[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 157 (2011), Part 1]
[House]
[Pages 1344-1346]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]




         CALLING FOR PEACEFUL SOLUTION TO EASTER ISLAND CRISIS

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 5, 2011, the gentleman from American Samoa (Mr. Faleomavaega) 
is recognized for the time remaining before 10 p.m., which is roughly 
22 minutes.
  Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, I generally don't come into the well 
to give speeches, and I realize our Nation is confronted with very 
serious issues in different regions of the world, for example, the 
current crisis in Egypt and the Middle East, our involvement in 
Afghanistan and Pakistan and Iraq, the problem of nuclear proliferation 
on the Korean peninsula, the global economic recession, and many other 
issues that are now before us.
  This evening, however, Mr. Speaker, I want to share with my 
colleagues and the American people a particular issue that is now 
brewing in the Pacific region. It is the current crisis now happening 
between the Government of Chile and the people of Easter Island.
  Mr. Speaker, Easter Island is a province of Chile, also known as Rapa 
Nui among its native people. Located some 3,800 miles east of Tahiti 
and some 2,300 miles from Santiago, Chile, Easter Island is one of the 
most isolated pieces of land on the entire planet, as you can see there 
with the arrow pointing. It is also the southeastern point of the 
Polynesian triangle, from the State of Hawaii north and as far south as 
New Zealand, with several other islands in between, including the 
Samoan Islands.
  On Easter day in 1722, the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen landed on 
the island and thus named it Easter Island. Today, Easter Island is 
best known throughout the world for its massive stone statues of 
ancient days. There are some 877 of these huge, humongous stone statues 
throughout the island.

                              {time}  2140

  They stand an average of some 13 feet in height with an average 
weight of some 13 tons. The largest statue measures nearly 72 feet in 
height and weighs approximately 145 to 165 tons.
  Given that Easter Island is a remote location, many people throughout 
the world mistakenly considered the island to be uninhabited. However, 
Easter Island is a home with a population of roughly 5,000 people, but 
approximately half of those people are indigenous of Rapa Nui, or what 
was then known in ancient times, the island was known as Rapa Nui.
  Mr. Speaker, Rapa Nui, the people of Easter Island are small in 
number, yet they carry a very vibrant culture dating back centuries 
before the arrival of Europeans. Their means of preparing food and 
living off of the land and their respect for family and nature are all 
ways of life dating back to the time when the first Polynesians settled 
the Pacific Islands on double-hulled canoes. Because all Polynesians 
are connected in this way, the people of Rapa Nui are very similar to 
that of other Polynesian people, such as the native Hawaiians, the 
Samoans, the Tongans, the Tahitians, and the Maoris of Aotearoa or New 
Zealand. For example, there's a strong connection between the older and 
younger generation and therefore a deep sense of respect for elders.
  This is an example of a photo that shows a young man wearing 
traditional body painting which is used for ritual celebrations. This 
practice, which is characteristic of the Rapa Nui people, was passed 
down to him from generation to generation. The link between the old and 
young is further perpetuated through the study of genealogy. In the 
same way that the American historians study the founding documents of 
this Nation, the Polynesian people, including the Rapa Nui people, 
treasure and study their genealogy, which goes back centuries before, 
again, the arrival of Europeans. The point I hope to make is that the 
people of Rapa Nui, Mr. Speaker, their culture is still vibrant, and 
this is not a mysterious, uninhabited island as it has been thought of 
for all these years.
  Like many other islands in the Pacific, Easter Island has had its 
sovereignty determined by more powerful outside influences. In 1888, 
the Chilean Government signed a disputed treaty with the leaders of 
Rapa Nui, and the treaty was organized in two columns. One side, 
written in Spanish, reads like a deed of cession. The other column, a 
phonetic transliteration of the native language, which did not even 
have a written form at that time, reads as a treaty of friendship and 
protection.
  The fact of the matter is, Mr. Speaker, the poor people of Rapa Nui 
could not read nor do they understand the Spanish language, and 
therefore this so-called treaty of 1888 is highly questionable in terms 
of its substance. Decades after the signing of the treaty, in the early 
1900s, the Chilean Government forced all the native people of Rapa Nui 
to live in one square mile on the island, thereby transferring the 
lands for sheepherding, and all such lands were deemed as property of 
the state. The island was later annexed by Chile in 1933 and, again, 
without any consultation with the people of Rapa Nui or Easter Island. 
This annexation was considered terra nullius, which means ``No Man's 
Land.'' On the contrary, Mr. Speaker, Rapa Nui was known as the ``Te 
Pito te Henua'' or ``The navel of the Earth.'' And as far as the people 
of Rapa Nui are concerned, there were people living on the island 
before, during, and even after the arrival of Europeans.
  Mr. Speaker, Chile's current relationship with Easter Island and the 
treatment of the native people posed many legal, policy, and human 
rights problems. With the annexation of Easter Island in 1933, the 
Government of Chile unilaterally developed and adopted laws regarding 
the ancestral lands of the people, and the enforcement of these laws 
continue to reflect the nature of Chile's initial treaty and subsequent 
annexation--disputed, unclear, and still highly questionable in terms 
of the rights of these native people to their ancestral lands.
  The Chilean law, also known as the ``Easter Island Law,'' is the 
current governing law for the property rights in Easter Island. This 
law provides for the authorization to grant land titles in favor of the 
people of Rapa Nui. It also prohibits transfers of real property to 
persons not of Rapa Nui ancestry. However, despite this clearly stated 
law, the administering authority on the island has conducted land 
transfers that directly contradict the law itself. To further emphasize 
how this action has disenfranchised the people of Rapa Nui, Mr. 
Speaker, I want to point out that Chile continues to violate this law 
within the meager square mile of land called ``Hanga Roa'' that the 
native Rapa Nui people have been confined to since the early 1900s.
  In addition to the serious land right disputes, there are several 
other issues that threaten the livelihood of the people of Rapa Nui. 
For instance, the people of Rapa Nui have no voice when it comes to 
residency and immigration to their own island. Each year, an increased 
number of Chilean nationals travel to and remain on Easter Island. Some 
roughly 50,000 tourists visit each year to see the ancient Moai 
statues. Despite the influx of tourists, Easter Island is also 
prohibited from having a television and Internet signal. The influx of 
travelers and residents have given way to massive unemployment among 
the native people, exploitation

[[Page 1345]]

of natural resources, and increased pollution. Sustainability of 
natural resources is further threatened by foreign fishing boats which 
are allowed to fish around the island.
  The parliament of Rapa Nui, clan leaders, and members have reached 
out to the Chilean Government through peaceful and diplomatic means to 
resolve the serious issues at hand. However, Chile has responded with 
efforts to create ``task forces'' and ``working tables.'' Despite these 
efforts, the bottom line, Mr. Speaker, is that there are many 
commissions that have not resulted in concrete resolutions, and the 
people--who have patiently withstood this treatment for decades--are no 
longer willing to tolerate it.
  In July and August of last year, the clans among the Rapa Nui people 
wrote several letters to the President of the Republic of Chile voicing 
their concerns. They called for an end to colonialism so the Rapa Nui 
people can return to the people they were. The people of Rapa Nui also 
wrote to the Governor of Easter Island requesting permission for a 
peaceful demonstration. In the same time period, the clans also began 
to peacefully reoccupy their ancestral lands as a means to call 
attention to the need for serious constructive dialogue with the 
Government of Chile.
  Mr. Speaker, Chile somewhat has made an effort to solve these issues 
diplomatically. In August of last year, the Minister of Interior 
visited Rapa Nui to announce the creation of ``working tables'' to 
address these issues. The project was given 60 days for its outcome. 
However, despite this attempt, the very same month a squadron of 
Chilean armed police, or ``carabineros,'' arrived on Easter Island, 
signaling the beginning of a 6-month-long violent conflict between the 
local inhabitants and the police forces that the Chilean Government 
sent to Easter Island.
  On September 7, the troops forcibly evicted the Hito clan from the 
Hotel Hanga Roa grounds. The evictions that took place on September 7 
are well documented. And I must say, Mr. Speaker, not a very pleasant 
experience in reading some of the experiences of some of these young 
people. For example, these four children, ages 9, 7, 5, and 3; Mr. 
Eddie Hito, the father. And the children stated, ``My family was all 
sleeping at 5 in the morning when I heard a loud noise. Then 20 armed 
policemen entered into our room and held both my wife and I at 
gunpoint. I heard one officer radio that there were children, but his 
superior radioed back to proceed on with no mercy. In jail, they made 
us register all the children and forced us to sign forms.''
  Another testimony. A 9-year old daughter said that when she awoke, 
police were aiming their guns at her and her younger brother. ``They 
overturned my mattress where I was sleeping with my brother, making me 
hit my head. The police threw me from the bed. They pulled my arm and 
threw me outside into their truck.''
  The mother stated, ``The police didn't even give me a chance to dress 
the children nor myself. In that little time I took the two little 
ones. And without shoes, we were rushed and thrown into the police 
trucks and taken to the jails.''

                              {time}  2150

  ``Only 2 weeks prior to this, the police had come to the children's 
school to present themselves as helpers and protectors. Now my kids are 
presented with the complete opposite. They see it as the police abusing 
their family. Now they don't want to go back to school or even to leave 
their homes. They don't want to go to school. They are worried. Every 
night they ask me if everything is locked up because they are afraid 
that the police will break in again and hurt them.''
  Another testimony from Mr. Claudio Hito with his two children, ages 
12 and 8 months. The mother made this statement:
  ``There were at least three policemen holding us at gunpoint. Claudio 
took the baby, and they still held us at gunpoint. My boy was at the 
other end of the room. The police were shining a light in his face and 
hitting his chest with their beating stick. They hit him until he woke 
up. He woke up disoriented and they ordered him to hurry up.
  ``The police physically threw us out, while threatening us. I had to 
change the baby in the police truck. I was using my cell phone light to 
change her, and they started to yell at me to turn off my phone, so I 
had to use the little light that seeped through the doors. And through 
the crack in the door I saw tons of policemen gathered outside.''
  After the September 7 incident of last year, more evictions were 
conducted. The picture here is showing a man with a forehead wound.
  Susan Hito made this statement in terms with her children, the same 
thing, being physically abused and physically assaulted by the police. 
These natives, Rapa Nuians, were completely taken by surprise in terms 
of the action taken by the police forces of the Chilean Government.
  Mr. Speaker, this past Thursday, last week, Senator Daniel Akaka and 
I issued a joint letter to the President of Chile, Mr. Sebastian 
Pinera, expressing our concern over the situation unfolding in Rapa Nui 
or Easter Island, citing the failure of the Ministry of the Interior to 
seriously consider the legitimate land ownership claims of the people 
of Rapa Nui; the criminal prosecutions of Rapa Nui political leaders 
for their involvement in peaceful demonstration; and the ongoing 
disproportionate use of force by Chilean Special Forces against the 
people of Rapa Nui.
  Mr. Speaker, the point is this: This is the year 2011, and this type 
of treatment should not be happening. But unfortunately, Mr. Speaker, 
it is happening. As I stated before, Chile's current relationship with 
Easter Island is disputed, unclear, and highly questionable. However, 
there is a choice to be made in how to address the many legal, policy 
and human rights issues that have stemmed from this unfortunate 
relationship.
  I appeal to the Government of Chile to begin a dialogue for ways to 
help the Rapa Nui people achieve self-determination, economic self-
sufficiency, and preservation of culture. We can learn, for example, 
how the Government of Nicaragua treated its people, the indigenous 
people of the Miskito tribe. We can learn from government-to-government 
relations how our own government has treated some 600 tribes here in 
the United States and in the same way that we ought to learn how we 
could better treat the people of Rapa Nui.
  Mr. Speaker, just a few weeks ago, the President of the United 
States, Barack Obama, gave the State of the Union message in which he 
mentioned Chile twice. First of all, he mentioned the efforts of an 
American who owned a small company that helped develop a special 
machine that helped save the lives of these 33 Chileans who were stuck 
in the mines. This man used his skills to save a group of people whom 
he had never met. In fact, even to the time when these 33 Chileans came 
out of the mine, he took off for the United States, never bothered 
wanting to be recognized. President Obama also mentioned that in an 
effort to strengthen our ties with Latin America, he will visit three 
countries next month to discuss business relations and trade, one of 
which is Chile. This effort on the part of President Obama in Chile is 
geared towards strengthening our Nation's relationship with Latin 
America, and particularly our bilateral relations with Chile.
  I appeal to President Pinera to advocate for a more positive approach 
for partnership and dialogue with the indigenous people of Easter 
Island or Rapa Nui. The Rapa Nui people are in danger of being 
exterminated from their own lands.
  Mr. Speaker, this seemingly peaceful island, which is known 
throughout the world for its mysterious moai stone statues, is no 
longer so peaceful. Let me conclude my remarks by making this special 
appeal, personal appeal to the Minister of Interior, the Minister of 
Foreign Affairs of Chile and more especially to the Honorable President 
of Chile, His Excellency Sebastian Pinera, to seriously address the 
problems affecting the people of Easter Island or Rapa Nui.

[[Page 1346]]

  It is my honest belief that the indigenous people of Easter Island do 
not wish to do any harm against the some 17 million people living in 
Chile. In fact, there are only 2,500 Easter Islanders who remain on the 
island. Nor is there ever a possibility that the people of Easter 
Island will ever pose a threat to the military and strategic or 
national security interests of the Chilean Government or its people.
  So, Mr. Speaker, I make this personal appeal to President Pinera. I 
ask for a true demonstration of his leadership and capacity to exercise 
fair judgment and above all show common decency towards the safety and 
welfare of probably the most helpless people who currently live on this 
planet, a people who centuries ago were among the greatest in the world 
as navigators and voyagers of the Pacific region, a people whom 
scientists today can still marvel at their ability to build statues cut 
from stones weighing hundreds of tons, a people who only ask to be 
treated as any other human being would like to be treated.

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