 
call the thousands of Border Patrol agents whom I have helped to fund 
in my budget or have to call Senator John McCain or Senator Kyl and 
say: I am sorry. We have to lay off all the Border Patrol agents along 
the border in Arizona for a year or two because we had a big storm in 
Miami, and I have to send the money to Miami.
  Whoever heard of such a thing. That is what the Republicans in the 
House have sent to us. It should be rejected on its face. There is a 
better way to move forward, and the way is in the Budget Control Act 
that our leaders wisely have already agreed to.
  So we will have this vote tomorrow. Again, I think I have raised 
three excellent points about why the House approach is wrong and why 
our approach is correct. If someone wants to come and debate it, I will 
be happy to maybe try to explain it a little bit more.
  I can understand some on the other side who say: We have to find a 
way to pay for it, even if we have already negotiated, et cetera, but 
when the other side refuses to put even a new penny on the table to 
help with some of these things, it makes it even harder to achieve what 
we are trying to achieve.
  I thank the Presiding Officer. I hope my colleagues will hear these 
arguments and let me know if there is anything further we can explain 
on it. But I think the picture says a thousand words.
  I will close with this again: No American should have to sit on their 
roof, while the water rises, and identify an offset to finance their 
own rescue. We are a stronger nation than that. We are a bigger nation 
than that. We most certainly can provide the funding for FEMA, for the 
Corps of Engineers, and other funding in the way our Budget Control Act 
stipulates in this budget.
  I yield the floor and suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

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